ASM Handbook

Volume 3
Alloy Phase Diagrams
Prepared under the direction of the ASM International
Alloy Phase Diagram and Handbook Committees

Hugh Baker, Editor

Hiroaki Okamoto, Senior Technical Editor
Scott D. Henry, Manager of Handbook Development
Grace M. Davidson, Manager, Production Systems
Mary Anne Fleming, Manager, APD Publications
Linda Kacprzak, Manager of Production
Heather F. Lampman, Editorial/Production Assistant

William W. Scott, Jr., Technical Director

Robert C. Uhl, Director of Reference Publications

Editorial Assistance
Nikki D. Wheaton
Kathleen Mills

Production Assistance
Donna Sue Plickert
Steve Starr
Karen Skiba
Patricia Eland
JeffFenstermaker

The Materials
Information Society
 Copyright 1992
by
ASM International
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First printing, December 1992

ASM Handbook is a collective effort involving thousands of technical specialists. It brings together in one
book a wealth of information from world-wide sources to help scientists, engineers, and technicians solve
current and long-range problems.
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

ASM International

ASM handbook.

(Revised for vol. 3)

Vols. 1-2 have title: Metals handbook.
Includes biographical references and indexes
Contents: v. 1. Properties and selection-irons, steels, and high-performance alloys-
v. 2. Properties and selection-nonferrous alloys and special-purpose-
v. 3. Alloy phase diagrams
1. Metals-Handbooks, manuals, etc.
I. ASM International. Handbook Committee
II. Metals handbook.
TA459.M43 1990 620.1'6 90-1 15
ISBN: 0-871 70-377-7 (v. I)
0-87170-381-5 (v.3)
SAN: 204-7586

ASM ~nternational@
Materials Park, Ohio 44073-0002

Printed in the United States of America

 Foreword

Phase diagrams, thermodynamic data in graphical form, are one of the basic tools of the metallurgist, mate-
rials scientist, and materials engineer. They can be used for alloy design, selection of hot-working and fabri-
cating parameters, prediction of performance, guidance in selection of hot-working and fabricating parame-
ters, prediction of performance, guidance in selection of heat-h-eating process parameters, solving
performance problems, including failure analysis, and for many other purposes.
The formation of The American Society of Steel Treating, the forerunner of ASM International, was based
on better understanding of heat-treating technology; this understanding was, of course, rooted in part in the
proper utilization of phase diagrams. Experimental tools such as metallography were used in those early days,
both to determine phase diagrams and to link the heat-treating process with the desired microstructure.
In 1978 ASM International joined with the National Bureau of Standards (now the National Institute of
Standards of Technology, or NIST) in an effort to improve the reliability of phase diagrams by evaluating the
existing data on a system-by-system basis. ASM raised $4 million from industry and government sources and
NIST provided a similar amount of financial and in-kind support for this historic undertaking. An international
effort was mounted simultaneously with similar objectives. As a result, all of the important binary systems
have been evaluated, and international partners have evaluated more than 2000 ternary systems.
ASM actively participates in the Alloy Phase Diagram International Commission (APDIC), which com-
prises cooperative national or regional committees in 13 countries. APDIC was formed "to set overall objec-
tives, determine priorities for alloy systems to be assessed, coordinate the assessment programs of APDIC
members and associate members, establish scope and quality standards for assessment programs in other
countries, and assist in the timely dissemination of the resultant phase diagram data."
The complete results of the international effort are recorded in various periodical and reference publications.
However, we have continued to hear from ASM members that a summary version consisting primarily of
phase diagrams should be published as an ASM Handbook for the practicingkngineer. While sucha Handbook
could not contain all the diagrams and data. careful selection would ensure the inclusion of the most important
systems, with references toither more complete sources. The present Handbook is the result of our attempts
to meet these criteria and the stated need.
No reference book of this nature could be published without the contributions of literally hundreds of tech-
nical and staff workers. On behalf of ASM International, we extend our sincere thanks and appreciation to the
category editors, contributors, reviewers, and staff who worked in this international effort. Thanks are also due
to the ASM Alloy Phase Diagram and Handbook Committees for their guidance and support of the project.

Edward H. Kottcamp, Jr.

President
ASM International

Edward L. Langer
Managing Director
ASM International
Officers and Trustees of ASM International

Edward H. Kottcamp, Jr. Leo G. Thompson E. George Kendall

President and Trustee Treasurer Northrop Aircraft
SPS Technologies Lindberg Colporation George Krauss
John G. Simon Colorado School of Mines
Vice President and Trustee Gernant E. Maurer
General Motors Corporation Trustees
Special Metals Corporation
William P. Koster William H. Erickson Alton D. Romig, Jr.
Immediate Past President Canada Centre for Minerals & Energy Sandia National Laboratories
Metcut Research Associates,Inc. Norman A. Gjostein Lyle H. Schwartz
Edward L. Langer Ford Motor Company National Institute of Standards &Technology (NIST)
Secretary and Managing Director Nicholas C. Jessen, Jr. Merle L. Thorpe
ASM International Martin Marietta Energy Systems, Inc. Hobart Tafa Technologies, Inc.

Members of the ASM Alloy Phase Diagram Committee (1991-1992)

Michael R. Notis Gretchen Kalonji (1991-) John E. Morral (1990- )
(Chairman 1991-;Member 1988-) University of Washington University of Connecticut
Lehigh University Marc H. LaBranche (1991-) Charles A. Parker (1987-)
DuPont Allied Signal Research &Technology
James Brown (1990-) Vincent C. Marcotte (1987-) Alan Prince (1987-)
Ontario Hydro IBM East Fishkill Facility Consultant
Cathleen M. Cote11 (1991-) T.B. Massalski (1987-) Gaylord D. Smith (1987-)
Naval Research Labs Carnegie-Mellon University Inco Alloys InternationalInc.
Charles E. Ells (1991-) Sailesh M. Merchant (1990-) Michael S. Zedalis (199 1-)
Atomic Energy of Canada, Ltd. AT&T Bell Labs Allied Signal, Inc.

Members of the ASM Handbook Committee (1992-1993)

Roger J. Austin Russell J. Diefendorf (1990-) Peter W. Lee (1990-)
(Chairman 1992-;Member 1984-) Clemson University The Timken Company
Hydro-Lift Aicha Elshabini-Riad (1990-) William L. Mankins (1989-)
David V. Neff Viginia Polytechnic & State University Inco Alloys International,Inc.
(Vice-chairman 1992-;Member 1986-) Gregory A. Fett (1992-) Richard E. Robertson ( 1990-)
Metaullics System Dana Corporation University of Michigan
Ted Anderson (1991-) Michelle M. Gauthier Jogender Singh (1992-)
Texas A&M University Raytheon Company NASA
Bruce Bardes (1992-) Toni Grobstein (1990-) Jeremy C. St. Pierre (1990-)
GE Aircraft Engines NASA Lewis Research Center Hayes Heat Treating Corporation
Robert J. Barnhurst (1988-) Susan Housh (1990-) Ephraim Suhir (1990-)
Noranda Technology Centre Dow Chemical U.S.A. AT&T Bell Laboratories
Toni Brugger (1992-) Dennis D. Huffman (1982-) Kenneth B. Tator (199 1-)
Phoenix Pipe & Tube Co. The Timken Company KTA-Tator, Inc.
Stephen J. Burden (1989-) S. Jim Ibarra (199 1-) Malcolm Thomas (1992-)
GTE Valenite Amoco Research Center General Motors Corp.
Craig V. Darragh (1989-) J. Ernesto Indawchea (1987-) William B. Young (1991-)
The Timken Company University of Illinois at Chicago Dana Corporation
Preface

Alloy phase diagrams have long been used successfully by the scientific, engineering, and industrial
communities as "road maps" to solve a variety of practical problems. It is, thus, not iunprising that such
diagrams have always been an important part of ASM Handbooks. The previous ASM compilation of
commercially important diagrams appeared in Volume 8 of the 8th Edition of Metals Handbook.
Shortly after publication of the earlier volume in 1973, recognition of the universal importance of alloy
phase diagrams led to the formation of several national phase diagram programs, as well as the International
Programme for Alloy Phase Diagrams to act as the coordinating body for these activities. In the US., the
national program has been spearheaded jointly by ASM International and the National Institute of Standards
and ~ e c h n o 6 ~ ~ .
To meet the pressing need for diagrams, the national programs and the entire International Programme had
two main goals: to increase the availability of phase diagrams and to ensure that the diagrams made available
were of the highest possible quality. The specific tasks that were undertaken to accomplish these goals
included assembling all existing data related to alloy phase diagrams, critically evaluating these data, using
the data to construct the most up-to-date and accurate diagrams possible, and making the resulting diagrams
readily available for use.
With the publication of the three-volume set of Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams, Second Edition, by ASM in
1991, the binary alloy portion of this monumental task is virtually complete. In addition, the first-ever truly
comprehensive collection of ternary diagrams, the multivolume Handbook of TernaryAlloy Phase Diagrams,
is scheduled for publication by ASM in 1994. Information from these two extensive and current diagram
sources have been used as the basis of this updated engineering reference book, which reproduces the diagrams
of the most commercially important systems (1046 binaries plus 80 ternaries) in a single, convenient volume.
These alloy systems are represented by more than 1100 binary diagrams and 3 13 ternary diagrams, all plotted
in weight percent as the primary scale.
The binary diagrams reproduced in this Handbook were selected from the 2965 systems covered in Binary
Alloy Phase Diagrams, with updated diagrams from literature published since January 1991. Included with
the binary diagrams is a complete index of all known alloy phase diagrams from all sources, listing where
each can be found should a problem arise concerning a binary system not covered in this Handbook. Although
many of the diagrams listed in this index (and a few of those reproduced in this volume) have not been
evaluated under the Programme, they were selected to represent the best available. Updated binary diagrams
from the phase diagram update section of the Journal of Phase Equilibria and abstracts of new full-length
evaluation from the Journal of Phase Equilibria and the Monograph Series on Alloy Phase Diagrams are
available from ASM International on a continuing basis through the Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams Updating
Service.
The ternary diagrams reproduced here were selected from more than 12,000 diagrams being assembled for
the ternary handbook. Where available, diagrams from recently published evaluated compilations were
selected. The remainder were selected to represent the best available.
To aid in the full and effective use of these diagrams to solve practical problems, we have included an
Introduction to Alloy Phase Diagrams, which contains sections on the theory and use of phase diagrams, and
an Appendix listing the relevant properties of the elements and their crystal structures.
While the work of developing additional data, expanding alloy system coverage, and refining existing
diagrams must and will continue, the quality checks built into the programme ensure that the diagrams
reproduced here are as accurate and reliable as possible. Credit for this belongs to the conscientious work of
all the experts involved in the worldwide Programme, especially Prof. Thaddeus B. Massalski and Dr. Alan
A. Prince, who coordinated the evaluation efforts during the period of greatest activity.
The Editors
 Contents

Section 1 C o o h g Curves................................................................. 1.16

Introduction to Alloy Phase Diagrams ..................................... 1.1 Crystal Properties ................................................................. 1.17
Common Terms ........................................................................ 1 1 Physical Properties ............................................................... 117
Phases ...................................................................................
1 1 Metallographic Methods ......................................................1 1 7
Equilibrium.......................................................................... 1a 1 Thermodynamic Modeling ................................................. 1.17
Polymoqhism ...................................................................... 1.1 Reading Phase Diagrams.......................................................... 1.17
Metastable Phases ................................................................ 1 1 Composition Scales ............................................................ 1.17
Systems ................................................................................
1.1 Lines and Labels ............................................................... 1.18
Phase Diagrams .................................................................... 1.2 Lever Rule ............................................................................
1.18
System Components ............................................................1.2 Phase-FractionLines .......................................................... 1.18
Phase Rule ............................................................................
1a2 Solidification........................................................................1.18
Unary Diagrams ....................................................................... 1.2 Coring .................................................................................
1.18
Invariant Equilibrium........................................................... 1.2 Liquation ..............................................................................
1.19
Univariant Equilibrium ........................................................1.2 Eutectic Microstructures ...................................................... 1.19
Bivariant Equilibrium .......................................................... 1.2 Eutectoid Microstructures .................................................. 1.19
Binary Diagrams ...................................................................... 1.2 Microstructuresof Other Invariant Reactions ......................1.20
Miscible Solids..................................................................... 1.2 Solid-state Precipitation..................................................... 1.20
Eutectic Reactions ................................................................ 1.3 Examples of Phase Diagrams ................................................... 1.20
Three-Phase Equilibrium ..................................................... 1.3 The Copper-Zinc System................................................. 1.20
Intermediate Phases ............................................................. 1.3 The Aluminum-Copper System.......................................... 1.21
Metastable Equilibrium ....................................................... 1.4 The Titanium.Aluminum. Titanium-Chromium and
Ternary Diagrams.................................................................... 1.4 Titanium-VanadiumSystems ......................................... 1.21
Vertical Sections................................................................... 1.4 The Iron-Carbon System .................................................. 1.22
Isothermal Sections .............................................................. 1.5 The Iron-CementiteSystem ........................................... 1.22
Projected Views .................................................................... 1.5 The Iron-Chromium-Nickel System .................................... 1.24
Thermodynamic Principles ......................................................1.5 Practical Applicationsof Phase Diagrams ................................ 1.24
Internal Energy..................................................................... 1.5 Alloy Design ......................................................................1.24
Closed System...................................................................... 1.5 Age-HardeningAlloys ................................................... 1.24
First Law ..............................................................................
1.5 Austenitic Stainless Steel................................................... 1.24
Enthalpy ...............................................................................
1.6 Permanent Magnets ......................................................... 1.25
Heat Capacity ....................................................................... 1.6 Processing ............................................................................
1.25
Second Law .......................................................................... 1.6 Hacksaw Blades................................................................. 1.25
Entropy.................................................................................
1.6 Hardfacing .........................................................................1.26
Third Law .............................................................................1.7 Performance ......................................................................... 1.26
Gibbs Energy ....................................................................... 1.7 Heating Elements............................................................... 1026
Features of Phase Diagrams ..................................................... 1a7 Electric Motor Housings .................................................... 1.26
Phase-Field Rule ................................................................. 1.7 Carbide Cutting Tools... 1.26
Theorem of leCh8telier ....................................................1a7 Solid State Electronics................................................. ......1*27
Clausius-Clapeyron Equation .............................................. 1a7 Bibliography ............................................................................
1.27
Solutions ..............................................................................
1.8 Other References ...................................................................... 1.29
Mixtures ...............................................................................
1.8 Index of Terms ........................................................................
1.30
Curves and Intersections......................................................1.8 Section 2
Congruent Transformations................................................. 1 10 Binary Phase Diagrams.............................................................. 201
Common ConstructionErrors .............................................. 1 10 Introduction..............................................................................
2.3
High-OrderTransitions........................................................ 1 10 Binary General References.......................................................2.4
Crystal Structure ....................................................................1 10
Key to Titles..............................................................................
2.4
Crystal Systems.................................................................... 1.10
Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams Index ........................................ 2.5
Lattice Dimensions .............................................................. 1 10 References Cited in Index ........................................................ 2.22
Lattice Points........................................................................1.10 Binary Phase Diagrams and Crystal Structure Data ................. 2.25
Crystal Structure Nomenclature ........................................... 1.15
Solid-SolutionMechanisms ................................................. 1 16 Section 3
Determination of Phase Diagrams ........................................... 1 16 Ternary Phase Diagrams ............................................................ 30 1
Chemical Analysis ............................................................... 1 16 Introduction ..............................................................................
3.3
(continued)
 Ternary Alloy Phase Diagrams ......................... ........................3.5 Allotropic Transformations of the Elements at
Ternary References ....................................... .. .. .. ... ... ...... 3.59 Atmospheric Pressure .......................................................4*7
Magnetic-Phase-Transition Temperatures of the Elements ...... 4.9
Section 4 Crystal Structures and Lattice Parameters of Allotropes
Appendix. ................................ . . . . . . . . . . . 4 . 1 of the Metallic Elements ..................................................... 4 10
Symbols for the Chemical Elements ........................................ 4.3 Crystal Structure Nomenclature Arranged Alphabetically
Standard Atomic Weights of the Elements by Pearson Symbol Designation ................................ 4 13
(periodic chart) .......................................... . . . . 4 . 4 Temperature Conversions (tables) .................................. 4 17
Melting and Boiling Points of the Elements Abbreviations ................................. ............................ .... ..........4. 19
at Atmospheric Pressure ........................................... ............ 4.5 Greek Alphabet ................................... ............................ ......4* 19
Section 1
Introduction to Alloy Phase Diagrams
Hugh Baker, Editor

ALLOY PHASE DIAGRAMS are useful to exhaust system). Phase diagrams also are con- terms "phase" and "phase field" is seldom made,
metallurgists, materials engineers, and materials sulted when attacking service problems such as and all materials having the same phase name are
scientists in four major areas: (1) development of pitting and intergranular corrosion, hydrogen referred to as the same phase.
new alloys for specific applications, (2) fabrica- damage, and hot corrosion. Equilibrium. There are three types of equili-
tion of these alloys into useful configurations, (3) In a majority of the more widely used commer- bria: stable, metastable, and unstable. These three
design and control of heat treatment procedures cial alloys, the allowable composition range en- conditions are illustrated in a mechanical sense in
for specific alloys that will produce the required compasses only a small portion of the relevant Fig. 1. Stable equilibrium exists when the object
mechanical, physical, and chemical properties, phase diagram. The nonequilibrium conditions is in its lowest energy condition; metastable equi-
and (4) solving problems that arise with specific that are usuallv encountered in practice. however. librium exists when additional energy must be
alloys in their performance in commercial appli- necessitate thi knowledge of a k u c h par: introduced before the object can reach true stabil-
cations, thus improving product predictability. In tion of the diagram. Therefore, a thorough under- ity; unstable equilibrium exists when no addi-
all these areas, the use of phase diagrams allows standing of alloy phase diagrams in general and tional energy is needed before reaching meta-
research, development, and production to be done their practical use will prove to be of great help stability or stability. Although true stable equilib-
more efficiently and cost effectively. to a metallurgist expected to solve problems in rium conditions seldom exist in metal objects, the
In the area of alloy development, phase dia- any of the areas mentioned above. study of equilibrium systems is extremely valu-
grams have proved invaluable for tailoring exist- able, because it constitutes a limiting condition
ing alloys to avoid overdesign in current applica- from which actual conditions can be estimated.
tions, designing improved alloys for existing and Common Terms Polymorphism. The structure of solid elements
new applications, designing special alloys for and compounds under stable equilibrium condi-
special applications, and developing alternative tions is crystalline, and the crystal structure of
alloys or alloys with substitute alloying elements Before the subject of alloy phase diagrams is
discussed in detail, several of the commonly used each is unique. Some elements and compounds,
to replace those containing scarce, expensive, however, are polymorphic (multishaped); that is,
hazardous, or "critical" alloying elements. Appli- terms will be discussed.
Phases. All materials exist in gaseous, liquid, or their structure transforms from one crystal struc-
cation of alloy phase diagrams in processing in- ture to another with changes in temperature and
solid form (usually referred to as a phase), de-
cludes their use to select proper parameters for pressure, each unique structure constituting a dis-
working ingots, blooms, and billets, finding pending on the conditions of state. State variables
include composition, temperature, pressure, mag- tinctively separate phase. The term allotropy (ex-
causes and cures for microporosity and cracks in isting in another form) is usually used to describe
castings and welds, controlling solution heat netic field, electrostatic field, gravitational field,
and so on. The term "phase" refers to that region polymorphic changes in chemical elements.
treating to prevent damage caused by incipient Crystal structure of metals and alloys is discussed
melting, and developing new processing technol- of space occupied by a physically homogeneous
material. However, there are two uses of the term: in a later section of this Introduction; the allo-
ogy. the strict sense normally used by physical scien- tropic transformations of the elements are listed
In the area of performance, phase diagrams give in the Appendix to this Volume.
an indication of which phases are thermodynami- tists and the somewhat looser sense normally used
by materials engineers. Metastable Phases. Under some conditions,
cally stable in an alloy and can be expected to be metastable crystal structures can form instead of
present over a long time when the part is subjected In the strictest sense, homogeneous means that
the physical properties throughout the region of stable structures. Rapid freezing is a common
to a particular temperature (e.g., in an automotive method of producing metastable structures, but
space occupied by the phase are absolutely iden-
tical, and any change in condition of state, no some (such as Fe3C, or "cementite") are produced
matter how small, will result in a different phase. at moderately slow cooling rates. With extremely
For example, a sample of solid metal with an rapid freezing, even thermodynamically unstable
apparently homogeneous appearance is not truly structures (such as amorphous metal "glasses")
a single-phase material, because the pressure con- can be produced.
dition varies in the sample due to its own weight Systems. A physical system consists of a sub-
in the gravitational field. stance (or a group of substances) that is isolated
In a phase diagram, however, each single-phase from its surroundings, a concept used to facilitate
field (phase fields are discussed in a following study of the effects of conditions of state. "Iso-
section) is usually given a single label, and engi- lated" means that there is no interchange of mass
neers often find it convenient to use this label to between the substance and its surroundings. The
refer to all the materials lying within the field, substances in alloy systems, for example, might
regardless of how much the physical properties of be two metals, such as copper and zinc; a metal
the materials continuously change from one part and a nonmetal, such as iron and carbon; a metal
of the field to another. This means that in en- and an intermetallic compound, such as iron and
~ i1 ~table.
. (c) Unstable
Mechanical equilibria: (a) Stable. (b) Metas-
cementite; or several metals, such as aluminum,
gineering practice, the distinction between the
102/lntroduction to Alloy Phase Diagrams

magnesium, and manganese. These substances

constitute the components comprising the system
and should not be confused with the various
phases found within the system. A system, how-
ever, also can consist of a single component, such
Solid
as an element or compound.
Phase Diagrams. In order to record and visual-
ize the results of studying the effects of state
variables on a system, diagrams were devised to
show the relationships between the various
phases that appear within the system under equi-
librium conditions. As such, the diagrams are
variously called constitutional diagrams, equilib-
rium diagrams, or phase diagrams. A single- Temperature-
component phase diagram can be simply a one-
or two-dimensional plot showing the phase
changes in the substance as temperature and/or Fig. 2 Schematic pressuretemperaturephase diagram
pressure change. Most diagrams, however, are
two- or three-dimensional plots describing the
phase relationships in systems made up of two or
more components, and these usually contain beled fields. Stable equilibrium between any two
fields (areas) consisting of mixed-phase fields, as phases occurs along their mutual boundary, and
invariant equilibrium among all three phases oc- Composition
well as single-phase fields. The plotting schemes
in common use are described in greater detail in curs at the so-called triple point, 0, where the
three boundaries intersect. This point also is Schematic binary phase diagram showing mis-
subsequent sections of this Introduction. Fig. cibility in both the liquid and solid states
System Components. Phase diagrams and the called an invariant point because, at that location
systems they describe are often classified and on the diagram, all externally controllable factors
named for the number (in Latin) of components are fixed (no degrees of freedom). At this point,
in the system: all three states (phases) are in equilibrium, but any The Gibbs phase rule applies to all states of
changes in pressure and/or temperature will cause matter (solid, liquid, and gaseous), but when the
Number of Name of one or two of the states (phases) to disappear. effect of pressure is constant, the rule reduces to:
components system or diagram Univariant Equilibrium. The phase rule says
One unary
that stable equilibrium between two phases in a
Two Binary unary system allows one degree of freedom (f =
Three Ternary 1 - 2 + 2). This condition, called univariant The stable equilibria for binary systems are sum-
Four Quaternary equilibrium or monovariant equilibrium, is illus-
Five Quinary marized as follows:
Six Sexinary trated as lines 1, 2, and 3 separating the single-
Seven Septenary phase fields in Fig. 2. Either pressure or tempera-
Number of Number of Degrees of
Eight Octanary ture may be freely selected, but not both. Once a components phases freedom Equilibrium
Nine Nonary pressure is selected, there is only one temperature
Ten Decinary that will satisfy equilibrium conditions, and con- 3 0 Invariant
2 1 Univariant
versely. The three curves that issue from the triple 1 2 Bivariant
point are called triple curves: line 1, representing
Phase Rule. Thephase rule, first announced by the reaction between the solid and the gas phases,
J. Willard Gibbs in 1876, relates the physical state is the sublimation curve; line 2 is the melting
of a mixture to the number of constituents in the curve; and line 3 is the vaporization curve. The
system and to its conditions. It was also Gibbs vaporization curve ends at point 4, called a criti-
who first called each homogeneous region in a calpoint, where the physical distinction between Miscible Solids. Many systems are comprised
system by the term "phase." When pressure and the liquid and gas phases disappears. of components having the same crystal structure,
temperature are the state variables, the rule can be Bivariant Equilibrium. If both the pressure and the components of some of these systems are
written as follows: and temperature in a unary system are freely and completely miscible (completely soluble in each
arbitrarily selected, the situation corresponds to other) in the solid form, thus forming a continu-
having two degrees of freedom, and the phase rule ous solid solution. When this occurs in a binary
says that only one phase can exit in stable equi- system, the phase diagram usually has the general
where f is the number of independent variables librium ( p = 1 - 2 + 2). This situation is called appearance of that shown in Fig. 3. The diagram
(called degrees of freedom), c is the number of bivariant equilibrium. consists of two single-phase fields separated by a
components, andp is the number of stable phases two-phase field. The boundary between the liquid
in the system. field and the two-phase field in Fig. 3 is called the
liquidus; that between the two-phase field and the
Binary Diagrams solid field is the solidu~.In general, a liquidus is
Unary Diagrams the locus of points in a phase diagram repre-
senting the temperatures at which alloys of the
Invariant Equilibrium. According to the phase If the system being considered comprises two various compositions of the system begin to
rule, three phases can exist in stable equilibrium components, a composition axis must be added to freeze on cooling or finish melting on heating; a
only at a single point on a unary diagram (f = 1 - the PT plot, requiring construction of a three- solidus is the locus of points representing the
3 + 2 = 0).This limitation is illustrated as point 0 dimensional graph. Most metallurgical problems, temperatures at which the various alloys fmish
in the hypothetical unary pressure-temperature however, are concerned only with a fixed pressure freezing on cooling or begin melting oi heating.
(PT) diagram shown in Fig. 2. In this diagram, the of one atmosphere, and the graph reduces to a The phases in equilibrium across the two-phase
three states (or phasestsolid, liquid, and gas- two-dimensional plot of temperature and compo- field in Fig. 3 (the liquid and solid solutions) are
are represented by the three correspondingly la- sition (ZX diagram). called conjugate phases.
 Introduction to Alloy Phase Diagrams/l.3

point P, an invariant point that occurred by coin-

cidence. (Three-phase equilibrium is discussed in
the following section.) Then, if this two-phase
field in the solid region is even further widened
so that the solvus lines no longer touch at the
invariant point, the diagram passes through a
series of configurations, finally taking on the
more familiar shape shown in Fig. 6(b). The
three-phase reaction that takes place at the invari-
ant point E, where a liquid phase freezes into a
mixture of two solid phases, is called a eutectic
reaction (from the Greek word for "easily
melted"). The alloy that corresponds to the eutec-
tic composition is called a eutectic alloy. An alloy
having a composition to the left of the eutectic
A a b B point is called a hypoeutectic alloy (from the
A B Greek word for "less than"); an alloy to the right
Composition
Composition is a hypereutectic alloy (meaning "greater than").
(a)
In the eutectic system described above, the two
~ i5 ~Schematic
. binaly phase diagram with a mini-
mum in the liquidus and a miscibility gap in the components of the system have the same crystal
solid state structure. This, and other factors, allows complete
miscibility between them. Eutectic systems, how-
ever, also can be formed by two components
If the solidus and liquidus meet tangentially at having different crystal structures. When this oc-
some point, a maximum or minimum is produced curs, the liquidus and solidus curves (and their
in the two-phase field, splitting it into two por- extensions into the two-phase field) for each of
tions as shown in Fig. 4. It also is possible to have the terminal phases (see Fig. 6c) resemble those
a gap in miscibility in a single-phase field; this is for the situation of complete miscibility between
shown in Fig. 5. Point T,, above which phases a1 system components shown in Fig. 3.
and a2 become indistinguishable, is a critical Three-Phase Equilibrium. Reactions involv-
point similar to point 4 in Fig. 2. Lines a-T, and ing three conjugate phases are not limited to the
b-T,, called solvus lines, indicate the limits of eutectic reaction. For example, upon cooling, a
solubility of component B in A and Ain B, respec- single solid phase can change into a mixture of
tively. The configurations of these and all other two new solid phases or, conversely, two solid
1 I phase diagrams depend on the thermodynamics
A B phases can react to form a single new phase.
Composition
of the system, as discussed later in this Introduc- These and the other various types of invariant
(b) tion. reactions observed in binary systems are listed in
Eutectic Reactions. If the two-phase field in the Table 1 and illustrated in Fig. 7 and 8.
solid region of Fig. 5 is expanded so that it touches Intermediate Phases. In addition to the three
F@. 4 Schematic binary phase diagrams with solid- the solidus at some point, as shown in Fig. 6(a), solid terminal-phase fields, a, P, and E, the dia-
state miscibility where the liquidus shows a
maximum (a) and a minimum (b)
complete miscibility of the components is lost. gram in Fig. 7 displays five other solid-phase
Instead of a single solid phase, the diagram now fields, y, &6',q, and o,at intermediate composi-
shows two separate solid terminal phases, which tions. Such phases are called intermediate
are in three-phase equilibrium with the liquid at phases. Many intermediate phases, such as those

A Composition B A Composition B A Composition B

(a) (b) (c)

Q,. Schematic binary phase diagrams with invariant points. (a) Hypothetical diagram of the type shown in Fig. 5 , except that the miscibility gap in the solid touches the solidus
6
curve at invariant point P; an actual diagram of this type probably does not exist. (b) and (c) Typical eutectic diagrams for components having the same crystal structure (b)
and components having different clystal structures (c); the eutectic (invariant) points are labeled E. The dashed lines in (b) and (c) are metastable extensions of the stableequilibria lines.
1.4/lntroduction to Alloy Phase Diagrams

Fig. , Hypothetical binary phase diagram showing intermediate phases formed by

various invariant reactions and a polymorphic transformation
Fig.8 Hypothetical binary phase diagram showing three intermetallic line corn-
pounds and four melting reactions

illustrated in Fig. 7, have fairly wide ranges of dimensions becomes more compfcated. One op- diagram, reading values from them is difficult.
homogeneity. However, many others have very tion is to add a third composition dimension to the Therefore, ternary systems are often represented
limited or no significant homogeneity range. base, forming a solid diagram having binary dia- by views of the binary diagrams that comprise the
When an intermediate phase of limited (or no) grams as its vertical sides. This can be represented faces and two-dimensional projections of the
homogeneity range is located at or near a specific as a modified isometric projection, such as shown liquidus and solidus surfaces, along with a series
ratio of component elements that reflects the nor- in Fig. 9. Here, boundaries of single-phase fields of two-dimensional horizontal sections (iso-
mal positio&ng of the component atoms in the (liquidus, solidus, and solvus lines in the binary therms) and vertical sections (isopleths) through
crystal structure of the phase, it is often called a diagrams) become surfaces; single- and two- the solid diagram.
compound (or line compound). When the compo- phase areas become volumes; three-phase lines Vertical sections are often taken through one
nents of the system are metallic, such an interme- become volumes; and four-phase points, while comer (one component) and a congruently melt-
diate phase is often called an intermetallic com- not shown in Fig. 9, can exist as an invariant ing binary compound that appears on the opposite
pound. (Intermetallic compounds should not be plane. The composition of a binary eutectic liq- face; when such a plot can be read like any other
confused with chemical compounds, where the uid, which is a point in a two-component system, true binary diagram, it is called a quasibinary
type of bonding is different from that in crystals becomes a line in a ternary diagram, as shown in section. One possibility is illustrated by line 1-2
and where the ratio has chemical significance.) Fig. 9. in the isothermal section shown in Fig. 10. A
Three intermetallic compounds (with four types Although three-dimensional projections can be vertical section between a congruently melting
of melting reactions) are shown in Fig. 8. helpful in understanding the relationships in a binary compound on one face and one on a dif-
In the hypothetical diagram shown in Fig. 8, an
alloy of composition AB will freeze and melt
isothermally, without the liquid or solid phases
undergoing changes in composition; such a phase
change is alled congruent. All other reactions are Liquidus surfaces
incongruent; that is, two phases are formed from A L +P
one phase on melting. Congruent and incongruent Solidus
phase changes, however, are not limited to line Solidus
surface surface
compounds: the terminal component B (pure
phase E) and the highest-melting composition of
intermediate phase 6' in Fig. 7, for example,
freeze and melt congruently, while 6' and E freeze Solvus
and melt incongruently at other compositions. Solvus ' surface
Metastable Equilibrium. In Fig. 6(c), dashed surface
lines indicate the portions of the liquidus and
solidus lines that disappear into the two-phase
solid region. These dashed lines represent valu-
able information, as they indicate conditions that
would exist under metastable equilibrium, such
as might theoretically occur during extremely
rapid cooling. Metastable extensions of some sta-
ble-equilibria lines also appear in Fig. 2 and 6(b).

Ternary Diagrams
A
When a third component is added to a binary
system, illustrating equilibrium conditions in two Fig. 9 Ternary phase diagram showing three-phase equilibrium. Source: 56Rhi
 Introduction to Alloy Phase Diagrams/l*5

~ i1 0~Isothermal
. section of a ternary diagram with ~ i11 ~Triangular
. composition grid for isothermal sec-
phase boundaries deleted for simplification tions; x is the composition of each constituent ~ i1 2~Liquidus
. projection of a ternary phase diagram
in mole fraction or percent showing isothermal contour lines. Source:
Adapted from 56Rhi
ferent face might also form a quasibinary section
(see line 2-3). tion, component A is placed at the bottom left, B
formed at the intersections of two surfaces. Ar-
All other vertical sections are not true binary at the bottom right, and C at the top. The amount
rowheads are often added to these lines to indicate
diagrams, and the term pseudobinary is applied of component A is normally indicated from point
the direction of decreasing temperature in the
to them. A common pseudobinary section is one C to point A, the amount of component B from trough.
where the percentage of one of the components is point A to point B, and the amount of component
held constant (the section is parallel to one of the C from point B to point C. This scale arrangement
faces), as shown by line 4-5 in Fig. 10. Another is often modified when only a comer area of the Thermodynamic Principles
is one where the ratio of two constituents is held diagram is shown.
constant and the amount of the third is varied from Projected Views. Liquidus, solidus, and solvus
The reactions between components, the phases
0 to 100% (line 1-5). surfaces by their nature are not isothermal. There-
formed in a system, and the shape of the resulting
Isothermal Sections. Composition values in fore, equal-temperature (isothermal) contour
phase diagram can be explained and understood
the triangular isothermal sections are read from a lines are often added to the projected views of
through knowledge of the principles, laws, and
triangular grid consisting of three sets of lines these surfaces to indicate their shape (see Fig. 12).
terms of thermodynamics, and how they apply to
parallel to the faces and placed at regular compo- In addition to (or instead of) contour lines, views
the system.
sition intervals (see Fig. 11). Normally, the point often show lines indicating the temperature
Internal Energy. The sum of the kinetic energy
of the triangle is placed at the top of the illustra- troughs (also called "valleys" or "grooves")
(energy of motion) and potential energy (stored
energy) of a system is called its internal energy,
Table 1 invariant reactions E. Internal energy is characterized solely by the
state of the system.
TYP Reaction
Closed System. A thermodynamic system that
Eutectic
(involves liquid
and solid) L ' Ll
S Monoteetic
undergoes no interchange of mass (material) with
its surroundings is called a closed system. A
closed system, however, can interchange energy
S, > : S, Eutectic
with its surroundings.
First Law. The First Law of Thermodynamics,
SI
as stated by Julius von Mayer, James Joule, and
L > v : S, Catatectic (Metatectic)
Hermann von Helmholtz in the 1840s, states that
energy can be neither created nor destroyed.
Euteaoid SI Therefore, it is called the Law of Conservation of
(involves solid S, > < S, Monotectoid Energy. This law means that the total energy of
only)
s, an isolated system remains constant throughout
< S, Eutectoid any operations that are carried out on it; that is,
for any quantity of energy in one form that disap-
pears from the system, an equal quantity of an-
Peritectic other form (or other forms) will appear.
(involves liquid L, >A< L Syntectic
and solid) S
For example, consider a closed gaseous system
to which a quantity of heat energy, ZiQ, is added
<L- > S, Peritectic
and a quantity of work, 6W, is extracted. The First
s, Law describes the change in internal energy, dE,
of the system as follows:
Peritectoid
(involves solid
<S,-> & Peritectoid
only) s,

In the vast majority of industrial processes and

material applications, the only work done by or
on a system is limited to pressure/volume terms.
1.6/lntroduction to Alloy Phase Diagrams

Any energy contributions from electric, mag- Second Law. While the First Law establishes
netic, or gravitational fields are neglected, except the relationship between the heat absorbed and
for electrowinning and electrorefining processes the work performed by a system, it places no
such as those used in the production of copper, However, if the substance is kept at constant restriction on the source of the heat or its flow
aluminum, magnesium, the alkaline metals, and volume (dV = 0): direction. This restriction, however, is set by the
the alkaline earths. With the neglect of field ef- Second Law of Thermodynamics, which was ad-
fects, the work done by a system can be measured vanced by Rudolf Clausius and W~lliamThomson
by summing the changes in volume, dV, times (Lord Kelvin). The Second Law states that the
each pressure causing a change. Therefore, when and spontaneous flow of heat always is from the
field effects are neglected, the First Law can be higher temperature body to the lower tempera-
written:
$1 [El
c-- = -
ture body. In other words, all naturally occurring
processes tend to take place spontaneously in the
direction that will lead to equilibrium.
Entropy. The Second Law is most conveniently
Enthalpy. Thermal energy changes under con- If, instead, the substance is kept at constant pres- stated in terms of entropy, S, another property of
stant pressure (again neglecting any field effects) sure (as in many metallurgical systems), state possessed by all systems. Entropy represents
are most conveniently expressed in terms of the the energy (per degree of absolute temperature,
enthalpy, H, of a system. Enthalpy, also called T)in a system that is not available for work. In
heat content, is defined by: terms of entropy, the Second Law states that all
natural processes tend to occur only with an
d ( E + PV) increase in entropy, and the direction of the proc-

Enthalpy, like internal energy, is a function of the

Q=[ clr ] P
ess always is such as to lead to an increase in
entropy. For processes taking place in a system in
state of the system, as is the product PV. equilibrium with its surroundings, the change in
Heat Capacity. The heat capacity, C, of a sub- and entropy is defined as follows:
stance is the amount of heat required to raise its
temperature one degree; that is:

Composition A Composition B

(b)

A Composition B A Composition B A Composition B

(Q (9) (1)

Fig. 13 Use of G~bbsenergy culves to construct a bmary phase d~agramthat shows m ~ s c ~ b ~Inl ~both
t y the l ~ q u ~
and
d sol~dstates Source Adapted from 66Pr1

-. -- - - --
A 4 I I T71 I-;--7, .R "'
 Introduction to Alloy Phase Diagrams1107

A Composition B A Composition B A Composition B

A Composition B A Composition A Composition B

(e) (1)

Fig. 14 Use of Gibbs energy curves to construct a binary phase diagram of the eutectic type. Source: Adapted from 68Gor

Third Law. Aprinciple advanced by Theodore independent variables, pressure and absolute tem- equilibrium is altered, a reaction occurs that
Richards, Walter Nemst, Max Planck, and others, perahre, which are readily controlled experimen- opposes the constraint, i.e., a reaction that par-
often called the Third Law of Thermodynamics, tally. If the process is carried out under conditions tially nullifies the alteration. The effect of this
states that the entropy of all chemically homoge- of constant pressure and temperature, the change theorem on lines in a phase diagram can be seen
neous materials can be taken as zero at absolute in Gibbs energy of a system at equilibrium with in Fig. 2. The slopes of the sublimation line (1)
zero temperature (0 K ) . This principle allows its surroundings (a reversible process) is zero. For and the vaporization line (3) show that the system
calculation of the absolute values of entropy of a spontaneous (irreversible) process, the change reacts to increasing pressure by making the denser
pure substances solely from heat capacity. in Gibbs energy is less than zero (negative); that phases (solid and liquid) more stable at higher
Gibbs Energy. Because both S and V are diffi- is, the Gibbs energy decreases during the process, pressure. The slope of the melting line (2) indi-
cult to control experimentally, an additional term, and it reaches a minimum at equilibrium. cates that this hypothetical substance contracts on
Gibbs energy, G , is introduced, whereby: freezing. (Note that the boundary between liquid
water and ordinary ice, which expands on freez-
Features of Phase Diagrams ing, slopes toward the pressure axis.)
Clausius-Clapeyron Equation. The theorem
and of Le Chdtelier was quantified by Benoit Clapey-
The areas (fields) in a phase diagram, and the ron and Rudolf Clausius to give the following
position and shapes of the points, lines, surfaces,
dC = dE + PdV + V d P - TdS - SdT and intersections in it, are controlled by thermo-
equation:
dynamic principles and the thermodynamic prop-
However. erties of all of the phases that constitute the sys-
tem.
dE = TdS - PdV Phase-field Rule. The phase-field rule speci-
fies that at constant temperature and pressure, the
Therefore, number of phases in adjacent fields in a multi- where dP/dT is the slope of the univariant lines in
component diagram must differ by one. a PT diagram such as those shown in Fig. 2, AV
dG = V d P - SdT Theorem of Le Chltelier. The theorem of is the difference in molar volume of the two
Henri Le Chdtelier, which is based on thermody- phases in the reaction, and AH is the difference in
Here, the change in Gibbs energy of a system namic principles, states that $ a system in equi- molar enthalpy of the two phases (the heat of the
undergoing a process is expressed in terms of two librium is subjected to a constraint by which the reaction).
1.8/lntroduction to Alloy Phase Diagrams

Composition
Examples of acceptable intersect~onangles lor ~ i16~An example
.
Fig. 1 houndartcs of two-phase f~elds.Source. 5bRh1
of a binary phase diagram with a minimum in the liquidus that violates the Gibbs-Konovalov Rule.
Source: 81 Goo

Solutions. The shapes of liquidus, solidus, and points 1 and 2, where these compositions intersect as diagrams with multiple three-phase reactions,
solvus curves (or surfaces) in a phase diagram are temperature T3, is called a tie line. Similar tie lines also can be constructed from appropriate Gibbs
determined by the Gibbs energies of the relevant connect the coexisting phases throughout all two- energy curves. Likewise, Gibbs energy surfaces
phases. In this instance, the Gibbs energy must phase fields (areas) in binary and (volumes) in and tangential planes can be used to construct
include not only the energy of the constituent ternary systems, while tie triangles connect the ternary phase diagrams.
components, but also the energy of mixing of coexisting phases throughout all three-phase re- Curves and Intersections. Thermodynamic
these components in the phase. gions (volumes) in ternary systems. principles also limit the shape of the various
Consider, for example, the situation of complete Eutectic phase diagrams, a feature of which is a boundan, curves (or surfaces) and their intersec-
miscibility shown in Fig. 3. The two phases, field where there is a mixture of two solid phases, tions. F& example, see the PT diagram shown in
liquid and solid a, are in stable equilibrium in the also can be constructed from Gibbs energy Fig. 2. The Clausius-Clapeyron equation requires
two-phase field between the liquidus and solidus curves. Consider the temperatures indicated on that at the intersection of the triple curves in such
limes. The Gibbs energies at various temperatures the phase diagram in Fig. 14(f) and the Gibbs a diagram, the angle between adjacent curves
are calculated as a function of composition for energy curves for these temperatures (Fig. 14a-e). should never exceed 180' or, alternatively, the
ideal liquid solutions and for ideal solid solutions When the points of tangency on the energy curves extension of each triple curve between two phases
of the two components, A and B. The result is a are transferred to the diagram, the typical shape must lie within the field of third phase.
series of plots similar to those shown in Fig. 13(a) of a eutectic system results. The mixture of solid The angle at which the boundaries of two-phase
to (e). a and I3 that forms upon cooling through the fields meet also is limited by thermodynamics.
At temperature T i , the liquid solution has the eutectic point k has a special microstructure, as That is, the angle must be such that the extension
lower Gibbs energy and, therefore, is the more discussed later. of each beyond the point of intersection projects
stable phase. At T2, the melting temperature of A, Binary phase diagrams that have three-phase into a two-phase field, rather than a one-phase
the liquid and solid are equally stable only at a reactions other than the eutectic reaction, as well field. An example of correct intersections can be
composition of pure A. At temperature T3, be-
tween the melting temperatures of A and B, the
Gibbs energy curves cross. Temperature T4 is the Correct Incorrect
melting temperature of B, while T5 is below it.
Construction of the two-phase liquid-plus-solid
L
field of the phase diagram in Fig. 13(f) is as
follows. According to thermodynamic principles,
the compositions of the two phases in equilibrium
with each other at temperature T3 can be deter-
mined by constructing a straight line that is tan-
gential to both curves in Fig. 13(c). The points of
tangency, 1 and 2, are then transferred to the phase
diagram as points on the solidus and liquidus,
respectively. This is repeated at sufficient tem-
peratures to determine the curves accurately.
If, at some temperature, the Gibbs energy curves
for the liquid and the solid tangentially touch at
some point, the resulting phase diagram will be
similar to those shown in Fig. 4(a) and (b), where
a maximum or minimum appears in the liquidus
and solidus curves. A B
Mixtures. The two-phase field in Fig. 13(f) Composition Composition
consists of a mixture of liquid and solid phases. (a)
As stated above, the comvositions of the two
phases in equilibrium at temperature T3 are C1 ~ i17~Schematic
. diagrams of binary systems containing congruent-melting compounds but having no association of
the component atoms in the melt common. The diagram in (a) is consistent with the Gibbs-Konovalov Rule,
and C 2 The horizontal isothermal line connecting whereas that in (b) violates the rule. Source: 81 Goo
 Introduction to Alloy Phase Diagrams/l.9

Typical Phase-Rule Violations 10. When two phase boundaries touch at a point, Problems Connected With Phase-Boundary
they should touch at an extremity of tempera- Curvatures
(See Fig. 18) ture.
11. A touching liquidus and solidus (or any two Although phase rules are not violated, three addi-
1. Atwo-phase field cannot be extended to become touching boundaries) must have a horizontal tional unusual situations (21, 22, and 23) have also
part of a pure-element side of a phase diagram common tangent at the congruent point. In this been included in Fig. 18. In each instance, a more
at zero solute. In example 1, the liquidus and the instance, the solidus at the melting point is too subtle thermodynamic problem may exist related to
solidus must meet at the melting point of the pure "sharp" and appears to be discontinuous. these situations. Examples are discussed below where
element. 12. A local minimum point in the lower part of a several thermodynamically unlikely diagrams are
2. Two liquidus curves must meet at one comwsi- single-phase field (in this instance, the liquid) considered. The problems with each of these situ-
tion at a eutectic temperature. cannot be drawn without an additional boundary ations involve an indicated rapid change of slope of
3. A tie line must terminate at a phase boundary. in contact with it. (In this instance, a horizontal a phase boundary. If such situations are to be associ-
4. Two solvus boundaries (or two liquidus, or two monotectic line is most likely missing.) ated with realistic thermodynamics, the temperature
solidus, or a solidus and a solvus) of the same 13. A local maximum point in the lower part of a (or the composition) dependence of the thermody-
phase must meet (i.e., intersect) at one compo- single-phase field cannot be drawn without a namic functions of the phase (or phases) involved
sition at an invariant temperature. (There should monotectic, monotectoid, syntectic, and sintec- would be expected to show corresponding abrupt and
not be two solubility values for a phase boundary toid reaction occurring below it at a lower tem- unrealistic variations in the phase diagram regions
at one temperature.) perature. Alternatively, a solidus curve must be where such abrupt phase boundary changes are pro-
5. A phase boundary must extrapolate into a two- drawn to touch the liquidus at point 13. posed, without any clear reason for them. Even the
phase field after crossing an invariant point. The 14. A local maximum point in the upper part of a onset of ferromagnetism in aphase does not normally
validity of this feature, and similar features re- single-phase field cannot be drawn without the cause an abrupt change of slope of the related phase
lated to invariant temperatures, is easily demon- phase boundary touching a reversed monotectic, boundaries. The unusual changes of slope considered
strated by constructing hypothetical free-energy or a monotectoid, horizontal reaction line coin- here are:
diagrams slightly below and slightly above the ciding with the temperature of the maximum.
invariant temperature and by observing the rela- When a 14 type of error is introduced, a mini- 21. Two inflection points are located too closely to
tive positions of the relevant tangent points to mum may be created on either side (or on one each other.
the free energy curves. After intersection, such side) of 14. This introduces an additional error, 22. An abrupt reversal of the boundary direction
boundaries can also be extrapolated into metas- which is the opposite of 13, but equivalent to 13 (more abrupt than a typical smooth "retro-
table regions of the phase diagram. Such ex- in kind. grade"). This particular change can occur only
trapolations are sometimes indicated by dashed 15. A phase boundary cannot terminate within a if there is an accompanying abrupt change in the
or dotted lines. phase field. (Termination due to lack of data is, temperature dependence of the thermodynamic
6. Two single-phase fields ( a and p) should not be of course, often shown in phase diagrams, but properties of either of the two phases involved
in contact along a horizontal line. (An invariant- this is recognized to be artificial.) (in this instance, 6 or h in relation to the bound-
temperature line separates two-phase fields in 16. The temperature of an invariant reaction in a ary). The boundary turn at 22 is very unlikely to
contact.) binary system must be constant. (The reaction be explained by any realistic change in the com-
7. A single-phase field ( a in this instance) should line must be horizontal.) position dependence of the Gibbs energy func-
not be apportioned into subdivisions by a single 17. The liquidus should not have a discontinuous tions.
line. Having created a horizontal (invariant) line sharp peak at the melting point of a compound. 23. An abrupt change in the slope of a single-phase
at 6 (which is an error), there may be a tempta- (This rule is not applicable if the liquid retains boundary. This particular change can occur only
tion to extend this line into a single-phase field, the molecular state of the compound, i.e., in the by an abrupt change in the composition depend-
a , creating an additional error. situation of an ideal association.) ence of the thermodynamic properties of the
8. In a binary system, an invariant-temperature line 18. The compositions of all three phases at an invari- single phase involved (in this instance, the 6
should involve equilibrium among three phases. ant reaction must be different. phase). It cannot be explained by any possible
9. There should be a two-phase field between two 19. A four-phase equilibrium is not allowed in a abrupt change in the temperature dependence of
single-phase fields (Two single phases cannot binary system. the Gibbs energy function of the phase. (If the
touch except at a point. However, second-order 20. Two separate phase boundaries that create a temperature dependence were involved, there
and higher-order transformations may be excep- two-phase field between two phases in equilib- would also be a change in the boundary of the E
tions to this rule.) rium should not cross each other. phase.)

Fig. * Hypothetical binary phase diagram showing many typical errorsof construe-
tion. See the accompanying tent for discussion of the errors at points 1 to 23.
iource: 910kal
Fig. 19 Error-free version of the phase diagram shown in Fig. 18. Source: 910kal
1.1 O/lntroduction t o Alloy Phase Diagrams
seen in Fig. 6(b), where both the solidus and
solvus lines are concave. However, the curvature
of both boundaries need not be concave; Fig. 15
shows two equally acceptable (but unlikely) in-
tersections where convex and concave lines are
mixed.
Congruent Transformations. The congruent
point on a phase diagram is where different
phases of same composition are in equilibrium.
The Gibbs-KonovalovRule for congruent points,
which was developed by Dmitry Konovalov from
a thermodynamickxp&ssion &en by J. Willard
Gibbs, states that the slom of phase boundaries at
A A

congruent transformations must be zero (horizon-

tal). Examples of correct slope at the maximum
and minimum points on liquidus and solidus
curves can be seen in Fig. 4. Often, the inner curve
on a diagram such as that shown in Fig. 4 is
erroneously drawn with a sharp inflection (see Fig. 20 A space lattice
Fig. 16). ~ i21 ~Crystal
. axes and unit-cell edge lengths. Unit-
cell faces are shown, but to avoid confusion
A similar common construction error is found they are not labeled.
in the diagrams of systems containing con-
gruently melting compounds (such as the line
compounds shown in Fig. 17) but having little or or molecules in the interior of a crystal is called
no association of the commnent atoms in the melt its crystal structure. The unit cell of a crystal is all three directions, all unequal lengths must be
(as with most metallic systems). This type of error the smallest pattern of arrangement that can be stated to completely define the crystal. The same
is especially common in partial diagrams, where contained in a parallelepiped, the edges of which is true if all interaxial angles are not equal. When
one or more system components is a compound form the a , b, and c axes of the crystal. The defining the unit-cell size of an alloy phase, the
instead of an element. (The slope of liquidus and three-dimensional aggregation of unit cells in the possibility of crystal ordering occurring over sev-
solidus curves, however, must not be zero when crystal forms a space lattice, or Bravais lattice eral unit cells should be considered. For example,
they terminate at an element, or at a compound (see Fig. 20). in the copper-gold system, a superlattice forms
having complete association in the melt.) Crystal Systems. Seven different crystal sys- that is made up of 1Ocells of the disordered lattice,
Common Construction Errors. Hiroaki tems are recognized in crystallography, each hav- creating what is called long-period ordering.
Okamoto and Thaddeus Massalski have prepared ing a different set of axes, unit-cell edge lengths, Lattice Points. As shown in Fig. 20, a space
the hypothetical binary phase shown in Fig. 18, and interaxial angles (see Table 2). Unit-cell edge lattice can be viewed as a three-dimensional net-
which exhibits many typical errors of construc- lengths a, b, and c are measured along the corre- work of straight lines. The intersections of the
tion (marked as points 1 to 23). The explanation sponding a , b, and c axes (see Fig. 21). Unit-cell lines (called lattice points) represent locations in
for each error is given in the accompanying text; faces are identified by capital letters: face A con- space for the same kind of atom or group of atoms
one possible error-free version of the same dia- tains axes b and c, face B contains c and a , and of identical composition, arrangement, and orien-
gram is shown in Fig. 19. face C contains a and b. (Faces are not labeled in tation. There are five basic arrangements for lat-
Higher-Order Tkansitions. The transitions Fig. 21.) Interaxial angle a occurs in face A, tice points within a unit cell. The first four are:
angle P in face B, and angle y in face C (see Fig. primitive (simple), having lattice points solely at
considered in this Introduction up to this point -.
A).
\

cell comers; base-face centered (end-centered),

have been limited to the common thermodynamic
types called first-order transitions-that is, Lattice Dimensions. It should be noted that the having lattice points centered on the C faces, or
changes involving distinct phases having differ- unitcell edge lengths and interaxial angles are ends of the cell; all-face centered, having lattice
ent lattice parameters, enthalpies, entropies, den- unique for each crystalline substance. The unique points centered on all faces; and innercentered
sities, and so on. Transitions not involving discon- edge lengths are called lattice parameters. The (body-centered), having lattice points at the cen-
tinuities in composition, enthalpy, entropy, or term lattice constant also has been used for the ter of the volume of the unit cell. The fifth ar-
molar volume are called higher-order transitions length of an edge, but the values of edge length rangement, the primitive rhombohedral unit cell,
and occur less frequently. The change in the mag- are not constant, varying with composition within is considered a separate basic arrangement, as
netic quality of iron from ferromagnetic to param- a phase field and also with temperature due to shown in the following section on crystal struc-
agnetic as the temperature is raised above 77 1 "C thermal expansion and contraction. (Reported lat- ture nomenclature. These five basic arrangements
(1420 OF) is an example of a second-order transi- tice parameter values are assumed to be room- are identified by capital letters as follows: P for
tion: no phase change is involved and the Gibbs temperature values unless otherwise specified.) the primitive cubic, C for the cubic cell with
phase rule does not come into play in the transi- Interaxial angles other than 90" or 120" also can lattice points on the two C faces, F for all-face-
tion. Another example of a higher-order transition change slightly with changes in composition. centered cubic, I for innercentered (bodycen-
is the continuous change from a random arrange- When the edges of the unit cell are not equal in tered) cubic, and R for primitive rhombohedral.
ment of the various kinds of atoms in a multicom-
ponent crystal structure (a disordered structure)
to an arrangement where there is some degree of Table 2 Relationships of edge lengths and of interaxial angles for the seven crystal systems
crystal ordering of the atoms (an ordered struc- Crystal system Edge lengths Interaxial ungles Examples

ture, or superlattice), or the reverse reaction. Triclinic (anorthic) a#b+c a#p#y+9O0 HBK
Monoclinic a+b#c a=y=90°#P P-S; CoSb2
Orthorhombic a#b#c a=P=y=9O0 a-S; Ga; Fe,C (cementite)
Crystal Structure Tetragonal a=b#c a=P=y=m0 P-Sn (white); Ti02
Hexagonal a=b#c a=p=9Oo;y=12O0 Zn,Cd; NiAs
Rhombohedral(a) a=b=c a=P=y+9O0 As; Sb; Bi; calcite
A crystal is a solid consisting of atoms or mole- Cubic a=b=c a=$=y=90° Cu; Ag; Au; Fe; NaCl
cules arranged in a pattern that is repetitive in
(a) Rhombohemal crystals (sometimes called trigonal) also can be described by using hexagonal axes (rhombohedral-hexagonal).
three dimensions. The arrangement of the atoms
 introduction to Alloy Phase Diagrams11a1 1

-2 -2

2
0 0
Origin

Face-centered cublc: ~ m hCU

, 0Zn
cF4
Facwentered cublc:FT3m. ZnS (aphalerlte)
as
cF8

Facecentered cublc: ~ r n i r nNaCl

, Face-centeredcublc: Fdzrn, C (diamond)
cF8 0 cl cF8

w
Face-centeredcublc: Frnirn, CaF2 (fluorite)
e F

cF12

milT! /
I 0 0
Origin Origin
a = 0.316 nm

Body-centered cubic: lrn~rn,W

Cl2

Face-centeredcublc: superlattlce: Fm&, B ~ F ~

cF18

Fig. 22 Schematic drawings of the unit cells and ion positions for some simple metal ctystals, arranged alphabetically according to Pearson symbol. Also listed are the space lattice
and crystal system, space-group notation, and prototype for each ctystal. Reported lattice parameters are for the prototype crystal. (continued)
1.1 Z/lntroduction to Alloy Phase Diagrams

0
Origin
Origin

Prirnltive cubic: ~rn3m,apo

cm
Origin
u Cubic: ~ m hCsCl
,
0 Cl

cP2

a = 0.321 nrn
c = 0.521 nrn

L-

p
i&
Origin

Origin
Hexagonal: PBlmmm, AIB2
hP3

Close-packed hexagonal: Pti31mmc,Mg

hP2

Hexagonal: #i3mc, ZnS(wurtzlte)

hP4

Fig.22 Schematic drawings of the unit cells and ion positions for some simple metal crystals, arranged alphabetically according to Pearson symbol. Also listed are the space lattice
and crystal system, space-group notation, and prototype for each crystal. Reported lattice parameters are for the prototype crystal. (continued)
 Introduction to Alloy Phase Diagrams11*I 3

Origin
Hexagonal: PB,lmmc, InNI,
hP6

Haxagonal: 6 2 m ,Fa2P
hPn

Origin

e Au
0 Cd Origin

Orthomomblc: Pmma, AuCd

OP4

0
0

Ori
0 s
Orthofiomblc: Pnnm, Fe% (marca.lt.) O ~ h ~ ~ m bPnma.
l c : Fe3C(wmontlt.)
om Om6
~ i 22~ Schematic
. drawings of the unit cells and ion positions for some simple metal crystals, arranged alphabetically according to Pearson symbol. AIru listed are the space lattice
and crystal system, spacegroup notation, and prototype for each crystal. Reported lattice parameters are for the prototype crystal. (continued)
1.1 4/lntroduction to Alloy Phase Diagrams

Bodycentered tetragonal: 1411amd, &%I

114
Tetragonal: IUmmm. MoSlz
tl6

a =
C =

Origin

Tetragonal: P4hmm. yCuTl

tP4
Tatragonal euparlattice:P4lmmm. AuCu
tP2
0.763

0.237

Origin

= 0.397 nm
= 0.502 nrn 08 0
pb

Tetragonal: PUnmm, PbO

tP4

0 0
Origin

c = 0.296 nrn
0 Ti
a = 0.399 nm 0
Tetragonel: P 4 Jmnm, T102 (rutlle)
Tetragonal: PUnmm. Cu2Sb
tm

Schematic drawings of the unit cells and ion positions for some simple metal crystals, arranged alphabetically according to Pearson symbol. Also listed are the space lattice
Fig' 22 and crystal system, space-group notation, and prototype for each crystal. Reported lattice parameters are for the prototype crystal.
 Introduction to Alloy Phase Diagramdl *I5

Table 3 The 14 space (Bravais) lattices and

their Pearson symbols
Crystal Space Pearson
system lattice symbol

Triclinic ( a n o d i c ) Primitive aP
Monoclink Primitive mP
Base-centered(a)
Onhorhombic Primitive
Base-centered(a)
Face-centered
Body -centered
Tetragonal Primitive
Body <entered
Hexagonal Primitive
Rhombohedra1 Primitive
Cubic Primitive
Face-centered
Bodyqentered
(a) 7he face that has a lattice point at itscenter may be chosen as the c face
(the XY plane), demted by the symbol C, or as the a orb face, denoted by
A or B , because the chotce of axes is arbitrary and does n a alter the actual
translationsof the lanice

Interstitial Substitutional along with schematic drawings illustrating the

atom arrangements in the unit cell. It should be
(a) (b)
noted that in these schematic representations, the
different kinds of atoms in the prototype crystal
Fig. 23 Solid-solution mechanisms. (a) Interstitial. (b) Substitutional illustrated are drawn to represent their relative
sizes, but in order to show the arrangements more
clearly, all the atoms are shown much smaller than
Crystal Structure Nomenclature. When the are widely used to identlfy crystal types. As can their true effective size in real crystals.
seven crystal systems are considered together be seen in Table 3, the Pearson symbol uses a Several of the many possible crystal structures
with the five space lattices, the combinations small letter to identify the crystal system and a are so commonly found in metallic systems that
listed in Table 3 are obtained. These 14 combina- capital letter to identlfy the space lattice. To these they are often identified by three-letter abbrevia-
tions form the basis of the system of Pearson is added a number equal to the number of atoms tions that combine the space lattice with the crys-
symbols developed by William B. Pearson, which in the unit cell conventionally selected for the tal system. Forexample, bcc is usedforbody-cen-
particular crystal type. When determining the tered cubic (two atoms per unit cell), fcc for
number of atoms in the unit cell, it should be face-centered cubic (four atoms per unit cell), and
remembered that each atom that is shared with an cph for close-packed hexagonal (two atoms per
adjacent cell (or cells) must be counted as only a unit cell).
fraction of an atom. The Pearson symbols for Space-group notation is a symbolic description
some simple metal crystals are shown in Fig. 22, of the space lattice and symmetry of a crystal. It
consists of the symbol for the space lattice fol-
lowed by letters and numbers that designate the
symmetry of the crystal. The space-group nota-
tion for each unit cell illustrated in Fig. 22 is
identified next to it. For a more complete list of
Pearson symbols and space-group notations, con-
sult the Appendix.
To assist in classification and identification,
each crystal structure type is assigned a repre-
sentative substance (element or phase) having
that structure. The substance selected is called the
structure prototype. Generally accepted proto-
types for some metal crystals are listed in Fig. 22.
An important source of information on crystal
structures for many years was Structure Reports
(Strukturbericht in German). In this publication,
crystal structures were classified by a designation
consisting of a capital letter (A for elements, B for
AB-type phases, C for ABz-type phases, D for
other binary phases, E for ternary phases, and L
for superlattices), followed by a number consecu-
tively assigned (within each group) at the time the
type was reported. To further distinguish among
crystal types, inferior letters and numbers, as well
as prime marks, were added to some designations.
Because the Strukturbericht designation cannot
Fig. 24 Ideal c o o l ~ n gcurve w ~ t h n o phase change Fig. 25 Ideal f r e e z ~ n gcurve of a pure metal be conveniently and systematically expanded to

--- ---
---. " -
I *I C/lntroduction to Alloy Phase Diagrams
Determination of Phase Diagrams from high-purity constituents and accurately ana-
lyzed.
The data used to construct phase diagrams are Chemical analysis is used in the determination
obtained from a wide variety of measurements, of phase-field boundaries by measuring compo-
many of which are conducted for reasons other sitions of phases in a sample equilibrated at a
than the determination of phase diagrams. No one fixed temperature by means of such methods as
research method will yield all of the information the diffusion-couple technique. The composition
needed to construct an accurate diagram, and no of individual phases can be measured by wet
diagram can be considered fully reliable without chemical methods, electron probe microanalysis,
corroborating results obtained from the use of at and so on.
least one other method. Cooling Curves. One of the most widely used
Knowledge of the chemical composition of the methods for the determination of phase bounda-
sample and the individual phases is important in ries is thermal analysis. The temperature of a
the construction of accurate phase diagrams. For sample is monitored while allowed to cool natu-
example, the samples used should be prepared rally from an elevated temperature (usually in the

I Heating curve Cooling curve I

Fig. 26Natural freezing and melting curves of a pure

metal. Source: 56Rhi

cover the large variety of crystal structures cur-

rently being encountered, the system is falling
into disuse.
The relations among common Pearson symbols,
space groups, structure prototypes, and Struktur-
bericht designations for crystal systems are given
in various tables in the Appendix. Crystal-
lographic information for the metallic elements
can be found in the table of allotropes in the

-
Appendix; data for intermetallic phases of the
systems included in this Volume are listed with
the phase diagrams. Crystallographic data for an B Time
Composition
exhaustive list of intermediate phases are pre-
sented in 91Vil (see the Bibliography at the end
of this Introduction). Fig. 27 ldeal freezing curve of a solid-solution alloy
Solid-Solution Mechanisms. There are only
two mechanisms by which a crystal can dissolve
atoms of a different element. If the atoms of the
solute element are sufficiently smaller than the
atoms comprising the solvent crystal, the solute
atoms can fit into the spaces between the larger
atoms to form an interstitial solid solution (see
Fig. 23a). The only solute atoms small enough to
fit into the interstices of metal crystals, however,
are hydrogen, nitrogen, carbon, and boron. (The
other small-diameter atoms, such as oxygen, tend
to form compounds with metals rather than dis-
solve in them.) The rest of the elements dissolve
in solid metals by replacing a solvent atom at a
lattice point to form a substitutional solid solution
(see Fig. 23b). When both small and large solute
atoms are present, the solid solution can be both
interstitial and substitutional. The addition of for-
eign atoms by either mechanism results in distor-
tion of the crystal lattice and an increase in its
internal energy. This distortion energy causes
some hardening and strengthening of the alloy,
called solution hardening. The solvent phase be- Composition
comes saturated with the solute atoms andreaches
its limit of homogeneity when the distortion en- Time +
ergy reaches a critical value determined by the
thermodynamics of the system. Fig' *' Ideal freezing curves of (1 a hypoeutectic alloy, (2) a eutectic alloy, and (3) a hypereutecticalloy superimposed
on a portion of a eutectic phase diagram. Source: Adapted from 66Pri
 Introduction to Alloy Phase Diagrams11*I7

tions across the diagram, the shape of the liquidus

curves and the eutectic temperature of eutectic
system can be determined (see Fig. 28). Cooling
curves can be similarlv used to investigate " all
other types of phase boindaries.
Differential thermal analysis is a technique used
to increase test sensitivity by measuring-the dif-
ference between the temperature of the sample
and a reference material that does not undergo
phase transformation in the temperature range
being investigated.
Crystal Properties. X-ray diffraction methods
are used to determine both crystal structure and
lattice parameters of solid phases present in a
system at various temperatures (phase identifica-
tion). Lattice parameter scans across a phase field
are useful in determining the limits of homogene-
ity of the phase; the parameters change with
changing composition within the single-phase
field, but they remain constant once the boundary
is crossed into a two-phase field.
Physical Properties. Phase transformations
within a sample are usually accompanied by
changes in its physical properties (linear dimen-
sions and specific volume, electrical properties,
magnetic properties, hardness, etc.). Plots of these
Composition Composition changes versus temperature or composition can
be used in a manner similar to cooling curves to
(c) (a locate phase boundaries.
Metallographic Methods. Metallography can
Fig. 29 Poflion of a binary phase diagram containing a two-phase liquid-plus-sol~dfield illustrating (a) the lever rule be used in many ways to aid in phase diagram
and its application to (b) equilibrium freezing, (c) nonequilibrium freezing and (dl heating of a homogenized
sample. Source: 56Rhi
determination. The most important problem with
metallographic methods is that they usually rely
on rapid quenching to preserve (or indicate) el;-
vated-temperature microstructures for room-tem-
perature observation. Hot-stage metallography,
..
however, is an alternative. The a ~ ~ l i c a t i oofn
metallographic techniques is discussed in the sec-
tion on reading phase diagrams.
Thermodynamic Modeling. Because a phase
diagram is a representation of the thermodynamic
relationships between competing phases, it is
theoretically possible to determine a diagram by
considering the behavior of relevant Gibbs en-
ergy functions for each phase present in the sys-
tem and physical models for the reactions in the
system. How this can be accomplished is demon-
strated for the simple problem of complete solid
miscibility shown in Fig. 13.The models required
to calculate the possible boundaries in the more
complicated diagrams usually encountered are, of
course, also more complicated, and involve the
use of the equations governing solutions and so-
lution interaction originally developed for physi-
~ i30~Alternative
. systems for showing phase relationships in multiphase regions of ternary diagram isothermal cal chemistry. Although modeling alone cannot
sections. (a) Tie lines. (b) Phase-fraction lines. Source: 84Mor produce a reliable phase diagram, it is a powerful
technique for validating those portions of a phase
diagram already derived from experimental data.
liquid field). The shape of the resulting curves of illustrated in the cooling and heating curves In addition, modeling can be used to estimate the
temperature versus time are then analyzed for shown in Fig. 26, where the effects of both super- relations in areas of diagrams where no experi-
deviations from the smooth curve found for ma- cooling and superheating can be seen. The dip in mental data exist, allowing much more efficient
terials undergoing no phase changes (see Fig. 24). the cooling curve often found at the start of freez- design of subsequent experiments.
When a pure element is cooled through its freez- ing is caused by a delay in the start of crystal-
ing temperature, its temperature is maintained lization.
near that temperature until freezing is complete The continual freezing that occurs during cool- Reading Phase Diagrams
(see Fig. 25). The true freezing/melting tempera- ing through a two-phase liquid-plus-solid field
ture, however, is difficult to determine from a results in a reduced slope to the curve between the CompositionScales. Phase diagrams to be used
cooling curve because of the nonequilibrium con- liquidus and solidus temperatures (see Fig. 27). by scientists are usually plotted in atomic percent-
ditions inherent in such a dynamic test. This is By preparing several samples having composi- age (or mole fraction), while those to be used by
1.1 8/lntroduction to Alloy Phase Diagrams
equilibrium by employing the lever rule. The parallel tie lines in the two-phase fields of isother-
lever rule is amathematical expressionderived by mal sections (see Fig. 30a) are replaced with sets
the principle of conservation of matter in which of curving lines of equal phase fraction (Fig. 30b).
the phase amounts can be calculated from the bulk Note that the phase-fraction lines extend through
composition of the alloy and compositions of the the three-phase region, where they appear as a
conjugate phases, as shown in Fig. 29(a). mangular network. As with tie lines, the number
At the left end of the line between a1 and Li, of phase-fraction lines used is up to the individual
the bulk composition is Y% component B and 100 using the diagram. Although this approach to
- Y% component A, and consists of 100% a solid reading diagrams may not seem helpful for such
solution. As the percentage of component B in the a simple diagram, it can be a useful aid in more
bulk composition moves to the right, some liquid complicated systems. For more information on
appears along with the solid. With further in- this topic, see 84Mor and 9 1Mor.
creases in the amount of B in the alloy, more of Solidification. Tie lines and the lever rule can
the mixture consists of liquid, until the material be used to understand the freezing of a solid-so-
becomes entirely liquid at the right end of the tie lution alloy. Consider the series of tie lines at
line. At bulk composition X, which is less than different temperatures shown in Fig. 29(b), all of
halfway to point L1, there is more solid present which intersect the bulk composition X. The first
than liquid. According to the lever rule, the per- crystals to freeze have the composition al.As the
centages of the two phases present can be calcu- temperature is reduced to T2 and the solid crystals
~ i 31~ .
Copper alloy C71500 (copper nickel, 30%) lated as follows: grow, more A atoms are removed from the liquid
ingot. Dendritic structure shows coring: light
areas are nickel rich; dark areas are low in nickel. 20x. than B atoms, thus shifting the composition of the
Source: 85ASM length of line ~ I X I remaining liquid to L2. Therefore, during freez-
% liquid = x 100
length of line a1L1 ing, the compositions of both the layer of solid
freezing out on the crystals and the remaining
engineers are usually plotted in weight percent- length of lineXlLl
% solid a = x 100 liquid continuously shift to higher B contents and
age. Conversions between weight and atomic length of line a1L1
become leaner in A. Therefore, for equilibrium to
composition also can be made using the equations be maintained, the solid crystals must absorb B
It should be remembered that the calculated
given in the box below and standard atomic atoms from the liquid and B atoms must migrate
weights listed in the Appendix. amounts of the phases present are either in weight
or atomic percentages and, as shown in the box (diffuse) from the previously frozen material into
Lines and Labels. Magnetic transitions (Curie subsequently deposited layers. When this hap-
on page 29, do not directly indicate the area or
temperature and N&l temperature) and uncertain pens, the average composition of the solid mate-
volume percentages of the phases observed in
or speculative boundaries are usually shown in rial follows the solidus line to temperature T4,
phase diagrams as nonsolid lines of various types. microstructures.
Phase-FractionLines. Reading the phase rela- where it equals the bulk composition of the alloy.
The components of metallic systems, which usu- Coring. If cooling takes place too rapidly for
ally are pure elements, are identified in phase tionships in many ternary diagram sections (and
other types of sections) often can be difficult maintenance of equilibrium, the successive layers
diagrams by their symbols. (The symbols used for
because of the great many lines and areas present. deposited on the crystals will have a range of local
chemical elements are listed in the Appendix.)
Phase-fraction lines are used by some to simplify compositions from their centers to their edges (a
Allotropes of polymorphic elements are distin-
this task. In this approach, the sets of often non- condition known as coring).The development of
guished by small (lower-case) Greek letter pre-
f ~ e s(The
. Greek alphabet appears in the Appen-
dix.)
Terminal solid phases are normally designated
by the symbol (in parentheses) for the allotrope
of the component element, such as (Cr) or (aTi). Composition Conversions
Continuous solid solutions are designated by the
names of both elements, such as (Cu,Pd) or
(PTi,PY). The following equations can be used to make conversions in binary systems:
Intermediate phases in phase diagrams are nor-
mally labeled with small (lower-case) Greek let- at.% A x at. wt of A
ters. However, certain Greek letters are conven- wt% A = x 100
(at.% A x at. wt of A) + (at.% B x at. wt of B)
tionally used for certain phases, particularly
disordered solutions: for example, P for disor-
dered bcc, 6 or E for disordered cph, y for the wt% A I at. wt of A
y-brass-type structure, and o for the crCrFe-type at.% A = x 100
(at.% A I at. wt of A) + (wt% B I at. wt of B)
structure.
For line compounds, a stoichiometric phase
name is used in preference to a Greek letter (for The equation for converting from atomic percentages to weight percentages in higher-order systems is similar
example, A2B3 rather than 6). Greek letter pre- to that for binary systems, except that an additional term is added to the denominator for each additional
component. For ternary systems, for example:
fmes are used to indicate high- and low-tempera-
ture forms of the compound (for example, aA2B3
for the low-temperature form and PA2B3 for the at.% A x at. wt of A
A=
high-temperature form). (at.% A x at. wt of A) + (at.% B x at. wt of B) + (at.% C x at. wt of C)
Lever Rule. As explained in the section on the
features of phase diagrams, a tie line is an imagi-
nary horizontal line drawn in a two-phase field wt%AIat.wtofA
at.% A = x loo
connecting two points that represent two coexist- (wt% A / at. wt of A) + (wt% B /at. wt of B) + (wt% C / at. wt of C)
ing phases in equilibrium at the temperature indi-
cated by the line. Tie lines can be used to deter- Theconversion from weight to atomic percentages for higher-order systems is ea\y to accomplish on a computer
mine the fractional amounts of the phases in with a spreadsheet program.
 Introduction to Alloy Phase Diagrams11e l 9
this condition is illustrated in Fig. 29(c). Without Liquation also can have a deleterious effect on voids that decrease the strength of the sample.
diffusion of B atoms from the material that solidi- the mechanical properties (and microstructure) of Homogenization heat treatment will eliminate the
fied at temperature TIinto the material freezing the sample after it returns to room temperature. coring, but not the voids.
at T2, the average composition of the solid formed This is illustrated in Fig. 29(d) for a homogenized Eutectic Microstructures. When an alloy of
up to that point will not follow the solidus line. sample. If homogenized alloy X is heated into the eutectic composition (such as alloy 2 in Fig. 28)
Instead it will remain to the left of the solidus, liquid-plus-solid region for some reason (inad- is cooled from the liquid state, the eutectic reac-
following compositions a'l through - a's. Note vertently or during welding, etc.), it will begin to tion occurs at the eutectic temperature, where the
that final freezing does not occur until tempera- melt when it reaches temperature T2; the first two distinct liquidus curves meet. At this tempera-
ture Ts, which means that nonequilibrium solidi- liquid to appear will have the composition L2. ture, both a and P solid phases must deposit on
fication takes place over a greater temperature When the sample is heated at normal rates to the grain nuclei until all of the liquid is converted
range than equilibrium freezing. Because most temperature T i , the liquid formed so far will have to solid. This simultaneous deposition results in
metals freeze by the formation and growth of a composition L1, but the solid will not have time microstructures made up of distinctively shaped
"treelike" crystals, called dendrites, coring is to reach the equilibrium composition al. The particles of one phase in a matrix of the other
sometimes called dendritic segregation. An ex- average composition will instead lie at some in- phase, or alternate layers of the two phases. Ex-
ample of cored dendrites is shown in Fig. 31. termediate value, such as a'l. According to the amples of characteristic eutectic microstructures
Liquation. Because the lowest freezing mate- lever rule, this means that less than the equilib- include spheroidal, nodular, or globular; acicular
rial in a cored microstructure is segregated to the rium amount of liquid will form at this tempera- (needles) or rod; and lamellar (platelets, Chinese
edges of the solidifying crystals (the grain ture. If the sample is then rapidly cooled from script or dendritic, or filigreed). Each eutectic
boundaries), this material can remelt when the temperature TI, solidification will occur in the alloy has its own characteristic microstructure
alloy sample is heated to temperatures below the normal manner, with a layer of material having when slowly cooled (see Fig. 32). More rapid
equilibrium solidus line. If grain-boundary melt- composition a1 deposited on existing solid cooling, however, can affect the microstructure
ing (called liquation, or "burning") occurs while grains. This is followed by layers of increasing B obtained (see Fig. 33). Care must be taken in
the sample also is under stress, such as during hot content up to composition as at temperature T3, characterizing eutectic structures, because elon-
forming, the liquefied grain boundaries will rup- where all of the liquid is converted to solid. This gated particles can appear nodular and flat plate-
ture and the sample will lose its ductility and be produces coring in the previously melted regions lets can appear elongated or needlelike when
characterized as hot short. along the grain boundaries, and sometimes even viewed in cross section.
If the alloy has a composition different from the
eutectic composition (such as alloy 1 or 3 in Fig.
28), the alloy will begin to solidify before the
eutectic temperature is reached. If the alloy is
hypoeutectic (such as alloy I), some dendrites of
a will form in the liquid before the remaining
liquid solidifies at the eutectic temperature. If the
alloy is hypereutectic (such as alloy 3), the first
(primary) material to solidify will be dendrites of
f3. The microstructure produced by slow cooling
of a hypoeutectic and hypereutectic alloy will
consist of relatively large particles of primary
constituent, consisting of the phase that begins to
freeze first surrounded by relatively fine eutectic
structure. In many instances, the shape of the
particles will show a relationship to theirdendritic
origin (see Fig. 34a). In other instances, the initial
dendrites will have filled out somewhat into idio-
morphic particles (particles having their own
characteristic shape) that reflect the crystal struc-
ture of the phase (see Fig. 34b).
As stated earlier, cooling at a rate that does not
allow sufficient time to reach equilibrium condi-
tions will affect the resulting microstructure. For
example, it is possible for an alloy in a eutectic
system to obtain some eutectic structure in an
alloy outside the normal composition range for
such a structure. This is illustrated in Fig. 35. With
relatively rapid cooling of alloy X, the composi-
tion of t h solid
~ material that forms will follow
line a1 -a4rather than the solidus line to w. As a
result, the last liquid to solidify will have the
eutectic composition Lq,rather than L3, and will
form some eutectic structure in the microstruc-
ture. The question of what takes place when the
temperature reaches T5 is discussed later.
Eutectoid Microstructures. Because the diffu-
sion rates of atoms are so much lower in solids
Fig. 32 Examples of characteristic eutectic microstructures i n slowly cooled alloys. (a) 50%-501n alloy showing than in liquids, nonequilibrium uansformation is
globules of tin-rich intermetallic phase (light) in a matrix of dark indium-rich intermetallic phase. 150x. (b)
Al-l3Si alloy showing an acicular structure consisting of short, angular particles of silicon (dark) in a matrix of aluminum. even more important in solid/solid reactions
200x. (c) AI-33Cu alloy showing a lamellar structure consisting of dark platelets of CuAIz and light platelets of aluminum (such as the eutectoid reaction) than in liq-
solid solution. 1%OX.(d)Mg-37% alloy showing a lamellar structureconsisting of MgzSn "Chinese script" (dark) In a matrix uid/solid reactions (such as the eutectic reaction).
of magnesium solid solution. 250x. Source: 85ASM
With slow cooling through the eutectoid tempera-
le2O/lntroduction to Alloy Phase Diagrams
cles are difficult to distinguish in the microstruc-
ture. Instead, there usually is only a general dark-
ening of the structure. If sufficient time is al-
lowed, the p regions will break away from their
host grains of a and precipitate as distinct parti-
cles, thereby relieving the lattice strain and return-
ing the hardness and strength to the former levels.
This process is illustrated for a simple eutectic
system, but it can occur wherever similar condi-
tions exist in a phase diagram; that is, there is a
range of alloy compositions in the system for
which there is a transition on cooling from a
single-solid region to a region that also contains
a second solid phase, and where the boundary
between the regions slopes away from the corn-
Fig.33 Effect of cooling rate on the microstructure of Sn-37Pb alloy (eutectic soft solder). (a) Slowly cooled sample
position line as cooling continues. Several exam-
shows a lamellar structure consistingof dark platelets of lead-rich solid solution and light platelets of tin. 375x. ples of such systems are shown schematically in
(b) More r a ~ i d l vcooled sample shows globules of lead-rich solid solution, some of which exhibit a slightly dendritic Fig. 38.
structure. i n a matrix of tin. 375x. Source: 85ASM Although this entire process is calledprecipita-
tion hardening, the term normally refers only to
the portion before much actual precipitation takes
place. Because the process takes some time, the
term age hardening is often used instead. The rate
at which aging occurs depends on the level of
supersaturation (how far from equilibrium), the
amount of lattice strain originally developed
(amount of lattice mismatch), the fraction left to
be relieved (how far along the process has pro-
gressed), and the aging temperature (the mobility
of the atoms to migrate). The P precipitate usually
takes the form of small idiomorphic particles
situated along the grain boundaries and within the
grains of aphase. In most instances, the particles
are more or less uniform in size and oriented in a
systematic fashion. Examples of precipitation mi-
crostructures are shown in Fig. 39.

Examples of Phase Diagrams

~ i34 ~Examples
. of primary particle shape. (a) Sn-30Pb hypoeutecticalloy showing dendritic particles of tin-rich solid The general principles of reading alloy phase
solution in a matrix of tin-lead eutectic. 500x. (b) AI-19Si hypereutectic alloy, phosphorus-modified, showing diagrams are discussed in the preceding section.
idiomorphic particles of silicon in a matrix of aluminum-silicon eutectic. 100x. Source: 85ASM The application of these principles to actual dia-
grams for typical alloy systems is illustrated be-
ture, most alloys of eutectoid composition, such similar to that described in the discussion of eu- low.
as alloy 2 in Fig. 36, transform from a single- tectic and eutectoid reactions to determine the The Copper-Zinc System. The metallurgy of
phase microstructure to a lamellar structure con- microstructures expected to result from cooling brass alloys has long been of great commercial
sisting of alternate platelets of a and p arranged an alloy through any of the other six types of importance. The copper and zinc contents of five
in (or "colo~ies"). The appea&ce of this reactions listed in Table 1. of the most common wrought brasses are:
structure is very similar to lamellar eutectic struc- Solid-state Precipitation. If alloy X in Fig. 35
ture (see Fig. i7). When found in cast irons and is homogenized at a temperature between T3 and
steels, this structure is called "pearlite" because T5, it will reach an equilibrium condition; that is,
of its shiny mother-of-pearl appearance under the the p portion of the eutectic constituent will dis- Zinc content, wt%
UNS N a Common name Nominal R a p
microscope (especially under oblique illurnina- solve and the microstructure will consist solely of
tion); when similar eutectoid structure is found in a grains. IJpon cooling below temperature Ts, C23000 Red brass, 85% 15 14.0-16.0
nonferrous alloys, it often is called "pearlite-like" this microstructure will no longer represent equi- C24000 Low brass, 80% 20 18.5-21.5
or "pearlitic." librium conditions, but instead will be supersatu- C26000 Camidge brass, 30 28.5-3 1.5
70%
The terms hypoeutectoid and hypereutectoid rated with B atoms. In order for the sample to C27000 Yellow brass, 35 32.5-37.0
have the same relationship to the eutectoid com- return to equilibrium, some of the B atoms will 65%
position as hypoeutectic and hypereutectic do in tend to congregate in various regions of the sam- C28000 Muntz metal, 40 37.041.0
a eutectic system; alloy 1 in Fig. 36 is a hypoeu- ple to form colonies of new P material. The B 60%
tectoid alloy, whereas alloy 3 is hypereutectoid. atoms in some of these colonies, called Guinier-
The solid-state transformation of such alloys Preston zones, will drift apart, while other colo- As can be seen in Fig. 40, these alloys encompass
takes place in two steps, much like the freezing of nies will grow large enough to form incipient, but a wide range of the copper-zinc phase diagram.
hypoeutectic and hypereutectic alloys, except that not distinct, particles. The difference in crystal The alloys on the high-copper end (red brass, low
the microconstituents that form before the eutec- structures and lattice parameters between the a brass, and cartridge brass) lie within the copper
toid temperature is reached are referred to as and p phases causes lattice strain at the boundary solid-solution phase field and are called alpha
proeutectoid constituents rather than "primary." between the two materials, thereby raising the brasses after the old designation for this field. As
Microstructures of Other Invariant Reac- total energy level of the sample and hardening and expected, the microstructure of these brasses con-
tions. Phase diagrams can be used in a manner strengthening it. At this stage, the incipient parti- sists solely of grains of copper solid solution (see
 Introduction to Alloy Phase Diagrams/l*21

B
Composition + A Composition 4
Fig. 35 Schematic binary phase diagram, illustrating the effect of cool~ngrate on an
Fig. 36 Schematic binary phase diagram of a euteaoid system. Source: Adapted from
alloy lying outside the equilibrium eutectic transformation line. Rap~dsolidifi-
56Rhi
cation into a terminal phase field can result in some eutectic structure being formed;
homogenization at temperatures in the single-phase field will eliminate the eutectic
structure; (3 phase will precipitate out of solution uuon slow cooling into the a-plus-p field.
Source: Adapted from 56Rhi

Fig. 41a). The strain on the copper crystals caused aluminum solid solution and the 8 (A12Cu) phase. equilibrium conditions drastically decreases,
by the presence of the zinc atoms, however, pro- This family of alloys (designated the 2wxr series) reaching less than 1% at room temperature. This
duces solution hardening in the alloys. As a result, has nominal copper contents ranging from 2.3 to is the typical shape of the solvus line for precipi-
the strength of the brasses, in both the work-hard- 6.3 wt%, making them hypoeutectic alloys. tation hardening; if any of these alloys are ho-
ened and the annealed conditions, increases with A critical feature of this region of the diagram mogenized at temperatures in or near the solid-
increasing zinc content. is the shape of the aluminum solvus line. At the solution phase field, they can be strengthened by
The composition range for those brasses con- eutectic temperature (548.2 "C, or 1018.8 OF), aging at a substantially lower temperature.
taining higher amounts of zinc (yellow brass and 5.65 wt% Cu will dissolve in aluminum. At lower The Titanium-Aluminum, Titanium-Chro-
Muntz metal), however, overlaps into the two- temperatures, however, the amount of copper that rnium, and Titanium-Vanadium Systems. The
phase (Cu)-plus-P field. Therefore, the micro- can remain in the aluminum solid solution under phase diagrams of titanium systems are domi-
structure of these so-called alpha-beta alloys
shows various amounts of p phase (see Fig. 4 1b
and c), and their strengths are further increased
over those of the alpha brasses.
The Aluminum-Copper System. Another al-
loy system of great commercial importance is
aluminum-copper. Although the phase diagram of
this system is fairly complicated (see Fig. 42), the
alloys of concern in this discussion are limited to
the region at the aluminum side of the diagram
where a simple eutectic is formed between the
Misc~bilitygap Sloping solvus. Proeutectoid
ao-Au, + a? decreasing solid reaction
solubility with Po-u + B
decreasing temperature
~r,-cu i

lntermedlate
phase

lntermedlate Promonotectoid; similar Heterogeneous

phase to miscibil~tygap ordering; y IS
lo-4 + 0 wo+u, + Uz an ordered phase
Fig.37 Fe-0.8C alloy showing a typical pearlite eutec- u,-+u + y
told structure of alternate layers of light ferrite
and dark cementite. 500x. Source: 85ASM Fig. 38 Examples of blnary phase diagrams that glve rlse to preclpltatlon reactions Source. 85ASM

- - -. -
1022/lntroduction to Alloy Phase Diagrams

nated by the fact that there are two allotropic

forms of solid titanium: cph aTi is stable at room
temperature and up to 882 OC (1620 OF); bcc PTi
is stable from 882 OC (1620 OF) to the melting
temperature. Most alloying elements used in
commercial titanium alloys can be classified as
alpha stabilizers (such as aluminum) or beta sta-
bilizers (such as vanadium and chromium), de-
pending on whether the allotropic transformation
temperature is raised or lowered by the alloying
addition (see Fig. 43). Beta stabilizers are further
classified as those that are completely miscible
with PTi (such as vanadium, molybdenum, tanta-
lum, and niobium) and those that form eutectoid
systems with titanium (such as chromium and
iron). Tin and zirconium also are often alloyed in
titanium, but instead of stabilizing either phase,
they have extensive solubilities in both aTi and
PTi. The microstructures of commercial titanium
alloys are complicated, because most contain
more than one of these four types of alloying
elements.
The Iron-Carbon System. The iron-carbon
diagram maps out the stable equilibrium condi-
tions between iron and the graphitic form of car-
bon (see Fig. 44). Note that there are three allo-
tropic forms of solid iron: the low-temperature
phase, a ; the medium-temperature phase, y, and
the high-temperaturephase, 6. In addition, femtic
iron undergoes a magnetic phase transition at 77 1
OC (1420 OF) between the low-temperatureferro-
magnetic state and the higher-temperature para-
magnetic state. The common name for bcc a-iron
is "femte" (fromferwn, Latin for "iron"); the fcc
y phase is called "austenite" after William
Roberts-Austen; bcc &iron is also commonly
called femte, because (except for its temperature
range) it is the same as a-iron. The main feature
of the iron-carbon diagram is the presence of both ~ i39~Examples
. of characteristicprecipitation microstructures. (a) General and grain-boundary precipitation of Co3Ti
(7' phase) in a Co-12FedTi alloy aged 3 x 10' min at 800 "C (1470 OF). 1260x. (b) General precipitation
a eutectic and a eutectoid reaction, along with the (intragranularWidmanstatten) and localized grain-boundary precipitation in an AI-18Ag alloy aged 90 h at 375 "C (710
great difference between the solid solubilities of O F ) , with a distina precipitation-free zone near the grain boundaries. 500x. (c) Preferential, or localized, precipitation

carbon in ferrite and austenite. It is these features along grain boundaries in a Ni-2OCr-1AI alloy. 500x. (d) Cellular, or discontinuous, precipitation growing out uniformly
from the grain boundaries in an Fe-24.8Zn alloy aged 6 min at 600 OC (1110 OF). 1000x. Source: 85ASM
that allow such a wide variety of microstructures
and mechanical properties to be developed in Atomic Percent Zlnc
iron-carbon alloys through proper heat treatment.
The Iron-Cementite System. In the solidifica-
tion of steels, stable equilibriumconditionsdo not
exist. Instead, any carbon not dissolved in the iron
is tied up in the form of the metastable interme-
tallic compound, Fe3C (also called cementite be-
cause of its hardness), rather than remaining as
free graphite (see Fig. 45). It is, therefore, the
ironcementite phase diagram, rather than the
iron-carbon diagram, that is important to indus-
mal metallurgy. It should be remembered, how-
ever, that although cementite is an extremely en-
during phase, given sufficient time, or the
presence of a catalyzing substance, it will break
down to iron and carbon. In cast irons, silicon is
the catalyzing agent that allows free carbon
(flakes, nodules, etc.) to appear in the microstruc-
ture (see Fig. 46).
The boundary lines on the ironcarbon and iron-
cementite diagrams that are important to the heat
treatment of steel and cast iron have been as-
signed special designations, which have been
found useful in describing the treatments. These Welght P e r c e n t Z i n c Zn
lines, where thermal amst takes place during Fig.40 :he copper-zinc phase diagram, showing the composition range for five common brasses. Source: Adapted
heating or cooling due to a solid-state reaction, rom 90Mas
 Introduction to Alloy Phase Diagrarns/l*23

,' <--/y-\>

~ i41 ~The .microstructures of two common brasses. (a) C26000 (cartridgebrass, 70%), hot rolled, annealed, cold rolled 70%, and annealed at 638 "C (1 180 OF), showing equiaxed
grains of copper solid solution. Some grains are twinned. 75x. (b) C28OOO (Muntz metal, 60%) ingot, showing dendrites of copper solid solution in a matrix of P. 200x. (c)
C28000 (Muntz metal, 60x1, showing feathers of copper solid solution that formed at P grain boundaries during quenching of the all-P structure. loox. Source: 85ASM

are assigned the letter "A" for arrgt (French for sisting of carbide and transformed austenite, plus microstructures that result from these treatments
"arrest"). These designations are shown in Fig. carbide precipitated from austenite and particles is beyond the scope of a discussion of stable and
45. To further differentiate the lines, an "e" is of free carbon. For slowly cooled hypereutectic metastable equilibrium phase diagrams. Phase
added to identify those indicating the changes cast iron (between 4.3 and 6.67% C), the micro- diagrams are invaluable, however, when design-
occurring at equilibrium (to give Ael, Ae3, Ae4, structure shows primary particles of carbide and ing heat treatments. For example, normalizing is
and Ae,). Also, because the temperatures at free carbon, plus grains of m s f o r m e d austenite. usually accomplished by air cooling from about
which changes actually occur on heating or cool- Cast irons and steels, of course, are not used in 55 OC (100 OF) above the upper transformation
ing are displaced somewhat from the equilibrium their slowly cooled as-cast condition. Instead, temperature (A3 for hypoeutectoid alloys and Acm
values, the"e9' is replaced with "c" (for chauffage, they are more rapidly cooled from the melt, then for hypereutectoid alloys). Full annealing is done
French for "heating") when identlfying the subjected to some type of heat treatment and, for by controlled cooling from about 28 to 42 OC (50
slightly higher temperatures associated with wrought steels, some type of hot and/or cold to 75 OF) above A3 for both hypoeutectoid and
changes that occur on heating. Likewise, "en is work. The great variety of microconstituents and hypereutectoid alloys. All tempering and process
replaced with "r" (for refroidissement, French for
"cooling") when identlfying those slightly lower
temperatures associated with changes occurring
on cooling. These designations are convenient Atomic P e r c e n t Copper
terms because they are used not only for binary
alloys of iron and carbon, but also for commercial
steels and cast irons, regardless of the other ele-
ments present in them. Alloying elements such as
manganese, chromium, nickel, and molybdenum,
however, do affect these temperatures (mainly
A3). For example, nickel lowers A3, whereas
chromium raises it.
The microstructures obtained in steels by
slowly cooling are as follows. At carbon contents
from 0.007 to 0.022%, the microstructure consists
of ferrite grains with cementite precipitated in
from fenite, usually in too fine a form to be visible
by light microscopy. (Because certain other metal
atoms that may be present can substitute for some
of the iron atoms in Fe3C, the more general term,
"carbide," is often used instead of "cementite"
when describing microstructures.) In the hypoeu-
tectoid range (from 0.022 to 0.76% C), fenite and
pearlite grains constitute the microstructure. In
the hypereutectoid range (from 0.76 to 2.14% C),
pearlite grains plus carbide precipitated from
austenite are visible.
Slowly cooled hypoeutectic cast irons (from
2.14 to 4.3% C) have a microstructure consisting Al Weight Percent Copper
of dendritic pearlite grains (transformed from
hypoeutectic primary austenite) and grains of ~ i42 ~ .
The alum~num-copper
phase d~agram,show~ngthe cornposltlon range for the 2xxx serles of prec~p~tat~on-har
iron-cementite eutectic (called "ledeburite") con- denable alummum alloys Source: 90Mas
1*24/lntroduction to Alloy Phase Diagrams
A t o m ~ cP e r c e n t Alumlnum Atomlc P e r c e n t Vanadlum
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 ,ool-- 20 30L 40 - 50

_.--.
__--
_/-

__--__---
_/-

1700
1870.C ___---
____-----
1805.C
1500

TI Weight P e r c e n t Alurnlnum A1 TI Weight P e r c e n t Vanadlum V

Atomlc P e r c e n t C h r o m l u m
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 GO 90 1
2000

1800

1870Y
1600

U
2a 1400
a
a
Q
a 1200

C
E
1000

882.1
800

GOO

TI Welght P c r c e n t C h r o m ~ u r n Cr

~ i43 ~Three. representative binary titanium phase diagrams, showing alpha stabilization (Ti-AI), beta stabilization with complete miscibility (Ti-V), and beta stabilization with a
eutectoid reaction (Ti-Cr). Source: 90Mas

annealing operations are done at temperatures with aFe. This continuous bcc phase field con- steel, which contains about 8% Ni, is an all-
below the lower transformation temperature (Al). firms that &ferrite is the same as a-femte. The austenite alloy at 900 OC (1652 OF), even though
Austenitizing is done at a temperature sufficiently nonexistence of y-iron in Fe-Cr alloys having it also contains about 18% Cr.
above A3 and &, to ensure complete transforma- more than about 13% Cr, in the absence of carbon,
tion to austenite, but low enough to prevent grain is an important factor in both the hardenable and
growth from being too rapid. nonhardenable grades of iron-chromium stain- Practical Applications of Phase
The Iron-Chromium-Nickel System. Many less steels. At these lower temperatures, a material Diagrams
commercial cast irons and steels contain femte- known as sigma phase also appears in different
stabilizing elements (such as silicon, chromium, amounts from about 14 to 90% Cr. Sigma is a The following are but a few of the many in-
molybdenum, and vanadium) and/or austenite hard, brittle phase and usually should be avoided stances where phase diagrams and phase relation-
stabilizers (such as manganese and nickel). The in commercial stainless steels. Formation of ships have proved invaluable in the efficient solv-
diagram for the binary iron-chromium system is sigma, however, is time dependent; long periods ingof praJical metallurgical problems.
representative of the effect of a femte stabilizer at elevated temperatures are usually required.
(see Fig. 47). At temperatures just below the The diagram for the binary iron-nickel system Alloy Design
solidus, bcc chromium forms a continuous solid is representative of the effect of an austenite sta-
solution with bcc (6) ferrite. At lower tempera- bilizer (see Fig. 47). The fcc nickel forms a con- Age Hardening Alloys. One of the earliest uses
tures, the y-iron phase appears on the iron side of tinuous solid solution with fcc (y) austenite that of phase diagrams in alloy development was in
the diagram and forms a "loop" extending to dominates the diagram, although the a-ferrite the suggestion in 1919 by the U.S. Bureau of
about 11.2% Cr. Alloys containing up to 11.2% phase field extends to about 6% Ni. The diagram Standards that precipitation of a second phase
Cr, and sufficient carbon, are hardenable by for the ternary iron-chromium-nickel system from solid solution would harden an alloy. The
quenching from temperatures within the loop. shows how the addition of ferrite-stabilizing age hardening of certain aluminum-copper alloys
At still lower temperatures, the bcc solid solu- chromium affects the iron-nickel system (see Fig. (then called "Duralumin" alloys) had been acci-
tion is again continuous bcc ferrite, but this time 48). As can be seen, the popular 18-8 stainless dentally discovered in 1904, but this process was
 Introduction to Alloy Phase Diagramdl 025

Atomic Percent Carbon composition away from the PMn phase field. The
carbon addition also would further stabilize the
austenite phase, permitting reduced manganese
O - 0 -
content. With this information, the composition
of the alloy was modified to 7 to 10% ~ l30, to
35% Mn,and 0.75 to 1%C, with the balance iron.
It had good mechanical properties, oxidation re-
sistance, and moderate stainlessness.
Permanent Magnets. A problem with perma-
nent magnets based on Fe-Nd-B is that they show
high magnetization and coercivity at room tem-
perature, but unfavorable properties at higher
temperatures. Because hard magnetic properties
are limited by nucleation of severed magnetic
domains, the surface and interfaces of grains in
the sintered and heat-treated material are the con-
trolling factor. Therefore, the effects of alloying
additives on the phase diagrams and microstruc-
tural development of the Fe-Nd-B alloy system
plus additives were studied. These studies
showed that the phase relationships and domain-
nucleation difficulties were very unfavorable for
the production of a magnet with good magnetic
Fc Weight P e r c e n t Carbon properties at elevated temperatures by the sinter-
ing method. However, such a magnet might be
Fig. 44 The iron-carbon phase diagram. Source: Adapted from 90Mas produced from Fe-Nd-C material by some other
process, such as melt spinning or bonding (see
91Hay).
thought to be a unique and curious phenomenon. aluminum may substitute for chromium because
The work at the Bureau, however, showed the it stabilizes the a-iron phase (ferrite), leaving Processing
scientific basis of this process (which was dis- only a small y loop (see Fig. 47 and 49). Alumi-
cussed in previous sections of this Introduction). num is known to impart good high-temperature Hacksaw Blades. In the production of hacksaw
This work has now led to the development of oxidation resistance to iron. Next, the literature
blades, a smp of high-speed steel for the cutting
several families of commercial "age hardening" on phase diagrams of the alurninum-iron-manga-
edges is joined to a backing strip of low-alloy steel
alloys covering different base metals. nese system was reviewed, which suggested that by laser or electron beam welding. As a result, a
Austenitic Stainless Steel. In connection with a range of compositions exists where the alloy
very hard martensitic structure forms in the weld
a research project aimed at the conservation of would be austenitic at room temperature. A non-
area that must be softened by heat treatment be-
always expensive, sometimes scarce, materials, magnetic alloy with austenitic structure contain- fore the composite strip can be further rolled or
the question arose: Can manganese and alumi- ing 44% Fe, 45% Mn, and 11% A1 was prepared.
set. To avoid the cost of the heat treatment, an
num be substituted for nickel and chromium in However, it proved to be very brittle, presumably
alternative technique was investigated. This tech-
stainless steels? (In other words, can standard because of the precipitation of a phase based on nique involved alloy additions during welding to
chromium-nickel stainless steels be replaced with P-Mn. By examining the phase diagram for car- create a microstructure that would not require
an austenitic alloy system?) The answer came in bon-iron-manganese (Fig. SO), as well as the dia-
subsequent heat treatment. Instead of expensive
two stages-in both instances with the help of gram for aluminum-carbon-iron, the researcher experiments, several mathematical simulations
phase diagrams. It was first determined that man- determined that the problem could be solved
were made based on additions of various steels or
ganese should be capable of replacing nickel be- through the addition of carbon to the aluminum-
pure metals. In these simulations, the hardness of
cause it stabilizes the y-iron phase (austenite), and iron-manganese system, which would move the

1 (are). t e r n t e
600 ]
2

( Y F ~ ) austemte
.
\ '
k a ~ e )ferrite
. I

Fig. 45 The ~ron-cement~te

phase d~agrarnand detads of the (6Fe) and (aFe) phase f~eldsSource Adapted from 90Mas

-* -------"- .- - -- -- - - - --
1.26/lntroduction to Alloy Phase Diagrams

the weld was determined by combining calcula- mium borides and chromium matrix were made eutectics could be causing the problem. Investi-
tions of the equilibrium phase diagrams and avail- and tested. Subsequent f i e tuning of the compo- gation of the furnace system resulted in the dis-
able information to calculate (assuming the aver- sition to ensure fabricability of welding rods, covery that the tubes conveying protective atrnos-
age composition of the weld) the martensite weldability, and the desired combination of cor- phew to the furnace were made of sulfur-cured
transformation temperatures and amounts of re- rosion, abrasion, and impact resistance led to a rubber, which could result in liquid metal being
tained austenite, untransformed ferrite, and car- patented alloy. formed at temperatures as low as 637 OC (1179
bides formed in the postweld microstructure. Of O F ) (see Fig. 51). Armed with this information, a

those alloy additions considered, chromium was Performance metallurgist solved the problem by substituting
found to be the most efficient (see 91Hay). neoprene for the rubber.
Hardfacing. A phase diagram was used to de- Heating elements made of Nichrome (a nickel- Electric Motor Housings. At moderately high
sign a nickel-base hardfacing alloy for corrosion chromium-iron alloy registered by Driver-Harris service temperatures. cracks developed in electric
and wear resistance. For corrosion resistance, a Company, Inc., Harrison, NJ) in a heat treating motor housings that had been extruded from alu-
matrix of at least 15% Cr was desired; for abra- furnace were failing prematurely. Reference to minum produced from a combination of recycled
sion resistance, a minimum amount of primary nickel-base phase diagrams suggested that low- and virgin metal. Extensive studies revealed that
chromium-boride particles was desired. After melting eutectics can be produced by very small the cracking was caused by small amounts of lead
consulting the B-Cr-Ni phase diagram, a series of quantities of the chalcogens (sulfur, selenium, or and bismuth in therecycled metal reacting to form
samples having acceptable amounts of total chro- tellurium), and it was thought that one of these bismuth-lead eutectic at the grain boundaries at
327 and -270 OC (62 1 and -5 18 OF), respectively,
much below the melting point of pure aluminum
(660.45 OC, or 1220.81 OF) (see Fig. 52). The
question became: How much lead and bismuth
can be tolerated in this instance? The phase dia-
grams showed that aluminum alloys containing
either lead or bismuth in amounts exceeding their
respective solubility limits (<0.05% and -0.2%)
can lead to hot cracking of the aluminum.
Carbide Cutting Tools. A manufacturer of car-
bide cutting tools once experienced serious
trouble with brittleness of the sintered carbide. No
impurities were found. The range of compositions
for cobalt-bonded sintered carbides is shown in
the shaded area of Fig. 53, along the dashed line
connecting pure tungsten carbide (marked "WC")
on the right and pure cobalt at the lower left. At
1400 OC (2552 OF), materials with these compo-
sitions consist of particles of tungsten carbide
suspended in liquid metal. However, when there
is a deficiency of carbon, compositions drop into
the region labeled WC + q + liquid, or the region
Fig. 46 The microstructures of two types of cast irons. (a) As-cast class 30 gray iron, showing type A graphite flakes in
labeled WC + q where tungsten carbide particles
a matrix of pearlite. 500x. (b) As-cast grade 60-45-12 ductile iron, showing graphite nodules (produced by the
addition of a calcium-silicon compound during pouring) in a ferrite matrix. 100x. Source: 85ASM are surrounded by a matrix of q phase. The q

Atornlc Percent C h r o r n ~ u r n Atornlc Percent Nlckel

0 10 20 30 10 50 60 70 80 80 0 10 20 30 40 50 60
1 9 0 0 1 ~ 6 0 0 6

300

Fe Weight P e r c e n t C h r o r n ~ u r n Cr Fe Welght Percent N ~ c k e l NI

Fig. 47 Two representative binary iron phase diagrams, showing ferrite stabilization (Fe-Cr) and austenite stabilization (Fe-Ni).Source: 90Mas
 Introduction to Alloy Phase Diagrams/l.27

problem and its solution, which could have been

avoided had the proper phase diagram been ex-
amined (see Fig. 54).
A question concerning purple plague problems,
however, has remained unresolved: whether or
not the presence of silicon near the gold-alumi-
num interface has an influence on the stability and
rate of formation of the damaging intermetallic
phase. An examination of the phase relationships
in the AI-A12Au-Si subternary system showed no
stable ternary Al-Au-Si phases (see 91Hay). It
was suggested instead that the reported effect of
silicon may be due to a reaction between silicon
and alumina (A1203) at the aluminum-gold inter-
face that becomes thermodynamically feasible in
the presence of gold.
BIBLIOGRAPHY

35Mar: J.S. Marsh, Principles of Phase Dia-

grams, McGraw-Hill, 1935. This out-of-print
book is an early thorough presentation of the
principles of heterogeneous equilibrium in or-
ganic, inorganic salt, and metallic systems.
44Mas: G. Masing (B.A. Rogers, transl.), Ter-
nary Alloys: Introduction to the Theory of Three
Component Systems, Reinhold, 1944; available
from U.M.I,300 North Zeeb Rd., Ann Arbor, MI
481% This out-of-print book, originally pub-
lished in German in 1932, is one of the first to
Weight P e r c e n t Nickel thoroughly discuss the theory underlying ternary
alloy systems and their application to industrial
Fig. 48 The isothermal section at 900 "C (1652 O F ) of the iron-chromium-nickel ternary phase diagram, showing the
alloys.
nominal composition of 18-8 stainless steel. Source: Adapted from Ref 1
56Rhi: EN. Rhines, Phase Diagrams in Metal-
lurgy: Their Development and Application,
McGraw-Hill, 1956. This out-of-print book is a
phase is known to be brittle. The upward adjust- gold lead wires were fused to aluminized transis- basic text designedfor undergraduate students in
ment of the carbon content by only a few hun- tor and integrated circuits. A purple residue was metallurgy.
dredths of a weight percent eliminated this prob- formed, which was thought to be a product of 66Pri: A. Prince, Alloy Phase Equilibria, El-
lem. corrosion. Actually, what was happening was the sevier, 1966. This out-of-print book covers the
Solid-state Electronics. In the early stages of formation of an intermetallic compound, an alu- thermodynamic approach to binary, ternary, and
the solid-state industry, a phenomenon known as minum-gold precipitate (AlzAu) that is purple in quaternary phase diagrams.
the "purple plague" nearly destroyed the fledg- color and very brittle. Millions of actual and 68Gor: P. Gordon, Principles of Phase Dia-
ling industry. Components were failing where the opportunity dollars were lost in identifying the grams in Materials Systems, McGraw-Hill, 1968;

A t o m ~ cP e r c e n t A l u m ~ n u r n
1
0 10 20 30
6
40 50 60
0
70 80
0
00 100
0 uAtornlc P e r c e n t Manganese
p

203 i..---.-.-----
0 0 20 0
..--.
0
Fe W e ~ g h tP e m e n t A l u m l n u m Al Fr Wplght P e r c e n t Manganese Mn

Fig. 49 The alummum-iron and iron-manganese phase diagrams. Source: Ref 2

1.28/lntroduction to Alloy Phase Diagrams

reprinted by Robert E. Krieger Publishing, 1983. 81Goo: D.A. Goodman, J.W. Cahn, and L.H. 85ASM: Metals Handbook, 9th ed.,Vol9, Met-
Covers the thermodynamic basis of phase dia- Bennett, The Centennial of the Gibbs-Konovalov allography and Microstructures, American Soci-
grams; the presentation is aimed at materials Rule for Congruent Points, Bull. Alloy Phase ety for Metals, 1985. A comprehensive reference
engineers and scientists. Diagrams, Vol2 (No. I), 1981,p 29-34. Presents covering terms and definitions, metallographic
70Kau: L. Kaufman and H. Bemstein, Com- the theoretical basis for the rule and its applica- techniques, microstructures of industrial metals
puter Calculations of Phase Diagrams, Aca- tion to phase diagram evaluation. and alloys, and principles of microstructures and
demic Press, 1970.A comprehensivepresentation 81Hil: M. Hillert, A Discussion of Methods of crystal structures.
of thermodynamic modeling with the aid of com- Calculating Phase Diagrams, Bull. Alloy Phase 89Mas: T.B. Massalski, Phase Diagrams in Ma-
puters. Diagrams, Vo12 (No. 3), 1981, p 265-268. Pre- terials Science, ASM News, Vol 20 (No. 7), July
75Gok: N.A. Gokcen, Thermodynamics, Tech- sents a brief description of the various methods 1989, p 8-9. A concise presentation of the role of
science, 1975. Chapter XV discusses the role of for thermodynamic modeling of phase diagrams. phase diagrams in materials science, and the
thermodynamics in phase diagrams and Gibbs 82Pel: A.D. Pelton, W.T. Thompson, and C.W. worldwide efforts ro make reliable diagrams
energy diagrams. Bale, F*A*CYT* (Facility for the Analysisof readily available.
77Luk: H.L. Lukas, E.T. Henig, and B. Zirn- Chemical Thermodynamics), McGill University, 90Mas: T.B. Massalski, Ed., Binary Alloy
merman, Optimization of Phase Diagrams by a 1982. Describes a thermodynamic database and Phase Diagrams, 2nd ed., ASM International,
Least Squares Method Using Simultaneously computerprogram for modeling phase diagrams. 1990. The most comprehensive collection of bi-
Different Types of Data, Calphad, Vol 1 (No. 3), 84Mor: J.E. Moml, Two-Dimensional Phase nary phase diagrams published to date: dia-
1977,p 225-236. Presents the use of a computer- Fraction Charts, Scr Metall., Vol 18 (No. 4), grams for 2965 systems, presented in both atomic
aided program for determining phase boundary 1984, p 407-410. Gives a general description of and weight percent, with crystal data and discus-
lines that best fit scattered data points. phase-fraction charts. sion.
Atorn~c Prrcent Stilfur

Fe Weight Percent Manganese Mn NI Welght Percent Sulfur

Fig. 50 The isothermal section at 1100 "C (2012 O F ) of the iron-manganese-carbon

Fig. 51 The nickel-sulfur phase diagram. Source: Adapted from 90Mas
phase diagram. Source: Adapted from Ref 3

Atomic Percent Bismuth Atomic Percent Lead

(Al) + L

Fig. 52 The aluminum-bismuth and aluminum-lead phase diagrams. Source: Adapted from 90Mas
 Introduction to Alloy Phase Diagrams11029

A1 Weight P r r c e n t Gold Au

The isothermal section at 1400°c (2552"F)ofthecobalt-tungsten-carbon phase Fig. 54 The aluminum-gold phase diagram, Source: Ref 5
Fig. 53 diagram. Source: Adapted from Ref 4

91Hay: F.H. Hayes, Ed., User Aspects of Phase

Diagrams, The Institute of Metals, London, 1991.
A collection of 35 papers and posters presented
Volume Fraction at a conference held June 1990 in Petten, The
Netherlands.
In order to relate the weight fraction of a phase present in an alloy specimen as determined from a phase 91Mor: J.E. M o d and H. Gupta, Phase
diagramto its two-dimensional appearance as observed in a micrograph, it is necessary to be able to convert Boundary, ZPF, and Topological Lines on Phase
between weight-fraction values and areal-fraction values, both in decimal fractions. This conversion can be Diagrams, Scr. MetaU., Vol 25 (No. 6), 1991, p
developed as follows:
1393-1396. Reviews three different ways of con-
The weight fraction of the phase is determined from the phase diagram, using the lever rule.
sidering the lines on a phase diagram.
welght fraction of the phase
910kal: H . Okamoto and T.B. Massalski,
Volume portion of the phase =
phase density Thermodvnamicallv Improbable Phase Dia-
gams, ~.>hase~ G i l i b r i aVol
, 12 (No. 2), 1991,
Total volume of all phases present = sum of the volume portions of each phase.
p 148-168. Presents examples of phase-rule vio-
lations and problems with phase-boundary cur-
vatures; also discusses unusual diagrams.
Volume fraction of the phase =
phase density x total volume
910ka2: H . Okamoto, Reevaluation of Ther-
modynamic Models for Phase Diagram Evalu-
ation, J. Phase Equilibria, Vol 12 (No. 6), 1991,
It has been shown by stereology and quantitative metallography that areal fraction is equal to volume
fraction [UASM]. (Areal fraction of a phase is the sum of areas of the phase intercepted by a microscopic
p 623-643. Reviews the basic principles of ther-
traverse of the observed region of the specimen divided by the total area of the observed region.) Therefore: modynamic calculation of phase diagrams, sim-
plification of thermodynamic models, and reli-
weight fraction of the phase ability of thermodynamic data and parameters;
Areal fraction of the phase = also presents examples of unlikely calculated
phase density x total volume
phase diagrams.
The phase density value for the preceding equation can be obtained by measurement or calculation. The 91Vil: P. Villars and L.D. Calvert, Pearson's
densities of chemical elements, and some line compounds, can be found in the literature. Alternatively, the Handbook of Crystallographic Data for Interme-
density of a unit cell of a phase comprising one or more elements can be calculated from information about diate Phases, ASM International, 1991.This third
its crystal structure and the atomic weights of the elements comprising it as follows: edition of Pearson's comprehensive compilation
includes data from all the international literature
atomic weight from 1913 to 1989.
Weight of each element = number of atoms x
Avogadro's number
O T H E R REFERENCES
Total cell weight = sum of weights of each element 1. G.V. Raynor and V.G. Rivlin, Phase Equili-
bria in Iron Ternary Alloys, Vol 4, The
Density = total cell weight l cell volume Institute of Metals, London, 1988
2. H. Okarnoto, Phase Diagrams of Binary
For example, the calculated density of pure copper, which has a fcc structure and a lattice parameter of Iron Alloys, ASM International, 1992
0.36146 nm, is: 3. R. Benz, J.F. Elliott, and J. Chipman, Met-
all. Trans., Vol4, 1973, p 1449
4. P. Rautala and J.T. Norton, Trans. AIME,
Vol194,1952, p 1047
5. H. Okamoto, Ed., Binary Alloy Phase Dia-
grams Updating Service, ASM Intema-
This compares favorably with the published value of 8.93.
tional, 1992
1.30/lntroduction to Alloy Phase Diagrams

Index of Terms

Age hardening ........................................ Hypereutectic ......................................... Phase rule ...............................................

Allotropy ................................................ Hypereutectoid ....................................... Polymorphic ...........................................
Binary ..................................................... Hypoeutectic .......................................... Precipitation hardening ..........................
Bivariant equilibrium............................. Hypoeutectoid ........................................ Primary constituent ................................
Bravais lattice......................................... Idiomorphic particles ............................. Proeutectoid constituent .........................
Catatectic................................................ Incongruent phase change...................... Prototype ................................................
Clausius-Clapeyron equation ................. Interaxial angle....................................... Pseudobinary ..........................................
Closed system ........................................ Intermediate phase ................................. Quasibinary ............................................
Component............................................. Intermetallic compound ......................... Quaternary ..............................................
Congruent phase change ........................ Internal energy ....................................... Quinary ...................................................
Congruent point ..................................... Interstitional solid solution .................... Second Law of Thermodynamics ..........
Conjugate phases ................................... Invariant equilibrium ............................. Septenary ................................................
Constitutional diagram........................... Invariant point ........................................ Sexinary ..................................................
Continuous solid solution ...................... Isopleth ................................................... Solidus....................................................
Coring .................................................... Isotherm.................................................. Solution hardening .................................
Critical point .......................................... Lattice constant ...................................... Solvus .....................................................
Crystal .................................................... Lattice parameter .................................... Space-group notation .............................
Crystal structure..................................... Lattice points .......................................... Space lattice............................................
Crystal system ........................................ Law of Conservation of Energy ............. State variable ..........................................
Decinary ................................................. Lever rule ............................................... Structure prototype .................................
Degrees of freedom ................................ Line compound ...................................... Sublimation curve ..................................
Dendrite .................................................. Liquation ................................................ Substitutional solid solution ...................
Dendritic segregation ............................. Liquidus.................................................. Superlattice.............................................
Disorder.................................................. Long-period ordering ............................. Syntectic .................................................
Edge length ............................................ Melting curve ......................................... System ....................................................
Enthalpy ................................................. Metatectic ............................................... Terminal phase .......................................
Entropy................................................... Monotectic.............................................. Ternary ...................................................
Equilibrium diagram .............................. Monotectoid ........................................... Theorem of Le Chiitelier ........................
Eutectic .................................................. Monovariant equilibrium ....................... Third Law of Thermodynamics .............
Eutectoid ................................................ Nonary .................................................... Tie line ....................................................
First Law of Thermodynamics .............. Octanary ................................................. Tie triangle .............................................
First-order transition .............................. Ordered structure.................................... Triple curve ............................................
Gibbs energy .......................................... Pearson symbol ...................................... Triple point .............................................
Gibbs-Konovalov Rule .......................... Peritectic ................................................. Unary ......................................................
Guinier-Prestonzones............................ Peritectoid .............................................. Unit cell ..................................................
Heat capacity.......................................... Phase ...................................................... Univariant equilibrium ...........................
Heat content ........................................... Phase diagram ........................................ Vaporization curve .................................
Higher-order transition .......................... Phase-field rule ......................................
Hot short................................................. Phase-fraction line..................................
Section 2
Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams
Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 2.3
Binary General References................................................................................................................... 2.4
Key to Titles ......................................................................................................................................... 2.4
Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams Index ....................................................................................................2.5
References Cited in Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams Index ................................................................. 2.22
Binary Phase Diagrams and Crystal Structure Data .......................................................................
List of Binary Systems Included:

Ag-A1 ..... 2.25 AI-Be......2.41 As-Fe ......2-58 Au-Se .....2.76 Ba-TI ......2-92 C-Cu .....2.110 Cd-Ni ... 2.127 C o M o.. 2 - 1 4
Ag-As .... 2-25 AI-Bi ......2.42 A s G a .....2-59 Au-Si ......2-76 Ba-Zn .....2.93 C-Fe ......2.1 I0 Cd-P ..... 2.127 C o N b .. 2.144
Ag-Au .... 2-25 AI-Ca ...... 2.42 A s G e ..... 2-59 Au-Sn ..... 2-76 Be-Co .....2.93 C-Hf ...... 2.1 11 Cd-Pb ... 2.127 Co-Nd .. 2.144
Ag-Be .... 2.26 A1-Cd ..... 2-42 As-In ...... 2-59 Au-Sr ...... 2-77 Be-Cr ......2.93 C-La ...... 2.1 I1 Cd-Sb ... 2.128 Cc-Ni ... 2.145
Ag-Bi .....2-26 AI-Ce...... 2-43 As-K .......2.60 Au-Te .....2.77 Be-Cu .....2.94 C-Mn ....2.111 Cd-Se ... 2.128 C o p ..... 2.145
Ag-Ca .... 2.26 AI-CO ..... 2.43 As-Mn ....2.60 Au-Th .....2.77 Be-Fe ......2.94 C-Mo ....2.112 Cd.Sm .. 2 I28 Co-Pd ... 2.145
Ag-Cd .... 2.27 Al-Cr ......2-43 As-Nd .....2-60 Au- Ti ......2-78 Be-Hf ......2-95 C-Ni ......2.112 Cd-Sn ... 2.129 Cc-Pr .... 2 - 1 4
Ag-Ce ....2-27 AI-Cu .....2.44 As-Ni ......2.61 Au-TI ...... 2-78 Be-Nb .....2-95 C-Pr ......2.1 12 Cd-Sr ...2.129 Cc-Pt .... 2.146
Ag-Co .... 2.27 AI-Er ......2.44 As-P ....... 2.61 Au-U ...... 2.78 . C-Sc ......2.1 13 Cd-Te ... 2.129 C o P u ... 2.146
Ag-Cu .... 2-28
Ag-Dy .... 2.28
Ag-Er .....2.28
AI-Fe ......2-44
AI-Ga ..... 2.45
AI-Gd ..... 2-45
As-Pb .....2-61
As-Pd .....2-62
As-S .......2-62
Au-V ......2-79
Au-Yb ....2-79
Au-Zn .....2-79
Be-Pd ......2.96
Be-Si .......2.96
Be-Th .....2-96
.
C-Si .........I13
C-Ta ......2 113
C-Th .....2.114
Cd-Th ... 2-130
Cd-TI ... 2.130
Cd-Y ....2.130
C o R e ... 2.147
Cc-S ..... 2.147
Cc-Sb ... 2.147
Ag-Eu .... 2-29 A l G e .....2-45 As-Sb .....2-62 Au-Zr......2-80 Be-Ti .......2.97 C-Ti ......2.1 14 Cd.Yb .. 2.131 C o S e ... 2.148
Ag-Fe .....2.29 AI-H .......2-46 As-Se ......2.63 B-C .........2-80 Be-W ...... 2-97 C-U .......2-114 Cd-Zn ...2.131 CoSi .... 2.148
Ag-Ga .... 2.29 AI-Hg ..... 2-46 As-Si ......2.63 B-Co .......2.80 Be-Zr ......2.97 C-V .......2.1 15 Ce-Co ... 2.131 Co.Sm .. 2. 148
Ag-Gd .... 2.30 AI-Ho ..... 2.46 As-Sn ..... 2-53 B-Cr ........2.81 Bi-Ca ......2.98 C-W ........I15 Ce-Cu ... 2.132 CwSn ...2- 149
Ag-Ge .... 2.30 A1-In ....... 2.47 As-Te ...... 2-64 B-Cu ....... 2-81 Bi-Cd ......2.98 C-Y .......2.1 15 Ce-Fe ... 2.132 Co-Ta ... 2.149
Ag-Hg ....2.30 AI-La ......2.47 As-Tl ...... 2-64 B-Fe ........ 2.81 Bi-Cs ......2.98 C-Zr ......2.1 16 C e c a ...2-1 33 C o T b... 2.149
Ag-Ho ....2-31 AI-Li ......2.47 As-Yb .....2-64 B-Mn ......2-82 Bi-Cu ......2-99 Ca-Cd ...2.116 Ce-Ge ... 2.133 Co-Te ... 2.150
Ag-In ...... 2.31 AI-Mg ....2.48 As-Zn .....2.65 B-Mo ......2-82 Bi-Ga ...... 2.99 Ca-Cu ...2.116 Ce-In .... 2.133 C o T h ... 2.150
Ag-La ..... 2.31 AI-Mn ....2.48 Au-Be .....2.65 B-Nb .......2-82 BiGe ......2-99 C a C a ...2.117 Ce-Ir ..... 2.134 CoTi .... 2.150
Ag-Li ..... 2.32 AI-Nb ..... 2.48 Au-Bi .....2-65 B-Ni ........2.83 Bi-Hg ....2.100 Ca-Ge ...20 117 Ce-Mg .. 2.1 34 Co-V ....2.151
Ag-Mg ...2-32 AI-Nd .....2.49 Au-Ca .....2-66 B-Pd ....... 2-83 Bi-In .....2.100 Ca-Hg ...2.117 Ce.Mn .. 2.1 34 Co-W ... 2.151
Ag-Mo ... 2.32 AI-Ni ......2-49 Au-Cd .....2-66 B-Pt ........ 2-83 Bi-K ...... 2.100 Ca-In .....2.118 Ce-NI ... 20 135 C o y .... 2.151
Ag-Na .... 2.33
Ag-Nd .... 2.33
A1-Pb ...... 2-49
A1-Pd ...... 2-50
Au-Ce .....2.67
Au-Co .....2.67
B-Re .......2.84
B-Ru .......2.84
Bi-La ....2.101
Bi-Li .....2.101 Ca-Mg...2 118.
Ca-Li .....2.118 Ce-0 .... 2.135
Ce-Pd ... 2-135
C o Z n ... 2.152
Cr-Cu ... 2.152
Ag-Ni ..... 2.33
Ag-P ....... 2.34
A1-Pr ...... 2.50
AI-Pt .......2-50
Au-Cr ..... 2.67
Au-Cu .....2-68
B-Sc ........ 2.84
B-Si ........ 2-85 ..
Bi-Mg ...2- l Ol
Bi-Mn ...2 102
Ca-Na .....I19
Ca-Nd ...2.119
Ce-Pu ... 2.136
Ce-S ..... 2.136
Cr-Fe .... 29 152
Cr-Ga ... 2.1 53
Ag-Pb ..... 2-34
Ag-Pd ..... 2.34
Ag-PI .....2-35
AILS ........2.51
A1-Sb ...... 2.51
AI-Se ...... 2-51
Au-Dy ....2-68
Au-Eu .....2-68
Au-Fe ..... 2.69
B-Ta ........2.85
B-Ti ........2.85
B-V .........2-86
.
Bi-Na ....2 102
Bi-Nd ....2 102
Bi-Ni .....29 103
Ca-Ni ....2.119
Ca-0 .... 2.120
Ca-Pb ... 2.120
Ce-Si .... 2-1 36
Ce-Sn ... 2.137
Ce-Te ... 2.137
Cr-Ge ... 2.153
Cr-Hf .... 2.153
Cr-lr ..... 2.154
Ag-Pt ......2.35 A1Si .......2.52 Au-Ga ..... 2-69 B-W ........ 2-86 Bi-Pb ....2- 103 Ca-Pd ... 2- 120 Ce-Ti .... 2.137 Cr-Lu ... 2.154
Ag-S ....... 2.35 AI-Sn ......2.52 Au-Ge.....2-69 B-Y ......... 2.86 Bi-Pd ....2.103 Ca-Pt .... 2-121 Ce-TI .... 2.138 Cr-Mn .. 2- 154
Ag-Sb ..... 2-35 AI-Sr ......2.52 Au-Hg ....2.70 B-Zr ........2-87 Bi-Pt .....2.104 Ca-Sb ... 2.121 Ce-Zn ... 2.138 Cr-Mo .. 2.155
Ag-Sc ..... 2-36 AI-Ta ...... 2.53 Au-In ......2-70 Ba-Ca .....2.87 Bi-Rb ....2. 104 Ca-Si .... 2-12] CI-Cs.... 2-138 Cr-Nb ... 2.155
Ag-Se .....2.36 AI-Te ...... 2.53 Au-K ......2-70 Ba-Cd ..... 2.87 Bi-S ......2.104 Ca-Sr .... 2.122 CIGa ... 2.139 Cr-Ni .... 2.155
Ag-Si ......2.37 AI-Th .....2.53 Au-La .....2-71 Ba-Cu .....2.88 Bi-Sb ....2.105 Ca-TI.... 2.122 CI-Hg ... 2.139 Cr-0 ..... 2.156
Ag-Sm .... 2-37 A1-Ti.......2-54 Au-Li ......2-71 Ba-Ga .....2-88 Bi-Se ..... 2.105 Ca-Yb .. 2.122 CI-In .....2-1 39 Cr-0s ... 2.156
Ag-Sn .....2-37 AI-U .......2.54 Au-Mg ....2.71 Ba-Ge .....2-88 Bi-Sm ...2.106 Ca-Zu ... 2.123 CI-Na ... 2.140 Cr-Pd .... 2.156
Ag-Sr .....2.38 AI-V .......2-54 Au-Mn ....2-72 Ba-H .......2.89 Bi-Sn ....2- 106 Cd-Cu .. 2.123 C o C r ... 2.140 Cr-Pt ..... 2.1 57
Ag-Te .....2-38 AI-W ...... 2.55 Au-Na.....2.72 Ba-Hg .....2.89 Bi-Sr .....2-106 Cd-Eu .. 2.123 Co-Cu .. 2.140 Cr-Re ... 2.157
Ag-TI ..... 2.38 AI-Y ....... 2-55 Au-Nb ....2.73 Ba-In ......2.89 Bi-Te .....2.107 Cd-Ga ..2- 124 C o D y ..2.141 Cr-Rh ... 2.157
Ag-TI ..... 2.39 AI-Yb .....2.55 Au-Ni .....2.73 Ba-Li ......2.90 Bi-TI .....2.107 C d G d .. 2.124 Co-Er ... 2.141 Cr-Ru ... 2.158
Ag-Y ...... 2-39 Al-Zn .....2-56 Au-Pb .....2.73 Ba-Mg ....2-90 Bi-U ......2.107 Cd-Ge .. 2.1 24 Co-Fe ... 2.141 Cr-S ...... 2.158
Ag-Yb ....2-39 AI-Zr ...... 2.56 Au-Pd .....2.74 Ba-Na ..... 2.90 Bi-Y ......2.108 Cd-Hg .. 2.125 Cc-Ga .. 2.142 Cr-Sb .... 2.158
Ag-Zn ....2.40 As-Au .....2-56 Au-PI ...... 2.74 Ba-P ........ 2-91 Bi-Yb ....2.108 Cd-In .... 2- 125 C o G d .. 2.142 Cr-Sc .... 2- 159
Ag-Zr ..... 2.40 As-Bi ......2.57 Au-Pt ......2-74 Ba-Pb ......2.91 Bi-Zn ....2.108 Cd-La.....I 25 C o G e .. 2.142 Cr-Se .... 2- 159
AI-As ..... 2.40 As-Cd .....2-57 Au-Pu .....2-75 Ba-Se ......2.91 Bi-Zr .....2.lW Cd-Li ... 2.126 Cc-Hf.2.143 Cr-Si ..... 2- 160
AI-Au ..... 2-41 As-Co ..... 2.58 Au-Rb .....2-75 Ba-Si ......2.92 C-Co .....2.109 Cd-Mg .2. 126 C o H o .. 2.143 Cr-Sn ....2.160
AI-Ba ..... 2-41 As-Cu .....2-58 Au-Sb .....2.75 Ba-Te ......2.92 C-Cr ......2.109 Cd-Na .. 2 I26 Co-Mn . 2.143 (continued)
2*2/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Cr-Ta....2.160 Er-Pt .....2.189 Ga-V.....2.217 HpK ....2.245 La-Ni ....2.273 N-U ...... 2.300 Os-Ti .... 2.328 Ru-Ti ....2.356
Cr-Te....2.161 Er.Ru ....2-190 Ga-Y.....2.218 Hg-La ...2.245 La-Pb ....2.273 N-Zr .....2.300 Os-U ....2.329 Ru-U .... 2.356
Cr-Ti ....2.161 Er-Se ....2.190 Ga-Yb...2.218 Hg-Li ....2 - 2 4 La-S ......2.273 Na-0 .... 2.300 Os-V .... 2.329 Ru-V .... 2.356
Cr-U .....2-161 Er-Te ....2-190 Ga-Zn...2.218 Hg-Mg.2.246 La-Sb ....2.274 Na-Pb... 2-301 Os-W ...2.329 S-Se......2.357
Cr-V .....2.162 %.Ti .....2.191 Ga-Zr....2.219 Hg-Na...2.246 La-Sc ....2.274 Na-Rb .. 2-301 Os-Zr ..2.330 S-Sn .....2.357
Cr-W ....2.162 &.TI .....2.191 Gd-Ge...2.219 Hg-Pb ...2-247 La-Se ....2.274 Na-S.....2.301 P-Pd ..... 2.330 S-Te......2.358
Cr-Zr ....2.162 EuGa ...2.191 Gd-In ....2.219 Hg-Rb...2.247 La& ....2.275 Na-Sb... 2.302 P-PI ......2.330 S-Ti ......2.358
Cs-Ge ...2.163 EuGe ...2.192 Gd-Mg.2-220 Hg-S .....2.247 La.Tl .....2.275 Na-Se ...2.302 P-Ru .....2.331 SbSe.... 2.358
Cs-Hg...2.163 Eu-In ....2.192 Gd.Mn ..2.220 Hg-Se ...2 - 2 4 La.& ....2.275 Na-Sn... 2.302 P-Sn .....2.331 SbSi ....2.359
Cs-In ....2.163 EwMg ..2.192 Gd-Ni ...2-220 Hg-Sn ...2.248 Li-Mg ...2.276 Na-Sr ... 2.303 P-Ti ......2.331 SbSm ..2.359
Cs-K .....2.164 Eu-Pb ...2.193 Gd-Pb...2.221 Hg-Sr....2.248 Li-Na ....2.276 Na-Te ...2.303 P-Zn .....2.332 SbSn ...2.359
Cs-Na ...2.164 Eu-Pd ...2.193 Gd-Pd ...2.221 Hg-Te ...2.249 Li-Pb.....2.276 Na-TI ...2.303 PbPd ...2.332 SbSr ....2.360
Cs-0 .....2.164 Eu-Pt ....2.193 Gd-Rh...2.221 Hg-TI ....2.249 Li-Pd.....2.277 NbNi ...2.304 PbPr ...2.332 SbTb ...2.360
Cs-Rb...2.165 Eu-Te....2.194 Gd-Sb ...2.222 Hg-Zn ...2.249 Li-S.......2.277 NbOs ..2.304 P bPt .... 2.333 SbTe....2.360
Cs-S .....2.165 Fe-Ga ...2.194 Gd-Se ...2.222 H oIn ....2.250 Li-Se.....2.277 NbPd ..2.304 Pb-Pu ...2.333 S bTI ....2.361
Cs-Sb ...2.165 Fe-Gd ...2.194 Gd-Sn ...2.222 HoMn ..2.250 Li-Si .....2.278 NbPt ... 2.305 PbRb ...2.333 SbU .....2.361
Cs-Se....2.166 Fe-Ge ...2.195 Gd-Te ...2.223 HoPd ...2.250 Li-Sn.....2-278 NbRh ..2.305 PbRh ...2.334 SbY .....2.361
Cs-Sn ...2.166 Fe-H .....2.195 Gd-Ti ....20223 HoSb ...2.251 Li-Sr .....2.278 NbRu .. 2-305 PbS .....2.334 SbZn ...2.362
Cs-Te....2.166 Fe-Hf ....2.195 Gd.Tl ....2.223 Ho-Te ...2-251 Li.Te .....2.279 NbSi ... 2.306 PbSb ... 2.334 Sc-Ti ....20362
Cs-TI ....2.167 Fe-Ho ...201% Ge-Ho...2.224 H oTl ....2.251 Li-TI .....2.279 NbTa ...2.306 PbSe .. 2.335 Sc-Y .....2.362
Cu-Dy ..2.167 Fe-Ir .....201% Ge-In ....2.224 In-K ......2-252 Li-Zn ....2.279 N b n ..2.306 PbSn ...2.335 Sc-Zr ....2.363
Cu-Er ...2.167 Fe-La....2.1% Ge-K.....2.224 In.La .....2.252 LuPb ....2.280 NbTi ... 2.307 Pt-Sr .... 2.335 Se-Sn....2.363
Cu-Eu...2.168 Fe-Lu....2.197 Ge-La ...2.225 In-Li .....2.252 Lu-T1 ....2.280 NbU .... 2.307 Pb-Te....2-336 Se-Sr ....2.363
Cu-Fe ...2.168 Fe-Mn ..2.197 Ge-Li....2 - 2 3 In-Lu ....2.253 Mg-Mn .2.280 NbV.. .. 2.307 Pb-TI .... 2.336 Se-Te....2.364
Cu-Ga ..2.168 Fe-Mo ..2.197 Ge-Lu...2.225 In-Mg ...2.253 Mg-Ni ...2.281 Nb-W ...2.308 PbY .....2.336 Se-TI ....2.364
Cu-Gd ..2.169 Fe-N .....2.198 Ge.Mg ..2.226 In-Mn ...2.253 Mg-Pb...2.281 NbZr ... 2.308 PbYb...2.337 Se-Tm ..2.364
Cu-Ge ..2.169 Fe-Nb ...2- 198 Ge-Mn ..2.226 In-Na ....2.254 Mg-Sh ...2.281 Nd-Ni ...2.308 Pb-Zn ...2-337 Se-U.....2.365
Cu-H ....2.169 Fe-Nd ...2.198 Ge.Mo ..2.227 In.Nb ....2.254 Mg-Sc ...2.282 Nd-Pt ...2.309 Pd-Pt ....2.337 Si-Sn .... 2.365
Cu-Hf ...2.170 Fe-Ni ....2.199 Ge-Na...2.227 In-Nd ....2.254 Mg-Si ...2.282 Nd-Rh ..2.309 Pd-Pu ...2.338 Si-Sr.....2.365
Cu-Hg ..2.1 70 Fe-0 ..... 2.199 Ge-Nb...2.227 h.Ni .....2.255 Mg-Sm .2.282 Nd-Sb .. 2.309 Pd-Rh...2.338 Si-Ta.....2.366
Cu-In ....2-170 Fe-P ......2.200 Ge-Nd...2.228 In-P.......2.255 Mg-Sn ...2.283 Nd-Si ...2.3 10 Pd-Ru ...2.338 Si-Te.....2.366
Cu-Ir.....2.171 Fe-Pd ....2.200 Ge-Ni ...2.228 In-Pb.....2.255 Mg-Sr ...2.283 Nd-Sn ..2.3 10 Pd-S .....2.339 Si-Th....2.366
Cu-La ...2.171 Fe-Pu....2.200 Ge-P .....2.228 In.Pd .....2.256 Mg-Th ..2.283 Nd-Te ...2.3 10 Pd-Sb ... 2.339 Si-Ti .....2.367
Cu-Li....2.171 Fe-Rh ...2.201 Ge-Pb ...2.229 In-PI .....2.256 Mg-T1 ...2.284 Nd-Ti ....2.3 11 Pd-Se ... 2.339 Si-U ...... 2.367
Cu.Mg ..2- 172 Fe-S ......2.201 Ge-Pd ...2.229 h.Pt......2.256 Mg-Y ....2.284 Nd-Ti ....2.3 11 Pd-Si ....2.340 Si-V ...... 2.367
Cu-Mx.2-172 Fe-Sb....2.202 Ge-Pr ....2.229 In-Pu .....2.257 Mg.Yb ..2.284 Nd-Zn ...2.311 Pd-Sm ..2-340 Si-Zn ....2.368
Cu-Nb ..2.172 Fe-Sc ....2.202 Ge-Pt ....2.230 In-Rb ....2.257 Mg-Zn ..2.285 Ni-0 .....2.312 Pd-Sn ...2.340 S i 5.....2.368
Cu-Nd ..2.173 Fe-Se ....2.202 Ge-S .....2.230 In-S .......2.257 Mg-Zr ...2-285 Ni-0s ...2.312 Pd-Te....2.341 Sm-Sn ..2.368
Cu-Ni ...2.173 Fe-Si.....2-203 Ge-Sb ...2.230 h.Sb .....2.258 Mn-Mo .20285 Ni-P .....2.313 P ~ - T....
I 2.341 s m - n...2.369
Cu-0 ....2.174 Fe-Sm...2.203 Ge-Sc ...2.231 In-Sc .....2-258 Mn.N ....2.286 Ni-Pb ...2.313 Pd-TI ....2.342 Sm-Zn ..2.369
Cu-P .....2.174 Fe-Sn ....2.203 Ge-Se ...2.231 In.Se .....2.259 Mn.Nd ..2.286 Ni-Pd ... 2.3 14 Pd-U ..... 2.342 Sn-Zr ....2.369
Cu-Pb ...2.175 Fe-Tb....2.204 Ge-Si ....2.231 In& ......2.259 Mn-Ni ...2.286 N i A .... 2.314 Pd-V .....2.342 Sn-Te....2.370
Cu-Pd ...2.175 Fe-Te ....2.204 Ge-Sm ..2.232 In-Sm....2.260 Mn.0 ....2.287 Ni-Pt ....2.314 Pd-W ....2.343 Sn-Ti .... 2.370
Cu-Pt ....2.175 Fe-Tb ...2.204 Ge-Sn ...2.232 InSn .....2.260 Mn.P .....2.287 Ni-Pu ...2.315 Pd-Y.....2.343 Sn-Tl .... 2.370
Cu-Pu ...2.176 Fe-Ti.....2.205 Ge-Sr ....2.232 In-Sr .....2.260 Mn.Pd ...2.287 Ni-Re ...2.315 Pd-Yb...2.343 Sn-U.....2.371
Cu-Rh ..2.176 Fe-Tm ..2.205 Ge-Tb ...2.233 In-Tb ....2.261 Mn-Pr ...2.288 Ni-Rh ...2.316 Pd-Zn ...2.344 Sn-Y.....2.371
Cu-S .....2.176 Fe-U .....2-205 Ge-Te....2.233 In.Te .....2.261 Mn.Pu ...2.288 NiRu ... 2.3 16 Pr4b ....2.344 Sn-Yb...2.371
Cu-Sb ...2.177 Fe-V .....2.206 Ge-Ti....2.233 In-Th ....2.261 Mn.Sb ...2.288 Ni-S .....2.3 16 Pr-Se .... 2.344 Sn-Zn ...2.372
Cu-Se ...2.178 Fe-W ....2.206 Ge-TI....2.234 In-Ti .....2.262 MwSi ...2.289 Ni-Sb ...2.317 Pr-Si ..... 2.345 Sn-Zs....2.372
Cu-Si....2-178 Fe-Zn....2.206 Ge-Tm,.2*234 In-TI .....2.262 Mn-Sm .2.289 Ni-Sc.... 2.317 Pr.Sn ....2.345 Sr-Te ....2.372
Cu-Sn ...2.1 78 Fe-Zr ....2.207 Ge-U..... 2.234 In-Tm ...2.262 Mn.Sn ...2.289 Ni-Se....2.317 Pr-Te ....2.345 Sr-TI.....2.373
Cu-Sr....2.179 Ga-Gd ..2.207 Ge-Y.....2.235 In-V ......2.263 Mn-Ti ...2.290 Ni-Si .... 2.318 Pr.T1 .....2.346 Sr-Zn....2.373
Cu-Te ...2- 179 Ga-Ho ..2.207 Ge-Yb...2.235 In-Y ......2.263 Mn.U ....2.290 Ni-Sm ..2.3 18 Pr.Zn ....2.346 Ta-Tb ...2.373
Cu-Th ... 2.180 Ga-In ....2.208 Ge-Zn ...2.235 In.Yb ....2-263 Mn.V ....2.290 Ni-Sn ... 2-3 18 Pt-Rh .... 2.34 Ta-Ti ....2.374
Cu-Ti ....2.1 SO Ga-La ...2.208 H-La .....2.236 In-Zn ....2.264 Mn-Y ....2.291 Ni-Ta....2.319 Pt-Si .....2-347 Ta-U .....2.374
Cu-T1....2.181 Ga-Li....2.208 H-Nb ....2.236 Ir-La .....2.264 Mn-Zn ..2.291 Ni-Te....2.319 Pt-Sn .... 2.347 Ta-V .....2.374
Cu-V ....2-18] Ga-Lu ...2.209 H-Nd ....2.237 Ir-Mo ....2.264 Mn-Zr ...2.291 Ni-Ti ....2.3 19 Pt-Te .... 2.347 Ta-W ....2.375
Cu.Yb ..2.181 Ga.Mg ..2.209 H-Ni .....2.237 Ir.Nb .....2.265 Mo-N ....2.292 Ni-U .....2.320 Pt-Ti .....2.348 Ta-Zr ....2.375
Cu-Zn ...2.182 Ga.Mn ..2.209 H-Pd .....2.237 Ir.Ni ......2.265 Mo.Nb ..2.292 Ni-V .....2.324l F't-TI .....2 - 3 4 Tb-T1....2.375
Cu-Zr ...2.182 Ga.Mo ..2.2 10 H-Sr ......2.238 Ir-Pd .....2.265 Mo-Ni ...2.292 Ni-W ....2.320 Pt-U .....2 - 3 4 Te-TI .... 2.376
Dy-Fe ...2.182 Ga-Na...2.210 H-Ta .....2.238 Ir-Pt ......2.266 Mo-0 ....2-293 Ni-Y .....2.321 Pt-V ..... 2.349 Te-U .....2.376
Dy-Ga ..2.1 83 Ga-Nb ..2.210 H-Ti ......2.238 Ir.Rh .....2.266 Mo-0s ..2.293 Ni-Yb...2.321 Pt.Zr .....2.349 Te-Yb ...2.376
Dy-Ge ..2.183 Ga-Nd .. 2.211 H-U ......2.239 IFRU.....2.266 Mo-P.....2.293 Ni-Zn ... 2.321 Pu-Sc ... 2.349 Te-Zn ...2.377
Dy-In ....2.183 Ga-Ni ...2.211 H-V ......2.239 Ir-Ta ......2.267 MO-Pd...2.2% Ni-Zr ....2.322 Pu-U.....2.350 l b T i ....2.377
Dy-Mn .2.184 Ga-Pb ...2.211 H-21 .....2.239 Ir-Th .....2.267 Mo-F't ...2.294 NpPu ..2.322 Pu-Zn ...2-350 Th.TI ....2.377
Dy-Ni ...2.184 Ga-Pd ...2.212 Hf-Ir .....2.240 Ir-Ti ......2.267 MoPu ...2.294 NpU .... 2.322 Pu-Zr....2.350 n.Zn ...2.378
Dy-Pb...2.184 Ga-Pr ....2.212 Hf-Mn ..2.240 Ir-U .......2.268 MoRh ..2.295 O-Pb ....2.323 Rb-Sb...2-351 TbZr....2.378
Dy-Pd...2.185 Ga-F't ....2.212 Hf-Mo ..2.240 Ir-V .......2.268 MoRu ..2.295 O-Pr .....2.323 RbSe ...2.351 TI-U .....2.378
Dy-S .....2.185 Ga-Pu ...2.213 Hf-N .....2.241 lr-W ......2.268 Mo-S.....2.295 O-Pu .... 2.323 RbTl ... 2.351 Ti-V .....2.379
Dy-Sb...2.185 Ga-S .....2.213 Hf-Nb ...2.241 lr-Zr ......2.269 Mo-Si ...2.2% O-Sn .... 2.324 Re-Ru...2.352 l3.W ..... 2.379
Dy-Sn...2.186 Ga-Sb ...2.214 Hf-Ni ....2.241 K-Na .....2.269 Mo-Ta ...2.2% O-Ti .....2.324 Re-Si .... 2.352 Ti-Y ..... 2.379
Dy-Te ...2.186 Ga-Sc ...2.214 Hf-0 .....2.242 K P b .....2.269 Mo-Ti ...202% O-V ...... 2.325 Re-Te ...2.352 m-Zr.....2.380
Dy-TI ...2.186 Ga-Se ...2.2 14 Hf-0s ...2.242 K-Rb .....2.270 Mo-U ....2.297 O-W..... 2.325 Re-U ....2.353 Tl-Yb ...2.380
Dy-21 ...2.187 Ga.Sm ..2.215 Hf-Rh ...2.242 K-S .......2.270 Mo-V ....2 - 2 9 O-Y......2.326 Re-V ....2.353 TI.Zn ....2.380
Er-Fe ....2.187 Ga-Sn ...2.2 15 Hf-Si.....2.243 K-Sb .....2.270 Mo-W ...2.297 O-Zr.....2.326 Rh-Se ...2.353 U-Zr .....2.381
Er-Ga ...2.187 Ga-Sr....2.215 Hf-Ta ....2.243 K-Se .....2.271 Mo-Zr ...2.298 Os-Pt ....2.326 Rh-Ta ...2.354 V-W ..... 2.381
Er-Ge ...2.188 Ga-Tb ...2.216 Hf-U .....2.243 K-Sn .....2.271 N-Nb .....2.298 Os-Pu ...2.327 Rh-Ti ....2.354 V-Zr...... 2.381
&-In .....2.188 Ga-Te ...2.216 Hf-V .....2.244 K-Te .....2.271 N-Ni .....2.298 Os-Re...2-327 Rh-U ....2.354 W-Zr ....2.382
Er.Mn ...2.188 Ga-T1....2.216 Hf-W ....2.244 K-TI ......2.272 N-Ta ......2-299 Os-Rh ..2.327 Rh-V .... 2.355 Y-Zn .....2.382
Er-Ni ....2.189 Ga.Tm ..2.217 Hf-Zr ....2.244 La-Mg ..2.272 N-Th .....2.299 Os-Ru .. 2.328 Ru-Si .... 2.355 Y-Zr......2.382
Er-Pd ....2.189 Ga-U ....2.217 Hg-In ....2.245 La-Mn ..2.272 N-Ti ......2.299 Os-Si .... 2.328 Ru-Ta ...2-355 YbZn ..2.383

-. -- --
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagramd2.3

Introduction to Binary Alloy Phase

Diagrams

THE 1046 BINARY SYSTEMS presented in Because this Handbook is designed to be used binary abstracts published in Binary Alloy Phase
this Section have been selected for their comrner- mainly by engineers to solve industrial problems, Diagrams, Second Edition (called "M2") and
cia1 importance from the almost 3000 systems the primary composition scale is plotted in weight indicates if information for the system has been
covered inBinaryAlloy Phase Diagrams, Second percent. Atomic percentages are shown as a sec- updated in the Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams
Edition. The diagrams used were reproduced ondary scale at the top of the diagrams. Conver- Updating Service by listing the update year. Ab-
from that compilation, from more recent evalu- sions between weight and atomic composition stracts are a shortened version of the full evalu-
ations, or, in some instances, updated evaluations also can be made using the standard atomic ation giving concise descriptions of key features
based on the most recent literature. The source is weights listed in the Appendix. For the sake of of the system, crystal structure data, primary ref-
indicated with each phase diagram. "Unpub- clarity, grid lines are not superimposed on the erences, and the equilibrium diagram, if any. Col-
lished" indicates the source is a complete evalu- phase diagrams. However, tick marks are pro- umn 3 gives the source of the original abstract or
ation that has not yet been published in the Jour- vided along the composition scale as well as the the most recent full evaluation. Full evaluations
nal of Phase Equilibria or in a monograph. The temperature scale, which is shown in degrees include expanded information on the phase dia-
crystal structure data shown with the diagrams Celsius. Celsius temperatures can be easily con- gram, and any lattice parameter, thermodynamic,
have been updated in some instances with infor- vened to degrees Fahrenheit using the table in the magnetism, and pressure information and ancil-
mation from Pearson's Handbook of Crystal- Appendix. Magnetic transitions (Curie tempera- lary figures available. A key to abbreviated titles
lographic Data for Intermetallic Phases, Second ture and N&l temperature) are shown as dot- of Alloy Phase Diagram Program source publica-
Edition. dashed lines. Dashed lines are used to denote tions and General References used in column 3
Except when the information for a system is uncertain or speculative boundaries. precede the index. Systems marked "unpub-
from one of the General References listed in the All diagrams presented in this Section of the lished" have been submitted to the Alloy Phase
following pages, the specific author of the infor- Handbook are for stable equilibrium conditions, Diagram Program, but have not yet been publish-
mation is listed as the source, along with the year except where metastable conditions are indicated. ed. References to sources that are non-Alloy
the investigation was completed. To locate the Phase Diagram publications follow the index.
author's complete investigation of a system, con- Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams Index Column 4 indicates whether the evaluation in-
sult the Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams Index in cludes a phase diagram (D) or is text only (T).
this Section, which lists source information for all This index gives source information for all 2965 Diagrams for systems marked by an asterisk are
2965 binary alloy systems for which data exist. binary alloy systems. Column 2 designates all published in this handbook.
2.41Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

,General References
The following list of references has provided the foundation of much of the phase diagram data that is currently cited in the literature. To conserve
space, these references will be cited by their general reference symbol in the index.

[Brandes]: E.A. Brandes and R.F. Flint, Ed., [Ivanov]: O.S. Ivanov, T.A. Badaeva, R.M. Plutonium: Physico-Chemical Properties of Its
Manganese Phase Diagrams, The Manganese Sofronova, V.B. Kishenevskii, and N.P. Kushnir, Compound and Alloys, 0. Kubaschewski, Ed.,
Centre, 17 Avenue Hoche, 75008 Paris, France Phase Diagrams of Uranium Alloys, Nauka, Atomic Energy Review Special Issues No. 1,
(1980). Moscow (1972). International Atomic ~ n e r g yAgency, Vienna
[Chiotti]: P. Chiotti, V.V. Akhachinskij, and I. [Kubaschewski]: 0 . Kubaschewski, Iron-- (1966).
Ansara, The Chemical Thermodynamics of Acti- Binary Phase Diagrams, Springer-Verlag, New hunk]: F.A. Shunk, Constitution of Binary
nide Elements and Compounds, Part 5: The Acti- York (1982). Alloys, Second Supplement, McGraw-Hill, New
nide Binary Alloys, V. Medvedev, M.H. Rand, [Metals]: Metals Handbook, Metallography, York or General Electric Co., Business Growth
E.F. Westrum, Jr., and EL. Oetting, Ed., Interna- Structures and Phase Diagrams, Vol. 8, 8th ed., Services, Schenectady, New York (1969).
tional Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna (198 l). American Society for Metals, Metals Park, OH [Smith]: J.F. Smith, O.N. Carlson, D.T. Peter-
[Elliott]: R.P. Elliott, Constitution of Binary (1973). son, and T.E. Scott, Thorium: Preparation and
Alloys, First Supplement, McGraw-Hill, New [Moffatt]: W.G. Moffatt, Ed., Handbook of Bi- Properties, Iowa State University Press, Ames,
York or General Electric Co., Business Growth nary Phase Diagrams, Business Growth S e n - IA (1975).
Services, Schenectady, New York (1965). ices, General Electric Co., Schenectady, NY [Smithells]: C.J. Smithells and E.A. Brandes,
[Hafnium]: P.J. Spencer, 0. von Goldbeck, R. (1976). Metals Reference Book, 5th ed., Butterworth,
Ferro, R. Marazza, K. Gugis, and 0 . ' [~oiybdenum]: L. Brewer, Molybdenum: Woburn, MA (1976).
Kubaschewski, Hafnium: Physico-Chemical Physico-Chemical Properties of Its Compounds [Thorium]: M.H. Rand, 0. von Goldbeck, R.
Properties of Its Compounds and Alloys, K.L. and Alloys, 0. Kubaschewski, Ed., Atomic En- Ferro, K. Girgis, and A.L. Dragoo, Thorium:
Komerek, Ed., Atomic Energy Review Special ergy Review Special Issue No. 7, International Physico-Chemical Properties of Its Compounds
Issue No. 8, International Atomic Energy Agency, Atomic Energy Agency, Wenna (1980). and Alloys, 0. Kubaschewski, Ed., Atomic En-
Vienna (1981). [Pearson3]: l? Villars and L.D. Calvert, Pear- ergy Review Special Issue No. 5, International
[Hansen]: M. Hansen and K. Anderko, Consti- son's Handbook of Crystallographic Data for Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna (1975).
tution of Binary Alloys, McGraw-Hill, New York Intermetallic Phases, Vol. 1, 2, and 3, American [Zirconium]: C.B. Alcock, K.T. Jacob, S.
or General Electric Co., Business Growth Serv- Society for Metals, Metals Park, OH (1985). Zador, 0 . von Goldbeck, H. Nowomy, K. Seifert,
ices, Schenectady, New York (1958). [Pearsonrl]: P. Villars and L.D. Calvert, Pear- and 0. Kubaschewski, Zirconium: Physico-
[Hultgren, B]: R. Hultgren, P.D. Desai, D.T. son's Handbook of Crystallographic Data for Chemical Properties of Its Compound and Al-
Hawkins, M. Gleiser, and K.K. Kelley, Selected Intermetallic Phases, 2nd ed.,Vol. 1,2,3, and 4, loys, 0. Kubaschewski, Ed., Atomic Energy Re-
Values of the Thermodynamic Properties of Bi- ASM International, Materials Park, OH (1991). view Special Issue No. 6, International Atomic
nary Alloys, American Society for Metals, Metals [Plutonium]: M.H. Rand, D.T. Livey, P. Energy Agency, Vienna (1976).
Park, Ohio (1973). Feschotte, H. Nowotny, K. Seifert, and R. Ferro,

Key to Titles
Key to titles of Alloy Phase Diagram Publications abbreviated under "Published' and "Data Source" :
BAPD Binary Nickel JAPD
Bulletin of Alloy Phase Diagrams Phase Diagrams of Binary Nickel Alloys Journal of Alloy Phase Diagrams
ASM International ASM International, 1991 The Indian Institute of Metals
Binary Beryllium Binary Titanium JPE
Phase Diagrams of Binary Beryllium Alloys Phase Diagrams of Binary Titanium Alloys Journal of Phase Equilibria
ASM International, 1987 ASM International, 1987 ASM International
Binary Gold Binary lhngsten M2
Phase Diagrams of Binary Gold Alloys Phase Diagrams of Binary Tungsten Alloys Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams, 2nd edition
ASM International, 1988 The Indian Institute of Metals, 1991 ASM International, 1990
Binary Iron Binary Vanadium 91
Phase Diagrams of Binary Iron Alloys Phase Diagrams of Binary VanadiumAlloys Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams Updating
ASM International, 1993 ASM International, 1989 Service
Binary Magnesium Indium ASM International, Dec. 1991
Phase Diagrams of Binary Magnesium Phase Diagrams of Indium Alloys and Their 92
Alloys Engineering Applications Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams Updating
ASM International, 1988 ASM International, 1992 Service
ASM International, July and Dec. 1992
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams/2*5

Binary Alloys Index

Data Data Data Data Data Data

System Published source type System Published source type System Published source tYPe

Ac-Ag M2 Unpublished *Ag-MO M2 BAPD 1l(6) *AI-Bi M2 BAPD S(3)

Ac-Au M2 Binary Gold Ag-N M2 BAPD 1l(5) A1-Br No Data
Ac-B M2 M2 *Ag-Na M2 BAPD 7(2) A1-C M2,91,92 M2
Ac-Cr M2 BAPD 6(5) Ag-Nb M2 BAPD 1 q 6 ) *AI-Ca M2 BAPD 9(6)
Ac-CU M2 M2 *Ag-Nd M2 BAPD 6(1) "AI-Cd M2 BAPD 3(2)
Ac-H M2 M2 Ag-Ne M2 Unpublished *Al-Ce M2 BAPD 9(6)
Ac-Mg M2 Unpublished *Ag-Ni M2 Binary Nickel A1-CI No Data
Ac-MO M2 M2 Ag-Np M2 M2 A1-Cm No Data
Ac-0 M2 M2 Ag-0 M2 JPE 13(2) *A]-CO M2 BAPD 1O(6)
Ac-Pt M2 BAPD lO(4a) Ag-0s M2 BAPD 7(4) *A1-Cr M2 Unpublished
Ac-S M2 M2 *Ag-P M2 BAPD 9(3) A1-Cs M2 Unpublished
Ac-W Binary Ag-Pa M2 M2 *Al-Cu M2 [8SMur]
Tungsten *Ag-Pb M2 BAPD 8(4) A1-Dy M2 M2
*Ag-A1 M2 BAPD 8(6) *Ag-Pd M2 BAPD 9(3) *Al-Er M2 BAPD 9(6)
Ag-Am No Data Ag-Pm M2.91 M2 AI-EU M2,91 M2
Ag-Ar M2 Unpublished Ag-PO M2 M2 AI-F No Data
*Ag-AS M2 BAPD 1l(2) *Ag-Pr M2 BAPD 6( 1) *A1-Fe M2 Binary Iron
Ag-At M2 Unpublished *Ag-Pt M2 BAPD 8(4) *Al-Ga M2 BAPD 4(2)
*Ag-AU M2 Binary Gold Ag-Pu M2 [70Woo] *A1-Gd M2 BAPD 9(6)
Ag-B M2,92 BAPD 1l(6) Ag-Ra M2 Unpublished *AI-Ge M2 BAPD 5(4)
Ag-Ba M2,92 Unpublished Ag-Rb M2 BAPD 7(1) *A1-H M2 JPE 13(1)
*Ag-Be M2 Binary Ag-Re M2 BAPD 9(3) AI-Hf M2 Unpublished
Beryllium Ag-Rh M2 BAPD 7(4) *Al-Hg M2 BAPD 6(3)
*Ag-Bi M2 BAPD l(2) Ag-Rn M2 Unpublished *A1-HO M2 BAPD 9(6)
Ag-Br M2 M2 Ag-Ru M2 BAPD 7(4) Al-I No Data
Ag-C M2 BAPD 9(3) *Ag-S M2 BAPD 7(3) *AI-In M2 Indium
*Ag-Ca M2 BAPD 9(3) *Ag-Sb M2 [Hansen] AI-Ir M2 M2
*Ag-Cd M2 [Hansen] *Ag-SC M2 BAPD 4(4) Al-K M2 Unpublished
*Ag-Ce M2 BAPD 6(S) *Ag-Se M2 BAPD 1l(3) *Al-La M2 BAPD 9(6)
Ag-CI M2 M2 *Ag-Si M2 BAPD 1O(6) *AI-Li M2,91 BAPD 3(2)
*Ag-CO M2 BAPD 7(3) *Ag-Sm M2.91 BAPD 6(2) A1-LU M2 M2
Ag-Cr M2 BAPD 1l(3) *Ag-Sn M2 BAPD 8(4) *A1-Mg M2 Binary
Ag-Cs M2 BAPD 7(3) *Ag-Sr M2 BAPD 1l(2) Magnesium
*Ag-CU M2 Unpublished Ag-Ta M2 BAPD 9(3) *A1-Mn M2 BAPD 8(5)
*Ag-Dy M2 BAPD 6(1) Ag-Tb M2 BAPD 6(2) AI-MO M2,91 Unpublished
*Ag-Er M2 BAPD 6(1) Ag-TC M2 Unpublished A1-N M2 BAPD 7(4)
*Ag-EU M2 BAPD 6(1) *Ag-Te M2 JPE 12(1) AI-Na M2 BAPD 4(4)
Ag-F M2 M2 Ag-Th M2,92 JPE 12(3) *A1-Nb M2 Unpublished
*Ag-Fe M2 Binary Iron *Ag-Ti M2 Binary *Al-Nd M2.91 BAPD 10( 1 )
Ag-Fr M2 Unpublished Titanium *Al-Ni M2 Binary Nickel
*Ag-Ga M2,92 JPE 13(3) *Ag-TI M2 BAPD lO(6) AI-Np M2 BAPD lO(2)
*Ag-Gd M2 BAPD 6(2) Ag-Tm M2 M2 Al-0 M2 BAPD 6(6)
*Ag-Ge M2 BAPD 9(1) Ag-U M2 BAPD 10(6) Al-0s M2 Unpublished
Ag-H M2,92 JPE 12(6) Ag-V M2 Binary A1-P M2 BAPD 6(3)
Ag-He M2 Unpublished Vanadium *Al-Pb M2 BAPD S(1)
Ag-Hf M2 BAPD 10(2) Binary *A1-Pd M2 BAPD 7(4)
*Ag-Hg M2 Unpublished Tungsten AI-Pm M2 M2
*Ag-Ho M2 BAPD 6(2) Ag-Xe M2 Unpublished *A1-Pr M2 BAPD lO(1)
Ag-I M2 M2 *Ag-Y M2 BAPD 4(4) *AI-Pt M2 BAPD 7(1)
*Ag-In M2 Indium *Ag-Yb M2 BAPD 6(2) A1-PU M2 BAPD 1O(4a)
Ag-Ir M2 BAPD 7(4) *Ag-Zn M2 [40And J AI-Rb M2 Unpublished
Ag-K M2 BAPD 7(3) *Ag-Zr M2 JPE 13(2) A1-Re M2 Unpublished
Ag-Kr M2 Unpublished Al-Am M2 BAPD lO(3) Al-Rh M2 M2
*Ag-La M2 BAPD 4(4) *ALAS M2 BAPD S(6) A1-Ru M2 M2
*Ag-Li M2 BAPD 7(3) *Al-AU M2,91 BAPD 8(2) *AIM M2,91 BAPD 8(2)
Ag-Lu M2 BAPD 4(4) A1-B M2 BAPD 1 l(6) "A1-Sb M2 BAPD S(5)
*Ag-Mg M2 Binary *A1-Ba M2.92 BAPD 2(3) Al-SC M2.91 BAPD lO(1)
Magnesium *Al-Be M2 Binary *A1-Se M2 BAPD lO(6)
Ag-Mn M2 BAPD 1l(5) Beryllium *AI-Si M2 BAPD 5(1)

(continued)
2*6/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Data Data Data Data Data Data

System Published source tv~e System Published source type System Published source type
Al-Sm M2 BAPD lO(1) AS-CI No Data BAPD 1l(6)
*A1-Sn M2 BAPD 4(4) As-Cm M2 M2 Binary Gold
*Al-Sr M2 BAPD 1O(6) *AS-CO M2 BAPD 1l(6) M2
*A]-Ta M2 Unpublished As-Cr M2 BAPD 1l(5) Binary
AI-Tb M2 M2 AS-CS M2 M2 Tungsten
Al-TC M2 M2 *AS-CU M2 BAPD 9(5) Au-B M2 Binary Gold
*A]-Te M2 BAPD 1l(2) AS-Dy M2 M2 Au-Ba M2 Binary Gold
*Al-Th M2 BAPD 1O(4a) As-Er M2 M2 *Au-Be M2 Binary
*Al-Ti M2 Binary AS-EU M2 BAPD 7(3) Beryllium
Titanium AS-F No Data *Au-Bi M2 M2
AI-TI M2,92 BAPD 1 q 2 ) *As-Fe M2 Binary Iron Au-Br M2 Binary Gold
AI-Tm M2 M2 *As-Ga M2 M2 Au-C M2 Binary Gold
*A]-U M2,91 BAPD ll(1) AS-Gd M2 BAPD 7(4) *Au-Ca M2 Binary Gold
*ALV M2 Binary *As-Ge M2,91 BAPD 6(3) *Au-Cd M2 Binary Gold
Vanadium AS-H M2 M2 *Au-Ce M2 Binary Gold
*Al-W M2 Binary AS-Hf M2 M2 Au-CI M2 Binary Gold
Tungsten AS-Hg M2 M2 Au-Cm No Data
*Al-Y M2 BAPD lO(1) As-Ho M2 M2 *Au-CO M2 Binary Gold
*Al-Yb M2 BAPD 1 q 1 ) AS-I No Data *Au-Cr M2 Binary Gold
*Al-Zn M2 BAPD 4(1) *As-In M2 Indium Au-CS M2 Binary Gold
*A]-Zr M2,92 JPE 13(3) As-Ir M2 M2 *Au-CU M2 Binary Gold
Am-As M2 M2 *AS-K M2 [61Dorl] *Au-Dy M2 Binary Gold
Am-B M2 M2 As-La M2 BAPD 7(4) Au-Er M2 Binary Gold
Am-Be M2 Binary As-Li M2 M2 *Au-EU M2 M2
Beryllium AS-Lu M2 M2 Au-F M2 Binary Gold
Am-Bi M2 M2 AS-Mg M2 Binary *Au-Fe M2 Binary Iron
Am-C M2 M2 Magnesium Au-Fr M2 [68Gull]
Am-Co M2 M2 *As-Mn M2 BAPD lO(5) *Au-Ga M2 Binary Gold
Am-Cr M2 BAPD 6(5) AS-MO M2.91 [Molybdenum] Au-Gd M2 Binary Gold
Am-Cu M2 M2 AS-N M2 M2 *Au-Ge M2 Binary Gold
Am-Fe M2 M2 As-Na M2 M2 Au-H M2 Binary Gold
Am-H M2 M2 AS-Nb M2 M2 Au-He M2 Binary Gold
Am-Ir M2 M2 *AS-Nd M2 BAPD 7(4) Au-Hf M2 Binary Gold
Am-Mo M2 [Molybdenum] *As-Ni M2 Binary Nickel *Au-Hg M2 BAPD 1 q 1 )
Am-N M2 M2 AS-Np M2 M2 Au-Ho M2 Binary Gold
Am-Ni M2 Binary Nickel AS-0 M2 M2 Au-I M2 Binary Gold
Am-0 M2,91 [Elliott] AS-0s M2 M2 *Au-In M2 Indium
Am-0s M2 M2 *ASP M2 JPE 12(3) Au-Ir M2 Binary Gold
Am-P M2 M2 As-Pa M2 M2 *Au-K M2 Binary Gold
Am-Pd M2 M2 *AS-Pb M2 BAPD 1l(2) Au-Kr M2 Binary Gold
Am-Pt M2 BAPD lO(2) *AS-Pd M2.91.92 BAPD I I(5) *Au-La M2 Binary Gold
Am-Pu M2 [66Ell] As-Pm *Au-Li M2 Binary Gold
Am-Rh M2 M2 As-Pr BAPD 7(4) Au-Lu M2 Binary Gold
Am-Ru M2 M2 AS-Pt BAPD 1l(5) *Au-Mg M2 Binary
Am-S M2 M2 AS-Pu M2 Magnesium
Am-Sb M2 M2 AS-Rb M2 *Au-Mn M2 Binary Gold
Am-Se M2 M2 As-Re M2 Au-MO M2 Binary Gold
Am-Si M2 M2 AS-Rh M2 Au-N M2 Binary Gold
Am-Te M2 M2 AS-RU M2 *Au-Na M2 Binary Gold
Am-W Binary *As3 M2 *Au-Nb M2 Binary Gold
Tungsten *AS-Sb M2 Au-Nd M2 Binary Gold
Ar- Au M2 Binary Gold As-SC BAPD 7(4) Au-Ne M2 Binary Gold
Ar-Be M2 Binary *As-Se M2 *Au-Ni M2 Binary Gold
Beryllium *As-Si BAPD 6(3) Au-Np M2 Binary Gold
Ar-Cu M2 Unpublished As-Sm M2 Au-0 M2 Binary Gold
Ar-Mg M2 Binary *As-Sn BAPD 1l(3) Au-0s M2 Binary Gold
Magnesium As-Sr M2 Au-P M2 Binary Gold
Ar-Mo M2 [Molybdenum] As-Ta M2 Au-Pa M2 Binary Gold
Ar-W Binary AS-Tb M2 *Au-Pb M2 Binary Gold
Tungsten AS-Tc M2 *Au-Pd M2 Binary Gold
*AS-AU M2 Binary Gold *As-Te M2 Au-Pm M2 Binary Gold
AS-B M2 M2 AS-Th [Smith] Au-PO M2 Binary Gold
As-Ba M2 M2 As-Ti Binary *Au-PI M2 Binary Gold
As-Be M2 Binary Titanium *Au-Pt M2 Binary Gold
Beryllium *AS-TI Unpublished *Au-PU M2 Binary Gold
*As-Bi M2 [53Gea] As-Tm M2 Au-Ra M2 Binary Gold
AS-Bk M2 M2 AS-U M2 *Au-Rb M2 Binary Gold
As-Br No Data As-V JPE 12(4) Au-Re M2 Binary Gold
As-C M2 M2 AS-W Binary Au-Rh M2 Binary Gold
As-Ca M2 M2 Tungsten Au-Rn M2 Binary Gold
*AS-Cd M2 JPE 13(2) AS-Y BAPD 7(4) Au-RU M2 Binary Gold
As-Ce M2 BAPD 7(3) *As-Yb M2 Au-S M2 Binary Gold
AS-Cf M2 M2 *As-Zn JPE 13(2) *Au-Sb M2 Binary Gold

(continued)
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams1207

Data Data Data Data Data Data

System Published source type System Published source type System Published source type

Au-SC M2 Binary Gold B-PU M2 Unpublished Ba-Np No Data

*Au-Se M2 Binary Gold B-Rb No Data Ba-0 M2 M2
*Au-Si M2 Binary Gold *B-Re M2 [72Por] Ba-0s NoData
Au-Sm M2 Binary Gold B-Rh M2 [Moffatt] *Ba-P M2 M2
*Au-Sn M2 Binary Gold *B-RU M2 [630br] *Ba-Pb M2 [Hansen]
*Au-Sr M2 Binary Gold B-S M2 [Moffatt] Ba-Pd M2,91 JPE 12(4)
Au-Ta M2 Binary Gold B-Sb M2.91 M2 Ba-Pm M2 M2
Au-Tb M2 Binary Gold *B-Sc M2 BAPD 1l(4) Ba-Po M2 M2
Au-TC M2 Binary Gold B-Se M2 [69Bor] Ba-Pr M2 BAPD 9(3)
*Au-Te M2 Binary Gold *B-Si M2 BAPD 5(5) Ba-Pt M2,91 JPE 12(4)
*Au-Th M2,91 Binary Gold B-Sm M2 Unpublished Ba-Pu M2 M2
*Au-Ti M2 Binary Gold B-Sn M2 M2 Ba-Rb M2 BAPD 5(5)
*Au-TI M2 Binary Gold B-Sr M2 M2 Ba-Re No Data
Au-Tm M2 Binary Gold *B-Ta M2 M2 Ba-Rh M2 M2
*Au-U M2 M2 B-Tb M2 BAPD 1l(4) Ba-Ru NoData
*Au-V M2 Binary B-TC M2 M2 Ba-S M2 M2
Vanadium B -Te No Data Ba-Sb M2 M2
Au-W M2 Binary B-Th M2 [Moffatt] Ba-Sc M2 M2
Tungsten *B-Ti M2 Binary *Ba-Se M2 JPE 12(4)
Au-Xe M2 Binary Gold Titanium *Ba-Si M2 [64Obi2]
Au-Y M2 Binary Gold B-TI M2,91 M2 Ba-Sm M2 BAPD 9(3)
*Au-Yb M2 Binary Gold B-Tm M2 Unpublished Ba-Sn M2,91 M2
*Au-Zn M2 BAPD lO(1) B-U M2 M2 Ba-Sr M2,91 BAPD 8(6)
*Au-Zr M2 Binary Gold *B-V M2.91 Binary Ba-Ta No Data
B-Ba M2 M2 Vanadium Ba-Tb M2 M2
B-Be M2 Binary *B-W M2,92 Binary Ba-Tc No Data
Beryllium Tungsten *Ba-Te M2 Unpublished
B-Bi M2,91 M2 *B-Y M2 Unpublished Ba-Th No Data
*B-C M2.92 M2 B-Yb M2 Unpublished Ba-Ti M2 Binary
B-Ca M2 M2 B-Zn M2.91 M2 Titanium
B-Cd M2 Unpublished *B-Zr M2 [Zirconium] *Ba-TI M2 [66Bru]
B-Ce M2 Unpublished Ba-Be M2,91 Binary Ba-Tm M2 M2
B-Cm No Data Bery llium Ba-U NoData
*B-Co M2 BAPD 9(4) Ba-Bi M2 [38Gru] Ba-V M2 Binary
*B-Cr M2 BAPD 7(3) Ba-Br M2 M2 Vanadium
B-CS No Data Ba-C M2 M2 Binary
*B-CU M2 BAPD 3(1) *Ba-Ca M2 BAPD 7(4) Tungsten
B-Dy M2 Unpublished *Ba-Cd M2 M2 Ba-Y M2 M3
B -Er M2 Unpublished Ba-Ce M2 M2 Ba-Yb M2,91 BAPD 9(3)
B-Eu M2 Unpublished Ba-CI M2 M2 *Ba-Zn M2 JPE 12(4)
*B-Fe M2 Binary Iron Ba-Crn No Data Ba-Zr No Data
B-Ga M2,91 M2 Ba-Co M2 Unpublished Be-Bi M2 Binary
B-Gd M2 Unpublished Ba-Cr M2 BAPD 6(3) Beryllium
B-Ge M2 BAPD 5(5) Ba-Cs M2 BAPD 5(5) Be-Br M2 Binary
B-H M2 M2 *Ba-Cu M2 BAPD 5(6) Beryllium
B-Hf M2 M2 Ba-Dy M2 M2 Binary
B-Hg M2 Unpublished Ba-Er M2 M2 Beryllium
B-HO M2 Unpublished Ba-Eu M2.91 BAPD 9(3) Be-Ca M2,91 Binary
B -In M2 Indium Ba-F M2 M2 Beryllium
B-Ir M2 M2 B a-Fe M2 M2 Be-Cd M2 Binary
B-K M2 M2 *Ba-Ga M2 JPE 12(5) Beryllium
B-La M2,91 Unpublished Ba-Gd M2 M2 Be-Ce M2 Binary
B-Li M2 BAPD lO(3) *Ba-Ge M2 M2 Beryllium
B-Lu M2 Unpublished *Ba-H M2 [60Pet 1] Binary
B-Mg M2 Binary Ba-Hf No Data Beryllium
Magnesium *Ba-Hg M2 M2 Be-Cm M2 Binary
*B-Mn M2,91 BAPD 7(6) Ba-Ho M2 M2 Beryllium
*B-Mo M2,91 BAPD 9(4) Ba-I M2 M2 BAPD 9(5)
B -N M2 M2 *Ba-In M2 Indium Binary
B-Na M2 M2 Ba-Ir No Data Beryllium
*B-Nb M2 M2 Ba-K M2 BAPD 5(5) Be-Cs M2 Binary
B-Nd M2 Unpublished Ba-La M2 M2 Beryllium
*B-Ni M2 Binary Nickel *Ba-Li M2 BAPD 5(5) *Be-Cu M2,92 BAPD 8(3)
B-Np M2 M2 Ba-Lu M2 M2 Be-Dy M2 Binary
B-0 M2 M2 *Ba-Mg M2 Binary Bery llium
B-0s M2 M2 Magnesium Be-Er M2 Binary
B-P M2 M2 Ba-Mn M2 [640bi I] Bery llium
B-Pa M2 M2 Ba-Mo M2 M2 Be-Eu M2 Binary
B-Pb M2 M2 Ba-N M2 M2 Beryllium
*B-Pd M2 Unpublished *Ba-Na M2 BAPD 6(1) Binary
B-Pm M2 Unpublished Ba-Nb No Data Beryllium
B-Pr M2 Unpublished Ba-Nd M2 BAPD 9(3) Binary Iron
*B-Pt M2 M2 Ba-Ni M2 Binary Nickel
208/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Data Data Data Data Data Data

System Published source type System Published source tvoe System Published source
tvue
Be-Ga Binary Be-S M2 Binary Bi-Lu M2 M2
Beryllium Beryllium *Bi-Mg M2 Binary
Be-Gd Binary Be-Sb M2 Binary Magnesium
Beryllium Beryllium *Bi-Mn M2 M2
Be-Ge Binary Be-Sc M2 Binary Bi-Mo M2 M2
Beryllium Beryllium Bi-N M2 M2
Be-H Binary Be-Se M2 Binary *Bi-Na M2 JPE 12(4)
Beryllium Beryllium Bi-Nb M2 [Moffatt]
*Be-Hf Binary *Be-Si M2 Binary *Bi-Nd M2 BAPD 1O(4a)
Beryllium Beryllium *Bi-Ni M2 Binary Nickel
Be-Hg Binary Be-Sm M2 Binary Bi-Np M2 M2
Beryllium Beryllium Bi-0 M2 M2
Be-Ho Binary Be-Sn M2 Binary Bi-0s M2 Unpublished
Beryllium Beryllium Bi-P M2 M2
Be-I Binary Be-Sr M2 Binary Bi-Pa M2 BAPD 2(4)
Beryllium Beryllium *Bi-Pb M2,92 JPE 13(1)
Be-In Indium Be-Ta M2 Binary *Bi-Pd M2 Unpublished
Be-Ir Binary Beryllium Bi-Pm No Data
Beryllium Be-Tb M2 Binary Bi-Po M2 M2
Be-K Binary Beryllium Bi-Pr M2 M2
Beryllium Be-Tc M2 Binary *Bi-Pt M2 JPE 12(2)
Be-La Binary Beryllium Bi-Pu M2 [Chiotti]
Beryllium Be-Te M2 Binary *Bi-Rb M2 Unpublished
Be-Li Binary Beryllium Bi-Re M2 M2
Beryllium *Be-Th M2 Binary Bi-Rh M2 plliott]
Be-Lu Binary Beryllium Bi-Ru M2 [Moffatt]
Beryllium *Be-Ti M2 Binary *Bi-S M2 Unpublished
Be-Mg Binary Beryllium *Bi-Sb M2 Unpublished
Magnesium Be-TI No Data Bi-Sc M2 BAPD 10(4a)
Be-Mn Binary Be-Tm M2 Binary *Bi-Se M2 Unpublished
Beryllium Beryllium Bi-Si M2 BAPD 6(4)
Be-Mo Binary Be-U M2 Binary *Bi-Sm M2 M2
Beryllium Beryllium *Bi-Sn M2 M2
Be-N Binary Be-V M2 Binary *Bi-Sr M2 [Elliott]
Beryllium Vanadium Bi-Ta M2,92 JPE 13(3)
Be-Na Binary *Be-W M2 Binary Bi-Tb M2 M2
Beryllium Tungsten Bi-Tc No Data
*Be-Nb Binary Be-Y M2 Binary *Bi-Te M2 Unpublished
Beryllium Beryllium Bi-Th M2 M2
Be-Nd Binary Be-Yb M2 Binary Bi-Ti M2 Binary
Beryllium Beryllium Titanium
*Be-Ni Binary Nickel Be-Zn M2 Binary *Bi-TI M2 Unpublished
Be-Np Binary Beryllium Bi-Tm M2 M2
Beryllium *Be-Zr M2 Binary *Bi-U M2 [Chiotti]
Be-0 Binary Beryllium Bi-V M2 Binary
Beryllium Bi-Br M2 M2 Vanadium
Be-0s Binary Bi-C M2 Unpublished Bi-W M2 Binary
Beryllium *Bi-Ca M2,91 M2 Tungsten
Be-P Binary *Bi-Cd M2 BAPD 9(4) Bi-Xe M2 [Elliott]
Beryllium Bi-Ce M2 BAPD 9(4) *Bi-Y M2 BAPD 10(4a)
Be-Pa Binary Bi-C1 M2 M2 *Bi-Yb M2 M2
Beryllium Bi-Cm M2 M2 *Bi-Zn M2,91 M2
Be-Pb Binary Bi-Co M2 JPE 12(3) *Bi-Zr M2.91 BAPD 1l(3)
Beryllium Bi-Cr M2 BAPD 9(3) Bk-Mo M2 [Molybdenum]
*Be-Pd Binary *Bi-Cs M2 JPE 12(4) Bk-N M2 M2
Beryllium *Bi-Cu M2 BAPD S(2) Bk-0 M2 M2
Be-Pm M2 Bi-Dy M2 BAPD lO(4a) Bk-P M2 M2
Be-Po Binary Bi-Er M2 M2 Bk-S M2 M2
Beryllium Bi-Eu M2 BAPD 10(4a) Bk-Sb M2 M2
Be-Pr Binary Bi-Fe M2 Binary Iron Bk-W Binary
Beryllium *Bi-Ga M2 M2 Tungsten
Be-Pt Binary Bi-Gd M2 BAPD lO(4a) Br-Cu M2 Unpublished
Beryllium *Bi-Ge M2 BAPD 7(6) Br-In M2 Indium
Be-Pu Binary Bi-H M2 M2 Br-K M2 M2
Beryllium Bi-Hf M2 M2 Br-Mg M2 Binary
Be-Rb Binary *Bi-Hg M2 Unpublished Magnesium
Beryllium Bi-Ho M2 M2 Br-Mo M2 M2
Be-Re Binary Bi-I M2 M2 Br-Na M2 M2
Beryllium *Bi-In M2 Indium Br-Ni M2 Binary Nickel
Be-Rh Binary Bi-Ir M2 M2 Br-Rb M2 M2
Beryllium *Bi-K M2 JPE 12 (1) Br-Sc M2 M2
Be-Ru Binary *Bi-La M2 BAPD 1O(4a) Br-Sr M2 M2
Beryllium *Bi-Li M2 JPE 12(4) Br-Te M2 M2
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagramsl2.9

Data Data Data Data Data Data

System Published source type System Published source type System Published source type

Br-W M2 Binary Ca-Ce M2 BAPD 8(6) Cd-Ce M2 BAPD 9(1)

Tungsten Ca-C1 M2 M2 Cd-Co M2 M2
C-Ca M2 M2 Ca-Cm No Data Cd-Cr M2 JPE 13(2)
C-Cd M2 M2 Ca-Co M2 M2 Cd-Cs M2 BAPD 8(6)
C-Ce M2 M2 Ca-Cr M2 BAPD 6(3) *Cd-CU M2 BAPD 1l(2)
*C-Co M2 JPE 12(4) Ca-Cs M2 BAPD 6(2) Cd-Dy M2 BAPD 9(1)
*C-Cr M2 BAPD 1l(2) *Ca-Cu M2 BAPD 5(6) Cd-Er M2 BAPD 9( 1)
C-Cs M2 [87Gor] Ca-Dy M2 BAPD 8(6) *Cd-EU M2 BAPD 9(1)
*C-Cu M2 Unpublished Ca-Er M2 BAPD 8(6) Cd-Fe M2 Binary Iron
C-Dy M2 BAPD 7(5) Ca-Eu M2 BAPD 8(6) *Cd-Ga M2 Unpublished
C-Er M2 BAPD 7(5) Ca-F M2 M2 *Cd-Gd M2 BAPD 9(1)
C-EU M2 BAPD 7(5) Ca-Fe M2 Binary Iron *Cd-Ge M2 BAPD 7(2)
*C-Fe M2 Binary Iron *Ca-Ga M2,92 JPE 13(3) Cd-H M2 M2
C-Ga No Data Ca-Gd M2 BAPD 8(6) Cd-Hf M2 M2
C-Gd M2 BAPD 7(5) *Ca-Ge M2 M2 *Cd-Hg M2 JPE 13(4)
C-Ge M2 BAPD 5(5) Ca-H M2 M2 Cd-Ho M2 BAPD 9(1)
*C-Hf M2 BAPD 1l(4) *Ca-Hg M2 M2 *Cd-In M2 JPE 13(3)
C-Hg M2 M2 Ca-Ho M2 M2 Cd-Ir No Data
C-Ho M2 BAPD 7(5) *Ca-In M2 Indium Cd-K M2 BAPD 8(6)
C-In M2 Indium Ca-Ir M2 Unpublished Cd-Kr M2 M2
C-Ir M2 M2 Ca-K M2 BAPD 6(1) *Cd-La M2 BAPD 9(1)
C-K M2 M2 Ca-La M2 BAPD 8(6) *Cd-Li M2 BAPD 9(1)
*C-La M2 BAPD 7(5) *Ca-Li M2 BAPD 8(2) Cd-Lu M2 BAPD 9(1)
C-Li M2 BAPD lO(1) Ca-Lu M2 M2 *Cd-Mg M2 BAPD 5(1)
C-Lu M2 BAPD 7(6) *Ca-Mg M2 Binary Cd-Mn M2 Unpublished
C-Mg M2 Binary Magnesium Cd-Mo M2 M2
Magnesium Ca-Mn M2 [Shunk] Cd-N M2 BAPD 9(3)
*C-Mn M2 M2 Ca-Mo M2 M2 *Cd-Na M2 BAPD Y(1)
*C-Mo M2 M2 Ca-N M2 BAPD 1l(5) Cd-Nb M2 M2
C-Na M2 M2 *Ca-Na M2 BAPD 6(1) Cd-Nd M2 BAPD 9(2)
C-Nb M2 Unpublished Ca-Nb M2 M2 *Cd-Ni M2 Binary Nickel
C-Nd M2 BAPD 7(6) *Ca-Nd M2 BAPD 8(6) Cd-Np M2 BAPD 2(4)
*C-Ni M2 Binary Nickel *Ca-Ni M2,91 Binary Nickel Cd-0 M2 BAPD 8(2)
C-Np M2 M2 Ca-Np No Data Cd-0s M2 M2
C-0s M2 [Moffatt] *Ca-0 M2 BAPD 6(4) *Cd-P M2 M2
C-Pa M2 M2 Ca-0s No Data *Cd-Pb M2 BAPD 9(6)
C-Pb M2 M2 Ca-P M2 M2 Cd-Pd M2 M2
C-Pd M2 M2 *Ca-Pb M2 JPE 13(2) Cd-Pm M2 M2
C-Po M2 M2 *Ca-Pd M2,92 M2 Cd-Po M2 M2
*C-Pr M2 M2 Ca-Pm M2 M2 Cd-Pr M2 BAPD 9(2)
C-Pt M2 M2 Ca-Po M2 M2 Cd-Pt M2 [52Now]
C-Pu M2 M2 Ca-Pr M2 BAPD 8(6) Cd-PU M2 [64Wit]
C-Rb M2 M2 *Ca-Pt M2 M2 Cd-Rb M2 BAPD 8(6)
C-Re M2 M2 Ca-Pu M2 BAPD 1O(4a) Cd-Re M2 M2
C-Rh M2 M2 Ca-Rb M2 BAPD 6(1) Cd-Rh M2 M2
C-RU M2 M2 Ca-Re No Data Cd-RU No Data
C-Sb M2 M2 Ca-Rh M2 M2 Cd-S M2 Unpublished
*C-Sc M2 M2 Ca-Ru No Data *Cd-Sb M2 M2
C-Se M2 M2 Ca-S M2 M2 Cd-SC M2 BAPD Y(2)
*C-Si M2 BAPD 5(5) *Ca-Sb M2 M2 *Cd-Se M2 Unpublished
C-Sm M2 BAPD 7(6) Ca-Sc M2 M2 Cd-Si M2 BAPD 6(6)
C-Sn M2 M2 Ca-Se M2 M2 *Cd-Sm M2 BAPD 9(2)
C-Sr M2 M2 *Ca-Si M2 M2 *Cd-Sn M2 BAPD lO(3)
*C-Ta M2 [86Barl] Ca-Sm M2 BAPD 8(6) *Cd-Sr M2 M2
C-Tb M2 BAPD 7(6) Ca-Sn M2,Y 1 M2 Cd-Ta No Data
C-TC M2,91 M2 *Ca-Sr M2 BAPD 7(5) Cd-Tb M2 BAPD 9(2)
C-Te No Data Ca-Ta No Data Cd-TC M2 M2
*C-Th M2 [69Ben I] Ca-Tb M2 M2 *Cd-Te M2 BAPD lO(4)
*C-Ti M2 Binary Ca-Te M2 M2 *Cd-Th M2 Unpublished
Titanium Ca-Th No Data Cd-Ti M2 Binary
C-TI M2 M2 Ca-Ti M2 Binary Titanium
C-Tm M2 BAPD 7(6) Titanium *Cd-TI M2 M2
*C-u M2 [67Sto,6YBen2] *Ca-TI M2 M2 Cd-Tm M2 BAPD 9(2)
Ca-Tm M2 M2 Cd-u M2 BAPD l(2)
*C-v M2,91 Binary Ca-U M2 M2 Cd-v M2 Binary
Vanadium Ca-V M2 Binary Vanadium
*C-W M2,Y 1 Binary Vanadium Cd-W M2 Binary
Tungsten Ca-W M2 Binary Tungsten
*C-Y M2 BAPD 7(6) Tungsten *Cd-Y M2 BAPD 9(2)
C-Yb M2 BAPD 7(6) Ca-Y M2 BAPD 8(6) *Cd-Yb M2 BAPD Y(2)
C-Zn M2 M2 *Ca-Yb M2 BAPD 8(6) *Cd-Zn M2 BAPD 5(1)
*C-Zr M2 M2 *Ca-Zn M2 BAPD 1l(4) Cd-Zr M2 [Zirconium]
*Ca-Cd M2 M2 Ca-Zr No Data Ce-C1 M2 M2
2=1O/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Data Data Data Data Data Data

System Published source type System Published source type System Published source type

Ce-Cm No Data Cf-Pt M2 M2 *CO-MO M2 [Molybdenum]

*Ce-Co M2 [74Gscl] Cf-S M2 M2 CO-N M2 Unpublished
Ce-Cr M2 BAPD 1l(5) Cf-Sb M2 M2 Co-Na M2 BAPD 1l(5)
Ce-Cs No Data Cf-W Binary *CO-Nb M2 [67Par]
*Ce-Cu M2 BAPD 9(3a) Tungsten *CO-Nd M2 [74Ray21
Ce-Dy M2 BAPD 3(1) *C1-Cs M2 M2 *Co-Ni M2 Binary Nickel
Ce-Er M2 M2 CI-Cu M2 Unpublished CO-Np M2 M2
Ce-Eu M2 BAPD 3(2) CI-Dy M2 M2 CO-0 M2 M2
*Ce-Fe M2 Binary Iron CI-Er M2 M2 CO-0s M2 [52Kos]
*Ce-Ga M2 M2 *CI-Ga M2 M2 *CO-P M2 BAPD 1l(6)
Ce-Gd M2 BAPD 3(2) CI-Gd M2 M2 CO-Pb M2 M2
*Ce-Ge M2 BAPD lO(2) *CI-Hg M2 M2 *CO-Pd M2,91 JPE 12(1)
Ce-H M2 M2 *CI-In M2 Indium Co-Pm NoData
Ce-Hf M2 M2 C1-K M2 M2 *Co-Pr M2 [74Ray 11
Ce-Hg M2 Unpublished C1-La M2 M2 *CO-Pt M2 M2
Ce-Ho M2 M2 C1-Mg M2 Binary *CO-PU M2 [6 1Pool
*Ce-In M2 Indium Magnesium CO-Rb M2 Unpublished
*Ce-Ir M2 JPE 12(5) CI-MO M2 M2 *Co-Re M2 M2
Ce-La M2 BAPD 2(4) *CI-Na M2 M2 CO-Rh M2 [52Kos]
Ce-Li No Data CI-Ni M2 Binary Nickel CO-RU M2 [52Kos]
Ce-Lu M2 M2 CI-Pd M2 M2 *CO-S M2 [08Fri]
*Ce-Mg M2 Binary CI-Rb M2 M2 *CO-Sb M2,91 BAPD 1l(3)
Magnesium CI-Sc M2 M2 CO-SC M2 [Moffatt]
*Ce-Mn M2 Unpublished CI-Sn M2 M2 *Co-Se M2 M2
Ce-Mo M2 Unpublished C1-Sr M2 M2 *Co-Si M2 JPE 12(5)
Ce-N M2 [74Gsc2] C1-Te M2 M2 *Co-Sm M2 [Moffatt]
Ce-Na No Data C1-Th M2 M2 *Co-Sn M2 JPE 12(1)
Ce-Nb M2 M2 C1-TI M2 M2 Co-Sr M2 JPE 13(3)
Ce-Nd M2 M2 C1-Tm M2 M2 *Co-Ta M2,91 [86Bar2]
*Ce-Ni M2 Binary Nickel C1-W M2 Binary *CO-Tb M2 M2
Ce-Np No Data Tungsten CO-TC M2 M2
*Ce-0 M2 M2 CI-Y M2 M2 *Co-Te M2 Unpublished
Ce-0s M2 M2 CI-Yb M2 M2 *CO-Th M2 Unpublished
Ce-P M2 M2 Cm-Cr M2 BAPD 6(5) Co-Ti M2 Binary
Ce-Pb M2 M2 Cm-Cu M2 M2 Titanium
*Ce-Pd M2,91 M2 Cm-Ir M2 M2 *CO-TI M2 M2
Ce-Pm M2 M2 Cm-Mo M2 [Molybdenurn] Co-Tm M2 M2
Ce-Po M2 [Shunk] Cm-N M2 M2 CO-U M2 Unpublished
Ce-Pr M2 BAPD 3(2) Cm-0 M2 M2 *CO-V M2 JPE 12(3)
Ce-Pt M2 M2 Cm-P M2 M2 *CO-W M2 Binary
*Ce-Pu M2 [Plutonium] Cm-Pd M2 M2 Tungsten
Ce-Rh No Data Cm-Pt M2 BAPD lO(2) *CO-Y M2,92 JPE 12(5)
Ce-Re M2 M2 Cm-Rh M2 M2 CO-Yb M2 [76Ian]
Ce-Rh M2 M2 Cm-S M2 M2 *Co-Zn M2 M2
Ce-Ru M2,92 M2 Cm-Sb M2 M2 Co-Zr M2 [64Pec]
*Ce-S M2 [74Gscl] Cm-Se M2 M2 Cr-Cs M2 BAPD 5(4)
Ce-Sb M2 M2 Cm-Si M2 M2 *Cr-Cu M2 BAPD 5(4)
Ce-Sc M2 BAPD 3(2) Cm-Te M2 M2 Cr-Dy M2 M2
Ce-Se M2 M2 Cm-W M2 Binary Cr-Er M2 M2
*Ce-Si M2 BAPD lO(1) Tungsten Cr-Eu M2 M2
Ce-Sm M2 BAPD 3(2) *Co-Cr M2 BAPD 1l(4) *Cr-Fe M2 Binary Iron
*Ce-Sn M2 M2 Co-Cs No Data *Cr-Ga M2 [72Bor]
Ce-Sr No Data *Co-Cu M2 BAPD 5(2) Cr-Gd M2 [Elliott]
Ce-Ta M2 [66Den 1] *CO-Dy M2 M2 *Cr-Ge M2 BAPD 7(5)
Ce-Tb M2 M2 *Co-Er M2 M2 Cr-H M2 JPE 12(6)
Ce-Tc M2 M2 CO-Eu No Data *Cr-Hf M2 BAPD 7(6)
*Ce-Te M2 M2 *Co-Fe M2 Binary Iron Cr-Hg M2 BAPD 1O(2)
Ce-Th M2 M2 *Co-Ga M2 M2 Cr-Ho M2 [75Sve]
*Ce-Ti M2 Binary *Co-Gd M2 M2 Cr-In M2 Indium
Titanium *Co-Ge M2 JPE 12(1) *Cr-Ir M2 BAPD ll(1)
*Ce-TI M2 Unpublished CO-H M2 M2 Cr-K M2 BAPD 5(4)
Ce-Tm M2 M2 *Co-Hf M2 JPE 12(4) Cr-La M2 M2
Ce-U M2 [Elliott] Co-Hg M2 M2 Cr-Li M2 BAPD 5(4)
Ce-V M2 Binary *CO-HO M2 M2 *Cr-Lu M2,92 [Moffatt]
Vanadium Co-In M2 Indium Cr-Mg M2 Binary
Ce-W M2 Binary Co-Ir M2 [52Kos] Magnesium
Tungsten CO-K M2 Unpublished *Cr-Mn M2 BAPD 7(5)
Ce-Y M2 BAPD 3(2) Co-La M2 [74Ray 11 *Cr-Mo M2 BAPD 8(3)
Ce-Yb M2 BAPD 3(1) Co-Li M2 BAPD 1l(5) Cr-N M2 Unpublished
*Ce-Zn M2 M2 Co-Lu M2 M2 Cr-Na M2 BAPD 5(4)
Ce-Zr M2,91 JPE 12(1) Co-Mg M2 Binary *Cr-Nb M2 BAPD 7(5)
Cf-Mo M2 [Molybdenum] Magnesium Cr-Nd M2 [Moffatt]
Cf-0 M2 M2 *Co-Mn M2 BAPD 1l(2) *Cr-Ni M2 Binary Nickel

(continued)
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams/2-11

Data Data Data Data Data Data

System Published source type System Published source type System Published source type

Cr-Np M2 BAPD 6(5) Cs-Pt M2 [8 1Loe] T Cu-Ra M2 [68Gull]

"0-0 M2 [8OBan] Cs-Pu No Data CU-Rb M2 BAPD 7(1)
*Cr-0s M2 BAPD ll(1) *CS-Rb M2 BAPD 4(4) D Cu-Re M2 Unpublished
Cr-P M2 BAPD 1l(5) Cs-Re No Data *Cu-Rh M2 BAPD 2(4)
Cr-Pb M2 BAPD 9(2) CS-Rh M2 [8 ILoe] T Cu-Rn M2 Unpublished
*Cr-Pd M2 BAPD 1l(1) CS-RU M2 [8 ILoe] T Cu-RU M2,92 Unpublished
Cr-Pm No Data *Cs-S M2 [Smithells] D *Cu-S M2 BAPD 4(3)
Cr-Po M2 BAPD 9(2) *CS-Sb M2 [61Dor2] D *CU-Sb M2 M2
Cr-Pr M2 M2 Cs-Sc No Data Cu-Sc M2 BAPD 9(3a)
*Cr-Pt M2 BAPD ll(1) *Cs-Se M2 *Cu-Se M2 BAPD 2(3)
Cr-Pu M2 BAPD 6(5) Cs-Si M2 *Cu-Si M2 BAPD 7(2)
Cr-Ra M2 BAPD 6(4) Cs-Sm No Data Cu-Sm M2 BAPD 9(3a)
Cr-Rb M2 BAPD 5(4) *Cs-Sn M2 [87Mel] D *Cu-Sn M2 BAPD 1l(3)
*Cr-Re M2 BAPD 8(2) Cs-Sr M2 BAPD 6(1) T *Cu-Sr M2 BAPD 5(4)
*Cr-Rh M2 BAPD 8(2) Cs-Ta M2,91 JAPD 6(2) D Cu-Ta M2 BAPD lO(6)
*Cr-Ru M2 BAPD 8(2) *Cs-Te M2 Unpublished D CU-Tb M2 BAPD 9(3a)
*Cr-S M2,91 Unpublished CS-Th No Data CU-TC M2 Unpublished
*Cr-Sb M2,92 BAPD 1l(5) Cs-Ti M2 BAPD lO(2) D *Cu-Te M2 Unpublished
*Cr-Sc M2 BAPD 6(5) *CS-TI M2 [8 lBus] D *Cu-Th M2 BAPD 7(1)
*Cr-Se M2 Unpublished Cs-Tm No Data *Cu-Ti M2 Binary
*Cr-Si M2 BAPD 8(5) Cs-u No Data Titanium
Cr-Sm M2 [73Sve] Cs-v M2 Binary D *Cu-TI M2 BAPD 5(2)
*Cr-Sn M2 BAPD 9(2) Vanadium Cu-Tm M2 BAPD 9(3a)
Cr-Sr M2 BAPD 6(4) Cs-W M2 Binary T Cu-u M2 [Metals]
*Cr-Ta M2 BAPD 8(2) Tungsten *Cu-v M2 Binary
Cr-Tb M2 [7 E v e ] Cs-Y No Data Vanadium
Cr-Tc M2 BAPD 7(6) CS-Yb No Data Cu-W M2 Binary
*Cr-Te M2 Unpublished Cs-Zn M2 BAPD 8(5) T Tungsten
Cr-Th M2 BAPD 6(5) Cs-Zr M2 BAPD 8(1) D Cu-Xe M2 Unpublished
*Cr-Ti M2 Binary *CU-Dy M2 BAPD 9(3a) D Cu-Y M2,92 BAPD 2(3)
Titanium *Cu-Er M2 BAPD 9(3a) D *CU-Yb M2 BAPD 9(3a)
Cr-TI No Data *CU-EU M2 BAPD 9(3a) D *Cu-Zn M2 Unpublished
Cr-Tm M2 M2 CU-F M2 Unpublished T *Cu-Zr M2 BAPD 1l(5)
*Cr-U M2 BAPD 6(5) *Cu-Fe M2 Binary Iron D D-Fe Binary Iron
*Cr-V M2 Binary Cu-Fr M2 M2 T D-Nb M2 BAPD 4(1)
Vanadium *Cu-Ga M2 Unpublished D D-Ta 92 [90Con]
*Cr-W M2 Binary *CU-Gd M2 BAPD 9(3a) D D-V M2 Binary
Tungsten *Cu-Ge M2 BAPD 7(1) D Vanadium
Cr-Y M2,92 BAPD 6(5) *CU-H M2 [86Bar3] D Dy-Er M2 BAPD 4(3)
Cr-Yb M2 M2 Cu-He M2 Unpublished T *Dy-Fe M2 Binary Iron
Cr-Zn M2 JPE 13(2) *Cu-Hf M2 BAPD 9(1) D *Dy-Ga M2 [Moffatt]
*Cr-Zr M2 BAPD 7(3) *Cu-Hg M2 BAPD 6(6) D D y-Gd M2 BAPD 4(3)
Cs-Cu M2 BAPD 8(1) CU-HO M2 BAPD 9(3a) D *Dy-Ge M2,91 [77Ere]
CS-F M2 M2 Cu-I M2 M2 T Dy-H M2 [58Mul]
Cs-Fe M2 Binary Iron *Cu-In M2,91 Indium D Dy-Hf No Data
Cs-Ga M2 BAPD 1l(4) *Cu-Ir M2 BAPD 8(2) D Dy-Hg M2 Unpublished
*Cs-Ge M2 M2 CU-K M2 BAPD 7(3) T D y-HO M2 BAPD 4(3)
CS-H M2 M2 Cu-Kr M2 Unpublished T Dy-I M2 M2
CS-Hf M2 BAPD 8(1) *Cu-La M2,91 BAPD 2(3) D *Dy-In M2 Indium
*CS-Hg M2 [Hansen] *Cu-Li M2 BAPD 7(2) D Dy-Ir M2 JPE 13(2)
Cs-HO No Data Cu-Lu M2 BAPD 9(3a) D Dy-K No Data
Cs-I M2 M2 *Cu-Mg M2,92 Binary D Dy-La M2 M2
*Cs-In M2 Indium Magnesium Dy-Lu M2 M2
Cs-Ir M2 M2 *Cu-Mn M2 Unpublished D DY-Mg M2,92 Binary
*CS-K M2 BAPD 4(4) CU-MO M2 BAPD 1l(2) D Magnesium
Cs-La No Deta CU-N M2 M2 T *Dy-Mn M2 [67Kirl]
Cs-Li M2 BAPD lO(3) Cu-Na M2 BAPD 7(2) D Dy-MO M2 M2
Cs-Lu No Data *Cu-Nb M2,91 BAPD 2(4) D Dy-N M2 M2
CS-Mg M2 Binary *Cu-Nd M2 BAPD 9(3a) D Dy-Na No Data
Magnesium Cu-Ne M2 Unpublished T Dy-Nb No Data
Cs-MO M2.91 M2 *Cu-Ni M2 BinaryNickel D Dy-Nd M2 BAPD 3(3)
CS-N M2 M2 CU-Np M2 M2 T *Dy-Ni M2 Binary Nickel
*Cs-Na M2 BAPD 3(3) *Cu-0 M2,91 BAPD 5(2) D DY-NP No Data
CS-Nb M2 BAPD 9(1) Cu-0s M2 Unpublished D Dy-0 M2 M2
CS-Nd No Data *Cu-P M2 M2 D Dy-0s M2 [80Pa1,59Boz]
Cs-Ni No Data Cu-Pa M2 M2 T Dy-P M2 M2
Cs-Np No Data *CU-Pb M2 BAPD 5(5) D *Dy-Pb M2 [68Mcm]
*Cs-0 M2 M2 *CU-Pd M2 JPE 12(2) D *Dy-Pd M2 M2
Cs-0s M2 [8 1Loe] Cu-Pm M2 BAPD 9(3a) D Dy-Pm M2 M2
Cs-P M2 M2 Cu-Po M2 Unpublished T Dy-PO M2 M2
CS-Pb M2 M2 Cu-Pr M2 BAPD 9(3a) D Dy-Pr M2 M2
Cs-Pd M2 [8 lLoe] *Cu-Pt M2 Unpublished D Dy-Pt M2 M2
Cs-Pr M2 M2 *Cu-Pu M2 [67Kut 11 D Dy-PU M2,92 M2
201 2/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Data Data Data Data Data Data

System Published source type System Published source type System Published source type

Dy-Re M2 [65Ell] Er-Ta M2 [66Den 1] Eu-W Binary

Dy-Rh M2 M2 Er-Tb M2 BAPD 4(3) Tungsten
Dy-RU M2 M2 Er-Tc M2 M2 Eu-Y M2
*Dy-S M2 M2 *Er-Te M2 M2 Eu-Yb M2
*Dy-Sb M2 M2 Er-Th M2 M2 Eu-Zn M2
Dy-SC No Data *Er-Ti M2 Binary Eu-Zr M2
Dy-Se M2 M2 Titanium F-In Indium
Dy-Si M2 M2 *Er-TI M2 Unpublished F-K M2
Dy-Sm M2 M2 Er-Tm M2 M2 F-Mg Binary
*Dy-Sn M2 M2 Er-U M2 M2 Magnesium
Dy-Sr No Data Er-V M2 Binary F-MO M2
Dy-Ta M2 [66Den 11 Vanadium F-Na M2
Dy-Tb M2 M2 Er-W M2 Binary F-Ni Binary Nickel
Dy-Tc M2 M2 Tungsten F-Rb M2
*Dy-Te M2 M2 Er-Y M2 BAPD 4(1) F-Sm M2
Dy-Th M2 [69Bad] Er-Yb M2 M2 F-Sn M2
Dy-Ti M2 M2 Er-Zn M2 M2 F-W Binary
*D y -TI M2 Unpublished Er-Zr M2 [Zirconium] Tungsten
Dy-Tm M2 M2 Es-MO M2 [Molybdenum] F-Yb M2
Dy-U M2 M2 Es-0 M2 M2 *Fe-Ga Binary Iron
Dy-V M2 Binary Es-W Binary *Fe-Gd Binary Iron
Vanadium Tungsten *Fe-Ge Binary Iron
Dy-W M2 Binary Eu-Fe M2 Binary Iron *Fe-H Binary Iron
Tungsten *Eu-Ga M2 [78Yat] *Fe-Hf Binary Iron
Dy-Y M2 BAPD 4(1) *Eu-Ge M2 JPE 12(4) Fe-Hg Binary Iron
Dy-Yb M2 M2 Eu-H M2 M2 *Fe-Ho Binary Iron
Dy-Zn M2 M2 Eu-Hf M2 M2 Fe-In Binary Iron
*Dy-Zr M2 [60Cro] Eu-Hg M2 Unpublished *Fe-Ir Binary Iron
*Er-Fe M2 Binary Iron Eu-HO M2 BAPD 4(2) Fe-K Binary Iron
*Er-Ga M2 M2 *Eu-In M2 Indium *Fe-La Binary Iron
Er-Gd M2 BAPD 4(3) Eu-Ir M2 Unpublished Fe-Li Binary Iron
*Er-Ge M2 M2 Eu-K No Data *Fe-Lu Binary Iron
Er-H M2 [58Mul] Eu-La M2,91 M2 Fe-Mg Binary Iron
Er-Hf M2 [Hafnium] *Eu-Mg M2.92 Binary *Fe-Mn Binary Iron
Er-Hg M2 Unpublished Magnesium *Fe-Mo Binary Iron
Er-Ho M2 BAPD 4(3) Eu-Mn M2 M2 *Fe-N Binary Iron
Er-I M2 M2 Eu-MO M2 M2 Fe-Na Binary Iron
*Er-In M2 Indium Eu-N M2 M2 *Fe-Nb Binary Iron
Er-Ir M2 JPE 13(2) Eu-Na No Data *Fe-Nd Binary Iron
Er-K No Data Eu-Nb M2 M2 *Fe-Ni Binary Iron
Er-La M2 M2 Eu-Ni M2,92 Binary Nickel Fe-Np Binary Iron
Er-Li No Data Eu-Np No Data *Fe-0 Binary Iron
Er-Lu M2 M2 Eu-0 M2 M2 Fe-0s Binary Iron
Er-Mg M2 Binary Eu-0s No Data *Fe-P Binary Iron
Magnesium Eu-P M2 M2 Fe-Pb Binary Iron
*Er-Mn M2 [67Kir2] *Eu-Pb M2 [67Mcm] *Fe-Pd Binary Iron
Er-Mo M2 M2 *Eu-Pd M2 M2 Fe-Pm Binary Iron
Er-N M2 M2 Eu-PO M2 M2 Fe-Pr Binary Iron
Er-Na No Data Eu-Pr No Data Fe-Pt Binary Iron
Er-Nb M2 [6 1LovI *Eu-Pt M2 [8 1Ian] *Fe-Pu Binary Iron
Er-Nd M2 BAPD 3(3) Eu-PU M2 M2 Fe-Rb Binary Iron
*Er-Ni M2 Binary Nickel Eu-Re M2 M2 Fe-Re Binary Iron
Er-Np No Data Eu-Rh No Data *Fe-Rh Binary Iron
Er-0 M2 [6 1Lovl Eu-RU No Data Fe-Ru Binary Iron
Er-0s M2 M2 Eu-S M2 M2 *Fe-S Binary Iron
Er-P M2 M2 Eu-Sb M2 M2 *Fe-Sb Binary Iron
Er-Pb M2 M2 Eu-SC M2 M2 *Fe-Sc Binary Iron
*Er-Pd M2,91 [73Loe] Eu-Se M2 M2 *Fe-Se Binary Iron
Er-Pm M2 M2 Eu-Si M2 M2 *Fe-Si Binary Iron
Er-Po M2 [Shunk] Eu-Sm M2 M2 *Fe-Srn Binary Iron
Er-Pr M2 M2 Eu-Sn M2 M2 *Fe-Sn Binary Iron
*Er-Pt M2 M2 Eu-Sr No Data Fe-Sr Binary Iron
Er-Pu M2 M2 Eu-Ta M2 M2 Fe-Ta Binary Iron
Er-Re M2 M2 Eu-Tb No Data *Fe-Tb Binary Iron
Er-Rh M2 [73Gha] *Eu-Te M2 [7OSad] Fe-Tc Binary Iron
*Er-Ru M2 M2 Eu-Th M2 M2 *Fe-Te Binary Iron
Er-S M2 M2 Eu-Ti M2 Binary *Fe-Th Binary Iron
Er-Sb M2 M2 Titanium *Fe-Ti Binary Iron
Er-Sc M2 BAPD 4(1) Eu-TI M2 M2 Fe-TI Binary Iron
*Er-Se M2 M2 Eu-U M2 M2 *Fe-Tm Binary Iron
Er-Si M2 M2 Eu-V M2 Binary *Fe-U Binary Iron
Er-Sm M2 M2 Vanadium *Fe-V Binary Iron
Er-Sn M2 M2 *Fe-W Binary Iron

(continued)
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams/2.13

Data Data Data Data Data Data

System Published source type System Published source type System Published source type

Fe-Y M2 Binary Iron Gd-Ho M2 BAPD 4(3) *Ge-Na M2 M2

Fe-Yb M2 Binary Iron Gd-I M2 M2 *Ge-Nb M2 [Moffatt]
*Fe-Zn M2 Binary Iron *Gd-In M2 Indium *Ge-Nd M2 BAPD 1O(2)
*Fe-Zr M2 Binary Iron Gd-Ir M2 Unpublished *Ge-Ni M2 Binary Nickel
Fm-Mo M2 [Molybdenum] Gd-K No Data Ge-Np No Data
Fr-Mg M2 [68Gu12] Gd-La M2 BAPD 2(4) Ge-0 M2 [56Tm]
Fr-Mo M2 [Molybdenum] Gd-Li No Data Ge-0s M2 M2
Fr-W Binary Gd-Lu M2 M2 *Ge-P M2,91 BAPD 6(3)
Tungsten *Gd-Mg M2 Binary *Ge-Pb M2 BAPD 5(4)
*Ga-Gd M2 BAPD 1l(1) Magnesium *Ge-Pd M2 JPE 13(4)
Ga-Ge M2 BAPD 6(3) Gd-Mn M2 M2 Ge-Pm No Data
Ga-H No Data Gd-Mo M2 BAPD l(2) *Ge-Pr M2.91 BAPD lO(3)
Ga-Hf M2 M2 Gd-N M2 M2 *Ge-Pt M2 JPE 13(4)
Ga-Hg M2 [60Pre] Gd-Na No Data Ge-Pu M2 M2
*Ga-Ho M2 M2 Gd-Nb M2 M2 Ge-Rb M2 M2
Ga-I M2 M2 Gd-Nd M2 BAPD 3(3) Ge-Re M2 [Moffatt]
*Ga-In M2 Indium *Gd-Ni M2 Binary Nickel Ge-Rh M2 M2
Ga-Ir M2 M2 Gd-Np No Data Ge-Ru M2 M2
Ga-K M2 BAPD 1l(4) Gd-0 M2 M2 *Ge-S M2 [63Liu]
*Ga-La M2 BAPD 1l(1) Gd-0s M2 [80Pal] *Ge-Sb M2 BAPD 7(3)
*Ga-Li M2 JPE 12(1) Gd-P M2 M2 *Ge-Sc M2 BAPD 7(6)
*Ga-Lu M2 [79Yat] *Gd-Pb M2 JPE 12(6) *Ge-Se M2 BAPD 1l(3)
*Ga-Mg M2,91 Binary *Gd-Pd M2 M2 *Ge-Si M2 BAPD S(2)
Magnesium Gd-Pm M2 M2 *Ge-Sm M2 BDPD 9(5)
*Ga-Mn M2 [80Lu] Gd-Po M2 M2 *Ge-Sn M2 BAPD S(3)
*Ga-Mo M2 [Molybdenum] Gd-Pr M2 M2 *Ge-Sr M2 M2
Ga-N M2 M2 Gd-Pt M2 M2 Ge-Ta M2.92 JPE 12(6)
*Ga-Na M2 BAPD 1l(4) Gd-PU M2 M2 *Ge-Tb M2 M2
*Ga-Nb M2 M2 Gd-Re M2 M2 *Ge-Te M2 M2
*Ga-Nd M2 [Moffatt] *Gd-Rh M2 M2 Ge-Th M2 [Thorium]
*Ga-Ni M2 Binary Nickel Gd-RU M2 [Moffatt] *Ge-Ti M2 Binary
Ga-Np M2 M2 Gd-S M2 M2 Titanium
Ga-0 M2 M2 *Gd-Sb M2 M2 *Ge-TI M2 BAPD 6(2)
Ga-0s M2 M2 Gd-Sc M2 BAPD 4(2) *Ge-Tm M2 M2
Ga-P M2 [Shunk] *Gd-Se M2 [82Pri] *Ge-U M2 160LyaI
*Ga-Pb M2 JPE 12(1) Gd-Si M2 BAPD 9(5) Ge-V M2 Binary
*Ga-Pd M2 M2 Gd-Sm M2 BAPD 4(2) Vanadium
Ga-Pm M2,92 M2 *Gd-Sn M2 JPE 12(6) Ge-W M2 Binary
*Ga-Pr M2 M2 Gd-Sr No Data Tungsten
*Ga-Pt M2 M2 Gd-Ta M2 [66Den I] *Ge-Y M2 BAPD 9(1)
*Ga-Pu M2 BAPD 9(3) Gd-Tb M2 BAPD 4(3) *Ge-Yb M2 [83Ere]
Ga-Rb M2,92 BAPD 1l(4) Gd-TC M2 M2 *Ge-Zn M2 BAPD 6(6)
Ga-Re M2 M2 *Gd-Te M2 M2 Ge-Zr M2 BAPD 7(1)
Ga-Rh M2 M2 Gd-Th M2 [69Bad] H-Hf M2,91 M2
Ga-Ru M2 M2 *Gd-Ti M2 Binary H-Hg M2 M2
*Ga-S M2 [67Rus] Titanium H-HO M2 M2
*Ga-Sb M2 BAPD 9(S) *Gd-TI M2 Unpublished H-In M2 Indium
*Ga-Sc M2 [79Yat] Gd-Tm M2 M2 H-Ir M2,91 Unpublished
*Ga-Se M2 [Moffatt] Gd-U M2 [Elliott] H-K M2 M2
Ga-Si M2 BAPD 6(4) Gd-V M2 Binary *H-La M2 BAPD 1l(1)
*Ga-Sm M2 [Moffatt] Vanadium H-Li M2 M2
*Ga-Sn M2 JPE 13(2) Gd-W M2 Binary H-Lu M2 [82Sub]
*Ga-Sr M2 JPE 13(2) Tungsten H-Mg M2 BAPD 8(5)
Ga-Ta M2 M2 Gd-Y M2 BAPD 4(2) H-Mn M2 Unpublished
*Ga-Tb M2 [Moffatt] Gd-Yb M2 BAPD 4(3) H-Mo M2 [Molybdenum]
*Ga-Te M2 Unpublished Gd-Zn M2 M2 H-Na M2 BAPD 1l(3)
Ga-Th M2 M2 Gd-Zr M2 M2 *H-Nb M2 BAPD 4(1)
Ga-Ti M2 Binary Ge-H M2 [Ellion] *H-Nd M2 M2
Titanium Ge-Hf M2 BAPD 1l(3) *H-Ni M2 Binary Nickel
JPE 12(6) Ge-Hg M2 Unpublished H-Np M2 M2
[Moffatt] *Ge-Ho M2 [80Ere] H-0s M2 Unpublished
[73Bus] Ge-I M2 M2 H-Pa M2 M2
Binary *Ge-In M2 Indium H-Pb M2 M2
Vanadium Ge-Ir M2 M2 *H-Pd M2 Unpublished
Binary *Ge-K M2 M2 H-Po M2 [Shunk]
Tungsten *Ge-La M2 BAPD lO(4) H-Pr M2 M2
*Ga-Y M2 [77Yat] *Ge-Li M2 M2 H-Pt M2.91 Unpublished
*Ga-Yb M2,92 JPE 13(1) *Ge-Lu M2 M2 H-PU M2 [56Mul]
*Ga-Zn M2 BAPD 1l(1) *Ge-Mg M2 Binary H-Rb M2 M2
*Ga-Zr M2 [Shunk] Magnesium H-Re M2 Unpublished
*Gd-Ge M2 BAPD lO(2) *Ge-Mn M2 BAPD 1 l(5) H-Rh M2,91 Unpublished
Gd-H M2 [60Bec] *Ge-Mo M2 BAPD 8(1) H-Ru M2,91 Unpublished
Gd-Hg M2 Unpublished Ge-N M2 BAPD 1 l(6) H-Sb M2 M2

(continued)
2.1 4/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Data Data Data Data Data Data

System Published source type System Published source type System Published source tv~e

H-Sc M2 M2 Binary Ho-Mo M2 M2

H-Se M2 M2 Vanadium Ho-N M2 M2
H-Si M2 Unpublished Binary Ho-Na No Data
H-Sm M2 M2 Tungsten Ho-Nb No Data
H-Sn M2 M2 Hf-Y M2 [62Lun] Ho-Nd M2 M2
*H-Sr M2 [64Pet] Hf-Yb M2 [Moffatt] Ho-Ni M2,92 Binary Nickel
*H-Ta M2 JPE 12(3) Hf-Zn M2 M2 Ho-Np No Data
H-Tb M2 M2 *Hf-Zr M2 BAPD 3(1) Ho-0 M2 M2
H-Te No Data Hg-HO M2 Unpublished Ho-0s M2 M2
H-Th M2 [Smith] *Hg-In M2 Indium Ho-P M2 M2
*H-Ti M2,92 Binary Hg-Ir M2 M2 Ho-Pb M2 M2
Titanium *Hg-K M2 [79Vol] *Ho-Pd M2,91 M2
H-TI M2 M2 *Hg-La M2 Unpublished Ho-Pm M2 M2
H-Tm M2 M2 *Hg-Li M2 [Hansen] Ho-PO M2 M2
*H-U M2 Unpublished Hg-Lu M2 Unpublished Ho-Pr M2 M2
*H-V M2 Binary *Hg-Mg M2 Binary Ho-Pt M2 M2
Vanadium Magnesium Ho-PU M2,91 M2
H-W M2 Binary Hg-Mn M2 M2 Ho-Rb No Data
Tungsten Hg-MO M2 M2 Ho-Re M2 M2
H-Y M2 BAPD 9(3) Hg-N M2 M2 Ho-Rh M2 M2
H-Yb M2 M2 *Hg-Na M2 M2 Ho-RU M2 M2
H-Zn M2 BAPD 1 q 6 ) Hg-Nb M2 Unpublished Ho-S M2 M2
*H-Zr M2 BAPD 1l(4) Hg-Nd M2 Unpublished *Ho-Sb M2 M2
He-Mo M2 [Molybdenum] Hg-Ni M2,91 Binary Nickel Ho-SC M2 M2
He-W Binary Hg-Np No Data Ho-Se M2,91 M2
Tungsten Hg-0 M2 M2 Ho-Si M2 [Pears01131
Hf-Hg M2 M2 Hg-0s M2 M2 Ho-Sm M2 M2
Hf-In M2 Indium Hg-P No Data Ho-Sn M2 M2
*Hf-Ir M2 M2 *Hg-Pb M2 [Hansen] Ho-Sr No Data
Hf-K M2 BAPD 8(1) Hg-Pd M2 BAPD 1l(1) Ho-Ta M2 [Moffatt]
Hf-La No Data Hg-PO M2 M2 Ho-Tb M2 BAPD 4(3)
Hf-Li M2 BAPD lO(3) Hg-Pr M2 Unpublished Ho-TC M2 M2
Hf-LU No Data Hg-Pt M2 BAPD 1l(1) *Ho-Te M2 [74Yar]
Hf-Mg M2 Binary Hg-Pu M2 [59Sch] Ho-Th M2 M2
Magnesium *Hg-Rb M2 [Hansen] Ho-Ti No Data
*Hf-Mn M2 Unpublished Hg-Re M2 M2 *Ho-TI M2 Unpublished
*Hf-Mo M2 [Molybdenum] Hg-Rh M2 [67Jan] Ho-Tm M2 M2
*Hf-N M2 BAPD 1l(2) Hg-RU M2 M2 Ho-U M2 M2
Hf-Na M2 BAPD 8(1) *Hg-S M2 JPE 13(5) Ho-V M2 Binary
*Hf-Nb M2,91 JPE 12(2) Hg-Sb M2 BAPD 1l(4) Vanadium
*Hf-Ni M2,91 Binary Nickel Hg-Sc M2 Unpublished Ho-W M2 Binary
Hf-Np No Data *Hg-Se M2 JPE 13(5) Tungsten
*Hf - 0 M2 [Hafnium] Hg-Si M2 Unpublished Ho-Y M2 BAPD 4(1)
*Hf-0s M2 M2 Hg-Sm M2 Unpublished Ho-Yb M2 M2
Hf-P M2 M2 *Hg-Sn M2 M2 Ho-Zn M2 M2
Hf-Pd M2 [72Shu] *Hg-Sr M2 M2 Ho-Zr M2 M2
Hf-Po M2 M2 Hg-Ta M2 [OSBol] I-In M2 Indium
Hf-Pr M2 [7 lGri] Hg-Tb M2 Unpublished I-K M2 M2
Hf-Pt M2 M2 *Hg-Te M2 Unpublished I-Mg M2 Binary
Hf-Pu M2 M2 Hg-Th M2 [58DomI Magnesium
Hf-Rb M2 BAPD 8(1) Hg-Ti M2 Binary I-Mo M2 M2
Hf-Re M2 [63Tayl Titanium I-Na M2 M2
*Hf-Rh M2 M2 *Hg-T1 M2 Unpublished I-Ni M2 Binary Nickel
Hf-RU M2 M2 Hg-Tm M2 Unpublished I-Rb M2,91 M2
Hf-Si M2 M2 Hg-U M2 M2 I-Se M2 M2
Hf-Sb M2 M2 Hg-V M2 Binary I-Sr M2 M2
Hf-SC M2 M2 Vanadium I-Tb M2 M2
Hf-Se M2 M2 Binary I-Te M2 M2
*Hf-Si M2 BAPD lO(4) Tungsten I-Th M2 [Smith]
Hf-Sm No Data Hg-Y M2 Unpublished I-TI M2 M2
Hf-Sn M2 JPE 12(4) Hg-Yb M2 Unpublished I-W M2 Binary
Hf-Sr No Data *Hg-Zn M2 Unpublished Tungsten
*Hf-Ta M2 JAPD 5(2) Hg-Zr M2 M2 I-Y M2 M2
Hf-Tb No Data Ho-I M2 M2 In-Ir M2 Indium
Hf-TC M2 M2 *Hob M2 Indium *In-K M2,92 Indium
Hf -Te M2 M2 Ho-Ir M2 Unpublished In-Kr M2 M2
Hf-Th M2 [58Gib] Ho-K No Data *In-La M2 Indium
Hf-Ti M2 Binary Ho-La M2 M2 *In-Li M2 Indium
Titanium Ho-Li No Data *In-Lu M2 Indium
Hf-T1 No Data Ho-Lu M2 M2 *In-Mg M2 Indium
Hf-Tm No Data Ho-Mg M2 Binary *In-Mn M2,92 Indium
*Hf-U M2 [6OPet2] Magnesium In-Mo M2 Indium
[67Kir2] In-N M2 Indium

(continued)
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams/2*15

Data Data Data Data Data Data

System Published source type System Published source tv~e System Published source type

*In-Na M2 Indium Ir-Se M2 M2 Binary

*In-Nb M2 Indium Ir-Si M2 M2 Magnesium
*In-Nd M2,91 Indium Ir-Sm M2 Unpublished *La-Mn M2 BAPD 1l(5)
*In-Ni M2 Indium Ir-Sn M2 M2 La-Mo M2 M2
In-Np No Data Ir-Sr M2 M2 La-N M2 M2
In-0 M2,91 Indium *Ir-Ta M2 [Metals] La-Na No Data
In-0s M2 Indium Ir-Tb M2 Unpublished La-Nb M2 Unpublished
*In-P M2 Indum Ir-Tc M2 M2 La-Nd M2 BAPD 2(4)
*In-Pb M2 Indium Ir-Te M2 M2 *La-Ni M2.91 Binary Nickel
*In-Pd M2 Indium *Ir-Th M2 JPE 12(5) La-Np No Data
In-Pm M2 Indium *Ir-Ti M2.92 Binary La-0 M2 M2
*In-Pr M2 Indium Titanium La-0s M2 M2
*In-Pt M2,91 Indium Ir-TI No Data La-P M2 M2
*In-Pu M2 Indium Ir-Tm M2 Unpublished *La-Pb M2,92 JPE 13(1)
*In-Rb M2 Indium *Ir-U M2 JPE 13(5) La-Pd M2 M2
In-Re M2 Indium *Ir-V M2 Binary La-Pm M2 M2
In-Rh M2 Indium Vanadium La-Pr M2 M2
In-Ru M2 Indium *Ir-W M2,92 Binary La-Pt M2 M2
*In4 M2 Indium Tungsten La-Pu M2 M2
*In-Sb M2 Indium Ir-Y M2 Unpublished La-Rb NoData
*In-Sc M2 Indium Ir-Yb M2 JPE 13(2) La-Re M2 M2
*In-Se M2,91 Indium Ir-Zn M2 WRhyI La-Rh M2 M2
*In-Si M2 Indium *Ir-Zr M2 JPE 13(5) La-Ru M2.91 M2
*In-Sm M2 Indium K-La No Data *La-S M2 Unpublished
*In-Sn M2,91 Indium K-Li M2 BAPD 10(3) *La-Sb M2 WVogl
*In-Sr M2 Indium K-Mg M2 Binary *La-Sc M2 BAPD 3(1)
In-Ta M2 Indium Magnesium *La-Se M2 M2
*In-Tb M2 Indium K-MO M2 M2 La-Si M2 M2
*In-Te M2.91 Indium K-N M2 M2 La-Sm M2 M2
*In-Th M2 Indium *K-Na M2 BAPD 3(3) *La-Sn M2,92 JPE 13(1)
*In-Ti M2 Indium K-Nb M2 BAPD 9(4) La-Sr No Data
*In-TI M2 Indium K-Nd No Data La-Ta M2 [Moffatt]
*In-Tm M2 Indium K-Ni M2 [65Swi] La-Tb M2 M2
In-U M2 Indium K-Np No Data La-Te M2 [65Haa]
*In-V M2 Indium K-0 M2 M2 La-Th M2 [69Bad]
In-W M2 Binary K-0s M2 M2 La-Ti M2 Binary
Tungsten K-P M2 M2 Titanium
*In-Y M2 Indium *K-Pb M2 M2 *La-TI M2 Unpublished
*In-Yb M2 Indium K-Pd M2 M2 La-Tm M2 M2
*In-Zn M2 Indium K-Pr No Data La-U M2 M2
In-Zr M2 Indium K-Pu M2 [59Sch] La-V M2 Binary
Ir-K M2 [64RhyI *K-Rb M2 BAPD 4(4) Vanadium
*Ir-La M2 JPE 12(5) K-Re No Data Binary
Ir-Li M2 JPE 13(1) K-Rh M2 M2 Tungsten
Ir-Lu M2 Unpublished K-RU M2 M2 La-Y M2 BAPD 3(1)
IT-Mg M2 Binary *K-S M2 M2 La-Yb M2 M2
Magnesium *K-Sb M2 [61Dor2] *La-Zn M2 [41Rol]
Ir-Mn M2 Unpublished *K-Se M2 M2 La-Zr M2 M2
*Ir-Mo M2 [Molybdenum] K-Si M2 M2 *Li-Mg M2 Binary
Ir-N M2 [OSEmi] K-Sm No Data Magnesium
Ir-Na M2 [64Rhy1 *K-Sn M2 M2 Li-Mn M2 [640bi I]
*Ir-Nb M2 Unpublished K-Sr M2 BAPD 6(2) Li-Mo M2 M2
Ir-Nd M2 Unpublished K-Ta M2 JAPD 6(1) Li-N M2,92 JPE 13(3)
*Ir-Ni M2 Binary Nickel K-Tb No Data *Li-Na M2 BAPD 10(3)
Ir-Np M2 M2 *K-Te M2 BAPD 1l(5) Li-Nb M2 BAPD 9(4)
Ir-0 M2 M2 K-Th M2 M2 Li-Ni M2 Binary Nickel
Ir-0s M2 Unpublished K-Ti M2 BAPD 10(2) Li-Np No Data
Ir-P M2 BAPD 1l(4) *K-TI M2 M2 Li-0 M2,92 JPE 13(3)
Ir-Pa M2 M2 K-Tm No Data Li-0s M2 JPE 13(1)
Ir-Pb M2 M2 K-U M2 M2 Li-P M2 Unpublished
*Ir-Pd M2,91 JPE 12(5) K-V M2 Binary *Li-Pb M2 [Hansen]
Ir-Pm M2 Unpublished Vanadium *Li-Pd M2 JPE 13(1)
Ir-Pr M2 Unpublished K-W M2 Binary Li-Pt M2 JPE 12(6)
*Ir-Pt M2 [30Mul, Tungsten Li-Pu M2 M2
56RauI K-Y No Data Li-Rb M2 BAPD lO(3)
Ir-Pu M2 M2 K-Yb No Data Li-Re M2 JPE 12(6)
Ir-Rb M2 [76Vol] K-Zn M2 BAPD 8(6) Li-Rh M2 JPE 12(6)
Ir-Re M2 Unpublished K-Zr M2 BAPD lO(3) Li-Ru M2 JPE 12(6)
*Ir-Rh M2,91 JPE 12(5) Kr-Mo M2 [Molybdenum] *Li-S M2 Unpublished
*Ir-Ru M2 JPE 13(5) Kr-W Binary Li-Sb M2 M2
Ir-S M2 M2 Tungsten *Li-Se M2 [7 ICun]
Ir-Sb M2 Unpublished La-Li No Data *Li-Si M2 BAPD 1l(3)
Ir-Sc M2 Unpublished La-Lu M2 M2 *Li-Sn M2 [Moffatt]

(continued)
2.1 C/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Data Data Data Data Data Data

System Published source t~ e System Published source twe System Published source t~ e
*Li-Sr M2 BAPD 1 q 3 ) Mg-N M2 Binary Binary
Li-Ta M2 JAPD 6(1) Magnesium Magnesium
Li-Tb No Data Mg-Na M2 Binary Binary
Li-Tc M2 Unpublished Magnesium Magnesium
*Li-Te M2 JPE 13(3) Mg-Nb M2 Binary Binary
Li-Th No Data Magnesium Magnesium
Li-Ti M2 BAPD lO(2) Mg-Nd M2,91 Binary *Mn-Mo M2 [Molybdenum]
*Li-TI M2 [34Gru] Magnesium *Mn-N M2 BAPD 1l(1)
Li-Tm No Data *Mg-Ni M2 Binary Nickel Mn-Na No Data
Li-U M2 M2 Mg-Np M2 [68Gull] Mn-Nb M2 M2
Li-V M2 Binary Mg-0 M2 Binary *Mn-Nd M2,92 [70Kir]
Vanadium Magnesium *Mn-Ni M2 JPE 12(3)
Li-W M2 Binary Mg-0s M2 [68Gu12] Mn-Np M2 M2
Tungsten Mg-P M2 Binary *Mn-0 M2 M2
Li-Y No Data Magnesium *Mn-P M2 [SOBer]
Li-Yb No Data Mg-Pa M2 [68Gull] Mn-Pb M2 [56Pel]
*Li-Zn M2 JPE 12(1) *Mg-Pb M2 Binary *Mn-Pd M2 [Hansen]
Li-Zr M2 BAPD 8(1) Magnesium Mn-Pm 91 [9OSac]
Lr-Mo M2 [Molybdenum] Mg-Pd M2 Binary *Mn-Pr M2 M2
Lu-Mg M2 Binary Magnesium Mn-Pt M2 [55Rau]
Magnesium Mg-Pm M2 [68Gu12] *Mn-Pu M2 [55Kon]
Lu-Mn M2 M2 Mg-PO M2 Binary Mn-Rb No Data
Lu-MO M2 [Molybdenum] Magnesium Mn-Re M2 [61Sav]
Lu-N M2 M2 Mg-Pr M2 BAPD 1q1) Mn-Rh M2 [55Rau,59Hel]
Lu-Na No Data Mg-Pt M2 Binary Mn-Ru M2 M2
Lu-Nb No Data Magnesium Mn-S M2 Unpublished
Lu-Nd M2 M2 Mg-Pu M2 M2 *Mn-Sb M2 M2
Lu-Ni M2 Binary Nickel Mg-Ra M2 [68Gu12] Mn-Sc M2 M2
Lu-Np No Data Mg-Rb M2 Binary Mn-Se M2 Unpublished
Lu-0 M2 M2 Magnesium *Mn-Si M2,91 BAPD 1l(5)
Lu-0s M2 M2 Mg-Re M2 [68Gu12] *Mn-Sm M2 [7OKir]
Lu-P M2 M2 Mg-Rh M2 Binary *Mn-Sn M2 M2
*Lu-Pb M2 [69Mcm] Magnesium Mn-Sr M2 M2
Lu-Pd M2 M2 Mg-RU M2 Binary Mn-Ta M2 [6OSav]
Lu-Pm M2 M2 Magnesium Mn-Tb M2 [70Kir]
Lu-Po M2 M2 Mg-S M2 Binary Mn-Tc M2 M2
Lu-Pr M2 M2 Magnesium Mn-Te M2 Unpublished
Lu-Pt M2 M2 *Mg-Sb M2 Binary Mn-Th M2 [Brandes]
Lu-Pu M2,91 M2 Magnesium *Mn-Ti M2 Binary
Lu-Rb No Data *Mg-SC M2 Binary Titanium
Lu-Re M2 M2 Magnesium Mn-T1 M2 M2
Lu-Rh M2 M2 Mg-Se M2 Binary Mn-Tm M2 M2
Lu-Ru M2 M2 Magnesium *Mn-U M2 [Hansen]
Lu-S M2 M2 *Mg-Si M2 Binary *Mn-V M2.92 Binary
Lu-Sb M2,91 M2 Magnesium Vanadium
Lu-Sc No Data *Mg-Sm M2 M2 Binary
Lu-Se M2 M2 *Mg-Sn M2 Binary Tungsten
Lu-Si M2 M2 Magnesium *Mn-Y M2,91 JPE 12(4)
Lu-Sm M2 M2 *Mg-Sr M2 Binary Mn-Yb M2 M2
Lu-Sn M2 M2 *Mn-Zn M2 BAPD 1l(4)
Lu-Sr Magnesium
No Data Mg-Ta M2 [68Gu12] *Mn-Zr M2 Unpublished
Lu-Ta M2 [66Den I] Mg-Tb M2 Binary *Mo-N M2 M2
Lu-Tb M2 M2 Mo-Na M2 M2
Lu-TC M2 Magnesium
M2 Mg-TC M2 [68Gu12] *Mo-Nb M2,91 [Molybdenum]
Lu-Te M2 M2 Mg-Te M2 Mo-Nd M2 M2
Lu-Th M2 Binary
M2 Magnesium Mo-Ne M2 [Molybdenum]
Lu-Ti M2 M2 *Mg-Th M2 *Mo-Ni M2,91 Binary Nickel
*Lu-TI Binary
M2 M2 Mo-No M2 [Molybdenum]
Lu-Tm M2 M2 Magnesium
Mg-Ti M2 Binary Mo-Np M2 [Molybdenum]
Lu-u M2 M2 *Mo-0 M2 BAPD l(2)
Lu-v M2 Binary Magnesium
*Mg-TI M2 Binary *Mo-0s M2 [Molybdenum]
Vanadium Magnesium *Mo-P M2 [Molybdenum]
Lu-W M2 Binary Mo-Pa M2 [Molybdenum]
Mg-Tm M2 Binary
Tungsten Mo-Pb M2 M2
Lu-Y M2 M2 Magnesium
Mg-U M2 Binary *Mo-Pd M2,92 M2
Lu-Yb M2,91 BAPD 4(3 Mo-Pm M2 M2
Lu-Zn M2 M2 Magnesium
Mg-V M2 Binary Mo-PO M2 [Molybdenum]
Lu-Zr M2 M2 Mo-Pr M2 M2
Md-Mo M2 [Molybdenum] Magnesium
MpW M2 Binary *Mo-Pt M2 BAPD l(2)
*Mg-Mn M2 Binary *Mo-Pu M2 [Molybdenum]
Magnesium Tungsten
*Mg-Y M2,92 Binary Mo-Ra M2 [Molybdenum]
Mg-Mo M2 Binary Mo-Rb M2 M2
Magnesium Magnesium
Mo-Re M2 M2
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagramsl2.17

Data Data Data Data Data Data

System Published source tn'e System Published source type System Published source type

*Mo-Rh M2 [Molybdenum] Na-Np No Data Binary

Mo-Rn M2 [Molybdenum] *Na-0 M2 BAPD 8(3) Tungsten
*Mo-RU M2 M2 Na-0s M2 [a 1LoeI Nb-Y M2 JPE 12(2)
*Mo-S M2 BAPD l(2) Na-P No Data Nb-Yb M2 M2
Mo-Sb M2 [Molybdenum] *Na-Pb M2 [Metals] Nb-Zn M2 JPE 13(4)
Mo-Sc M2 [Molybdenum] Na-Pd M2 M2 *Nb-Zr M2.92 BAPD 3(1)
Mo-Se M2 [Molybdenum] Na-Po M2 M2 *Nd-Ni M2,92 Binary Nickel
*Mo-Si M2 JPE 12(4) Na-Pr No Data Nd-Np No Data
Mo-Sm M2 M2 Na-Pt M2 M2 Nd-0 M2 M2
Mo-Sn M2 BAPD l(2) Na-Pu M2 M2 Nd-0s M2 M2
Mo-Sr M2 M2 *Na-Rb M2 BAPD 3(3) Nd-P M2 M2
*Mo-Ta M2 JAPD 2(3) Na-Re No Data Nd-Pb M2 M2
Mo-Tb M2 M2 Na-Rh M2 [8 1LoeJ Nd-Pd M2,92 M2
Mo-TC M2 [Molybdenum] Na-Ru M2 [81Loe] Nd-Pm M2 M2
Mo-Te M2 [Molybdenum] *Na-S M2 M2 Nd-Pr M2 BAPD 3(2)
Mo-Th M2 [Molybdenum] *Na-Sb M2 [06Mat] *Nd-Pt M2 M2
*Mo-Ti M2 Binary Na-Sc No Data Nd-PU M2 M2
Titanium *Na-Se M2 M2 Nd-Rb NoData
Mo-TI M2 M2 Na-Si M2 JPE 13(1) Nd-Re M2 M2
Mo-Tm M2 M2 Na-Sm No Data *Nd-Rh M2 M2
*Mo-U M2 M2 *Na-Sn M2 M2 Nd-RU M2,91 M2
*Mo-V M2 JPE 13(1) *Na-Sr M2 BAPD 6(1) Nd-S M2 M2
*Mo-W M2 Binary Na-Ta M2,91 JAPD 6( 1) *Nd-Sb M2 M2
Tungsten Na-Tb No Data Nd-SC M2 BAPD 3(3)
Mo-Xe M2 [Molybdenum] *Na-Te M2 BAPD 1l(5) Nd-Se M2 M2
Mo-Y M2 [Molybdenum] Na-Th M2 [42Gru] *Nd-Si M2 BAPD lO(3)
Mo-Yb M2 M2 Na-Ti M2 BAPD lO(2) Nd-Sm M2 BAPD 3(2)
Mo-Zn M2 [Molybdenum] *Na-TI M2 [36Gru] *Nd-Sn M2 M2
*Mo-Zr M2 [Zirconium] Na-Tm No Data Nd-Sr M2 [78Esh]
N-Na M2 M2 Na-U M2 M2 Nd-Ta M2 [Moffatt]
*N-Nb M2 [74Lev] Na-V M2 Binary Nd-Tb M2 M2
N-Nd M2 M2 Vanadium *Nd-Te M2 M2
*N-Ni M2 Binary Nickel Na-W M2 Binary Nd-Th M2 [67Bad 1]
N-Np M2 M2 Tungsten *Nd-Ti M2 Binary
N-0s M2 M2 Na-Y No Data Titanium
N-Pa M2 M2 Na-Yb No Data *Nd-TI M2 Unpublished
N-Pb M2 M2 Na-Zn M2 BAPD 8(6) Nd-Tm M2 M2
N-Pd M2 [I OSie] Na-Zr M2 BAPD 8(1) Nd-U M2 M2
N-Pr M2 M2 Nb-Nd M2 M2 Nd-V M2 Binary
N-Pt No Data *Nb-Ni M2 Binary Nickel Vanadium
N-PU M2 BAPD lO(5) Nb-Np No Data Binary
N-Rb M2 M2 Nb-0 M2 [59Ell,Shunk] Tungsten
N-Re M2 M2 *Nb-0s M2 [77Wat] Nd-Y M2 BAPD 3(2)
N-Rh No Data Nb-P M2 M2 Nd-Yb M2 BAPD 3(2)
N-Ru No Data Nb-Pb M2 M2 *Nd-Zn M2 [72Mas]
N-Sb No Data *Nb-Pd M2 BAPD 9(4) Nd-Zr M2 [Shunk,Elliott]
N-SC M2 M2 Nb-Pr No Data Ne-W Binary
N-Se M2 M2 *Nb-Pt M2 M2 Tungsten
N-Si M2 BAPD 1l(6) Nb-Pu M2 M2 Ni-Np M2 Binary Nickel
N-Sm M2 M2 Nb-Rb M2 BAPD 1l(3) *Ni-0 M2 Binary Nickel
N-Sn M2 [OSFis,IOSie] Nb-Re M2 [60Gra] *Ni-0s M2 Binary Nickel
N-Sr M2 M2 *Nb-Rh M2 [64Rit] *Ni-P M2 Binary Nickel
*N-Ta M2 [75Gat] *Nb-Ru M2 M2 *Ni-Pb M2 Binary Nickel
N-Tb M2 M2 Nb-S M2 M2 *Ni-Pd M2 Binary Nickel
N-TC M2 M2 Nb-Sb M2 M2 Ni-Pm M2 Binary Nickel
N-Te M2 M2 Nb-SC M2 M2 Ni-Po M2 [Moffatt]
*N-Th M2 M2 Nb-Se M2 M2 *Ni-Pr M2 Binary Nickel
*N-Ti M2 Binary *Nb-Si M2 Unpublished *Ni-Pt M2 Binary Nickel
Titanium Nb-Sm M2,92 [Moffatt] *Ni-Pu M2 Binary Nickel
N-TI M2 M2 Nb-Sn M2 [Shunk] Ni-Rb NoData
N-Tm M2 M2 Nb-Sr No Data *Ni-Re M2,92 Binary Nickel
*N-U M2 [Metals] *Nb-Ta M2 JAPD 3(1) *Ni-Rh M2 Binary Nickel
N-V M2 Binary Nb-Tb No Data *Ni-Ru M2 Binary Nickel
Vanadium Nb-TC M2 M2 *Ni-S M2 Binary Nickel
N-W M2 Binary Nb-Te M2 M2 *Ni-Sb M2 Binary Nickel
Tungsten *Nb-Th M2 [56Carl *Ni-Sc M2 Binary Nickel
N-Y M2 M2 *Nb-Ti M2 Binary *Ni-Se M2 Binary Nickel
N-Yb M2 M2 Titanium *Ni-Si M2 Binary Nickel
N-Zn M2 BAPD 9(3) Nb-TI M2 M2 *Ni-Sm M2 Binary Nickel
*N-Zr M2 [Zirconium] Nb-Tm No Data *Ni-Sn M2 Binary Nickel
Na-Nb M2 BAPD 9(4) *Nb-U M2 M2 Ni-Sr M2 Binary Nickel
Na-Nd No Data *Nb-V M2 Binary *Ni-Ta M2 Binary Nickel
Na-Ni M2 Binary Nickel Vanadium Ni-Tb M2 Binary Nickel
2.1 8/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Data Data Data Data Data Data

System Published source type System Published source type System Published source type

Ni-Tc M2 Binary Nickel 0-Te M2 M2 P-Th M2 M2

*Ni-Te M2 Binary Nickel 0-Th M2 [Smith] *P-Ti M2 Binary
Ni-Th M2,91 Binary Nickel *0-Ti M2 Binary Titanium
*Ni-Ti M2 Binary Nickel Titanium P-TI M2 Unpublished
Ni-TI M2 [O~VOS] 0-TI M2 M2 P-Tm M2 M2
Ni-Tm M2 Binary Nickel 0-Tm M2 M2 P-u M2 M2
*Ni-U M2 Binary Nickel 0-u M2 [Elliott] P-v M2 JPE 12(4)
*Ni-V M2 Binary Nickel *0-v M2 Binary P-W M2 Binary
*Ni-W M2,91 Binary Vanadium Tungsten
Tungsten *0-W M2 Binary P-Y M2 M2
*Ni-Y M2 Binary Nickel Tungsten P-Yb M2 M2
*Ni-Y b M2 Binary Nickel *0-Y M2 BAPD ll(1) *P-Zn M2 JPE 12(4)
*Ni-Zn M2 Binary Nickel 0-Yb M2 M2 P-Zr M2 M2
*Ni-Zr M2 Binary Nickel 0-Zn M2 BAPD 8(2) Pa-Pt M2 BAPD lO(2)
Np-0 M2 M2 *0-Zr M2 BAPD 7(2) Pa-Rh M2 M2
Np-0s M2 M2 0s-P M2 M2 Pa-Sb M2 M2
Np-P M2 M2 0s-Pb No Data Pa-Th M2 M2
Np-Pb No Data 0s-Pd M2 [63Ty11 Pa-W M2 Binary
Np-Pd M2 M2 0s-Pr M2 M2 Tungsten
Np-Pr No Data *Os-Pt M2 M2 *Pb-Pd M2 M2
Np-Pt M2 BAPD 1 q 2 ) *os-Pu M2 [55Kon] Pb-Pm M2 [63Wil]
*Np-Pu M2 BAPD 6(3) 0s-Rb M2 [8 lLoe] Pb-Po M2 M2
Np-Rb No Data *Os-Re M2 [62Tyll] *Pb-Pr M2 M2
Np-Re M2 M2 *OS-Rh M2 M2 *Pb-Pt M2 [Hansen]
Np-Rh M2 M2 *OS-Ru M2 WTYW *Pb-PU M2 BAPD 9(3)
Np-RU M2 M2 0s-S M2. M2 *Pb-Rb M2 [77Kuz,
Np-S M2 M2 0s-Sb M2 M2 64Hewl
Np-Sb M2 M2 0s-Sc M2 M2 Pb-Re No Data
Np-SC No Data 0s-Se M2 M2 *Pb-Rh M2 M2
Np-Se M2 M2 *Os-Si M2 M2 Pb-RU M2 M2
Np-Si M2 M2 0s-Sm M2 [59Com,8OPal] *Pb-S M2 BAPD 7(4)
Np-Sm No Data 0s-Sn M2 M2 *Pb-Sb M2 BAPD 2(1)
Np-Sn M2 M2 0s-Sr No Data Pb-SC No Data
Np-Sr No Data 0s-Ta M2 [60Kau] *Pb-Se M2 Unpublished
Np-Ta No Data 0s-Tb M2 [59Boz,80Pal] Pb-Si M2 BAPD 5(3)
Np-Tb No Data 0s-TC M2 M2 Pb-Sm M2 [Moffatt]
Np-Te M2 M2 0s-Te M2 M2 *Pb-Sn M2 BAPD 9(2)
Np-Th No Data 0s-Th M2 M2 *Pb-Sr M2 [8 lBru]
Np-Ti No Data *Os-Ti M2 Binary Nickel Pb-Ta No Data
Np-TI M2 M2 0s-TI No Data Pb-Tb M2 M2
Np-Tm No Data 0s-Tm M2 M2 *Pb-Te M2 BAPD lO(4)
*Np-U M2 BAPD 6(3) *os-u M2 [Shunk] Pb-Th M2 M2
Np-V No Data *Os-v M2 Binary Pb-Ti M2 Binary
Np-W M2 Binary Vanadium Titanium
Tungsten *Os-W M2,92 Binary *Pb-TI M2 [Hultgren,B]
Np-Y No Data Tungsten Pb-Tm M2 M2
Np-Yb No Data 0s-Y M2 [73Sav] Pb-U M2 BAPD 8(6)
Np-Zn No Data 0s-Yb M2 M2 Pb-V M2 Binary
Np-Zr No Data 0s-Zn M2 M2 Vanadium
0-0s M2 M2 *Os-Zr M2 M2 Pb-W M2 Binary
0-Pa M2 M2 P-Pa M2 M2 Tungsten
*0-Pb M2 BAPD 9(2) P-Pb M2 [1898Gra, *Pb-Y M2 [67Car]
0-Pd M2 [Pearson31 22BruI *Pb-Yb M2 JPE 12(4)
0-Pm M2 M2 *P-Pd M2 Unpublished *Pb-Zn M2 [Hansen]
0-Po M2 M2 *P-Pr M2 [Moffatt] Pb-Zr M2 M2
*0-Pr M2 M2 P-Pt M2 BAPD 1l(5) Pd-Pr M2 JAPD 6(2)
0-Pt M2 [Pearsod] P-Pu M2 M2 *Pd-Pt M2,91 M2
*0-Pu M2 BAPD 1l(2) P-Rb M2 M2 *Pd-PU M2 [67Kutl]
0-Rb M2 M2 P-Re M2 M2 Pd-Rb M2 [8 lLoe]
0-Re M2 [Pearsod] P-Rh M2 BAPD 1l(4) Pd-Re M2 M2
0-Rh M2 M2 *P-Ru M2 M2 *Pd-Rh M2 M2
0-RU M2 M2 P-S 91 [79Bla] *Pd-RU M2 M2
0-Sb M2 M2 P-Sb M2,91 JPE 12(2) *Pd-S M2,92 [76Mat]
0-Sc M2 M2 P-Sc M2 M2 *Pd-Sb M2.92 M2
0-Se M2 M2 P-Se M2 Unpublished Pd-SC M2 M2
0-Si M2 BAPD 1l(1) P-Si M2 BAPD 6(2) *Pd-Se M2,91 JPE 13(1)
0-Sm M2 M2 P-Sm M2 M2 *Pd-Si M2,91 JPE 12(3)
*0-Sn M2 [Hansen] *P-Sn M2 [2OViv] *Pd-Sm M2 M2
0-Sr M2 [56Swa, P-Sr M2 M2 *Pd-Sn M2 M2
63Schl P-Ta M2 [Pearson31 Pd-Sr M2 M2
0-Ta M2 [72Jeh] P-Tb M2 M2 Pd-Ta M2 JAPD 6(2)
0-Tb M2 M2 P-Tc M2 M2 Pd-Tb M2,91 M2
0-TC M2 M2 P-Te M2 [42Mon] Pd-TC M2 M2
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrarns/Z*l9

Data Data Data Data Data Data

System Published source type System Published source type System Published source type

*Pd-Te M2 JPE 13(1) Pr-W M2 Binary Rb-Sc No Data

Pd-Th M2 M2 Tungsten *Rb-Se M2 M2
*Pd-Ti M2 Binary Pr-Y M2 M2 Rb-Si M2 M2
Titanium Pr-Yb No Data Rb-Sm NoData
*Pd-TI M2 M2 *Pr-Zn M2 [70Mas] Rb-Sn M2 M2
Pd-Tm M2 M2 Pt-Pu M2 BAPD lO(4a) Rb-Sr M2 BAPD 6(1)
*Pd-U M2,92 [56Cat, Pt-Rb M2 [8 lLoe] Rb-Ta M2.91 JAPD 6(3)
63Pell Pt-Re M2 M2 Rb-Tb No Data
*Pd-V M2 Binary *Pt-Rh M2,92 [Moffatt] Rb-Te M2 Unpublished
Vanadium Pt-RU M2 [72Hut] Rb-Th NoData
*Pd-W M2,91,92 Binarv Pt-S M2 Unpublished Rb-Ti M2 BAPD lO(2)
~unkten Pt-Sb M2,92 M2 *Rb-TI M2 [70Thu]
*Pd-Y M2,91 M2 Pt-Sc M2 M2 Rb-Tm NoData
*Pd-Yb M2 [73Ian] Pt-Se M2 M2 Rb-U NoData
*Pd-Zn M2 M2 *Pt-Si M2 JPE 12(5) Rb-V M2 Binary
Pd-Zr M2,92 JAPD 6( 1) Pt-Sm M2 M2 Vanadium
Pm-Po M2 M2 *Pt-Sn M2 [Hansen] Binary
Pm-Pr M2 M2 Pt-Sr M2 M2 Tungsten
Pm-Pu M2.92 M2 Pt-Ta M2 [8 1Wat] Rb-Y No Data
Pm-Rb M2 M2 Pt-Tb M2 M2 Rb-Yb No Data
Pm-Ru M2 M2 Pt-TC M2 M2 Rb-Zn M2 BAPD 8(5)
Pm-Sm M2 M2 *Pt-Te M2 M2 Rb-Zr M2 BAPD 8(1)
Pm-Tb M2 M2 Pt-Th M2 BAPD 1l(3) Re-Rh M2 [62Ty13]
Pm-Th M2 M2 *Pt-Ti M2 Binary *Re-Ru M2 [62Rud]
Pm-TI M2 [88Sac] Titanium Re-S M2 M2
Pm-Tm M2 M2 *Pt-TI M2 M2 Re-Sb M2 M2
Pm-V M2 Binary Pt-Tm M2 M2 Re-Sc M2 [66Sav]
Vanadium *Pt-U M2 BAPD 1l(3) Re-Se M2 M2
Pm-W M2 Binary *Pt-V M2 Binary *Re-Si M2 Unpublished
Tungsten Vanadium Re-Sm M2 M2
Pm-Y M2 M2 Pt-W M2,91 Binary Re-Sn M2 M2
Po-Pr M2 [63Ker,Shunk] Tungsten Re-Sr No Data
Po-Pt M2 M2 Pt-Y M2 BAPD 1l(5) Re-Ta M2 [60Bro]
Po-S M2 [Hansen] Pt-Yb M2 M2 Re-Tb M2 [68Sav]
Po-Sc M2 M2 Pt-Zn M2 JPE 12(4) Re-Tc M2 M2
Po-Sm M2 M2 *Pt-Zr M2 M2 *Re-Te M2 [77Kur]
Po-Sr M2 M2 Pu-Rb No Data Re-Th M2 [77Gar]
Po-Ta M2 [60Wit] Pu-Re M2 [67Bow] Re-Ti M2 Binary
Po-Tb M2 M2 Pu-Rh M2 [78Lan] Titanium
Po-Ti M2 M2 Pu-Ru M2 [67Kut2] Re-TI No Data
Po-Tm M2 M2 Pu-S M2 M2 Re-Tm M2 M2
Po-W M2 Binary Pu-Sb M2 M2 *Re-U M2 M2
Tungsten *Pu-Sc M2 M2 *Re-V M2 Binary
Po-Y M2 M2 Pu-Se M2 M2 Vanadium
Po-Yb M2 M2 Pu-Si M2 [Shunk] Binary
Po-Zn M2 M2 Pu-Sm M2 M2 Tungsten
Po-Zr M2 M2 Pu-Sn M2 BAPD 9(2) Re-Y M2 [6 ILun]
Pr-Pt M2 M2 Pu-Sr M2 M2 Re-Yb M2 M2
Pr-Pu M2 M2 Pu-Ta M2 JPE 12(5) Re-Zn M2 M2
Pr-Rb No Data Pu-Tb M2 M2 Re-Zr M2 M2
Pr-Re M2 [64Ell] Pu-Te M2 M2 Rh-RU M2 [84Pas]
Pr-Rh M2 M2 Pu-Th M2 BAPD 6(3) Rh-S M2,92 [Moffatt]
Pr-Ru M2 M2 Pu-Ti M2 Binary Rh-Sb M2 [Shunk]
Pr-S M2,91 M2 Titanium Rh-SC M2 [58Com,
*Pr-Sb M2 M2 Pu-TI M2 [58Boc] 6 lDwi]
Pr-Sc No Data Pu-Tm M2 M2 *Rh-Se M2 M2
*Pr-Se M2 [70Yar] *Pu-u M2.92 BAPD 10(2) Rh-Si M2,92 JPE 13(1)
*Pr-Si M2 M2 Pu-v M2,91 JPE 12(5) Rh-Sm M2 M2
Pr-Sm M2 M2 Pu-W M2 Binary Rh-Sn M2 [Hansen]
*Pr-Sn M2 M2 Tungsten Rh-Sr M2 M2
Pr-Sr No Data Pu-Y M2 M2 *Rh-Ta M2 [64Gie]
Pr-Ta M2 [Moffatt] Pu-Yb M2 M2 Rb-Tb M2 M2
Pr-Tb M2 M2 *Pu-Zn M2 [Chiotti] Rh-TC M2 M2
Pr-Tc M2 [64Dar] *Pu-Zr M2 [Elliott] Rh-Te M2,91 M2
*Pr-Te M2 [70Yar] Ra-S M2 M2 Rh-Th M2 [63Tho]
Pr-Th M2 [67Badl] Ra-Se M2 M2 *Rh-Ti M2 Binary
Pr-Ti M2 M2 Ra-W M2 Binary Titanium
*Pr-TI M2 Unpublished Tungsten Rh-TI No Data
Pr-Tm M2 M2 Rb-Re No Data Rh-Tm M2 M2
Pr-U M2 M2 Rb-Rh M2 (8 ILoe] *Rh-U M2 [Ivanov]
Pr-V M2 Binary Rb-RU M2 [8 ILoe] *Rh-V M2 Binary
Vanadium Rb-S M2 M2 Vanadium
*Rb-Sb M2 [61Dor2]
2*20/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Data Data Data Data Data Data

System Published source type System Published source type System Published source type

Rh-W M2 Binary Sb-V M2 Binary *Sm-Sn M2 [82Bor]

Tungsten Vanadium Sm-Sr No Data
Rh-Y M2 M2 Sb-W M2,92 Binary Sm-Ta M2 [66Den2]
Rh-Yb M2 [76Ian] Tungsten Sm-Tb M2 M2
Rh-Zn M2 M2 *Sb-Y M2 [70Sch] Sm-Te M2 M2
Rh-Zr M2 Unpublished Sb-Yb M2 M2 Sm-Th M2 M2
Rn-W Binary *Sb-Zn M2 [27Tak,66Vui] Sm-Ti No Data
Tungsten Sb-Zr M2 Unpublished *Sm-TI M2 Unpublished
RU-S M2,91 M2 Sc-Se M2 M2 Sm-Tm M2 M2
RU-Sb M2 M2 Sc-Si M2 BAPD 7(4) Sm-U M2 M2
RU-SC M2 [Moffatt] Sc-Sm No Data Sm-V M2 Binary
Ru-Se M2 M2 Sc-Sn M2 M2 Vanadium
*Ru-Si M2,92 M2 Sc-Sr M2 M2 Sm-W M2 Binary
Ru-Sm M2,91 M2 Sc-Ta M2 [66Den 11 Tungsten
Ru-Sn M2 M2 SC-Tb M2 M2 Sm-Y M2 BAPD 4(2)
Ru-Sr No Data SC-TC M2 M2 Sm-Yb No Data
*Ru-Ta M2,91 M2 Sc-Te M2 M2 *Sm-Zn M2 [Moffatt]
RU-Tb M2 M2 SC-Th M2,91 [69Bad] Sm-Zr M2 [Elliott]
RU-TC M2 M2 *&-Ti M2 Binary Sn-Sr M2 M2
Ru-Te M2 M2 Titanium Sn-Ta M2 M2
Ru-Th M2 [63Tho] SC-TI No Data Sn-Tb No Data
*Ru-Ti M2 Binary Sc-Tm No Data Sn-Tc M2 M2
Titanium Sc-u M2 M2 *Sn-Te M2 BAPD 7(1)
RU-TI No Data D Sc-v M2 Binary Sn-Th M2 BAPD lO(4a)
Ru-Tm M2 M2 Vanadium *Sn-Ti M2 Binary
*Ru-U M2 BAPD 2(4) Sc-W M2 Binary Titanium
*Ru-V M2 Binary Tungsten *Sn-TI M2 M2
Vanadium *Sc-Y M2 BAPD 4(2) Sn-Tm M2 M2
RU-W M2,92 Binary SC-Yb M2 M2 *Sn-U M2 BAPD 8(4)
Tungsten Sc-Zn M2 [Pears01131 Sn-V M2 Binary
Ru-Y M2 M2 *Sc-Zr M2 JPE 12(1) Vanadium
RU-Yb M2 r76Ianl Se-Si M2 M2 Sn-W M2 Binary
Ru-Zn Se-Sm M2 M2 Tungsten
Ru-Zr *Se-Sn M2 BAPD 7(1) *Sn-Y M2 M2
S-Sb M2 ~i *Se-Sr M2 [75LysI *Sn-Yb M2 JPE 12(4)
S-Sc M2 M2 Se-Ta M2 [Pears01131 *Sn-Zn M2 BAPD 6(4)
*S-Se M2 Unpublished Se-Tb M2 M2 *Sn-Zr M2 BAPD 4(2)
S-Si M2 M2 *Se-Te M2 Unpublished Sr-Ta No Data
S-Sm M2 M2 Se-Th M2 [Hansen] Sr-Tb No Data
*S-Sn M2 BAPD 7(3) Se-Ti M2 Binary *Sr-Te M2 [75LysI
S-Sr M2 M2 Titanium Sr-Th No Data
S-Ta No Data *%TI M2 [8 1Mor] Sr-Ti M2 Binary
S-Tb M2 M2 *Se-Tm M2 M2 Titanium
S-Tc M2 M2 *Se-U M2 [75Ell] *Sr-TI M2 M2
*S-Te M2 BAPD 10(4)~, Se-V M2 Binary Sr-Tm No Data
S-Th M2 M2 Vanadium Sr-U M2 M2
*S-Ti M2 Binary Se-W M2 Binary Sr-V M2 Binary
Titanium Tungsten Vanadium
S-TI M2 M2 Se-Y M2 M2 Sr-W M2 Binary
S-Tm M2 M2 Se-Y b M2 M2 Tungsten
S-u M2 M2 Se-Zn M2 Unpublished Sr-Y M2 M2
S-v M2 Binary Se-Zr M2 M2 Sr-Yb No Data
Vanadium Si-Sm M2 BAPD 9(5) *Sr-Zn M2 M2
S-W M2 Binary *Si-Sn M2 BAPD 5(3) Sr-Zr No Data
Tungsten *Si-Sr M2 BAPD lO(6) T-Ta 92 [90Con]
S-Y M2 M2 *Si-Ta M2 Unpublished Ta-Tb M2 [66Denl]
S-Yb M2 [78Eli] Si-Tb M2 M2 Ta-Tc M2 M2
S-Zn M2 Unpublished Si-Tc M2 M2 Ta-Te M2,92 JPE 13(3)
S-Zr M2 M2 *Si-Te M2 [80Dav] *Ta-Th M2 JAPD 5(1)
*Sb-Se M2 M2 *Si-Th M2 [Thorium] *Ta-Ti M2 Binary
*Sb-Si M2 BAPD 6(5) *Si-Ti M2 Binary Titanium
*Sb-Sm M2 M2 Titanium Ta-TI M2 M2
*Sb-Sn M2 [7 lPre] Si-TI M2 BAPD 6(6) Ta-Tm M2 [66Den I]
*Sb-Sr M2 [75Vak] Si-Tm M2 M2 *Ta-U M2 JAPD 4(3)
Sb-Ta No Data *Si-U M2 M2 *Ta-V M2 Binary
*Sb-Tb M2 M2 *Si-V M2 Binary Vanadium
*Sb-Te M2 M2 Vanadium *Ta-W M2 Binary
Sb-Th M2 M2 Si-W M2 Binary Tungsten
Sb-Ti M2 Binary Tungsten Ta-Y M2 M2
Titanium Si-Y M2,91 BAPD 7(5) Ta-Yb M2 M2
*Sb-TI M2 Unpublished Si-Yb M2 M2 Ta-Zn M2 [Pearsod]
Sb-Tm M2 M2 *Si-Zn M2 BAPD 6(6) *Ta-Zr M2 JAPD 5(2)
*Sb-U M2 BAPD l(2) *Si-Zr M2 BAPD 1l(5) Tb-TC M2 M2
(continued)
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams/2*21

Data Data Data Data Data Data

System Published source type System Published source type System Published source type

Tb-Te M2 *Th-Ti Binary Tm-W Binary

Tb-Th [67Bad2] Titanium Tungsten
Tb-Ti [83Kub] *Th-TI M2 Tm-Y M2
*Tb-TI Unpublished Th-Tm [Moffatt] Tm-Yb M2
Tb-Tm M2 Th-U BAPD 6(5) Tm-Zn M2
Tb-U [Elliott] Th-V Binary Tm-Zr [Shunk]
Tb-V Binary Vanadium U-v Binary
Vanadium Th-W Binary Vanadium
Tb-W Binary Tungsten u-W Binary
Tungsten Th-Y [60Eas] Tungsten
Tb-Y BAPD 4(2) Th-Yb M2, D u-Y M2
Tb-Y b M2 *Th-Zn [6 lChi] U-Yb M2
Tb-Zn M2 *Th-Zr [58Gib,61Joh] U-Zn BAPD l(2)
Tb-Zr [Moffatt] Ti-Tm M2 *U-Zr BAPD 10(2)
Tc-Te M2 *Ti-U Binary *v-W Binary
Tc-Th [65Dar] Titanium Tungsten
Tc-Ti Binary *Ti-V Binary v-Y Binary
Titanium Vanadium Vanadium
Tc-U [65Dar] *Ti-W Binary V-Y b Binary
Tc -V Binary Tungsten Vanadium
Vanadium *Ti-Y Binary V-Zn Binary
Tc-W Binary Titanium Vanadium
Tungsten Ti-Yb M2 *V-Zr Binary
TC-Y M2 Ti-Zn Binary Vanadium
Tc-Zn [64Cha] Titanium W-Xe Binary
Tc-Zr M2 *Ti-Zr Binary Tungsten
Te-Th M2 Titanium W-Y Binary
Te-Ti Binary TI-Tm M2 Tungsten
Titanium TI-U [52Ian,63Johj W-Yb Binary
*Te-T1 M2 T1-V Binary Tungsten
Te-Tm M2 Vanadium W-Zn Binary
*Te-U [Moffatt] TI-W Binary Tungsten
Te-V Binary Tungsten *W-Zr Binary
Vanadium T1-Y M2 Tungsten
Te-W Binary *TI-Yb Unpublished Y-Y b M2
Tungsten *TI-Zn [07Veg,52Sei] *Y-Zn M2
Te-Y M2 TI-Zr M2 *Y-Zr JPE 12(4)
*Te-Yb M2 Tm-U M2 *Yb-Zn [68Mas]
*Te-Zn BAPD 8(1) Tm-V Binary Yb-Zr M2
Te-Zr M2 Vanadium Zn-Zr JPE 13(4)
2*22/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

References Cited in Binary Alloys Index

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40And: K.W. Andrews, H.E. Davies, W. Hume- E. Corenzwit, and D.D. Davis, Phys. Rev., Spedding and A.H. Daane, Ed., John Wiley &
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41Rol: L. Rolla and A. Iandelli, Ric. Sci., 20, Crystallogr., 12,651-654 (1959). 179p (1961); quoted in [Elliott].
1216-1226(1941). 59Ell: R.P. Elliott, Trans. ASM, 52, 990-1014 61Poo: D.M. Poole, M.G. Bale, P.G. Mardon,
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42Mon: E. Montignie, Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr., 9, 343-347 (1959). 280 (1961).
658-661 (1942). 59Sch: F.W. Schonfeld, E.M. Crarner, W.N. 61Sav: E.M. Savitskii, M.A. Tylkina, R.V.
5OBer: J. Berak and T. Heumann, Z. Metallkd., Miner, F.H. Elinger, and A S . Coffmbeny, Kirilenko, and C.V. Kopetskii, Zh. Neorg.
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52Ian: A. Iandelli and R. Ferro, Ann. Chim. Pergamon Press, New York, 579-599, (1959). Russ. J. Inorg. Chem., 6,755-756 (1961).
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52Now: H. Nowotny, E. Bauer, A. Stampfl, and (1960). AIME, 224,367-372 (1962).
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 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams/2.23

62Rud: E. Rudy, B. Kietter, and H. Froelich, Z. 64Wit: L.J. Wittenburg and G.R. Grove, 68Gu12: B.B. Gulyaev, in Phase Diagrams of
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E.M. Savitskii, Zh. Neorg. Khim., 7, 1469- [Shunk]. 68Mas: J.T. Mason and P. Chiotti, Trans.AIME,
1470 (1962) in Russian; TR: Russ. J. Inorg. 65Dar: J.B. Darby, Jr., A.F. Bemdt, and J.W. 242, 1167-1171 (1968).
Chem., 7,755-756 (1962). Downey, J. Less-Common Met., 9 , 466-468 68Mcm: O.D. McMasters, T.J. O'Keefe, and
62-12: M.A. Tylkina, V.P. Polyakova, and (1965). K.A. Gschneidner, Jr., Trans. Metall. Soc.
E.M. Savitskii, Zh. Neorg. Khim., 7, 1467- 65Ell: R.P. Elliott, in Rare Earth Research 111, AIME, 242(5), 936-939 (1968).
1468 (1962) in Russian; TR: Russ. J. Inorg. L. Eyring, Ed., Gordon and Breach, Science 68Sav: E.M. Savitskii and O.Kh. Khamidov,
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62-13: M.A. Tylkina, V.P. Polyakova, and 65Haa: D.J. Haase, H. Steinfink, and E.J. 69Bad: T.A. Badayeraand R.I. Kuznetsova,Izv.
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1927 (1962) in Russian; TR: Russ. J. Inorg. and Breach, Science Publishers, New York, in Russian; TR: Russ. Metall., ( 3 , 101-106
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63Joh: I. Johnson and M.G. Chasanov, Trans. 65Swi: J.H. Swisher, NASA Tech. Note, 69Benl: R. Benz and P. L. Stone, High Temp.
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63Ker: C.J. Kershner and R.H. Steinmeyer, [Shunk]. 69Ben2: R. Benz, C.G. Hoffman, and G.N.
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63Liu: C.H. Liu, AS. Pashinkin, and A.V. No- 1306-1319 (1966). 69Bor: V.A. Boryaleova, Ya Kh. Grinberg, E.G.
voselova, Dokl. Akad. NaukSSSR, 151,1335- 66Denl: D.H. Dennison, M.J. Tschetter, and Shukov, V.A. Koryazhkin, and Z.S. Med-
1338 (1963) in Russian; TR: Dokl. Chem., K.A. Gschneidner, Jc, J. Less-Common vedeva, Inorg. Mater. J, 397-399 (1969).
151,662-664 (1963). Met.,lO (2), 108-115 (1966). 69Mcm: O.D. McMasters and K.A. Gschneid-
630br: W. Obrowski, Metall, 17, 108-112 66Den2: D.H. Dennison, M.J. Tschetter, and ner, Jr., J. Less-Common Met., 19. 337-344
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63Tho: J.R. Thompson, J. Less-Common Met., 66Vui: G. Vuillard and J.P. Piton, Compt. Rend. 70Sch: F.A. Schmidt and O.D. McMasters, J.
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6351: M.A. Tylkina, V.P. Polyakova, and 67Badl: T.A. Badayeva and R.I. Juznetsova, 70Thu: R. Thurnrnel and W. Klemm, Z. Anorg.
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63Wil: G.P. Williams and L. Slifkin, Acta Met- 67Bow: D.F. Bowersox and J.A. Leary, J . Nucl. 70Yar: E.I. Yarembach, Colloq. Intern. CNRS
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64Cha: M.G. Chasanov, I. Johnson, and R.V. 67Car: O.N. Carlson, F.A. Schmidt, and D.E. 71Cun: P.T. Cunningham, S.A. Johnson, and
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64Dar: J.B. Darby, Jr., L.J. Norton, and J.W. scheider, Z. Metallkd.. 58,724-726 (1967) in 71Gri: R.B. Griffin and K.A. Gschneidner, Jc,
Downey, J. Less-Common Met., 6, 165-167 German. Metall. Trans., 2(9), 25 17-2524 (1971).
(1964). 67Kirl: H.R. Kirchmayr and W. Lugscheider, 7lPre: B. Predel and W. Schwermann, J. Inst.
64Ell: R.P. Elliott, in Rare Earth Research 111, Z. Metallkd., 58(3), 185-188 (1967). Met., 99, 169-173 (1971).
Proc. 4th Conf. Rare Earth Res., L. Eyring, 67Kir2: H.R. Kirchmayr and W. Lugscheider, 7lSve: V.N. Svechnikov, G.F. Kobzenko, and
Ed., Gordon and Breach, New York, 215-245 Z. Metallkd., 58, 185-193 (1967) in German. V.G. Ivanchenko, Metallofizika, (33), 93-95
(1964). 67Kutl: V.I. Kutaitsev, N.T. Chebortarev, I.G. (1971).
64Gie: B.C. Giessen, H. Ibach, and N.J. Grant, Lebedev, M.A. Andrianov, V.N. Konev, and 72Bor: J.D. Bomand and P. Feschotte, J Less-
Trans.AlME, 230, 113-122 (1964). T.S. Menshikova, Plutonium 1965, Chapman Common Met., 29,81-91 (1972) in French.
64Hew: I.F. Hewaidy, E. Busmann, and W. & Hall, London, 420-449 (1967). 72Hut: J.M. Hutchinson, Jr., Platinum Met.
Klemm, Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem., 328,283-293 67Kut2: V.I. Kutaitsev, N.T. Chebortarev, I.G. Rev., 16, 88-90 (1972).
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640bil: I. Obinata, Y. Takeuchi, K. Kurihara, T.S. Menshikova, Plutonium 1965, Chapman Met., 27, 297-309 (1972).
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28,562-568 (1964). 67Mcm: O.D. McMasters and K.A. Gschneid- Trans., 3,2851-2855 (1972).
640bi2: I. Obinata, Y. Takeuchi, K. Kurihara, ner, Jr., J. Less-Common Met., 13, 193-199 72Por: K.I. Portnoi and V.M. Romashov, Sov.
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28,568-576 (1964). 67Par: J.K. Pargeter and W. Hume-Rothery, J. (1972).
64Pec: W.H. Pechin, D.E. Williams, and Less-Common Met., 12, 366-374 (1967). 72Shu: A.K. Shurin and V.V. Pet'kov, Russ.
W.L. Larsen, Trans. ASM, 57, 464-473 67Rus: P.G. Rustamov, B.N. Mardakhaev, and Metall., (2), 122-144 (1972).
(1964). M.G. Safarov, Inorg. M a t e ~ , 3 ( 3 )429-433
, 73Bus: K.H.J. Buschow, J. Less-Common Met.,
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Comm. IS-613, 13 p (1964); quoted from 67Sto: E.K. Storms, The Refractory Carbides, 73Gha: H. Ghassem and A. Raman, Metall.
[Shunk]. Academic Press, New York (1967). Trans.,4, 745-748 (1973).
64Rhy: D.W. Rhys and E.G. Price, Met. Ind., 68Gull: B.B. Gulyaev and G.F. Dvorshkaya, 73Ian: A. Iandelli and A. Palenzona, Rev. Chim.
105,243-247 (1964). inphase Diagrams of Metallic Systems, E.M. Miner., 303-308 (1973).
64Rit: D.L. Ritter, B.C. Giessen, and N.J. Savitskii, Ed., Akad. Nauk SSSR, 267-273 73Loe: 0. Loebich, Jr. and E. Raub, J. Less-
Grant, Trans. AIME, 230, 1250-1267 (1964). (1 968) in Russian. Common Met., 30,47-62 (1973).
2*24/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

73Sav: E. Savitskii, V. Polyakova, and E. 77Kuz: A.N. Kuznetsov, K.A. Chuntonov, and 81Mor: G. Morgaut, B. Legendre, S. Mareglier-
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73Sve: V.N. Svechnikov, G.F. Kobzenko, and 77Wat: R.M. Waterstrat and R.C. Manu- 81Wat: R.M. Waterstrat,J. Less-Common Met.,
V.G. Ivanchenko, Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, szewski, J. Less Common Met., 51, 55-67 80, P31-P36 (1981).
213, 1062-1064 (1973). (1977). 82Bor: G. Borzone, A. Borsese, and R.
74Gscl: K.A. Gschneidner, Jr. and M.E. 77Yat: S.P. Yatsenko, J. Chim. Phys., 74, 836- Ferro, J. Less-Common Met., 85, 195-203
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40-41 (1974). V.I. Yushrov, Zh. Neorg. Khim.,23,(2),492- Garnidov, Matel: Res. Bull., 17, 1147-1153
74Gsc2: K.A. Gschneidner, Jr. and M.E. 296 (1978) in Russian; TEt Russ J. Inorg. (1982).
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74Lev: Yu.V. Levinskiy, Russ. Metall., (I), 34- (I), 171-173(1978). Yu.1. Buyanov, Dop. Akad. Nauk Ukr. RSRA,
37 (1974). 78Lan: C.C. Land, D.E. Peterson, and R.B. (3), 83-88 (1983).
74Rayl: A.E. Ray, Cobalt, (I), 13-20 (1974). Root, J. Nucl. Mat., 75, 262-273 (1978). 83Kub: 0.Kubaschewski-VonGoldbeck, Tita-
74Ray2: A.E. Ray, Cobalt, (I), 3-20 (1974). 78Yat: S.P. Yatsenko, B.G. Semenov, and K.A. nium: Physicochemical Properties of Its
74Yar: E.I. Yarambash, E.S. Vigileva, A.A. Chuntonov, Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Met., (5) Compounds and Alloys, Atomic Energy Re-
Eliseev, A.V. Zachatskaya, T.G. Arninov, and 222-224 (1978) in Russian; TR:Russ. Metall., view; Spec. Issue No. 9, 0. Kubaschewski,
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75Ell: G.V. Ellert, V.G. Sevast'yanov, and V.K. Allg. Chem, 457, 91-104 (1979) in Ger- Thumrnler, J. Less-Common Met., 98, 279-
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75Gat: J. Gatterer, D. Dufek, F! Ettmayer, and Binary Metallic Systems, Vol. 4, Nauka, Mos- 233,1985.
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75Vak: A.V. Vakhobov, Z.U. Niyazova, and in German. 86Bar3: O.M. Barabash and Yu.N. Koval,
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76Vol: A.E. Vol and l.K Kagan, Handbook of Acta Phys. Sin. (China),29,469-484 (1980). 87Mel: L.Z. Melenkov, S.P. Yatsenko, K.A.
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- -- --
- Kc-
' P '
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams/2*25

A.J. McAlister, 1987

Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Al symbol group

(Ag) 0.0 cF4 Fmzm

P 6.1 to 7 . 4 c12 Im3m
6 6.9 to 15.3 hP2 P63lmmc
P -6.2 to 7 . 3 cP20 P4132
P21?(a)
(Al) 100 rF4 Fm3m
(a) -300 "C

Ag-As M.R. Baren, 1990

ALomlc P e r c e n t Arsenic
1000 . . .J E...A 90 loo
-,.....I... "-.1 Phase ~
Composition,
wt% As
Pearson
symbol
Space
group

(Ag) 0 to 5.5 cF4 ~mSm

< 6.8 to 7 . 9 hP2 P63Immc
(As) 100 hR 2 ~3rn

0 10
~lr..-...~.,l-----T-7~.~.---__
20 30 40 50 60 70 60 90 100

A&? Welght P e r r e n t Arsenic As

Ag-Au H. Okamoto and T.B. Massalski, 1987

A t o m ~ cP e r c e n t G o l d
20 30 10 50 60 Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% A u symbol group

L (Ag.Au) 0 to 100 cF4 F ~ S ~

950 F
0 10 20 30 10 50 60 70 80 90 10,
Ag Welght P e r c e n t G o l d Au
2026/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Ag-Be H. Okamoto and L.E. Tanner, 1987

A t o m ~ cPercent B e r y l l ~ u m
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Be symbol group

(Ag) 0 to 0.03 ($4 Fmm

6 or AgBez -18? c F24 FdTm
(aBe) 99.40 to 100 hP2 P6jlmmc
@Be) 100 ~12 lm3m
Questionable phases (stable? metastable?)
Y -12 ? ?
AgBe~z 50 r126 I4lmmm

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 W 100
AE Weight Percent B e r y l h u m Be

Ag-Bi R.P. Elliott and F.A. Shunk, 1980

Atomic P e r c e n t B l s m u t h
0 LO 20 30 40 50 60 70 60 90 lo0 Composition, Pearson Space
1100
Phase wt% Bi symbol group

(Ag) 0 to 4.945 1.F4 Fmm

(Bi) -100 /a2 R3m

100

Ag Welght P e r c e n t B i s m u t h Bi

Ag-Ca M.R. Baren, 1988

Atomic P e r c e n t Calclum
o 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 en 100 Composition, Pearson Space
1 0 0 0 Phase ~ wt% Ca symbol group

(Ag) 0 1.F4 Fmm

&9Ca2 7.7 ... ...
AglCaz 9.6 hP18 P6322
AgzCa 15.6 0112 Imma
AgCa 27.1 oC8 Cmcm
A&% 38.2 1/32 I4/mcm
Am3 52.7 ... ...
Wa) 100 cF4 Fm?m
(pca)(a) 100 1.12 ImTm
(a) Above 443 OC

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 60 90 100

Ag Weight P e r c e n t Calcium Ca
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagramd2.27

Ag-Cd From [Hansenl

~ t o r n l cPercent Cadmlum Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Cd symbol group

(Ag) 0 to 43.2 cF4 ~m3m

B 41 to 56 cI2 1m3m
P' 49.5 to 51.0 (a) ...
6 50.5 to 57 (b) ...
Y' 58 to 63.5 ... ...
Y 58 to 63.5 cI5 2 1z3m
E 65.4 to 82 hP2 P6glmmc
(Cd) 93.3 to 100 hP2 P63Immc
(a) Ordered k c . (b) cph

Ag-Ce K.A. Gschneidner, Jr. and F.W. Calderwood, 1985

Atomlc Percent Cerlurn Composition, Pearson Space
1303 Phase wt% Ce symbol group

0 to -0.06 cF4 Fm3m

11w1

I. Karakaya and W.T. Thompson, 1986

Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Co symbol group

(Ag) 0 to 0 . 4 4 cF4 Fm3m

Wo)(a) 100 hP2 P631mmc
(aCo) -100 cF4 Fm3m
(a) Below 422 'C
2*28/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Ag-Cu P.R. Subramanian and J.H. Perepezko, unpublished

Atomic Percent Copper
1200
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Cu symbol group
1100
(Ag) 0 to 8.8 1 F4 Fmk
(Cu) 92.0 to 100 c F4 Fm3m

&-DY K.A. Cschneidner, Jr. and F.W. Calderwood, 1985

Atornlr Percent Dysproslurn
Composition, Pearson Space
wt% Dy symbol group

0 to 1.95 cF 4 Fm?m
29.2 to 34.0 hP65 ...
41.8 to 44.0 tI6 I41m-nm
60.1 cP2 Pm3m
100 el2 Im3m
100 hP2 P63/mmc
100
(a) Below -187 'C

Ag-Er K.A. Cschneidner, Jr. and F.W. Calderwood, 1985

Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% E r symbol group
-

(Ag) 0 to 5.5 cF4 Fmm

Ag5~%4 29.8 to 34.7 hP65 ...
AgzEr 43.6 116 I4Im-rn
AgEr 60.8 cP2 Pm3m
(Er) 100 hP2 P63lmmc

Weight Percent Erblurn Er

 Binary Alloy Phase Diagramsl2.29

Ag-Eu K.A. Gschneidner, Jr. and F.W. Calderwood, 1985

A t o r n ~ c Percent Europ~um
Composition, Pearson Space
0 10 20
Phase wt% Eu symbol group

(Ag) 0 cF4 ~mTm

Ag5Eu 22.0 hP6 P6/mmm
Ag4Eu 26 rll0 14/m
AgzEu 41.3 011 2 Imma
AgEu 58.5 oP8 Pnma
AgzEu3 67.9 tPl0 P4lmbm
(Eu) 100 c12 Im3m

4W 8 a
80 ,

a ,
,
a 0
80

2 W- - r , ....* ~-------------------7--
0 10 20 30 40 50 W 70 80 90 IM)

Ag Welght Percent Europlurn Eu

Ag-Fe 1.1. Swartzendruber, 1984

A t o m i c Percent S i l v e r Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Ag symbol group

16W 6 or (6Fe) 0 to 0.033 c12 Im5m

Y 01 W e ) o to 0.042 cF4 Fmm
a or (aFe) 0 to 0.0004 c12 1m7m
(Ag) 99.99663 to 100 cF4 FmTm
14W

U
0

6W

Fe Weight Percent S i l v e r

Ag-Ga H. Okamoto, 1992

Atornlc Percent Galllurn Composition, Pearson Space
0 10 ZO 30 40 50 60 70 80 00
1000+-.-&&FA Phase wt% Ga symbol group

(Ag) 0 to 12 cF4 ~m%m

5 15 to 25 hP2 P63/mmc
r' 18 to 24 hP9
AgGa 39.2 c12
(Gal 100 oC8
2*30/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Ag-Gd K.A. Cschneidner, Jr. and F.W. Calderwood, 1985

Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Gd symbol group

(Ag) 0 to -1.4 cF4 ~mTm

Ag51Gd1.1 28.5 tP65 P6lm
Ag2Gd 42.1 116 I4Im-m
AgGd 59.3 cP2 Pm2m
(PGd) 100 d2 Im3m
(aGd) 100 hP2 P6slmmc

Ag-Ce R.W. Olesinski and C.J. Abbaschian, 1988

Atomic Percent Silver
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wi% Ag symbol group

(Ge) -0 cF8 FdTm

GeII (HP) 0 tl4 1411amd
(Ag) 93.3 to 100 cF4 Fm3m
Metastable phases
P (cph) 83 to 86 hP* ...
Tetragonal 85 I** ...

: Ge Weight Percent Silver Ag

M.R. Baren, unpublished

c Percent Mercury
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% H g symbol group

(Ag) 0 to 52.5 cF4 F m k

5 58.9 to 61.3 hP2 P63/mmc
Y 70.0 to 71.0 cI* I23
(a%) loo h~ 1 ~ 5 m
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams/2.31

Ag-Ho K.A. Gschneidner, Jr. and F.W. Calderwood, 1985

Atomic Prrcent Holmlurn Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Ho symbol group

(Ag) 0 to 2.4 cF4 ~~3~

Ags1H014 29.5 hP65 P6/m
A m 0 43.3 t16 I4/m-rn
AgHo 60.5 cP2 Pm3m
(Ho) 100 hP2 P63/mmc

Weight Percent Holmlum Ho

M.R. Baren, 1992

Composition, Pearson Space
_.,. .., .
ill,
,
I0 1
Phase wt% I n symbol group

a(Ag) o to 22.1 cF4 Fm3m

P 26.2 to 31.3 c12 1m3m
a'(Ag3In) 26 cP4? pmTrn?
6 26.2 to 47.6 hP * ...
i' ? hP8 P63Immc
y(Ag2In) 32.5 to 35.0 cP52 Pz3m
cp(AgInz) 68.1 1112 l4/mcm
(In) 100 r12 Mlmmm
Metastable phases
... 19.4 W 2 P63Ipmc
... 7 1 to 81 cF4 Fm3m

Ag-La K.A. Gschneidner, Jr. and F.W. Calderwood, 1983

Atomlc P ~ r c e n tLanthanum Composition, Pearson Space
0 10 20 30 40 50 70 80 90 100
- .
M)
Phase wt% L a symbol group
t- ---.
(Ag) 0 cF4 Fm3m
20.5 hP? ...
Ags1La14 26.1 hP65 ...
AgzJ-a 39.1 0112 Imma
Ag La 56.3 cP2 Pm'm
(?'La) loo c12 Im3m
@La) loo cF4 Fm3m
(aLa) loo hP4 P63lmmc

..
.ll__C__ __r___.
10 20 30 60 70 80 90 1

Ae Weight Percent Lanthanum La

2*32/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Ag-Li A.D. Pelton, 1986

Atomlc P e r c e n t L i t h l u m
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Li symbol group

(Ag) 0 to 9.1 cF4 Fm2m

B 6.1 to 18 cP2 Pm3m
73 10.9 to 17 Cubic (cP52?) ~23m?
Y2 17 to 28 Cubic (cI52?) 1&3m?
YI 32 to 43 Cubic ...
(!W 39 to 100 d2 lm3m
(aLi) 100 hP2 P6slmmc

Weight P e r c e n t L i t h i u m

A.A. Nayeb-Hashemi and J.B. Clark, 1988, with modifications

Atomic P e r c e n t Magneslum
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 80 100 Composition, Pearson Space
l o o o Phase ~ wt% Mg symbol group

( A g ) or a 0 to 8.5 cF4 ~mTm

Ag3Mg ord or a' 7 cP4 Pm3m
AgMg or P' 11 to 29.9 cP2 Pm3m
E' 41.4 to 44.7 tI* ...
E 41.4 to 44.7 CF* ...
AgMg4 47 hP* ...
(Mg)or 8 84.98 to 100 hP2 Pbslmmc

0 I0 20 30 40 50 60 70 60 80 IDO
Ag Weight P e r c e n t Magnesium Mg

The two-phase region between (Ag) and AgsMg (ordered) is not shown here.

Ag-Mo M.R. Baren, 1990

Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Mo symbol group

(Ag) 0 to 0.13 cF4 Fm2m

(Mo) 100 c12 Im3m
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams12033

Ag-Na A.D. Pelton, 1986

1
Atornlc P e r c e n t Sodlurn
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Composition, Pearson Space
1050- I I I , L-J--,A-,-,--~~- Phase wt% Na symbol group

:801.83°C
0 cF4 Fm3m
AgzNa 9.6 cF24 Fd3m
850- L (PN4 100 cI2 Im3m

U
650-
3
d
m

a
$ 150;
E-

,.- -----,-- ---- - - - --- -- - - - -------- -

- -
C. l
250-
gi
j:-(Ad 4i
I 87.7'C
5 0 -
o 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 sn ion
Ag Weight P e r c e n t S o d ~ u r n Na

Ag-Nd K.A. Cschneidner ,Jr. and F.W. Calderwood, 1985

At o r n l r Pcr r r n l Nrt~d).rnlnm

,100
0
1 . ..-.- LO
L.
2U
4 ....,.. 10
.1.,
I0
1.
50
l-T
60 70 till
1 .l....._...,. . 'W 11111
i Phase
Composition,
~ 1 Nd
%
Pearson
symbol
Space
group

(Ag) 0 to -5 cF4 ~mSm

Ags1Nd14 26.8 to 31.4 hP65 ...
PAgzNd 40.0 hP? ...
aAgzNd 40.0 0112 Imma
AgNd 57.2 cP2 Pm3m
(PW 97.4 to 100 c12 Im3m
(aNd) 99.0 to 100 hP4 P63lmmc

+'

M2

: Q

i 5 u

30
i
~&.--
1
40 50
3
,
60
- 70 80
-T.

90
. .-.-
liXl
Weight Percent Neodyrnlum Nd

Ag-Ni M. Singleton and P. Nash, 1991

Atomlc P e r c e n t Sllver
o LO 20 30 40 50 GO 70 80 so 100 Composition, Pearson Space
J'
1700 Phase wt % ~g symbol group

i Ll / Ll + L2
(Ni) 0 to 1.8 cF4 F ~ T ~
1500- 8 L (Ag) 99.3 to 100 cF4 FmTm
[
I~wc,:' 14ss"c
54 [
[
I
1300- i
?
G)
3 :
: --(Ni)
e
m 1100-
w
a
E esO% :W183'C
900:

700-

500
0 10 20 30 40 50 80 70 80 90 100
NI Weight P e r c e n t Silver Ag
2*34/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

I. Karakaya and W.T. Thompson, 1988

Atorn~c Percent Phosphorus
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Composition, Pearson Space
1400 0
, 4 90
Phase wt% P symbol group

(Ag) 0 cF4 Fmsm

AgP2 36.5 (a) ...
I 51.0 (b) Cm
P(b1ack) 100 oCB(c) Cmca
P(white) 100 (d) ...
P(red) 100 (e) ...
(a) Monoclinic seucture with P = 1 1 3.48". (b) Monoclinic structure with P = 118.84'. (c) At high pressures
black P transforms to a rhombohedra1 structure. (d) Cubic below -35 "C. (e) Cubic with 66 atoms per unit
cell

.. ..-
Welght Percent Phosphorus P

Ag-Pb I. Karakaya and W.T. Thompson, 1987

Atomlc Percent Lead
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Pb symbol erou~

Welght Percent Lead

Ag-Pd I. Karakaya and W.T. Thompson, 1988

Atomlc Percent Palladlurn
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Pd symbol group

(Ag.Pd) 0 to 100 cF4 Fmm

900

A.2 Welght Percent Palladium Pd

 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams12035

Ag-Pr K.A. Gschneidner, Jr. and F.W. Calderwood, 1985

Atornlr Percent Praseod,vmlurn
Composition, Pearson Space
10
_~L--A--A_~__c.+~..-A--.-I
20 30 40 50 ' 60 70 00
--..,.90 J t
100
Phase w t % Pr symbol group

(Ag) 0 t o -0.065 cF4 Fmf m

Ag~pr 20.8 ... ...
Ag51Pr14 26.4 to 30.3 hP65 ...
PAgzPr 39.5 hP? ...
aAgzPr 39.5 0112 Imma
AgPI 56.6 cP2 ~ m j m
(PW 97.3 to 100 c12 Im3m
(aW 99.0 to 100 hP4 P6slmmc

-(Ad %jL ' : :

0 I

4 ; i ! sDDc
,
I
8
,
,
I *
I I , a
: : : a
__. .-. ...... L7 - P I .......... ,----
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 IW

Ag W e ~ g h t Percent P r a s e o d y m ~ u r n Pr

Ag-Pt I. Karakaya and W.T. Thompson, 1987

Atornlc P e r c e n t Plat~num
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 00 90
Composition(a), Pearson Space
I800 Phase ~ 1 pt% symbol group

Note: a', a", p. P', y, and f phases are questionable. (a) Rough composition from phase diagram. (b)
Rhombohedrally distorted cubic structure

Ag-S R.C. Sharma and Y.A. Chang, 1986

Atornlc Percent Sulfur
0 10 LO 30 40 50 60 i O 80 90 100 Composition, Pearson Space
1 Phase wt% S symbol group

(Ag) cF4 ~m?m

aAg2S mP24 P21Ic
aAgzS (acanthite) mP12 P2 1 In
PAg2+sS c16 ...
yAg2+ss cF12 ...
6AgzSb) t** ...
(as) oF128 Fddd
(PS) mp* P2dc
(a) High-pressure phase
2*36/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Ag-S b From [Hansenl

A t o m ~ cPercent Antimonv
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Sb symbol group

(Ag) 0 to 8.1 cF4 FmTm

c 9.6 to 18.0 hP2 P63/mmc
E 20.0 to 29.0 tP4 P41mmm
E' 23.5 to 28.5 (a) ...
(Sb) 100 hR2 R?m
(a) Ordered orthorhombic, L60 related

Weight Percent Antlmony Sb

Ag-Sc K.A. Gschneidner, jr. and F.W. Calderwood, 1983

Atomic Percent S c a n d i u m
20 30 40 50 BD Composition, Pearson Space
1BM -.-+ 7 p B p - Phase wt% Sc symbol group

(Ag) 0 to 4.6 cF4 FmTm

AgaSc 9 tllo 14/m
AgzSc 17.2 t16 I4Im-rn
AgSc 29.4 cP? Pm3m
I200
CfW 100 c12 ImTm
U
(asc) 100 hP2 P6slmmc
t Imo
Q

L
8,
B
e
BM

200
0 10 20 30 40 50 BO 70 80 90 100
Ag Weight Percent S c a n d i u m Sc

Ag-Se I. Karakaya and W.T. Thompson, 1990

Atomic Percent Selenium
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Se symbol group

(Ag) 0 cF4 F ~ T ~
PAgzSe 26.8 cI* ...
aAg2Se 26.8 o** ...
(Se) 100 W3 P3121

Ag We!ght Percent S e l e n ~ u m Se
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams12037

Ag-Si R.W. Olesinski and G.J. Abbaschian, 1989

Atomic P e r c e n t S l l v e r
0 LO 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 I
Coinposition, Pearson Space
1500 Phase wt% ~g symbol group

(SO 0 cF8 Fd3m

SiII(HP) 0 r14 1411~md
(Ag) 100 cF4 Fm3m
Metastable phases
SiAg2 -90 (a) ...
P 92 to 99 (b) ...
(a) Onhorhombic. (b) coh

SI W e ~ g h t P e r c e n t Sllver Ag

Ag-Sm K.A. Gschneidner, Jr. and F.W. Calderwood, 1985

Composition, Pear son Space
Phase wt% Sm symbol group

(Ag) 0 to -1.4 cF4 Fmm

Agdm14 -27.6 to 32.3 hP65 P6/m
PAg2Sm 41.0 hP? P63(?)
aAgzSm 41.0 ... ...
AgSm 58.2 cP2 Pm?m
(em) 100 ... ...
(PSm) 100 hP2 P63lmmc
(aSm) 100 hR3 ~?;m

0 LO 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Ag Welght Percent S a m a r i u m Srn

Ag-Sn

- 30
Atomzc Percent T l n
40
- " '
50 60 70 80 90 1
Phase

(Ag)
<
wt% Sn

0 to 12.5
I. Karakaya and W.T. Thompson, 1987
Composition,

12.8 to 24.58
Pearson
symbol

cF4
hP2
Space
group

Fmm
P631mmc
E 25.5 to 27 oP8 Pmmn
@sn) 99.92 to 100 t14 14,lamd
(aSn) 100 cF8 ~d?;m

e%
............................
0 I0 20 DO 40 50 M 70 80 90 LOO
Ag Weight Percent T l n Sn

-.--"- .-.- .... .-1.1..-. -... -. _-. I

2038/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Ag-Sr M.R. Baren, 1990

Atomic P e r c e n t S t r o n t ~ u m
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Sr symbol IrOUP

Fmm
P6lmmm
...
Imma
Pnma
R3
P63_mc
Fm3m
Im3m
(a) Not shown on diagram; probably a peritectic reaction. (b) Above 547 'C

Weight P e r c e n t S t r o n t ~ u m Sr

Ag-Te I. Karakaya and W.T. Thompson, 1991

A t o m ~ cP e r c e n t Tellurium
Composition(a), Pearson Space
1200 Phase wt% Te symbol group

(a) Compositions are taken from the assessed diagram. (b) fcc struclure. (c) bcc structure. (d) Referred to
as Ag7Te4 by [PearsonZ]. (e) Mineral empressite (regarded as metastable). (f) Tetragonal shucture stable
at pressures 2200 to 2500 kPa. Lattice parameters were measured at 2400 kPa pressure. (g) Tetragonal
structure stable at pressures over 2500 kPa. Lattice parameters were measured at 4000 kPa pressure. (b)
Simple cubic structure (metastable). 0) Stable at temperatures higher than 358 "C and pressures over 4.0
GPa

Ag-Ti 1.1. Murray and K.J. Bhansali, 1987

Atomic P e r c e n t Silver
60 70 80 90 100 Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Ag symbol group

--__ ---__ (aTi) 0 to -1.0 hP2 P63/mmc

--__-----____ @Ti) 0 to 29.2 cI2 Im3m
1500 --__--__ Ti2Ag 52.9 116 I41mmm
1400 TiAg -68 to -69 tP4 P4lnmn
(Ag) -98 to 100 cF4 FmTm

..~
Ti W e ~ g h tP e r c e n t S ~ l v e r Ag
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams/2*39

M.R. Baren, 1989

Atomic P e r c e n t T h a l l l u r n
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 60 90 Composition, Pearson Space
l 0 0 0 Phase ~ wt% T I symbol group

(Ag) 0 to -13.8 cF4 Fm3m

100 hP2 P63lmmc
(PTl)(a) ? t o 100 ~12 Im3m
(a) A b o v e 230 "C

LOO
0 10 20 30 10 50 60 70 80 90

K.A. Gschneidner, Jr. and F.W. Calderwood, 1983

Atomlc Percent Y t t r ~ u m
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 80 1 Composition , Pearson Space
N
.T
..-i-...r..16W
......l Phase wt% Y symbol group

0 to 1.08 cF4 Fmm

18.4 hP65 ...
29.2 r16 14lmmm
45.1 cP2 Pm3m
100 cI2 lm3m
100 hP2 P63lmmc

60 70 80
Yttrium

K.A. Gschneidner, Jr. and F.W. Calderwood, 1985

A t o m ~ cPercent Ytterb~um
Composition, Pearson Space
A-----
20 30
.4
.-- P - Y - 3 Phase wt% ~b symbol group

(Ag) 0 to 3.04 cF4 F ~ J ~

Ag9Yb2 ... ... ...
Ag7Yb~ 31.4 hP18 ...
Ag2Yb 44.5 012 Imma
P Ag Yb 61.6 cP2 ~ m m
aAgYb 61.6 oP8 Pnma
Ag2Yb3 70.6 tPl0 P41mbm
AgsYb~ 72.8 tI32 l 4 l ~ m
(YY~) 100 c12 Im3m
(PYb) 100 cF4 ~m3m
(aYb) 100 hP2 P63lmmc

40 60 80 LOO
W e i g h t Percent Y t t e r b ~ u m 'r b
2040/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Ag-Zn K.W. Andrews, H.E. Davies, W. Hume-Rothery, and

C.R. Oswin, 1940
Atomic Percent Zinc
Composition, Pearson Space
lmo Phase w t % Zn symbol group

(a) Ordered hexagonal

0 1 0 2 0 3 0 4 0 5 0 8 0 7 0 8 0 9 0 1 W
Ag Weight Percent Zinc Zn

Ag-Zr I. Karakaya and W.T. Thompson, 1992

Atomic Percent Zirconium
0 LO 20 30 40 50 80 70 60 80 100 Composition, Pearson Space
19W Phase wt% Zr symbol group

(Ag) 0 to 0.08 cF4 Fmh

AgZr -45.8 tP4 P4/nmm
17W -
A m 2 -62.9 t16 I4/mmm
,',' ,: :- (azr) 98.1 to 100 hP2 P631mm~
(PZr) 100 c12 Im3m
1500 -
P
u ,'
9
4
m 1300-
[

0 10 20 30 40 50 80 70 80 90 100
Ag We~ghtPercent Zirconium Zr

A.J. McAlister, 1984

Atornlc Percent Arsenic
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 60 90
Composition, Pearson Space
ZOO0 Phase wt% As symbol group

(All 0 cF4 Fmm

AlAs 73.5 cF8 FK3m
(As) 100 hR2 R3m

7T T.P.

4% S.P.

400

A1 Weight Percent Arsenic As

 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrarns/2*41

H. Okamoto, 1991
Atomlr P e r c e n t Gold
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Au symbol group

0 to 0.44 cF4 Fm%n

78 to 79 cF12 ~m3m
88 mP28 P211m
93 to 93.6 r16 I4/mmm
93.2 to 93.4 oP32 Pnmn
93.5 to 93.6 oP12 Pnma
95.1 hR132 R&
96.7 to 96.9 c12 Im3m
96.7 cP20 P2,3
98 to LOO cF4 Fmm

W e ~ g h t Percent Gold Au

Al-Ba H. Okamoto, 1992

A t o m ~ iP e r c r n t H e r ~ o r n
Composition, Pearson Space
0
,200 1-.7,7-.-. . . , .......A 10
,--Cr--c,...
50 60 70 80
20
..,.I,.. ....40Jiii.AA-LL, 30 100
Phase w t % Ba symbol group

IIO4T

1000

t-' Other phases

G1

3
+
m 800

a
j 727T

660 452'C

600 -

[email protected])

@a)-
400 r.,.-
0
..-7.------.F..lrl..T
10 20 30 40 50
.-,.
80
.,..,...,.-
70 80 90 lo0
Al W e ~ g h tP r r c r n t B a r ~ u r x Bd

AI-Be (calculated) J.L. Murray and D.J.Kahan, 1988

Atomlc Percent B e r y l l ~ u m
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Be symbol group

(Al) 0 to0.10 cF4 F~%I

99.979 to 100 c12 Im3m
W e ) 99.979 to 100 hP2 P631mmc
2*42/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

A.J. McAllister, 1984

A t o r n ~ cPercent B l s m u t h
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Bi symbol group

(Al) 0 to -0.23 cF4 Fm?m

(Bi) 100 hR2 RTm

zm
0 10 20 30 40 50 80 70 80 90 IW
Al Weight Percent B i s m u t h Bi

V.P. Itkin, C.B. Alcock, P.J. van Ekeren, and H.A.J. Oonk, 1988
Atornrc Percent Calcium
Composition, Pearson Space
1200 Phase wt% Ca symbol group

t (Al) 0 cF4 Fmm

A14Ca 27 1110 I4lmmm
AlzCa 42.6 cF24 Fdzm
(aCa) 100 cF4 Fm3m
(PC4 100 ~12 Im?m

Al Weight Percent Calcium Ca

Dashed lines = calculated.

AI-Cd A.J. McAlister, 1982

Atomlc Percent Cadrnlurn
0 5 10 I5 20 Composition, Pearsen Space
lMOJ Phase wt% Cd symbol group

0 10 20 30 40 50 80 70 80 90 1M
Al Weight Percent C a d m i u m Cd

- -
. - - ~

p , ;
-~ .
j W F -
$ L
,....,,.,+
,,
...I !. '

7;; ')gh, --
, %.
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams/2.43

K.A. Cschneidner, Jr. and F.W. Calderwood, 1988

Composition, Pearson Space
Phase w t % Ce symbol group

cF4 ~~3~
0128 Immm
tIl0 I4/mmm
hP8 P63Immc
cF24 Fd3m
oC16 Cmc2 or
Cmcm
hP8 P631mmc
cP4 Pm3m
cF4 Fmm
hP4 P63/mmc
cF4 F ~ S ~
c12 Im3m

A1 Weight P e r c e n i C e r ~ u m Ce

AI-Co A.J. McAlister, 1989

A t o m ~ cP e r c e n t Cobalt
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Co symbol group

(All -0 cF4 ~m3m

AI9Co2 32.6 mP22 P21la
AII~CO~ 40.2 mC93 Cm
A13Co 42.9 ... (a)
AI5Co2 46.7 hP28 P63/mmc
AlCo -67 to 88.9 cP2 Pm3m
(ECO) 92 to 100 hP2 P63Immc
(ace) -97 to 100 cF4 Fmm
Metastable phases
I
95 to 98 ... (b)
93 to 94 ... (b)
92 to 93 ... (b)
alv
a 93 to 94 ... (b)
(a) Unknown (b) Hexagonal

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 80 100
A1 Weight P e r c e n t C o b a l t Co

J.L. Murray, unpublished

Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% C r symbol group

(Al) 0 to 0.71 cF4 Fm3m

A1,Cr (AI13Cr2) -21.4 to -23.4 mC 104 C2Im
All lCrz (A15Cr) -25.7 to -28 mP48 P2
AI4Cr -30.4 to -33 mP180 P2/m
aAI9Cr4 -45 to -49.3 el5 2 143m
aAlsCr5 -5 1.5 to -58 hR26 R S ~
AICr2 -78.5 to -82.8 t16 I4/mmm
X(a) -85 ... ...
0 ) 69 to 100 C I ~ 1m3m
(a) It has been proposed that the structure is analogous to the o phase seen in, for example. Zr at high
pressure, but based on ordered k c AICq rather than on the disordered bcc structure.
2044/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

1.1. Murray, 1985

Atomic Percent Copper
Composition, Pearson Space
lla, Phase wt% Cu symbol group

('41) 0 to 5.65 cF4 F ~ T ~

0 52.5 to 53.7 1112 I4lmcm
'II 70.0 to 72.2 oP1 6 or oC16 Pban or Cmmm
'I2 70.0 to 72.1 mC20 C2lm
61 74.4 to 77.8 hP42 P6lmmm
62 74.4 to 75.2 (a 1 ...
El 77.5 to 79.4 (b ...
E2 72.2 to 78.7 hP4 P631mmc
6 77.4 to 78.3 (C I R3m
'lo 77.8 to 84 (d 1 ...
YI 79.7 to 84 cP5 2 Pa3m
Po 83.1 to 84.7 (d 1 ...
P 85.0 to 91.5 cI2 Im3m
a2 88.5 to 89 (el ...
0 ) 90.6 to 100 cF4 Fm3m
Metastable phases
8' ... tP6 ...
Weight Percent Copper P' ... cF16 F ~ T ~
A13Cu2 61 to 70 hPS P3m 1
(a) Monoclinic? (b) Cubic? (c) Rhombohedral. (d) Unknown. (e) DOZZ-typelong-period superlattice

K.A. Gschneidner, Jr. and F.W. Calderwood, 1988

Atomlc Percent E r b ~ u r n
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Er symbol group

(Al) 0 cF4 Fm3m

A13Er 67 cP4 Pm2m
A12Er 75.6 cF24 Fd3m
AlEr 86.1 oP1 6 Pmma
A12Er3 90 tP20 P42/mnm
AIEr2 92.6 oP1 2 Pnma
(Er) 100 hP2 P63lmmc

AI-Fe U.R. Kattner and B.P. Burton, 1992

Atomlc Percent A l u m ~ n u m
o 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 80 100 Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Al symbol group

We) o to -28 ~12 ImTm

We) 0 to 0.6 cF4 Fmb
FeAl 12.8 to -37 cP8 Pmjm
Fe3AI -13 to -20 cF16 Fm3m
E -40 to -47 c I 16? ...
FeAlz 48 to 49.4 aP18 P1
Fe2AI5 53 to 57 oC? Cmcm
FeA13 58.5 to 61.3 mC 102 c2/m
(All 100 cF4 Fm3m
Metastable phases
Fe2AI9 68.5 mP22 P21/c
FeA16 74.3 0C28 cmc21

,*
0, 0
0
,,
4 ,
0
4
11 1 1 4 ,
0, 8 4 , 0
0, 8 , , a
8,
0, ,
8 a , ,
8 8 ,

0 10 20 30 40 50 80 70 80 90 100
Fe ' We~ght Percent Aluminum A1
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams/2.45

J.L. Murray, 1983

Atornlc Percent G a l h u m
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Ga symbol group

(Al) 0 to -20(a) cF4 Fmm

(Ga) 100 oC8 Cmca
Metastable phases
a' 83 to 92.4 112 14lmmm
tJ 94 to 95 (b) (b)
(a) Can be extended to 83 wt% Ga by splat quenching. (b) Undetermined, low symmetry

10 20 30 40 50 80 70 80 90 IM
1 W e ~ g h t Percent G a l h u m Ga

AI-Gd K.A. Gschneidner, Jr. and F.W. Calderwood, 1988

A t o m ~ cP e r c e n t G a d o l ~ n ~ u m
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Gd symbol lroup.
-

0 cF4 ~mSm
A1,Gd 66 hP8 P63l~mc
74.4 cF24 Fd3m
85.4 oP16 Pmma
A1,Gd3 90 tP20 P42/mnm

10 20 30 40 50 60 70
AI W e ~ g h tP e r c e n t G a d o l ~ n ~ u r n

AI-Ge A.J. McAlister and 1.1. Murray, 1984

Atornlc Percent G e r r n a n ~ u m
0 5 I0 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 1W Composition, Pearson
1 Phase wt% Ge symbol

Fmm
~d3m
Metastable phases
YI ...

p A 0
1w --n--.--,--7---. --- .7

0 10 20 30 40 53 60 70 80 90 I W
Al Weight P e r c e n t G e r m a n ~ u r n Ge
2046/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

AI-H A. San-Martin and F.D. Manchester, 1992

Atomic P e r c e n t Hydrogen
0 0 002 0 004 Composition, Pearson Space
11oo-I . . . . , . .'. . , . . , . I , . . . , . 0'006. . . . . 0.006
,. ', . . , . . 0.'01.
, . , Phase wt% H symbol group

(a) At 660 OC and 0.1 MPa. (b) Produced by chemical reaction of organic solvents at atmospheric pressure

. . . ~ . . . , . . ~ . . . . , . , . . . . . . , . , . . . , . , .
0 0.0001 0 0002 0.0003 0 0001
Al Weight P e r c e n t Hydrogen

A.J. McAlister, 1985

Atomic P e r c e n t Mercury Composition, Pearson Space
10 20 30 40 50 807080 100
Phase wt% Hg symbol group

(Al) 0 cF4 F s m
(Hg) 100 hR I R3m

A1 W e ~ g h tPercent Mercury Hg

AI-HO K.A. Cschneidner, Jr. and F.W. Calderwood, 1988

A t o m ~ cP e r c e n t H o l m ~ u m
0 5 10 20 30 40 50 80 80 100 Composition, Pearson Space
1700 8 Phase wt% HU symbol group
-

(A0 cF4 FmTm

mo0c
A13Ho hR20 ~?m
A12Ho cF24 Fd3m
AlHo oPl6 Pmma
A12H03 tP20 P42jmnm
A1H02 oP12 Pnma
(Ho) hP2 P6nlmmc

Al Weight P e r c e n t Holmium Ho
2*48/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

AI-Mg J.L. Murray, 1988

Atomic Percent Magnesium
0 10 20 30 10 50 60 70 80 90 Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% M g symbol R~OUP

('41) 0 to 17.1 cF4

b(A13Mgz) 36.1 to 37.8 cF1168
R 39 hR53
Y(A112Mg17) 42 to 58.0 cI58
(Mg) 87.1 to 100 hP2
Metastable phases
AlzMg 31.0 tI24
T' 38 to 56.2 (a)
(a) Teuagonal

Weight Percent Magnesium

AI-Mn A.J. McAlister and 1.1. Murray, 1987

Atomic Percent Manganese
Composition, Pearson Space
1400 Phase wt% M n symbol group

Fmjm
Im3m
Cmcm

A1 Weight Percent Manganese Mn (a) Several other structures h a w been ascribed to the G phase or varianls of the G phase (G'. G7. (b) Metastable
phase. (c) A simple orthorhombic structure was reported in an alloy described as "AI4Mn." (d) Hexagonal. (e)
Variants of this structure are described as complex slacking sequences along the b axis. (0 Unknown (g) The
structure has beendescribed as distmed yhrass type, cubic (bcc or fcc), and rhombohehl.

U.R. Kattner, unpublished

Atomic Percent Aluminum
10 100 Composition, Pearson Space
0
' 20 30
' ,' 40
' , '
W
.
(10
. *
70
C . ~
80
+ -
90
, Phase wt % Al symbol group

0 to -7.4 cI2 ImTm

18.6 to 8.8 cP8 Pm3n
1 1 to 17.4 tP30 P421mnm
47 tI8 I4Immm
100 cF4 F ~ T ~

-------______

0 10 20 30 10 W dO 70 80 80 100
Nb Weight Percent Aluminum Al
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagramsl2.49

AI-Nd H. Okamoto, 1991

A t o r n l c Percent Neodyrnlum
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Composition, Pearson Space
1600 Phase wt% Nd symbol group

(Al) 0 to 0.05 cF4 ~~3~

aAIllNd3 59.3 0128 Immm
bA1IlNd3 59.3 tllo 14/mmm
Al3Nd 64 hP8 P63/!mc
AlzNd 72.7 cF24 Fd3m
IZI'C AlNd 84.2 0P16 Pmma
AINd2 91.5 oP12 Pnmo
BYC AINd, 94 hP8 P63Immc
(aNd) 100 hP4 P631mmc
(PNd) 100 c12 Im3m

A1 Welght P e r c e n t N e o d y m i u m

AI-Ni P. Nash, M.F. Singleton, and J.L. Murray, 1991

Atornlc P e r c e n t Nickel
Composition, Pearson Space
1 7 0 0 L - - J '
20 30 40 50
.--ir'+
60 70 80 90 100
Phase wt% Ni symbol group

cF4 ~m3m
0P16 Pnmo
hP5 ~?;ml
cP2 pm%m
... Cmmm
cP4 Pm3m
cF4 Fm3m

Al W e ~ g h t P e r c e n t Nickel NI

A.J. McAlister, 1984

Atomlc Percent Lead
I0 20 30 1OMMBOlW
Composition, Pearson Space
lsMl Phase wt% Pb symbol group

0 cF4 Fm3m
99.7 to 100 cF4 Fmm

1W
m*
ZW
0 LO 20 30 10 50 M 70 M 90 1M
Al W e ~ g h tP e r c e n t Lead Pb
2*50/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

AI-Pd A.J. McAlister, 1986

Atonilc Percent Palladlurn
Composition, Pearson Space
+-...+.-. 20 ' , 30' ' , ' 50: 80
0 10 40 60 70 90100
1 7 0 0T--j.- L 8 1 t ! 8 1 1
Phase wt% Pd symbol group

('41) 0 cF4 Fmb

1500 ...
...
P3ml
1300 PmTm
U R3
0
2 P2i3
d
m 1100 Pbam
a
GI Pnm
E Pbmn
900 Fm3m
(a) Hexagonal. (b) Orthorhombic

700

500 ------T-
30 10 50 60 70 80 90 100
Al Welghl P e r c e n t Palladium Pd

AI-Pr K.A. Cschneidner, Jr. and F.W. Calderwood, 1989

Atornrc P ~ r c e n tPraseodyrnlum
30 Composition, Pearson Space
0 10 20 10
-.'50 .-fJ...
GO 70 80
L..
'
100
t Phase wt% Pr symbol group

(‘41) 0 to -0.5 cF4 Fmm

aAlIlPr3 58.7 0128 Immm
PA111Pr3 58.7 Ill0 I4/mmm
AI~PI 64 hP8 P63I~mc
A12Pr 72.3 cF24 Fd3m
aAlPr 83.9 oPl6 Pmma
PALPr 83.9 oC16 CmcZ or Cmcm
AlPr, 91.3 of12 Pnm
aA1Pr3 94 hP8 P63lmmc
PAW 94 cp4 Pmm
(ah) 100 h ~ 4 P631mmc
(PW 100 cI2 Im3m

A1 Welght P e r c e n t Praseodymium Pr

AI-Pt A.J. McAlister and D.I. Kahan, 1986

Atornlc P e r c e n t P l a t l n u m
iooo] , , , , I? 3, 20 ,
Phme
Composition,
wt% pt
Pearson
S ~ ~ O I
SPW
group

(Al) 0 cF4 Fm3m

A1zlPt~ 63.2 c** ...
Alz1Pts 72.8 I1116 14,a
AIZPt 76.9 to 78.5 cFl2 Fmm
Al3Ptz 82.8 hP P3m 1
AlPt 87.9 cPX p213
P -89 to -90 cP2 Pm3m
AI3Pt5 -92.0 to -92.5 of16 Pbam
AIRz -93 to -94 of12 Pnma
AIPt2(LT) -93 to -94 of24 Pmm
AIR3 -93.7 to -96.18 cP4 Prn%
AIPt3(LT) -95.3 to -96.25 tPlh P4lmbm
(Pt) -97.4 to 100 cF4 F ~ T ~
Metastable phases

A1 Welght P e r c e n t P l a t l n u m
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams/2.51

AI-S R.C. Sharma and Y.A. Chang, 1991

A t o r n ~ cP e r r e n t Sulfur
0 Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% s symbol group

(All 0 cF4 ~m?m

aAI& 64 hP30 ...
PAM&+) 64 (b) P63mc
~A12S3 63 to 64 hRlO R3c
AIzSdc) 64 (d) 1411amd
AIzSde) 64 (f) Fdm
(as) 100 oF128 Fddd
(PS) 100 mP* P2 1/c
(a) Stable in the presence of AI&3 between IOOO and 1100 T. (b) Hexagonal. (c) High pressure, formed
at 2 to 65 kbar and I000 to 1200 "C. (d) Tetragonal. (e) High pressure, formed at 40 kbar and 4W "C. (f)
Cubic

-------T---T---T~-~---F
30 40 50 60 70 80
..*------+
90 100
W e ~ g h tP p r c e n t S u l f u r 7

AI-Sb A.J. McAlister, 1984

A t o m ~ cP e r c e n t A n t l m o n y
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Sb symbol group

(Al) 0 cF4 Fm?m

AlSb 81.9 cF8 ~43m
(Sb) 100 hR2 R3m
High-pressure phase
AISb(a) 81.9 t14 1411amd
(a) At 120 kbar

550
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1W
Al W e ~ g h tP e r c e n t A n t i m o n y Sb

J.M. Howe, 1989

Atomic Percent S ~ l e n ~ u r n
10 LO 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1 Composition, Pear son Space
Phase wt% Se symbol group

A1 W e ~ g h tP e r c e n t S e l e n ~ u m
2*52/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

J.L. Murray and A.J. McAlister, 1984

Atornlc Percent Sllicon
0 10 20 30 40 50 BO 70 60 90 Composition, Pearson Space
1500 Phase wt% Si symbol group

('41) 0 to 1.6 cF'4 Fmgm

(Si) 99.985 to 100 cF'8 F ~ S ~

A1 Weight Percent S ~ l ~ c o n Si

A.J. McAlister and D.J. Kahan, 1983

A t o r n ~ cPercent Tin
0 5 I0 20 30 40 50 80 70 80 1W Composition, Pearson Space
700 Phase wt% Sn symbol group

('41) 0 cF4 Fmgm

($sn) 100 t14 14l/amd
(aW 100 cfi 8 ~dSm
Metastable phase

100 .. . - .7-7.
L.., ,, p T7-
0 10
20 30 40 70 80 90 50 €0 I00
A1 Weight Percent Tin Sn

AI-Sr C.B. Alcock and V.P. Itkin, 1989

Atorn~c Percent Strontium
o 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 60 so l o o Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Sr symbol group

(Al) o CF'~ ~mSm

A14Sr 45 tll0 14/mmm
A12Sr 61.9 0112 lmma
A1,Sr8 78.8 cP60 P213
(PSI) 100 cl2 ImSm
(asr) 100 cfi-4 Fmgm

0 10 20 30 40 50 BO 70 80 90 100
A1 We~ghtPercent Strontium Sr
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams/2*53

AI-Ta U.R. Kattner, unpublished

Atornlc P e r c e n t Alumlnum
0 30 40 50 80 70 80 90 95 98 100 Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Al symbol group

(Ta) 0 to 0.6 c12 lmTm

Ta2A1 4 to 9 tP30 P42Imnm
TaAl 12.3 ... ...
TaA12 22 c, h , o r o ...
TaAl, 32 I18 Mlmmm
(A]) 100 cF4 F ~ J ~
Note: Different unit cells are proposed for TaAI2.

Ta W e ~ g h tP e r c e n t A l u m m u m Al

AI-Te N. Prabhu and J.M. Howe, 1990

Alurnic P e r c e n t l'ellurlurn
0 I0 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 100 Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wl% Te svmhol erouo

(All 0 cF4 Fm3m

AI2Te, 88 hP4 P63/mc
(Te) 100 hP3 P3121

(W-:
7 - P
0 10 20 30 40 50 80 70 80 90 100
Al Weight Percent Tellurium l'e

M.E. Kassner and D.E. Peterson, 1989

ALumlc P e r c e n t Alumlnum
0 20 40 50 60 70 80 90
Composition, Pearson Space
~ t AI
% symbol group

0 to 0.10 cF4 ~m3m

0 c12 Im3m
5.5 t112 I4Imcm
7 rPl0 P4lmbm
10.4 oC8 Cmcm
15.6 to 16.2 (a) ...
15 (a) ...
16.9 (a) ...
18.9 hP3 P6lmmm
26 hP8 P63/mmc
29.0 oPl8 Pbam
100 cF4 Fm3m
(a) Tetragonal. (b) Considered same as ThAI,

810.462.C
600- 3

00 *.I
0
*.- 10 20 30 40
qy,-
50 - 4 0
Th We~ghtPercent Alumlnum A1
2054/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

J.L. Murray, 1987

Atomlr P e r c e n t Alurnlnum -

0 10 20 30 10 50 60 70 80 90 Composition, Pearson Space

Phase wt% Al symbol group

(PTi) o to 33.8 ~12 Im3m

(aTi) 0 to 32 hP2 P63lmmc
Ti3A1 14 to 26 hP8 P631mmc
TiAl 34 to 56.2 tP4 P4lmmm
Ti3Al,(a) 44 to 49 tP32 I4/mbm
TiA12 51 to 54 t124 I4llamd
aTiA12(b) ... oCL2 Cmmm
6 57 to 59.8 (c) ...
TiA13 63 tlX I4/mmm
aTiA12 63 (d) ...
(‘41) 98.8 to 100 cF4 F ~ T ~
(a) Not an equilibrium phase. (b) Not shown on the assessed d~agram.(c) Long-period superlattice
structures. (d) Tetragonal: a superstructure of the DOz2 lattice

Ti Weight P e r c e n t A l u m ~ n u r n Al

AI-U M.E. Kassner, M.C. Adamson, P.H. Adler, and D.E. Peterson,
Atomic P e r c e n t A l u m i n u m 1990
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Al svmbol eroun

ImTm
Piin2
Cmcm
...
FdTm
Pm3m
...
12ma or Imma
Imma
Imma
...
Fmm
(a) Cubic. (b) Considered same as U0.9Alq(~).
(c) Unknown

U W e ~ g h tP e r c e n t A l u m ~ n u m

AI-V J.L. Murray, 1989

A t o r n ~ cP e r c e n t Vanadlum
0 10 20 30 40 50 80 70 80 90 Composition, Pearson Space
2000 Phase wt% V symbol group
- -
Fmm
Fd3m
C2lm
P63lmmc
I4lmmm
145m
lm3m
Pmm

Note: The structure of AlZ3V4is related to that of Co2Als cnntains nearly regular icosahedra as
structural elements. (a) Unknown

A1 Welght P e r c e n t V a n a d ~ u r n V
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagramsl2.55

AI-W From [Metals]

Atornlc P e r c e n t T u n e s t e n
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% W symbol group

(All 0 cF4 Fmm

Y -37 c126 Im3
6 -58 to 60 hP12 p63
E -62 to 66 mC30 Cm
(W) 100 c12 Im7m

0 10 20 30 10 50 60 70 80 90 LOO
Al Welght P e r c e n t T u n g s t e n W

AI-Y K.A. Gschneidner, Jr. and F.W. Calderwood, 1989

Atornlc P e r c e n t Y t t n u m
Composition, Pearson
Phase wt% Y symbol

cF4 ~m3m
hP8 P6glmmc
hR12 R7m
cF24 ~d3m
oC8 Cmcm
tP20 P42/mnm
of12 Pnma
cP4 Pm3m
hP2 P63/mmc
c12 lm3m

K.A. Gschneidner, Jr. and F.W. Calderwood, 1989

Atomlc P e r c e n t Y t t e r b l u m
0 LO 20 30 40 50 80 7080 100
Composition, Pearson Space
I600 Phase wt% Yb symbol group

(Al) 0 cF4 Fmj m

A13Yb 68 cP4 Pm3m
A12Yb 76.2 cF24 Fd3m
WYb) 99.6 to 100 c12 Im3m
(BYb) 99.9 to 100 cF4 FmTm

A1 Welght P e r c e n t Ytterbium Yb

~- -
2*56/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Al-Zn J.L. Murray, 1983

Atomlc Percent Z ~ n c
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Zn symbol group

('41) 0 to 83.1 cF4 Fmm

(Zn) 98.8 to 100 hP2 P63Immc
Metastable phases
(a'Al), 78 to -85 .. R3m
"R (a) .. ...
Y ... .. ...
,,,,,, (a) Coherent precipitate

A1 Weight Percent Zlnc Zn

Al-Zr J.Murray, A. Peruzzi, and J.P. Abriata, 1992

Atomic Percent Aluminum
o 10 20 30 40 50 so 70 Composition, Pearson Space
2000 Phase wt% Al symbol group

P63lmmc
Im3m
Pmm
P631mmc
I4lmcm
P42Immm
p6
P63lmcm
Cmcm
Fdcn
P63lmmc
I41m-m
Fm3m

We~ght Percent Alumlnum

As-Au H. Okamoto and T.B. Massalski, 1987

Atomic Percent Gold
5 10 Composition, Pearson Space
Phase w i % Au symbol group

(As) 0 hR 2 RS"
(Au) 100 cF4 Fm3m

As Weight Percent Gold Au

 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams/2.57

As-Bi C.A. Ceach and R.A. Jettery, 1953

A t o r n l c Percent Arsenlc
Composition, Pearson Space
Phrse wt% As symbol group

817.C (Bi) 0 to -0.2 hR2 Rzm

(As) -100 hR 2 R3m

Bi Welght Percent Arsenic As

As-Cd H. Okarnoto, 1992

Atomic P e r c e n t Cadmiurn
SO 60 70 60 g
y Composition, Pearson Space
-r.--c--.r--- Phaw wt% Cd symbol
group

800 0 hR 2 R3m
As2Cd 42.8 t112 14122

High-pressure phases
As2CdII
AS2CdIII(a) ...
AsCd Pbca
AszCddb)
As2Cd311(c)
Pmmn
...

& ,

0
Metastable phase
As W e ~ g h tP e r c e n t C a d m ~ u m Cd
AslCd 27 t*20

t1160 141/acd
t1160 14,a
t1160 Iacd
( a ) >46 kbw. ( b ) 55 kbw. ( c ) 30 kbar (d) Also might be PAs2Cd3. ( e ) Vapor deposition. (f) Synthesis at
675 "C
2*58/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

As-Co K. lshida and T. Nishizawa, 1990

Atomlc Percent Arsenic
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% As symbol group

(aCo) 0 to -3.2 cf74 Fm3m

(ECO) 0 to -3 hP2 P63lrnmc
CoSAsz 33.7 hP42 P63cm
PCozAs(a) 38.8 to 39.2 hP9 P62m
aCo2As(a) 38.8 .. ...
Co3As2 46 ?
.............................................. PCoAs 55.9 hP4 P63/mmc
aCoAs 55.9 oP8 Pna2 1
PCoAsz 71.8 oP6 Pnnm
aCoAs2 71.8 mP12 p21/c
CoAs3 7 9 to 79.2 el32 1 ~ 3
61r-c S.P. (AS) -100 hR2 R3m
(a) aCo2As (low-temperature form) transforms into i3CoZAs(high-temperature form) at 452 OC

Co W e ~ g h t Percent Arsenic As

As-Cu P.R. Subramanian and D.E. Laughlin, 1988

A t o m ~ cPercent Arsenic
Composition, Pearson Space
wt% AS symbol group

0 to -7.96 C F ~ ~~3~
12.8 to 16.4 hP2 P63lmmc
28.2 to 31.2 W8 P63lmmc
28.8 to 31.2 hP24 p?cl
32.1 to 33.1 cF16 Fmsm
32.1 to 33.1 012 8 lbam
100 hR2 R3m

-37.1 tP6 P4lnmm

-61.12 0128 Immm
100-

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 80 70 80 90 100
Cu We~ght Percent Arsenic As

As-Fe H. Okamoto, 1992

Atomic Percent lron
Composition, Pearson Space
wt% Fe symbol group

0 to 0.05 hR2 R3m

27.1 oP6 Pnnm
42.7 oP8 Pnma
50 to 55 ... ...
59.9 tP6 P4lnmm
88 to 100 c12 ImTm
98.7 to 100 cF4 Fm3m
High-pressure phase
64.2 hR17 R3

As Weight Percent Iron Fe

 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams/2.59

H. Okamoto, 1990
Composition, Pearson Space
Phaso w t % As symbol group

(Ga) 0 oC8 Cmca

GaAs 51.8 cF8 ~33rn
(As) 100 hR2 R3m

As-Ge H. Okamoto, 1991

Atomic Percent Arsenlc Composition, Pearson Space
1000 Phase w t k As symbol group

(Ge) 0 to 0.19 cF8 ~mJm

GeAs 50.8 mC24 C2lm
GeAs(a) 50.8 t14 14mm
GeAsl 67.4 oP24 P@m
(As) 88 to 100 hR2 R3m

(a) High-pressure phase

As-In H. Okamoto, 1992

Atornlc Percent Arsenlc Composition, Pearson Space
1100 o
0
it -+
10
- 20 30 40 50 00 70 80 QO 100
Phase
wt% As symbol group

High-pressure phases
InAs II(a) 39.5
S.P. InAs III(b) 39.5
(a) Between 7 and 15 GPa. (b) Above 17 GPa (hysteresis between 15 and 17 GPa)
2*60/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

F.W. Dorn, W. Klemm, and S. Lohmeyer, 1961

Atomlc Percent Arsenic
900 Composition, Pearson
Phase w1% As symbol Space
group
800
(K) -0 c12 Im3m
K3As 39 hP8 P63lmmc
&As4 60.5 ... ...
KAs 65.7 oP16 p212121
PKAsz 79.3

As-Mn
H. Okamoto, 1989
Composition, Space
Phase wt% Mn Pearson
symbol group
(As) o hR2 R3m
yAsMn 42.3 hP4 P631mmc
PAsMn 42.3 oP8 Pnma
aAsMn 42.3 hP4 P63lmmc
As3Mn4 49.4 tl* ...
PAszMn3 52 ...
aAszMn, 52 ...
AsMnz 59.5 P4lnmm
AsMn3 69 Pmmn
@Mn) 100 Im3m
(Wn) 100 Fm3m
(PMn) - 93 to loo P'1132
(aMn) loo 143m
High-pressure phase
AsMnz 59.5
(a) Distorted cubic

K.A. Gschneidner, Jr. and F.W. Calderwood, 1986

Atomlc Percent Arsenlc
2400
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% AS symbol group

(aNd) 0 hP4 P63lmmc

(PW 0 c12 Im3m
Nd3As 15 ...
N~AS 34.2 (a) FmTm
NdAsz 51.0 mPl?
cF8 P ~ c
(As) 100 hR2 R3m
(a) Structure not known
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagramsl2.61

As-Ni M. Singleton and P. Nash, 1991

Composition, Pearson Space
a % As symbol group

0 to 6.30 cF4 ~m3m

33.27 to 33.99 hP42 Pb3cm
48.1 tP76 P41212
56.1 to 57.4 hP4 P631mmc
71.86(a) oP24 Pbco
71.86 oP6 Pnnm
(a) Up to 600 OC

0 10 20 30
NI W e ~ g h tP e r c e n t Arsenic

I. Karakaya and W.T. Thompson, 1991

Atomic Percent Phosphorus Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wts P symbol group

(As) 0 to 8.9 hR2 RSm

ASP -21.5 ... ...
P (black) 100 oC8(a) Cmco
P (white) 4 3 to 100 (b) ...
P (red) 100 (c) ...
(a) At highpressures, mansforms to a rhombohedra1 suucture. (b) Cublc at 35 T.(c) Cubic wlth 66 atoms
per unit cell

4s Welght P e r c e n t P h o s p h o r u s P

As-Pb N.A. Gokcen, 1990

Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% ~h symbol group

(As) 0 hR2 R@
(Pb) 100 cF4 Fm3m

, o O * . . .. . - , . - - . . - , . - -
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
As W e ~ g h t P e r c e n t I.rad I' h
2.62/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

H. Okamoto, 1992
Atomlc Percent Palladium
1600 Composition. Penrson Space
Phase w t b Pb symbol group

(As) 0 hR2 R3m

As2Pd 41.5 cP12 pa3
PAsPd2 74.0 hP9 P62m
aAsPd, 74.0 mP54 P2/m
As2Pd5 78.0 hP* ...
As2Pd5 78.0 hP84 P"j1
As2Pd5 78.0 hP* P6322
As2Pd5 78.0 hP* P3m 1
As3Pd8 79.1 hP33 P3
AsPd, 81 tI32 IT
AsPd5 87.6 mC24
(Pd) 100 cF4 (2
Fm3m
Metastable phase
AsPd5 87.6 cI2 Im3m
Questionable phases
aAsPd, 74.0 oC24 C m ~ 2 ~
aAsPd2 74.0 hP * ...
As2Pd5 78.0 o* * ...
As Welght Percent Palladium Pd AsPd, 90.9 ...

H. Okamoto, 1990
Atomic Percent S u l f u r
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wtW S symbol group

(ah) 0 hR2 R3m

1/As4s3 24.3 ... ...
PA& 24.3 I** ...
aAs& 24.3 oP28 Pnma
PASS 30.0 mP32 P211n
aAsS 30.0 mP32 P21Ic
As2S3 39 mP20 p21/c
(s) 100 oF128 Fddd
B.P.

As Weight Percent Sulfur S

As-Sb H. Okamoto, 1990

Atornlc Percent Arsenlc
Composition, Pearson Space
850
Phase wt% As symbol group

(Sb,As) 0 to 100 hR2 RFm

senic As
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams12063

As-Se H. Okamoto, 1990

A t o r n ~ c P e r c e n t Selenlurn
60 70 80 90 100 Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Se symbol group

(As) 0 hR2 ~3rn

PAS.& 44.2 mC112 CZIC
aAs4Se3 44.2 0P28 Pnma
AsSe 51.3 mP32 P21lc
As2Se3 61 mP20 P211c
100 hP 3 P3121

,:f

kj
.a
B
, , , , , , , ;
a *

- . , , . , . . . . . . . . . . , . , , , , . , . . , . . , . , .
50 81 70 80 90 100
w, h t Percent S e l e n ~ u m Se

As-Si R. W. Olesinski and G.J. Abbaschian, 1985

Atomic Percent A r s e n ~ c
Composition, Pearson Space
phase wt% AS symbol group

0 to 8.8 cF8 Fdsm

72.7 o** ...
84.2 OP* Pbam
84.2 cP12 pa%
- 100 hR2 R3m
(a) High-pressure phase

7.C

10 20 30 40 M BO 70 80 90 I
I Weight Percent Arsenic

As-Sn N.A. Gokcen, 1990

Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Sn symbol group

(As) 0 to -21.9 hR2 R3m

AsSn 61.3 cF8 F ~ J ~
As,Sn, 67.87 to 70? hR7 R3m
(pSn)(a) 99.9 to 100 t14 1411amd
(aSn)(b) 100 cF8 Fmjm
(a) White tin. stable above 13 OC (b) Grey tin. stable below 13 OC

As W e ~ g h t P e r c e n t Tln Sn

----__^ ^__--.. ..... "-. ^ .. _ " - _ _ _ . ., .

2*64/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

As-Te H. Okamoto, 1990

Atomic Percent Tellurium
Composition, Pearson Space
Phpse wt% Te symbol ~ O U P

As Weight Percent Tellurium Te

As-TI R.C. Sharma and Y.A. Chang, unpublished

Atomic Percent Arsenic
Composition, Pearson Space
Phme wt% As symbol FOUP

(aT1) 0 hP2 P63/mm~

(PTU 0 ,212 ~mTm
(As) loo h ~ 2 R T ~

100

TI Weight Percent Arsenic As

H. Okamoto, 1990
Atomic Percent Arsenic
Composition, Pear son Space
0
1
10
. . .. . . . .20', 30
. . . . . '. ,
40
.' . . 50
. . . . . ,' . . . . . , . ,
80
.' Phme wt% AS symbol group

Yb We~ght Percent Arsenic

 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams/2.65

As-Zn H. Okamoto, 1992

Atornlc P e r c e n t Z i n c Composition, Pearson Space
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Phase wt% Zn symbol group

High-pressure phases
AsZn oP16 Pbca
As2Zn311(a) cF* ...
AszZn,II' oP* Pmmn
AszZn3111
AszZndb)
Other phases
AszZn
AszZn3

( a ) A t 55 kbar. (b) A t 70 kbar

As Weight P e r c e n t Zlnc

Au-Be H. Okamoto and T.B. Massalski, 1987

Atomic Percent B e r y l l ~ u m
Composition, Pearson Space
Phme wt% Be symbol group

I.'
L

........ Ponibla (calculated)

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Au W e ~ g h tP e r c e n t Beryllium Be

Au-Bi H. Okamoto, 1990

A t o m ~ cP e r c e n t Blsrnuth
0 10 20 30 40 50 80 70 80 90 100
Composition, Pearson Space
, , - , Phase wt% Bi symbol group

(Au) 0 cF4 ~~3~

AulBi 34.6 cF24 Fd3m
(Bi) 100 hR2 RTm
Metastable phases
n 76 to 81 cP 1 Pm3m
K' 61 hR 1 R S ~
Microcrystalline 46 to 7 1 -200 rr'-like unit ...
cells
(AuBi)? 56 Complex ...

(Bi)
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 80 100
Au Weight P e r c e n t Blsrnuth BI
2066/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Au-Ca H. Okamoto, T.B. Massalski, C.B. Alcock, and V.P. Itkin, 1987
Atomlr P e r c e n t Calclum
0 1020 30 10 50 60 70
Composition, Pearson Space
IlOO Phaw wt% Ca symbol group

(Au) ~m?m
AuSCa F43m
Au9Ca2 ...
Au&a ...
Au,Caz ...
Au3Ca ...
PAuzCa ...
aAu2Ca ...
AuCa Cmcm
PAugCa10 ...
aAu9Calo ...
Au3Ca4 ...
AuCaz ...
(Wa) Im3m
(aW Fm3m
(a) Same as Au3Ca? (b) Not cubic. ( c ) Same as AuCa?

0 10 20 30 40 50 80 70 80 90 100

Au W e ~ g h t P e r c e n t Calcium Ca

Au-Cd H. Okamoto and T.B. Massalski, 1987

Atomlc Percent C a d m i u m
Composition, Pearson Space
1200 Phaw wt% Cd symbol group

0 to 21.6 cfi'4 Fmm

-16 ... Pm3m
~ong~erio
superstructures
d
AuXd 15
P631mmc
...
R3m
...
P6glmmc
P631mcm
...
Pmm
Pmma
...
I43m
I43m
...
I4lmcm
...
Au Welght P e r c e n t C a d m l u m Cd ...
...
...
P63/mmc
Note: d = dimensional. (a) Hexagonal. (b) Rhombohedral. (c) Not shown in the assessed diagram. (d) bct
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams/2*67

Au-Ce K.A. Gschneidner, Jr., F.W. Calderwood, H. Okamoto, and

A t o r n ~ c Percent G o l d T.B. Massalski, 1987
1500
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wl% Au symbol UP
1
I
~m?m
P63/mmc
~mSm
Im3m
Pnma
Pnma
Cmcm
Imma
P6/m
C/&
Fm3m

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1W
Ce Weight Percent Gold Au

Au-Co H. Okarnoto, T.B. Massalski, M. Hasebe, and T. Nishizawa, 1987

A t o r n ~ cPercent Cobalt Pearson Space
Composition,
Phase wtk Co symbol group

(Au) 0 to 8 cF4 Fmm

(ace) 92.1 to 100 cF4 Fm3m
(ECo) ? to 100 hP 2 P63lmmc

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 IW
Au W e ~ g h t Percent Cobalt Co

Au -Cr H. Okamoto and T.B. Massalski, 1987

-
Composition, Pearson Space
Phsse wt% C r symbol group

(Au) 0 to -19 cF4 Fmm

a' 2 to 8 dl0 14/m
(Cr) -90 to 100 ~12 1m3m
2068/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Au-Cu H. Okamoto, D.J. Chakrabarti, D.E. Laughlin, and

A t o r n l c Percent Coouer T.B. Massalski, 1987
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Cu symbol group

(Au,Cu) 0 to 100 cF4 Fmzm

Au3Cu 3 to 16.8 cP4 Pm3m
AuCu(1) 19 to 30 tP4 P4lmmm
AuCu(I1) 16.8 to 35 0140 Imma
AuCu3(I) 40 to 58 cP4 Pm3m
AuCu3(II) 39 to ? tP28 P2mm

Au Weight Percent Copper Cu

Au-Dy K.A. Gschneidner, jr., F.W. Calderwood, H. Okamoto, and

Atomic Percent Gold T.B. Massalski, 1987
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
I600 7 \
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Au symbol group

(~DY) 0 hP2 P6glmmc

(~'DY) 0 (a) ...
(PDY) 0 cI2 ImL
DYZAU 37.7 oP12 Pnma
aDyAu 55 oC8 Cmcm
PDYAu 56 cP2 Pm3m
Dy.4~2 70.8 t16 I4lmmm
Dy.4~3 78 oP8 Pmmn
DYIIAU~I -8 1.6 hP65 P6lm
D~Au6 87.9 tP56 P4d!cm
(Au) 98.1 to 100 cF4 Fm3m
(a) Orthorhombic distortion, T S 86 K

We~ght Percent Gold Au

AU-Eu H. Okamoto, 1990

Atomic Percent Europium
Composition, Pearson Space
1200
Phme wt% Eu symbol group

(Au) 0 cF4 ~m?m

Au5Eu 13.4 hP6 P6lmmm
AudEu 16 ... ...
Au2Eu 27.8 0112 Imma
PAuEu 43.6 ... ...
aAuEu 43.6 oP8 Pnma
Au2Eu3 54 hR45 R3
Au3Eu7 64 hP20 P63/mc
AuEu3 70 oPl6 Pn-ma
(Eu) 100 cI2 Im3m
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagramsl2.69

Au-Fe H. Okamoto, T.B. Massalski, 1.1. Swartzendruber, and

~ t o m l cP e r c e n t ~ r o n P.A. Beck, 1987
20 30 10 50 60 70 80 85 90 95 100
Composition, Pearson Space
wt% Fe symbol group

0 to 45 cF4 Fmzm
77 to 100 cF4 Fm3m
96 to 100 el2 Im3m
93 to 100 c12 Im3m
Metastable phases
19 to 7 2 ... ...
30 to 32 ... ...
32 to 53 ... ...
(a) Found in thin films deposited at liquid nitrogen temperature or below. (b) Formed by crystallization
on heating amorphous phase

Au Welght P e r c e n t I r o n Fe

Au-Ga T.B. Massalski and H. Okamoto, 1987

Atomlc Percent Galhum Composition, Pearson Space
0 10 20 30 40 50 80 70 80 90 100
Phase wt% Ga symbol group

(Au) 0 to 4.8 cF4 ~~3~

a' 4.9 to 5.5 hP16 P63/mmc
P 8.3 to 9.1 (a) ...
P' 8.7 to 10.5 (b) ...
Y 13.1 to 14 (b) ...
1/ 13.1 to 14 (b) ...
AuGa 26.1 oP8 Pnrna
AuGaz 41.5 cF12 Fmf m
(Ga) 100 oC8 Cmca
(a) Hexagonal. (b) Orthorhomhic

0 I0 20 30 40 50 80 70 80 80 100
Au W e ~ g h tP e r c e n t G a l l l u m Ga

Au-Ge H. Okamoto and T.B. Massalski, 1987

Atomxc Percent G e r m a n i u m
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Ge symbol group

(Au) 0 to 1 ( a ) cF4 FmTm

(Ge) 100(a) cF8 Fdm
Metastable phases
P 7 to l l ( a ) hP2 P63/mmc
Y l i to 29(a) tl* ...
(a) Approximate composition from the phase d~agram
2*70/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Au-Hg H. Okamoto and T.B. Massalski, 1989

Atomlc P e r c e n t Mercury
Composition, Penrson Space
Pha~e wt% Hg symbol group

(Au) 0 to 20.1 cF4 Fmm

16.2 to 23 hP36 P63lmmc
r 21 to 26 hP2 P631mmc
AuzHg 33.7 hf-150 ...
hP22 P63/mcm
A"6H~~ 46.0 hP22 P63/mcm
Au~Hgs 62.0 cI5 2 142111
(Hg) 100 hR I R3m

Au Weight P e r c e n t Mercury

Au-in H. Okamoto and T.B. Massalski, 1992

Atornlc P e r r e n t lndlurn
0 20 30 40 50 Composition, Pearson Space
LO
~ -GO - + - + - 1
70GO
-810 Phw wt% In symbol group

(Au) 0 to 7.8 cF4 Fm%n

a1 7.4 to 8.9 hP16 P63lmmc
hP4 P63/mmc
6 8 to 14.8 hP2 P63lmmc
P 13.8 to 14.3 (a) ...
(b) ...
PI 13.9 to 14.5 hP26 P3
(a) ...
E 15.9 to 16.3 (b) ...
E' 15.9 to 16.3 of8 Pmmn
Y 19.1 to 21.1 cP52 P43m
cP76 PZ3m
./ 19.8 to 20.5 hP60 P3
V 24.1 to 27.6 hP5 P3ml
50.834.C
37 to 36.9 (c) ...
AuIn, 53.9 cF12 Fmm
(In) 100 tI2 I41mmm
(a) Hexagonal. (b) Orthorhombic. (c) Triclinic
Au Weight P e r c e n t i n d i u m in

A.D. Pelton, 1987

Atomic P e r c e n t Potasslum
0 20 30 10 50 80 70 80 PO 100 Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% K symbol group

(Au) 0 cF4 Fmm

Au5K 3.8 hP6 P6lmmm
AuzK 9.0 ... ...
AUK 16.6 ... ...
AUK, 28.5 ... ...
(K) 100 c12 1m5m
Note: At 25 "C
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrarns/2.71

Au-La K.A. Cschneidner, Jr., F.W. Calderwood, H. Okamoto, and

Atomlc P e r c ~ n tGold T.B. Massalski, 1987
0 LO 20 30 40 50 70 80 90 tW
1 ' , 8 t - . M)

Composition, Pearson Space

Phase wt% A u symbol group

(aLa) 0 hP4 P63lmmc

@La) 0 cF4 Fm%
Wa) 0 c12 lm3m
La2Au 41.5 oP12 Pnma
aLaAu 59 oP8 Pnma
PLaAu 59 oC8 Cmcm
LaAu2 74.0 011 2 Imma
La14Aus1 -81 to -83.8 hP65 P6/m
LaAu, 89.5 mC28 C2/c
(Ad 100 cF4 Fm%

Au-Li A.D. Pelton, 1987

Atomlc Percent L ~ t h ~ u r n
0 50 70 80 90 95
Composition, Pearson Space
1200 wt% L i symbol group

(aAu) 0 to 0.7 cF4

(a~Au) 0.7 t o 1 cP4
(a2Au) 2 t o 2.3 (b)
Au,Li4 2.7 (c)
P'2 3 to 4 oP2
P'I 4 to4.1 1P2?(b)
P' 4.1 to 4.3 cP2
82(HT) 5.6 to 6.3 hP9
600
~KLT, 5.6 to 6.3 (4
AuLi3 10 cF16
Au4Li15 12 cI76
100
(PWW 100 C I ~
100 hP2

200 (a) At 25 ' C . (b) Complex. (c) Hexagonal. (d) Strntlar to ?j2.(e) T less than -201 "C

0
0 1 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 QO 100
Au Wetght Percent L~thlurn L1

A.A. Nayeb-Hashemi and J.B. Clark, 1988

Composition, Pearson Space
wt% AU symbol group

(Mg) 0 to 0.8
Mg3Au 73
Mg~Auz 76.42 ...
Mg2Au 80.20 Pnam or Pna2 1
(MgAu) 89.5 Pmm
Mg26Au74 96 Cm2m
Mg24Au76 96.3 Cmcm
Mg23Au11 96.6 P6glmcm
Mg22Au18 96.64 I4/mmm
Mg4Au15 96.81 B2/m
MgAu4 97
(Au) 100
(a) Structure reportedly 1s related to that of the "X-phase."

Mg Wetght Percent Gold Au

-- - ---- --." *.- -- - - -

2*72/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Au-Mn T.B. Massalski and H. Okamoto, 1987

Atomic P e r c e n t Manganese
0 10 70 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Composition, Pearson Space
I400y-+--7--+4---r"----7------r"----,--- Phase wt% Mn symbol group

Oto 11 ~m3m
5 to 6 14lm
7.07 P21lb
7.07 ...
7.0 to 7.2 Pnnm
7.49 ...
... ...
7.49 ...
5.52 ...
7.55 ...
7.57 ...
7.59 ...
7.63 ...
7.50 ...
-8 Pnnm
7.2 to 10 ...
... ...
... ...
... I4lmmm
... ...
... ...
9 ...
9.21 ...
-9.2 ...
Au-rich region of the Au-Mn phase diagram -9.2 ...
Atomic P e r c e n t Manganese -9.2 ...
70 30 -9.2 ...
-.. .....,.........,... . . . ........ - . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. -9.2 ...
10.04 C2lm
12.24 I4Im-m
12.3 to 38.5 Pm3m
16 to 29 ...
19 to 22 ...
22 to 25 ...
23 ...
36 I4/m_mm
100 Im3m
46 to 100 Fm3m
100 P4132
100 Iz3m
67 to 100 ...
60.5 to 75.3 ...
73.4 ...
Note: 2d = two dimensional. APS = antiphase structure. (a) Monoclinic. (b) Orthorhombic. (c) Square
island. (d) Lozenge island. (e) Thin film. (0 Metastable. (g) Teuagonal

Welght P e r c e n t Manganese

Au-Na A.D. Pelton, 1987

A t o m ~ cP e r c e n t S o d l u m
0 30 50 60 70 80 90 85 100 Composition, Pearson Space
' l " ' ' ,' , I , Phase wt% Na symbol group
1~1.a'd

(a) Existence requires verification; T = 775 "C. (b) Complex structure. (c) T is less than -237 "C.

0 10 20 30 10 50 60 70 00 80 100
Au Weight P e r c e n t S o d i u m Na
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams/2*73

Au-Nb H. Okamoto and T.B. Massalski, 1987

Au W e ~ g h t Percent N ~ o b i u m

Au-Ni H. Okamoto and T.B. Massalski, 1991

Atomlc Percent N ~ c k e i
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase w i % Ni symbol group

0 10 20 30 40 50 80 70 80 90 1W
Au Welght Percent Nickel Ni

Au-Pb H. Okamoto and T.B. Massalski, 1987

A t o m ~ cPercent Lead
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase w i % ~b symbol group
2*74/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Au-Pd H. Okamoto and T.B. Massalski, 1987

A t o r n ~ cPercent P a l l a d u r n
0 10 ZU 30 10 .XI 80 70 80 90 Composition, Pearson Space
1 6 0 0 Phase ~ w t ~ b~d symbol group

(Au,Pd) 0 to 100 cF4 Fmm

Au,Pd 7 to 20 cP4 Prnm
AuPd ? (a) ...
AuPd, 53 to 83 cP4('?) Pm3m
(a) Long period?

Au Weight Percent P a l l a d i u m Pd

Au-Pr K.A. Cschneidner, Jr., F.W. Calderwood, H. Okamoto, and

A t o m ~ c Percent Gold T.B. Massalski, 1987
50 60 70 80 90 --

A
-
- Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Au symbol group

(aW o to ~ 0 . 1 7 w4 ~6~1mmc
(PPr) 0 to 2.17 c12 lm3m
Pr2Au 41.1 oP12 Pnm
aPrAu 58 oP8 Pnm
PPrAu 58 oC8 Cmcm
yPrAu 58 cP2 Pmsm
aPrAuz 73.7 0112 Imma
PPrAuz 73.7 tPlOX P4Inmm
P~I~Au~I -81 to -83.6 hP65 P6/m
PrAu6 89.3 mC2X C~/C
(Au) -99.93 to 100 cF4 Fm3m

Pr We~ght Percent Gold

Au-Pt H. Okamoto and T.B. Massalski, 1987

Atomic Percent P l a t i n u m
0 10 20 30 40 50 80 70 80 90 Composition, Pearson Space
la00
l89-c
Phase wt% Pt symbol group

(Au,Pt) 0 to 100 cF4 FmTm

Metastable phases
Au,Pt 4.9 to 39.8 ... ...
AUP~ 49.8 (a) ...
AuPt, 74.8 ... ...
(a) Tetragonal

Welght P e r c e n t P l a t i n u m
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams/2*75

H. Okamoto, T.B. Massalski, and D.E.Peterson, 1987

Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% PU symbol group

cF4 FmSm
Unknown ...
Unknown ...
(a) ...
Unknown ...
Unknown ...
Unknown ....7
Unknown ...
Unknown ...
c12 lmJm
ra3*c
463V t12 14lmmm
cF4 FmJm
320DC oF8 Fddd
mC34 C2/m
21SDC
mP16 P2dm
125OC

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Au W e ~ g h tP e r c e n t P l u t o n ~ u r n P kr

Au-Rb A.D. Pelton, 1987

A t o r n ~ cP e r c e n t R u b i d ~ u r n
3
: ,-4 60 70 80 90 Composition, Pearson Space
1064.43~~
.-+.+-.-.-. --.. phase wt% ~h symbol group

0 cF4 Fmm
8 .O hP6 P61mmm
900
17.8 ... ...
30.3 cP2 pmm
800 L 100 c12 lm3m

Au W e ~ g h t P e r c e n t Rubldlurn I? b

Au-Sb H. Okamoto and T.B. Massalski, 1987

-
Atomlc P e r c e n t Antlmony
0 10 20 30 10 50 GO 70 80 90 100
Composition, Pear son Space
wt% Sh symbol group
1 w . 4 3 ~ ~

(Au) 0 to 0.75 cF4 F ~ J ~

AuSbz 55.3 cP12 Pc3
(Sb) 100 hR2 R3m
Metastable phases
... 8 to 10 hP2 P63lmmc
... 61 to 7 6 cP 1 Pm3m

Au W e ~ g h t P e r c e n t Antlrnony Sb
2e76/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Au-Se H. Okamoto and T.B. Massalski, 1987

A t o m ~ cPercent S e l e n i u m
0 Composition, Pearson Space
I Phase wt% Se symbol wow

(Au)
- aAuSe
)
- PAuSe(a)
We)
I- (a) Metastable
-

1--

L
Au Weight Percent S e l e n i u m Se

Au-Si H. Okamoto and T.B. Massalski, 1987

A t o m i c Percent Silicon
I
Composition, Pearson Space
lea0 phase si
~ 1 % symbol group

100
0 1 0 2 Q 3 0 4 O Y ) B O 7 0 ~ 8 0 1
Au Weight Percent Silicon

Au-Sn H. Okamoto and T.B. Massalski, 1987

A t o m ~ cP e r c e n t Tin
0 10 20 30 40 50 80 70 Composition, Pearson Space
r200 wt% Sn symbol group

Fmsm
P63lmmc
P631mmc
or AuSSn R5
6 or AuSn P63/mmc
E or AuSn2 Pbca
11 or AuSn4 A ba2
(PSn) 141/amd
(aSn) Fmm
(a) Hexagonal. (b) Orthorhombic

Au Weight P e r c e n t Tin Sn
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams/2.77

Au-Sr C.B. Alcock, V.P. Itkin, H. Okamoto, and T.B. Massalski, 1987
Atornlc Percent S t r o n t ~ u m
Composition, Penrson Space
Phase wt% Sr symbol group

(Au) cF4 F ~ T ~
Au& hP6 P6lmmm
Au2Sr 011 2 Imma
a ? ...
P ? ...
Y ? ...
AuSr3 ?(a) ...
AuSry ?(b) ...
(PSI) cI2 ImJm
cF4 FmTm
(a) Complex. (b) Hexagonal

Au-Te H. Okamoto and T.B. Massalski, 1987

Atomic P e r c e n t Tellurium
Composition, Pearson Space
Phxe wt% Te symbol group

(Au) 0 t o 0.10 cF4 FmTm

AuTez (calaverite) 56.5 mC6 C2Im

+
(Te) 100 hP3 P3,21
Metastable phases and other phases
Petzite (a) 24.4 ... ...
Montbrayite(a) 49 aP60 P1
Krennerite(a) 56.5 oP24 Pmf2
(b) 48.9 to 79 cP 1 Pm3m

a J
B . (a) Natural ore. May be stable only with addltlonal impurities. (b) Splat cooled at rwm temperature.
484.C Complete decomposition in LO min at 165 "C p69.6 at.% Te). 8 min at 260 T or 10 h at I75 "C (62.5
44rc at.% Te). (c) Splat cooled at room temperature. (d) Unidentified structure. (e) Vapor deposition of Te on
.44o.erc
400- 82 Au at room temperature. (0 Amorphous

200

Au Weight P e r c e n t Tellurium Te

Au-Th H. Okamoto, T.B. Massalski, and D.E. Peterson, 1991

A t o m ~ cP e r c e n t T h o r l u m
0 10 20 30 40 50 80 70 80 80 LOO Composition, Pearson Space
I800 , , ' ~ h w wt% ~h symbol group

(Au) -0 cF4 F ~ J ~
A"~~Th~4 24.44 hP65 P6/m
Au2Th 37.08 hP3 P6lmmm
Au4Th3 46.91 hR42 R3
AuTh 54 oC8 Cmcm
A U ~ T ~ ~ 64 (a) ...
AuTh, 70.21 t112 I4/mcm
(PTh) 100 c12 1m3m
(aTh) -100 C F ~ ~m3m
(a) Cubic?

Au W e ~ g h tP e r c e n t T h o r l u m Th
2078/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Au-Ti J.L. Murray, 1987

A t o r n ~ c Percent Gold
0 5 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 100 Composition, Pearwn Space
IS00 Phase wt% AU symbol group

(aTi) 0 to 6.6 hP? P6glmmc

(PTO 0 to 42 c12 Im5m
Ti,Au 58 cP8 Pm>n
PiAu 72 t o 82 cP2 Pm3m
PTiAu 80 t o 80.4 of4 Pmma
aTiAu 80.4 tP4 P4Inmm
TiAut 89.2 t16 I4Immm
TiAu4 94 to 95 ?I10 14/m
(Au) 97 t o 100 cF4 ~m?m

700

600

500
0 LO 20 30 40 50 60 70 00 80 100
TI W e ~ g h tPercent Cold Au

Au-TI H. Okamoto and T.B. Massalski, 1987

A t o m i c Percent T h a l l i u m
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% TI symbol erou~

0 to 1.04 cF4 Fmm

100 hP2 P6jlmmc
100 cI2 ImSm

0
O M 2 0 ~ 4 0 5 0 ~ 7 0 ~ 6 V l ~
Au Weight Percent T h a l l i u m TI

Au-U H. Okamoto, 1990

Atornlc P e r c e n t Uranlurn
Composition, Pearwn Space
MOO Phase wt% U symbol group

(Au) 0 cF4 FmSm

A"~~U~4 24.9 hP65 P6/m
Au2U 37.6 hP3 P611yn
(YU) 100 c12 Im3m
(Pu) 100 tP 30 P4dmnm
(aU) 100 oC4 cmcm

Au Weight P e r c e n t U r a n i u m U
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams/2.79

AU -V J.F. Smith, 1989

A t o m ~ cPercent Gold -
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Au symbol group

(v) 0 to -66 c12 Im3m

V3Au(a) 48 to 55 cP8 PmSn
VAu2 88 to 89 oC12 (b)
VAu, 92 to 96 tll0 14/m
(Au) -71 to 100 cF4 Fm3m
(a) In the presence of small amounts of 0 or N , a second phase with the Cu3Au-type structure may co-exist
with the Cr3Si-type structure. (b) Crystal structure related to the MoSi2-type structure, but w t h a unit cell
of twice the size.

K.A. Cschneidner, Jr., F.W. Calderwood, H. Okamoto, and

T.B. Massalski, 1987
Composition, Pearson Space
Phsse wt% Au symbol group

(PYb) 0 cF4 F ~ S ~
WYb) 0 c12 Im3m
Yb7Au3 33 hP20 P63/mc
Yb2Au 36.2 oP12 Pnma
Yb5Au3 40.6 t132 I4/mcm
TbSAu4 47.6 oP36 Pnma
aYbAu 53 oP8 Pnma
PYbAu 53 cP2 Pm3m
YbAu, 69.5 t16 I4Immm
YbAu, 77 oP8 Pmmn
YbAul 82 tll0 14/m
(Au) 93.9 to 100 cF4 Fmh

Au-Zn H. Okarnoto and T.B. Massalski, 1990

Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Zn symbol group

(Au) 0 to 14 cF4 Fm?m

a3 -4 to 7.4 (a) P n n or Pnmn
at -7.9 to 11.7 (b) ...
a'2 9.0 to 9.5 (b) 1411acd
a2 -9.7 to 10.2 (a) Abam (Cmca)
Au+% 16.6 (a) ...
P' 17 to 31 cP2 PmSm
PI 24 to 26 ? ...
6 30 ? ...
Y 38 to51 c15 2 ...
Y2 50 to 51 cP3 2 Pm7m
Y3 54 to 62.7 hP * P6lmmm
E 64 to 73 hP2 P6+mc
E' 64 to 67 (c) ...
(Zn) 80.4 to 100 hP2 P6jlmmc
(a) Orthorhomb~c,antiphase domain. (b) Tehagonal, antiphase domain. (c) Orthorhomb~c,pseudocell

~~ ...
Au Wrlght P e r c e n t Zinc Zn
2*80/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Au-Zr T.B. Massalski, H. Okamoto, and J.P. Abriata, 1987

Atornlc Percent Z ~ r c o n l u m
Composition, Pearson Space
lam wt% Zr symbol group

cF4 Fm3m
oF20 Pnma
oP8 Pmmn
t16 I4lmmm
Au1&r7 27 1134 ?
Au4Zr5 36.7 ... ...
AuZrz 48.1 t16 I4/mmm
AuZr3 58 cP8 ~mJn
(PW 100 ~ 1 2 Im3m
(azd 100 hP2 P63Immc

,,
8
# ,
,

, ,

0 3 0 1 0 Y ) B O 7 O B O 9 0 l M
Weight Percent Zirconium Zr

B-C H. Okamoto, 1992

Atomic Percent Carbon Composition, Pear son Space
0 5 10 15 20 25
wt% c
30 35
. . - - . . . , ! . . . . . . . . , .!.......,..'_ml...'......,...!.....
phase symbol group

B Weight Percent Carbon

B-Co P.K. Liao and K.E. Spear, 1988

Atomic Percent Boron
100
Composition, Pearson Space
2200 phase I V ~ V ~ WB symbol group

-0 cF4 Fm3m
-0 hP? P6jlmmc
7.8 ... Pbnm
8.4 tIl 2 I4lmcm
15.5 oP8 Pnma
100 hR108 R3m
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams/2*81

P.K. Liao and K.E. Spear, 1986

A t o m ~ cPercent Boron
do'2* Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% B symbol group

Im?m
Fddd
Fddd
Abmm
I4/mcm
I4lmcm
Cmcm
Immm
P6lmmm
...
...
R3m
(a) Unstable or stability is uncertain. (b) Onhorhombic.(c) Tetragonal

D.J.Chakrabarti and D.E. Laughlin, 1982

Atamlc Percent Boron
Composition, Penrson Space
Phase wt% B symbol group

0) 0 to -0.05 cF4 Fm?m

(B) >80 tP192 P41212or
p432_12(?)
(B) S O hR105 R2m
(PB) 100 hR108 R3m
(aB) 100 hR12 R?;m
tP192 P41212 or
P43212(?)

100
Cu W e ~ g h t Percent Boron B

B-Fe P.K. Liao and K.E. Spear, unpublished

Atornlc Percent Boron
0 20 30 40 50 80 70 80 90 95 100
Composition, Penrson Space
Phase wt% Fe symbol group

(aFe) 0 c12 Im5-m

Fe2B 8.8 dl2 I41mcm
FeB 16.0 to 16.2 oP8 Pbmn
(PB) 100 hR 108 R5m
Metastable phases
Fe,B -6
Fe3B(HT) -6
Fe3B(LT) -6
(a) bct. (b) Tetragonal
2*82/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

B-Mn P.K. Liao and K.E. Spear, 1986

Atomic Percent Boron
o 1020 30 40 50 60 70 80 80 100 Composition, Pearson Space
2200
phase wt% B symbol group

(8Mn) o el? ~m?m

Mn4B(a) 5 0F40 Fddd
MnzB(a) 9.0 (b 1 Fddd
9.0 t112 I4lmcm
MnB 16 OP Pnma
Mn3B4 20.8 0114 Immm
MnB2 28.3 hP3 Pblmmm
MnB4 44 (c) c2/m
MnB-4) ... hR108 R F
(PB) 100 hR 108 R3m
(a) Probably not thermodynamically stable. Also, onhorhombic Mn4B and Mn2B may refer to the same
phase. (b) Onhorhombic. (c) Monoclinic. (d) Probably the Mn-rich boundary or rhombohedra1 B

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 80 100
Mn Weight Percent Boron B

B-Mo K.E. Spear and P.K. Liao, 1988

A t o m ~ cPercent Boron
Composition, Pearson Space
phase wt% B symbol group

(Mo) 0 to <O.l c12 Im?m

Mo2B -5 t112 I4lmcm
aMoB 9 to 10 tIl6 1411amd
PMoB 9 to 10.4 oC8 Cmcm
MoB2 16 to 18 hP3 P6Immm
M0zB5 18.6 to 20 hR2 1 R3m
MOB, -30 hP20 P631mmc
($B) >92 to 100 hR 108 R3m

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Weight Percent Boron B

B-Nb H. Okarnoto, 1990

Atomic Percent N~ob~urn
o 10 20 30 40 so 70 100 Composition, Pearson Space
wt% Nb symbol group

0 hR108 R3m
73 to 83 hP3 P6Immm
86.6 0114 Immm
87.8 oC* Cmmm
90 oC8 Cmcm
93 tPl0 P4l~bm
100 cI2 Im3m

0 10 20 30 40 50 80 70 80 90 100
B Weight Percent Niobium Nb
B-Ni

p
o
2100

1900

1700
,
Atornlc P e t - c ~ n tBoron
ri----t-------rc. ., , I
2082'
Phw

(NO
Ni3B
NizB
Ni,B,
Ni,B,
NIB
NiB2(c)
wl% B

0
6
8.4
11.5
12.5
16
26.9
Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams/2.83

Composition,
P.K. Liao and K.E. Spear, 1991
Pearson
symbol

cF4
oP6
t112
(a)
(b)
oC8
(d)
Space
group

Fm3m
Pnm
I4/mcm
Pnma
C2Ic
Cmcrn
...

.$" 1300R(~i) / (a) Orthorhombic. (b) Monoclinic. (c) Existence of these compounds has been reported but a hlghiy unlikely
(d) Cubic

NI Welght P e r c e n t Boron B

P.K. Liao and K.E. Spear, unpublished

A t o m c P e r c e n t Boron
10 20 30 40 Composition, Pearson Space
----+ --r---v +T..T. ~hise wl% B symbol group

(Pd) 0.00 to 2.2 cF4 Fmjrn

Pd16B3 1.9 ... ...
Pd3B 3.4 oPl6 Pnm
Pd~B2 3.9 mC28 C2/c
(PB) 100 hR 105 FR3m

6
Pd Weight P e r c e n t Boron

B-Pt H. Okamoto, 1990

A t o m ~ cP e r c e n t Platlnurn
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% ~t symbol group

(PB) 0 hR 108 ~ 5 m
BzPt3 96 ... ...
BPt2 97.3 hP6 P63lmmc
BPt, 98 t** ...
(Pt) 100 cF4 ~mSm
2e841Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

B-Re K.I. Portnoi and V.M. Romashov, 1972

A t o m ~ cPercent Boron
0 40 60 70 80 90 95 Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% B symbol group

0 to -0.06 hP2 P63Immc

-2 0C16 Cmcm
-2.4 hP20 P63lmc
-10 to -17 hP6 P63Lmmc
-85 to 100 hR 105 R3m

Re Weight Percent Boron B

W. Obrowski, 1963
Atomic Percent Boron
20 40 50 60 70 80 Composition, Pearson Space
wt% B symbol group

(Ru) 0 to -0.2 hP2 P63Immc

,@ZT RU7B3
-4 to 6 hP2O p6@~
RUB -9 to 11 hP2 P6m2
RuzB3 14 hPl2 P63lmmc
RuB2 17.6 of6 Pmmn
(B) -100 hR105 ~ ? m

Ru Weight Percent Boron B

B-SC K.E. Spear and P.K. Liao, 1990

Atornlc Percent Boron
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 SO Composition, Pearson Space
.. -..- -, .. ... .
l87li
2400 ' --1 phase wt% B symbol group

(aSc) o hp 2 ~6~1mmc
(PW 0 CI2 ImSm
ScBz 33 hP3 P6lmmm
SCBIZ 73 tI26 14lmrnm
SCBZO (a) ... ...
(PB) 100 hR108 R3m
(a) Metastable. rhombohedra1 (BB)
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams/2.85

B-Si R.W. Olesinski and G.J. Abbaschian, 1984

A t o m l c Percent Boron
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% B symbol group

(aSi) 0 to -1.2 cF8 ~d?m

(Psi) (HP) 0 t14 141/amd
SiB, 52.7 to 58.4 hR15 ~ ? m
SiBd 69.8 oP280 Pnnm
SiB,, 84.3 to -93 hR12 ~?;m
(B) -93 to -100 hR12 R5m
(PB)(a) 100 hR105 R3m
(a) Assumed to be the only stable phase of pure B

: :

m :

0 10 W 30 40 Jo 80 70
Si Weight Percent Boron

H. Okamoto, 1990
A t o r n ~ cP e r c e n t T a n t a l u m
Composition, Pear son Space
Phase wt% TP symbol group

(PB) 0 to -2 hR108 R3m

B2Ta -85.5 to 91 hP3 P6Immm
B4Ta3 92.4 to 92.9 0114 Immm
BTa 94 to 95 oC8 Cmcm
BzTa3 96.0 to 96.3 tPl0 P4/mbm
BTa2 97.4 to 97.7 t112 I4/mcm
(Ta) 100 ~12 / d m

Weight P e r c e n t T a n t a l u m

B-Ti J.L. Murray, P.K Liao, and K.E. Spear, 1987

Atornlc P e r c e n t Boron
Composition, Pearson Space
-9% B symbol group

0 to ~ 0 . 0 5 hP2 P631mmc
0 to ~ 0 . 0 5 c12 Im3m
18 to 18.4 oP8 Pnma
22.4 0114 Immm
30.1 to 31.1 hP3 P6/mmm
-100 hR108 R3m

_T---7 I
1
40 50 60 70 80 90 1110
W e ~ g h t P e r c e n t Boron I3
2086/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

B-V K.E. Spear, P.K. Liao, and J.F. Smith, 1991

Atomic Percent Boron
0 20 30 40
' ' ' ' 50 60 70 80 90 85 100 Composition, Pearson Space
/
A T I , ? ? - - - - L , phase wt% B symbol wow

Im3m
P4lmbm
Cmcm
Ammm
Immm
Cmcm
P6lmmm
RSm

V Weight Percent Boron B

B-W S.V. Nagender Naidu and P. Rama Rao, 1991

Atomic Percent Boron
Composition, Pearson Space
phase wt% B symbol group

(w) 0 c12 Im3m

W2B 2.9 t112 I4lrncm
I3WB 5.2 oC8 Cmcm
aWB 5.4 t116 I4llamd
WzB5 11.1 hP14 P63/mmc
WB4 21.1 hP2O P63/mmc
(B 100 hRl2 R3m
tP50 P4dnnm

1700
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
W Weight Percent Boron B

B-Y P.K. Liao and K.E. Spear, unpublished

Atomic Percent Boron
o 20 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Composition, Pearson Space
3000 Phase wt% B symbol
group

Y Weight Percent Boron B

 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrarns/2.87

B-Zr From [Zirconium]

Atomic Percent Zlrconlum
Composition, Pearson Space
Phw wt% Zr symbol group

(B) -0 hR105 RJm

B12Zr 40.9 cF5 2 Fm3m
BzZr 8 0 to 83.8 hP3 P6/mmm
(PZr) 99.8 to 100 c12 Im3m
(azr) -100 hP2 P63lmmc

B Weight P e r c e n t Zirconium Zr

Ba-Ca C.B. Alcock and V.P. Itkin, 1986

A t o m ~ cP e r c e n t B a r i u m
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 8 0 90 11111
Composition, Pearson Space
*-.I Phase wt% Ba symbol group

(aCa) o to 6 0 cF4 ~ m m
(DCa,Ba) 0 to 100 c12 1m7m

-. -,
L--~>
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Ca Weight P e r c e n t B a r i u m

Ba-Cd H. Okamoto, 1990

A t o m ~ cP e r c e n t C a d m ~ u m
o 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Composition, Pearson Space
600 Phme wt% Cd symbol group

[ (Ba) o ~12 Im3m

[ Ba2Cd 29.0 t16 14/mmm
8 7 ~ ' ~ BaCd 45 cP2 Pm3m
BaCd2 62.1 0112 Imma
Ba7Cd31 78.4 hP41 P6/mmm
BaCd,, 90.0 t148 1411amd
(Cd) 100 hP2 P63lmmc

m m
(W-:
-,._____r___3
70 60 90 100
Ba Wclght P e r c e n t C a d m i u m Cd
2088/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Ba-Cu D.J.Chakrabarti and D.E. Laughlin, 1984

Atomic Percent Barium
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Composition, Pearson Space
phase wt% Ba symbol group

0 ) 0 cF4 Fm3m
Cu13Ba 14.25 cF112 Fmc
CuBa 68.3 hP8 P63l~mc
(Ba) 100 CIZ 1m3m
Pressure-stabilized phase
Ba 100 hP2 P6slmmc

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 00 100

Ba-Ca V.P. ltkin and C.B. Alcock, 1991

Atomic Percent Galhum
0 10 20 30 40 50 80 70 Composition, Pearson Space
1200 Phme wt% Ga symbol group

Ba Weight Percent Gallium Ga

Ba-Ce P.R. Subramanian, 1990

Atomic Percent Germanium
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 60 00 100 Composition, Pearsoo Space
1300 Phme wt% Ge symbol group

(Ba) 0 cI2 Im3m

BalGe 20.9 of12 Pnma
BaGe 35 oC8 Cmcm
BaGez 51.4 cP84 P4132
of24 Pmna
BaGe4 68
(Ge) 100
High-pressure phase
BaGe2(a) 51.4
(a) Prepared at 1000 "C. 40 kbar pressure

Ba Weight Percent G e r m a n ~ u m Ge
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagramsl2.89

D.T. Peterson and M. Indig, 1960

Composition, Pearson Space
Phaw wt% H symbol group

(Ba) 0 to 1 c12 Imlim

aBaH2 -1.3 to 1.5 of12 Pnma
PBaH2 -1.4 to 1.5 cl* ...

P.R. Subrarnanian, 1990

Composition, Pearson Space
Phme w l % Hg symbol group

(Ba) o ~ 1 2 ~m?m
Ba2b 42.2 I16 14/mmm
BaHg 59 cP2 Pmlm
0112 Imma
... ...
hP38 P6lmmm
BaHg6 -89.8 ... ...
BaHgi~ -94.1 cP36 Pmm
BaHg13 -95 ... ...
(Hg) -100 hR 1 R3m

Ba Welght P e r c e n t Mer cury

H. Okarnoto, 1992
A t o r n ~ cP e r c e n t lndlurn
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% In symbol group

(Ba) o C I ~ Im3m
Ba,,In 6.0 ... ...
Ba31n 22 ... ...
PBa21n 29.5 ... ...
aBa,In 29.5 ... ...
BaIn 46 (a) ...
BaIn2 62.6 0112 lmma
BaIn4 77 tll0 14lmmm
(In) 100 t12 14/mmm

Ba Weight P e r c e n t Indlum
2090/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Ba-Li A.D. Pelton, 1984

A t o m i c Percent B a r l r ~ ~ n
Composition, Pearson Space
wt% Ba symbol WOUP

(a) Exists below -201 "C

100

0
0 10 M 33 40 50 60 70 80 90 IW
Li Weight Percent B a r i u m Ba

Ba-Mg A.A. Nayeb-Hashemi and J.B. Clark, 1988

Atomic P e r c e n t Barium
0 10 20 30 10 50 60 70 80 I00
Composition, Pearson Space
8004 c Phw wt% Ba svmboi zroun

Mg We~ght P e r c e n t B a r ~ u m

Ba-Na A.D. Pelton, 1985

Atomic Percent B a r ~ u m
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 7080 100
Composition, Pearson Space
Phnse wt% Ba symbol group

(aNa) 0 hP2 P63lmmc

(PNa) 0 to 6.8 ,212 Im3m
NaBa 60 (a) ...
NaBa 69 to 86 (b) ...
(Ba) 99 to 100 c12 ImJm
(a) Teuagonal. (b) Orthorhornbic

0 10 20 30 40 50 80 70 80 90 100
Na Weight P e r c e n t Barium Ba
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams/2*91

Ba-P P.R. Subramanian, 1990

Atornlc P e r c e n t P h o s p h o r u s
Composition, Penrson Space
80
0 10 20
,
30
, , . !40 , , ,,
50
1 , . 60!, . . . , . . . 70
. . . . . . , . . . . . .'. . , . . . . . . . . . Phw wt% P symbol group

Ba-Pb From [Hansen]

Atomlc P e r c e n t Lead
Composition, Pearson Space
1000 wt% Pb symbol group

0 c12 Im3m
-39 to 43.0 of12 Pnm
60 ... ...
60 oC8 Cmcm
82 hR12 R@
99.5 to 100 cF4 Fm3m

Ba-Se
Atornlc P e r c e n t S e l e n l u m
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 I Composition, Pearson Space
2000 wt% Se symbol group
2*92/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Ba-Si I. Obinata, Y. Takeuchi, K. Kurihara, and M. Watanabe, 1964

Atomlc Percent Sllicon
Composition, Pearson Space
1500 Phase wt% Si symbol group

(Ba) -0 cI2 Im3m

Ba2Si(a) 9.3 of12 Pnmn
1300- _/' Ba5Si3(a) 10.9 tP32 P4Incc
I L BaSi 17 oC8 Cmcm
Ba3Si4 21.4 tP28 P42/mnm
Basil 29.1 oP?4 Pnmn
hP3 P6lmmm
(SO -100 CF8 Fd3m
(a) Found after the diagram was constructed

Weight Percent Silicon Si

Ba-Te H. Okamoto, unpublished

Atomic Percent Tellurium
Composition, Penrson Space
1600 Phase wt% Te symbol group

(Ba) 0 cI2 Im3m

BaTe 48 cFX Fm3m
Ba2Te3 58 ... ...
BaTe2 65.1 ... ...
(Te) 100 hP3 P3121

G. Bruzzone, 1966
Atornlc Percent T h a l l ~ u m
Composition, Pearson Space
sm Phme wt% T I symbol group

(Ba)
Ba13TI
Ba2Tl
BaTl
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagramsl2.93

Ba-Zn H. Okamoto, 1991

A t o r n ~ cP e r c e n t Z l n c
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 80 100
Composition, Pearson Space
1000 Phase wt% Zn symbol group

(Ba) c12 1m3m

BaoZn t16 I41mmm
BaZn cP2 PmSm
BaZn2 0112 Imma
BaZnS oC25 Cmcm
BaZnl, cF112 Fm3c
(Zn) hP2 P6slmmc

Ba Weight P e r c e n t Zinc Zn

Be-Co H. Okamoto, L.E. Tanner, and T. Nishizawa, 1988

Atomlc P e r c e n t Cobalt
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Co symbol group

@Be) 0 to 29 c12 Im3m

@Be) o to 15.61 hp2 ~6~11nmc
Be12Co (a) t126 I41mmm
Y 34.7 to ? el5 2 1m3m
f ? to 62 cF416 ~m3m
E -47 hP19 P6m2
hP48 P631mcm
6 (a) cF24 F43m
P' (a) c12 lm3m
5' (4 (b) ?
5 66 to 70 hP96 P63Imcm
P 70 to 88 cP2 ~m3m
P1 94 to 97 c12? 1m3m
(do) 98 to 100 cF4 Fm3m
(ECO) 99.9 to 100(a) hP2 P631mmc
Metastable phases
... -86.7 (c) ?
... 91 to 97 (4 ?
Be Welght P e r c e n t Cobalt Co
(a) Nor shown in the assessed dlagram. (b) Orthorhombic. ( c ) bcl. (d) Telragonal

Be-Cr M. Venkatraman and J.P. Neumann, 1987

Atornlc P e r c e n t B e r v l l ~ u r n
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Be svmbol erour,

Cr WelghL P e r c e n t Beryllium Be

"---
----- " - -- - -- ---
2*94/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Be-Cu H. Okamoto, 1992

Atomic Percent Beryllium
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Be symbol group

0) 0 to 2.2 cF4 FmTm

P 4.3 to 9.8 cI2 Im3m
Y 10.3 to 12.4 cP2 Pmh
6 -20.4 to -38.5 cF24 Fd3m
@Be) 40.4 to 100 CIZ ImTm
(aW 57.5 to 100 hP2 P63lmmc

Be-Fe H. Okarnoto and L.E. Tanner, 1992

Atomlc Percent Iron
20 30 10 50 80 80 100 Composition, Pearson Space
1600
Phase wt% Fe symbol group

@Be) oto 11 ~12 1m3m

@Be) 0 to 5.3 hp2 P631mm~
E -35 to 41 hP19 P6m2
hP48 P63I~cm
S 32 to 58 cF24 Fd3m
< 62 to 78 hP12 P63lmmc
We) 99.7 to 100 cF4 Fm3m
W e ) 94 to 100 C I ~ 1m3m
Metastable phases
... -86 cF16 ~dTm
P ? cP2 Pm3m
BeF3 -95 cF16 Fm3m

Be Weight Percent Iron Fe

Be-rich portion of the Be-Fe phase diagram

A t o m ~ cPercent Iron
0 1 2 3 ? 5 6 7 0 9
. . , . . . , .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , , . , , . I , . , . , , # _ , , , I ,
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrarns/2.95

Be-Hf H. Okamoto and L.E. Tanner, 1987

Atomic Percent Hafnlurn
0 1 2 4 8 8 10 15 20 30 40 80 100 Composition, Pearson Space
2400 Phase wt% HI symbol group

Metastable phases
BeHf 95 oC8 Cmcm
a' 99.7 to 100(c) ... ...
(a) Be-voor side. (b) Be-rich side. (c) Acicular martensite

Be Weight Percent Hafnium Hf

Be-Nb H. Okamoto and L.E. Tanner, 1987

Atorn~c Percent N i o b ~ u m
0 2 4 8 8 1 0 20 30 40 50 70 LOO
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Nb symbol group
2500

(a) Proposed as Be8Nb. (b) Reported as Be2Nb

Be Welght Percent N ~ o b ~ u m Nb

Be-Ni H. Okamoto and L.E. Tanner, 1991

A t o m ~ cPercent N~ckel
0 5 LO Composition, Pearson Space
20 30 40 50 60 70 I00
Phase wt% Ni symbol group

($Be) o to 23.5 CIZ 1m3m

(aBe) 0 to 42 hP2 P63/mmc
Y 45.8 to >51 CIS2 Iz3m
./ 51 to 6 2 cF416 F23
I3 68 to 87.4 cP2 Pm3m
(Ni) 95.4 to loo cF4 ~~3~
Metastable phases
? 92.2 to 93.4 o** ?
P' 3 7 to <95 tl* ?
y'BeNi3 95 ? ?

Be Weight Percent Nickel NI

2*96/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Be-Pd H. Okamoto and L.E. Tanner, 1987

Atomic Percent Palladium
1 2 3 4 5 10 20 30 40 50 70 100 Composition, Pearson Space
d , ~hp.le wt% ~d symbol group

(We)
We)
Be12Pd
BeSPd
BePd
Be3Pd4
BezPd3
BePd2
BePd3
(Pd)
(a) Orthorhombic
- - -

0 10 20 30 40 SO 80 70 80 90 I00
Be We~ght Percent Palladium Pd

Be-Si H. Okamoto and L.E. Tanner, 1987

Atomic Percent Silicon
10 20 30 40 50 80 70 80 90 100 Composition, Pearson Space
1500 T I Phase si
~ 1 % symbol group

@Be) 0 ~12 1m3m

1400
@Be) o hpz P63Immc
(Si) 100 cF8 Fd3m
1300
1270?
Y
ea 1200
4
m
w
a
:
1100

E-

1000

900

BOO

Be Weight Percent Slllcon

Be-Th H. Okamoto, L.E. Tanner, and D.E. Peterson, 1987

Atomic Percent Thorium
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Th symbol group

We) o ~12 1mTm

@Be) o h ~ 2 P631mmc
Be13Th 66.44 cFll2 Fm&
(PTh) 100 c12 lm3m
(aTh) 100 cF4 Fmm

Be Weight Percent Thorium Th

 Binary Alloy Phase Diagramsl2.97

Be-Ti J.L. Murray, 1987

4tomlc Percent B e r \ l l ~ u r n
Composition, Pearson Space
-.- , 80, , , , !36
0 20 30 40 50 60 '0 :9 9,2 :9
-J Phnre wt% Be symbol group

0 to -1.5 c12 Im?m

(aTi) -0 hP2 P6glmmc
TiBe2 27.4 cF24 FC3m
TiBe3 36 hR12 R3m
aTi2Be17 61.6 hR19 R3m
P63Immc
, PTi2Be1-i
TiBe12
TiBe(a)
61.6
69.3
-16
hP38
r126
cP2
I4lmmm
Pm3m
@Be) -100 ~12 ~m?m
(aBe) -100 hP2 P63/~m~
(a) Metastable

7 0 0 0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 60 90 100
TI Welght P e r c e n t B e r y l l ~ u r n Rr

H. Okamoto and L.E. Tanner, 1987

Atomlc P e r c e n t Tungsten Composition, Penrson Space
0 5 10
3500
20 30 40 60100
Phaw wt% w svmbol wow

(a) Not accepted in the assessed phase diagram. (b) Tetragonal

Be Welght P e r c e n t Tungsten

Be-Zr H. Okamoto, L.E. Tanner, and J.P. Abriata, 1987

Atomic P e r c e n t Zirconium
Composition, Penrson Space
Phaw wt% Zr symbol group

0 cI2
(aBe) 0 hP2
Be13Zr 43.6 cF112
Be12Zr(a) 43.6 tI*
Be17Zr2 54.3 hR19
BeSZr 67.0 hP6
Be2Zr 83.5 hP3
(PZr) 100 ~12
(azr) 100 hP2
Metastable phases
BeZr 91 oC8
a' 99 to 100 (b)
(a) Not accepted in the assessed diagram. (b) Acicular martensite

Be Welght P e r c e n t Zirconium Zr
2*98/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Bi-Ca H. Okamoto. 1991

A t o m ~ cPercent C a l c ~ u m --
020 30 10 50 80 70 Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Ca symbol group

(Bi) 0 hR2 R3m

Bi3Ca 6 ... ...
B~IOC~II 17.4 t184 141mtm11
Bi3Ca5 24.2 oP32 Pnrna
BiCa2 27.8 tI12 I4/m_mm
(aca) 100 cF4 Fm3m
(PW 100 c12 I ~ L

Bi Weight Percent Calcium

Bi-Cd Z. Moser, J.Dutkiewicz, 1. Zabdyr, and J.Salawa, 1988

A t o m ~ cPercent Cadmium
Composition, Pearson Space
401
Phase wt% C d symbol grwp

351
(Bi) 0 hR2 ~ y m
(Cd) 100 hP2 P6dmmc

301
271.44Ze
25i
a,
3
4
m eot
w

2
W 15(

10C

5C

Weight Percent Cadmium Cd

Bi-Cs J.Sangster and A.D. Pelton, 1991

Atomic Percent Cesium
0 10 20 30 10 50 60 70 80 90 100 Composition, Penrson Space
700 0 Phsse wt% Cs symbol glrow
1% [ 0 7 1 ' ~ B.P.

Bi Weight Percent Cesium Cs

 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams12099

Bi-Cu D.J. Chakrabarti and D.E. Laughlin, 1984

Composition, Pearson Space
Phxe wt% Bi symbol group

(cu) 0 to 0.010 cF4 F ~ ? ~

(Bi) 100 hR2 R J ~
Metastable phase
CusBiz 57 ... ...

nl.rrzoc

2W
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
.
70
----- 80 90
(Bly'
- .--
100
Cu W e ~ g h tP e r c e n t B l s m u t h BI

Bi-Ca H. Okamoto, 1990

Alomlc P e r d e n t G a l l i u m Composition, Pearson Space
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
' , -
A +
Phm wt% Ga symbol group
t (Bi) -0 hR2 R3m
t (Ga) -100 oC8 Cmca

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
BI Weight P e r c e n t G a l l ~ u r n Ga

Bi-Ce R.W. Olesinski and C.J. Abbaschian, 1986

Composition, Pearson Space
1000 Phase wt% Bi symbol group
938.3.C
900

800

700

y
600
3
d
m 500
C
GI

5 400
C

300

ZOO

10C

Ge W e ~ g h tPercent B ~ s r n u t h HI

----"- " --- -- - -- - --

2.1 OO/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Bi-Hg L. Zabdyr and C. Guminski, unpublished

Atornlc Percent Mercury
700 Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Hg symbol group

(Bi) 0 hR2 ~ 5 m
(Hg) 100 hR1 R3m

-100

BI Weight Percent Mercury

Bi-In H. Okamoto, 1992

Atomic Percent Indium --
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Composition, Pearson Space
300
Phw wt% In symbol group

Stable phases
(aBi) 0 to 0.005 hR2 R3m
BiIn 35.4 tP4 P4Inmm
Bi31n5 47.5 to 47.97 1132 I4/mcm
BiInz 52.5 to 53.5 hP6 P6glmmc
E 80 to 86 t12 ...
(In) -86 to 100 t12 I4lmmm
Pressure, GPa 5a.m.c
High-pressurelmetastablephases
P2dm
C2lm
1411amd
Immb
P6lmmm
...
...
...
. . . . . . .
P4Inmm
Bi Weight Percent Indium In Im3m
...
...
Mlmmm
(a) Thin film. Robablv Bidn.

A. Petric and A.D. Pelton, 1991

Atomic Percent Potasslum
01020 30 40 50 80 70 Composition, Pearson Space
800
phase w1% K symbol group

(80 0 hR2 R3m

Bi2K 8.5 cF24 Fd3m
BiK5(a) 19.0 ... ...
Bi2K, 22 ... ...
aBiK3(b) 36 hP8 P631mmc
PBiKdc) 36 cF16 Fm3m
(K) 100 c12 Im3m
(a) Might be Bi7K9. (b) Stable below 280 T. (c) Stable above 280 'C

Bi Weight Percent P o t a s s ~ u m K
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams/2=101

Bi-La K.A. Cschneidner, Jr. and F.W. Calderwood, 1989

Atomic P e r c e n t B ~ s m u t h
0 I0 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Composition, Pearson Space
1800 Phase wt% Bi symbol group

(yLa)
@La)
@La)
La2Bi
La5Bi3
L*Bi
LaBi
LaBi,(a)
LaBi2(a)
(aBi)
(a) Conflicting reports regarding LaBi2 structure

La Welght P e r c e n t B ~ s m u t h 81

J.Sangster and A.D. Pelton, 1991

Composition, Penrson Space
phase wt% Li symbol group

(a) Below 415 'C. (b) At 380 "C. (c) Below -201 'C

20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
BI Weight P e r c e n t L l t h l u m LI

Bi-Mg A.A. Nayeb-Hashemi and J.B. Clark, 1988

Atonllc Percent B ~ s m u t h
10 20 30 10 50 70 100
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Bi symbol group

(a) The structure of the high-temperature Mg3Bi2 is unknown

0
Mg Welght P e r c e n t B i s m u t h BI
201 02/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Bi-Mn H. Okamoto, 1990

Atomic Percent Manganese
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% M n symbol group

(Bi) 0 hR2 R3m

PBiMn 22.1 0*32 ...
aBiMn 20.8 hP4 P63lmmc
(SMn) loo ~12 Imb
(Wn) loo cF4 F ~ T ~
(PMn) 100 CP~O P4,32
(aMn) 100 cI58 I43m

Weight Percent Manganese Mn

Bi-Na J.Sangster and A.D. Pelton, 1991

Atomic Percent Sodlum
0 20 40 50 60 70 80 80 100 Composition, Pearson Space
8 0 0 0 Phase wt% Na symbol group

(aBi) 0 hR2 R3m

BiNa 10.1 rP4 P4lmmm
BiNa3(a) 23.4 to 27.5(b) hP8 P6jlmmc
(aNa)(c) 100 hP2 P63Immc
(PW 100 C I ~ 1m3m
(a) Might be hP24, Cu3As prototype. (b) At 800 "C. ( c ) Below -237 'C

Bi Weight Percent Sodium Na

Bi-Nd K.A. Gschneidner, Jr. and F.W. Calderwood, 1989

Atomic Percent Blsmuth
Composition, Pearson Space
Phlse wt% ~i symbol group

(aNd) 0 hP4 P631mmc

NdzBi 42.0 1112 Mlmmm
Nd5Bi3 46.5 hP16 P6glmcm
Nd4Bi3 52.1 cI28 I&?d
NdBi 59.1 cF8 Fm3m-
NdBiz 74.4 aP27(?) P1 or P1
(aBi) 100 hR 2 ~?rn

0 10 20 30 40 5C
Nd Weight Perce nuth
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams/2a103

Bi-Ni P. Nash, 1991

Atornlr P e r c e n t Blsrnuth
Composition, Pearson Space
Phms wt% Bi symbol group

(Ni) o cF4 F ~ J ~
NiBi 7 4 to 77 hP4 P63Immc
NiBi3 91 ... ...
(Ri) 100 hR2 R3m

Bi-Pb N.A. Cokcen, 1992

Atornlc P e r c e n t Lead
Composition, Pearson Space
+-0 10 20 30 10 50
--*+p*-\
60 70 80 90
Phare wt% ~b symbol group -. -.'--.
(Bi) o to 0.7 h ~ 2 ~ 3 m
E 59.8 to 7 3 W2 P63Immc
(Ph) 77.9 to 100 cF4 ~m?m

100

Bi W e ~ g h t P e r c e n t Lead Pb

Bi-Pd H.Okamoto, unpublished

Atornlc P e r c e n t P a l l a d ~ u r r ~ Composition, Pearson Space
10 20 30 10 50 60 70 80 90 1,
i - - - r - - - - - - . - ~hms wt% ~d symbol group

,.,._,.-
I-

;
; (aBi) 0 hR2 R%I
PBizPd 20.3 116 Mlmmm
,/ uBi,Pd 20.3 mC12 C2/m
,/'
PBiPd 33.7 oC32 Cmc21
uBiPd 33.7 mP32 p2 1

-/(a) 45.9 hP16 ...

Bi2Pd5 56.0 mC28 C2/m
Bi12Pd31 56.8 hR44 R3
PBiPd3 60 ... ...
aBiPd, 60 oPl6 Pmma
(Pd) 100 cF4 ~m3m
(a) Superlattice of NiAs type

id0

Bi Weight P e r c e n t P a l l a d i u m Pd
2.1 041Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Bi-Pt H. Okamoto. 1991

Atomic Percent Platlnum
Composition, Pear son Space
LBO0
Phme wt% Pt symbol group

(aBi) 0 hR2 ~ 7 m
6BizPt 31.8 of6 Pnnm
yBi2Pt 31.8 hP9 P3
$Bi2Pt 31.8 cP12 Pa3
aBi2Pt 31.8 oP24 Pbca
Bi3Ptz 38 o** ...
hP4 P631mmc
BiPt 48.2 hP4 P63lmmc
(pt) 100 cF4 Fm3m

Bi Weight Percent Platinum Pt

Bi-Rb A.D. Pelton and A. Petric, unpublished

Atomlc Percent Rubidlum
Composition, Pearson Space
100 Phase wt% Rb symbol group

(Bi) 0 hR2 Rjm

Bi2Rb 17.0 cF24 Fd3m
BiRb(?) 29.0 ... ...
Bi4RbS 33.9 ... ...
Bi2Rb3 38 ... ...
aBiRb3(a) 55 hP8 P631mmc
PBiRb3(b) 55 cF16 Fm3m
(Rb) 100 cI2 ImTm
(a) Stable below 230 OC. (b) Stable above 230 "C

Weight Percent Rubidlum Rh

L C . Lin, R.C. Sharma, and Y.A. Chang, unpublished

Atomic Percent Sulfur
Composition, Pearson Space
Phme wt% S symbol group

(aBi) 0 hR2 RFm

Biz& 19 oP20 Pnma
(as) loo 0~128 ~ddd
(PS) 100 mP* P2 11c
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams/2.105

Bi-Sb H. Okamoto, unpublished

A t o m ~ cP e r c e n t Antlrnony
Composition, Pearson Space
phase wt% Sb symbol group

(Bi,Sb) 0 to 100 hR2 R3m

High-pressure phases
(BiII) 0 to 2.1 mC4 C2/m
(Bi,SblII) 0 to 100 mP4 P21/m
(BiIII') 0 to ? ... ...
(BiIV) 0 to ? m'8 ...
(BiV) 0 to ? c12 Im3m
(SbII) 7 0 to 100 cP 1 ~m3m
(SbIII) ? t o 100 hP2 P631mmc
(a) At room temperature. (b) High-temperature, high-pressure phase

4
- 7 - - , 0 , 100

Bi Welght P e r c e n t A n t l m o n y Sb

Bi-Se H. Okamoto, unpublished

Atomlc P r r c e n l Selenlurn
Composition, Pearson Space
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 '70 80 90 100
Phase wt% Se symbol group

(aBi) 0 hR2 ~ ? m
BilSe3 14 hR20 R-?m
Bi2Se 15.9 hP9 P2m 1
Bi5Se3(a) 18.5 hP48 P3ml
Bi3Se2 20 hP30 PKm 1
Bi4Se3 22.1 hR7 R2m
Bi6Se5 24.0 hP33 ~3ml
Bi8Se7 24.8 hP45 P2ml
BiSe 27.4 hP12 PLm 1
Bi8Se9 29.8 hP17 RJm
Bi6Sel 30.6 hP39 P3ml
Bi4Se5 32.1 hP27 P3ml
BisSe4 33.5 hP42 P3ml
Bi2Se3 36 hR5 R3m
(Se) 100 hP3 P3121
Metastable phases
BiSe(b) 27.4 cF8 Fm3m
Bi2Se3111a 36 c** ...
o 10 20 30 40 50 80 70 80 no 100 High-pressure phases
BI Welght P e r c e n t S e l e n l u m Se
Bi2Se311(c) 36 oP20 Pnma
Bi2SesIII 36 tP40 P42lnmc
BiSe2 43.1 ... ...
(a) Laitakarite. (b) Thin film. (c) Bismuthite
2.1 OC/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Bi-Sm H. Okamoto, 1990

Atomlc Percent S a m a r l u m
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Composition, Pearson Space
2000 Phase wt 5% s m symbol group

(aBi) 0 hR2 ~ 3 m
Bi2Sm 26.5 oP12 Pm?
BiSm 42.8 cF8 Fm3m
Bi3Sm4 48.9 cI28 1z3d
Bi3Sms 54.5 hP16 P63/mcm
BiSm2 59.0 t16 14/mynm
(lySm) 100 cI2 Im3m
(Wm) 100 hP2 P63/mmc
loo h ~ 3 ~mTm

30 40 5C
Weight Percent S a m a r i u m

Bi-Sn H. Okamoto, 1990

Atomic Percent Bismuth
o 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 so loo Composition, Penrson Space
wt% Bi symbol group

0 to 21 t14 1411amd
0 to ? cF8 F<Tm
99.9 to 100 hR2 R3m

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Sn Weight Percent Bismuth Bi

Bi-Sr From [Elliott]

A t o m ~ cPercent S t r o n t i u m
Composition, Penrson Space
Phase wt% Sr svmbol erou~

B1 Welght Percent S t r o n t ~ u r n Sr

- - -
i t . * .- - -
,..
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrarns/2.107

H. Okamoto and L.E. Tanner, unpublished

Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Te symbol group

(aBi)
Bi2Te3
(aTe)
Stacking variants
Bi7Te,
Bi2Te
Bi4Te3
BiTe
Bi6Te7
Bi4Te5
Metastable phases
BiTe(a)
Bi2Te5
High-pressure phase
Bi2Te311
(a) Thin film

HI W r ~ g h t Prrcriit l'ellur~nrn Tr

Bi-TI H. Okamoto, unpublished

A t o r n ~ cP e r c e n t rhallium
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% TI symbol group

Note: Not all high-pressure phases of Bi are listed. (a) Hlgh-pressure phase. (b) Not accepted in the
assessed diagram. ( c ) Metastable?

Bi-U From [Chiottil

A t o m i c P e r c e n t Lhsmuth
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Bi symbol group
Ll + LZ
(YU) 0 c12 1m3m
($u) 0 tP30 P4dmnm
(aU) 0 oC4 cm~m
UBi 46.7 cF8 Fm3m
U3Bi4 53.9 c12 8 143d
UBi2 63.8 rP6 P4/_nmm
(Bi) loo h ~ 2 R3m

U Weight P e r c e n t Blsrnuth
20108/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

K.A. Gschneidner, Jr. and F.W. Calderwood, 1989

Atomic Percent Blsmuth
Composition, Pearson Space
2400 Phase wt% Bi symbol group
2200
(aY)
Y5Bi3
YBi
(aBi)
- -
-

Bi-Yb H. Okamoto, 1990

Atomic Percent Y t t e r b ~ u m
Composition, Pearson Space
phase wt% ~b symbol group

(aBi) 0 hR2 R3m

Bi,Yb 29.3 oC12 Cmcm
PB~IoY~II 47.7 tI84 I~I~IIU~
aBiloYbll 47.7 ... ...
Bi3Yb4 52.4 c128 Iz3d
Bi3Yb5 58 of32 Pnma
BilYb5 67.4 of* Pn2 a
(yYb) 100 ~12 1m3m
(Wb) 100 cF4 Fm3m
(aYb) 100 hP2 P6slmmc

BI Weight Percent Y t t e r b ~ u m Yb

Bi-Zn H. Okamoto, 1990

Atomlc Percent Z ~ n c
0 10 20 30 Composition, Pearson Space
phase wt% Z n symbol group

(Bi) 0 to ? hR2 R3m

(Zn) -100 hP2 P63lmmc
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrarns/2*109

Bi-Zr H. Okarnoto, 1990

Atornlc Pcrc t.nt Z l r c o n ~ u r n
Composition, Pearson Space
2000 -.-,- 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
-d Phase wt% Zr symbol group
---

(aBi) R3m
Bi2Zr Pnnm
BiZr ...
1500 Bi2Zr3 ...
BiZr2 ...
U BiZr3 I3
a (BZr) Im3m
3
+ (azr) P63lmmc
m 1000

a
E
b

50C

271.44T

W e ~ g h tP e r c e n t Z ~ r c o n i u m Zr

K. lshida and T. Nishizawa, 1991

Atomlc P e r c e n t Carbon
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% C symbol group

Metastable phases
(&TO) -0.3 to -0.4 (a) ...
Co3C 6 oP6 Pnma
Co2C 9 oP6 Pnnm
(a) Hexagonal

200
0 05 1 15 2 25 3 35 4 45
Co Weight P e r c e n t Carbon

M. Venkatrarnan and J.P. Neurnann, 1990

Composition, Pearson Space
phase wt% c symbol group

0 t o -0.07 d2 Im3m
5.5 to 5.8 cF116 ~~3~
-7 oPl6 Pnma
-9 oP40 Pnma
-13 oP20 Pnma
-19 ... ...
-100 hP4 P63lmmc
(a) Metastable

Cr W e ~ g h t P e r c e n t Carbon
2e11 O/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

P.R. Subramanian and D.E. Laughlin, unpublished

ALorn~c P e r c e n t Carbon
Composition, Pearson Space
2400
Phase wt% C symbol group

0) 0 to 0.01 cF4 FmTm

(c) 100 hP4 P6slmmc

H. Okamoto, 1992
Composition, Pearson Space
Phrrpe wt% C symbol KroUP

(@el 0 to 0.09 ~12 ImTm

We) o to 2.1 cF4 ~mTm
W e ) 0 to 0.021 ~12 Im3m
(c) 100 hP4 P6jlmmc
Metastable/high-pressure phases
We) 0 hP2 P6jImmc
Martensite <2.1 114 I4/pm
Fe4C 5.1 cP5 P43m
600&-*y-..-v--- 7.r.- Fe3C (9) 6.7 of16 Pnma
0 0005 001 0015 002 0025 003 0035 004 0045
F e G (x) 7.9 mc28 C~IC
Cu W e ~ g h t P e r c e n t Carbon
Fe7C3 8.4 hP20 P6pc
Fe7C3 8.4 of40 Pnma
FezC (11) 9.7 oP 6 Pnnm
F ~ z C(E) 9.7 hp* P6322
FeZC 9.7 hP* P+l
(c) 100 cFX Fd3m

C-Fe
Atomrc P e r c e n t Carbon

. . ~ ~ . . . . ~ , ~ . ~ ~ ~ ~ . . . , ~ . ~ , , , . . . , ~ , , . ~ , ~ ~ . , . . . . . . . . , , , . , . . , . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . , , , , . . .
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
Fe Weight P e r c e n t Carbon Fe Weight P e r c e n t Carbon

Atomrc P e r c e n t Carbon Atomic P e r c e n t Carbon

Fe W e ~ g h t P e r c e n t Carbon
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams/2alll

H. Okarnoto, 1990
Atomic P e r c e n t H a f n ~ u r n
Composition, Pearson Space
Phme wl% HI symbol group
395Ot40T
el*.I (c) 0 hP4 P63lmmc
..................... L CHI -93.8 to 96.6 cF8 ~~3~
--__---__-- (PHO 99.9 to 100 c12 Im3m
--.
---._. (aHO 98.9 to 100 hP 2 P63lmmc
-.
3180t30.C
87.5 -93.8 \

CHf \

I> II 4

(a~f>: !
'
: I ?
, I
4 8 I
, I I

!
Weight P e r c e n t Hafnium

K.A. Cschneidner, Jr. and F.W. Calderwood, 1986

Atornlc P e r c e n t Carbon
I0 20 30 40 50 80 70 Composition, Pearson Space
Phme wt% C symbol erouD

J , , . . a, . , , . , , ,
I5 20 25
W e ~ g h t P e r c e n t Carbon

H. Okamoto, 1990
A t o r n ~ c P r r c e n t Carbon
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% C symbol group

@Mn) 0 to 0.02 c12 Im3m

(Wn) 0 to 3 cF4 Fmsm
(PMn) 0 t00.1 cP20 P4,32
(aMn) 0 to 1.5 c15 8 143m
E 3.3 to 6.6 ... ...
Mn23C6 5.4 cF116 Fm3m
Mn3C 6.8 oPl6 Pnma
Mn~C2 8.1 mC28 C2/c
Mn7C3 8.6 of40 Pnma
(c) 100 hP4 P63lmmc
20112/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

C-Mo H. Okamoto, 1990

Atomic Percent Carbon
o 20 40 50 80 70 no 90 100 Composition, Pearson Space
phase wt% C symbol group

(Mo) 0 to 0.14 c12 lm3m

P 4.4 to 6.6 hP3 P63lmmc
P' -5.7 oP12 Pbcn
P" -5.9 ... ...
'l 6.8 t o 7.7 hP8 P6glmmc
6 6.8 t o 8.6 oFR Fm3m
MoC 11 hP2 ~6m2
( 0 100 hP4 P63lmmc

0 10 20 30 40 50 BO 70 80 80 100
Mo Welght P e r c e n t Carbon C

C-Ni M.F. Singleton and P. Nash, 1991

Atomic Percent Carbon Composition,
Pearson Space
phase ~ 1 c
% symbol group

(Ni) 0 to 0.6(a) cF4 Fm3m

(C, graphite) -100 hP4 P63lmmc
Metastable phase
Ni3C ... oPl6 Pnma
(a) Can be extended to 1.6 wt% C at 1314 T

NI Welght P e r c e n t Carbon C

C-Pr H. Okamoto, 1990

Atomlc Percent Carbon
Composition, Pearqon Space
Phase wt% C symbol group

Pr Welght P e r c e n t Carbon C
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams/2.113

O.V. Gordiichuk, 1987

Atomic P e r c e n t Carbon
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Composition, Pearson Space
~ . . . / 1 .! ! . . . . I,
, , , , , . 1 .
~ h m c
~ 1 % symbol group

(aSc) 0 hP2 P ~ ~ I ~ U ~ C
(PSc) 0 c12 Im3m
Sc2C -12 hR3 R3m
sc4c3 16.7 c128 143d
Sc13C10 17.1 c** ...
SCIS~IP 25.3 tP68 pa2 c
(c) 100 hP4 P6slmmc

Sc Weight P e r c e n t Carbon

C-Si R.W. Olesinski and G.J. Abbaschian, 1984

A t o m l c Percent Carbon
Composition, Pearson Space
wt% c symbol group

0 cF8 F ~ S ~
30 cF8 Fa3m
100 hP4 P6jlmmc
Metastable
30 (b) ...
22 to 40 ... ...
High pressure
... r14 1411amd
(a) Other SIC polylypes have been reported. (b) Hexagonal

0 10 20 30 40 50 El 70 80 90 1~
Si Welght P e r c e n t Carbon C

O.M. Barabash and Yu. N. Koval, 1986

A t o m ~ cP e r c e n t Carbon
, . 75: . . . . . . , .80! -
30 50 55 Composition, Pearson Space
0
45001 . 20'
, ,
10
' . . .'. , . .'. . ! . .
80
!. ,... . ,
70
, I, , , , , , , , ,
Phase wt% C symbol group

(Ta) 0 to 0.5 c12 Im?m

aTazC 2.6 to 3.2 hP3 ~Tml
PTa2c 2.3 to 3.2 hP3 P631mmc
< -4.2 hR20 RTm
TaC 3.7 to 6.1 cF8 Fmxm
(C) 100 hP4 Pfdmmr

, , , .--
10 15 20
Weight P e r c e n t Carbon
2.1 141Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

R. Benz and P.L. Stone, 1969

Atomtc Percent Carbon
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Composition, Pearson Space
3000 P~R% wt96 c symbol grow

0 to 0.3 c12 lm3m

0 to ? cF4 Fmm
? cF 8 ~ m h
? to 9.2 cP12 Pa3
-8.1 to 9.1 tP6 P42Immc
-9.1 mC12 C2lc

0 1 2 3 4 5 8 7 B B 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3
Th Weight Percent Carbon

C-Ti J.L. Murray, 1987

Atorn~c Percent Carbon
o 10 20 30 40 50 60 Composition, Pearson Space
~hnw wt% c symbol group

(PTi) o to 0.2 ~12 1m3m

(aTi) 0 to 0.4 hP2 P6glmmc
Tic -10 to 19.3 cF 8 Fmh
Ti2C -10 to 12.4 cF48 ~dTm
(c) 100 hP4 P6slmmc

moc
-I&,

I.--(aTi)
5007 . .... ,....... . ., . . . , ,'. . . . . . ' . , . . . . . . . . . , k. .-. -
0 5 LO 15 20 25 30 35
TI We~ght Percent Carbon

C-U E.K. Storms, 1967; and R. Benz, 1969

Atomlc Percent Carbon
0 10 20 30 10 JO 80
Composition, Pearson Space
n w m Phnw wt% C symbol group

(YU) 0 c12 1mTm

(!m 0 tP30 P4dmnm
6 -4.3 to 8.9 cF 8 Fmm
E -7.6 to 8.7 t16 I4Immm
6 7.0 c140 1z3d

U Weight Percent Carbon

 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams/2*115

C-v H. Okamoto, 1991

A t o m ~ cP e r c e n t C a r b o n
o 3 0 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Composition, Pearson Space
5000 Phase wt% C symbol group

(V) 0 t o 1.0 el2 Im5m

aV,C 9.6 t o 10.4 oP12 Pbcn
PV~C 8.5 t o 10.8 hP3 P6gmmc(b)
P'v~c(a) -8.6 t o 9.9 hP9 P3 l m ( b )
V4C3 - r -13.6 hR20 R3m
VC(b) 12.3 t o 17.9 cF8 Fm?m
v6cdc) 15.1 t o 16.7 C44 82
vsc7 16.7 t o 17.9 cP60 P4132
P4332
('2) 100 hP4 P631mmc
(a) High-temperature form. (b) Either one or the other of these two space groups is in error, o r the
postulated h-ansition in the diagram is in error, with the transition being first order, requiring a two-phase
region between the ordered and disordered structures. (c) Enantiomorphic and twinned forms have been
described with other lattice parameters andlor space groups.

V W e ~ g h tP e r c e n t C a r b o n C

C-W R.V. Sara, 1965; and E. Rudy and J.R. Hoffman, 1967
Atomrc P e r c e n t Carbon
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% C symbol erous

0 el2 1mTm
-2.2 t o 3.3 ... ...
-2.7 t o 3.1 hP3 P631mmc
-2.7 t o 3.05 hP3 P5rn l
-3.7 t o 4.1 cF8 Fmm
6.1 hP 2 ~6m2

1000

W W e ~ g h tP e r c e n t C a r b o n

C-Y K.A. Cschneidner, Jr. and F.W. Calderwood, 1986

Atomlc Percent Carbon
10 20 30 40 50 80 Composition, Pearson Space
2500
Phase wt% C symbol group

2300 (aY) 0 t o 1.3 hP2 P63Imrnc

L (by) 0 t o 1.0 c12 Im5m
2100 y 2c -6.2 hR3 R5"
Y -3.7 t o 25.8 cF5 Fm3m
1900 aY~5C~9 14.6 tP68 ~ 4 2 , ~
U Y z W ~ ) -17 cI40 143d
u
2 1700 aYC2 -21.3 I16 I4/mmm
d
Q "PYC2" -21.3 cF12 Fm3m
1622'1 (c) 100 hP4 P6jlmmc
g ,2?2
F.
t-
(a) Metastable form produced under pressure at hlgh temperature
1300

1100

900

700
201 161Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

C-Zr H. Okamoto, 1990

Atomic P e r c e n t Carbon
0 20 40 50 60 70 80 90 Composition, Pearson Space
4000 wt% C symbol group

Zr Weight P e r c e n t Carbon C

Ca-Cd P.R. Subramanian, 1990

Atomlc P e r c e n t C a d m i u m
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Cd symbol group

FmJm
Im3m
P42_nrn
Pm3m
P63/mmc
lmma
P6/m
...
Im3
P63/mmc
(a) Below 443 ' C . (b) From 443 to 842 OC. (c) From 0 to 650 "C. (d) From 650 to 701 "C

Ca-Cu D.J.Chakrabarti and D.E. Laughlin, 1984

Atomic Percent Calcium Composition, Pearson Space
wt% Ca svmbol P~OUD

0 ) 0 cF4 Fmm
Cu5Ca 10.7 t o 11.4 hP6 P6/mmm
aCuCa(b) 38.7 mP20 p21/c
pCuCa(c) 38.7 of40 Pnma
CuCa2 55.8 of12 P n y
(aCa) loo cF4 Fm3m
( P W loo d2 Im3m
(a) A much wider homogeneity range (approximately 14.1 to 20 at W Ca) indicated. (b) High temperature;
94.3' interaxial angle. (c) Low temperamre

0 1 0 2 0 3 0 4 0 ~ 6 0 7 0 6 0 W 1 W
Cu Weight P e r c e n t C a l c l u m Ca
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams/2*117

Ca-Ga V.P. ltkin and C.B. Alcock, 1992

Atomlc P e r c e n t G a l l l u r n
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Ga symbol PUP

0 cF4 Fm3m
(PCa)(b) 0 cI2 1m3m
Ca2sca11 40.6 0178 Imm2
CaSGa3 51.1 tZ32 14lmcm
C a d h 52.6 cF144 Fm?m
CaGa 63.5 oC8 Cmcm
Ca3Ga, 72.4 oC32 Cmcm
CaCaz 77.7 hP6 P6glmmc
C ~ G ~ Z + ~ 78.5 to 80.7 hP3 P6lmmc
Ca3Gas 82.2 0122 Immm
CaGa, 87 mClO C2/m
(Ga) 100 oC8 Cmca
(a) 4 4 3 ' C . (b) From 443 to 842 OC

Ca Weight P e r c e n t Gallium Ga

Ca-Ge H. Okamoto, 1990

Atomlc P e r c e n t G e r r n a n ~ u m
Composition, Pearson Space
Phnse wt% Ge symbol group

(PW Im3m
Fm3m
Ca3,Ge FdZm
Ca7Ge Fm3m
CazGe Pnma
Ca5Ge3 14/mcm
CaCe Cmcm
CaGe2 RTm
(Ge) Fm3m

Ca-Hg P.R. Subramanian, 1990

Atomlc P e r c e n t Mercury
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 100 Composition, Pearson Space
1100 Phase wt% Hg symbol group

Fm?m
ImTm
P y a
143m
Pnma
I4lmcm
P4lmbm
Pm3m
P?m I
Pblmmm
P631mmc
P6lm
...
R?m
(a) Below 443 T . (b) From 443 to 842 OC

0 10 20 30 40 50 80 70 80 90 100
Ca W e ~ g h t P e r c e n t Mercury Hg

---- -. - - .- - -- - - --- -
201 18/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Ca-In H. Okamoto, V.P. Itkin, and C.B. Alcock, 1992

Atomic Percent lndium
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1 Composition, Pearson Space
1 0 0 0 ~
Phnse w1% In symbol group

(PW 0 c12 I ~ L
(aW o cF4 ~m3m
Ca,In 49 cF16 Fmzm
CaIn 74.1 cP2 Pm3m
CaInz 85.2 hP6 P6glmmc
(In) 100 r12 I4/mmm

Ca Weight Percent Indium

Ca-Li C.W. Bale and A.D. Pelton, 1987

A t o m ~ cPercent Lithlum
Compwition, Pearson Space
Phnse wt% Li symbol group

(aW o cF4 ~m?m

(PCa) o ~12 1m3m
CaLi2 87.4 hP12 P63/mmc
(aLi) 100 hP2 P63/mmc
(PLi) 100 cI2 ~m?m

Ca Weight Percent L ~ t h i u m Li

Ca-Mg

1000

800
, 1 , 2
Atomic Percent Calcium
, ,3? , 4? , 5: ,ep 7t 1 e4Pc
Phnse

(Mg)
MgnCa
(PW
A.A. Nayeb-Hashemiand J.B. Clark, 1988
Composition,
wt% Ca

0
45.2
100
Pearson
symbol

hP2
hP12
d2
Space
group

P6=&nc
P63/-mmc
Im3m
(aW 100 C F ~ Fmm

Weight Percent Calcium Ca

 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams/2.119

Ca-Na A.D. Pelton, 1985

Atomlr Percent Sodlurn
70 80 90 I00 Composition, Pearson Space
----T_rC__b Phme wt% Na symbol group

(aW o cF4 ~mSm

(PC4 0 to -4.4 c12 lm3m
(PNa) 100 ~12 Im3m
(aNa) 100 hP2 P6dmmc

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 00 100
Ca W e ~ g h tPercent S o d i u m Na

Ca-Nd K.A. Gschneidner, Jr. and F.W. Calderwood, 1987

Atornlc Percent Calclurn
00 100 Composition, Pearson Space
Phaw wt% Ca symbol fFwP

(aNd) 0 hP4 P631mmc

(PNd) 0 cf2 1m3m
(aCa) 99.5 to 100 cF4 Fmm
(PW 99.6 to 100 c12 1m5m

300
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Nd W e l g h t Percent Calcium Ca

Ca-Ni H. Okamoto, 1991

A t o r n ~ cP e r c e n t N ~ c k e l
0 Composition, Pearson Space
O
O
&
iofl 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 00 100 Phase wt% Ni symbol zrow

(PW
(aW
CaNiz
Ca2Nis(a)
CaNi,
Ca2Ni7
CaNiS
(Ni)
(a) Not shown o n diagram
2.1 20/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Ca-0 (condensed system) H.A. Wriedt, 1985

Atomic P e r c e n t Oxygen
o 10 20 30 40 50 Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% 0 symbol

Ca-Pb V.P. ltkin and C.B. Alcock, 1992

Atormr I'rrcent Lead
u 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 100 Composition, Pearson Space
phase wt% ~b symbol group

(aCa) o cF4 Fm3m

(Wa) 0 cIZ Im3m
Ca2Pb 72.1 oP 12 Pnma
Ca5Pb3 75.6 hP48 P63Im~
CaPb 83 8 tP4 P4Im-mm
CaPb3 94 cP4 Pm2m
(Pb) 99.9 to 100 cF4 Fm3m

27 502.C

Ca W e ~ g h t P e r c e n t Lead Pb

Ca-Pd H. Okamoto, 1992

Atomic P e r c z n t P a l l a d i u m
Composition, Pearson Space
I600 Phase wt% Pd symbol group

(Wa) Im3m
Fm3m
Ca9Pd ...
Ca3Pd Pnma
CaSPdz C2/c
Ca3Pd2 R3
CaPd Pm3m
CaPd2 FdTm
CaPd5 P61mmm
(Pd) Fm3m

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 80 100
Ca W e ~ g h tP e r c e n t Palladium Pd
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams/2.121

Ca-Pt P.R. Subramanian, 1990

Atarnlc P e r c e n t P l a t l n u n l
20 30 40 50 60 70 80 100 Composition, Pearson Space
Phaw wt% Pt symbol group

(aCa) 0 cF4 Fm3m

(PW 0 ~ 1 2 1m7m
Cash2 66.1 mC28 C2/c
Cash 74.5 1132 14/mcm
Ca3Rz 76 hR45 R!
CaR2 -90.7 cF24 Fd3m
Ca2Pt1 -94.5 hP36 P631mmc
CaF't, 96.0 hP6 P6/m-m
(Pt) 100 cF4 Fm3m

200

Ca W e ~ g h tP e r c e n t P l a t ~ n u m

Ca-Sb P.R. Subramanian, 1990

Alornlc P e r c e n t Antlmonv
Composition, Pearson Space
Phise wt% S b symbol group

(aCa) o cF4 Fmm

( P W 0 to 10.7 ~ 1 2 1m3m
Ca2Sb -60.3 1/12 I4lmmm
1114(b) I4lmmm
aCa5Sb3(a) -64.6 oP32 Pnm
PCasSbdb) -64.6 hP16 P63lmcm
CallSb~o -73.4 tI84 14Immm
CaSb(c) 75 cF 8 F43m
CaSb2 -85.9 mP6 P2~lm
(Sb) 98.0 to 100 hR 2 R3m
(a) Room temperature modification. (b) Hlgh-temperature modification; allotropic transformation
temoerature unknown. (cl Not shown on diagram

Ca Welght P e r c e n l A n t ~ r n o n y

Ca-Si P.R. Subramanian, 1990

Atornlc P e r c e n t S111con
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase w i % Si symbol group
- - -

( a W o cF4 F ~ J ~
(PW o ~ 1 2 1m3m
Ca2Si 25.9 oP12 Pnm
Ca5Si3 29.6 t132 I4lmcm
CaSi 41.2 oC8 Cmcm
Ca3Si4 -48.3 ... ...
CaSi2 58.4 hR6 R5m
(si) 100 cF8 Fd3m
High-pressure phase
CaSi2(a) 58.4 1112 I4llamd
(a) Prepared by high-(emperaturelhlgh-pressure treatment of rhombohedra1 CaSi2 at 1000 to IS00 "C and
40 kbar, followed by quenching to ambient conditions

Ca W e ~ g h tP e r c e n t S ~ l l c o n S1

- -- -- - -- -- -- -
2.1 221Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Ca-Sr C.B. Alcock and V.P. Itkin, 1986

Atomic P e r c e n t S t r o n t i u m
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Sr symbol group

(aCa, aSr) 0 to 100 cF4 Fm3m

(PCa, PSr) o to 100 CI 2 1m3m

(BCa.BSd

200

Ca Weight P e r c e n t S t r o n t ~ u r n Sr

P.R. Subramanian, 1990

A t o m ~ cP e r c e n t Thallium Composition, Pearson Space
30 40 50 60 70 80 100
phase wt% TI symbol group

Wa) 0 cF4 ~msm

(PW o c12 Im3m
Ca3T1 63 cF16 F~%I
CaSTlz -67.1 ... ...
CaTI 83.6 cP2 pm?m
Ca3T14 -87.2 ... ...
CaT13 94 cP4 pm?m
-99.6 hP2 P631mmc
(PTU -99.5 c12 1m3m

Ca Welght P e r c e n t T h a l h u m T1

Ca-Yb K.A. Gschneidner, Jr. and F.W. Calderwood, 1987

Alornlc P e r c e n t Calclurn Composition, Pearson Space
p - 3 ~ & - 7 p. . P
. . . .,..- P
-..
80
PPhase
90 wt% Ca symbol group

(aYb) o hP2 P63lmmc

(PYb) 0 rF4 ~m3m
Wb) 0 1.12 1m3m
(aC4 loo cF4 Fm?m
(PW loo ~12 1m3m

400
0 10 20 30 40 50
-____
80 70 80
_..7.'
00
t
100
Yb Welght Percent Calclurn Ca
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams/2.123

Ca-Zn V.P. ltkin and C.B. Alcock, 1990

A t o m l r P e r c e n t Zlnc Pearson Space
Composition,
20
phase wt% Zn symbol group

(PW 1m5m
(aC4 ~m7m
Ca3Zn Cmcm
CasZn3 I4/mcm
CaZn Cmcm
CaZn2 Imma
CaZnz P63Immc
CaZnS P6/mmm
CaZn, , 1411amd
Fm3c
CaZn,,
(Zn) P63lmmc

0 10 20 30
Ca Welght P e r c e n t Zlnc Zn

Cd-Cu P.R. Subramanian and D.E. Laughlin, 1990

1200+&-'1~.lr~--r--t--T--1
Atomlc P e r c e n t C a d r n ~ u m
20 30 10 50 60 70 80 90 loto phase
Composition,
wt% c d
Pearson
symbol
Space
group

0 ) 0 to 3.6 cF4 ~m3m

P 46.9 hP24 P631mmc
Y 56.0 to 58.3(a) cF1124 F43m
6 65.9 to 77 el52 ...
E 84.6 to 85.9 hP28 P631mmc
(Cd) -99.9 to 100 hP2 P631mmc
(a) At 300 "C

K.A. Gschneidner, Jr. and F.W. Calderwood, 1988

Composition, Pearson Space
phase wt% c d symbol group

(Eu) 0 c12 1m5m

EuCd(a) 38.2 cP2 ~ m j m
EuCd2 59.7 0112 Imma
Eu,Cd, 66.3 (b) ...
EUI~C~SI 73.0 hP65 P6Im
EUI~C~SS 76.8 hP142 P63l~mc
EuCd6 81.6 ~1168 Im3
EuCd,, 88.8 to 89.1 1148 I4lamd
(Cd) 100 hP2 P631mmc
(a) Defect structure reported as Eu6Cd5. (b) Structure not known

('d
2.1 24/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Z. Moser, J.Dutkiewicz, W. Gasior, and J. Salawa, unpublished

Atomlc Percent Gallium
Composition, Pearson Space
350
Phme wt% Ga symbol group

(Cd) 0 hP2 P631mmc

(Ga) 100 oC8 Cmca

Cd Weight Percent Gallium Ga

Cd-Gd K.A. Gschneidner, Jr. and F.W. Calderwood, 1988

Atornlc Percent C a d r n ~ u m
M 0 0 p 2 8
0 30 p
40 50 - A - Composition, Pearson Space
Phw wt% Cd symbol group
1313.C
(aGd) 0 to -3.6 hP2 P63/mmc
(PGd) 0 to -17 cI2 1m5m
GdCd 41.7 cP? Pmm
GdCd, 58.9 hP3 P3ml
GdCd3 68 hPX Pbdrnmc
Gd11Cd45 74.6 cF448 F43m
Gd13Cd58 76.1 hP142 P631cmc
GdCd6 81.1 dl68 Im3
(Cd) 100 hP2 P63lmmc

Gd We~ght Percent Cadmium Cd

Cd-Ge R.W. Olesinski and G.J. Abbaschian, 1986

Atorn~c Percent C a d m ~ u r n
Composition, Pearson Space
Phme wt% Cd symbol group

(Ge) 0.0 cF8 FdTm

GeII(HP) 0.0 t14 I 4 lamd
(Cd) 100 hP2 P63Jmmc

Ge Weight Percent Cadmium Cd

 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrarns/2*125

Cd-Hg C. Guminski and L.A. Zabdyr, 1992

A t o r n ~ c P e r c e n t Mercury
0 10 20 30 10 50 60 70 80 90 100 Composition, Pearson Space
haw wt% tig symbol group

(Cd) 0 to 37 hP2 P63lmmc

0 42 to 94 t12 I4/mmm
0' 47 to 56 116 I4lmmm
0
'' 71 to 81 t16 I4/mmm
(aHg)(a) 98 t o 100 h~ 1 R3m
(PHg)(b) -100 t12 I41mmm
35m;3~ (a) From -38.8290 to -193 OC at 100 wl% Hg. (b) Below -193 "C

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Cd Weight P e r c e n t Mercury Hg

J. Dutkiewicz, L.A. Zabdyr, W. Zakulski, Z. Moser, J.Salawa,

P.J. Horrocks, F.H. Hayes, and M.H. Rand, 1992
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% In symbol group

0 t o 1.4 hP2 P631mmc

22.2 to 26.2 cP4 Pmf m
81.1 t o 9 4 cF4 Fm3m
94 t o 100 r12 I4/mmm

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Cd Welght P e r c e n t l n d ~ u r n In

Cd-La K.A. Gschneidner, Jr. and F.W. Calderwood, 1988

Atomlc P e r c e n t C a d m l u m
Composition, Pearson Space
haw wt% Cd symbol group

(aLa) 0 hP4 P631mmc

(@-a) o to -2.0 cF4 F ~ S ~
(?'La) o to -18 C I ~ 1m7m
LaCd 44.7 cP2 PmSm
LaCdz 61.8 hP 3 P3ml
La~3Cd58 78.3 hP142 P631mmc
LazCd17 85.8 hP38 P63/yc
LaCd, 89 .9 cP36 Pm3m
(Cd) 100 hP2 P6dmmc

0 10 20 30 40 50 80 70 80 90 100
La W e ~ g h tP e r c e n t C a d m ~ u m Cd
2.1 26/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Cd-Li A.D. Pelton, 1988

Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Li symbol group

(Cd) 0 to 2.6 hP2 P63/mmc

Cd3Li 2? to 2.5 hP2 P63lmmc
CdLi 3.6 to 18 cF16 Fdzm
CdLi3 lo? to 18 cF4 Fm3m
(PLi) 22 to 100 c12 ImTm
(aLi)(a) 100 hP2 P63lmmc
(a) Below -193 -C

50

Cd Weight P e r c e n t L i t h ~ u r n Li

Cd-Mg Z. Moser, W. Gasior, J. Wypartowicz, and 1. Zabdyr, 1984

Atomic Percent Magnesium
Composition, Pearson Space
7M Phme wt% Mg symbol group
-

(Cd, Mg) 0 to 100 hP 2 P631mmc

a' or Cd,Mg 7 to 9 hP8 P63lmmc
a" or CdMg 12 to 25 oP4 Pmma
a"' or CdMg3 29 to 50 hP8 P63lmmc

Cd Weight Percent Magnesium Mg

Cd-Na A.D. Pelton, 1988

A t o r n ~ c Percent Sodlurn
90 Composition, Pearson Space
wt% Na symbol group

(Cd) 0 hP2 P63lmmc

C ~1Na2
I 3.9 cP39 Pm5
Cd2Na(a) 9.3 cF1192 ...
(PW 100 ~12 Im3m
(aNa)(b) 100 hP2 P63lmmc
(a) Complex cubic structure that corresponds to the formula c d ~ . ~ at
~N a wt% Na. (b) Below -237
0.070
"C

Cd Welght P e r c e n i S o d ~ u m Na
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagramsl2.127

Cd-Ni F.A. Shunk and P. Nash, 1991

Atornlc P e r c e n t N ~ c k e l
10 20 30 40 SO 60 70 80 90 Composition, Pearson Space
Phw wi% Ni symbol group

Cd W e l ~ h tP e r c e n t Nickel NI

H. Okamoto, 1990
Atomlc Percent Phosphorus
Composition, Pearson Space
0 10 20 30 40 50 GO 70 80
Phape wt% P symbol group

(Cd) 0 hP2 P63/mmc

Cd3P2 16 r140 P42/nmc
Cd6P7 24.3 c*52 ...
Cd7P~o 24.3 oF136 Fdd2
PCdPz 55.6 tP24 P43212
aCdP, 35.6 oP12 Pna2 1
CdP4 52.4 mPlO P2 I/C

Cd W e ~ g h tP e r c e n t P h o s p h o r u s

Cd-Pb J. Dutkiewicz, Z. Moser, and W. Zakulski, 1988

A t o m i c P e r c e n t Lead
30 10 50 GO 70 80 90 100 Composition, Pearson Space
Phape wt% Pb symbol group

:3 2 1 . 5 0 ~ ~ (Cd) 0 hP2 P631pmc

(Pb) 96.7 to 100 cF4 Fm3m

0 10 20 30 40 SO 60 70
Cd Welght P e r c e n t Lead
201 28/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Cd-Sb H. Okamoto, 1990

Atomlc Percent Antlmony
) Composition, Pearson Space
630.766C Phase wt% s b symbol group

(Cd) 0 hP2 P63lmmc

CdSb 52.0 to 53 of16 Pbca
(Sb) 100 hR2 R3m
Metastable phases
Cd3Sb2 42 m820 ...
Cd4Sbs 44.9 hR* ...

200

Cd Weight Percent Antimony Sb

Cd-Se R.C. Sharma and Y.A. Chang, unpublished

Atomlc Percent Selenlum
Composition, Pearson Space
Pha wt% Se symbol group

(Cd) 0 hP2 P6glmmc

aCdSe 41.3 hP4 P63mc
PCdSe(a) 41.3 CF8 Fmm
(Se) 100 hP3 P3121
(a) High-pressure phase

Cd Weight Percent Selenium Se

Cd-Sm K.A. Gschneidner, Jr. and F.W. Calderwood, 1988

Atomlc Percent Cadmium
0 10 20 30 40 50 80 70 80 W 100 Composition, Pearson Space
1200
wt% Cd symbol group

hR3 R3m
hP2 P63Immc
cI2 Im3m
cPZ Prnm
hP3 P3ml
cF448 Fq3m
hP142 P63l~mc
dl68 Im3
cP36 Pm7m
hP2 P6dmmc
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagramsl2.129

J. Dutkiewicz, L.A. Zabdyr, Z. Moser, and J . Salawa, 1989

Composition, Pearson Space
Phw wt% Sn symbol group

(Cd) 0 to 0.25 hP2 P63lmmc

P 94.3 to 99.1 hP2 P631mmc
(Sn) 98.9 to 100 tr4 14 I lamd

Cd-Sr H. Okamoto, 1990

Atomlc P e r c e n t S i r o n t ~ u m
Composition, Pearson
Phase wt% Sr symbol

(Cd) 0 P63lmmc
Cd, ,Sr 6.6 I4 llarnd
Cd$r 11.5 ...
Cd9Srz 14.8 ...
CdzSr 28.0 Imma
CdSr 43.8 PmJm
WSrs 56.5 I4lmcm
(PW loo Im?m
(aSr) 100 Fmm

Cd Welght P e r c e n t Strontium Sr

Cd-Te R.C. Sharma and Y.A. Chang, 1989

Atomic P e r c e n t T e l l u r ~ u m Composition, Pearson Space
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Phw wt% Te symbol group

(Cd) 0 hP2 P631mmc

aCdTe 53.2 cF8 Fx3m
PCdTe(a) 53.2 cF8 FmJm
yCdTe(a) 53.2 114 14,lamd
(Te) 100 hP3 P3121
(a) Hlgh-pressure phase
201 30/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Cd-Th J.Dutkiewicz, unpublished

Atomic Percent Thorium - --

Composition, Pearson Space

Phase wt% Th symbol group

(Cd) 0 hP2 P63lmmc

C ~ I I T ~ 15.79 cP3 6 PmSm
Cd5Th 29.2 1 hP36 P631~mc
Cdz3Th6 35.00 cF116 Fm3m
Cd3Th 41 hP8 P63lmmc
Cd2Th 50.79 hP3 P6Immrn
CdTh 67.4 oP24 ...
(aTh) 100 cF4 F ~ S ~
(BTh) 100 cI2 Im%n

100
Cd Weight Percent Thorium Th

H. Okamoto, 1990
-
A t o m l c Percent T h a l l ~ u r n
Composition, Pearson Space
3X) Phase wt% TI symbol group

(Cd) 0 hP2 P63/ymc

(P'W 97.5 to 100 el2 Im3m
-98 to 100 hP 2 P6sImmc

K.A. Cschneidner, Jr. and F.W. Calderwood, 1988

A t a r n ~ cPercent Cadrnlum
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Cd symbol group

(ay) 0 hP2 P631mmc

(by) 0 d2 lmjm
YCd 55.8 cP2 ~m%n
YCd, 71.7 hP3 P3ml
YCd3 79 oc16 Cmcm
YIIC~IS 83.8 cF448 F43m
Y13Cd58 85.0 hP142 P63/m_mc
Y Cd6 88.3 dl68 Im3
(Cd) 100 hP2 P6slmmc

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Y Welght Percent Cadmlum Cd
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams/2.131

Cd-Y b K.A. Gschneidner, jr. and F.W. Calderwood, 1988

Atomlc Percent Cadmium
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Composition, Pearson Space
900
Phase wt% Cd symbol group

(Wb) 0 to -0.91 cF4 Fm%

(YY~) 0 to -2.2 c12 lm3m
YbCd 39.4 cP2 PmSm
YbCd, 56.5 hP12 P63lmmc
Yb3Cd8 63.4 ... ...
Yb14Cds1 70.3 hP65 P6/m
YbCd5 7 78.8 ... ...
YbCd6 79.6 c1168 lm5
(Cd) 100 hP2 P63Immc

Yb We~ghtPercent C a d m ~ u m

Cd-Zn J.Dutkiewicz and W. Zakulski, 1984

A t o r n ~ cPercent Zlnc
0 I0 20 30 10 50 60 70 80 90 IW Composition, Pearson Space
450 0 Phase wt% Zn symbol group

(Cd) 0 to 2.58 hP2 P631mmc

(zn) 97.52 to 100 hP2 P6slmmc

5 :

250 -

f -- (Cd) (Zn)--;

2
0
0
10 20
0
30
~
40 50
-
60 70 80
..- ,90
7
1W
Cd We~ght Percent Zmc Zn

Ce-Co K.A. Gschneidner, Jr. and M.E. Verkade. 1974

Atornlc Percent Cobalt
0 10 20 30 40 50 80 90 Composition, Pearson Space
Phase w t l Co symbol group
I

We) 0 ~12 lm5m

) 0" ( o cF4 ~m3m
Ce24Co11 16.1 hP70 P63/mc
CeCoz 45.7 cF24 Fc3m
CeCo, 56 hR12 R3m
Ce2C07 59.6 hP36 P63Lmmc
Ce5Co19 61.1 hR24 R3m
CeCo5 67.7 hP6 P6lmmm
Bce~co17 78.2 hP38 P63lmmc
aCe2Co17 78.2 hR19 R3m
(aCo) 100 C F ~ ~m3m
(ECO) 100 hP 2 P631mmc

Ce Weight Percent Cobalt Co

-- - ----- ----- ----". -- * -- -

201 32/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Ce-Cu P.R. Subramanian and D.E. Laughlin, 1988

-
A t o m ~ cPercent Cerlum
0 10 20 30 40 50 80 70 80 80 I00
Composition, Pearson Space
1200 Phase wt9b Ce symbol group

0 cF4 Fmm
-26.88 om8 Pnma
-30.61 hP6 P6/mmm
-35.5 oP20 Pnnm
Imma
Pnm
Im3m
~mTm
P63/mmc
FmTm

Welght Percent Cerium Ce

Ce-Fe W. Zhang, C . Liu, and K. Han, 1992

Atomic Percent Cerium
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Composition, Pearson Space
1600 0 Phase wt% Ce symbol group

Fe Weight Percent Cerium Ce

Enlargement of the Ce-rich portion of the Fe-Ce phase diagram

W e ~ g h tPercent Cerlum Ce
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagramsl2.133

Ce-Ga H. Okamoto, 1990

Atornlc P e r c e n t Certurn
Composition, Pearson Space
l 6 20 0 30 4
00 50 60 + 70 80 90 ~ Phase wt% Ce symbol group

(Ga) 0 oC8 Cmca

PGa6Ce 21.1 ... ...
aGa6Ce 21.1 t114 P4/nbm
Ga2Ce ? to 44.6 hP3 P6/mmm
GaCe 61.7 oC8 Cmcm
Ga2Ce3 71 tP20 P4dmnm
Ga,Ce~(a) 73 tI32 14/mcm
GaCe, 83 cP4 ~m3m
We) 100 ~12 1m3m
We) 100 cF4 F ~ T ~
(!-We) 100 hP4 P63/mmc
(a) Not shown in the diagram

Ca Welght Percent C e r ~ u m Ce

Ce-Ge A.B. Gokhale and G.J. Abbaschian, 1989

Atomlc P e r c e n t C e r r n a n ~ u m
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Composition, Pearson Space
1600 Phpw wt% Ge symbol group

...
P6glmcm
143d
938.3.C Pnma
Pnma
Imma
141/amd
FdSm
(a) From 798 to 726 "C. (b) From 726 to 61 "C "C on heating, 16 T on cooling). (c) From 61 to
-177 "C. (d) Below -177 'C. (e) Orthorhombic

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Ce W e ~ g h tP e r c e n t Gerrnan~urn Ce

Ce-In H. Okamoto, 1992

Atomlc Percent Indlurn
Composition, Pearson Space
1
0
4
10
0
20
0
30 40
~
50
- +-.-.T-- Phpw wt% In symbol group

1mIim
FmJm
P63/mrnc
FmSm
Fm3m
Pmm
P63Immc
...
...
Cmcm
Imma
PmJm
14/mmm

Welght Percent Indlurn

2.1 34/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Ce-lr H. Okamoto, 1991

Atomle Percent l r ~ d i u m
I p 3 0 40 50 80 70 80 90 Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wi% Ir symbol group

We) 0 ~ 1 2 Im3m
We) 0 cF4 Fmm
We) 0 hP4 P631mmc
(ace) o C F ~ F ~ T ~
Ce41r 26 ... ...
Ce31r 31 ... ...
Ce71r3 37 hP20 P63mc
Ce51r3 45.1 tP32 P41ncc
Ce51r4 52.3 of36 Pn-ma
CeIr2 70 to 76 cF24 Fd3m
CeIr3 81 hR12 R2m
Ce21r7 82.8 hRlX R3m
CeIr5 87.2 cF24 F4jm
(10 100 cF4 Fm3m

Ce W e ~ g h tP e r c e n t l r ~ d i u m

Ce-Mg A.A. Nayeb-Hashemi and J.B. Clark, 1988

Atomic P e r c e n t Cerium
Composition, Pearson Space
Phme wt% Ce symbul group

(Mg) 0 to 0.52 hP2 P63lmmc

Mgl2CeU) 32.44(a,b) t126 I4Immm
MgdXII) 32.44(b) 013 3 8 (Immm)
Mg~o.3Ce 35.89(a) hP38 P631mmc
Mg4~Ce~ 41.28(a) tI92 [4/m
Mace ? to 66 cF16 Fm2m
Mg2Ce 74.24(a) c~24 ~ d ~ m
MgCe 85.22 cP2 Pm3m
We) ? t o loo ~ 1 2 1m3m
We) 98.5 to 100 cF4 FmTm
(a) Appears to be a line compound. The composition range, if any, is unknown. (b) Composition has not
been established with certainty. (c) The NiI7Th2structure type is taken from the homologous Mg-Nd
system. In the Mg-Ce system, the Ni17Th2 structure has not yet been found.

W e ~ g h tP e r c e n t Cerium Ce

Ce-Mn A. Palenzona and S. Cirafici, unpublished

ALorn~cPercent Manganese
o 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 QO
Composition, Pearson Space
1400
+
+
-
-.
-
-.
,A
...
,
.
n.+
.
. _ _ C _ _ r _ - 7 Phaw wt% Mn symbol group

200 --. 100

Ce W e ~ g h tP e r c e n t Manganese Mn
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrarns/2@135

Ce-Ni P. Nash and C.H. Tung, 1991

,600y Aturnlc P e r c e n t N l c k r l
00
Phase
Composition,
wt% Ni
Pearson
symbol
Space
group

Fmrn
Im?m
P63mc
Cmcm
FdTm
P63lmmc
P631rnrnc
P6/1ym
Fm3m
(a) Hexagonal. (b) Solubility of Ce in Ni is 0.05 at.% Ce at 1200 "C and 0.04 at.% Ce at r w m temperature;
data were obtained from pure Ni.

P.R. Subramanian, 1990

Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wi% 0 symbd group

(aCe)(a) -0 cF4 Fm3m

(PCe)(b) -0 hP4 P631mm~
We)@) -0 cF4 Fm3m
(SCe)(d) -0 c12 ImTm
CeO -10.2 cF8 Fm?m
Ce203 -15 hP5 P3m 1
"C-C203" (e, g) 15.86 to 16.16 el80 la%
Ce7012 16.3 to 16.43 hR22 R?
lffl -16.90 hR? ...
Kg) -17.1 to 17.2 hR? ...
Ce6011(h) -17.3 mP? p21/"
CeO, -18.6 cF12 Frn3m
CeO26) -18.6 hP48 ...
High-pressure phase

(a) Below room temperature (b) Up to 61 "C. (c) From 61 to 726 "C. (d) From 726 to 798 "C. (e)
High-temperature phase; stable above -590 'C. (f) R e p n e d to be y f o m of Ce203, perhaps a compound with
Weight P e r c e n t O x y g e n
P
stoichiometry CegO16. wlth monoclmic or lower symmetry. (g) Reported to be form of Ce20, perhaps a
compound with stoichiometry CeloOls with monoclinic or lower symmeuy. (h) ~i~h-tempera;ure phase.
r e p n e d to k stable between 790 and 85b T . (j) Reported to be high-temperature phase, observed at 1340 T:
(k) High-pressure phase, formed by reaction of Ce and Ce02 at 700 "C and 15 kbar pressure

Ce-Pd H. Okamoto, 1991

Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Pd symbol group

(SCe) 0 c12 Im5m

We) o cF4 ~ m m
We) 0 hP4 P63/mmc
(ace) o C F ~ ~mTm
Ce7Pd, P63mc
Ce,Pd, ...
PCePd Pnma
aCePd Cmcm
Ce,Pd, R3m
Ce,Pds P65m
CePd, Pm3m
PCePdS ...
aCePdS ...
CePd, Fmzm
( W Fm3m

Ce Weight P e r c e n t P a l l a d ~ u m Pd
2.1 36/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Ce-Pu J.E. Selle and D.E. Etter, 1964

Atornlc Percent C e r i u m
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Ce symbol group

(EPu) 0 to 9 cI2 Im?m

(6'Pu) 0 tI2 I4lmmm
(@u) 0 to 15.4 cF4 ~m?m
(Ypu) 0 uF8 Fddd
(PPu) 0 mC34 12Im
(ah) 0 m~16 P2dm
We) 7 2 to 100 CIZ 1m3m
We) 53 to loo C F ~ ~ m m
(We) 100 hP4 P63/mm~
(ace) 100 cF4 F ~ T ~

K.A. Gschneidner, Jr. and M.E. Verkade, 1974

Atornlc Percent S u l f u r
20 Composition, Pearson Space
26007! . . . .30! . , . . . . . .10' . . . , . , , . , . 50' . , , , , , . . . . . . , 60 70
! . . . . . . , . , . . . . . . , , . ' i Phase wt% S symbol group

W e ~ g h t Percent S u l f u r

Ce-Si A. Munitz, A.B. Gokhale, and G.J. Abbaschian, 1989

Atornlc Percent Slllcon
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Si symbol group

GCe(a) 0 cI2 Im5m

YcO) 0 cF4 FmTm
PC&) 0 hP4 P63Immc
aCe(d) 0 cF4 FmTm
Ce5Si3 10.7 tI32 14lmcm
Ce3Si2 12 tPl0 P4lmbm
CeSSid 13.8 (e) ...
CeSi 16.7 up8 Pnmo
Ce3Si5 25.0 (0 Immo
CeSi2 26 to 28.62 1112 14110md
Si 100 cF8 FdTm
SiII(H.P.) 100 t14 14110md
,,,,
a , , , ,, ,# (a) From 798 to >726 OC. (b) From 726 to >61 "C (139 O C on healing, 16 O C on cooling). (c) From 61 "C
to ? (d) <I77 "C. (e) Tetragonal. (f) Orthorhombic

0 10 20 30 10 50 80 70 80 80 100
Ce Weight Percent Silicon SI
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams/2.137

Ce-Sn H. Okamoto, 1990

Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Sn symbol group

1m3m
Fmm
P6jlmmr
~m%n
Pmm
P63Imcm
I4lmcm
Pnma
14/mmm
Cmrm

Ce-Te H. Okamoto, 1990

A t o m ~ cP e r c e n t T e l l u r ~ u r n
2my
I-- Phase
50 BO 70 80 90
Composition,
wt% Te
Pearson
symbol
Space
group

We)
We)
We)
CeTe
Ce3Te4
Ce,Te, ...
CeTez P4lnmm
Ce2Te5 Cmcm
CeTe, Cmcm
(Te) P3121

3
4
, , . . ,
, 0 8 8 ,
.
3

2m
0 10 70 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Ce W e ~ g h tP e r c e n t T e l l u r ~ u r n

Ce-Ti J.L. Murray, 1987

Atamlc Percent Cerium
0 10 70 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1
Composition, Pearson Space
-> , 1 , 9 , 8 , 8 *-.A*. Phase wt% Ce symbol group

TI W e ~ g h tP e r c e n t C e r ~ u m Ce

-- .- --- -- .
20138/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Ce-TI S. Delfino, A. Saccone, A. Palenzona, and R. Ferro, unpublished

A t o m ~ rPercent Thalllum
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Composition, Pearson Space
-0041 -++ ,?-+--A-"7A7
Phase wt% TI symbol group

10'C (ace) o C F ~ ~mSm

(PCe) 0 hP4 P631mmc
We) o to 4 cF4 F ~ T ~
(ace) o to 13 ~12 ~mTm
Ce3Tl(a) -32.1 to -33.3 cP4 Pmb
-33 cF4 FmTm
Ce2TI -42 ... ...
Ce5T13 -46 to -47 tI32 I4lmcm
CeTl(b) -53 to -60 cP2 PmSm
(or cI2) Im3m
CeTl(c) -53 to -60 tP2 P4lmmm
Ce3T15 -70 to -71 oC32 Cmcm
CeT1, 81 cP4 ~ m j m
(PTU 100 cI2 Im3m
(aT0 100 hP2 P631mmc
(a) A cP4-cF4 order-disorder transformation in this phase has been suggested. (b) Cubic structure
presumed to be room- and high-temperature phases. ( c ) Tetragonal structure presumed to be low-
v
80 temperature phase
Ce Weight P e r c e n t T h a l l ~ u m

Ce-Zn H. Okamoto, 1990

A t o m ~ cP e r c e n t Zinc
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Zn symbol group

(ace) o C I ~ Im3m
We) o cF4 F ~ S ~
(We) o h ~ 4 P63lmmc
(ace) o cF4 ~ m m
CeZn 31.8 cP2 PmTm
CeZn2 48.3 0112 Imma
CeZn, 58 oC16 Cmcm
CesZn~I 63.2 0128 Immm
Ce~3Zns8 67.6 hP142 P6gmc
CeZn5 70.0 hP6 P6lmmm
Ce3Zn2z 77 tll00 I 4 1lamd
CezZn17 79.9 hR19 R7m
CeZn, 83.8 tI48 14]lamd
(Zn) 100 hP2 P63lmmc

6(
Weight P e r c e n t Zlnc

H. Okamoto, 1990
Atomic P e r c e n t Chlorine
0 20 40 50 60 Composition, Pearson Space
800 . '
10
, . ' , . 30
,'. , . . ! . , . , I . . . . . . , ' . - Phase wt% C I symbol group

L (Cs) 0 cI2 ImXm

PCsCl 21.1 cF8 Fm3m
aCsCl 21.1 cP2 Pm3m
(C1) 100 oC8 Cmca

Cs Weight P e r c e n t Chlorlne
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams/2*139

H. Okamoto, 1990
Composilion, Pearson Space
Phzse wt% CI symbol group

(Gal 0 oC8 Cmca

PGaC12 50.5 rP24 Pnma
aGaC12 50.5 ... ...
G&l9 53.3 ... ...-
GaCI, 60 aP8 P1
(Cf) 100 oC8 Cmca

CI-Hg H. Okamoto, 1990

Atomic P e r c e n t Chlonne
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase w t % CI symbol erouu

0 h~ I R T ~
15.0 t18 I4lmmm
26.1 oP12 Pmnb
100 oC8 Cmca

H. Okamoto, 1992
Composition, Pear son Space
Phase wt% CI symbol group

(In) 0 tl2 I4/mmm

PInCl 23.6 oC8 Cmcm
aInCl 23.6 cP64 Pz13
In,C14 29.1 ... ...
W X U 32 0*30 ...
In2CI,(II) 32 r*45 ...
In2C13(III) 32 hP * ...
PIn~clda) 35.7 ... ...
aInSC19(a) 35.7 ... ...
PInCI2 38.2 om4 Pnna
aInC12 38.2 m** ...
InC13 48 mC16 C21m
(CI) 100 oC8 Cmca
(a) Or In4CI7

0,
In Welght Percent C h l o r l n e C1
201 401Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

CI-Na H. Okamoto, 1990

Atomic P e r c e n t Chlorine
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 9i. 100 Composition, Pearson Space
1400 Phsse wl% CI symbol group

(Na) o ~12 ~mTm

NaCl 60.7 cFX Fm3m
(cl) 100 oC8 Cmca

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Na Weight P e r c e n t C h l o r ~ n e C1

Co-Cr K. lshida and 1. Nishizawa, 1990

Atornlc P e r c e n t Chrornlurn
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% C r symbol group

Wo) 0 to 40 cF4 Fm3m

(ECO) 0 to 36 hP2 P63lmmc
(aCr) 43.9 to 100 ~12 Im3m
o 50.5 to 63 tP30 P42/mnm
Metastable phases
(aCr) -16 ~12 1m3m
(do) 40 to 62.9 cF4 FmTm
Wr) 54 to 100 cPX Pm3n
CosCr? 23 hPX P6slmmc

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Co Weight P e r c e n t C h r o m i u m Cr

Co-Cu 1. Nishizawa and K. Ishida, 1984

A t o m i c Percent Copper
Composition, Pearson Space
Phsse wt% Cu symbol group

(aCo) 0 to 20.9 cF4 FmTm

(ECO) 0 to 9(a) hP2 P63lmmc
0 ) 93 to 100 cF4 Fm3m
Metastable phase
E' 9 to 10 wL RL
(a) The composition of (ECO)is between 0 and 0.3 wt% Cu in equ~librium,but is 0 to 9 wt% Cu In the
metastable state, which is obtained by quenching from high temperatures.
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams/2*141

H. Okamoto, 1990
- -
Atornlc P e r c e n t Dysprosium
40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Dy symbol group

Fmsm
P6glmmc
P631mmc
R?m
P6lmmm
R2m
R3m
FdSm
P631m
P21Ic
Pnmn
Im3m
P63lmmc

0 30 40 50 80 70 80 90 100
Co Weight P e r c e n t Dysprosium DY

Co-Er H. Okamoto, 1990

Composition, Pearson Space
Phae wt% Er symbol group

(aCo) -0 cF4 Fm?m

Co17Er2 25.0 hP38 P63lmmc
Co,Er 36.3 hP6 P61ym
Co7Er2 44.7 hR18 R3m
Co3Er 49 hR12 Rsm
Co2Er 58.6 cF24 Fd3m
Co3Er4 79.1 hP22 P63lm
Co7Er12 83.0 m~38 P21lc
CoEr3 99.5 oPl6 Prima
(Er) -100 hP2 P6slmmc

Co-Fe T. Nishizawa and K. Ishida, 1984

Atomic Percent I r o n
Composition, Pearson Space
17W Phase wt% Fe symbol group

(aCo, yFe) 0 to 100 cF4 F ~ ? ~

a' -28 to -74 cP2 PmSm
(aFe) -22 to 100 ~ 1 2 1m3m
@Fe) 82 to 100 ~ 1 2 1m5m
Metastable phase
11 0.5 to 5.7 hP4 P63lmmc
2.1 42/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Co-Ca H. Okamoto, 1990

Atomic Percent Gall~urn
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1 Composition, Pearson Space
1600 Phase wt% Ga symbol group

(aCo) 0 to 22 cF4 ~m3m

(ECO) 0 t o 17 hP2 P63lmmc
I3 33 to 67.7 cP2 ~m?;m
Coca, 78 IP16 P&2
(Ga) 100 d78 Cmca

Co-Cd H. Okamoto, 1990

A t o m ~ cPercent G a d o l ~ n ~ u r n
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Composition, Pearson Space
wt% ~d symbol group

(aW -0 cF4 Fmm

(ECO) -0 hP2 P63lmmc
C0~7Gd~ -23.8 hP38 P631mmc
hR19 R3m
CoSGd -34.9 hP6 P6lmmm
Co7Gd2 -43.2 hR18 R5m
hP36 P63Lmmc
Co3Gd 47 hR12 R3m
CozGd 57.1 cF24 FdTm
Co3Gd4 78.0 hP22 P631m
Co7Gdiz -82.1 mP3 8 P21lc
CoGd, 89 oP16 Pn-mo
(PGd) -100 c12 Im3m
(aGd) 100 hP2 P63lmmc
Other reported phases
Co8Gd -25.0 hP8 P6lmmm
CoGd 72.7 oP 8 Pnmo
0 10 20 30 40 50 80 70 80 90 100 Co3Gd7 86 0' ...
Co Weight Percent Gadolinium Gd CoGds 96 o* ...

Co-Ce K. lshida and T. Nishizawa, 1991

Composition, Pearson Space
Phnse wt% Ge symbol group

(aco) 0 to 20.7 cF4 FmTm

(ECO) Oto21 hP2 P63Immc
Co,Ge 25.2 to 26 cP8 PrnTn?
Co5Gel 33.0 (a) ...
aCo5Ge3 -41.5 to -45 (b)? Pbnm?
PCo5Ge3 37.2 to 48.2 hP6 P63lmmc
CoGe 53.7 to 57.7 mC16 C2Im
cP8 PZ13
Co5Ge7 63.3 1124 I4mm
CoGez 71.2 oC24 Aba2
(Ge) -100 cF8 Fd3m

Co Welght Percent Germanium Ge

 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams/2.143

Co-Hf K. lshida and T. Nishizawa, 1991

A i o r r ~ ~llt,rc
r IIafrvtit~~

.-.-...,. -C
10
-.,,.--.TTT
2u
J1,
10 4[1
--.--........I.....1
I
50
I
IIII
,, .
71 ~ 1 1 90
Phme
Composition,
wt% Hf
Pearson
symbol
Space
group

(ace) 0 to -6 cF4 Fm?m

L
2000 ' (ECo) 0 to -1.5 hP2 P631mmc
Co7Hf 30.2 tP32 ...
1800 C023Hf6 44.2 cF116 ~m7m
Co7Hf2
CotHf
CoHf
CoHf,
(PHO
(aH0

Co We~ghtPerrrnt Ildfn~urn Hf

Co-Ho H. Okamoto, 1990

Atorn~c Percent IIolrn~um
- ~ ~ p

Composition, Pearson Space

10
-------+.----.--7L---.
20 ,,3p-2 Phase wt% Ho symbol group

Fm3m
P631mmc
~ 5 m
P6glmmc
P63lmmc
P6Immm
R3"
R3m
~dsm
P631m
P211c
Pnmn
P63lmmc

Co W e ~ g h t P e r c e n t Holmium Ho

Co-Mn K. lshida and T. Nishizawa, 1990

A t o m i c P c r c e n t hlanganese
Composition, Pearson Space
Phme wt% M n symbol group

(ECo) 0 to -19 hP2 P631mmc

(aCo) o to -57 C F ~ ~m?m
o -48 tP30 P421mnm
(aMn) 97 to 100 c15 8 143m
(PMn) 49 to 100 CP~O ~ 4 ~ 3 2
(Wn) 95 to 100 cF4 F ~ ? ~
(6Mn) 90 to 100 CIZ Im?m
(*/Mn)(a) 90 to 100 t12 141mmm
( a ) Splat quenched from the liquid state or rapid quenched from the high-temperature solid field

Co Weight P e r c e n t Manganese Mn
2.1 44lBinary Alloy Phase Diagrams

CO-Mo From [Molybdenum]

Atomic P e r c e n t Cobalt
Composition, Pearson Space
2800
phase wtw co symbol group

(Mo) 0 to -6 cI2 1m3m

D -27.8 to 28 tP30 P42/mnm
& -38.8 to -46.7 hR13 R3m
K -64.2 to -65.4 hPR P63lmmc
cph -72 hP2 P63lmmc
(ace) -72 to 100 cF4 Fm3m
(ECO) -86 to 100 hP2 P6shmc

Mo W e ~ g h t P e r c e n t Cobalt Co

Co-Nb J.K. Pargeter and W. Hume-Rothery, 1967

A t o m ~ cP e r c e n t Cobalt
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Composition, Pearson Space
phase wt% co symbol group

(Nb) 0 to -3 c12 Im3m

Nb6C07 36.3 to 38.3 hR13 RTm
BNwo2(a) 56.3 to ? hP12 P63Immc
aNM302 56.3 to 63.2 cF24 ~d%m
NWo, 65.3 hP24 P63lrnmc
(aCo) 91.6 to 100 cF4 Fm3m
5 1800 (a) BNbCo2 is stable above -1200 T.
+
m
1600

6
e
1406.C
1400

leoo
11ZI.C

1WO

800
0 10 20 30 40 50 80 70 80 00 100
Nb W e ~ g h t P e r c e n t Cobalt Co

Co-Nd A.E. Ray, 1974

Atomlc P e r c e n t N e o d y m ~ u m
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 00 100
Composition, Penrson Space
1600 Phase wt%Nd symbol group

Fmm
P63lmmc
R3m
P6lmmm
~ 3 m
R3nl
P6jImmc
RK~
Fd3m
...
...
P63mc
Pn-m
Im3m
P63Immc
Other reported phases
Co3Nd4 -76.5 hP7 Pa
C0~~Nd~4 -84.2 hP7O P63mc
Co Weight P e r c e n t Neodymium Nd CozNds -85.9 mC28 C2Ic
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams/2.145

Co-Ni T. Nishizawa and K. lshida, 1991

Atornlc P e r c e n t Nlckel
Composition, Penrson Space
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
- i
Phme Ni
~ 4 % symbol group

455'C (aCo,Ni) 0 to 100 cF4 ~mTm

(ECO) 0 to 35 hP2 P63Immc

Co W e ~ g h t P e r c e n t Nlckel N1

K. lshida and T. Nishizawa, 1990

A t o m ~ cP e r c e n t P h o s p h o r u s
Composition, Pearson Space
10 20 30 40 50
wt% P symbol group

(aCo) Fm?m
(ECO) P63lmmc
CozP Pnm
COP Pnm
copz
COP,
Red (P)
White (P) ...
Black (P) Cmca
(a) Monoclinic. (b) Cubic

0
Co W e ~ g h tP e r c e n t P h o s p h o r u s

Co-Pd K. lshida and T. Nishizawa, 1991

Atomic Percent P a l l a d ~ u m
20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Composition, Pearson Space
Phaw wt% Pd symbol group
855T

(aCo,Pd) 0 to 100 cF4 F ~ J ~

(ECO) 0 to -31 hR2 P631mmc
Metastable phases
a" -63 to -66 tP4 P41mmm
a' 7 3 to 94 cP4 PmSm
2.1 46/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Co-Pr A.E. Ray, 1974

A t o r n ~ cP e r c e n t Praseodyrnlurn
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt % Pr symbol group

Co W e ~ g h tP e r c e n t P r a s e o d y r n ~ u r n PI

Co-Pt H. Okamoto, 1990

Atomic P e r c e n t P l a t i n u m
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Pt symbol WOUP

(aCo, Pt) 0 to 100 cF4 Fmm

1600

1485.C
_--- _--*
(ECO) 0 to ? hP2 P6jlmmc
CoPt -76.8 tP4 P4/m-m
1400
CoPt, -91 cP4 Pm3m

Co-Pu D.M. Poole, M.C. Bale, P.C. Mardon, J.A.C. Marples, and
Atornlc P e r c e n t Plutonium 1.1. Nichols, 1961
0 10 20 30 10 1
16001 ' 50
t--+-60 7 0 80
.
'
A
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Pu symbol group

(aCo) -0 cF4 Fm3m

(ECO) -0 hP2 P63lmmc
C0~7Pu2 34 hP38 P63/mmc
Co3Pu -58.9 hR12 R3m
Co2Pu -67.4 cF24 FdTm
CuPuz -88.7 to 90 hP9 P6jlmmc
CoPu, -92.6 to 93 oCI6 Cmcm
CoPu6 96.1 t128 I4I~cm
(EPu) -99.5 to 100 c12 Im3m
(6'Pu) -100 t12 I41mmm
(6pu) -100 cF4 Fm3m
(Ypu) -100 OF8 Fddd
(PPu) -100 mC34 C2lm
(ah) -100 mP16 P2llm

Co W e ~ g h t Percent P l ~ r t o n l u m Pu
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams/2.147

H. Okamoto, 1990
Composition, Pearson Space
Phaw w t % Re symbol group

(ace) 0 to 43 cF4 FmFm

(&Co,Re) 0 to 100 hP2 P6dmmc

~k--?---.l--
20
0 30 60 10
90 40 50 70 80
Co W e ~ g h tP e r c e n t H h e n l u m

K. Friedrich, 1908
A t o m l c Percent S u l f u r
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Composition, Pearson Space
-__C_v- phaw wt% s symbol group

... ...
cF68 ~m3m
hP4 P631rnmc
cF56 Fd3p
cP12 Pa3
oF128 Fddd

Co-Sb H. Okarnoto, 1991

A t o r n ~ cP e r c e n t A n t ~ r n o n y
Composition, Penrson Space
wt% s b symbol group

0 to -5.0 cF4 FmTm

0 hP2 P63/mmc
61.4 to -69 hP4 P63/mmc
79 oP6 Pnnm
79 mP12 P21Ic
-86 el32 1m3
-100 hR2 R%I

Co W e ~ g h tP e r c e n t A n t l m o n y Sb
2.1 48/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Co-Se H. Okamoto, 1990

A t o m ~ cPercent S e l e n ~ u m
0 10 20 30 40 50 80 70 80 80
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Se symbol group

(ace) 0 cF4 ~ m h
(ECO) 0 hP2 P63lmmc
Co9Se8 54.4 cF68 ~msm
Col,Se 57.9 to 65.8 m** ...
CoSe2 72.9 cP12 PUT
(Se) 100 oC8 Cmca

d
p
8

0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Co Weight Percent Selenlum

Co-Si K. lshida and T. Nishizawa, 1991

Atomlc Percent Slllcon
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Composition, Pearson Space
1600 Phase wt% Si symbol group

(aCo) o to 8.5 cF4 Fmm

(ECO) 0 to 9.7 hP2 P63lmmc
Co3Si 14 t* * ...
aCo2Si -18 to -20 of12 Pnma
PCo2Si -18 to 21.0 ... ...
CoSi 31 to -34 cP8 P213
CoSi2 48.8 cF12 ~m!m
(Si) -100 cF8 Fd3m
Metastable phases
Co3Si -4 to 14 hP8 P6glmmc
Co4Si -11 ... ...
V&sKa) -14 O* * ...
Co2Si3 42 tP20 P&2
(a) Formed by massive transformation

Co Weight Percent S ~ l i c o n Si

From [Moffatt]
Composition, Penrson Space
phase wt% s m symbol group

Co-Sm
Atomic Percent S a m a r l u m
0 LO 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Co4Sm9
CoSm3
(YSm)
(PSm)
( a W
Other reported phases
CoSSm
0 10 20 30
Co Weight Percent S a m a r l u m Sm
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams/2*149

Co-Sn K. lshida and T. Nishizawa, 1991

A t o m ~ c1 ' ~ r c c n t ' TL~
20
1 6 0 0 - ~ ~ - i - - - - . - ~ . 1 P r ~ ~ C
30
. , . 40- . - : 50~..r.-TO-...~L~rO..!OO
Phme Composition,
wtC Sn Pearson
symbol Space
group

(aCo) o to -4 C F ~ ~m?m
(ECO) 0 to -0.4 hP2 P63/mmc
L W3Snz -52 to -59 hP4 P6glmmc
1200- : 1170T aCo,Snz -58 to -59 om0 Pnma
CoSn 66.8 hP6 P61mmm
CoSnz 80.1 r112 14lm
(Psn) -100 t14 1411amd
Metastable phases
(E'CO) 3.0 to 15.1 ... R?m
Co,Sn 40.2 c12 1mb
cP2 Prnm

Co Weight P e r c e n t Tin Sn

Co-Ta H. Okamoto, 1991

A t o m ~ cP e r c e n t T a n t a l u m
20 30 10 50 60 70 80 80 100 Composition, Pearson Space
- - - - ~ - - . 7 . . & . - . - ~ ,
Phme wt W Ta symbol group

(aCo) oto 11 C F ~ ~m?m

Co,Ta, 46.7 ... ...
2600
1 3 53.8 to 56 hP24 P63lmmc
2100 L h2 56.2 to 63 cF24 ~dSm
2200
1I -64 hP12 P631mmc
Co6Ta7 7 1 to 80 hR13 R?m
CoTa, 86.0 tI12 Wmcm
(Ta) 92 to 100 c12 Im?m

Co-Tb H. Okamoto, 1990

Atomic Percent Terbium
Composition, Pearson Space
Phaw wt% Tb symbol group

(aCo) o C F ~ ~m?m
(~CO) 0 hP2 P631mmc
Pc01,Tbz 24.0 hP38 P63Imrnc
aCol,Tb2 24.0 hR19 R?m
Co,Tb 35.1 hP6 P61pm
Co7Tb2 43.5 hR18 R?jm
Co,Tb 47 hR12 R3m
Co2Tb 57.4 cF24 Fd3m
Co3Tb4 78.2 hP22 P631m
Co7Tb12 82.2 mP3 8 p21/c
CoTb, 89 oPl6 Pnma
(Tb) 100 hP2 P6dmmc
2.1 5O/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Co-Te K. lshida and T. Nishizawa, unpublished

A t o m ~ cP e r c e n t T e l l u r ~ u m
Composition, Pearson Space
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
phase wt% Te symbol group

(aCo) -0 C F ~ ~m?;n
(ECO) -0 hP2 P63Immc
P(CozTed 7 3 to 80 hP4 P63lmmc
Y(C0Tez) 81.1 to 83.3 oP6 Pnd
CoTeZ(a) 81.3 hP3 P??l
CoTez(b) 81.3 cPl2 Pa3
W e ) -100 hp3 ~3121
(a) Metastable? (b) Under high pressure

0 10 20 30 40 50 80 70 80 90 100
Co Welght P e r c e n t T e l l u r i u m Te

Co-Th K. Ishida, T. Nishizawa, and H. Okamoto, unpublished

A t o m ~ cP e r c e n t T h o r i u m
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90100
Composition, Pearson Space
I600 Phase wt% Th symbol group
1755.C

400

200
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Co Weight P e r c e n t T h o r i u m Th

Co-Ti J.L. Murray, 1987

A t o m ~ cP e r c e n t Cobalt
0 10 20 30 10 50 60 70 80 90 I
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% CO svmbol lTOUD

(aTi) 0 t o 1.0 hP2 P6glmmr

@Ti) 0 t o 17.3 c12 Imsm
Ti2Co 37.6 to 38.1 cF96 FdTm
TiCo 54 to 60 cP2 Pm3m
TiCo2 (cubic) 71.0 t o 71 cF24 Fd3m
TiCoz (hexagonal) 73.0 t o 7 6 hP24 P63/mmc
TiCo, 79.1 t o 83.7 cP4 Pm3m
(ECO) -99.2 t o 100 hP2 P63lmmc
(aCo) 88.0 to 100 cF4 Fmh
Metastable phases
o ... (a) P6/mmm
(a"Co) ... (b) ...
(a) The "ideal" o structure is hexagonal, bul a distorted Uigonal form has also been observed in some Ti
systems. The structure of o in Ti-Co has not been definitively established. (b) Rhombohedral

TI W e ~ ~ hP et r c e n t I
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams/2.151

Co-v J.F. Smith, 1989

A t o m i c P e r c e n t Varladlum
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% V symbol group

(aCo) 0 to 32 cF4 ~msm

(ECO) 0 to ? hP2 P6glmmc
Co,V(hex) -21 to 29 hP24 ~ 6 ~ 2
Co3V(fcc) -19 to 28 cP4 ~m3m
a 41 to -67 tP30 P4dmnm
CoV, -72 cP8 Pmn
0)' 75 to 100 c12 Im3m

Co W e ~ g h tP e r c e n t V a n a d l u m

Co-W S.V. Nagender Naidu, A.M. Sriramamurthy, and P. Rama Rao,

Atomic Percent Tunesten I986 - - -

Composition, Pearson Space

Phase wt% W symbol group

H. Okamoto, 1992
Aiomle P e r c e n t Cobalt
50 80 70 80 90
Composition, Pesrson Space
- 1 9 O Phase wt% Co symbol group
t
(by) 0 c12 Im3m
(ay) 0 hP2 P6glmmc
Y3c0 18 oP 16 Pnma
Y8c05 29.3 mP5 2 p21/c
y4c03 33.2 hP22 P6gIm
YCo 39.9 oC8 Cmcm
Y6c07 44.4 ... ...
Y2C03 49.9 cP* ...
YCo, 57.0 cF24 F<?m
YCo, 67 hR12 R3m
hP24 P6glmmc
'zc07 69.9 hR18 R3m
YCoS 75.8 to 80 hP6 P6lmmm
Pyzc017 84 to 86 hP38 P63lrnmc
aY2Co,1 -84 hP19 Rsm
(aCo) 100 C F ~ ~mSm
(ECO) 100 hP2 P6glmmc
Metastable phase
y3c02 31 of20 Pnnm
201 521Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Co-Zn H. Okamoto, 1990

Atomic P e r c e n t Z ~ n c
Composition, Pearson Space
1600 phase wt% z n symbol group

Co W e ~ g h t P e r c e n t Zinc

Cr-Cu D.J. Chakrabarti and D.E Laughlin, 1984

A t o m ~ cPercent C h r o m i u m
Composition, Pearson Space
0 I0 20 30 10 50 60 70 80 90 IW
2000 Phasc wt% Cr symbol group

0 ) 0 t o 0.73 cF4 Fmjm

(Cr) 99.8 to 100 c12 Im3m
LBW

8W
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 LW
Cu Weight P e r c e n t C h r o m i u m Cr

Cr-Fe H. Okamoto, 1990

A t o r n ~ cPercent Chromlurn Composition, Pearson Space
phase wt% Cr symbol group

(aFe,Cr) 0 to 100 c12 Im%n

(We) o to 11.2 cF4 Fmsm
0 42.7 to 48.2 tP30 P4zlmnm

Fe Weight P e r c e n t C h r o m l u m Cr
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams/2.153

Cr-Ca J.-D. Bornand and P. Feschotte, 1972

Composition, Pear son Space
Phase wt% Ga symbol group

0 ) 0 to -20 c12 Im5m

BCrlGa -29 ... ...
aCr,Ga -29 cP8 Pmln
Cffia 57.3 hR26 R?m
Cr,Ga, 63.6 ... ...
Cffial -82 ell0 1432
(Gal -100 oC8 Cmca

2
ea
400
5
UI

(
0 . . . - m ; . , ~ . - ---,,-.--
- A
0 10 20 30 40 50 80 70 80 90 100
Cr W e ~ g h t P e r c e n t Gallium Ga

Cr-Ce A.B. Cokhale and C.J. Abbaschian, 1986

A t o m ~ cP e r r r n i C e r r n a n ~ u m
Composition, Pearson Space
n o . 0--2+ .-. ,.-.-,
4C 50
.+- 6 0 7 0 00
Phase wt% Ge symbol group

c12 ImXm
cP8 Pm3n
I""
hP16 141mcm
oP76 Pnam
cP8 P213
(a) P4n2
cF8 Fd3m
(a) Tetragonal

M. Venkatrarnan and J.P. Neurnann, 1986

Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% HI symbol wow

(Cr)(a) -0 ~12 1m5m

Cr2Hf(HT)(b) 6 3 to 65 hP12 P6glmmc
Cr2Hf(LT)(c) 6 3 to 65 cF24 Fd3m
(PHfXd) -95 to 100 c12 Im3m
(aHO(e) 98 to 100 hP2 P63/mmc
(a) Stable at <I863 "C. (b) Stable at 1335 to 1825 "C. ( c ) Stable at <I335 "C. (d) Stable at I740 to 2224
"C. (el Stable at < I 7 4 0 ' C
2.1 54lBinary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Cr-lr M. Venkatraman and J.P. Neumann, 1990

Atomic P e r c e n t I r i d i u m
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Ir symbol group

0 ) 0 to -33.5 d 2 Im3m
Cr31r -43.1 to 5 8 cP8 prn%
E -63.5 to -89.6 W2 P63/mmc
CrIr,(a) -90 to -95 cP4 pm3m
(Ir) ? I to I00 cF4 FmTm
(a) Order-disorder temperature has not been determined, but besause it is presumably below 1000 T,
the
~ h a s eis not shown in the diagram.

Cr-Lu H. Okamoto, 1992

Atomrc P e r c e n t Lutetium
Composition, Penrson Space
Phw wt% Lu symbol group

(Cr) 0 c12 Im3m

(Lu) 100 hP2 P6dmmc

Cr Welght P e r c e n t L u t e t l u m Lu

Cr-Mn M. Venkatraman and J.P. Neurnann, 1986

Atomlc P e r c e n t Manganese
0 10 20 30 10 50 60 70 80
Composition, Penrson Space
2000 Phase wt% Mn symbol group

Im3m
...
...
P4;?lmnm
P4;?lmnm
P42/mnm
Im3m
lZ3m
F m m
P4132

(a) Below 1863 "C. (b) From 600 to 926 "C. (c) Below 600 T . (d) From 999 to 1312 T.(e) From -800
to 1006 T.(0 Below -800 'C. (g) From 1140 to 1246 "C. (h) Below 707 "C. (i)From 1088 to 1140 T.
(k) From 707 to 1088 OC

Cr Weight P e r c e n t Manganese Mn
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams/2*155

Cr-Mo M. Venkatraman and J.P. Neumann, 1987

Atornlc P e r c e n t Molybdenum
Composition, Pearsoo Space
, , 3000i , o ,... ~e,,
, , 4p 5 ~ 6 8 p P 9,o~
I
7 ~
Phse wt% MO symbol group

500
0 10 20 30 40 50 80 70 80 80 I0
Cr Weight P e r c e n t Molybdenum Mo

Cr-Nb M. Venkatraman and J.P. Neumann, 1986

Atomlc Percent Nloblum
80 30 Composition, Pearson Space
'P *,-symbol group
20 40 50 GO 70 90 100
w t g ~b

0 to -10 d2 1m3m
-43 to -53 hP12 P631mmc
43 to 53 cF24 Fd3m
L -91 to 100 c12 Im3m

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 GO 80 100
Cr Weight P e r c e n t Nioblum Nb

Cr-Ni P. Nash, 1991

Atomic P e r c e n t C h r o m ~ u m Composition, Pearson Space
Ipp
30
-
40 50 60
? ? I I
70
I
80
I V
00 1
Phase wt% Cr symbol group
83.C

(Ni) 0 to 47.0 cF4 Fmjm

NizCr or 21 to 37 016 Immm
0) 65 to 1 0 0 CIZ 1m3m
Metastable phases
0 -28 tP30 P42/mnm
6 100 cP8 ~m?m

2
Ni Weight P e r c e n t C h r o m ~ u m Cr
2.1 56/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Cr-0 C. Banik, T. Schmitt, P. Ettmayer, and B. tux, 1980

A t o r n ~ cP e r c e n t Oxygen
Composltlon, Pearson Space
Phase wt% 0 symbol group

0 ) 0 d2 1m5m
Cr30da) 29.1 t128 I4 llgmd
Crz03 32 hRlO R3c
cfi2 38.1 tP6 P4dmnm
Cr5012 42.5 oP68 Pbcn
Cr60 15 43.4 0C84 Cm~m
(303 48 oC16 Ama2
(a) Metastable or high-pressure phase

. . . . . . . , . . . . . . , , , , , , , - -
0 10 20
Cr Welght P e r c e n t Oxygen

Cr-0s M. Venkatraman and J.P. Neumann, 1990

Atornlc P e r c e n t O s r n ~ u m
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% 0 s symbol group

(Wa) o to -61 ~12 1m3m

Cr30s(b) -52 to-60 cP8 Pm3n
'J(c) -61 to -81 tP30 P4dmnm
(Os)(d) -66 to 100 hP2 P631mmc
(a) Below 1900 O C . (b) Below 1540 'C. (c) 975 to 1673 "C. (d) Below 3033 "C

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Cr W e l g h t Percent Osmlurn 0s

Cr-Pd M. Venkatraman and J.P. Neumann, 1990

Atomic P e r c e n t P a l l a d ~ u m
Composition, Pesrson Space
Phase wt% Pd symbol WOUP
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagramsl2.157

M. Venkatraman and J.P. Neumann, 1990

Composition, Pearson Space
~hme ~ 1 pt
% symbol group

(Cr) 0 to -29 d2 lmxm

Cr,Pt 44 to -53 cP8 Pm3n
CrPt -78 to -80 tP2 P4Im-nm
CrPt, -66 to 96 cP4 Pm2m
(Pt) -61 to 100 cF4 Fm3m

Cr-Re M. Venkatraman and J.P. Neumann, 1987

Atomic P e r c e n t R h e n i u m Composition, Pearson Space
' P 20
s
30 40
- Phme wt% Re symbol group
88.C
(Cr) 0 to -78 c12 lm3m
0 (CrzRed 83 to 87 tP30 P42/mnm
(Re) -91 to 100 hP2 P63hmc

M. Venkatraman and J.P. Neumann, 1987

Composition, Pearson Space
Phme wt% Rh symbol group
2.1 58/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Cr-Ru M. Venkatraman and J.P. Neumann, 1987

A t o r n ~ cP e r c e n t R u t h e n ~ u m
Composition, Pearsoo Space
Phlse wt% Ru symbol group

(a) Stable below 1863 'C. (b) Stable from 750 to 1000 T;might be located at -39.3 wt%, instead. (c)
Stable from 800 to 1580 T. (d) Stable below 2334 OC

500

Cr Welght P e r c e n t R u t h e n ~ u m Ru

M. Venkatraman and J.P. Neumann, unpublished

Atomic P e r c e n t S u l f u r
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% S symbol group

(a) High-pressure phase. (b) Unknown

Cr-Sb H. Okamoto, 1992

Atomlc P e r c e n t Antimony
Composition, Pearson Space
2000
Phppe wt% Sb symbol group

0 ) 0 to -11 c12 ImTm

CrSb -67.5 t o 70.1 hP4 P6jlmmc
CrSb2 82.4 of6 Pym
(Sb) 100 hR2 R3m
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams/Z-159

Cr-Sc M. Venkatraman and J.P. Neumann, 1985

Alornlc P<,rcc,nt Scandium
Composition, Pearson Space
1900 ----
0 10 20 30 10 50 60 70
l - - - - - A - T . 7 - A ~ L - - A v 7 ~ ? r .
80
/f ~hpw W ~ Bsc symbol group

0 ) 0 to <0.09 c12 ~mzm

(PSc) >89 t o 100 c12 Im3m
{a%) -100 hP2 P63/mmc
Metastable phase
Cro.ssScz.I s B x -69.0 cF112 FdTm

,/'

,
2
,

\
I0

I
I
, I

500
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 60 90 100
Cr W e ~ g h tP e r c e n t S c a n d ~ u m Sc

Cr-Se M. Venkatraman and J.P. Neumann, unpublished

ALomic P e r c e n t S e l e n i u n l
Composition, Pearson Space
wt% Se symbol group

-0 c12 lm3m
60.3 t o -69.5 hP4 Pbdmmc
-61 t o -69.9 hP4 P3ml
63.6 to 64.1 mF60 F2/m
65.4 to 68.0 m114 12/m
-69.0 hP20 ~ 3 l c
69.3 to 69.7 hRl0 R3
69.9 to 70.4 m115 12/m
70.8 mF52 F?/m
75.3 hP3 P3ml
-100 hP3 P3121

I 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Cr Weight P e r c e n t S e l e n i u m Se

Detailed view of the Cr-Se phase diagram in the region 59.9 to

70.5 wt0Io Se
Atomic P e r c e n t S e l e n ~ u n l

W e ~ g h tPerrent S e l ~ n l u m

*-.--- -.--.-.--,- -- . -. . -
2.16OIBinary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Cr-Si A.B. Cokhale and C.J. Abbaschian, 1987

Atomic Percent Silicon
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 80 I00 Composition, Pearson Space
2000 nt% s i symbol group

Cr-Sn M. Venkatraman and J.P. Neumann, 1988

Atomic Percent Tin
Composition, Pearson Space
wt% Sn svmhol E~OUU

(Cr) o to -4 ~12 Im5m

(BW -100 I14 Mllamd
(ah) -100 CF8 Fd3m
Metastable phase
CrzSns 77 to 78 oF48 Fddd

251.Oea1.c
(Pd-.
0 A l 3 . C
0 10 20 30 40 50 80 70 80 00 100
Cr Weight Percent Tin Sn

Cr-Ta M. Venkatraman and J.P. Neumann, 1987

Atomic Percent Tantalum
Composition, Pearson Space
Phpse wt% l h symbol WJUP

0 ) 0 to -13 c12 lm3m

Cr2Ta(HT) 60 to 68 hP12 P631mmc
Cr2Ta(LT) 63 to 66 cF24 Fd3m
(Ta) -90 to 100 c12 Im3m

Cr Weight Percent T a n t a l u m Ta
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams/2a161

M. Venkatraman and J.P. Neumann, unpublished

Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Te symbol group

0 ) -0 c12 lm3m
Cr _xTe 73.1 to 73.8 hP4 P63Immc
Cr3Te4(HT) -73.9 to -80.0 mC14 C2lm
Cr3Te4(LT) -76 to 77.5 ... ...
CrSTes-I(a) 78.4 to -78.9 mC26 C21m
Cr5Te8-II(a) -79.7 to -80.0 ... p?cl (?)
Cr2Te3 78.3 to 78.6 hP20 P31c
CrTe, -88 mP32 P21/c
(Te) -100 hP3 P3121

(a) Not shown in diagram

Cr-Ti J.L. Murray, 1987

Atamlr P r r r e n t Chromium Composition, Pearson Space
-..,.20
.*.. 10
+-- 40
. r
50 60
. ' . - - L - ~ - r ' .
70 80
. . 'I?. I
w t % Cr svmbol 1r0uI)

1863'' (PTi,Cr)
(aTi)
aTiCr2
PTiCr,
yricr2
Metastable phase

1 :
101

TI We~ghtPercent C h r o m ~ u m ( r

Cr-U M. Venkatraman, J.P. Neumann, and D.E. Peterson, 1985

A t o m ~ cP e r c e n t U r a n l u m
Composition, Pearson Space
phase W ~ Wu symbol group

(Cr)(a) -0 c12 lm3m

(W)(b) 99 to 100 c12 1m7m
(bu)(c) 99.8 to 100 tP30 P42/mnm
(aW4 -100 0c4 cmcm
(a) Stable below 1863 "C. (b) Stable from 775 to 1135 "C. (c) Stable from 668 lo 775 "C. (d) Stable below
66%

500
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 lo(
Cr Welght P e r c e n t U r a n i u m U
2.1 62/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Cr-V J.F. Smith, 1989

Atomlc Percent C h r o m ~ u r n
Composition, Pearson Space
1950
Phase wt% Cr symbol group

0 10 20 30 10 50 60 70 60 90 LM
V Weight Percent C h r o m l u m Cr

Cr-W S.V. Nagender Naidu, A.M. Sriramamurthy, and P. Rama Rao,

A t o m ~ cPercent Tungsten 1984
3500
Composition, Pearson Space
,, Phme wt% W symbol group
,I' , I

,,,' ,,I
3WO ,', ,, (W)(a) 0 cF4 FmSm
,, ,,,
,', ,I (+r)(b) 0 cI58 143m
*, ,, ,
,', ,* 0 cP8 PmSn
,' ,
U 2m- L (EC~) 0 hP2 P6glmmc
(aCr,w) 0 to 100 CIZ 1m5m
e : CrW3(?) 91 tl* ...
4 .

(a) Above 1840 T . (b) Electrolytic

IWO -

0 10 20 30 10 M 80 70 80 80 I
Cr Weight Percent Tungsten

Cr-Zr D. Arias and J.P. Abriata, 1986

A t o m ~ cPercent Chromium
LO 20 30 10 50 60 70 80 so LOO Composition, Pearson Space
sasec '
' Phase wt% Cr symbol group

Metastable phases
w ... hP3 P?ml (P6/mmm?)

Zr Weight Percent Chromium Cr

 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams/2*163

Cs-Ce H. Okarnoto, 1990

A t o r n l c P e r c e n t Gernldniurrl
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Ge symbol

Cs Wrlght Percent Germanium Gt

From [Hansenl
Composition, Pearson Space
wt% ~g symbol group

Cs-In A.D. Pelton and S. LaRose, 1990

Atonllc P e r c e n t C e s ~ u m
50 60 70 80 YO 100
Composition, Pearson Space
800 -+
---A
-. Phase ~ 1 CS
% svmhol ZTOUD

.-----------
-- ..--.
Ll . L2
Ll + L2
2.1 64/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Cs-K C.W. Bale and A.D. Pelton, 1983

A t o m l c Percent P o t a s s i u m
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% K symbol group

(Cs,K) 0 to 100 cI2 Im3m

CsK2 37.0 hP2? ...
Other reported phase
Cs6K7 ? ... ...

-150
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 M 90 IW
Cs Weight Percent P o t a s s i u m K

Cs-Na C.W. Bale, 1982

Atomic Percent Sodlum
oo " Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Na symbol group

Cs Weight Percent Sodlurn Na

Cs-0 P.R. Subramanian, 1990

Atornlc Percent Oxygen
Composition, Pearson Space
. . . . .L , . . . . ! O .,. . , !i,
. . phase ~ 1 % o symbol group

(Cs) -0 d2 Im3m
Cs70 -1.7 hP24 ~6m2
Cs40 3 ... ...
Cs110da) -3.2 mF'5 6 P21lc
Cs30 -4 ... ...
CszO -5.7 hR3 R3m
CsO -10.7 018 Immm
CSZOJ -15 cI28 1z3d
Cs02(LT) -19.4 t16 I4lmmm
CsOz(HT)(b) -19.4 cF8 Fm3m
(a) Also reported as Cs702 (b) Above -200 "C
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams/2@165

C.W. Bale and A.D. Pelton, 1983

Atornlc Percent Rubldlum
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Rb symbol group

o
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 L M
Cs Weight Percent Rubldlum Rb

Cs-S From [Smithells]

A i o r n ~ c Percent Sulfur
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% S symbol group

Weight Percent Sulfur

Cs-Sb F.W. Dorn and W. Klemm, 1961

Atomtc Percent Antlmony
Composition, Pearson Space
- wt% Sb symbol group
2.1 66IBinary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Cs-Se H. Okamoto, 1990

A t o m ~ cPercent Selenlum

I
1 Composition, Pearson Space
,000
0
c ...,.?
20
h
0
.
40 50
- p Phme wt% Se symbol PrOUD

0 )
Cs2Se
GOO
770.C Cs3Se2
Cs5Se4
CsSe
Cs2Se3
Cs2Se5
(Se)
High-pressure phase
CszSe

274.C :

0 I0 20 30 40 50 GO 70 GO 80 100

Cs-Sn L.Z. Melenkov, S.P. Yatsenko, K.A. Chantonov, and Yu.N. Grin,
Atomic Percent Tin 1987
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
1000 Composition, Pearson Space
P ~ M ~ 1 SO
% symbol group

0 ) -0 d2 Im3m
pCsSn 47.2 ... ...
aCsSn 47.2 t164 Mllacd
Cs2Sn3 57 ... ...
CsSn2 64.1 ... ...
Cs&46 84 ... PmSn
(bsn)(a) -100 t14 1411amd
(aSn)(b) -100 cF8 ~d3m
(a) Between 13 and 231.9681 "C. (b) Below 13 O C

Cs-Te J.Sangster and A.D. Pelton, unpublished

Composition, Pearson Space
Phme wt% Te symbol group

lm3m
p212121
...
...
...
CmcZl
Cmcm
P21lc

(a) Might not exist. (b) Three allotropic forms have been reported to exist. If so, this is the structure of a
metastable high-temperature allotrope.

Cs Weight Percent T e l l u r ~ u m Te
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams/2*167

CS-TI V.D. Busmanov and S.P. Yatsenko, 1981

5W&u7T*
y-q
A t o m ~ cP e r c e n t T h a l l u m
30 40 50 M1
Phase
Composition,
wt% TI
Pearson
symbol
Space
group

(Cs) 0 cI2 Im3m

aCs5T17 68.3 ... ...
PCSST~~ 68.3 ... ...
Cs4T17 62.9 ... ...
CsT13 82 ... ...
100 hP2 P63lmmc
(PW 100 cI2 Im3m

. . . . .
Cs Welght P e r c e n t T h a l l i u m TI

P.R. Subramanian and D.E. Laughlin, 1988

A t o r n ~ c P e r c e n t Dysproslurn
0 10 20 30 40 50 80 70 80 90 100 Composition, Pearson Space
1500 Phase wt% Dy symbol group

0 ) 0 cF4 ~m%m
PCWY -33.84 hP6 P6lmmm
aCuSDy -33.84 cF24 F43m
C~ZDY -56.1 0112 Imma
CuDy -72 cP2 Pmjm
(a'Dy) 100 oC4 Cmcm
(~DY) 100 hP2 P631mmc
100 cI2 Im3m

Cu W e ~ g h t P e r c e n t Dysproslurn DY

Cu-Er P.R. Subramanian and D.E. Laughlin, 1988

A t o r n ~ cP e r c e n t E r b ~ u r n
Composition, Pearson Space
Pbrse wt% Er symbol group

0 ) 0 cF4 Fmjm
CuSEr -34.49 cF24 Fz3m
CuzEr -56.8 0112 Imma
CuEr -73 cP2 PmTm
(Ed 100 hP2 P6dmmc

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Cu Welght P e r c e n t Erblurn Er
2.1 68/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Cu-Eu P.R. Subramanian and D.E. Laughlin, 1988

Atomic Percent Europium
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% E u symbol group

(Cu) 0 cF4 F ~ T ~
CU~EU -35.24 hP6 P6lmmm
Cu2Eu -57.6 0112 Imma
CuEu -73 oP8 Pnma
CuEu2 -84.48 of12 Pnma
(Eu) 100 cI2 Im3m

o 10 m J, ro 60 70 so aa lm
Cu Weight Percent Europium Eu

Cu-Fe L.J. Swartzendruber, 1992

Atomic Percent Copper
Composition, Pearson Space
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 YO
1600 Phase ~ 1 cu
% symbol group
1638.1
1500 (@e) 0 to 7 . 6 ~12 ImSm
(YW 0 to 13 cF4 F ~ T ~
1400
13941
We) o to 2.2 ~12 1m3m
0 ) 95.9 to 100 cF4 Fmym
1300

Y
1200

2
6 uoo
w
; 1000
w
9121
YO0

800
no-
700

600
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 00 100
Fe Weight Percent Copper Cu

Cu-Ca P.R. Subramanian and D.E. Laughlin, unpublished

Atorn~c Percent Galhum
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% GU symbol group

...
P4lmmm
Cmca
(a) The number of atomslcell decreases from 52 to -47. as the Ga contents decrease from 32.0 to 44.6
~1%.

Cu Weight Percent Galhum Ga

- - -- -- - -
D
3 " \ (L* *
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams/2*169

P.R. Subrarnanian and D.E. Laughlin, 1988

Atomlc Percent G d d o l ~ n t u m
0 10 20 30 40 50 80 70 80 90 100 Composition, Pearson Space
1400 wt% Gd symbol crow
~m";m
Pnma
I200 P6lmmm
F43m
lmma
Y ~ m m
1000
L
a
P63/mmc
d
m lm5m
v
E so0
r

600

400
0 LO 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
C u Weight Percent G a d o l ~ n ~ u m Cd

Cu-Ge R.W. Olesinski and G.J. Abbaschian, 1986

A t o r n ~ c Percent C o p p e r
o LO 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Composition, Pearson Space
1100 wt% Cu symbol group

1000 0 cF8 ~d7m

... 114 14 l/amd
70.8 to 71.3 c12 lm3m
900
72.3 to 74.4 oP8 Pmnm
73.7 to 74.4 (b) ...
600
U 79.6 to 87.1 W 2 P63/mmc
v 87 to 100 cF4 Fm3m
2 700

m
O t h e r reported phase
600 75.6 (4 ...
(a) Also denoted as Cu3Ge. (b) Rhombohedral. (c) Also denoted as CuSGe. (d) Cubic
500

400

300

200
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
F
100
Ge Welght Percent Copper Cu

O.M. Barabash and Yu.N. Koval, 1986

Composition, Pearson Space
ha wt% H symbol group

(Cu) 0 to -0.003 cF4 FmTm

2.1 70/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

P.R. Subramanian and D.E. Laughlin, 1988

Atomic P e r c e n t Hafnlurn
0 10 70 30 10 50 60 70 60 80 I00
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% HI symbol group
2200
0 ) 0 to -1.1 cF4 Fm3m
C"slHf14 43.54 hP68 P6lm
Cu8Hf3 51.29 oP44 Pnma
Cu~dlf7 66.29 oC68 ...
CuHf, 84.89 t16 I4Imm
WHO -99.7 t o 100 hP2 P63/mmc
(pH0 -98.4 to 100 cI2 Im3m

Cu Welght P e r c e n t H a f n ~ u r n Hf

Cu-Hg D.J. Chakrabarti and D.E. Laughlin, 1985

Atomic P e r c e n t Mercury
Composition, Pearson Space
I
0
7
10
0
20 30
0
10 50
"
2Pa Phase wt% Hg symbol I!TOUP

0 ) 0 to ? cF4 FtnTm
u(a) 73 hR52 R3m
(aHg) 100 hR 1 R3m
(PHg) 100 tI2 I4Immm
(?'Him) 100 ... ...
(a) Composition of the y phase corresponds to stoichiomeuy Cu7Hg6. (b) Formed from aHg by suain-
induced (martensitic) transformation at 4.2 K, reverting to aHg at 50 K
-

100

-200
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 SO 100
Cu Welght P e r c e n t Mercury Hg

H. Okamoto, 1991
Atomic P e r c e n t I n d i u m
10 20 30 10 50 60 70 60 SO 100 Composition, Pearson Space
120C Phase wt% In symbol group

1081.87l 0 ) 0 t o 18.1 cF4 ~~3~

IOOC
P 28.47 t o 37.0 cI2 1m3m
Y 40.9 to 45.2 cP52 Pa3m
6 42.52 t o 44.3 aP40 Pi
80C "rl" 47.00 t o 52.3 hP4 P63lmmc
b-' hP6 P6glmmc
m 49.5 to 52.3 oL* ...
3
d
m 600
Cul lIn9 -59 mC20 c2/m
(In) -loo t12 141mm
a
: 400

700

Cu Welght P e r c e n t l n d ~ u m In
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagramsf2.171

D.J.Chakrabarti and D.E. Laughlin, 1987

Atomlc Percent lrldlum
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Ir symbol group

(cu) 0 to -21 cF4 Fmm

(11) -97.8 to 100 cF4 Fmsm

(W-

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Cu W e ~ g h tP e r c e n t lr~d~urn Ir

Cu-La H. Okamoto, 1991

Atornlc P e r c e n t Lanthanum
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Composition, Pearson Space
1 2 0 0 0 Phase wt% La symbol group

...
Pnma
...
P6/mmm
14m2
P6/mmm
Pnma
1m5m
FmSm
P6glmmc
(a) Below -227 "C

Cu Welght P e r c e n t Lanthanum La

A.D. Pelton, 1986

A t o m ~ cPercent L ~ t h ~ u m
Composition, Pearson Space
0 40 50 60
120ofLULC.J---i
70 80
*
90
.--- 95
---.---- j
100
Phase wt% Li symbol group

(a) Below -193 'C

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Cu Welght Percent Llthlum LI
2.1 72lBinary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Cu-Mg H. Okamoto, 1992

A t o r n ~ cP e r c e n t Magnesium
Composition, Pearson Space
1200 wt% Mg symbol group

0 to 2.77 cF4 ~mTm

15 to 18 cF24 FdTm
43.4 oF48 Fddd
100 hP2 P6slmmc

Cu-Mn N.A. Gokcen, unpublished

Atornlc P e r c e n t Manganese
0 10 20 30 40 so 80 70 80 80 100 Composition, Pearson Space
wt% Mn symbol group

0 to 100 cF4 Fmm

85.8 to 100 c12 Im3m
99.5 to 100 cP20 P4132
99.7 to 100 c15 X Iz3m

Disordered

300
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Cu Weight P e r c e n t Manganese Mn

H. Okamoto, 1991
Atornlc P e r c e n t N ~ o b ~ u r n
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% ~b symbol group

Cu Welght P e r c e n t N ~ o b ~ u r n Nb
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams/2.173

Enlargement of the Cu-rich portion of the Cu-Nb system

A t o r n ~ cP e r c e n t N ~ o b ~ u m
0 0 05 01 015 0 25

1078

Cu Weight P e r c e n t Niobium

Cu-Nd P.R. Subrarnanian and D.E. Laughlin, 1988

Atomlc P e r c e n t Neodymlum
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 I00
Composition, Pearson Space
1200 Phme wt% Nd symbol group

0 ) 0 cF4 F ~ S ~
1000
Cu6Nd -27.45 oP28 Pnma
CuSNd -3 1.23 hP6 P6lmmm
CulNd -36.2 ... Pnnm
600
Cu2Nd -53.1 0112 Imma
U CuNd -69 oP8 Pnma
0
(PNd) 100 c12 Im3m
3
m 800
(aNd) 100 hP4 P63lmmc
u0.

C
2
400

200

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 80 70 80 90 100
Cu W e ~ g h t P e r c e n t Neodymium Nd

Cu-Ni D.J. Chakrabarti, D.E. Laughlin, S.W. Chen, and Y.A. Chang,
Atomic P e r c e n t Nlckel 1991
1600
Composition, Pearson Space
Phme wt% Ni symbol group
55.C

(CuN) 0 to 100(a) cF4 F ~ S ~

(a) Above 354.5 "C

01
354.5.C
65.5

zoo

Cu Weight P e r c e n t N ~ c k e l N1

- - -------- ---- --- ^ -_ "

2.1 74/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Cu-0 J.P. Neumann, T. Zhong, and Y.A. Chang, 1984

A t o m i c P e r c e n t Oxygen
10 20 30 40 JO
Composition, Pearson Space
wt% o symbol group

(cu) 0 t o 0.008 cF4 Fmm

Cuzo(a) 11.2 cP6 ~ n h
CuO(b) 20 mC8 ...
Cu403(c) 15.9 ?I28 I4lmcm
(a) K or cuprile. (b) 7 or tenorite. (c) Additional possible phase, n or paramelaconite

------.
-.

0 5 10 15 20
Cu W e ~ g h tP e r c e n t Oxygen

Cu-0 stability diagram Solubility of 0 in (Cu)

Atomic P e r c e n t Oxygen
77051 l

mwwc -
IMUIF

1050-
Y .
01
3 .
+
m
a

C
$ 1
850- (Cu) + cu2o

850
Cu Weight P e r c e n t Oxygen

cu-P H. Okamoto, 1990

Atomic Percent P h o s p h o r u s
0 10 20 30 40 50 80 70 80 90 100
Composition, Pearson Space
1200 wi% P symbol group

(a) Not shown in the diagram

Cu W e ~ g h tP e r c e n t P h o s p h o r u s P
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams/2.175

Cu-Pb D.J. Chakrabarti and D.E. Laughlin, 1984

Atornlc Percent Lead
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase WI% ~b symbol group

tuux.-oc L
/
-
m.4
(a) Metastable solid solubility may extend up to 10.0 to 12.0 wt% Pb. (b) Above 10.3 GPa

0
Cu Weight Percent Lead Pb

CU-Pd P.R. Subramanian and D.E. Laughlin, 1991

Atomic Percent Palladium
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 00 1 Composition, Pearson Space
1600 0 phase wt% ~d symbol group
1551:

(Cu,Pd) 0 to 100 cF4 F ~ S ~

Cu,Pd (a') -12.1 to -32 cP4 Pmm
Cu3Pd (a")
ID-LPS -26 to -39 fP28 P4mm
2D-LPS -28 to -43 ... ...
CuPd (PI -49 to -60 cP2 PmSm

Cu Welght Percent Palladium Pd

Cu-Pt P.R. Subramanian and D.E. Laughlin, unpublished

A t o m ~ cPercent P l a t l n u m
Composition, Pearson Space
-.1.7 ~ t ~t
% symbol group
1788.
(Cu,Pt)
Cu,Pt
ID-LPS
CuPt
Cu3Pt5
CuPt,
CuPt,

Cu We~ght Percent P l a t l n u m Pt

-- - - ---- -- - - -
2.1 76/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Cu-Pu V.I. Kutaitsev, N.T. Chebotarev, I.C. Lebedev, M.A. Andrianov,

A ~ O ~ IPercent
C ~luton~urn V.N. Konev, and TS. Menshikova, 1967
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90100
1200
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% PU symbol group

Fmm
...
...
...
Imma
Im3m
I4lmmm
FmTm
Fddd
......................... C21m
(mu) P21lm

t Plutonium Pu

Cu-Rh D.J. Chakrabarti and D.E. Laughlin, 1982

Atornlc Percent R h o d i u m
Composition, Pearson Space
wt% Rh symbol group

0 to 100 cF4 Fm3m

Ym
0 1 0 2 0 3 0 4 O J O B O 7 0 8 0 9 0 1 M
Cu Weight Percent R h o d i u m Rh

Enlargement of the CU-S diagram from 0 to 160 OC

Cu-s Atomic P e r c e n t S u l f u r
34 35 38 37
Atomic Percent Sulfur
1600

0
i. 20.2-
2
4 20.22
6 80
e,
a
$
c
60
(Cu) + aCh

Weight P e r c e n t S u l f u r
Cu W e ~ g h tP e r c e n t S u l f u r S (continued)

-- - -
r,,I"iF
7 - 7

. . ! '
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams/2*177

Cu-saturated boundary of digenite D.J.Chakrabarti and D.E. Laughlin, 1983

Atomlc Percent Sulfur
32 33 34 35 36 37
Composition, Pearson Space
1200 .'. . . . . . . ! . . . . I . . , . . .'. . . . . . , ! . . . . . ' , Phsse wt% S(Cu/S) symbol group

(cu) 0 to 0.012 cF4 ~m3m

1000: L ! 1087.C
Dg
a chalcocite (aCu2S)
p chalcocite (PCu2S)
20.14 to 20.01
20.14 to 20.22
mP 144(?)
hP6
p21/c
P631mmc
Djurleite ( C U - ~ . ~ ~ S ) 20.4 to 20.69 oP380(?) Pmnm
600-I
PZlnm(?)
U Pmn;?
G,
I (Cu) + Dg Digenite (CuZ4S) 20.14 to 22.24 cF12 Fm3m
3
+ Anilite(C~~,,~S) 22.38 k 0.03 oP44(?) Pnma
a 600 Covellite (CuS) 33.5 hP12 P631mmc
l
a (s) -100 oF128 Fddd
5 435.C mP48 P2 d a
" 400- hR6 R3
Metastable phases
Protodjurleite 20.4 ( I.OO)(a) ... ...
20.5 (0.999)(b)
Tetragonal 20.5 (0.999) tP12 P43212
Hexagonal-tetragonal
Cu,S 20.7 to 22.4 ... ...
(0.98 to 0.89)
W e ~ g h tP e r c e n t S u l f u r
Low digenite (aDg) 21.99 to 22.22
(0.91 1 to 0.899)(c) ... R7m
Blaubleibender
covellite I 26.5 f 1.4 ... ...
(0.71 f 0.5)
Blaubleibender
covellite I1 31.6 f 1.95 (0.6 + ... ...
0.1)
CuSz 50.23 (0.3) ... Pa3(?)
(a) At 75 "C. (b) At 93 "C. (c) ~t 25 T

Cu-Sb P.R. Subramanian, 1990

A t o m ~ cP e r c e n t A n t l m o n y
Composition, Penrson Space
0 10 60 70 80 90 100 20 30 40 50
1200O Phsse
f wt% Sb
- symbol group

0 ) 0 to 10.6 cF4 Fm7m

P 3 1.6 to 46.0 oF16 ~~3~
Y -26.0 to 26.7 hP2 P631mmc
6 30.3 to 32 hP? P63lmmc
E -36.1 to 39.4 oP8 Pmmn
5 -34. l to 34.5 hP26 P?
rl -47.4 to 48.9 tP6 P4lnmm
(Sb) -100 hR2 R3m

30.755.C

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Cu Welght Percent Antlmony Sb
2.1 78lBinary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Cu-Se D.J.Chakrabarti and D.E. Laughlin, 1981

A t o m ~ cP e r c e n t S e l e n ~ u m
Composition, Pearson Space
ISM Phw wt% Se symbol group

FmTm
...
Fmsm
~ 3 2 ~ m
P6glmmc
...
P6jlmmc
Pnnm
P3i21

(a) Monoclinic. (b) Homogeneity range at room temperature. 0.18 < x 5 0.22, and at 500 'C. x = 0 to -0.26

Cu Weight P e r c e n t S e l e n i u m Se

Cu-Si R.W. Olesinski and G.J. Abbaschian, 1986

Atomic P e r c e n t Copper
Composition, Pearson Space
1500 ~hnse wt% Cu symbol wow

0 ,loo
0,

i 1000
4

L
0, 800

g 800

700

800

500 (a) Also denoted CugSi. (b) Orthorhombic. (c) Rhombobedral. (d) Also denoted Cu15Si4 (e) Cubic. (f)
Tetragonal. (g) Also denoted CusSi. (h) Also denoted Cu7Si. (j) Onginally denoted q'
400

Si Weight P e r c e n t Copper Cu

Cu-Sn N. Saunders and A.P. Miodownik, 1990

Atomic P e r c e n t Tin
o 10 eo 30 40 50 80 70 80 80 loo Composition, Pearson Space
I200 Phw wt% Sn symbol group

FmTm
Im3m
F m m
F43m
P63
Cmcm
P63lmmc
...
I4llamd
Fdsm

Note: Lattice parameter data can be found in [Pearson31. (a) Hexagonal; superlattice based on NiAs-type
structure

Cu W e ~ g h t P e r c e n t Tin Sn
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams/2*179

Cu-Sr D.J.Chakrabarti and D.E. Laughlin, 1984

Atomic Percent Strontium
0 I0 Composition, Pearson Space
Phase w t % Sr symbol group

Pressure-stabilized form
BSr or Sr-11 100 c12 Im5m

Cu-Te H. Okamoto, unpublished

Atomic Percent Tellurium
Composition, Pearson Space
1600 Phrse wt% Te symbol group

0 ) 0 cF2 FmTm
CuzTe group
A 50 to 53.6 cF12 FdTm
B 50 to 52.99 hP6 P6/mmm
C 50.4 to 52.5 hP* ...
D 50.46 to 51.1 o* * ...
E 50.3 to 50.46 o** ...
F 5 1.0 to 52 o* * ...
G 51.3 to 51.6 o** ...
H 52.12 to 53.1 hP72 P3ml
I 52.23 to 52.88 ... ...
J 52.23 to 52.6 hP * ...
K 52.9 to 53.3 hP22 P3ml
L 54 to 58 tP6 P4lnmm
L' 55 to 58 ... ...
M 58 to 59 ... ...
N 57 to 58.8 ... ...
CuTe 67 oP4 Pmmn
(Te) 100 hP3 P3i21
Cu Welght Percent T e i l u r ~ u m Te High-pressure phase
CuTez 50.1 cP12 Pa3

Details of the Cu-Te phase diagram from 49.7 to 53.6 wt0Io Te

Atomic Percent 'I'elluriurn

Weight Percent Tellurium

201 82/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Cu-Zn A.P. Miodownik, unpublished

A t o m ~ cP e r c e n t Zinc
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Zn symbol group

a or (Cu) 0 to 38.95 cF4 F ~ T ~

P 36.8 to 56.5 cI2 1m3m
P' 45.5 to 50.7 cP2 PmTm
Y 57.7 to 70.6 cI52 143m
S 73.02 to 76.5 hP3 ~6
E 78.5 to 88.3 hP2 P63/mmc
9 or (Zn) 97.25 to 100 hP2 P63/mmc

100

Cu Weight P e r c e n t Zinc Zn

Cu-Zr D. Arias and J.P. Abriata, 1990

A t o m ~ cP e r c e n t Z ~ r c o n i u m
Composition, Pear son Space
Phase wt% Zr symbol UP
-

Fm3m
P4/m
P6/m
Pnma
...
Pmm
I4/m-nm
Im3m
P63Immc
(a) Tetragonal long-period superlattice derived from the AuBe5-type structure

Weight Percent Z ~ r c o n ~ u m

Dy-Fe H. Okamoto, 1992

Atomlc Percent D y s p r o s ~ u m Composition, Pearsoo Space
Phase wt% Dy symbol group

1500

14W

U
0 1300
w
Y
d
m 1202

g
D

1,-

low

900

8W
0 10 20 30 40 60 70 80 90
Fe Weight Per Dysprosium
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams/2*179

Cu-Sr D.J.Chakrabarti and D.E. Laughlin, 1984

Atornlc Percent S t r o n t l u r n
0 Composition, Pearson Space
Phase w t % Sr symbol group

(CU) 0 cF4 Fmm

CusSr 21.62 hP6 P6/mmm
CuSr 58.0 hP8(?) P63lmmc
@Sr) 100 c12 Im3m
(asr) 100 cF4 Fm3m
Pressure-stabilized f o r m

Cu-Te H. Okamoto, unpublished

Atomic P e r c e n t T e l l u r ~ u m
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Composition, Pearson Space
Phace wt% Te symbol group

0) 0 cF2 Fm?m
CuzTe group
A 50 to 53.6 cF12 FdTm
B 50 to 52.99 hP6 P61mmm
C 50.4 to 52.5 hP * ...
D 50.46 to 51.1 o* * ...
E 50.3 to 50.46 o* * ...
F 5 1.0 to 52 o** ...
G 51.3 to 51.6 of * ...
H 52.12 to 53.1 hP72 P3ml
I 52.23 to 52.88 ... ...
J 52.23 to 52.6 hP * ...
K 52.9 to 53.3 hP22 P3ml
L 54 to 58 tP6 P4lnmm
L' 55 to 58 ... ...
M 58 to 59 ... ...
N 57 to 58.8 ... ...
CuTe 67 oP4 Pmmn
(Te) 100 hP3 P3,21
High-pressure phase
CuTe2 50.1 cP12 Pa3

Details of the Cu-Te phase diagram from 49.7 to 53.6 wt0/0 Te

A t o m ~ cPercent T e l l u r ~ u r n

We~ghtPercent Tellurium
201 80/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

D.J. Chakrabarti, D.E. Laughlin, and D.E. Peterson, 1986

Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Th symbol group

(Cu) Fm%n
Cu,Th Pnma
Cu3.6Th P6/m
Cu2Th P6lmm
CuTh(b) Cmcm
CuThz Mlycm
(PTh) Im3m
(aTh) FmTm
(a) Hexagonal. (b) Metastable

Cu Welght P e r c e n t T h o r l u m Th

Cu-Ti J.L. Murray, 1987

A t o r n ~ c P e r c e n t Copper
Composition, Pearson Space
~ 1 cu
% symbol group

(aTi) P63Immc
@Ti) ImTm
TizCu I4/mm
TiCu P4/nmm
Ti3Cu4 I4/mmm
Ti2Cu3 P4/nmm
TiCuz Amm2
TiCu4 Pnma
aTiCu4 14/m
(Cu) Fm3m
Metastable phases
TiCu3 Pmnm
B" P41mmm

TI Welght P e r c e n t Copper Cu

Transformation of $Tic114 t,aTiCu4

Atornlc P e r c e n t Copper

Weight P e r c e n t Copper Cu
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams/2.181

D.J.Chakrabarti and D.E. Laughlin, 1984

Atomic Percent Thallium
Composition, Pearson Space
lua Phme wt% TI symbol group
- -
-

(cu) 0 to 0.89 cF4 Fm3m

(aTU loo hp2 P6glmmc
(PTO 100 c12 Im5m
Pressure-stabilized phase
100 cF? ...

0
Cu Weight Percent Thallium T1

J.F. Smith and O.N. Carlson, 1989

A t o m i c Percent Copper
Composition, Pearson Space
2 m Phme wt% CU symbol ErOUD

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 10 BO 90 LM
V Weight Percent Copper Cu

P.R. Subramanian and D.E. Laughlin, 1988

A t o r n ~ cP e r c e n t Y t t e r b ~ u r n
0 10 20 30 10 50 60 70 80 SO I00 Composition, Pearson Space
I200 Phme wt% Yb symbol WOUD
-

0 ) 0 cF4 ~~3~
Cu,Yb -35.26 hP6 P6lmmm
CuzYb -57.6 011 2 Imma
CuYb -73.1 oP8 Pnma
(YY~) 100 c12 Im3m
( W ) -99.99 to 100 cF4 F ~ S ~
(aYb) 100 hP 2 P6dmmr
201 82/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Cu-Zn A.P. Miodownik, unpublished

Atomlc P e r c e n t Z ~ n c
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Zn symbol group

100
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 00 100
Cu Weight P e r c e n t Zinc Zn

Cu-Zr D. Arias and J.P. Abriata, 1990

Atomic P e r c e n t Zirconium Composition, Pearson Space
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 80 100
1300 Phase wt% Zr symbol group

1200 i 0 )
Cugzrda)
cu51zr14
0 to -0.172
24.18
28.27
cF4
tP24
hP65
FmJm
P41m
P6/m
Cu8Zr3 34.99 oP44 Pnma
ChoZr7 50.13 oC68 ...
CuZr 58.9 cP2 Pmm
CuZrz 74.17 t16 I4/m-m
(PZr) -97.8 to 100 c12 Im3m
(aW -99.86 to 100 hP2 P63/mmc
(a) Tetragonal long-period superlattice derived from the AuBe5-type structure

Cu Weight P e r c e n t Z l r c o n ~ u m Zr

Dy-Fe H. Okamoto, 1992

Atornlc Percent D y s p r o s l u m Composition, Pearson Space
0
16W
10 20 30
--.--I
40 50 60 70
-
80 90 1
Phase wt% Dy symbol group

..
0 10 20 30 40
Fe Weight Percent Dysprosium Dv

--- -
- t
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrarns/2.183

Dy-Ga From [Moffattl

Atamkc Percent Dysprosium
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 60 90 190 Composition, Pearson Space
, ,

1
-T--T L __TII I _..f... i phase wt% DY symbol group

L L;y: 28.0
0
44
oC8
tP14
cP4
Cmca
P4/n_bm
Pm3m
yGa3Dy
PGa3Dy 44 hP40 P631mmc
aGalDy 44 hP16 ~ 3 m
GazDy 53.8 hP3 P61mmm
G~DY 70.0 oC8 Cmcm
Ga3Dys 79.5 1/32 Mlmcm
(PDY) 100 c12 Im3m
(~DY) 100 hP 2 P6slmmc

........ -.....
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 60 90 100
Ga W e ~ g h tP e r c e n t Dyspros~um Dv

Dy-Ge V.N. Eremenko, V.G. Batalin, Yu.1. Buyanov, and I.M.

Obushenko, 1977
,n 100
4 Compos~t~on, Pearson Space
I Phase wt% Ge symbol group

(PDY) 0 c12 Im5m

(aDy) 0 hP2 P6jImmc
DysGe3 -21 4 hP16 P63/mcm
DysGe4 26 3 oP36 Pnma
DyGe 30 9 oC8 Cmcm
yDy2Ge3 40
PDy2Ge3 40
aDy,Ge? 40 hP3 P6lmmm
DYG,
R; 45.0 ...
DyGe2 47.2 1/12
o**(a)
DyCe2.84 56 ...
(Ge) 100 hR2
(a) High-temperature (>750 T)phase?

.-. . . , ....---
30 40 50 60 70 GO 90 I00
W e ~ g h t Percent Germanium (;P

H. Okamoto, 1992
Atomic Percent Indium
Composition, Pearson Space
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 60 QO 100
Phise wt% I n symbol group

Im3m
P6jlmmc
19 P41mmm
Dy2In 26.1 P6jlmmc
D~5In3 29.8 I4I~cm
DyIn 37 to 4 Pm3m
Dy3Ins 54.1 Cmcm
D Y ~ 68 Pm7m
(In) 100 I4lmmm
(a) Not accepted in the assessed d ~ a g r a m

W e ~ g h tP e r c e n t lndlum In
20184/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Dy-Mn H.R. Kirchmayr and W. Lugscheider, 1967

Atomic Percent Manganese
Composition, Pearson Space
1600 Phase wt% Mn symbol group

(my) 0 cl2 ImTm

(aDy) 0 hP2 P63Immc
DYMn2 40.4 cF24 Fdxm
D~6Mnz3 56.4 cF116 Fm3m
DyMn12 80.2 1126 14Im-mm
(6Mn) 100 CIZ Im3m
(Wn) 100 cF4 ~m3m
(PMn) loo CP~O P4]32
(aMn) loo ~ 185 IZ3m

W e ~ g h t Percent Manganese Mn

Dy-Ni Y.Y. Pan and P. Nash, 1991

Atornlc Percent N ~ c k e l
Composition, Pearson Space
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
1600 ~ - r L . . . ~ ~ C r A - - - , - . I . . . . . . . . ~ . - ,
70 80
.- Phnse wt% Ni symbol group

(~DY) 0 ~12 1m3m

(DY) 0 hP2 P63lmmc
(~'DY) 0 0c4 cmcm
Dy3Ni 10.7 opt6 Pnma
D~3Niz 19.4 mC2O C2lm
DyNi 26.5 oP8 Pbcm
DyNi2 42.0 cF24 F<3m
DyNi3 52.0 hRL4 R*
D~zNi7 55.9 hR.54 R3m
hP36 P631mmc
DyNi4 59.1 ... ...
D~4Ni~7 61 ... ...
DyNiS 64.3 hP6 P63lmmm
D ~ ~ N i ~ 7 75.5 hP38 P63l~mc
(NO 100 cF4 Fm3m
(a) Low-temwratureform. (b) High-temwrature form

Welght P e r c e n t N ~ c k e l

Dy-Pb O.D. McMasters, T.J. O'Keefe, and K.A. Gschneidner, Jr., 1968
Atomlc Percent Lead
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Composition, Pearson Space
Phme wt% Ph symbol woup

c12 Im3m
hP2 P63lmmc
hP16 P63lmcm
oP36 Pnma
... ...
... ...
cP4 Prnm
cF4 ~ m b
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams/2.185

Dy-Pd H. Okamoto, 1990

Atomic P e r c e n t P a l l a d i u m
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Composition, Penrson Space
80
2 0 0 0 7 7 - Phase wt% Pd symbol group

W e ~ g h tP e r c e n t P a l l a d ~ u m

H. Okamoto, 1990
Atornlc P c r c e n t Sulfur
Composition, Pearson Space
wt% S symbol group

1m3m
P631mmc
Fm3m
C2/m
1T3d
Pnma
...
FdTm
Fddd

0 3
4 8

, , , , , I--*-T-d
10 15 20 25
Welght P e r c e n t Sulfur

Dy-Sb H. Okamoto, 1990

A t o r n ~ cP e r c e n t A n t ~ m o n y
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1 Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Sb symbol wow
2.1 86lBinary Alloy Phase Diagrams
Dy-Sn H. Okamoto, 1990
Atomic Percent Tin
Composition, Pearson Space
1600
Phw wt% Sn symbol group

(PDY) o CI? 1m3~

(~DY) 0 hP2 P631mmc
DY& 26.7 ... ...
DYsSn3 30.5 hP16 P631mcm
D~sSn4 36.8 of36 Pnma
DYIIS~IO 39.9 tI84 14lmmm
DySn 42.2 ... ...
DY& 45.1 ... ...
Dy4Sn7 56.1 ... ...
DYS~Z 59.4 0~12 cm~m
DySn4 75 ...
(PSn) 100 114 1411amd
(aSn) 100 CF8 ~d3m
High-pressure phase
DySns 69 cP4 Pmm

DY

Dy-Te H. Okamoto, 1990

Atomic Percent Tellurium
0 I0 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1
Composition, Pearson Space
2000 Phase wt% Te symbol group

WY) o d2 1m3m
(~DY) 0 hP2 P631mmc
DyTe 44.0 cFX FmTm
DY 3% 51.1 t o 54 OFSO ~ddd
Dy4Te.l 57.8 tP6 P4lnmm
DY& 63.8 ... ...
D~4Tell 68.3 ... ...
(Td 100 hP3 P3,21
Other phases
DYzT% 66.2 oC28 Cmcm
DYTe3 70 oC16 Cmcm
tP16 P4dn

S. Delfino, A. Saccone, A. Palenzona, and R. Ferro, unpublished

Atomic Percent Thallium
Composition, Pearson Space
1600 Phase wt% TI symbol group

(PDY) 0 to -6 c12 Im3m

(~DY) 0 to ? hP2 P63lmmc
DYzT' -38 t o -39 hP6 P63/mmc
DY~T'~ -43 to -44 hP16 P63/mcm
Dy5T13+, ? tI32 I4/m_cm
DyTKa) 55 t o -59 C P ~ Pm2m
(or '212) Im3m
DyTKb) -55 to -59 tP2 P4/mmm
DY3Th -67 t o -68 oC32 Cmcm
DYT~ 79 cp4 pm3m
(P'W 100 cI2 ImTm
(aT1) 100 hP2 P6glmmc
(a) Cubic structure presumed to be room- and higher temperature phases. (b) Tetragonal structure
presumed to be lower temperature phase

Welght Percent Thallium TI

 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams/2*187

Dy-Zr J . Croni, C.E. Armantrout, and H. Kato, 1960

Atomic Percent Z ~ r c o n l u m
Composition, Pearson Space
0 LO 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
a00 -
, Phase wt% Zr symbol group

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 IW
DY W e l ~ h tPercent Zlrconlurn Zr

Er-Fe H. Okamoto, 1992

Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Er symbol group

c12 lm5m
cF4 ~ m m
c12 1m7m
hP38 P6glymr
cF116 Fm3m
hR12 R3"
cF24 Fd3m
hP2 P63lmmc

Er-Ga H. Okamoto, 1990

Atorn~c Percent C r b l u m Composition, Pearson Space
20 30 40
Phase wi% Er symbol group

(Ga) 0 oC8 Cmca

G%Er 28.6 tP14 P4/ybm
Ga,Er 44 cP4 Pm3m
GazEr 54.5 hP 3 P61mmm
Ga5Er3 59.0 oP32 Pnma
GaEr 70.6 oC8 Cmcm
Ga3Er5 80.0 hP16 P63Imcm
(Er) 100 hP2 P6slmmc
20188/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Er-Ge H. Okamoto, 1990

A t o m ~ cPercent Germanium
0 LO 20 30 50 60 70 60 90 Composition, Pearson Space
2000
Phase w1% Ge symbol group

(Er) 0 hP2 P6jlmmc

Er5Ge3 -20.7 hP16 P6jlmcm
Er5Ge4 25.7 of36 Pnma
ErllGe10 28.3 r184 141mmm
Effie 30.3 oC8 Cmcm
EqGes 35.2 ... ...
PErzGes 39 hP3 P6lmmm
aEr2Ge3 39 ... ...
"~Effiez 46.5 ... ...
PErGe2 46.5 ... ...
aEffie2 46.5 ... ...
Effie3, 55 oCl6 C222,
(Ge) 100 cF8 Fdlm

H. Okamoto, 1992
Atomic Percent Indium
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 80 1 Composition, Penrson Space
1 6 0 0 0 Phase wt% I n symbol group

(aEr) 0 to 5 hP2 P63lmmc

"(PEr)" ? t o 15 d2 Im5m
ErtIn 25.5 hP6 P63lmmc
Er51n3 29.2 to 36 hP16 P631n~rn
ErIn 40.7 cP2 Pm3m
Er31n5 53.4 oC32 Cmgm
ErIn3 67 cP4 Pm3m
(In) 100 112 1 4 1 ~ ~ ~

Weight Percent l n d ~ u m In

Er-Mn H.R. Kirchmayr and W. Lugscheider, 1967

Atomic Percent Manganese
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% M n symbol erouu

Er Weight Percent Manganese Mn

 Binary Alloy Phase Diagramsl2.189

Er-Ni Y.Y. Pan and P. Nash, 1991

Atornlc P e r c e n t N l c k e l Composition, Pearson Space
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Phe wt% Ni symbol group
A-+-L-Ld&--Cv-------*

(Er) P6jlmmc
Er,Ni Pnma
1600
Er3Ni2 ~3
ErNi Pnma
ErNi2 ~ 6 m
ErNi, R3"
ErzNi7 R3m
ErNi, P6jlmmc
Er4Ni17 ...
Er5Niz2 ...
ErNiS P6lmmm
Er2Ni,, P63/ymc
(Ni) Fm3m

. . . . .
Er W e ~ g h tP e r c e n t N ~ c k e l N1

Er-Pd H. Okamoto, 1991

Atornlc P e r c e n t P a l l n d ~ u r n Composition, Pearson Space
0 10
1800 - 4 - 4 .
20 10 40 50 60 70 80
-+.~I---__C_-,---'..--
90
.--+
100
Phme wt% Pd symbol group

(a) Sim~larityto SmlOPdZl1s assumed.

Er Welght P e r c e n t P a l l a d ~ u m Pd

Er-Pt H. Okamoto, 1990

Aiamlc Percent P l a t l n u m Composition, Pearson Space
60 70 80 00 100
Phme wt% Pt symbol group

(Er) 0 hP2 P63lmmc

Er,Pt 28 oP16 Pnma
Er2Pt 36.8 oP12 Pnma
Er5Pt3 41.2 hP16 P63Imcm
Er5Pt4 48.2 oP36 Pnma
ErPt 53.8 oP8 Pnma
U Er,Pt4
2
ErPt,
2
m ErPt,
ErPt,
e
(Pt)
+5

Er Weight P e r c e n t P l a t l n u m Pt
2.1 90/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Er-Ru H. Okarnoto, 1990

A t o m ~ cPercent Ruthenium
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Composition, Pearson Space
1 8 0 0 8
Phase wt% Ru symbol group

(Er) 0 hP2 P63Immc

Er3Ru 17 of16 Pnma
Er5Ru2 19.5 mC28 C2Ic
Er44Ruz5 25.4 oP276 Pnma
Er3Ru2 29 hPlO P63Im
ErRu2 54.8 hP12 P63lmmc
(Ru) 100 hP2 P6dmmc

Er-Se H. Okarnoto, 1990

Atomic Percent Selenium
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Composition, Pearson Space
2000 Phlse wt% Se symbol group
1
(Er) 0 hP2 P631mmc
ErSe 32.1 cF8 Fm3m
Er2Se3 38.6 to 42 oF8O Fddd
PErSe2 48.6 oC132 Cmma
aErSe2 48.6 0112 Immm
(Se) 100 hP3 P3121

-
Weight

Er-Te H. Okarnoto, 1990

Composition, Pearson Space
Phlse wt% Te symbol group

(Er) 0 hP 2 P631pmc
ErTe 43.3 cF8 Fm3m
Er2Te3 53 oF80 Fddd
ErTe3 70 oc16 Cmcm
(Te) 100 hP 3 P3121
High-temperature, high-pressure phase
ErTez 60.4 tP6 P4lnmm

Er Weight Percent Tellurium Te

 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams/2*191

Er-Ti J.L. Murray, 1987

A t o m ~ cP e r c e n t E r b ~ u m Composition, Pearson Space
wt% Er symbol group

1320 i 20%

TI Welght P e r c e n t Erbium Er

S. Delfino, A. Saccone, A. Palenzona, and R. Ferro, unpublished

Atomic P e r c e n t Thalllum
Composition, Pearson Space
w t l TI symbol group

hP2 P63fmmc
hP16 P6glmcm
t132 Mlmcm
cP2 pm3m
(or cI2) lm3m
rP2 P4lmmm
oC32 Cym
cP4 Pm3m
cI2 1m3m
hP2 P6jlmmc
(a) Cubic structure presumed to be rwm-temperature and higher temperature phases. (b) Tetragonal
ssucture presumed to be lower temperature phase

Er Weight P e r c e n t T h a l h u m T1

Eu-Ga S.P. Yatsenko, B.G. Semenov, and K.A. Chuntonov, 1978

Atomic P e r c e n t Gdlliurrl
Composition, Pearson Space
10 20 30 40
.A-,+.--*.,.-L--.+-.+.+
50 60 70
..,- 80
+ -..- ,--...-..
90
1 -
1
Phw wt% G a symbol group

1m3m
...
...
...
P6lmmm
Imma
...
14/mmm
Cmca
(a) Hexagonal structure presumed to be lower temperature phase. (b) Cubic structure presumed to be higher
temperature phase

Weight Percent Gailium Ga

..".---"--",-" ............ ----- .-- ....... ............

.,
2.1 92IBinary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Eu-Ge A.B. Gokhale and G.J. Abbaschian, 1991

Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Ge symbol group

Im3m
Cmcm
...
...
...
...
P?m 1
Fdsm
(a) Hexagonal structure

H. Okamoto, 1990
Atornlc Percent l n d ~ u m
0 10 20 30 40 50 80 70 80 SO 100 Composition, Pearson Space
Phnse wt% I n symbol group

(Eu) 0 c12 ) ImTm

PEu21n 27.4 .. ...
aEu21n 27.4 .. . ...
EuIn 43.0 ... ...
EuIn2 60.1 hP6 P63lmmc
EuIn, 75.1 .. . ...
(In) 100 tl2 I4lmmm

Eu W e ~ g h tP e r c e n t l n d ~ u m In

Eu-Mg H. Okamoto, 1992

Atomic Percent Europium
0 10 Composition, Pearson Space
9 0 20 0 30 40 50 60 70800 Phase wt% Eu symbol group
I'C
(Mg) 0 hP2 P63lmmc
Mgt7E~~ 42.3 hP38 P631mmc
MgsEu 55.6 hP36 P63/mmc
Mg4Eu 61 hP90 P63lmmc
Mg2Eu 75.7 hP12 P63lpmc
Mg Eu 86.2 cP2 Pm2m
(EN 100 c12 Im3m
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams/2.193

Eu-Pb O.D. McMasters and K.A. Gschneidner, jr., 1967

Atomlc P e r c e n l Lead
Composition, Pearsun Space
phase wt% ~b symbol group

(Eu) 0 el2 1m5m

EuzPb -40 to 40.5 oP12 Pnma
Eu5Pb3 45.0 1/32 I4/mcm
PEuPb -57.7 ... ...
aEuPb(a) -57.7 tP2 P4Immm
EuPb3 80 cP4 pmzm
(Pb) 100 cF4 Fm3m
(a) Crystal structure data might be for PEuPb.

Eu Welght P e r c e n t Lead Ph

H. Okamoto, 1990
Composition, Pearson Space
phase wt% ~d symbol group

(Eu) 0 c12 Im3m

Eu5Pd2 21.8 mC28 C2jc
Eu3Pd2 32 hR15 R3
EuPd 41.2 oC8 Cmcm
EuPd2 58.4 ... ...
EuPd3 68 cP4 ~m3m
EuPd5 77.7 0*72 ...
EuPd, -83.1 c** ...
(Pd) -86 to 100 cF4 F ~ J ~

A. landelli and A. Palenzona, 1981

Composition, Pearson Space
Phme wt% Pt symbol group

(Eu) 0 c12 lm3m

Eu,Pt 13 cF * ...
Eu5Pt2 34.0 mC28 C2jc
Eu3Pt2 46 hR15 R3
EuSPt4 50.6 oP36 Pnma
EuPt? 7 0 to 78 cF24 Fd3m
Eu2Pt7 81.8 hP36 P63/mmc
EuPt5 86.5 o** ...
(Pt) 100 cF4 Fm3m
2.1 94/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Eu-Te O.A. Sadovskaya and E.I. Yarembash, 1970

Atamlc Percent Tellurium
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Te symbol group

03 0 c12 Im3m
EuTe 46 t o 52.8 cF8 Fm?m
Eu4Te, 59.5 ... ...
Eu3Te, 66 .. . ...
(Te) 100 hP3 P3121

(W-

Eu

Fe-Ca H. Okamoto, 1992

Atomic Percent Galllum
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Ga symbol group

We) 0 to 3.5 cF4 Fmm

We) Ot041 cl? lm?m
a' 36.5 t o 53.0 cP2 Pm3m
a" 26.9 to 37.1 cF16 FmTm
a"' 26.9 t o 30.4 cF16 Fm3m
PFe3Ga 30.5 to 33.8 hPX P631mmc
aFe,Ga 30.7 to 34.0 cP4 Pmm
PFe6Ga5 50.0 to 51.0 hR26 R?m
aFe6Ga5 50.0 to 51.0 mC44 C2lm
FegGal 61.9 to 63.3 mC42 C2lm
f*63 ...
FeGa3 79 tP16 PZn2
fP16 P4dmnm
(aGa) 100 oc8 Cmca
Metastable phase
Fe13Gag 46.4 ... ...

Fe-Cd H. Okamoto, 1992

Atomlc Percent Gadolinium
Composition, Pearson Space
1600
Phase wt% Gd symbol group

(6Fe) 0 ~ 1 2 lm3m
We) 0 cF4 Fm?m
We) 0 ~ 1 2 Im3m
PFe17Gdz 24.8 hP38 P6jlmmc
aFe17GdZ 24.8 hR19 R3m
Fe23Gd6 42.4 cF116 F@m
Fe,Gd 48 hR12 R3_m
FezGd 58.4 cF24 Fd2m
(PGd) 100 c12 Im3m
(aGd) 100 hP2 P631mmc
Questionable phases
FeSGd 24 hP* ...
Fe17Gdz 24.8 hP8 P6lmmm
FeSGd 36.1 hP6 P6lmmm
Fe4Gd 41 hPlO ...
Fe7Gdz 44.6 0'18 ...
FesGdz 65 c*30 ...
Fe Weight Percent Gadolinium Gd
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams/2*195

Fe-Ge E. Kato and S. Nunoue, 1992

Atornlc Percent Gerrnanlum Composition, Pearson Space
20 30 10 50 ti0 70 80 90 100
1 8 0 0 ~ Phase . ~ wt% Ge ~ symbol group

(Pel 0 to 4.4 cF4 ~m?m

We) o to 21.6 c12 1m3m
a2 12.6 to 26.8 C P ~ pm3m
UI 18.9 to 25.7 ~ ~ 1 6 ~m?m
e(Fe3Ge) 28.8 to 31.0 hP8 P63/mmc
E'(F~,G~) 28.8 to 31.0 cP4 ~m?m
B 39.6 to 47.5 hP4 P63lmmc
rl 47.3 to 50.0 hP6 P63/mmc
Fe,Ge5 52.0 ... C2/m
FeGe 56.5 ... C21m
hP6 P6lmmm
cP8 P213
FeGez 72.3 112 14/m_cm
(Gel 100 cF8 Fd3m

Fe We~ght Percent G e r m a n ~ u m Ge

A. San-Martin and F.D. Manchester, 1992

Atomic Percent Hydrogen Composition, Pearson Space
0 005 01 015 02 025 03 035 04
~ a o o .j . . A , - . , c ,. . ! - , . . .! . . . , . . . . ! . . . , . ' -,..'....+ 7 Pharo wt% H symbol group

(6Fe) or 6 0 to 0.0013 el2 Im3m

(We) or y 0 to 0.0008 cF4 ~m?m
(aFe) or a 0 to 0.0003 c12 lm3m
Metastable phases
E 1.2 to 1.4(a) hP2 P63lmmc
hP4 P63/mmc
hP4 P63mc
(a) Produced under a pressure of 6.7 GPa at 250 "C

Fe Weight Percent Hydrogen

Fe-Hf H. Okamoto, 1992

Atomlc Percent H a f n ~ u m
Composition, Pearson Space
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
2400 0 Pharo wt% Hf symbol group

Fe Weight Percent Hafnium Hf

2.1 98/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

H.A. Wriedt, N.A. Cokcen, and R.H. Nafziger, 1992

Atornlc Percent N ~ t r o g e n
10 20 30 Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% N symbol ~rouo

Stable at 0.1 MPa

(6Fe) 0 to -0.9 ImTm
We) 0 to 2.8 Fmm
We) 0 to 0.10 Im3m
Fe4N 5.7 to 5.9 P m m or P43m
E -4 to -11 P6glmmc
Fe2N -11.1 ...
FeN, -6 1 ...
FeN9 -69 ...
Other phases
(~Fe)(a) 0 to ?
Martensite 0 to 0.6
0.7 to 2.6
Fe16N~ -3.0
(a) Stable at pressures >13 GPa. (b) bct

Fe W e ~ g h t P e r c e n t Nitrogen

Fe-Nb E. Paul and L.J. Swartzendruber, 1992

Atornlc P c r c e n t Nloblum
10 40 50 80 70 80 90 Composition, Pearson Space
Phsse wt% Nh symbol lrouo

6 or (6Fe)
u or W e )
a or (aFe)
E or Fe2Nb
or FeNb
(Nb)

Fe We~ght P r r r r n t Niobium
Nb

Fe-Nd W. Zhang, C. Liu, and K. Han, 1992

Atomlc P e r c e n t Neodymium
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% ~d symbol group

@Fe)(a) 0 c12 ImSm

(yFe)(b) oto-1 C F ~ Fmym
(aFe)(c) 0 to -1.1 ~ 1 2 Im?m
Fel7Ndz 23.3 (d) RTm
(BW(e) 100 CIZ 1m3m
(aNd)(f) 100 hP4 P63lmmc
Metastable phase
Fes+xNd ... hP6 P6lmmm
(a) From 1538 to 1394 T . (b) From <I394 to 912 "C. (c) Below 912 "C. (d) Rhombohedral. (e) From
1021 to 863 "C. (0Below 863 ' C

Fe Weight P e r c e n t Neodymium Nd
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrarns/2*195

Fe-Ce E. Kato and S. Nunoue, 1992

Atornlc P e r c e n t Gcrrnarrium Composition, Pearson Space
30 80
-0061
0 10 2? 40
,' ,
50
A--T ---*--.-.-i---L--.h---t
60 70 80 100
Phase wt% Ge symbol group

We) ~ m m
W e ) 1m3m
a2
Pm3m
a, Fmm
e(Fe3Ge) P631mrnc
e'(Fe,Ge) ~m3m
P P631mmc
rl P631mmc
Fe6Ges C2Im
FeGe C2Im
P6/mmm
P2,3
FeGez I4Inyn
(Ge) Fd3m

Fe We~ght Percent G e r m a n ~ u m Ge

A. San-Martin and F.D. Manchester, 1992

A t o m ~ cPercent Hydrogen Composition, Pearson Space
.,... . ' ...,...'
0 005 01 015 02 025 03 035 04
l s o o ~ - - - T - T - .T
. . . !. . . .! . . , Phase wt% H symbol group
L ,' L+H2 P=O.l MPa
(6Fe)or 6 0 to 0.0013 c12 1m9m
................... r'
' -1538.C W e ) or Y 0 to 0.0008 cF4 ~m%m
(aFe) or a 0 to 0.0003 c12 1m3m
Metastable phases
E 1.2 to 1.4(a) hP2 P63Immc
hP4 P63lmmc
of H lolubility and ore not hP4 P6pc
(a) Produced under a pressure of 6.7 GPa at 250 "C

Fe We~ght Percent Hydrogen

Fe-Hf H. Okamoto, 1992

A t o m ~ cPercent H a f n ~ u m Composition, Pearson Space
wt% HI symbol group

0 to 6 c12 lm3m
0 to 1.6 cF4 Fm3m
0 to 0.70 c12 Im?m
52 to 61.2 hP12 P6jlmmc
61.5 hP24 P631mmc
61.5 cF24 ~d%n
85.6 to 86.6 cF96 Fd7m
'to 100 c12 Im3m
?to 100 hF'2 P63lmmc

Ye Weight Percent Hafnium Hf

2.1 96/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Fe-Ho H. Okamoto, 1992

Atomic Percent Holmium
Composition, Pearson Space
1600 Phase wt% Ho symbol group

(6Fe) ImTm
We) FmTm
We) ImTm
Fe17H02 P63Immc
Fe23H06 Fm3m
Fe3Ho RKm
FezHo Fd3m
(Ho) P63lmmc
Metastable phase

83.8

(no)-

Fe Weight Percent Holmlum

1.1. Swartzendruber, 1992

A t o ~ n ~Percent
c Ir~d~um - -
Composition, Pearson Space
..--..,-
naoof & . . +20 ' - ~
30
~ 40+ 50. -60 70 60 90100
Phase wt 5% Ir symbol group

We) 0 to -23 ~ 1 2 ImTm

(yFe,Ir) 0 to 100 cF4 ~~3~
(6Fe) 0 to 7 cI2 ImTm
E -45 to 80 hP2 P6slmmc

Fe-La H. Okamoto. 1992

Atomic Percent L a n t h a n u m
Composition, Pearson Space
1600 Phase wt% La symbol group

(6Fe) 0 cI2 ImTm

We) 0 cF4 Fmm
We) o ~ 1 2 ImTm
(V-a) 100 cI2 ImTm
(PW 100 cF4 ~m3m
@La) 100 hP4 P6slmmc

000-C

785'C
Yagn. Tranr 770.C
700

600

Fe We~ght Percent L a n t h a n u m La
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams/2*197

Fe-Lu H. Okamoto, 1992

Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% L u symbol group
63T

(6Fe) o ~12 h3m

We) o cF4 ~msm
(aFe) o ~12 1m3m
Fe~7Luz 24.7 to 26.9 hP38 P631mmc
Fez3Lu6 45.0 cF116 Fm3m
Fe3Lu 51 hR12 R%
FelLu 61.0 cF24 Fd3m
(Lu) 100 hP2 P63lmmc
Metastable phase
... -76 hP12 P63lmmc

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Fe W e ~ g h tP e r c e n t L u t e t l u m Lu

Fe-Mn H. Okamoto, 1992

A t o m ~ cP e r c e n t Manganese
0 I0 20 30 40 50 GO 70 80 YO 100
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% M n symbol group

lm3m
Fmm
1m3m
Im3m
P4,32
IZ3m

I4lmmm
P631mmc
...

0 10 2 - Y - G ' F ; * - 7 8 7 _ _ 7 ; 1 0 4 0
Fe W e ~ g h tP e r c e n t Manganese Mn

Fe-Mo A. Fernindez Guillermet, 1992

Atomlc Percent Molybdenum
Composition, Penrson Space
0 10 20 30 40 54 60 70 80 90 1
Z7W Phase wt% MO symbol group

0 10 20 30 40 50 M 70 80 90 100
Fe Weight P e r c e n t M o l y b d e n u m Mo
2.1 98/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Fe-N H.A. Wriedt, N.A. Cokcen, and R.H. Nafziger, 1992

Atomlc P e r c e n t N ~ t r o g e n
Composition, Pearson Space
30
- Phase wt% N symbol group

Stable at 0.1 MPa

900
lm3m
FmSm
ImTm
P m m or P43m
P631mmc

P63lmmc
ImTm
...
I4Immm
(a) Stable at pressures >I3 GPa. (b) bct

Fe Welght P e r c e n t Nitrogen

Fe-Nb E. Paul and 1.1. Swartzendruber, 1992

Atomic P e r c e n t N ~ o b i u m
3? 40 50 80 70 80 90 Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Nb symbol group
--+-+&&
6 or (6Fe) 0 to 5.2 c12 ImTm
Y or W e ) 0 to 1.5 cF4 Fmm
a or (aFe) 0 to 1.2 cI2 Im5m
E or FezNb 38 to 51 hPl2 P63Immc
@ or FeNb 60 to 62 hR13 R3m
(Nb) 95.3 to 100 cI2 Im3m

-.-.-.-
Transformation

Fe-Nd W. Zhang, G. Liu, and K. Han, 1992

A t o m ~ cP e r c e n t Neodymium
Composition, Pearson Space
1600 Phase wt% Nd symbol group

0 c12 Im3m
(yFe)(b) 0 to -1 cF4 Fmm
(aFe)(c) o to-1.1 ~12 1m3m
Fe~7Ndz 23.3 (d) RT~
($Nd)(e) 100 ~ 1 2 Im3m
(aNd)(f) 100 hP4 P6glmmc
Metastable phase
FestxNd ... hP6 P6lmmm
(a) From 1538 to 1394 "C. (b) From <I394 to 912 'C. (c) Below 9 12 "C. (d) Rhombohedral. (e) From
1021 to 863 "C. (0 Below 863 OC

400

Fe W e ~ g h tP e r c e n t Neodymium Nd
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagramsl2.199

Fe-Ni L.J. Swartzendruber, V.P. Itkin, and C.B. Alcock, 1992

Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Ni symbol group

(6Fe)
(yFe, Ni)
We)
Fe3Ni(a)
FeNi(a)
FeNi3
(a) Metastable

Fe Wzight P e r c e n t N ~ c k e l NI

Fe-0 H.A. Wriedt, 1992

Atornlc P e r c e n t Oxygen Composition, Pearson Space
0 10 20 30 10 50 60
2000$, . ! , . , ' . . . , ! . . , . ! . , . , , i . .. , . , ; . . . . . . . phase ~ 1 % o symbol group

Stable phases
(6Fe) -0 c12 Irn3rn
We) -0 cF4 Fm3m
We) -0 ~12 11n3m
Wustite 23.15 to 25.60 cF8 Frnh
Fe30dLT) -27.6 mC224 c~
Fe3Od 27.56 to 28.36 cF56 Fd2m
aFe,03 -30.1 hRlO R3c
Other phases
(eFe)(a) o to ? hp2 P631rnrnc
P'(wustite) -23.2 to -24.8 c**(?)(b) ...
P"(wustite) -24 to -25 mP500(?) P21/rn
P(wustite) ... ... ...
Wustite(LT) 23.2 to 24.6 ~ W C ) R3
Fe3OXP)(d) -27.6 rn* 14 ...
$Fez03 -30.1 c180 1a3
. . . . . . . . , , . , . . . . . . . . , . .1 . . ) . . . , . . , . yFeZ03 -30.1 tP60 P43212
0
Fe
10 20
W e ~ g h t P e r c e n t Oxygen
30 40
eFe203 -30.1 m*100 ...
(a) Stable at pressures >13 GPa (b) Incommensurate or orthorhombic. (c) Magnetic reflections might
indicate linear cell dimensions are doubled, comsponding to hR16. (d) Stable at pressures >25 GPa

Fe-0 phase diagram from 22 to 31 wt% 0

A t o m l c P e r c e n t Oxygen
50 55 80
2000

400
22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
Weight P e r c e n t Oxygen
202OO/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

H. Okamoto, 1992
Atorn~c Percent Phosphurns
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Composition, Pearson Space
1800 + - L - + - + * ~ - ~ ~ - - F . A . - - - - - + Phase wt% P symbol ~ O U D

We) Fm3m
(ape) Im3m
Fe3P I4
FezP ~ 6 2 ~
FeP PnaZ1
FeP, Pnnm
FeP, P211c
(P)(white) ...
Metastable phases
Fe4+P <12 ...
(P) black 100 Cmca
High-pressure phases
Fe2P 21.7 Pnma
FeP4 69 C2221

Fe-Pd H. Okamoto, 1992

Atomic Percent P a l l a d ~ u m
Composition, Pearson Space
phase wt% ~d symbol group
565.C

(6Fe) 0 to 6.1 c12 Im3m

W e , Pd) 0 to 100 cF4 Fmm
We) 0 to 6.5 cI2 Im3m
FePd 64.2 to 74 tP2 P4lm-mm
FePd3 76 to ? cP4 Pm3m

0 10 20 30 40 50 00 70 80 90 100
Fe W e ~ g h tPercent Palladium Pd

Fe-Pu H. Okamoto, 1992

A t o m ~ cPercent Plutonium
0 LO 20 30 40 50 80 70 80 9mOO Composition, Pearson Space
wt% PU symbol group

(6Fe) 0 cI2 Im3m

We) 0 to -4 cF4 Fm3m
(aFe) 0 ~12 1m3m
yFe2Pu 68.6 c** ...
PFe2Pu 68.6 hP24 P63Immc
aFezPu 68.6 cF24 FdTm
FePu6 96.3 t128 I4lmcm
(EPu) 99.5 to 100 c12 1m7m
(6'Pu) -100 t12 I4lmmm
(6pu) 99.9 to 100 cF4 Fm3m
600
(Ypu) 100 oF8 Fddd
(PPu) 100 mC34 C2/m
400
(ah) 100 mP16 P21Irn

200

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 80 70 80 90 100
Fe Weight Percent Plutonium Pu
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams/2*201

Fe-Rh L J. Swartzendruber, 1992

Atornlc P e r c e n t Rhodlum
0 20 30 10 50 60 70 80 90 1W
Composition, Pearson Space
="/:
phasePwt% ~h I
symbol group
L
<

-:-,
*>

/:+-
.:- ,
(6Fe) 0 to 5 c12 lmSm
=-::.
_zzs=-
(yFe.Rh) 0 to 100 cF4 Fm3m
_________________---------- *........*-I=-
(aFe)
a'
0 to 30
19 to 6 9
c12
cP2
1m%
Pm%
-lam"c (yFe,Rh) i a" (chemical cell) 63 to 69 cp2 ~mSm
,
3
:,21
.,,
,,' ;
,,;,' :
,* ; *,
_.-C-..
.\..
; :
5 s
a" (magnetic cell) 6 3 to 69 cF16 FmSm

4 J .
II ; ,
I sI
5
:
$
; ; I
II I ',
0
; : r
I :
\T. i
\. ;
'": (aFe) / \.!
i a' +.-;

- - - - - - - -4
,&
,
.:'&
,,
0 0
0 10 u) 30 10 X
I 60 70 60 90 LOO
Fe Weight P e r c e n t Rhodium Rh

Fe-S From [Kubaschewskil

Atomic P e r c e n t S u l f u r
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 on 100 Composition, Pesrson Space
~ h m wt% s symbol group

(6Fe) 0 to -0.14 c12 Im7m

We) 0 to -0.05 cF4 Fmh
(aFe) 0 to 0.019 c12 Itn3m
yFeS 36.5 to 41 hP4 P63/mmc
PFeS 36.5 to -38 hP24 ~ 6 2 ~
aFeS 36.5 to -38 ... ...
PFeS2 -53.5 cP12 Pa3
aFeSz -53.5 OP6 Pnnm

Fe Welght P e r c e n t S u l f u r S

Fe-rich region of the Fe-S system

A t o m ~ cP e r c e n t S u l f u r
0 0 05 01 015
16004 . . . , '. , , . , .' , . ' . . , . . . . , , , , ,

b 0.05 01
Fe Weight P e r c e n t S u l f u r
20202/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Fe-Sb H. Okamoto, 1992

A t o r n ~ cPercent Antlmony
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Composition, Pearson Space
wt% Sb symbol IrouP

Metastable phase
FeSbn 90

Fe W e ~ g h t Percent Antlrnony Sb

Fe-Sc H. Okamoto, 1992

Atomlc Percent S c a n d ~ u m Composition, Pearson Space
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
1 7 0 0 0 Pbsse wt% Sc symbol WOUP

600

Fe Weight Percent Scandium Sc

Fe-Se H. Okamoto, 1992

Atornlc Percent Selenium Composition, Pearson Space
wt% Se symbol group

(SFe) lm3m
We) Fmsm
We) lm3m
B P4lnmm
6' ...
S P63/mmc
f C2Im
Y C21m
bFe7Se8 P3]21
aFe,Se8
FeSez Pnnm
We) P3121
Metastable phases
FeSe ...
FeSe P63/mmc
FeSe P4lmmm
High-pressure phase
FeSez Pa3
Fe Welght Percent Selenlum Se
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams/2-203

Fe-Si From [Kubaschewskil

A t o r n ~ cP e r c e n t S~llcon
laoor 80 90 Composition, Pearson Space
1700
wt% Si symbol group

cF4 Fmm
1538%
1500 L c12 lm3m
cP2 Prnm
1414T
cF16 Fmm
hP6 P3ml
hP16 P63Imcm
cP8 Pz13
tP3 P4/mmm
oC48 Cmca
cF8 Fd?m

Ye W e ~ g h tPercent S i l l c o n

Fe-Sm H. Okamoto, 1992

Atomlc Percent S a m a r ~ u m
o 10 20 30 10 50 60 70 80 90 100 Composition, Pearson Space
1700- Phase wt% Sm symbol
group

We) -0 d2 Im5m
We) -0 cF4 Fm3m
We) 0 ~12 Im3m
PFe11Sm2 24.0 hP38 P631mmc
aFellSm2 24.0 hR19 R3m
Fe3Srn 47 hR12 R3-m
Fe2Srn 57.3 cF24 Fd3m
Wm) 100 cl2 Im3m
@sm) -100 hP2 P6jlmmc
(asrn) >99.8 to 100 hR3 R3m
Questionable phase
FesSrn 35.1 hP6 P61mmm

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 60 90 1W
Fe W e ~ g h tP e r c e n t Sarnar~urn Sm

Fe-Sn H. Okamoto, 1992

A t o m ~ cP e r c e n t Tin
0 10 20 30 10 50 60 70 80 90 100 Composlion, Pearson Space
1 6 0 0 0
Phase wt% Sn symbol group

Oxygen stabilized phase

"Fe3Snn 42
20204/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Fe-Tb H. Okamoto, 1992

Atomic Percent Terbium
Composition, Pearson Space
1600 Phnv wt% Th symbol group

(6Fe) 0
We) -0
We) o
PFe17Tb2 25.0
aFe17Tb2 25.0
Fe23Tb6 42.6
Fe,Tb 49
FezTb 58.7
Fe2Tb(a) 58.7
(PTb) 100
(aTb) 100
(a) Distorted Cu2Mg type due to magnetoseiction at low temperatures

Fe Weight Percent Terbium Tb

Fe-Te H. Okamoto and L.E. Tanner, 1992

Composition, Pearson Space
Phnv wt% Te symbol group

(a) Low-temperaturephase. (b) High-pressure phase

Fe W e ~ g h tPercent T e l l u n u r n Te

Fe-Th H. Okamoto, 1992

Atomic Percent Thorium
Composition, Pearson Space
wt% ~h symbol group

Fe Weight P e r c e n t Thorium Th
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams/2.205

Fe-Ti J.L. Murray, 1992

Atomic Percent i r o n
Composition, Pearson Space
50 60 70 80
-,90L.__-100
t Phase wt% Fe symbol group

(aTi) 0 to 0.047 hP2 P63/mmc

0 to 24.7 c12 ImSm
TiFe 51.3 to 54.1 cP2 PmSm
TiFez 68.2 to 75.4 hP12 P6jlrnmc
(aFe) 91.3 to 100 cI2 Im5m
(yFe) 99.5 to 100 cF4 Fmj m
o (a) hP3 P6Immm
(a) Metastable phase

TI We~ght Percent Iron Fe

Fe-Tm H. Okamoto, 1992

Atomic Percent Thulium
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Tm symbol group

l mjrn
Fm3m
Im3m
P6jlmmc
Fm3m
R3m
Fdm
Pbjlmmc
Metastable phase

Fe-U H. Okamoto, 1992

Atomlc Percent Uranlum
0 Composition, Pearson
1600 Phase wt% U symbol

@Fe) 0 el2 Im3m

We) 0 cF4 FmSm
(aFe) o ~12 Im?m
Fe2U 68.0 cF24 FdTm
Feu6 96.2 t128 I4Imcm
tyU) 99.7 to 100 c12 Im5m
(Pu) 99.9 to 100 tP30 P42/mnm
(aU) 99.99 to 100 0c4 Cmcm

I 20 30 40 50 00 70 80 90 100
Fe Weight Percent U r a n ~ u m U
20206/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

J.F. Smith, 1992

Atomic Percent Vanadlum
Composition, Pearson Space
MOO Phpv wi% V symbol group

Metastable phase
a' 47.7 cP2 Pmm

Fe-W S.V. Nagender Naidu, A.M. Sriramamurthy, and

~ t o r n l cP e r c e n t T u n g s t e n P. Rama Rao, 1992
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
3122.c Composition, Pearson Space
phpv wt% w symbol group

We) 0 cF4 Fm3m

(@e) 0 ~ 1 2 11n3m
Fe+,' (k) -70.5 hR13 R3m
Few (6) -77.2 (a) p21321
(W) 100 c12 Im3m
Metastable phase
b W 0-1 62.2 hP12 P63/mmc
(a) Orthorhombic

0 10 20 30 10 50 60 70 80 90 100
Fe Weight P e r c e n t T u n g s t e n W

Fe-Zn B.P. Burton and P. Perrot, 1992

Atomlc P e r c e n t Zlnc
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 60 90 1
Composition, Pearson Space
1600 0 Phare wt% Zn symbol group

Welght P e r c e n t Zinc
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams/2.207

Fe-Zr D. Arias and J.P. Abriata, 1992

A t o r n ~ cP e r c e n t I r o n
0 I0 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Composition, Pearson Space

- 7
2000 ' , 1 , Phase wt% Fe symbol group
BJ5.C
la00
: (Wr) o to -4.1 c12 lm5m
(azr) 0 to 0.02 hP2 P63/mm~
Zr3Fe 16.2 to 18.3 oCl6 Cmcm
Zr2Fe 21.6 to 23.4 r112 I4/mcm
ZrFe2 54.3 to 62.2 cF24 Fdzm
ZrFe, 64.7 cF116 Fm2m
We) -92.9 to 100 ~12 lm3m

Zr Welght Percent Iron Fe

Ga-Gd A. Palenzona and S. Cirafici, 1990

A t o r n ~ rP e r c e n t Gadol~n~urr~

-.-.- I0
+ ..,-.-. 20
.-.4
-
30
..-+--+ .-..
40 50 60 70 80 90
A-A?-~..-C
I
Phase
Composition,
wt% Gd
Pearson
symbol
Space
group

(Ga) -0 oC8 Cmca

P4lnbm
P6/mmm
Cmcm

Ga-Ho H. Okamoto, 1990

Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Ho symbol group

(Ga) 0 oC8 Cmca

G%Ho 28.3 tP14 P4Iybm
Ga,Ho 44 cP4 Pm3m
Ga2Ho 54.1 hP3 P61mmm
GasHo3 58.7 oP32 P4lnbm
GaHo 70.3 oC8 Cmcm
Ga3H05 79.8 hP16 P631mcm
(Ho) 100 hP2 P631mmc
 20208/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Ga-In T.J. Anderson and I. Ansara, 1992

A t o m ~ c Percent l n d ~ u m
Composition, Pearson Space
wt% I n symbol group

0 oC8 Cmca
0 ... C2Ic
98.6 to 100 112 I4lmmm

11.4
0-

-(w (Id- :

- 0 5 -
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
0
--
Ga W e ~ g h t Percent I n d ~ u r n In

Ga-La A. Palenzona and S. Cirafici, 1990

A t o m ~ c Percent L a n t h a n u m
Composition, Pearson Space
wt% LU symbol group

-0 oC8 Cmca
24.9 tP14 P4Inbm
33 of* ...
30 to 49.9 hP3 P6lmmm
66.6 oC8 Cmcm
Ga3La5 76.9 t132 I4lmcm
GaLa, 86 cP4 Pm3m
ezvc
( Y L ~,- iE (YW -100 ~12 1m3m
(@La) -100 cF4 Fm3m
-100 hP4 P63/mmc
(a) Not shown on diagram; needs further confirmation

W e ~ g h t Perce Lanthanum La

Ga-Li J.Sangster and A.D. Pelton, 1991

Atomic Percent L i t h ~ u m
0 20 40 60 70 60 00 Composition, Pearson Space
800 wt% L i symbol group

Cmca
~h

(a) Stoichiornetry uncertain. (b) Near 400 'C. (c) Below -193 "C
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrarns/2*209

Ca-Lu S.P. Yatsenko, A.A. Semyannikov, B.G. Semenov, and

K.A. Chuntonov, 1979
Composition, Penrson Space
Phase wt% Lu symbol group

(Ga) 0 oC8 Cmca

Ga3Lu 46 cP4 Pmm
Ga2Lu 55.6 0112 Imma
Ga5Lu3 60.1 om2 Pnm
GaLu 71.5 oC8 Cmcm
Ga3Lu5 ? t o 80.7 hP16 P6jlmcm
(Lu) 100 hP2 P631mmc

Ga-Mg H. Okamoto, 1991

Atomic Percent Gall~um
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 60 90 100 Composition, Penrson Space
700 Phase wt% Ga symbol group

(Mg) 0 to 9.4 hP2 P6glmmc

Mg5Ga~ 53.43 0128 Ibam
MgzWa) 58.9 h~18 ~ 6 2 ~
MgGa 74.2 t132 141/a
MgGa2 85.15 on4 Pbam
MgzGa~ 87.76 tI28 Mlmmm
(Ga) 100 oC8 Cmca
(a) The structure is closely related to the Fe2P (hP9) type with a small deviation.

Ga-Mn X.S. Lu, J.K. Liang, and M.C. Zhou, 1980

A t o m ~ cP e r c e n t M a n g a n e s e
Composition, Penrson Space
1100 Phase wt% Mn symbol group

Cmca
Cmcm
...
P41mbm
R3m
...
Imm
Fm3m
Mlmmm
P4lmmm
...
P4,32
I43m
2*21O/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Ga-Mo From [Molybdenum]

Atomic Percent Galllum
10 20 30 10 50 60 70 80 90 Composition, Pearson Space
wt% Ga symbol 8 r w
BZIDC
oto11 cI2 Im3m
-20 cP8 Pm%
42.1 ... ...
59.3 ... ...
-78 mP 148 P21/c
-79 hR49 R3
100 oC8 Cmca

Mo Weight Percent Galllum Ga

Ga-Na A.D. Pelton and S. Larose, 1990

Atomic Percent Sodium
0 10 20 30 10 50 60 70 80 90 100 Composition, Pearson Space
600 wt% Ns symbol 8rwP

oC8 Cmca
tIl0 I4/m_mm
hR360 R3m
oP240 Pnma
oP244 Pn-ma
cI2 Im3m
hP2 P63lmmc
(a) Suucture observed when compound prepared w ~ l hexcess G a (b, SUucturc obccrvcd when compound
prepared with cxccrs Na (c) Samc compound u ~ t hsame ddfraclogram, allhough different s t o i c h ~ o m c t r ~ c s
have been reported

20 30 40 50 60 70 80 00 100
Weight Percent Sodium Na

Ga-Nb H. Okamoto, 1990

Atomic Percent Niobium
20 30 10 50 60 70 80 80 1 Composition, Pesrson Sp.ee
p h e wt% ~b symbol group

(Ga) 0 oC8 Cmca

G4Nb 25 ... ...
Ga3Nb 26 to 29 118 I4lmmm
Ga13Nbs 36.7 oC36 Cmmm
Ga5Nb4 53.3 I** ...
Ga4Nb5 62.5 hP18 P63/mcm
Ga~Nbda) 67 tplo P4lmbm
Ga3Nb5 68.4 to 69.4 tI32 I4/m_cm
GaNb3 79.9 to 84 cP8 Pm3n
(Nb) 100 c12 Im3m
(a) Not in phase diagram

Weight Percent Niobium Nb

 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams/2*211
Ga-Nd From [Moffattl
Atornlc P e r c e n t N e a d y m l u m
--
20 dlqO
qO,,
90 100 Composition, Penrson Space
Phw wt% Nd symbol group

(Ga) 0 oC8 Cmca

PG%Nd 25.7 ... ...
aGa,Nd 25.7 lP14 P4lnbm
GazNd -34 to 50.8 hP3 P6lmmm
GaNd 67.4 oC8 Cmcm
Ga3Nd, 77.5 1132 I4/mcm
. c a w 86 cP4 PmSm
(PW ? t o 100 c12 /mSm
3.c (aNd) ? to 100 hP4 P63lmmc

Ga Weight P e r c e n t N e o d y r n ~ u n i Nd

Ga-Ni S.Y. Lee and P. Nash. 1991

Atorrlir P e r c e n t G d l l l u r n
80 Composition, Pearson Space
20 10 10 50 60 70
....4 --A,.
90
Phw wt% Ga symbol group

(Ni) 0 to 27.6 cF4 Fmzm

a'(Ni,Ga) 25.8 to 34 cP4 Pm3m
P(NiGa) 34.2 to 62 cP2 PmTm
HNi3Gaz) 39.5 to 46 hP4 P6jlmmc
6(NiSGa,) 40.3 to 42 oC16 Cmmm
~'(Ni,Gad -43.4 to -46.4 ... ...
Ni3Ga4 -60.8 to 61.7 el112 la3d
V(NizGa,) 64 hP5 P3ml
€(NiGa4) 83 cI52 143m
(Ga) 100 oC8 Cmca

Ni Wrlght P e r c ~ n tG a l l i u m Ga

Ca-Pb I. Ansara and F. Ajersch, 1991

Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Pb symbol group

(Ga) 0 oC8 Cmca

(Pb) 100 cF4 F ~ S ~

Ca Weight P e r c e n t Lead Pb

.---.---- ..-...
2.21 2/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Ga-Pd H. Okamoto, 1990

Alomlc P e r c e n t P a l l a d ~ u m
m 030 ' " 0 6 3 Composition,
wt% Pd Pearson
symbol group
Space
-Ip-+.----.T+
1665.C Phpy
(Gal 0 oC8 Cmca
I4I~cm
Im3m
P213
PmJm
Pbam
Pnma
...
Pnma
...
FmJm

Ca Welght P e r c e n t I'allad~urn Pd

Ga-Pr H. Okamoto, 1990

Atomlc P e r c e n t P r a s e o d y m ~ u m
1800-3p +-.
40 50 ..A
60 . ,aT.
70 80
Phase
Composition,
wt% Pr
Pearson
symbol
Space
group

(Ga) 0 oC8 Cmca

G%Pr 25.2 1114 P4lnbm
G&Pr 34 ...
Ga2Pr 36 to 50.2 hP3 P6lmmm
GaPr 66.9 oC8 Cmcm
Ga3Pr5 77.1 tP32 P41ncc
GaPr2 80.2 oP12 Pn-ma
(PPr) 96 to 100 ~ 1 2 1m3m
(apr) 98 to 100 hP4 P63lmmc

Ga We~ghtPercent P r a s e o d y m ~ u m Pr

Ga-Pt H. Okamoto, 1990

Atomic P e r c e n t P l a t i n u m
Composition, Pearson Space
1800 wt% Pt symbol group

Cmca
1600
...
Imxm
Fm3m
P3ml
PZ13
Cmmm
Pbam
...
P4lmmm
PmSm
I4lmcm
P4lmbm
Fm3m

Ga Weight P e r c e n t P l a t l n u m Pt
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrarns/2.213

Ga-Pu D.E. Peterson and M.E. Kassner, 1988

Atomlc Percent G a l i l u m
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 inri Composition, Pearson Space
L
Phase wt% G a symbol group

(epu) 0 to 4 ~ 1 2 1m5m
(6'Pu) 0 to 0.07 r12 I41mmm
(@u) 0 to 3.9 cF4 ~~3~
( w ) 0 oF8 Fddd
(PPu) 0 me34 C2lm
(apu) 0 m~16 P21lm
'l 6.1 to 17 ... 1213(a)
Pu3Ga(S) 9 C P ~ ~m3m
Pu3W5') 9 tP4 p41m1nm
Pu5Ga3 14 to 14.6 t138 I41mcm
(b) ...
PuGa(i') -22.2 c12 Im3m
(c) I4/mmm
PuGa(t) 22.2 (d) 14mm
Pu2Ga3 30 (e) ...
PuGal 36.4 hP3 P61mmm
PuGad~) 46 ... ...
PuGad~') 46 hP8 P63lmmc
PuGa3(fiM) 46 ... R3m
Pu2Ga7 50.0 (c) ...
PuGa3.7 51.4 ... ...
PuGq 53 0120 Imma
PUG%@ 63.1 ... P4/nbm
P4/mbm
PuG%(S') 63.1 ... ...
PuzGa15 68.1 (c) ...
@a) 100 oC8 Cmca
(a) Partially ordered. (b) Face-centeredcubic. (c) Teuagonal. (d) Body-centered teuagonal. ( e )Hexagonal

P.G. Rustamov, B.N. Mardakhaev, and M.C. Safarov, 1967

Atornlc Percent Sulfur
Composition, Pearson Space
10 20
-A&-+.
:I0 40
.-.
50 GO 70 80
.+.---+-__C __C,.lll
90
l+...CC. ....... I
phase wt% s symbol group

(Ga) 0 oC8 Cmca

Ga2S 18.7 ... ...
GaS 31.5 hP 8 P6jlmmc
PGa4S5 36.5 ... ...
aGa& 36.5 ... ...
ea2S3 41 hP4 P63mc
PGa2S3 41 mC20 Cc
aGazS3 41 cF8 F43m

Ga Weight Percent S u l f u r
s
100

5
2021 41Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Ga-Sb T.I. Ngai, R.C. Sharma, and Y.A. Chang, 1988

Atomrc P e r c e n t Antlrnony
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 60 90 100 Composition, Pearson Space
800 1 ' Phnw wt% Sb symbol group

(Ga) 0 oC8 Cm_ca

aGaSb 63.6 cF8 F43m
pGaSb(a) 63.6 t14 I4,lamd
(Sb) 100 hR 2 R3m
(a) At high pressure

Ga Welght Percent Antlrnony Sb

Ga-Sc S.P. Yatsenko, A.A. Semyannikov, G.B. Semenov, and

A t o m l c Percent S c a n d l u m K.A. Chuntonov, 1979
Composition, Pearson Space
Pbnw wt% sc symbol group

@a) 0 oC8 Cmca

Ga3Sc 18 cP4 Pmm
Ga2Sc 24.4 0112 Imma
GaSc 39.2 oCX Cmcm
Ga4Sc5 44.7 1184 I4lrnmm
Ga3Sc5 51.8 hP16 P6jlmcm
(PSc) 100 cI2 Im3m
(aSc) 100 hP2 P6jImmc
Other reported phase
GasScz 30

Welght Percent S c a n d i u m

Ga-Se From [Moffatt]

Atornlc P e r c e n t S e l e n l u m
0 10 20 30 40 Ja 60 70 80 90 100 Composition, Pearson Space
Phme wt% Se symbol group

(Ga) 0 oCX Cmca

GaSe 53.1 hR4 R33
hPX P6
hP16 P63mc
PGazSe3 -63 c** ...
aGa2Se3 63 mC20 Cc
(Se) 100 hP3 P3121
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams/2.215

Ca-Sm From [Moffattl

Atomlc P e r c e n t S a m a r i u m
0 10 20 30 10 50 60 70 80 90 Ill0
Composition, Pearson Space
I Phlse wt% Sm symbol group
C
0 oC8 Cmca
26.5 ... ...
aGa6Sm(q') 26.5 tP14 P4lnbm
-35 to 5 1.8 hP3 Pblmmm
68.3 oC8 Cmcm
78.2 t132 I4lm~m
87 cP4 Pmjm
? t o 100 c12 Im3m
? t o 100 hP2 P631mmc
s a *
u u u 100 hR 3 ~ ? m

(asm) -
.....--.- * F , ~.....
0 60 70 80 90 100

Ga M'eieht Percent Carndrlurn \rn

Ca-Sn T.J. Anderson and I. Ansara, 1992

Atornlc P r r c c n t T~rr
Composition, Pearson Space
w t k Sn symbol group

0 oC8 Cmca
0 to 0.03 t12 I41mmm
96.1 to 100 t14 I4 ,lamd
200
(a) Above 1.2 GPa

I-' 150

50 -@a) (a%)-- ;
100
0
c; a
.........,.. .....-.7..
10 20
..- , . . .. .,,. .
10 40
w?,ghl
. , . .. ., ,......-..
10
P<~,VV,,t
60
'T,,,
T7-

711
.- .-.80,...,.,.., ...,.....100
'iU
i 911

V.P. ltkin and C.B. Alcock, 1992

Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Sr symbol group

(Gal 0 hP2 P6glmmc

Ga& 24 1/10 I4/mrnm
GazSr 35 to 38.6 (a) hP3 P6lmmm
Ga7Sr8 58.9 cP60 P2i3
(aW loo cF4 F~JM
(PSI) 100 d2 Im3m
(a) After annealing at 900 "C
2.21 6/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Ga-Tb From [Moffattl

A t o m ~ cPercent Terbium
30 40 50 @ I 80
70 90 1 W
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Tb symbol group

(Ga) 0 oC'8 Cmca

G%Tb 27.6 tP14 P4Injbm
PGa3Tb 43 cP4 Pm3m
aGa3Tb 43 hP8 P63/mmc
Ga2Tb 53.2 hP3 P6lmmm
GaTb 69.5 ~€8 Cmcm
Ga3Tb5 . 79.2 tI32 I4/mcm
(PTb) ? t o 100 e l2 1m3m
(aTb) ? t o 100 hP2 P6slmmc

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 BO 90 100
Ga We~ghtPercent Terbium Tb

Ga-Te U.R. Kattner, unpublished

Atomic Percent Tellurium
0 10 20 30 40 50 80 70 80 90
Composition, Pearson Space
1000 phase -5% Te symbol group

(Gal 0 oC8 Cmca

GaTe 64.7 mC24 C2lm
Ga3Te4 70.9 hP* ...
Ga2Te3 73 cF8 ~a3m
GazTeS 82.1 tI14 14lm
(Te) 100 hP3 P3121
Metastable (thin film)
GaTe 64.7

Ga Weight Percent Tellurium Te

J. Klingbeil and R. Schmid-Fetzer, 1991

Atomic Percent Thallium Composition, Pearson Space
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Phase wt% TI symbol group

286.15.C

Ga Welght Percent Thallium T1

 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams/2*217

Ca-Tm From [Moffatt]

Atornlc P e r c e n t l'hullum
Composition, Pearson Space
Phse wt% Tm symbol group

(Ga) 0 oC8 Cmca

G;bTrn 28.8 fP14 P4/n_hm
Ga,Tm 45 cP4 Pm3m
Ga2Tm 54.7 0112 lmma
Ga,Tm, 62 ... ...
GaTm 70.8 oC8 Cmcm
Ga,Tm5 ? t o 80.2 oP32 Pnma
(Tm) 100 hP2 P63Immc

Ga Welght P e r c e n t T h u l i u m

Ca-U K.H.J. Buschow, 1973

A t o n ~ ~Pce r c e n t Uranium
Composition, Pearson Space
wtk U symbol group
- - -

(Ga) 0 oC8 Cmca

Ga,U 53 cP4 Pm3m
PGazU 63 0 hP3 P61mmm
aGa,U(a) 63 0 oC* Cmmm
Ga3U2 70 oC32 Cmcm
(F) 7 to 100 c12 h?;m
(!m 100 tP30 P42/mnm
(aU) loo oC4 cmcm
(a) Below the Cune temperature (-148 T)

Ga W ~ l g h tP e r c e n t l l r a n l u n l U

Ca-V J.F. Smith, 1989

Atomic Percent G a l l ~ u m
Composition, Pearson Space
2200 Phse wt% Ga symbol group

(V) 0 to 49 c12 lmjm

V3Ga -23 to -39 cP8 Pm3n
"6% -53.3 hP22 ...
V6Ga1 -59 to -63 c15 2 1a3m
"2Ga5 77.4 tP14 ...
V&%I 87.5 hR49 ...
(Gal 100 oC8 Cmca

0
0 10 20 30 10 Y) MI 70 80 90 100
V Welght P e r c e n t G a l l i u m Ga
2.21 8/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

S.P. Yatsenko, 1977

Composition, Pearson Space
wt% Y symbol group

oC8 Cmca
...
oP32 Pnma
oC8 Cmcm
hP16 P63l~cm
c12 Im3m
hP 2 P63lmmc

Ga Welght Percent Yttrlum Y

A. Palenzona and S. Cirafici, 1992

Atomlc Percent Ytterb~um

1200
2p-3 Phase
Composition,
wt% Yb
Pearson
symbol
Space
group

1100 Cmca
P4Inbm
1000
C2/m
900 P6/mmm
Immm
800 P63lmmc
P4/mmm
W 700
3
Pnmo
4
m 600 Im3m
L
Fmm
a 500
$ P63/mmc
C
100

100

LOO

loo
29 7741'1
0

Ga-Zn J.Dutkiewicz, Z. Moser, 1. Zabdyr, D.D. Gohil, T.G. Chart,

Atornlc Percent Z ~ n c I. Ansara, and C. Cirard, 1990
L 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
500 - - P P . & ,-.
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Zn symbol group

:riess.c (Ga) 0 to 0.75 d'8 Cmca

(Zd 97.49 to 100 hP2 P6dmmc

(W--

0 10 20
-
30 40
24 67.C

50 60 70 80 SO
-
100

Ga Weight Percent Z~nc Zn

 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams/2*219

Ga-Zr From [Shunkl

Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Zr symbol group

oC8 Cmca
1116 I4lmmm
oC12 Cmmm
oC32 Cmcm
oF40 Fdd2
...
I4 1 lamd
P63lmcm
P41mbm
P631mcm
l41~cm
Im3m
P63lmmr

Wplght P e r c e n t Z ~ r c o n l i l m Zr

Gd-Ce A.B. Gokhale and C.J. Abbaschian, 1989

Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Ge symbol group

OGd(a)
r - - ~ ,
0 c12 1m3m
t P63lmmc
aGd(b) 0 hP2
GdsGe3 21.7 hP16 P63lmcm
GdsGe4 27.0 (c) Pnma
GdGe 31.6 oC8 Cmcm
fldzGe3
40 to 42 ... ...
PGdlGe3 40 to 42 ... ...
aGdzGe3 40 to 42 hP3 P61mmm
PGd3Gedd) 42.59 to 43.54 (C) lmma
aGd3Ge~ 42.59 to 43.54 1112 14~lamd
GdGe2 57 54 (c) C222,
Ge 100 cF8 Fd3m
(a) From 1313 to ,1235 " C . ( b )From 1235 "C. (c) Orthorhombic. (d) Also des~gnated"GdGeZ,"

30 40 50 GO
- 70 80 90 1
W e ~ g h t P e r c e n t Germanium Ge

A. Palenzona and S. Cirafici, 1992

Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% In symbol group

(PW Oto-ll d2 1mSm

(aGd) 0 t o -5 hP2 P63lmmc
Gd21n 26.7 f - 1 hP6 P631mmc
Gd51n3 30.5 f -1 ti32 14lmcm
GdIn(a) 39 -2 + cP2 or el2 PmSm or lm3m
Gd3ln~ 54.9 k - 1 oC32 Cmcm
Gdln3 69 cP4 ~m3m
(In) -100 r12 I4lmmm
(a) Poss~blymetastable
20220/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Cd-Mg
A.A. Nayeb-Hashemi and J.B. Clark, I988
Atomic P e r c e n t C a d o l ~ n ~ u m
0 20 30 10 50 60 7080 100
1400 Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Gd symhol
1313'C group
(Mg) 0 to 23.49 hP2 P6dmmc
Mg&d 56.41(a) (h) F43m
Mg3Gd 68 cF16 Fm3m
MgzGd 76.38 cF24 FdSm
MgGd 86.6 cP2 Pmm
(PW ? t o 100 c12 Im7m
(aGd) <97.5 to 100 hP2 P63lmmc
(a) There may be a small homogeneity range. The exact stoichiometry was reported as Mg5,05Gd, closely
related to that of SmIICd45. (b) Cubic

Gd-Mn
H. Okamoto, 1990
A t o m l c P e r c e n t Manganese
0 10 20 30 40 50 80 70 80 90 Composition, Pearson Space
1400
o d Phlse wt% Mn symbol
group

(PGd) 0 c12 Im3m

(aGd) 0 hP? P63lmmc
GdMnz -41.2 cF24 Fd!m
Gd6Mnz3 57.2 cF116 Fm3m
GdMn,, 80.7 t12h 14/m_mm
(6Mn) -95 to 100 C I ~ 1m3m
(yMn) -97 to loo cF4 Fmm
(PMn) -100 CP~O P4132
(aMn) 100 cI5X IT3m

Gd W e ~ g h tP e r c e n t Manganese Mn

Gd-Ni Y.Y. Pan and P. Nash, 1991

A t o m i c P e r c e n t Nickel
I600
Composition, Pearson Space
Phlse wt% Ni symbol group

(PGd) 0 hP2 P63lmmc

(aGd) 0 ~12 ImTm
Gd3Ni 11.1 oPl6 P6lmmm
Gd3NiZ 19.9 t** ...
GdNi 27.2 oC8 Cmcm
GdNi, 42.8 cF24 F@m
GdNi3 52.8 hP24 R3m
Gd2Ni7 56.7 hP36(a) P63/mmc
hR54(b) R3m
GdNi4 59.9 hP6 ...
GdNiS 65.1 hP6 P6lmmm
Gd2NiI7 76.1 hP38 P63lmmc
(Ni) 100 cF4 Fmm
(a) High-temperature form. (b) Low-temperature form
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams/2.221

Gd-Pb A. Palenzona and S. Cirafici, 1991

Composition, Pearson Space
wt% ~b symbol group

0 to 3 el2 1m3m
Oto 1 hP2 P6jlmmc
44.2 to 46 hP16 P631mcm
51.3 oP36 Pnmu
54.5 ... ...
80 cP4 Pm3m
>99.6 to 100 cF4 Fm3m

oL
-....,. ... .. . . ,..... . .,
0 10 211 30 10
I .....,LJ...)
',il hi1
. . , 1. ....\.
10 I10
....,
10
. . .(
100
(; d Wright I'crcc~rli i.<,<iri I'il

Gd-Pd H. Okarnoto, 1990

Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% ~d symbol group

(PGd)
(aGd)
Gd,Pd,
Gd,Pd2
PGdPd ...
aGdPd Cmcm
Gd,Pd4 R3
Gd,Pd,
GdPd,
GdPd, ...
(Pd) Fmm

Gd-Rh H. Okarnoto, 1990

A t o m ~ cPercent K h o d ~ u m
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Rh symbol group

c12 Im3m
hP2 P6jlmmc
oP16 Pnma
hP20 P6jmc
hP16 P6j/mcm
... ...
t1140 14Imcm
oP36 Pnma
C P ~ pdSm
cF24 Fd3m
hP24 P631mmc
hP6 P6Immm
cF4 Fm3m

Gd Weight P e r c e n t R h o d i u m Rh
2*222/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

H. Okamoto, 1990
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Sb symhoi group

(PW 0 cI2 Im7m

( a W 0 hP 2 P631mmc
Gd5Sb3 31.7 hP16 P631mcm
Gd4Sb3 36.8 c12 8 143d
PGdSb 43.6 ... ...
aGdSb 43.6 cF8 ~m3m
GdSb2 60.8 hP12 P631mmc
(Sb) 100 hR 2 R3m

Gd We~ght P r r c e n t Antimony Sb

Cd-Se N.Yu. Pribylrskii, I.C. Vasileva, and R.S. Carnidov, 1982

Atomic Percent Selenium
Composition, Pearson Space
2500 j d - - . , ZP. . . . . '. . , . . . . 10
, 30 ! . . . . , . . 50
.I. . . . . . , . . 60! . . . . . . Phwe wt% Se symbol group

(PGd) 0 c12 lm3m

(aGd) 0 hP? P6glmmc
GdSe 33 to 34 cF8 Fm3m
GdzSe3 -41 t o ? of20 Pnma
or el28 I43d
Other reported phases
GdSez 50.1 of12 Pnma
0*144 ...
t*24 ...

Cd-Sn A. Palenzona and S. Cirafici, 1991

Atonllc Percent
'7'1"
Composition, Pearson Space
10 20
......*.....A1+ ..............
10 10 50 60 70
~ C C C ,lC A
80 90
C 1 l l4.- ...... ....... ..... Phnse wt% Sn symbol ~ O U P

Pb31mmc
Im3m
...
P631mcm
Pnma
...
I4/mmm
...
Cmcm
Cmmm
Am~2
Pm3m
I4 ,lamd
FdTm
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams120223

Gd-Te H. Okamoto, 1990

-- -

Composition, Pearson Space

Phase wt% Te symbol group

(PW 1m3m
(aGd) P63lmmc
GdTe Fm3m
Gd2Te3 Pnma
Gd,Te, P4Inmm
GdTez ...
Gd2Tes Cmcm
GdTe3 Cmcm
(Te) P3121

Gd-Ti J.L. Murray, 1987

Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Gd symbol group

S. Delfino, A. Saccone, A. Palenzona, and R. Ferro, unpublished

Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% TI symbol group
-

(aGd) 0 to ? hP2 P631mmc

(PGd) 0 t o -20 c12 Im3m
Gd2TI -39 t o -40 hP6 Ph31mmc
GdsTI3 -43 t o -44 hP16 P631mcm
GdsTli+r ? t132 I4lmcm
GdTl(a) -55 to -58 cP2 Pm3m
(or cl2) ImSm
GdTl(b) -55 to -58 tP2 P4lmmm
Gd3TIs -68 to -69 oC32 Cmcm
GdT13 80 cP4 Pmm
(PTI) 100 c12 Im5m
(uT1) 100 hP2 P6glmmc
(a) Cubic structure presumed to be room- and higher-temperature phases. (b) Tetragonal structure
presumed to be lower-temperature phase.
20224/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Ge-Ho V.N. Eremenko, I.M. Obushenko, and Yu.1. Buyanov, 1980

Atomlc Percent Germanium
Composition, Pearson Space
22W Phsse wt% Ge symbol group

P6glmmc
P63lmcm
Pnma
I4lmmm
Cmcm
...
Cmmm
P6lmmm
...
I4llamd
...
...
FdTm

1 0 5 0 8 0 7 0 8 0 9 0 1 0 0
Weight Percent Germanium Ge

R.W. Olesinski, N. Kanani, and G.J. Abbaschian, 1992

Atomlc Percent lndlum
0 LO 20 30 40 JO 80 70 60 90 lo(I Composition, Pearson Space
Imo S - - - - b Phsse wt% In symbol group

(Ge) 0 cF8 FdTm

(In) 100 112 I4lmmm

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 60 BO IW
Ge Weight Percent l n d ~ u m In

H. Okamoto, 1990
Atomlc Percent Potasslum
Composition, Pearson Space
,zm; I? ,2?&-41 50 80 70 80 ?O
P . 7 ' Phase wt% K symbol group

(a) Not shown in the ohase diaeram

.. .... ,. .. .~.
o 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 RO 9n loo
Ge Weight Percent Potasslum
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams/2.225

Ge-La A.B. Gokhale and G.J. Abbaschian, 1989

ALornlc Percent G e r m a n ~ u r n
Composition, Pearson Space
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
- - "c - c - fo0081 , I , , , ' , Phax wt% Ge symbol group
- .

(yLa) 0 c12 Imjm

@La) 0 cF4 Fmm
(aLa) 0 hP4 P63Immc
La3Ge 15 t** ...
LaSGe3 23.9 hP16 P63/mcm
hGe3 28.2 el28 143d
LaSGe4 29.5 OP* Pnma
Lace 33 to 35 oP8 Pnmo
aLaGe2, 45.5 to 46.4 ol* Imma
PLaGe2_x 45.5 to 46.4 t112 14 ,/amd
(Gel ? t o 100 cF8 ~dSm

-- aLaCe,,

- 1
30 40 50 60 70 80 80 100
W e ~ g h tP e r c e n t G e r r n a n ~ u m Ge

Ge-Li H. Okarnoto, 1990

Composition, Pearson Space
wt% L i symbol group

~ d s m
14 I /a
Cmcm
...
...
Cmmm
143d
F23
lm3m
(a) Not shown in the diagram

Ge-Lu H. Okarnoto, 1990

A l o i n ~ cP r r c e n t Lutrt~~lm
10
Composition, Pearson Space
20 30 40
....--50 60
+............70 80 90
i.... +A.. Phase wt% LU symbol group

Fdjm
Cmcm
P6/mmm
...
I4lmmm
Pnma
P6jlmcm
P63lmmc
202261Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Ge-Mg A.A. Nayeb-Hashemi, R.W. Olesinski, G.J. Abbaschian, and

A t o m l c Percent G e r m a n i u m I.B. Clark. 1988
IZW
Composition, Pearson Space
Phwe wt% Ge symbol grow

(Mg) -0 hP 2 P63I~mc
MgzGe 59.90 cF12 Fm3m
(Ge) -100 rFX ~dTm

Ge-Mn A.B. Gokhale and G.J. Abbaschian, 1990

Atornlc Percent Gerrnanlum
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 SO 100 Composition, Pearson Space
1 4 0 0 0 Phase wt% Ge symbol group

@Mn) o to 4.3 c12 Im3m

(Wn) 0 to -16 cF4 Fmm
(PMn) o to -13 ~ ~ 2 0 P4]32
0 to -2.0 cI5 8 Iz3m
E -28.0 hP8 P63/mmc
el -28.0 ?I8 I4lmmm
5 -34.6 hP128 P3cl
K 36 o** ...
X -39.9 hPh P631mmc
11 -44.2 hP16 P631mcm
Mn3Ge2 47 ... ...
(Gel 100 cFX Fd3m

Mn Welght Percent G e r r n a n ~ u m Ge

Enlarged region of the Mn-Ge system

Atornlc Percent Germanlurn
22
I100 ---c
21
'. , . .
26
. I . ,
28
. , '
30 32
, . ' . . .. , , , ,
34
! , , ,
36
, 8 , , , #,A[
38

Welght Percent Germanium

 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams120227

Ge-Mo R.W. Olesinski and G.J. Abbaschian, 1987

Aiarnlc P e r c e n t Molybdenum
Composition, Pearson Space
wt% Mu symbol group

(a) Also reported as G e 4 1 M o ~and

j Get6Mog or Ge,,,Mo

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Ge W e ~ g h t P e r c e n t Molybdenum Mo

Ge-Na H. Okamoto, 1990

Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Na symbol group

(,r

Ge-Nb From [Moffatt]

Atornlc Percent G e r r n a n ~ u r n
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Ge symbol group

(Nb) 0 to 9.2 c12 Im?m

P 15 to 19 cP8 Pm?n
Nb5Ge3 32 to 38 t132 I4lmcm
NbGez -61.0 hP9 P6222
(Gel 100 cF8 Fd?m
20228lBinary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Ge-Nd A.B. Gokhale and G.J. Abbaschian, 1989

Atomlc P e r c e n t Germanium
o 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 go loo Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Ge symbol group

(aNd) 0t0<1 hp4 P63lmmc

(PNd) Oto<l c12 Im3m
NdSGe3 22.3 to 23.2 hP16 P63/mcm
Nd5Ge4 26.8 to 27.8 UP* Pnma
NdGe 33 to 33.5 oC8 Cmcm
aNdGe2, 43 to 44.7 oIX Imma
PNdGe2, 43 to 44.7 tIl2 I4llamd
(Ge) 100 cF8 Fd3m

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 80 100
Nd Weight Percent Germanium Ge

Ge-Ni A. Nash and P. Nash, 1991

Atoinlc Percent Germanium
0 LO 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Composition, Pear son Space
1 6 0 0 0 Phase wt% Ge symbol group

(NO 0 to 19 cF4 Fm3m

PNi3Ge 26.4 to 29 cP4 Pm3m
yNi3Ge 29.9 ... ...
SNi5Ge2 33 hP84 P63lmmc
NizGe 38.4 oP1 2 Pnma
€'Ni5Ge3 -42 mC32 C2
cNiSGe3 40 to 49 hP4 P63lmmc
Ni19Ge12 43 to 46 mC62 C2
Ni3Gez(a) 46 to 48 hP4 P6glmmc
NiGe 55.3 oPX Pnp
(Ge) 100 cFX Fd3m

NI Weight Percent Germanium Ge

Ge-P R.W. Olesinski, N. Kanani, and G.J. Abbaschian, 1985

Atomic Percent Phosphorus
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% P symbol group

(Ge) 0 to 0.07 cF8 FdTm

GeP 29.9 (a) C2lm
GeP(b) 29.9 (c) I4/m
GWb) 56 hh'2 R*
GePdb) 68.0 hh'2 R3m
Red P 100 ... ...
White P 100 ... ...
Black P 100 OCX Cmca
(a) Orthorhombic. (b) High-temperature phase. (c) Tetragonal

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 80 70 80 W 1W
Ge Weight Percent Phosphorus P
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrarnsl2.229

Ge-Pb R.W. Olesinski and G.J. Abbaschian, 1984

Atornlc Percent Lead
Composition, Pearson Space
IWO Phase wt% Pb symbol %TOUP

100

Ge W e ~ g h t Percent Lead Ph

Ge-Pd H. Okamoto, 1992

Composition, Pearson Space
wt% pd symbol group

(Ge) 0 cF8 Fd?m

GePd 59.4 oP8 Pnm
GePdz 74.6 hP9 ~ 6 2 ~
GeaPd21 79.4 I1116 14 ~ / a
Ge9Pdzs 80 to 81.5 hP34 P3
GePd3 81.1 to 81.9 ... ...
PGePd5 88.1 to 88.9 c12 lm3m
aGePd, 87.7 to 88.5 mC24 C2
0%) 97.9 to 100 cF4 Fm3m

Ge-Pr A.B. Gokhale, A. Munitz, and G.J. Abbaschian, 1989

Atarnlc Percent Gerrnanlum Composition, Pearson
10 20 30 10 50 60 80 90

i
70
1800 ~ - ~ , .J..
C_J_----+... wt% Ge symbol

(BPr) 0 to ? c12
(aPr) 0 hP4
Pr3Ge 15 t** ...
PrSGe3 23.8 hP16 P63lrncm
Pr4Ge3 27.9 c128 lad
Pr5Ge4 29.2 oP * Pnma
Pffie 34.0 oC8 Cmcm
Prl,Ge 35.5 oP8 Pnm
aPffiez, 45 to 46.3 ol* Imma
PPffiez, 45 to 46.3 t112 I4 ,lamd
Pffiez -50.8 (112 ( 4 1lamd
(Gel 100 cF8 Fd3m

Pr We~ght Percent G e r r n a n ~ u m Ce

* -.-. "~..""--.." " ^. .... _, .. _

2*230/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Ge-Pt H. Okarnoto, 1992

Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% ~t symbol group

(Ge) o CFX ~d3m

Ge,Pt 57.3 oPh Pnnm
Ge3Pt, 64 of20 Pnma
GePt 72.9 oPX Pnma
Ge2Pt3 80 of40 Pnma
GePtz 84.3 hP9 ~ 6 2 ~
GePt3 9 0 to 91 mC16 D/m
(Pt) 97.4 to 100 cF4 Fm3m
Metastable phase
GePt3 90 to 91 1116 I4lmcm

C.H. Lin, AS. Pashinkin, and A.V. Novoselova, 1963

- -

Composition, Pearson Space

Phase wt% S symbol group

(Gel 0 cF8 Fd3m

PGeS 30.6 h** ...
aGeS 30.6 oPR Pnma
GeS2 46.9 oF72 Fdd2
- -

Ge-Sb R.W. Olesinski and G.J. Abbaschian, 1986

ALom~c Percent A n t ~ m o n y
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 00 80 100 Composition, Pearson Space
l o o o r -..,- i..,. f-..b
I , -
8 ,8
, I I I
Phase wt% Sb symbol group

(Ge) 0 cF8 F<Tm

(Sb) 100 hR2 R3m

400
Ge Weight Percent Antimony Sb
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams/2.231

Ge-Sc A.B. Gokhale and G.J. Abbaschian, 1986

A t o r n ~ cP e r c e n t G e r m a m u r n
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Composition, Pearson Space
2200
t Phase wi% Ge symbol group

(PSc) 0 to -3 c12 lm?m

(~SC) 0 to 4.3 hP2 P63/mmc
Sc~Gel 48.1 to 50.3 hP16 Ph31mcm
Sc5Ged 56.4 ... ...
SCIIG~IO 59.5 ... 141m1nm
ScGe 61.8 oC8 Cmcm
ScGez 76.4 oC12 Cmcm
(Gel -100 cF8 FdTm

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Sc Welght P e r c e n t Gerrnanlurn Ge

Ge-Se A.B. Gokhale and G.J. Abbaschian, 199(

Composition, Pearson Space
Phase w t % Se symbol group

(Ge) 0 cF8 ~dSm

aGeSe 52.1 oC8 Cmca
PGeSe 52.1 cF8 ~m%n
GeSez 68.5 1 ... ...
We) 100 hP3 P3121
Note: Crystal structures of the low-temperature a and P forms of Se are not known.

20 30 40 50 60 7'
Gr Wright P r r c c n t S r l r n ~ u i n

Ge-Si R.W. Olesinski and G.J. Abbaschian, 1981

Atomlc Percent Slllcon
Composition, Pearson Space
0 10 20 30 40 50 MI 70 60 90
wt% Si symbol group

High-pressure phases
Get1 ... 114 I4 lamd
Sill ... 114 I41lamd

9W - , # . ,
0 LO 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 LO0
Ge Weight Percent Sillcon S1
20232/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Ce-Sm A.B. Cokhale and C.J. Abbaschian, 1988

A t o m ~ cP e r c e n t G e r m a n ~ u m
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Ge svmbol erou~
I800
lm3m
P63/mmc
R3m
P6glmcm
Pnma
Cmcm

Sm Weight P e r c e n t G e r m a n i u m Ge

Ce-Sn R.W. Olesinski and C.J. Abbaschian, 1984

Atornlc Percent Tin
Composition, Pearson Space
. -0 ,
I000
LO 20 30 40
,
50 BO 70 80 90 IW
Phase wt% Sn symbol group

(Gel 0 to 1.8 cF8 Fdsm

(PW 100 114 M1lamd
(us@ 100 cF8 Fd3m
Pressure stabilized phase
GeII 0 t o 15 114 1411amd
Crystallized from amorphous phase
GeYSnl, 42 to 62.0 cF8 Fz3m

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 LW
Ge Weight P e r c e n t Tin Sn

Ce-Sr P.R. Subramanian, 1990

A t o r n ~ cP e r c e n t G e r m a n ~ u m
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Ge symbol group

1185.C Wr) o cF4 ~ m m

(PSI) 0 c12 Im3m
Sr2Ge 29.3 of12 Pnma
Sr4Ge3 -38.4 0140 Immm
saa.a.c SIGe 45.3 oC8 Cmcm
Sffiez 62.4 of24 Pn-ma
(Ge) 100 cF8 Fd3m

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Sr W e ~ g h tP p r c r n t G e r r n a n ~ u r n C,?
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrarns/2.233

Ce-Tb H. Okamoto, 1990

Atorrilc I'rr<.i.nt 'l'r~rl~iun,
0
2000+.>, . - .
10
.... .,
..-A7.
20
. L L L L..LLT.
10
40
L L L7..A. ... '10
-
GO
...... ,....-. . ...
70 110 '30
\-.--l..
100
,I phase
Composition,
w t k ~b
Pearson
symbol
Space
group

(Ge) 0 cF8 Fd3m

Ge3,Tb 45 oC18 C2221
GeZTb 52.2 ... ...
PGe2,Tb 56 1112 l4]/amd
56 ... ...
59 hP3 P6lmmm
aCe2,Tb 59 ... ...
GeTb 68.6 oC8 Cmcm
70.7 1184 I4Immm
73.3 oP36 Pnma
GeTbS 78.5 hP16 P6j/mcm
(Tb) 100 hP2 P63lmmc

Ce WelghL P r r c e n t Terbium 'I'b

Ge-Te H. Okamoto, 1990

A t o r n ~ cPercent T e l l u r l u r n
0 10 20 30 40 50 GO 70 80 q0 Composition, Pearson Space
I000 f----.-7..~.7---7'---7*.++ .. ,A .,...l_- Phase wt% Te symbol UP

448.57.C

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 711 DO 90
Ce Welght P e r c e n t ' T r l l u r ~ u n r

H. Okamoto, 1990
Composition, Pearson Space
wt% Ge symbol group

c12 lm3m
hP2 P63/mmc
hP16 P631mcm
0144 Immm
oF24 Fddd
cF8 Fm3m

TI W e ~ g h tP e r c e n t G e r m a n l u ~ n Ge

-..-- .. .... ...

2*234/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Ge-TI R.W. Olesinski and C.J. Abbaschian, 1985

Atornlc Perccnt Thalhum
Composition, Pearson Space
1200j -..-.- 3-
?
.+
--. 20
Phase wt% TI symbol group

Ge W e ~ g h tPercent Thallium T1

Ge-Tm H. Okamoto, 1990

Alomic P e r c e n t T h u h u m
Composition, Pearson Space
-+..-..
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 00 100
ssoo Phase wl% Tm symbol group

FdTm
Cmcm
...
...
P6lmmm
...
Cmcm
I4lmmm
Pnma
P631mcm
P6dmmc

400
0 10 20 30 40 50 80 70 80 00 100
Ge W e ~ g h tPercent T h u l l u r n Tm

V.S. Lyashenko and V. Bykov, 1960

Composition, Pearson Space
Phme wt% U symbol group

FdTm
Pm3m
P6lmmm
Cmcm

Cmcm
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams/2*235

A.B. Gokhale and G.J. Abbaschian, 1988

Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Ge symbol group

(aY) P63lrnmc
(PY) Im3m
Y5Ge3 P63Imcm
YsGe4 Pnma
YIIG~IO 14lmmm
YGe Cmcm
PYL% Pccm(a)
aY ,Ge3 P6lmmm
W$~S Fdd2
aY3Ge~ 14 ,larnd
YGe2 Cmcm
Y2Ge7 C222 1 ( a )
(Gel Fd3m
(a) Tenlahve

Y We~ght Percent G e r r n a n ~ u m Ge

V.N. Eremenko, K.A. Meleshevich, and Yu.1. Buyanov, 1983

Atornlc Percent Y t t e r b ~ u r n
10 20 30 +0 50 60 70 80 YO I00 Composition, Pearson Space
----+___I___IC_C_3r_IpUl_i Phase wt% Yh symbol group

Ge Wrlehl I'rrcent 1tterb~urn Yb

Ge-Zn R.W. Olesinski and G.J. Abbaschian, 1985

Atornlc Percent Zlnc
Composition, Pearson Space
- .-.70 80 90
A--4---C,*--+
100
Phase wt% Zn symbol group

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 IW
Ge W e ~ g h t Percent Z ~ n c Zn
2*236/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

H-La D. Khatamian and F.D. Manchester, 1990

A t o m ~ cP e r c e n t Hvdroeen
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% H symbol group

(yLa)(a) o t o 0.6 c12 1m5m

@La)@) 0 t o 0.2 cF4 Fm3m
@La)@) o t o 0.01 hp4 Pb31mmc
6 1 to 2 cF16 Fm3m
(a) From 865 to 918 "C a t 0 at.% H. (b) From 310 to 4 6 5 'Cat 0 at.% H. (c) Up to <310°C a t 0 at.% H

La W e ~ g h t P e r c e n t Hydrogen

J.F. Smith, 1983

Atornlc P e r c e n t Hydrogen
Composition, Pearson Space
, 50
. . . . . . . . <.!.
60
..... wt% H symbol group

L, h, 0,P,u, 5 -0.83 t o 0.92 (a) ...

Y -0.96 (b) ...
6 -2.13 cF12 Fmm
(a) H-deficient P structure having ordering of H atoms. (b) Possibly a face-cenlered tetragonal structure

Nb Welght P e r c e n t Hydrogen

Peritectoid cascade region of the Nb-H phase diagram

Atomic P e r c e n t Hydrogen
40 12 44 46
, . . . .'. . . . . , . I . . . . . . . 10
! ,. . . . . .
50
. ' , .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
07 08 09 I I1
W e ~ g h tP e r c e n t Hydrogen
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams120237

P.R. Subramanian, 1990

Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% H symbol group

(a) High-temperature phase; exists ktween 680 and 880 "C. (b) Not shown in the phase d~agram.(c) Ideal
stoichiometri; structure based on neutron-diffraction studies on samoles w ~ t hthe comoosition NdD,
&
,

H-Ni M.L. Wayman and G.C. Weatherly, 1991

Atornlc P e r c e n t Hydrogen
0 02 0 03 0 01 0 05 Composition, Pearson Space
1480- .-4__r__Cr_m7.-. Phase wt% H symbol group
P = 50 MPa
(Ni) 0 to -0.0002 cF4 Fmm

m n o L . - vp
-v
-.-v
0 00001 00002 00003 00004 00005 000OG 00007 00000 00009 0
NI W e ~ g h tPercent Hydrogen

A. San-Martin and F.D. Manchester, unpublished

Atornlc Percent Hydrogen
0 I0 20 30 40 50 Composition, Pearson Space
A-T- - h , - - +oOs --..,
- * -.L-.-
Phase wt% H symbol group

(Pd) 0 cF4 Fm3m

50 Atm a or (Pd) 0 to 0.019(a) cF8 FmSm
a' or (Pd) -0.567(a) (b) ...
L o w - t e m p e r a t u r e phases(c)
A2B2 0.601 ... 1411amd
A4B 0.715 tll0 14Im
(a) At 25 "C. (b) fcc. ( c ) Below 100 K

Pd Welght P e r c e n t Hydrogen
20238lBinary Alloy Phase Diagrams

H-Sr D.T. Peterson and R.P. Colburn, 1964

Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% H symbol group

($Sr) 0 to 0.9 c12 Im3m

(aSr) o to ? C F ~ ~m~
Y ? t o 0.3 hP* ...
PSrH2 2.3 ... ...
aSrHz 2.3 of12 Pnma

Sr Weight P e r c e n t Hydrogen

A.San-Martin and F.D.Manchester, 1991

Atomic P e r c e n t Hydrogen
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% H symbol group

(aTa) o to 0.28 C I ~ 1m3m

(a'Ta) 0.28 to 0.42 c12 ImSm
E 0.22 to 0.32 mC* C222
$ 0.26 to 0.35 mC* C222
8 0.30 to 0.36 ... ...
rl 0.34 to -0.37 ... ...
S 0.37 to 0.438 of* Pnnm
c 0.395 to -0.398 ... ...
Y 0.436 to 0.439 ... ...

Ta Weight Percent Hydrogen

H-Ti H. Okamoto, 1992

Atomlc P e r c e n t Hydrogen
0 30 45 65 75 80
Composition, Pearson Space
1800 Phase wt% H symbol erous
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams/2.239

A. San-Martin and F.D. Manchester, unpublished

Atornlc P e r c e n t Hydrogen
0 Composition, Pearson Space
1500+--+
10
, , .,..,.,
20
!. . . . . . . ., . . . . .
30
!. . . , . . . . . . , . . , . . .d
40
-.- Phase wt% H symbol woup
1P C. 591 MPa
0 to 0.069 c12 1mSm
0 to 0.01 1 tP30 P421mnm
0 to 0.0014 oc4 Cmcm
1.25 cP32 Pm3n
1.25 cP8 Pm3n
(a) Metastable phase

(au) + E

limit of H solubility and are

° 0 U Welght
0I P e r c e n t Hydrogen

H-V J.F. Smith and D.T. Peterson, 1989

A t o r n ~ c P e r c e n t Hydrogen
Composition, Pearson Space
10 20
-*-S-.-'---+_1_
30 40 50
-.--- 60
- -- Phase wt% H symbol group

H2 Preaaure = 1 bar a or ( V ) 0 to ? c12 Im?m

!% or V 2 W - T ) -0.97 m C6 C2lm
P2 or V2H or VH -0.97 to 1.94 rF6, rF8? ...
6 or V3H2 -1.30 mCl0 ...
y or VH2 3.81 cF12 F ~ S ~

V W e ~ g h t P e r c e n t Hydrogen

E. Zuzek, J.P. Abriata, A.San-Martin, and F.D. Manchester, 1990

Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% H symbol group

a or (aZr) 0 to 0.07 hP2 Pb31mmc

P or (PZr) o to -1.28? c12 1m3m
6 1.4 to -2.1? cF12 ~mSm
E 1.89 116 14lmmm
Metastable phase
Y -0.0 1 1 tP6 P42In

%r W p ~ g h tP c r c c n t H y d r o g e n
2*240/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

H. Okamoto, 1990
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% I r symbol group

Hf-Mn H. Okamoto, unpublished

Atomlc Percent Maneanese
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% M n symbol grow

I m b
P6gImmc
FdTm
P63/mmc
P6glmmc
Im3m
Fmm
P4132
IT3m

500
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 80 100
Hf Weight Percent Manganese Mn

Hf-Mo From [Molybdenum]

A t o m i c Percent H a f n ~ u r n
Composition, Pearson Space
wt% HI symbol group

"c

0 10 20 J) 10 50 80 70 80 90 IW
Mo Weight Percent H a f n i u m Hf
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams/2*241

H. Okamoto, 1990
Composition, Pearson Space
wt% N symbol group

HfN + N2

W e ~ g h tP e r c e n t Nltrogen

Hf-Nb H. Okamoto, 1991

Composition, Pearson Space
phase wt% ~b symbol group

ti f We~ght Prreent N ~ o b ~ r l n i

Hf-Ni P. Nash and A. Nash, 1991

A t o r n ~ cP e r c e n t H a f n l u r n
Composition, Pearson Space
wt% HI symbol group

1
m (Ni) Fmm
Ni5Hf ~43m
Ni7HfZ ...
PNi,Hf P63/mmc
1700
aNi3Hf R3m
U
0
NiZ1Hf6 PI
Ni7Hf3 P1
!i
1 1500 NilOHf7 C2ca
e
NillHf9 14/m
a

z
L
NiHf Cmcm
NiHfl I411ym
$ 1
m
Im3m
(PHO
(aHf) P63lmmc

11m

m
0 10 20 30 40 50 80 70 80 90 IW
NI Weight P e r c e n t H a f n ~ u r n Hf
2*242/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

From [Hafnium]
A t o r n ~ c Percent Oxygen
0 10 20 30 10 50 60 70 Composition, Pearson Space
32001 ' ' , , 8
Phme wt% 0 symbol erou~

(PHO 0 to 0.8 c12 Im?m

(aHf) 0 to 2.5 hP2 P631mmc
Hf02 -13.2 to 15.4 cF12 Fmm
-13.2 to 15.4 t** ...
-13.7 to 15.4 mP12 P~I/c

8004 . .
0 5 10 I5
Hf W e ~ g h t P e r c e n t Oxygen

Hf-0s H. Okamoto, 1990

Atomic Percent O s m ~ u m
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% 0 s symbol grow

(pH0 0 t o 13 c12 Im3m

(aHO 0 to 2 hP2 P631mmc
I3 -24 ...
5 -30 ... ...
Hf20s -35 ...
HfOs -47 to 54 cP2 PmTm
HfOs2 -64 to 73 cF96 FdTm
hP12 P63lmmc
(0s) 100 hP2 P6dmmc

Hf-Rh H. Okamoto. 1990

we-Y- A t o m ~ cP e r c e n t R h o d ~ u r n
90 I
Phrw
Composition,
wt% Rh
Pearson
symbol
Space
group

(PHO 0 c12 Im3m

(aHf) 0 hP2 P631mmc
Hf2Rh 22 to 23 cF96 Fd!m
HfRh 36 to 44 cP2 Pm3m
mwc Hf3Rh5 47 to 51 of16 Pbam
HfRh, 59 to 7 2 cP4 Pm2m
(Rh) 100 cF4 Fm3m

Weight P e r c e n t R h o d ~ u r n
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagramsl2.243

A.B. Gokhale and C.J. Abbaschian, 1989

Composition, Pear son Space
Phase wt% Si symbol group

(aHf) -0 hP2 P631mmc

(PHD -0 el2 Im3m
Hf2Si 7.3 t112 I4/mcm
Hf3Si2 9 tPl0 P4lmhm
Hf5Si4 11.2 ... P41212
HfSi 13.6 oP8 Pnma
HfSi2 24.0 oC12 Cmcm
(Si) 100 cF8 Fd3m
Note: The presence of MnsSi3-type ( 4 4 Hf5Si3 has been reported. However, the phase occurs only in
the presence of interstitlal ~rnpurities.

R. Krishnan, S.P. Garg, and N. Krishnamurthy, 1989

Composition, Pearson Space
w t % Ta svmbol erou~

D.T. Peterson and D.J.Beerntsen, 1960

h t o r n ~ cP e r c e n t U r a n l u m
0 I0 20 SO 50
Composition, Pearson Space
2 4 0 0 ~ - L-,
1 ...
L .... 40
-+ .,.-- 60-.& 70 80 90
Phase ~ 1 u% symbol group

0 to 100 cI2 lm5m

0 to -3 hP2 Pb31mmc
100 tP30 P42/mnm
100 0c4 Cmcm
20244/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

J.F. Smith, 1989

Atomic P e r c e n t Vanadium
0 10 20 30 40 50 80 70 Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% V symbol Z~OUD
2Zll.c

I000

Hf Weight Percent Vanadium V

Hf-W S.V. Nagender Naidu and P. Rama Rao, 1991

Weight Percent Tungsten
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% W symbol group
3300 -
.----I. -
_.I- 8
13422.C
(PHf) 0 to 13.8 cI2 ~ m h
,/-
(aHf) 0 to -0.9 hP2 Pb31mmc
,/*
HfW2 -67.4 cF24 FCn
L
(w) -91 to 100 cI2 Im3m
2800 -
Y
G , .

I
d
m
- - - - - - - 5 ;.47.4
2512.C
*d (W) 1
U 2300-
2231T:b.c. &/---
C
- .'?..;..:'.
-..'
, .
8.3 1949T
-06 I
(BW :' II
1713.C-,
:, , ,,' &$
::
.t
I

'. %.#'
I
' 148O.C
II
.:4.9 4
40I :

Hf Weight Percent Tungsten W

Hf-Zr J.P. Abriata, J.C. Bolcich, and H.A. Peretti, 1982

A t o m i c Percent H a f n i u m
Composition, Pearson Space
21W wt% HI symbol group

(aZr,aHf) 0 to 100 hP2 P63lmmc

(PZr,PHf) 0 to 100 cI2 ImTm
@(a) o to loo hP3 ~ 3 1m
(P6lmmm?)
(a) Metastable at room temperature and zero pressure

8W
0 10 ZU 30 40 50 80 70 80 90 LW
Zr Weight Percent H a f n i u m Hf
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams/2-245

H. Okamoto, 1992
Atomic Percent lndlurn
0 10 20 30 10 50 60 70 60 SO I""
Composition, Pearson Space
Phace wt% In symbol group

(Hg) 0 to -10 hR 1 R3m

Hg4ln 10 to 14 oF8 Fed
Hgln 33 to 38 hR2 R3m
Wn2 53.4 ... ...
E 67 to 89.8 cF4 F ~ S ~
(In) 90.6 to 100 t12 141mmm

A.E. Vol and I.K. Kagan, 1979

0 1020 30 40
4m"?CU-C"--
50 60
A t o m ~ cP e r c e n t P o t a s s l u m
70 80 90
--- --- . - 1
Phase
Composition,
wt% K
Pearson
symbol
Space
group

R3"
Pm3m
...
...
...
...
Imma
Pbcm
Pl
Im3m

10C
Weight P e r c e n t P o t a s s l u m K

Hg-La C. Guminski, unpublished

A t o m l r P e r c e n t Mercury
Composition, Pearson Space
1200 Phase wt% ~g symbol group

ImSm
FmSm
P63lmmc
PmSm
P6lmmm
P63lrnmc
Fz3m
P63lmmc
Cmcm or C2cm or
cn5c2,
R3m

60
La Weight P e r c e n t Mercury Hg
2*246/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Hg-Li From [Hansenl

Atomic Percent L i t h ~ u m
0 50 70 80 90 95 Composition, Pearson Space
700
Phase wt% ~i symbol woup

Hg-Mg A.A. Nayeb-Hasherni and J.B. Clark, 1988

Atomic Percent Mercury
0 10 20 Composition, Pearson Space
7 0 0 7 Phase wt% ~g symbol group

Hg-Na H. Okarnoto, 1990

Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Na symbol group
-

R3m
...
P61mmm
...
...
Cmcm
P42jmnm
...
...
Im3m

Welght Percent Sodlum Na

 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams/2*247

Hg-Pb From [Hansenl

A t o r n ~ c P e r c e n t Lcad
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 80 I Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Ph symbol group
127.50Z°C
(Hg) 0 hR 1 R3m
HgPb2 -66 to -7 1 tP2 P4Iyrn
(Pb) -76 to 100 cF4 Fm3m

Hg-Rb From [Hansenl

A t o m i c P e r c e n t Rubldluni
300w 4 0 5 0 6~ 70 80 90 loo Composition, Pearson Space
- - - - + - - ~ - t - - ~ - ,-.. -t Phase wt% R b symbol group

30 40 50 60 70
- 80 90 100
1
Weight Percent R u b i d i u m Rb

Hg-S R.C. Sharma, Y.A. Chang, and C. Guminski, 1992

A t o m ~ cP e r c e n t Sulfur
Composition, Pearson
Phrse wt% S symbol

Hg 0 hR I R5m
YHgs 14.19 to 14.47 (a) ...
pH@ 13.8 to 15.61 cF8 ~Z3m
aHgS 13.8 to 15.5 hP6 P3121
GHgS(b) 13.8 cF8 ~mSm
(PS)(c) 100 mP* p21/c
(as)@) 100 oF128 Fddd
( a ) Hexagonal. ( b ) Above 13 GPa ( c ) From 95.5 to 115.22 T.(d) At <95.5 "C

Weight P e r c e n t S u l f u r S
20248/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Hg-Se R.C. Sharma, Y.A. Chang, and C. Cuminski, 1992

Atomlc Percent S e l e n ~ u r n
Composition, Pearson Space
800 Phase wt% Se symbol group

(a) Between 0.30 and -7 GPa. (b) Between -7 GPa and 13.3 GPa. (c) Above 13.3 GPa

Hg-Sn H. Okamoto, 1990

Atomrc Percent Mercury
Composition, Pearson Space
250
Phase wt% ~g symbol group

Sn Weight Percent Mercury

Hg-Sr P.R. Subramanian, 1990

A t o r n ~ cPercent Strontium
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Sr symbol group

R3m
...
Pmm
P63mc
P6lm
P63lmmc
Immc
P6lm-mm
Pm3m
t
P4lmbm
C
V]
...
Pnmo
ImTm
Fm3m

10 20 30 40 50 80 70 80 90 100
Weight Percent S t r o n t i u m Sr
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams/Zm249

R.C. Sharma and Y.A. Chang, unpublished

Composition, Pearsan Space
Phaw wt% Te symbol group

(Hg) 0 hR 1 ~ z m
aHgTe 30.9 cF8 FT3m
PHgTeb) 38.9 hP6 P3,21
(Te) -98 to 100 hP3 P3,21
(a) H~gh-pressureform

4c

Hg Weight P e r c e n t T e l l u r i u m TP

Hg-TI C. Guminski, unpublished

A t o m ~ cP e r c e n t T h a l l l u m
Composition, Pearson Space
20 30 70 90
40
- - - - t . - + - - + - p - .
50 60 80
.....,+-....- Phase wt% TI symbol group

(aHg) 0 hR 1 ~ ? m
Y 01 Hg5T12 -29 cF4 Fm3m
@TI) 80 to 100 c12 Im3m
(aT1) ? t o 100 hP2 P6dmmc

Hg-Zn L A . Zabdyr and C. Guminski, unpublished

A t o r n l c P e r c e n t Zinc
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Zn svmbol erouo

(a) Possibly a hexagonal structure

20250/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

H. Okamoto, 1992
Atornlc P e r c e n t l n d l u r n
Composition, Pearson Space
1600
Phase wt% In symbol group

(aHo) 0 to -6 hP2 P63Immc

(PHo) 0 to 15 1.12 lm7m
HozIn 25.8 hP6 P63fmmc
PHosh 29.5 hP16 P63/mcm
aHo& 29.5 1/32 14lmcm
HoIn 33 to41.0 c P2 ~ m m
I** ...
Ho31n, 53.7 oC32 Cmcm
HoIn3 68 c P4 Pm3m
(In) 100 112 14/mmm

Ho-Mn H.R. Kirchmayr and W. Lugscheider, 1967

ALornlc P e r c e n t M a n g a n e s e
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Composition, Pearson Space
. + ~ . - + . . . , . ~ . - + . - - . A - , ~ . - Phase wt% Mn symbol crow
1474%
1400

Ho Welght P e r c e n t Manganese Mn

Ho-Pd H. Okamoto, 1991

A L o r n ~ cPercent P a i l a d ~ u m
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 80 100 Composition, Pearson Space
phase wt% ~d symbol group

hP2 P6j/mmc
r149 141a
tPl0 P4/m_bm
cP2 Pm3m
oP 8 Pnmo
hR 14 R?

(a) Similarity to SmlOPdZlis assumed.

Ho W e ~ g h tP e r c e n t Palladium Pd
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagramd2.251

H. Okamoto, 1990

Fmm
C222
R3m

\: (a) Syntheslred under h ~ g hpressure

Ho-Te E.I. Yarembash, E.S. Vigileva, A.A. Eliseev, A.V. Zachatskaya,

, \ t o m ~ cI ' P ~ <c r ~ l' I ~ ~ l l u r l u r n
T.G. Aminov, and M.A. Chernitsyna, 1974
70 80
1600
0 10
-_A
20
. , ...!IIi....,. -A
$0 50 60
...........
+- - -
90 100
Composition, Pearson Space
wt% Te symbol group

4 :;;
11400 :

-
.-.
.
-.. - \\,,'
,,-
,,
,-
s

IIIO='C
s __I-
44 t-0
o <49
-65.9
70
hP2
cF8
oC28
oCl6
Ph3lmmc
FmTm
Cmcm
Cmcm
49
-- HaTe
-100 hP 3 P3121

2
d
m 800
uP

E
C
600

, 156'~
400

200 Z x

0 ..,...-----7-----..1.....--7----F...... -
'
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

S. Delfino, A. Saccone, A. Palenzona, and R. Ferro, unpublished

Composition. Pearson Space
Phase w t l TI symbol group

hP2 P63/mmc
hPl6 P6llmcm
t132 14lmcm
cP2 Pm3m
(or c l 2 ) lmTm
rP2 P4lmmm
oC32 Cmcm
cP4 Pm3m
c12 Im3m
hP2 P631mmc
(a) C u b ~ cstructure presumed to be room- and higher-temperature phase. (b) Tetragonal structure presumed
to be lower-temperature phase

Ho Weight Percent T h a l l i u m TI
2.252/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

In-K
H. Okamoto, 1992
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% K symbol group

(In) o t12 I4llmmm

In4K 8 1/10 14/mmm
In~Kz(a) -13 ... ...
InzK(b) 14 to 19 ... ...
(K) 100 d2 Im3m

In-La A. Palenzona and S. Cirafici, 1992

Atomlc P e r c e n t L a n t h a n u m
Composition, Pearson Space
1400
Phase wt% La symbol group

(In) 0 112 141m-mm

In3La 29 cP4 Pm3m
In2La 37.7 0112 lmma
In5La3 -42 to -43.1 0C32 Cmcm
In,La ? .. . ...
InLa -54.7 cP2 Prnm
.. Pmmm
70.8 hP6 P63/mmc
78 cP4 Pmsm
91.4 to 100 c12 Im'h

In-Li J. Sangster and A.D. Pelton, 1992

Atomlc Percent L ~ t h l u m
90 Composition, Pearson Space
Phpse wt% Li symbol group

I4lmmm
FgTm
P3_m1
R3m
Cmcm
Fdsm
P63lmmc
lm3m
(a) At 415 'C. ( b ) Below -193 OC
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams/2*253

In-Lu H. Okamoto, 1992

A t o m l c Fc~r-crnt I n d ~ u n i
0 10 20 :30 40 SO 60 70 00 90 100 Composition, Pearson Space
Phlse wt% In symbol group

(Lu) 0 to ? c12 1mSm

LuJn 24.7 hP6 P6jImmc
LushS 28.3 to 35 hP16 P63lmcm
LuIn 39.6 cP2 Pm3m
Lu,In, 52.2 oC32 Cmgm
LuIn, 66 cP4 Pm3m
(In) 100 112 I4lmmm

156.634.C

0 10 20 90 10 50 60 70 80 90 100
1.u Weight Prrcent l r ~ d ~ u n r In

In-Mg A.A. Nayeb-Hashemi and J.B. Clark, 1992

Atomic I'rrrrtlt indium
Composition, Pearson Space
0
7 0 0 L._--,,,...-~T~.,,,,,,,,,+-...,.~.,
I I1 20 10
1.. , 10
,,..,...,.10
1,
60 711 HI1 l 0 0
..I.. 1 .... Phase wt% In symbol group

0 to 53.2 hP2 P6jlmmc

58.8 to 98.5 cF4 Fm3m
-62 to 74.7 cP4 Pm3m
-58.5 to 6 2 hR16 R3m
500 -
65.4 0128 Ibam
0 -7 1 hP9 ~ 6 2 m
-75 to 87 tP2 P4Immm
3
4 -91.5 to 93.6 cP4 PmSm
m
99 to 100 r12 I4lmmm
-
high temperatures, P I has a cubic structure, space group Pm3rn. Pearson symbol cP4.
200-

100-

0 10 LO 1O 40 50 00 70 80 90 100
ME Weight P e r c e n t Indlurri Ill

H. Okamoto, 1992
ALort~icP e r c e n t h l a n g a n c s c
Composition, Pear son Space
30
,1._....
40
I
--,
*
50 60 70 00
-----4-*.-2 90
Phase wt% Mn symbol group

!i
a 600:

400
I/'
I/
1;
:

o
83VC ec:z:l:xi ij 127.C
Metastable phase
... 75 c12 Im3m

:I ac
.

i
-156.643'C

. .-r------. , p
.

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
In Welght Percen? M a n g a n e s e Mn
2*254/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

In-Na S. Larose and A.D. Pelton, 1992

A t o m ~ cPercent Sodium
0 20 30 40 50 80 70 Composition, Pearson Space
500
Phw wt% Na symbol group

(In) 0 to 0.6 112 I4/mmm

IngNadb) 11.1 ... ...
InNa 16.7 cF16 ~d3m
InNa3(b) ... ... ...
(PW 100 ~12 ~mTm
(aNa) 100 hP2 P6glmmc
(a) At 160 'C. (b) Stoichiometrv uncertain

In Weight P e r c e n t Sodium Na

In-Nb H. Okamoto, 1992

Atomic P e r c e n t Niobium
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% N b symbol group
Z469.C Y.P.
(In) 0 t12 I4/m-m
-L InNb3 71 to 86 cP 8 Pm3n
E 79 to 94 ... ...
(Nb) 100 c12 ImTm

C-
-
d o
In Weight P e r c e n t Niobium Nb

In-Nd H. Okamoto, 1992

A t o m ~ cPercent l n d ~ u r n
Composition, Pearson Space
1400 Phase wt% In symbol group

(PNd) 0 to 10 cI2 Imh

(aNd) 0 to 4 hP4 P63/mmc
Nd31n 21 cP4 prn3-m
NdzIn 28.4 hP6 P63/?rnc
NdIn 36 to 44.3 cP2 Pm3m
Nd31n5 57.0 0C32 Cmcm
NdIn3 71 cP4 Pm3m
(In) 100 !I2 I4/mmm

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Nd Weight P e r c e n t lndlurn In
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrarns/2*255

In-Ni M.F. Singleton and P. Nash, 1992

Atomic Percent lndlurn
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Composition, Pearson Space
1600 -"A
-
T- Phase w t l In symbol group

1 4 5 5 ~ (NO 0 to 24.9 cF4 ~m?im

1400
Ni31n 38.8 to 40.1 hP8 P63/mmc
rl(Ni2In) 49.4 hP6 P63lrnmc
I200
i 47 to 58.1 hP4 P631mmc
W'Jidng) 55.1 to 58.8 ... ...
t-' 1000 ~(Niln) 65.7 to 66.6 hP6 P6lmmm
0, G(NiIn) 67.5 to 73 cP2 Pm3m
3
e Ni21n3 7 4 to 75 hP5 ~?ml
m son
NizaIn72 82 to 82.4 ... ...
a
(In) -100 112 14lmmm
$
5-
600
Metastable phase
E' 27.7 to 40 el2 Im3m
400

200
lW.834.C

0
0 10, 20 30 40 50 fi0 70 80 90 100
NI Wrlght Percrnt Indium In

H. Okarnoto, 1992
Atomic PercerlL 1'11osph~1.11~
Composition, Pearson Space
1200 Y ' P 20
1. ......,. ,30 1, ...... 40
,I. . ........ 10
Phase wtl P symbol group

Stable phases
(In) 0
InP 21.2
High-pressure phases
InP II(a) 21.2
InP III(b) 21.2
InP3 45
(a) 10.8 to 18.9 GPa. (b) >18.9 GPa

,5B,834DC ................................................................
21 2
o O ~ I 1 l,
0
0
. I , .......... -rLO_. ) .
I5
. . . . . . ._,-
LO
In Welght Percent Phosphorus

In-Pb J.P. Nabot and I. Ansara, 1992

Atomic P e r c e n t Lead
o 10 20 30 40 50 80 70 80 90 LOO Composition, Pearson Space
Phase w t l Pb symbol group

(In) 0 to ? 112 l4/mmm

a -24 to -44 1I2 I4lmmm
(Pb) ? t o 100 cF4 Fm3m

50

In Welght P e r c e n t Lead Pb
20256/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

In-Pd H. Okamoto, 1992

A t o m ~ cPercent Palladium
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Pd symbol group

(In) 0 t12 I4lmmm

In3Pd 24 c*52 ...
In3Pd2 37 to 38 hP5 PTm 1
InPd 43 to 59.7 tP2 Pm3m
In3PdS 60.7 oPl6 Pbam
PInPd2 61.7 to 65.5 ... ...
aInPd2 64 to 65.0 oP12 Pnma
PInPd3 72 to 7 4 ... ...
aInPd3 73.0 to 74.1 118 I4Immm
(Pd) 80 to 100 cF4 FmTm

In We~ght Percent P a l l a d ~ u m

In-Pr H. Okamoto, 1992

Atomic Percent I n d ~ u m
Composition, Pearson Space
1400 Phase wt% In symbol group

(PW o to 8.1 (12 1m3m

(aW 0 to 4.6 hP4 P631mmc
Pr31n 21 cP4 PmTm
Pr21n 28.9 hP6 P6jlmmc
PPrl+xIn -4 1 ... ...
aPrl+,In 41 ... ...
PrIn(a) 44.9 cP2 Pmqm

(a) Metastable or same as RInl+,?

C
0
Weight Percent Indium

H. Okamoto, 1992
Atomic Percent Platlnum
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Pt symbol group

1600 (In) 0 112 14lm-mm

In7Pt3 42 c140 ImTm
In2Pt 45.9 cF12 Fm3m
In3Rz 53 hP5 P3ml
InPt 61 to 64 ... ...
1n5fi6(a) 6 4 to 67.1 mC'20 C2Im
In9R13 68 to 71 mC44 C2lm
PInzPt3 70 to 72.7 hP4 P631mmc
aIn2Pt3 72 hP20 PT1c
InPt2 77.1 to 78 oC16 C?m
InPt3 80.6 to 84.3 cP4 Pm3m
InR3 83.6 tP4 P4Im-mm
(pt) 93 to 100 cF4 Fm3m

.....
In Welght Percent P l a t ~ n u m Pt
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams/2*257

In-Pu H. Okamoto, 1992

A t o ~ n ~Pce r c e n t Plutan!urrl
Composition, Pearson Space
, m .
L - . . .A
20 30
. 40 c50 .60 70
* 80 90 100
Phase PU
W ~ W symbol group

(In) 0 t12 14lmmm

In,Pu 42 t o 44 cP4 PmSm
In5Pu, 56.1 ... (a)
InPu 66 t o 70 tP2 P4lmmm
t12 I4lmmm
'l 73.8 t o 81 ... ...
InPu, 84.5 t o 88 cP4 pm"
cF4 Fm3m
(EPu) 99.3 t o 100 c12 ImJm
(6'Pu) 100 t12 14/mmm
(@u') 99 t o 100 cF4 F ~ J ~
(Ypuf 100 oF8 Fddd
(PW 100 mC34 C2lm
(apu) 100 mp16 P21lm
(a) Complex

In-Rb A.D. Pelton and S. Larose, 1992

A t o m ~ cP e r c e n t R u b l d l u m
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase w t % ~b symbol group

(In) 0 r12 I4lmmm

In4Rb 16 tIl0 I41mmm
In,Rbda) -33 ... ...
In~Rbdb) ... ... ...
(Rb) 100 c12 1m3m
(a) Stolchlometry requ~resverificat~on.(b) Existence and stoichiometry require verificat~on.

Weight P e r c e n t K u b i d ~ u m Rb

H. Okarnoto, 1992
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% S symbol group

14/mmm
Atomic P ~ r c e n tS u l f u r
1 2 0 0 ~ , - - 6-4 0 70 80--...T. &, -......,.
90
Pnnm
P21lm
P3ml
~ d j m
14,lamd
P21lc
Fddd
Metastable phase
InS' 21.8
High-pressure phase
eW% 29.5 hRlO R3c

(a) Probably a ternary compound. (b) Low-temperature phase. (c) High-temperature phase. Conflicts wlth
Welght P r r c ~ n tS u l f u r i-: vln?S?
2*258/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

In-Sb R.C. Sharma, T.L. Ngai, and Y.A. Chang, 1992

Atornlc P e r c e n t A n t ~ r n o n y
10 20 30 10 50 60 70 80 90 Composition, Pearson Space
__i 4, 8 ' ,' Phase wt% Sb symbol group

(In) 0 tl2 F4lmmm

Na) -21 hP6 P63lmmc
((a) -4 1 t132 141mcm
%(a) 49.0 oP4 ...
aInSb 51.5 cF 8 FT3m
PInSb(a) 51.5 tl4 141/amd
y~(a) 51.5 to 56 OP 2 ~mmz
yInSb(a) 51.5 (b) ...
yInSb(a) 51.5 oP4 Pmmm or Pmmn
GInSb(a) 51.5 OP2 Pmm2
<<pSn>>(a) 56 t14 1411amd
n'(a) 58.9 h~ I R3m
NC) 61 to 7 1 CPI Pmm
InSb (thin films)(c) ... hP4 P62mc
(Sb) 100 hR2 R3m
(a) High-pressure phase. (b) Hexagonal. ( c ) Metastable phase

In-Sc H. Okamoto, 1992

Atomic P e r c e n t I n d l u m
Composition, Pearson Space
1600
Phax wt% In symbol group

(PSC) o to 39 ~12 [myrn

(asc) 0 to 31 hP2 P63/mmc
Sc31n 46 hPX P631mmc
SczIn 56.0 hP h P63lmmc
Sc51n3 60.5 to 71.9 ... ...
ScIn 71.9 . . ...
Sc31n5 81.0 ... ...
ScIn3 89 cP4 Pmm
(In) 100 t12 141mmm
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagramsl2.259

In-Se H. Okamoto, 1992

Composition, Pearson Space
w t l Se symbol group

I4lmmm
Pnnm
R3m
P63/mmc
P2lm
P21lm
...
P6 1
P6 I
R3m
R3m
P631mmc
...
...
P63
P3,21
Uncertain phases and structures
We(0 25.6 Pnnm
lnSe 40.7 ...
In6Se7 44.5 P211m
In,Se6 45.2 ...
In,Se4 47.8 ...
InsSe, 49.0 ...
In2Se3 51 P65
InzSedg) 51 ...
In~Sedh) 51 ...
InSe, 51 ...
(a) Probably metastable. (b) High-pressure phase. (c) P tt a transition is ambiguous. (d) Metastable. (e)
Thln f ~ l m (0
. Probably InlSe7. (g) Probably In6Se7. (h) Same as In&,'?

In-Si R.W. Olesinski, N. Kanani, and G.J.Abbaschian, 1992

Atomic Percent l n d l u m
o Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% In symbol group

(Si) -0 cF8 FdTm

(In) -100 r12 I41mmm

0 10 2U 30 40 53 60 70 80 90 ID0
Si Weight P e r c e n t I n d i u m In
2*260/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

In-Srn H. Okarnoto, 1992

A t a m ~ cPercent Indlum
Composition, Penrson Space
1400
wt% I n symbol group

Oto 11
0 to 4
0
20
26 to 28
38 to 42
56 to 57
70
100

Sm Weight Percent Indlurn In

In-Sn H. Okarnoto, 1992

Atomlc Percent Tin
0 10 20 30 40 50 80 70 80 90 100 Composition, Pearson Space
2 5 0 p phase wt% Sn symbol group

(In) 0 to 12.4 t12 I4Immm

P 12.4 to 44.8 112 I4Imrnm
Y 73 to ? hP5 P6lmmm
(PSn) ?to 100 t14 I4,land
(asn) 100 C F ~ Fd3m
-

In-Sr H. Okarnoto, 1992

Atomic Percent S t r o n t i u m
Composition, Pearson Space
I000 Phme wt% Sr symbol group

(In) 0 t12 Mlmmm

In& 13.3 hP' ...
In$r 20 hP8 P63lmmc
InsSr2? 23.4 ... ...
Inz% 27.6 hP6 P63lmmc
In3Sr2 34 ... ...
InSr 43.3 o** ...
In3Sr5 56.0 1132 I4/m_cm
InSr3 70 cF16 Fm3m
@SO 100 ~12 Im3m
(aW 100 cF4 Fm3m

. . . . .
In Welght Percent S t r o n t i u m Sr
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams/2*261

H. Okamoto, 1992
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% I n symbol group

(PTb) 0 to 13 el2 1mSm

(aTb) 0 to 7 hP2 P63/mmc
TbJn 26.5 hP6 P63/mmc
Tb51n3 30.2 d32 I4/mcm
TbIn 37 to 41.9 t** ...
T W S 54.6 oC32 cmcm
Tbln3 68 cP4 ~m?m
(In) 100 112 I4/mmm

H. Okamoto, 1992
Composition, Pearson Space
In-Te Phase wt% Te symbol group

112 I4/mmm
oP28 Pnnm
1/16 14/!cm
hR7 R3m
tl* I4/mmm
cF8 F43m
cF180 F43m
hP* ...
...
mC28
hP 3
Metastable o r high-pressure phases
InTeII 52.6 cF8
lnTeIl1 52.6 cP2
InTeII' 52.6 1*8
In2+1Te3 ... cP *
In2Te, 62.5 ol*
InZTe, 62.5 tP*
In~Teda) 62.5 hP*
In2Te311 62.5 hR5
0 10 20 30 10 50 60 ln2TeSII 73.5 mC84
In Weight P e r r r n t ' T ~ l l u r ~ u r n (a) Thin film

In-Th H. Okamoto, 1992

Composition, Pearson Space
wt% ~h symbol group

0 112 I4lm-m
40 cP4 Pm3m
54.8 oc32 Cmcm
66.9 oP24 Pbcm
80.2 1/12 I4/mcm
? t o 100 el2 lm3m
-95 to 100 cF4 Fm?m
2*262/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

In-Ti J.L. Murray, 1992

Atomlc Percent l n d ~ u m
20 30 40 50 80 70 80 90 LOO Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% I n symbol group

0 to ? c12 Im3m
(aTi) 0 to -21 hP2 P63lmmc
Ti31n 39 to ? hP8 P63lmmc
Ti31n2 (a) tP2 P4lmmm
Ti31nl 76.1 tP14 P4lmbm
(In) -100 ti2 14lmmm
(a) Unknown

Ti Welght Percent l n d ~ u m

H. Okamoto, 1992
Atomic Percent Thalllum
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% T I symbol group

(In) 0 to 44 r12 14Im-m

a 25 to -71 6'4 Fm3m
@TI) -66 to 100 c12 Im5m
(aT1) 92.6 to 100 hP 2 P6dmmc

In Weight Percent Thallium TI

In-Tm H. Okamoto, 1992

Atomlc Percent Indium
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Composition, Pearson Space
Phw wt% I n symbol group

"(PTm)" ? t o 15 c12 Im3m

(aTm) 0 to 7 hP2 P63Immc
TmIn 25.3 hP6 P63lmmc
Tm51n3 29.0 to 36 hP16 P63Iycm
TmIn 40.5 cP2 Pm3m
Tm31n5 53.1 oC32 Cmgm
TmIn3 67 cP4 Pm3m
(In) 100 t12 14lmmm

I
I

0 10 20 30
-
Iieig
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams/2*263

In-V J.F. Smith and K.J. Lee, 1992

A i o r n ~ cP e r r e n t Y i l n a d l u n r
Composition, Pearson Space
3mor0 20 30 40
4- .+-d-7rA--+--+.--+.-&
50 60 70 80
..+_ DO
.-..
100
4 Phsce wt% V symbol group

(In) 0 t12 I4lmmm

InVda) 57 (b) ...
(V) 100 c12 ImSm
(a) Cr3Si-type structure reported in impure sample at high pressure. (b) Tetragonal. Pressure-stabilized
phase

In Weight Percent Vanadium V

In-Y H. Okamoto, 1992

A t o n ~ ~Percrril
r Ind~nm
0 10 20 30 I 50 fiii 70 80 90 100 Composition, Pearson Space
16oot- ...+...... A,..
-.L-J... ,..-.A--I ..., ..A--.A .....,.i ..+ Phase wt% In symbol IrouP
- .

(py) 0 t o 17.4 c12 ImSm

L (aY) 0 t o 10.1 hP2 P631mmc
YJn 39.2 hP6 P631mmc
220.C
Y5In3 43.7 to 51.4 hP16 P63/mcm
Y In 56.4 cP2 ~m?;m
Y3h 68.3 oC32 Cmcm
YIn3 79.5 cP4 Pm3m
(In) 100 r12 I4lmmm

0
C 0"
158T 158 634.C

(Id-
7777.
80
............. --.- ....,.. .-.
70 80 'i(l
7 - 100

In-Yb A. Palenzona and S. Cirafici, 1992

Composition, Pear son Space
Phsce wt% Yb symbol group

( w -0 t12 I4lmym
In3Yb 33.4 cP4 Pm3m
InzYb 42.9 hP6 P631mmc
InYb 60.1 to -63 cP2 Pm3m
InYbz 75.1 oP12 Pnma
In2Yb5 -79.0 ... R3c o r R3c
(Vb) -100 c12 Im5m
(PYb) -100 cF4 Fm?m
(aYb) -100 h P2 P6dmmc
2a2641Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

In-Zn J. Dutkiewicz and W. Zakulski, 1992

A t o m ~ cPercent Zlnc
o 10 20 NI 40 JO M 70 Composition, Pearson Space
wt% Zn symbol group

0 to 1 112 I4Immm
99.8 to 100 hP2 P6s/mmc

100
0 LO 20 30 40 JO MI 70 80 90 I00
In Weight Percent Zinc Zn

Ir-La H. Okamoto, 1991

A t o r n ~ cPcrccnt L.antharlurn
C I0 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Composition, Pearson Space
300ii+ L LC- \-_I_ A i I,,,.__t Phase wt% La symbol group

(11) 0 cF4 F ~ S ~
11,~La~? 7.8 ... ...
IrSLa 12.7 hP6 P6/mmm
Ir7Laz 17.1 hP36 P63Lmmc
Ir3La 19 hR12 R3m
IrzLa 26.5 cF24 Fd7m
IrLa? 41.9 ... ...
Ir3La5 54.6 rP32 P41ncc
Ir3La7 63 hP20 P63mc
IrLaz 68 oP16 Pnma
IrLa, 74 ... ...
(YW 100 cI2 ImTm
@La) 100 cF4 F ~ T ~
@La) 100 hP4 Pbzlmmc

Ir-Mo From [Molybdenum]

Atomlc P e r c e n t l r ~ d i u m
Composition, Pearson Space
ZBOO Phase wt% Ir symbol WOUP

(Mo) 0 to -28 c12 1m3m

Mo31r <36 to 40 cP8 PmSn
0 -44 tP30 P42Imnm
447.C
MoIr (cph) -54 to >75 hP2 P631mmc
MoIr (LT) -66 to 68 oP4 Pmma
MoIr3 -77 to 86 hP8 P63Immc
(IF) -87 to 100 cF4 Fm3m

Mo Welght P e r c e n t I r l d i u m
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams120265

Ir-Nb H. Okarnoto, unpublished

Composition, Pearson Space
0
. 10
I
20
.30 40 I b0 70
I . .
110
. A
411
-4
$00
wt% Nb symbol group

0 to 8 cF4 Fmm
11 t o 21.7 C P ~ Pmim
24 t o 28.7 oP12 Pmma
30 to 31 tP2 P4/mmm
41.0 t o 5 0 tP30 P421mnm
54 to 63 CP8 Pm2n
7 8 to 100 c12 Im3m

Ir-Ni S.C. Yang, N. Chen, and P. Nash, 1991

Atornlc Pcrccnt N l c k r l
10 Composition, Pearson Space
0 20
..,.'30..... I..r_C--C
40 50 60
-C.-C...
70 Ril 90

7-
I ,.i. , . . . 7 , 7 - Phase wt% Ni symbol group

Ir-Pd S.N. Tripathi, S.R. Bharadwaj, and M.S. Chandrasekharaiah, 1991

Atomlc P e r c e n t Palladium
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% ~d symbol group
20266/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Ir-Pt 1. Muller, 1930; and E. Raub and W. Plate, 1956

A t o r r r ~ cPrrcrnt PlaL~nunr
o
2600
80
.~..--t---..+---+
20 30
..... 40 sn
.,.. +--+
so 70 60
dl+
90
.,,,A
loo
Phase
Composition,
wt% Pt
Pearson
symbol
Space
group

(WO 0 to 100 cFJ ~ m m

i
3
4
ffi

a (Ir.Pt)
g 1400:
r

Ir-Rh S.N. Tripathi, S.R. Bharadwaj, and M.S. Chandrasekharaiah, 1991

I
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% I r symbol group

(Ir,Rh) 0 to 100 cF4 Fmm

2447T

Ir-Ru H. Okamoto, 1992

Aiornlc Percent Ruthenium
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 60 90 Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% RU symbol group

Ir Weight Percent Ruthenium Ru

 Binary Alloy Phase Diagramsl2.267

From [Metals]
Alorrlli Percent 'I',~ni,ilur~~
LO 10 40 30 60 70 80 9,) lot) Composition, Pearson Space
,--.. ,.
.* 1 i,. ... k,.,,. ..... .-.C.-- . . Phase wt% Ta symbol group

;soeo-c (1') 0 to 15.2 cF4 Fm3m

,,/I P 22.5 to 32.2 cP4 PmTm
,
1'
I'
:, 1. Y -4 1 112 14/mmm
,/ ?
, ' .
6 37.6 to 48.1 oP12 Pmma
,'
I
, I

57.5 to 88.0 tP30 P42/mnm

,
I
,
t 0
,, 8 .
: (Ta) 92.3 to 100 c12 In&

Ir-Th H. Okamoto, 1991

2500
2417.C
[ Phae
Composition,
wt% Th
Pearson
symbol
Space
group

(1.) 0 cF4 Fm3m

1 IrSTh 19.5 hP6 P6/mmm
i Ir3Th 29 ... ...
I IrlTh 35 to 40 cF24 F~%I
IrTh 54.7 oC8 Cmcm
IrTh, -64 ... ...
hTh7 74 hP20 P63mc
(PTW 100 c12 ImSm
,.-17asc (aTh) 100 cF4 Fm%

Ir-Ti H. Okamoto, 1992

Atomlc P e r c r n t I r i d i u m
2500 4
10
----,, ---' 20 30 40 50 60 70 8 0 00100 Composition,
wt% Ir
Pearson
symbol
Space
group

TI Weight P e r c e n t I r i d i u m
2*268/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Ir-U H. Okamoto, 1992

Atomlc Percent Uranlum
Composition, Pearson Space
wt% u
-.. Phme symbol group
.'.-
. \
. 1\
.. ,\
.
(Ir) o to ? C F ~ F ~ T ~
~,> -. 1r3u 29 C P ~ ~ m m
Ir2U 38.2 cF24 FdTm
IrU 55.3 .. ...
PIrZu3 65 .. ...
aIr2U3 65 ... ...
1ru3 79 ... ...
(YU) ? t o 100 c12 ImTm
(Pu) ? t o 100 rP30 P4dmnm
(au) ? t o 100 oC'4 Cmcm
Possible phase
IrUz 71.3 m** ...

.. ~-~

Ir Welght Percent Uranium U

Ir-V J.F. Smith, 1989

Atomic Percent V a n a d ~ u r n
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% V symbol group

(11) 0 to -6 cF4 Fm3m

Ir,V 7.1 to 14 cP4 Pm3m
IrV,, 15.3 to 20 tP2 P4lmmm
IrV -20.9 oC8 Cmmm
IrV3 -29 to -45.0 cP8 Pm?n
(v) -49.2 to 100 cl2 ImTm

Ir Weight Percent Vanadium V

Ir-W S.V. Nagender Naidu, A.M. Sriramamurthy, and P. Rama Rao,

A t o r n ~ cPercent Tungsten 1991
Composition, Pearson Space
/';
,*' ;1 Phase wt%W symbol group
3200- #
,' ,
1

I
,,' I~
#
I
(W 0 to -18 cF4 FmTm
,,
~

L E -2 1 to -65 hP2 P6jlmmc

1r3W(cf) -24(a) hP8 P6glmmc
IrW(&") 48.9(a) oP4 Pmma
o 74 tP30 P4dmnm
(w) -90 to 100 c12 ImTm
( a ) Ordered structure

1700 -

Ir Weight Percent Tungsten W

 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams/2.269

Ir-Zr H. Okamoto, 1992

A t o m t i Percent Z>rcomum
so Composition, Pearson Space
0 10 20 20 10 50 60 70 RO
..-k ......,-.- 4 Phase wt% Zr symbol group

j (Id
Ir3Zr
0 to 3
10 to 17
cF4
cP4
F ~
PmTm
S ~
IrzZr 19.2 cF24 FdTm
2000
plrZr 30 to 34 cP2 Pm3m
1855~ aIrZr 32.2 to 33 (a) ...
Ir3Zr5 44.2 hP16 P63lrncm
IrZr2 48.7 1112 I4lmcm
4 3 , IrZr, 59 1132 &/m
n 1500,;
( w ) 9 0 to 100 el2 Im3m
(azr) 98 to 100 hP2 P63Immc
i (a) Complex

083'C

30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Weight Percrnt Z ~ r c o n i u m Zr

K-Na C.W. Bale, 1982

Atornlc Percent Sodlum
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 no 90
Composition, Pearson Space
120 -,r7,.,.. .
i
.
i
. L .i--i----. )
-3 Phase w t l Na symbol group

,/ 978
'
C
(K)
KzNW
KNa2
( W
0
22.72
54.05
100
c12
...
hP12
c12
Im3m
...
P63/mmc
Im7m
(a) Possible phase (not shown in diagram)

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 '30 100
K W e ~ g h tP e r c e n t S o d l u m Na

H. Okamoto, 1990
Atomle P c r c e n t Lead
Composition, Pearson Space
... .,........A.. -.-,,-
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 100
t-=-=on
wt% Pb symbol group

K Weight I'ercent Lead Pb

2*270/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

K-Rb C.W. Bale and A.D. Pelton, 1983

ALorn~c P e r c e n t R u b l d l u r n -
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Rb symbol group

(K,Rb) 0 to 100 c12 Im3m

25

K Weight P e r c e n t Rubidium Rb

K-S H. Okarnoto, 1990

Atornlc P e r c e n t S u l f u r

loOOw
Composition, Pearson Space
- 9 0 40 50 60 70 80
Phase wt% S symbol group
C
(K) 0 hP2 P63Immc
KzS 29.1 cF12 Fm3m
KS 45.1 hP12 P62m
Kz% 55 oC20 CmcZl
62.2 aP42 ...
oP2 8 P212121
aP57 ...
oF128 Fddd

W e ~ g h tP e r c e n t S u l f u r

F.W. Dorn and W. Klernrn, 1961

Composition, Pearson Space
P ~ W ~ t s b~ b symbol group

(K) -0 c12 ImSm

K3Sb 51 hP8 P631mmc
K5sb.1 71.3 ... ...
KSb 75,7 mP16 P21/c
KSbz 86.2 ... ...
(Sb) -100 hR2 R3m
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams/2.271

H. Okarnoto, 1990
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Se symbol group

(K)
K2Se
KSe
K2Se3
KSe2
K2Se5
(Se)

50
K i l ' e ~ g h t P e r c e n t Selenlurn

H. Okarnoto, 1990

y-7....
10
A t o r n ~ cP e r c e n t l'ln
-.-..,.. 20
4-.+..
30
L--.J
40 50 M 70 80 90 jl Phase
Composition,
w t k Sn
Pearson
symbol
Space
group

KSn, 85.9 ... ...

PKSn4 92 ... ...
aKSn4 92 ... ...
@Sn) -100 r14 1411amd
(asn) -100 cF8 ~d3m
O t h e r reported phase
K4Snz3 -94.6 cP54 Pm3n

13'C
90 100
S I1

A. Petric and A.D. Pelton, 1990

Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Te symbol group

(K)
K2Te
KTe
K2Te3
(Te)
(a) Homogeneity range subject to verification
20272/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

K-TI H. Okamoto, 1990

A t o m ~ cP r r c r n t l'hall~urn
20 Composition, Pearson Space
, ......u 4 0 - 5 C 7 7GO 70 80 100
phase w t TI
~ symbol group
+--I
(K) 0 c12 ImTm
KT1 83.9 (a) ...
K4Tb 86.7 ... ...
bTls 89.3 ... ...
@TI) ? t o 100 c12 lm3m
(aT1) -99.8 to 100 hP? P63Immc
(a) CrysIal structure neither the P brass or NaCl type

0-
p
--.-. .---- ---T--.----T
0 10 20 30 40 50 80
K We~ghtPercent T h a l l ~ u m

La-Mg A.A. Nayeb-Hashemi and J.B. Clark, 1988

Atomlc Percent Lanthanum
Composition, Pearson Space
1000 Phase wt% La symbol group

(Mg) 0 to 0.79 hP2 P63Immc

Y
O0
Mg12La 30.53 to 34.18(a) o1338(b) (Immm)(b)
Mg17Laz 40.21 hP38 P63/mmc
800 Mg3La ? to 66 cF16 F ~ T ~
Mgzk 74.07 cF24 Fdzm
85.1 cP2 P~3m
700 MgLa
('yLa) -93 to 100 ~12 Im3m)
@La) -98.2 to 100 cF4 F ~ T ~
800
@La) ? t o 100 h ~ 4 ~6~1mmc
(a) Homogeneity range estimated from lattice parameters. (b) This proposed crystal swucture is based on
500 the similarities of the lattice parameters of MgI2La with those of Mg12Ce(II).

400

300

200
0 10 20 30 40 50 80 70 80 80 I00

M!3 W e ~ g h tPercent Lanthanum La

La-Mn A. Palenzona and S. Cirafici, 1990

Atornlc P e r c r n t Mdnganrbe
Composition, Pearson Space
i
50 60 70 80 YO
A, - - + T - ~ - - - b - - - - - - - Phase wt% Mn symbol group

0 I
0
..--.....,.........
1.,1
10
l
.-
LO
. ...30, .........40,.........,-.
Wr~ght Percent
50
.......GOi.iT
Mangdrlese
70 80 YO
I
I00
Mn
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagramd2.273

La-Ni H. Okamoto, 1991

Composition, Pearson Space
Phw w t l Ni symbol group

(W) 0 cI2 Im?m

@La) 0 cF4 ~mTm
(aJ-a) 0 hP4 P6glmmc
La3Ni 12.3 oPl6 Pnma
La,Ni, 15.3 hP20 P6+tc
LaNi 29.7 oC8 Cmcm
La2Ni3 39.0 oC20 Cmca
La7Ni16 49.2 r146 142m
LaNi, 55.9 hR24 R?
PLa2Ni7 59.7 hR18 R3m
aLa2Ni, 59.7 hP36 P631mmc
LaNi5 67.8 hP6 P6Im-mm
( W 100 cF4 Fm3m
Metastable phase
LaNiz 66.7 cF24 Fdh

0 10 20 30 40 50
La Weight P e r c e n t N~ckel

A. Palenzona and S. Cirafici, 1992

Composition, Pearson Space
~hme wt% ~b symbol group

(V-a) 3.7 c12 lm?m

@La) o to <1.5 cF4 ~mJm
W-4 0 hP4 P63lmmc
La5Pb3 47.2 hP16 P63Imcm
LqPbda) 52.8 c128 1z3d
La5Pb4 54.4 oP36 Pnma
PLa3Pb4 66.5 ... ...
aLa3Pb4 66.5 ... ...
LaPb2 74.9 ... ...
LaPb3 81.7 cP4 ~ m z m
(Pb) -99.9 to 100 cF4 Fm3m
(a) Low-temperature modification

I'll

H.F. Franzen, unpublished

Composition, Pearson Space
~hme wt% s symbol group

(V-a) 0 ,212 ImTm

@La) 0 cF4 Fm?m
LaS 17 to 18.8 cF8 F ~ S ~
yLa2S3 23.5 to 26 ~128 143d

La W r ~ g h tP e r c e n t S u l f u l
20274/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

La-Sb R. Vogel and H. Klose, 1954

Atornlc P e r c e n t Antrrnony
Composition, Pearson Space
Phsse wt% Sb symbol group

(?La) -0 d2 1m3m
@La) -0 cF4 ~m$m
La2Sb 30.4
La3Sb2 37
LaSb 46.7
LaSbz 63.7
(Sb) -100
Other reported phases

Werght P e r c e n t A n t i m o n y Sb

La-Sc K.A. Cschneidner, Jr. and F.W. Calderwood, 1982

Atomlc Percent Scand~urn
O l O U 1 3 0 + 0 53 W 70 80 60 1W Composition, Pearson Space
1
m r n Phase wt% Sc symbol group

@La) o to -4.2 hP4 P63hmc

(Pa) 0 to -5.8 cF4 Fmh
(rLa,pSc) o to 100 ~12 ImTm
(asc) -64.7 to 100 hP2 P6zlmmc

La-Se H. Okamoto. 1990

- --
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Se symbol group

Wa) o CIZ 1m3m

@La) 0 cF4 Fm$m
@La) 0 hP4 P6glmmc
Lase 36.2 cF8 Fm3m
La3Se, 43.2 to 46 el28 IT3d
48 to 50.8 mP6 P2Ic
Lase2 50.9 to 53.2 tP6 P4lnmm
La3Se7 56 to 58 t** ...
(Se) 100 hP3 P3121

Z1.C

Werght P e r c e n t S e l r n l u r n Se
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagramsl2.275

A. Palenzona and S. Cirafici, 1992

Composition, Pearson Space
wt% Sn symbol group

yWa) 0 c12 In&

PWb) 0 cF4 ~ m m
aLa(c) 0 hP4 P63/mmc
La,Sn(d) 22 cP4 Pm3m
PLasSn3 33.9 hP16 P63/mcm
aLa5Sn3 33.9 1132 I4/mcm
La5Sn, 40.6 oP36 Pnma
Lal~Snde) 43.7 1/84 14/mm~n
LaSn 46.1 oC8 Cmcm
La~Sn3 56 ... ...
La3Sns 58.8 oC32 Cmcm
LaSn, 72 cP4 PmTm
PSn(fl 100 t14 I4 l/amd
aSn(g) 100 C F ~ FdTm
(a) From 918 to 865 "C. (b) From 865 to 310 T.(c) Up to 310 T. (d) High-temperature, high-pressure
phase (el Proposed structure type. (0 From 13 to 231.9681 T. (g) Up to 13 'C

S. Delfino, A. Saccone, A. Palenzona, and R. Ferro, unpublished

Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% TI symbol group

(?'La) 15.4 c12 1m%

@La) 0 to 2.8 cF4 Fmjm
(aLa) 0 hP4 P631mmc
La3Tl(a) 33 cP4 Pmm
-33 cF4 FmTm
La2TI -46.9 ... ...
La5T13 -46 to 47 1132 14Imcm
LaTl(b) -54 to -61 cP2 ~m?;m
c12 Im3m
LaTl(c) -54 to -6 1 rP2 P4/mmm
La3Tl~ -71 to -72 0~32 cmcm
LaT13 82 cP4 ~m3m
(PTU 100 c12 lm3m
(aTI) 100 hP2 P63Immc
(a) A cP4-cF4 order-disorder transformation in this phase has been suggested. (b) Cubic shucture
presumed to be room- and higher-temperature phases. (c) Tetragonal structure presumed to be lower-tem-
perature phase

L. Rolia and A. landelli, 1941

Atomlc Prrcent Z l n r
Composition, Pearson Space
-.I* -.r7 4-. w t k Zn symbol group

Im3m
FmTm
P63/mmc
pm%n
Imma
Cmcm
~3"
Fm3c
P63lmmc

P61mmm
141/amd
I41lamd

0
La We~ght Percent Z m c Zn
20276/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Li-Mg A.A. Nayeb-Hashemi, A.D. Pelton, and J.B. Clark, 1988

Atornlc P e l r e n t L ~ t h ~ u r n
0 30 40 50 70 80 80 Composition, Pearson Space
20 60
..... 95 100
Phase wt% Li symbol group

(Mg) 0 to 6 hP2 P63l~mc

@LO 8.5 to 100 cI2 Im3m
(aLi)(a) 100 hP2 P631mmc
Cold worked stabilized phase(b)
4$( 100 cF4 Fm?m
(a) Below -193 T.(b) Nonequilibrium

10 20 30 40 50 80 70 60 80 100

Mg Weight P e r c e n t L i t h i u m LI

Li-Na C.W. Bale, 1989

Atomlc P e r c e n t S o d ~ u m
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1
Composition, Pearson Space
350 Phase wt % Na symbol WOUP

(PLi) 0 el? Imb

(aLi)(a) 0 hP2 P63lmmc
(PW 100 cI2 Im5m
(aNa) loo h ~ z ~6~1mmc
(a) Below -193 'C

00
L1 Weight P e r c e n t S o d i u m Na

Li-Pb From [Hansenl

Atornlc P e r c e n t Lead
ROO
0
. .- .dm_.
20 30 SO I00
phase
Composition,
wt% Pb
Pearson
symbol
Space
group

(PW -0 c12 1m3m

(aLi)(a) o hp2 P63Immc
Li4Pb -88 ... ...
Lil$b3 -89.7 to -90.2 cP5 2 ~ c m
Li3Pb -91 cF16 Fm3m
LiSPb2 92.3 ... ...
PLiPb <96 to 96.8 cP2 Pm?m
aLiPb <96 to 96.8 hR 2 R3m
(Pb) 99.9 to 100 cF4 Fm3m
Other reported phases
Liz2Pb5 -87.1 cF432 F23
Li,Pbz -89.5 hP9 P321
LisPb3 -91.8 mC22 C21m
(a) Below -193 "C

LI W e ~ g h t P e r c e n t Lead Pb
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams/2*277

Li-Pd J.Sangster and A.D. Pelton, 1992

A t o r n ~ cP e r c e n l P . ~ l i a d ~ u r n
10 20 30 4050 70100 Composition, Pearson Space
wt% Pd symbol group

0 el2 Im7m
0 hP2 P63/mmc
75.5(b) cF* ...
80.4 c176 Ia3d
84 cF16 ~m3m
88.4 hP3 P6lnym
90.9 to 91.5 cP2(?) Pm3m
92.7 to 94.3 hP2 p6
-94 to 98 mP8 P2/m
99.1 cF32 Fm3m
99.7 to 100 cF4 Fm3m
(a) Below -193 T.
(b) Approximate composition

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
L1 Welght P e r c e n t P a l l a d i u m Pd

H. Okamoto, unpublished
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% S symbol group

(PLi) 0 c12 1m3m

(aLi)(a) 0 hP2 P63/mmc
LizS 69.8 cF12 ~m%n
(Ps) 100 mP48 P2 1/a
(as) 100 oF128 Fddd
(a) Below -193 "C

Li-Se P.T. Cunningham, S.A. Johnson, and E.J. Cairns, 1971

\ t o r n ~ rI'~lu.nL Selenlurn
Composition, Pearson Space
1400
0
+ - -..-7-....T.-.. ,. ... ...
.. .,.. ...A-5 7 10 20 30 40 50 70 IOU
"Y Phase wt% Se symbol group

(a) Below -193 "C

L1 \2.~.1ght F'rrcent Selenium Se

-----"-" -. -- -
2*278/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

H. Okamoto, 1990
A t o m ~ cP e r c e n t Sillcon
Composition, Pearson Space
-------A- 20 30 40 50 60 70 60 I Phase w i % Si symbol group

(DL0 0 c12 FmTm

(aLi)(a) o hP2 P63/mm~
Liz2SiS 47.9 cF432 F23
Li13Si4 55.4 of24 Pbam
Li,Si3 63 hR7 R3m
Li12Si7 70.2 oP152 Pn-ma
(SO 100 CF8 Fd3m
Questionable phases
Li4Si 50 oP250 ?
Li7Si2 53.6 oP36 Pbam
LiloSi3 54.9 cF416 ?
Li2Si 66.9 mC12 C2lm
Li13Si7 69 oP160 Pnma
(a) Below -193 O C

Li-Sn From [Moffatt]

Atornlc P e r c e n t Tin
5 10 20 30 40 60 Composition, Pearson Space
----------i
- -m------- Phase w t C Sn symbol group

(PLi) 0 c12 ImTm

(aLi)(a) o w 2 P63Immc
Liz2Sn5 79.5 cF432 F23
Li7Sn2 83.0 to ? oC36 Cnynm
Li13Sn5 86.8 hPlX PLm l
LiSSn2 87.3 hR7 R3m
Li7Sn3 88 mP20 P211m
LiSn 94.5 mP6 P2lm
Li2Sn5 97.7 t114 P4lmbm
(PSn) 100 t14 1411amd
(asn) 100 cF8 F ~ T ~
(a) Below -193 OC

Li-Sr C.W. Bale and A.D. Pelton, 1989

A t o m ~ cP e r c e n t S t r o n t l u m
0 Composition, Pearson Space
800~- 20 30 8 ,50
40 1 L70
U100
C Phase wt% Sr symbol group

(PLi) 0 ~12 Im3m

(aLi)(a) 0 hP2 P631mmc
Liz& 76.7 cF116 Fm3m
Li2Sr3 95 rP20 P42lmnm
LiSr7(?) 98.9 t** ...
LiSr,(?) 99.0 t** ...
hP* ...
(rsr) loo ~12 Im&
(as11 100 cF4 Fmm
(a) Below -193 "C

Welght P e r c e n t S t r o n t l u m Sr
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams/2.279

Li-Te J. Sangster and A.D. Pelton, 1992

A t o r ~ l l rP r r r ~ , r r L l ' c l l u r ~ u n ~
Composition, Pearson Space
....... ., . . . . . , . . . . , . . . . . ..<........
5
1,
10
-.A .... 20 30 4 0 80 100
Phase wt% Te symbol

1\ 1
lam 1
11 111 -L..A+.L group

I200 -
1204*IOT
,, \
s (PLi) 0 c12 1m3m
/ ,

1
I,00 ; (aLi)(a) 0 hP2 P63/mmc
LizTe 90.2 cF12 Fmm
IOUO 1.; LiTe, 98.2 hP48(b) P3cl
LZ : (aTe) 100 hP3 P3,21
?
900
Ll
,/ L, + Lz ti ,/'
w 1100 , I* . . \ (a) Below -193 "C. (b) Rhombohedrally centered hexagonal supercell, which is imposed on a cublc
pseudocell

sj
3
4
0 700
,/'

,/' I t
5011

1110 i

ill,,

180.8°C
200
I' 1788 io 3'c (Te+~
.&8
liirr -(?L1!., . . . . ., . . . . . ,.. . .,...... .,. . . . . .,...T.... .....,.7.......r.. ..
0 i0 20 iil 40 50 60 70 81) 90 i"0
I., I Y < ,gill I ' < ~ r r r l l i I P l l u l ,,,,ri 'I,<,

G.Grube and G.Schaufler, 1934

Composition, Pear son Space
~hise w t % TI symbol group

(PLi) -0 ~12 1m3m

(aLi)(a) 0 hP2 P631mm~
Li4TI 88 ... ...
Li,TI 91 cF16 FGm
Li5Tl2 -92.1 hR7 R3m
Li2Tl 93.6 oC12 Cmcm
LiTl -94.9 to 96.7 cP2 PmSm
(BTl) >99.9 to 100 el2 Im3m
(aT1) -99.9 to 100 hP2 P63lmmc
Other reported phase
LiZ2TlS 87.0 cF432 F23
(a) Below -193 "C

LI Weight Percent Thall~um

A.D. Pelton, 1991

Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Z n symbol group

(PLi) 0 to 12.5 c12 ImTm

(aLi)(a) 0 hP2 P63/mm~
LiZn -90.4 to 92 cF16 Fd3m
PLizZn3 -90.4 to 95 ... ...
aLi2Znz -93 to 93 c**? ...
LiZn, 94.97 ... ...
PLiDdb) 95.8 to 99.1 ... ...
aLizZn,(b) 95.6 to 96.2 h**(c) ...
PLiZn4 -96.6 to 98.8 hP2 P6jlmmc(d)
aLiZn4 -96.9 to 98.2 h**(e) ...
(Zn) 99.9 to 100 hP2 P631mmc
(a) Below -193 T. (b) Possibly LiiZng is a better designation. (c) Pseudocell. (d) D~sordered-random
distrtbution. (e) Ordered
20280/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

O.D. McMasters and K.A. Gschneidner, Jr., 1969

A t o m ~ cI'ercrnt Lead
Composition, Pearson Space
,800 j
0
........,. 10
i ....... 20
,7CC.,CC~L
10
.--- 40
i ...., 50
. .c,
60
>-.-..,.
....+ 70 00 90
LC-+
100
Phase wt% Pb symbol group

(Lu) 0 to -1.2 hP2 P63lmmc

Lu5Pb3 41.5 hP16 P631mcm
PLu5Pb4 48.6 ... ...
aLu5Pb4 48.6 oP* Pnma
Lu6Pb5or LuPb 49.7 ol* Ibam
LuPb2 70.3 (16 14lm-m
(Pb) -100 cF4 Fm3m

H. Okamoto, 1990
A t o m ~ cP e r c e n t Thalllurn
Composition, Pearson Space
1800 Phase wt% TI symbol group

(Lu) -0 hP6 P63lmmc

Lu5T13 41.2 hP16 P63Imcm
LuTl 53.9 ... ...
Lu3T15 66.1 oC32 Cmc_m
LuTI, 78 cP4 Pm2m
(PTU -100 el2 Im3m
-100 hP2 P6slmmc

0 10 20 30 10 50 60 70 80 90 100
Lu W e ~ g h tP e r c e n t T h a l l ~ u m TI

Mg-Mn A.A. Nayeb-Hashemi and J.B. Clark, 1988

Atornlc P e r c e n t Manganese
0 1 2 3
Composition, Pearson Space
. . . . . . . . . . . I . . - . . . . . . . . . .- . !. ,-, . p , , , , J- , , , .. Phase wt% Mn symbol group

-
0 I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Mg Weight Percent Manganese
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams/2.281

Mg-Ni A.A. Nayeb-Hashemi and J.B. Clark, 1991

Atornlc Percent N ~ c k e l
0 10 20 30 10 50 60 70 80 90
Composition, Pearson
164x7 wt% Ni symbol

I&
14W
/

w e i g h t percent Nickel Ni

Mg-Pb A.A. Nayeb-Hasherni and J.B. Clark, 1988

Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Ph symbol group

) I
o
M$
_ _ -..
T_..--._l

LO 20 m ro
W e ~ g h t Percent Lead
fin 70
...

Mg-Sb A,A. Nayeb-Hasherni and J.B. Clark, 1988

Atornlc P e r c e n t Antlmony
0 10 20 30 10 50 60 80
Composition, Pearson Space
1 , ' U Phase wt% s b symbol group

0 LO 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Mg W e ~ g h tP e r c e n t A n t ~ m o n y Sb
20282/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

A.A. Nayeb-Hashemi and J.B. Clark, 1988

Atornlc P e r c e n t S c a n d ~ u r n
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Sc symbol group

(Mg) 0 to -24.6 hP2 P63/mmc

Y ? to ? tP2 Pm3m
(PsC) -29.67 to 100 112 Im3m
? to 100 hP2 Pbdmmc

Welght P e r c e n t S c a n d i u m Sc

Mg-Si A.A. Nayeb-Hashemi and J.B. Clark, 1988

A t o m l c Percent S ~ l i c o n
Composition, Pearson Space
Phme wt% Si symbol group

(Mg) -0 hP2 P63/mmc

MgzSi 36.61 cF12 Fm3m
(Si) -100 d'8 Fd3m
High-pressure phases
MgzSKa) 36.61
SiII 100
(a) Above -2.5 GPa and 900 "C, it forms a hexagonal structure.

100
Weight P e r c e n t Silicon Si

Mg-Sm A.A. Nayeb-Hashemi and J.B. Clark, 1988

Composition, Pearson Space
Phw wt% sm symbol group
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams120283

Mg-Sn A.A. Nayeb-Hashemi and J.B. Clark, 1988

A t o r n l c Percent T l n
Composition, Pearson Space
900 Phase w t % Sn symbol group

High-pressure phases
Mg& 70.9
SnII 100
SnIII 100

IW
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Mg Weight Percent Tin

Mg-Sr A.A. Nayeb-Hashemi and J.B. Clark, 1988

A L o r n ~ c P e r c p n t SLr o r ~ t ~ i i ~ n
0 10 Lil 30 10 50 60 70 PPI 100
Composition, Pearson Space
ROO^---.--... .,.--- +-
i .i i i i i i.i..i 1-1 Phase w t % Sr svmbol eroun

Mg-Th A.A. Nayeb-Hashemi and J.B. Clark, 1988

Atomic Percent Thorlum
Composition, Pearson Space
18W -2-2- W
Phase wt% Th symbol group

(Mg) 0 to 4.75 hP2 P63Immc

16W
Mgz3Th6 7 1.35 cF116 Fmjm
,,' m h ) - Mg2Th (HT) 82.68 cF4 Fd3m
82.68 hP4 P631mmc
14W
<. ------53800s. MgzTh (LT)
100 c12 Im3m
(PTh)
(aTh) 100 cF4 Fm3m

Mg Weight Percent Thorium

2*284/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

MgTI A.A. Nayeb-Hashemiand J.B. Clark, 1988

Atornlc Percent Thalllum
20 30 10 50 80 80100 Composition, Pearson Space
800
Phase wt% TI symbol group

(Mg) 0 to 60.5 hP2 P63lmmc

MgsTlz 77.08 0128 Ibam
Mg2T1 80.78 hP9 P6Tm
MgTl 89.4 cP2 Pm3m
@TI) 100 el2 ImTm
(aT1) 100 hP2 P63Immc

Mg We~ght Percent Thalllum TI

H. Okamoto, 1991
A t o m ~ cPercent Yttrlum
30 40 50 60 70 80 90100
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Y symbol group

(Mg) 0 to 11.4 hP2 P63lmmc

E 35.9 to 41.8 c15 8 143m
MgzY 64.6 hP12 P63/mmc
M$Y 76 to 78.3 cP2 Pm3m
(Py) 85.5 to 100 c12 ImTm
(aY) 94.8 to 100 hP 2 P6,lmmc

Weight Percent Yttrrum Y

A.A. Nayeb-Hashemi and J.B. Clark, 1988

ALorn~c Percent Ytterbium
0 5 10 20 30 -10 50 60 130 100 Composition, Pearson Space
900 -" Phase wt% Yb symbol
-i group
i
(Mg) 0 to 8.0 hP2 P631mmc
(mfg,Yb) 74.7 to 80.2 hPl2 P631mmc
(W) -99 to 100 c12 Im3m
(PYb) 99.6 to 100 cF4 ~mTm
(an) 100 hP2 P63Immc

Welght Percent Ytterbrum Yb

 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams/2.285

J.B. Clark, 1. Zabdyr, and Z. Moser, 1988

Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Zn symbol group

0 to 6 . 2 hP2 P6glmmc
53.6 01142 Immm
74.0 ... ...
80.1 mCllO C2/m
84 to 84.6 hP12 P63/mmc
93.7 cP39 Pm?
99.9 to 100 hP2 P63Immc

Welght P e r c e n t Zinc Z 11

Mg-Zr A.A. Nayeb-Hasherni and J.B. Clark, 1988

Atornlc Percent Z ~ r c o n ~ u r n
0 1
Composition, Pearson Space
. . . . , . . . . . , , . . . . , , , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . , , , Phase wt% Zr symbol group

0 I 2 3 I 5 6 7

Mg Weight Percent Z ~ r c o n ~ u r n

p p j
Mn-Mo From [Molybdenurn]
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Mn symbol WouP
(Mo) + G
222 .C

2082.C BP
2*286/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

N.A. Cokcen, 1990

Atornlc P e r c e n t Nltrogen
0 10
. . . . 40! , , , . . . . , .. 50
,<, , , , - Phase
Composition,
wt% N
Pearson
symbol
Space
group

Im3m
Fm3m
P4132
143m
Fmh
P6322
P6322
P63lmmc
Pbcn
I41mmm

Mn Weight P e r c e n t Nltrogen

Mn-Nd H. Okamoto, 1992

Atomic P e r c e n t Neodymium
o 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Composition, Pearson Space
1 4 O O J 2 Phase wt% Nd symbol group

(SMn) o CIZ ~mTm

1248'C:-.--
--- -- -- (yMn) 0 cF4 ~mTm
1200-
1-(~MII) -------.
-.--. (PMn) 0 cp20 P4,32
1138.C.
1iao.c:47~") -__----- L
(aMn) 0 cI58 1z3m
--.
--..--. Mnz3Nd6 40.7 cF116 141mmm

A
U
1000- -.. lazl~ PMntNd 56.7 hP12 P63Immc
...
4
--. aMn,Nd 56.7 m**
3
4
-
d
*.
-.... (ma (PNd) 100 c12 Im3m
4
a :+&?Mn) ---- 883.C (aNd) P6slmmc
I
g 000-
x . 100 hP4

400

Mn Weight P e r c e n t N e o d y m ~ u m Nd

Mn-Ni N.A. Gokcen, 1991

ALornlr i'rrcrnl Nlrkrl
o 10 zo 30 40 so GO 70 no 90 100 Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Ni symbol WOUP

45.5~ (SMn) 0 to 6 cI2 Im3m

(yMn, Ni) 0 to 100 cF4 Fmm
(PMn) 0 to 19 cP20 P4132
(aMn) 0 to 10 cI5 8 Ia3m
cP 26 ... ...
E 34 to 38 ... ...
Na) 47 to 54 CPZ pmTm
11' 49 to 57.1 tP4 P41mmm
6 66 to 70 ... ...
r' -7 1 ... ...
1/ 7 2 to 86 cP4 Pm3m
(a) At 745 O C , this phase cannot be retained by quenching.

0 4 .....-.,....,.......,......-....?..A
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 60 90 100
Mn Welght P e r c e n t Nlckel NI
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams/2*287

H. Okarnoto, 1990
Composition, Pearson Space
Phme wt% 0 symbol group

(6Mn) 0 ~ 1 2 Im3m
(YM~) 0 cF4 Fmm
(PMn) 0 CP~O P4132
(aMn) 0 c15 8 143m
MnO 20 to 25 cF8 Fmm
PMn304 -28 ... ...

J. Berak and 1. Heurnann, 1950

Atomic P e r c e n t P h o s p h o r u s
10 20 30 10 50 Composition, Pearson Space
+-&-- ~-T--'--T------+-- Phase wi% P symbol group
-
-

(6Mn) -0 el2 ImSm

('MI -0 cF4 F ~ S ~
(PMn) -0 cP20 P4,32
-
Mn3P 16 r13 2 14
Mn2P 22.0 hP9 ~ 6 2 m
Mn3P2 27 ... ...
MnP 36.1 oP8 Pnma
Other reported phase
-
MnP, 69 aPl0 P1
aP30 Pi

Mn
25 --I
Welght P e r c c n t P h o s p h o r u s
30 35

From [Hansen]
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Pd symbol group

(6Mn) 0 to -9 ~12 Im?m

(Wn) 0 to -35 cF4 Fmm
(PMn) 0 to -8 cP20 P4132
(aMn) 0 to -4 ~158 173m
PWnPd) -54 to <79 CP2 ~mSm
PI -63 to <8 1 ... ...
82 -77.5 to 80.1 ... ...
(Pd) 81.5 to 100 cF4 FmTm
Other reported phases
Mn2Pd3(HT) -74 tP2 P4lmmm
Mn2Pd3(LT) -74 t** ...
Mn3Pd5 -76.4 d l 6 Cmmm
Mn11Pd21 -78.6 tP32 P4lmmm
MnPdz 85 1/16 14mm
20288lBinary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Mn-Pr H. Okamoto, 1990

A t o m l c P e r c e n t Praseodymium
0 10 20 30 40 so 60 70 80 90 100 Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Pr symbol group

(6Mn) o d2 1m3m
(Wn) 0 cF4 FmSm
(PMn) 0 CEO P4132
(aMn) o cI58 143m
Mn23Pr6 40.1 cF116 Fmsm
(PW -96.5 to 100 el2 Im3m
(apt) ? to 100 hP4 P631mmc
Metastable phase
MnzPr 56.1 hP12 P6slmmc

lIO0

Mn-Pu S.T. Konobeevsky, 1955

A t o m ~ cP e r c e n t Manganese
10 20 30 40 50 80 70 80 100
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Mn symbol group

(EPu) -0 c12 l m h
(6'Pu) -0 r12 14/mmm
(6Pu) -0 cF4 Fmsm
(Ypu) -0 oF8 Fddd
(PPu) -0 me34 C2lm
(ah) -0 m~16 P21lm
PuMn2 -31.1 cF24 Fdzm
(6Mn) -100 d2 Im3m
(Wn) -100 cF4 Fmsm
(PMn) -100 CEO P4132
(aMn) -100 c158 133m

Pu Welght P e r c e n t Manganese Mn

Mn-Sb H. Okamoto, 1990

ALomic P e r c e n t Antimony
o 10 20 &5p7 80 90 100
Phase
Composition,
wt% Sb
Pearson
symbol
Space
group

(6Mn) 0 to ? r12 1m5m

(Wn) o to ? cF4 Fmm
(PMn) 0 to ? CP~O P4]32
(aMn) 0 to ? el58 I43m
Mn2Sb -52.5 rP6 P41nmm
MnSb -61 to -68 hP4 P6gFmc
(Sb) 100 hR2 R3m

Mn W e ~ g h tP e r c e n t Antlmony Sb
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams120289

H. Okamoto, 1991
Composition, Pearson Space
Phw w t W Si symbol WOUP

(SMn) Im3m
(Wn) Fm?m
(PMn) P4,32
(aMn) 143m
R R?
v Immm
PMn3Si ~ m m
aMn3Si
Mn5Si2 P4]2]2
Mn5Si3 P63lrncm
MnSi PZ13
Mn11si19 P4n2
(Si) Fd3m

Mn-Sm H.R. Kirchmayr and W. Lugscheider, 1970

Composition, Pearson Space
Phrse wt% Sm symbol group

(6Mn) -0 ~12 Im3m

(YM~ -0 cF4 Fmm
(PMn) -0 CEO P4132
(aMn) -0 c15 8 I43m
Mnz3Sm6 -41.7 cF116 Fmm
Mn2Sm 57.7 hP12 P6jlymc
&4 Fd3m
(6Sm) -100 62 1m3m
($Sm) -100 hP2 P6glmmc
(aSm) -100 hR13 ~ ? m

u H. Okamoto, 1990
Composition, Pearson Space
Phw wt% Sn symbol group

(6Mn) 0 t 0 19 ~12 lm3m

(Wn) 0 to 14 cF4 Fm?m
(PMn) 0 to 21 cpzo P4,32
(aMn) 0 to 2 c15 8 143m
Mn3Sn 41 to 43 hP8 P631mmc
Mn2Sn 49 to 57 hP6 P631mmc
MnSn2 81.2 1/12 I41mcm
($sn) 100 t12 1411amd
(aSn) 100 C F ~ F ~ S ~
2e290/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Mn-Ti J.L. Murray, 1987

Atornlc P e r c e n t Menganesr
Composition, Pearson Space
wt% Mn symhol group

(a)Undetermined.(b)Onhorhornbic. ( c ) Metastable phase

~~ ...
TI Welght P e r c e n t Manganese Mn

Mn-U From [Hansen]

A t o m ~ cP ~ r c e n iMCinganese
Composition, Pearson Space
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
- I
,, --. .. , . .. . , . ... ., 100
, ,,, , , . wt% Mn symbol group

0 to -0.5 ,212 Im3m

0 to -0.4 tP30 P42Imnm
-0 0C.l Cmcm
I_.*
_..- -3.7 tI28 14lmcm
31.6 011 2 Imma
-55
31.6 cF24 FdTm
31.6 mC24 C2lm
-100 cI2 1m7m
-100 cF4 F ~ S ~
-100 cP20 P4132
-100 cI5 8 1z3m

0 10 20 30 40
--...,..... -
50 60 70 RO 90 100
II Welght P r r c r n t M a n g a n r s r Mn

H. Okamoto, 1992
A t o m ~ cP e r c e n t Manganese
2o00+ 10 20 30 40 50 BO 70 80 90 100 Composition, Pearson Space
Phme wt% Mn symbol group

(V,6Mn) o to loo cI2 Im3m

6' ? to -57 cP2 Prnm
0 ? to ? tP30 P421mnm
(Wn) 99 to 100 cF4 Fmm
(PMn) 93 to loo CEO ~4132
(aMn) 92 to 100 cI58 133m

V W e ~ g h tP e r c e n t Manganese Mn
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams/2.291

A. Palenzona and S. Cirafici, 1991

Composition, Pearson
Phase wt% Y symbol

(a) Synthesized under high temperature ( I 300 ' C ) and high pressure (40 kbar) (b) Distorted tetragonal
Cu2Mg type obtained below 100 K

Mn-Zn H. Okamoto and L.E. Tanner, 1990

Composition, Pearson Space
Phae w i % Zn symbol group

lm3m
Fmjm
I4lmmm
P 4 1 31
IZ3m
PmSm
Pmm
P631mmc
P631mmc

PmSm
P41mmm

Mn-Zr M. Lasocka, unpublished

Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Zr symbol group

(6Mn) o to 2.06 ~12 1m3m

(YM~) 0 cF4 F ~ T ~
(PMn) o to -2 C P ~ O ~ 4 ~ 3 2
(aMn) 0 to 2.06 c15 8 143m
Mn2Zr 30.40 to 53 hP12 P631pmc
(PZr) 93.6 to 100 c12 Im3m
(azr) 100 hP2 P6dmmc
2*292/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Mo-N P.R. Subramanian, 1990

Atornlr P e r r r n t N ~ t r o g e n
Composition, Pearson Space
10 20
J . .c 30 40
I -7
-
50 60
~hme wt% N symbol group
2823.C P > 1000 a t m
(Mo) 0 to 0.16 cI2 ImTm
2400 L YMozN 5.1 to 7 cF8 Fm?m
2200 PMozN 5.6 to 7 dl2 1411a_md
M03Nz -9 cP8 Pm3m
MoN 12.7 hP16 P6glmmc
Mo4Ns -15.5 hP8 P6slmmc

I0
Welght P e r c e n t N ~ t r o g e n

Mo-Nb H. Okarnoto, 1991

A t o m ~ cPercent Niobium
Composition, Pearson Space
~hlsp ~ t ~b
% symbol group

(Mo,Nb) 0 to 100 c12 Im3m

2400
0 10 20 30 40 50 80 70 80 90 100
Mo Weight P e r c e n t N i o b ~ u m Nb

Mo-Ni H. Okarnoto, 1991

Atomic P e r c e n t M o l y b d r n u r n
0
Composition, Pearson Space
2700: -1 c-,........20 30 40 50 GO 70 80 80
.... phase wt% MO symbol group

(Ni) Fmm
Ni4Mo 14lm
Ni3Mo Pmnn
NiMo p211121
(Mo) Im3m
Metastable phases
NilMo ...
Ni3Mo I4/mmm
Ni4Mo ...
NiI7Mo5 ...
( a ) Al 1317 "C. (b) At 1362 'C
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams120293

1. Brewer and R.H. Lamoreaux, 1980

Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% 0 symbol UP

I MOO, + G
Q

20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 IM
W r ~ ~ hPercent
t Oxygen 0

From [Molybdenum]
Atornlc Pcrcrnt O s r n l u m
Composilion, Pearson Space
-"-. 10 20
..-....A.....30k - 40
4 -.... 50
LC&
60
4.... -+-,L-
..7,.70 80 90 0
Phase wt% 0 s symbol group
3033.C
(Mo) 0 to 32.4 c12 ImTm
Mo30s -40 cP8 Pm3n
a (Mo,Os) 46 to 56 tP30 P4dmnm
(0s) 65 to 100 hP2 P63lmmc

From [Molybdenum]
Composition, Pearson
Phase wt% P svmbol

Other reported phase

M05P3

Mo We~ght Percent Phosphorus 1'

- -- -- . . -" --
20294/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Mo-Pd H. Okamoto, 1992

Atomic Percent P a l l a d ~ u m
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Pd symbol group
(Mo) 0 to 8 c12 ImTm
E -58 hP2 P63lmmc
(Pd) 61 to 100 cF4 Fm3m

We~ght Percent Palladium

Mo-Pt 1. Brewer and R.H. Lamoreaux, 1980

Atomic Percent P l a t ~ n u m
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Pt symbol group

(Mo) 0 to 26 f 2 c12 Imb

Mo,Pt 31.6 f 0.7 cP8 PmSn
E? 48flto71f2 hP2 P631mmc
E' 48.4 f 1 to 62 f 2 hP8 P63lmmc
MoPt 61f2to70f2 of4 Pmma
MoPtz 74 f 2 to 84 f 1 016 Immm
(Po 72 f 2 to 100 cF4 Fm3m

Mo Weight Percent P l a t i n u m Pt

Mo-Pu From [Molybdenuml

A t o r n ~ cPercent Plutonium
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Pu symbol group
(Mo) 0 c12 ImTm
(EPu) 100 c12 Im3m

Mo Weight Percent P l u t o n ~ u m Pu
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams/2*295

Mo-Rh From [Molybdenum]

Atomlc Percent Rhodlum
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Rh symbol group

(Mo) 0 to 21 cI2 Im3m

MoRh -51.8 oP4 Pmma
e -44 to 83 hP2 P631mmc
MoRh3 -76 ... ...
(Rh) 86 to 100 cF4 ~ m m

lo(
Mo Weight Percent Rhodium Rh

H. Okamoto, 1990
Composition, Pearson Space
J
~ h w wt% R u symbol group

(Mo) 0 to 33.6 el 2 ImTm

a 37.9 to 40.7 tP30 P42/mnm
(Ru) 49.8 to 100 hP2 P63/mmc
2334'C

L. Brewer and R.H. Lamoreaux, 1980

A t o m ~ cPercent Sulfur
Composition, Pearson Space
~ h w wt% s symbol group

(Mo) 0 to 1 c12 Im3m

L + 1 atm S2 M02S3
MoSz
-33
39 to 44
mPlO
hP6
p21/m
P63Lmmc
hR 3 R3m
(PS) 100 mP* P2,/c
U (aS)(a) 100 oF128 Fddd
&
0 (a) Below 95.5 "C
3 L5w
4

Z
$ IWO
MoS, + 1 atm G

5W

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 IW
Mo Weight Percent Sulfur S
2*296/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Mo-Si A.B. Gokhale and G.J. Abbaschian, 1991

A t o m i c Percent Sllicon
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Si symbol group

(Mo) 0 to -1 c12 ImTm

Mo$i 9 cP8 Pm3n
MoSSi3 -14.9 tI38 I4lmcm
PMoSiz 37.0 ... C622
aMoSi2 37.0 t16 I4lmmm
(Si) 100 cF8 Fd3m

O LO 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 80 IW
Mo Weight Percent Silicon Si

Mo-Ta R. Krishnan, S.P. Garg, and N. Krishnamurthy, 1986

A t o m ~ cP e r c e n t T a n t a l u m
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 60 00 I00 Composition, Pearson Space
3100 Phase wt% 'lb symbol group

(Mo,Ta) 0 to 100 c12 Im3m

Mo Welght P e r c e n t T a n t a l u m Ta

Mo-Ti J.L. Murray, 1987

A t o m ~ cP e r c e n t Molvbdenum
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% MO symbol group

(a) Metastable

I00

TI W e ~ g h t P e r c e n t Molybdenum Mo
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams/2.297

H. Okamoto, 1990
Composilion, Pearson Space
Phase wt% U symbol group

(Mo) 0 to 9 c12 Im3m

MoU, 83.2 116 14Im-
(Yu) 98 to 100 c12 Im3m
(pu) 99 to 100 tP30 P4zlmnm
(aU) 99 to 100 oC4 Cmcm

Mo W r ~ g h t Prrcrnt Uran~um

Mo-V J.F. Smith, 1989

2700y Atomlc P e r c e n t Vanadlum
60 70 80
Phase
Composition,
wi% V
Pearson
symbol
Space
group

(Mo,V) 0 to 100 c12 Im3m

Mo-W S.V. Nagender Naidu, A.M. Sriramamurthy, and P. Rama Rao,

A t o m l c Percent T u n g s t e n 1984
..--.-
50 M1 70 80 90
3500 . . - ~ - ~ ,
Composition, Pearson Space
3rzP Phase wt% W symbol group

(Mo,W) 0 to 100 c12 lmh

2533
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Mo Welght Percent T u n g s t e n W
2*298/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Mo-Zr From [Zirconium]

Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Zr symbol group

(Mo) 0 to -10 c12 ~ m k

MozZr 32 to 39 cF2 4 Fdzm
@zr) -58 to 100 c12 Im3m
(aZr) -loo hp2 P631rnmc

0 10 20 30 10 50 60 70 80 90 100
Mo W e ~ g h tP e r c e n t Z ~ r c o n l u m Zr

Yu.V. Levinskiy, 1974

Atornlc P r r c e n l N ~ t r o g e n
Composition, Pearson Space
--J..
ti"
20 10 40 50 60
AT A
. ,--
A . Phase wt% N symbol group
F
3000
(Nb) 0 to <3 c12 1~3m
Nb2N -5.9 to 7 hP9 P31m
Nb4N3 -10.2 t114 I4/mmm
NbN -13.1 hP8 P63/mmc
Other reported phases
Nb3N 5 tP5X P4/m
Nb~oN9 12.0 hP2 ~6m2
NbN 13.1 hP4 P6glmmc
Nb5N6 15.3 hP22 P6jlmcrn
NbA 15.9 rIl8 14/m

Nh Welght P e r c e n t N~trogerr

N-Ni H.A. Wriedt, 1991

Atomic P e r c e n t Nitroeen
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% N symbol group

Stable phases
(W(4
Ni3N
Ni(Nd2
Other phases
Ni4N,I
Ni4N,II
Ni2N
Ni&(b)
(a) At 25 "C. (b) Existence questionable
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams/2.299

J. Gatterer, D. Dufek, P. Ettrnayer, and R. Kieffer, 1975

0 10 20
JSOO j .+-..A- ....,-L-.,.
'10 10
--., ...,7.7-v
50
,..7--,,7T,.,.7
Phase Composition,
wt% N Pearson
symbol Space
group
I (Ta)
Ta2N
6
TaN
Other reported phases
Ta9N2
Ta4(HT?)
Ta2N
TaN
T%N6
Ta4N5
Tad, ...
Cmcm
C2lm

H. Okarnoto, 1990
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% N symbol group

(PTh) 0 el2 Imjm

(aTh) 0 cF4 FmSm
T ~ N -5.7 C F ~ ~~3~
Th3N4 -7.4 mC4 Cm
o*18

N-Ti H.A. Wriedt and J.L. Murray, 1987

A t o r n l c Percent Nltroeen
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% N symbol group

Stable phases
(aTi) 0 to 8 hP2 P6gImmc
0 to 1.9 c12 Im3m
Ti2N -13 tP6 P4dmnm
TiN 10 to >22.6 cF8 Fm3m
6' -15 t112 14llamd
0 -0 h** ...
Metastable phase
20300/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

N-U From [Metals]

Alorrrlr 1)r-rwnt Nit rogen
Composition, Pearson Space
40
i,- .......,...
50
. ,.....--.-
.c +.
60
.- phase wt% N symbol group
-. L + G
.-. 2805.C ( W -0 cl2
tP30
lm3m
P42/mnm
(PU) -0
(aU) -0 0c4 Cmcm
UN -4.4 to 5.6 CF8 F@m
PUzN3 -7 to 7.5 hP5 P3ml
aU2N3 -8 to 8.4 el80 la3
Other reported phases

From [Zirconium]
Atomlc Percent Nltrogen
Composition, Pearson Space
10 20 30 40 33
Phase wt% N symbol group

(W) 0 to 0.7 c12 Im3m

(azr) o to 5 h ~ 2 ~6~1mmc
ZrN 9 to ? cF8 Fm3m

ZrN

H.A. Wriedt, 1987

Atomlc Percent O x v e e n
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase w% 0 symbol group

(PNa) o d2 1m3m
(aNa) 0 hP2 P6glmmc
Na20 25.8 cF12 Fm3m
Na202-I1 41.0 ... ...
Na202-I 41.0 hP9 ~62!(a)
Na02 (1) 58.2 cF8 Fm3m
Na02 (11) 58.2 cP12 Pa3
Na02 (111) 58.2 oP6 Pnnm
Na03 68 bct I4lmmm
Other phase
NazOz-Q(b) 41.0 ... ...
(a) Might be ~ 6 2 m(b)
. Noncubic
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams/2.301

Na-Pb From [Metals]

A t o r r r ~ r Perrent Sodlum
IW Composition, Pearson Space
-
-
i-
- Phase wt% Na symbol group

(Pb) 0 to 2.7 cF4 Fmm

P(Pb+a) >4 to >5 C P ~ ~mJm
PbNa 10.0 t164 141Iacd
Pb4b -20.0 hP26 P63lmmc
PbzNa5 -21.7 hR 7 R3m
P~.&Is -29 to 31 c17 6 Iqd
(PNa) -100 CI2 lm3m
Other reported phases
PbsNa13 -22.4 hP36 P63lmmc
PbNas -36.5 hP * ...

Na-Rb C.W. Bale, 1982

A t o r n ~ cP e r c e n t R u b ~ d ~ u r n
Composition, Pearson Space
Phare wt% Rb symbol group

0 c12 ImZm
100 c12 Im3m

-4 5ooc

-40

Na Weight P e r c e n t R u b i d ~ u r n Rb

H. Okamoto, 1990
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% S symbol group

(PW o ~ 1 2 1m3m
Na2S 41.0 cF12 Fm3m
PNaS 58.2 hP8 P63lmmc
aNaS 58.2 hP12 ~62m
NazS4 73.6 t148 142d
Na2S5 -78 oP28 Pnma
(s) 0 mP64 P~I/c

5 ZZ'C
2*302/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Na-Sb C.H. Mathewson, 1906

A t o m ~ cPercent Antlmony
Composition, Pearson Space
10
--
20 30 40
...Y),....I
fiO 70 HI1 I00
-,..L.LL
i Phase - wt% Sb - symbol -
group

Weight Percent A n t i m o n y Sh

Na-Se H. Okarnoto, 1990

Composition, Pearson Space
phase wt% Se symboi group
YO0

(PW o ~12 1m3m

600 NazSe 63.2 cF12 ~mTm
NaSe 77.4 hP8 P631mmc
700 Na2Se3 84 ... ...
NaSez 87.3 ... ...
U 600
NaSe3 91 ... ...
(Se) 100 hP3 P3121
3 so0

0,

300

LOO

87.8Y
100

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 00
Na We~ght P e r c e n t Selen~urn

Na-Sn H. Okarnoto, 1990

Atomic Percent Tin
0 Composition, Pearson Space
700 Phase wt% Sn symbol BrOUP

ImTm
A3d
Pnma
...
Cmcm
...
...
1411acd
...
...
...
...
i4llamd
~dSm

Na We~ght Percent Tln Sn

 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams/2*303

Na-Sr A.D. Pelton, 1985

Atomic Percent S t r o n t l u r n
Composition, Pesrson Space
Phase wt% Sr symbol group
788.C

(PNa) 0 c12 1m3m

(aNa) 0 hP2 P631mm~
(PW 97.2 to 100 c12 lm7m
(aSr) 96.4 to loo C F ~ ~m?m

Welght P e r c e n t S t r o n t i u m

Na-Te A.D. Pelton and A. Petric, 1990

A t o m ~ cP ~ r c e n tT ~ l l u r ~ u m
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Te symbol group

(PNa) o ~12 1m5m

(aNa) 0 hP2 P63lmmc
Na2Te 73.5 cF12 ~~3~
NaTe 84.7 ... ...
NaTe, 94 ... ...
(Te) 100 hP3 P3121

. . . . .
Na Welght P c r c r n t 'I'ellilrlum Tr

G. Grube and A. Schmidt, 1936

Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% TI symbol group

(PNa) o to 9.0 ~12 1m3m

N%Tl -59.7 cF400 Fz3m
Na,TI 81.6 oC48 C2221
NaTl 86.4 to 91.2 cF16 FdTm
NaTI, 94.7 ... ...
@TI) 95.8 to 100 c12 ImTm
96 to 100 hP2 P631mmc
2@304/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Nb-Ni H. Okamoto, 1992

A t o m ~ cP e r c e n t Nlobium
Composition, Pearson Space
Phlse wt% Nb symbol group
489-C
(Ni) 0 to 18.2 cF4 Fmh
NisNb 16.5 1136 ...
Ni3Nb 33.1 to 38.0 of8 Pymn
Ni,Nb, 60.9 to 65.5 hR13 R3_m
(Nb) 97 to 100 c12 Im3m

Ni Weight P e r c e n t N i o b ~ u m Nb

Nb-0s R.M. Waterstrat and R.C. Manuszewski, 1977

A t o m ~ cP e r c e n t Osmlum
o 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 so loo Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% 0 s symbol group
3033%
(Nb) 0 to 32 cI2 ImTm
P >41 to -46 cP8 Pm3n
u 43 to 64 tP30 P4zlmnm
X 66 to 78 cI58 143m
(0s) 85 to 100 hP2 P63lmmc

-m0
1000 Nb
Weight P e r c e n t Osmium 0s

Nb-Pd MS. Chandrasekharaiah, 1988

Atomic P e r c e n t P a l l a d ~ u m
Composition, Pearson Space
wt% ~d symbol group

0 to 39 cI2 ImTm
52 to 63 cF4 Fm3m
69.2 to 70.1 0114 Immm
78(b) t18 I4lmmm
76 to 78 ... Pmmn
73 to 100 cF4 Fm3m
(a) Data from rapidly quenched samples. (b) At I300 "C
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams/2*305

Nb-Pt H.Okamoto, 1990

Composition, Pearson Space
pha~e wt% ~t symbol group

(Nb) 0 to -22 c12 ImKm

Nb3Pt -33 to -45 cP8 Pm3n
Nb2Pt -49 to -56 tP30 P4zlmnm
N ~ I ~ ' ~ I + x 69 to 70 oP4 Pmma
a'Pt -74 ... ...
NbPt, -8 1 016 Immm
PNbPt, -87 mP48 p21/m
aNbPt, -87 oP8 Pmmn
(pt) -89 to LOO cF4 ~m?m

Nb-Rh D.L. Ritter, B.C. Giessen, and N.J.Grant, 1964

A t o r n l o Percent Hhodlurrr
0 20 Composition, Pearson Space
2 6 0 0
10
7 L.......,.301 10
L7-.+.--II&
50 60 70 R/I 'I0
Phase ~ 1 %
Rh symbol group

Imxm
Pm3n
P42/mnm
...
P4/mmm
...
Pmma
P2/m
~6m2
Pmm
Fm?m
Other reported phases
NbRh P4lmmm
Pnma
Pnma

Nb Welght Percent Rhodlurn Rh

Nb-Ru H. Okamoto, 1990

ALom~cP e r c e n t Ruthenium
Composition, Pearsoo Space
wt% Ru symbol

. .
NbRu 43 to 60 cP2 PmTm
NbRu' ? lP2 P4/mmm
NbRu, 76.5 cP4 Pmm
(Ru) 72.7 to 100 hP2 P63lmmc

Nb We~ghtP e r c e n t R u t h e n l u m
2e306/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

H. Okamoto, A.B. Cokhale, and C.J. Abbaschian, unpublished

Composition, Pearson Space
Phnw wt% Si symbol group

(Nb)
Nb3Si
$Nb5Si3
aNb5Si3
NbSiz
(Si)
Metastable phases
Nb,Si
Nb3Sim
Nb3Sim'
Nb3Sim"
yNb5Si3
High-pressure phase
NblSi-I

Nb-Ta R. Krishnan, S.P. Carg, and N. Krishnamurthy, 1982

Atomic Percent T a n t a l u m
0 10 20 Composition, Pearson Space
3100
PIIPS~ wt% ~a symbol group

(Nb,Ta) 0 to 100 c12 ImTm

2300

Nb We~ght Percent T a n t a l u m Ta

Nb-Th O.N. Carlson, J.M.Dickerson. H.E. Lunt, and H.A. Wilhelm,

A t o m ~ cPercent Niobium 1956
0 10 20 30 10 50 60 70
2600
Composition, Pearson Space
pb~se wt9b ~b symbol group

(BTh) 0 to -0.6 c12 ImTm

(aTh) 0 to -0.4 cF4 ~mTm
(Nb) 100 c12 Im3m

1200

Th Weight Percent N ~ o b i u m Nb
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams/2*307

1.1. Murray, 1987

Composition, Pearson Space
Phase w t k Nb symbol group

(PTiJb) 0 to 100 d2 lm3m

(aTi) 0 to 4.7 hP2 P6jlmmc
Metastable phases
(a'Ti) 0 to -9 hP2 P63/mmc
(a%) -14 to 43 oC4 Cmcm
w 16 to45 hP3 P6/mmm
7 26 to 4 1 (a) ...
(a) bct

Nb-U H. Okamoto, 1990

A i o m ~ cP e r c e n t U r a n ~ u m Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wtk U symbol group

(Nb,yU) 0 to 100 c12 ImJm

(PU) 9'8.5 to 100 cF4 F ~ J ~
(aU) -100 hP2 P63lmmc

Weight P e r c e n t U r a n i u m

J.F. Smith and O.N. Carlson, 1989

A t o m ~ cP e r c e n t N ~ o b l u m
20 30 40 50 60 70 60 40 0 Composition, Pearson Space
Phase w t k Nb symbol group
~ 4 6 9 ~ ~

(V,Nb) 0 to 100 c12 Im3m

I800
o 10 20 30 40 50 GO 70
...80,......___
90
.,
in
V W e ~ g h t P e r c e n t Nlobrum Nb
2e308/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

S.V. Nagender Naidu, A.M. Sriramamurthy, and P. Rama Rao,

Atornlc Percent Tungsten 1988
30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Composition, Pearsoo Space
Phase wt% w symbol group

(Nb,W) 0 to 100 c12 1m5m

23W
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1W
Nb Welght Percent Tungsten W

Nb-Zr H. Okamoto, 1992

Atomic Percent Niobium Composition, Pearson Space
2600 PIIW wt% ~b symbol group

(PZrJb) 0 to 100 c12 ImTm

(azr) o to 0.7 h ~ 2 P6glmmc
Metastable phase
o ... hP3 (a)
(a) Changes from P61mmm to ~ % nwith
l increasing Nb content

Zr Weight Percent Niob~um Nb

Nd-Ni H. Okamoto, 1992

Atomic Percent Nickel Composition, Pearson Space
1600 Phase wt% Ni symbol group

(PNd) Im3m
(aNd) P6glmmc
Nd3Ni Pnma
Nd7Ni3 P6gmc
NdNi Cmcm
NdNi2 Fgm
NdNi3 R3m
Nd2Ni7 P63/mmc
R3m
NdNiS P6lmmm
Nd2NiI7 P63/mmc
(NO Fm3m

Nd Weight Percme n t N I kel Ni

 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams/2-309

Nd-Pt H. Okamoto, 1990

Atorncr. P r r c c r i t I > l . ~ t > r ~ i i r r l
2500 7.........,.......,.... --,7..7-
!:I
20
A
:so
I
40
..I.II ..-5C0, . c , C CGO. C C 1 70
l.r.l
80
A -.T-
90
...... Phase
Composition,
wt% Pt
Pearson
symbol
Space
group

P6pc
R3
Cmcm
Pnma
~3

Nd-Rh H. Okamoto, 1990

Atomlc P e r c e n t Rhodlum
o 10 20 30 Composition, Pearson Space
z o n o ~ - - -..,- - - . ~ - - . , . ~ ~ . . - - - . -80- ~ . . t90
40 50 60 70 100
phase wt% ~h symbol group
,<1983T
,':
0 c12 1m7m
(PW
,800 ] (aNd) 0 hP4 P631mmc
Nd4Rh 15 oP16 Pnma
i L Nd7Rh3 23 hP20 P6gmc
1600i ,--.. 32 ... ...
., PNd3Rh2
I .
, >
\ ,
,
... 'J
'
I
!
1410~
aNd3Rh,
Nd5Rh4
NdRh
32
36.3
39
hR15
oP36
oC8
R3
Pnma
Cnyn
NdRh, 58 to 60.8 cF24 Fd3m
, t
NdRh, 68 hP24 P63/pnc
(Rh) 100 cF4 Fm3m
1000 (Wf~

800~
s 2
6-
S
800 L
0 10 20 30 40
A .-7 7
50
T
60
-
70 80 90
--.7-.-
+
100
Nd Welght Percent Rhod~urrr Rh

Nd-Sb H. Okamoto, 1990

Atomlc Percent Antimony
0 10 20 30 10 50 Composition, Pearson Space
ZZOO~..,.....~.i .,-.- L --... wt% Sb symbol group
- 6

c12 1m3m
hP4 Pbglmmc
hP16 P6glmcm
c128 I43d
cF8 Fm3m
oC24 Cmca
hR2 R3m

Nd Welght Percent Antlrnony 5h

. -. -".- -"-- - --- . - - ---- - - -

2.31 O/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Nd-Si A.B. Gokhale, A. Munitz, and G.J. Abbaschian, 1989

A t o r n ~ cP e r c e n t S ~ l l c o n
30 50
2000i I 0 2 0 40 Composition, Pearson Space
.
- . A Phw wt% Si symbol group

( P W 0 c12 Im3m
(aNd) 0 hP4 P63lmmc
NdsSi3 -10.3 to -10.7 t132 I4lmcm
NdSSi4 13.48 ... P41212
NdSi 16.3 of8 Pnma
Nd3Si4 21 ... ...
PNd2Si3 23 ... ...
aNd2Si3 22.6 hP3 P6lmmm
PNdSi, 28.14 tI12 Mllamd
aNdSi, 25.7 to 28.14 ... Imma
(Si) 100 cF8 F&

Nd Welght P e r c e n t Sillcon Si

Nd-Sn H. Okamoto, 1990

1800w- A t o r n ~ c P e r c e n t Tin
100
Phase
Composition,
wt% So
Pearson
symbol
Space
group

(PNd) 0 to 6 cI2 Im3m

(aNd) 0 to 2 hP4 P63lmmc
NdsSn3 33.1 hP16 P63lmcm
NdsSn4 39.7 oP36 Pnma
W I S ~ I O 42.8 t184 I~I~IIIIII
NdSn 45.1 ... ...
NdsSnS 57.8 ... ...
NdSn3 71 cP4 PmSm
(Wn) 100 t14 141/amd
(asn) 100 cF8 ~d3m

. . . . .
Nd Welght P e r c e n t Tln Sn

Nd-Te H. Okamoto, 1990

A t o r n ~ cP e r c e n t T e l l u r ~ u m
Composition, Pearson Space
2500
Phw wi% Te symbol group

( m ) 0 c12 Im3m
(aNd) 0 hP4 P63lmmc
NdTe 46.9 cF8 ~m?m
Nd3Teda) 54 to 57? ,2128 133d
NdzTeda) 57 0~20 ~nma
NdTe2 60.7 to 63.9 tP6 P4lnmm
Nd2TeS 68.8 oC28 Cmcm
NdTe3 73 oPl6 Cmcm
(Td 100 hP3 P3121
(a)The phase relationships between Nd3Te4andNdZTe3,and the homogeneityrange of each, are unknown.

49.67.C

4 50 60 70 80 90 100
Nd Welght P e r c e n t T e l l u r ~ u r n Te
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams/2*311

Nd-Ti 1.1. Murray, 1987

A t o r n ~ cP e r r e n t N e o d y m ~ u m
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 1 0 Composition, Pearson Space
1 9 U O j - - - ~ . d . . , - - ~ - ~ ~ ~ ~ . . 1 -
wt% Nd symbol group

........
20 I
.40 . -.- 50 60
____
70
.
80
7 .
90
. .
100
TI 1Yr1ehI P r r c r n t Neodymium Nd

S. Delfino, A. Saccone, A. Palenzona, and R. Ferro, unpublished

Composition, Pearson Space
wt% TI symbol group

d2
hP4
cP4
cF4
hP6
1132
cP2
(or c12)
tP2
oC32
cP4
el2
hP2
(a) A 84-cF4 order-disorder transformation in this phase has been suggested. (b) Cublc structure
presumed to be room- and higher-temperature phases. (c) Tetragonal structure presumed to be lower-tem-
perature phase

Nd-Zn J.T. Mason and P. Chiotti, 1972

Atonllc Percent Z I ~ C
OfC ?: 3? 40 50 60
,L,J-Tc--------c------T.c--------c------T.L
70 80
. . . . . . . . 100
gj0 Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt % Zn symbol group
I
I
1mTm
P63lmmc
~m3m
Imma
Pnma
Immm
P63mc
141/amd
P63/mmc
R3m
NdZn, , 14 llamd
"NdZnIzn ...
(Zn) P63/mmc
Other reported phase
NdZns P6lmmm
20312/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Ni-0 J.P. Neumann, T. Zhong, and Y.A. Chang, 1991

A t o r n ~ cP e r c e n t Oxygen
Composition, Pearson Space
..................................................
50
- Phase wt% 0 symbol group

(Ni) o to 0.01 cF4 ~mSm

NiO(HT) or P 21.4 cF8 FmTm
NiO(LT) 21.4 rP2(a) ...
Ni304 27 ... ...
Ni203 29 ... ...
Ni02 35.3 ... ...
(a) The rP2 designation for NiO(LT) is an alternative to hR2.

13W1
0
- ............................................
5 I0 I5 20
Ni Weight Percent Oxygen

Ni-rich region of the N i - 0 phase diagram

Atomic P e r c e n t Oxveen

0 05 1 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 5
NI W e ~ g h tP e r c e n t Oxygen

Ni-0s P. Nash, 1991

Atomlc P e r c e n t Osmlum
30 40 50 60 70 60 90 Composition, Pearson Space
3400 Phase wt% 0 s symbol group

0 to 30 cF4 Fmm
64.4 to 100 hP2 Pbslmmc

Ni W e ~ g h tP e r c e n t Osmium 0s
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams/2*313

K.J. Lee and P. Nash, 1991

Composilion, Pearson Space
wt% P symbol group

Nil 22P ...

Nip Pcba
Nip2 C2/c
Nip, Im3
P (red) ...
High-pressure phase
Nip2
Metastable phases
"NiSPZn
a

a2
a3
"aNi3P
"PNi,P
"yNi,P"
a (amorphous)
P (amorphous)
(a) Might be hP336. (b) Liquid-ilke. (c) Molecular cluster

Ni-Pb P. Nash, 1991

At ornlc Percent Lead
Composition, Pearson Space
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
---7----T--2 ........ ,..-
, - . ' , ' 4- L . L ~ wt% ~h symbol group

(Ni) 0 to -4.1 cF4 Fmf m

(Ph) 99.9 to 100 cF4 Fmfm
Metastable phase
NiPb 77.9 hP4 P6dmmc

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 IW
\I I W e l ~ h t Percent Lead Pb
20314/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Ni-Pd A. Nash and P. Nash, 1991

A t o r n ~ cPercent Palladlurn
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase w t % Pd symbol .erw

-200
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1W
Ni Weight Percent P a l l a d i u m Pd

Ni-Pr Y.Y. Pan and P. Nash, 1991

A t o r n ~ cP e r c e n t N ~ c k e l
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% N i symbol group

P63/mmc
1mTm
Pnma
P6jmc
Cmcm
F<T~
R3m
Pb3(rnmc
R3m
P61m-m
Fm3m
-

Pr Weight Percent

Ni-Pt P. Nash and M.F. Singleton, 1991

Atornlc Percent P l a t ~ n u r n
0 70 80 'I11 Composition, Pearson Space
+----" ..,. 101 20 30 40 50 M
..+J--.L.
Phase wt% ~t symbol group

(Ni,Pt) 0 to 100 cF4 F ~ T ~

Ni3Pt -53 cP4 pm3m
NiPt -76.9 tP4 P41mmm
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrarns/2*315

Ni-Pu D.E. Peterson, 1991

\lorncc P P I ( I . ~ ~
lillckel
so eo ,O an Composition, Pearson Space
0 10 20 111
A
10
. 1 , 8 ,.... ,,..-. YO
Phase wt% Ni symbol group

0 to 1.1 el2 Im3m

I4/mmm
Fm3m
Fddd
C2/m
P21/m
Cmcm
~ 4 m
R3m
C2lm
P6/mmm
Ph3/rnmc
Fmm

ckel

Pu-rich region of the Pu-Ni phase diagram

Pu Weight P e r c e n t Nickel

Ni-Re

0
f---- -
10
Atomic P e r c e n t Rhenium
20 30 10 50 60 70
A--7-*--+--L7
80 90

aa'c
Phiw

(Ni)
(Re)
Composition,
w t % Re

0 to 40.1
94 to 100
Pearson
symbol

cF4
hP 2
H. Okamoto, 1992
Space
group

Fmjm
P6dmmc

0 10 20 30
-.----
40 50 GO 70
N1 Wcight P e r c e n t K h e n ~ u r n Re
2.31 6/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Ni-Rh A. Nash and P. Nash, 1991

A t o m l c Percent R h o d l u m
I Composition, Pearson Space
22W
Phase wt% Rh symbol group

(Ni,Rh) 0 to 100 cF4 F ~ S ~

_____------
___--- --__---__--
(Ni) + (Rh) *-.
-200
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1W
Ni Weight P e r c e n t R h o d i u m Rh

Ni-Ru P. Nash, 1991

Atomic Percent R u t h e n i u m
0 I Composition, Pearson Space
P 4 W 20 30
p 40 - 50 60, 70 801 90 Phase wt% Ru symbol group

(NO o to -47.6 C F ~ F ~ S ~
(Ru) -63 to 100 hP2 P6glmmc
Metastable phase
'l ? t** ...

Ni Weight P e r c e n t R u t h e n i u m

Ni-S M. Singleton, P. Nash, and K.J. Lee, 1991

A t o m ~ c Percent S u l f u r
Space
o 10 20 30 40
. , . - . ,A- -J.
50 60 70 80 90
..
100
phase
Composition,
wt% s
Pearson
symbol group

(Ni) 0 ct.4 F ~ S ~
pl(Ni3Sd 27 hR5 R32
PI(N~~SZ) 24.1 to -28 (a) ...
Pz(NG3) 28 to 30 ... ...
?'(Ni7%) 31.9 (a) ...
*/(Ni7S6) 31.9 .. ...
&(NiS) 35.3 to 35.8 hR6 R5m
G(NiS) 35.1 to 37.7 hP4 P63lmmc
UNi3S4) 42.1 cF56 Fd3m
rl(NiSd 52.3 cPL2 Pa3
(s) 100 oF128 Fddd
4p;fz-P (a) Hexagonal

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
NI Welght P e r c e n t S u l f u r 3'
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams/2e317

Ni-Sb G.H. Cha, S.Y. Lee, and P. Nash, 1991

A t o r n ~ cP e r c e n t A n t ~ r n o n y
Composition, Pearson Space
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
ha wt% Sb symbol group

(Ni) 0 t o 17.0 cF4 Fmm

Ni15Sb 12.2 ... ...
Ni3Sb 39.2 t o 41 oP8 Pmmm
Ni5Sb2 41.1 to45.6 mC28 ...
Ni7Sb3 45 tc* ...
NiSb 61.0 to 69.2 hP4 P63/mmc
NiSb2 80.2 to 80.5 oP6 Pnnm
(Sb) -100 hR 2 R3m

NI Weight P e r c e n t A n t i m o n y

Ni-Sc P. Nash and Y.Y. Pan, 1991

Composition, Pearson Space
.90. . . . . . . . Phase wt% Sc symbol group

I
1541eC
(Ni) -0 cF4 ~mSm
Ni,Sc(HT) 13.3 hP6 P6lmmm
(PC) NiSSc(LT) 13.3 ... ...
Ni,Sc, 17.9 hP36 P631mmc
1337.C
Ni2Sc 26 to 29 cF24 Fdlm
NiSc 43.4 cP2 Pm3m
NiSc, 60.5 cF96 Fd3m
(psc) 100 c12 Im3m
(aSc) 100 hP2 P63lmmc

Ni-Se S.Y. Lee and P. Nash, 1991

A t o m ~ cP e r c e n t S e l e n ~ u r n
0 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Se symbol group

(Nil -0 cF4 ~m?m

PNi3*,Se2 45.9 to 49.8 c** ...
aNizSe2 47 hR5 R32
Ni6Se5 52.9 oP88 Pea2
t oC48 Cmcm
Nil,Se 57.8 to 63.8 hP4 P63/mmc
NiSe, 72.9 cP12 Pa3
We) -100 hP2 P3121
Metastable phase
a'Ni3Sez 47 tl* ...

0 10 20 30 10 50 60 70 60 90 100

NI Weight P e r c e n t Seleriiurri Se
 20318/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Ni-Si P. Nash and A. Nash, 1991

Atomic P e r c e n t Sllicon
40 50 80 70 Composition, Pearson Space
Phsse wt% Si symbol group

(Nil 0 to 8.2 cF4 Fm2m

PI W S i ) 12.4 to 13.4 C P ~ ~m3m
P3 (NijSi) -13.4 to 14.1 d l 6 ...
Pz (NbSi) -13.4 10 14.1 mC16 ...
Y (Ni31Si12) 15.6 h ~ 1 4 ...
8 (Ni2Si) 19.4 to 25 hP6 ...
6 (NizSi) 19.3 of12 ...
E (Ni3Si2) 23 to 25 oP8O ...
Nisi 32.4 oP8 Pntna
PNiSiz 48.9 > ...
aNiSi2 48.9 cF12 F ~ T ~
(si) -100 cF8 Fdh

Y.Y. Pan and P. Nash, 1991

- -
-

Composition, Pearson Space

Pha3s wt% Ni symbol group

(ySn-4 0 c12 ImTm

(psm) 0 hP2 P63lmmc
o h~ 3 R T ~
SqNi 11.5 of16 Pnma
SmNi 28.1 oC8 Cmcm
SmNiz 43.9 cF24 ~dTm
SmNi3 53.9 hR24 RTm
m soo
Sm2Ni7 57.8 hP36(a) P6gLmmc
hR54(b) R3m
a Sm5Ni19 59.8 (c) P3mll
I-
SmNiS 66.1 hP6 P6lmmm
SmzNi17 76.9 hP38 P63Immm
(Ni) 100 cF4 ~mTm
(a) High-temperature form. (b) Low-temperature form. (c) Trigonal

Sm

Ni-Sn P. Nash and A. Nash, 1991

A t o m i c Percent T m
0 Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Sn symbol group

(Ni) 0 to 19.3 cF4 FmTm

Ni3Sn(HT) 37.9 to 43.0 (a) ...
Ni3Sn(LT) 39 to 41.7 hP8 P631mmc
Ni3Snz(HT) 54.8 to 57.9 (a) ...
(b)
Ni3Snz(LT) 55.9 to 59.9 hP4
Ni3Sn4 71.6 to 7 3 mC14
(PSn) -100 114
Metastable phase

(a) Hexagonal. (b) Orthorhombic

0 10 20 30 10 50
eight Percent Tin Sn
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrarns/2*319

Ni-Ta A. Nash and P. Nash, 1991

A t o r n c c Percent T a n t a l u n l
5 10 80 30 40 50 60 70 80 Composition, Pearson Space
3200 .--7 Phaw wt% Ta symbol group

(Ni) 0 to 33 cF4 ~mTm

NiaTa 27.8 t136 ...
Ni3Ta(12)S 47.2 to 55.1 mP48 P21/m
NizTa 59.7 to 62 t16 14lmmm
NiTa 75.5 to 78 hR13 ~ 3 m
NiTa2 86.1 to 88 tI12 14I~cm
(Ta) 92.5 to 100 ~ 1 2 Im3m
Metastable phases
i 45 ... ...
Ni3Ta(2)S 51 mP8 Pmmm
Ni3Ta(3)S 51 t18 14lmmm
Note: Number in parentheses indicates stacking period; S identifies the orthogonal layer type.

li We~ght Percent Tantalum Ta

Ni-Te S.Y. Lee and P. Nash, 1991

Hi1 'I1 110
Compos~t~on, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Te symbol group

(Nl) -0 cF4 Fmm

PI 55 9 to 62 4 cF*
P2 58 0 to 59 7 m**
59 7 to 60 1 o* *
60 0 to 60 4 t* *
8'1 56 5 to 58

Ni-Ti 1.1. Murray, 1991

Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% N i symbol group

(PTi)
(aTi)
w(a)
Ti2Ni
TiNi'(a)
TiNi
","TiNi3(a)
TiNi3
y'TiNi,(a)
(Ni)
(a) Metastable
20320/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Ni-U D.E. Peterson, 1991

Atomic Percent Nickel
Composition, Penrson Space
Phase wt% Ni symbol group

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
U Welght Percent Nlckel N1

Ni-V J.F. Smith, O.N. Carlson, and P. Nash, 1991

Atornlc Percent Vanadium Composition, Pearson Space
0 LO 20 30 40 50 80 70 80 90 100
2000j ~hme wt% v symbol group

H. Okamoto, 1991
Percent Tungsten
Composition, Penrson Space
~hme wt% w symbol group

(Ni) o to 39.9 cF4 ~ m m

Ni4W -44 tl 10 14/m
,/' NiW -75.8 o** ...
,/'
NiWz 86.3 tI96 I4
,/' (W) 99.9 to 100 c12 Im3m
./

Ni Weight Percent Tungsten W

 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams/2*321

P. Nash, 1991
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Y symbol group

(Ni) FmSm
Ni17Y2 P63/mmc
NiSY P6/mmm
Ni4Y ...
Ni,Y, ~ ? m
Ni3Y P63/mmc
R3m
Ni,Y Fd?m
NiY Pnma
Ni,Y3 P4,2,2
NiY, Pnma
(PY) FmSm
(aY) Pbdmmc

Ni-Yb P. Nash, 1991

Atornlc P e r c e n t Ytterblurn
0 20 30 10 50 60 70 80 90 I
Composition, Pearson Space
1500 .--- wt% Yb symbol group

~mTm
P63/mmc
P6/mmm
Rs"
Fd3m
Pnma
Im3m
~mTm
Pbdmrnc

Welght P e r c e n t Ytterbium Yb

Ni-Zn P. Nash and Y.Y. Pan, 1991

Atonllc P e r c e n t Zlnc
0 10 LO 30 40 50 GO 70 80 90 1 Composition, Pearson Space
,coo* ; --+ ,.l-..- ~ - , , C C . - - + - . Phase wt% Zn symbol group

(a) M ~ g h thave orthorhombic structure

2*322/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Ni-Zr P. Nash and C.S. Jayanth, 1991

A t o m ~ cPercent Zirconium
Composition, Pearson
Phase wt% Zr symbol
1600 (Nil o to 2.74 FmTm
Ni,Zr 21.32 to 25.95 F43m
Ni7Zr2 30.75 C2lm
16W Ni,Zr 33.5 to 35.3 P631mmc
Ni2,Zr8 37.2 ...
Nii&r7 52.0 to 54.52 C2ca(b)
Pbca(c)
14fm
Cmcm
14/m_cm
Im3m
P631mmc
(a) Triclinic. (b) Stoichiornetric. (c) Zr-rich

Np-PU R.I. Sheldon and D.E. Peterson, 1985

Atomic Percent Plutonium
Composition, Pearson Space
700 Phase wt% Pu symbol group

0 to 100 c12 Im3m

0 to 10.3 tP4 P4Z12
0 to 19.5 of8 Pnma
52 to 97.1 (a) ...
97.7 to 100 t12 I4fmmm
98.3 to 100 cF4 FmTm
98.3 to 100 oF8 Fddd
15.4 to 100 mC3.1 C21m
4.1 to 100 mP16 f'2i/m
(a) Orthorhornbic (tentative)

0 5 . 0
0 10 ZO 30 40 Yl 80 70 80 90 100
NP Weight Percent Plutonium Pu

Np-U R.I. Sheldon and D.E. Peterson, 1985

Atomic Percent Uranium
0 10 20 30 40 Yl @U 70 80 W 100 Composition, Pearson Space
I Z M ~
Phase wt% U symbol group

(YNP~YU) 0 to 100 c12 Im3m

(PNP) 0 to 26 tP4 P4212
(~NP) 0 to 20 oP8 Pnma
S 23 to 69 cP58(a) ...
($u) 7 4 to 100 tP30 P42lmmm
(au) 57 to 100 0c4 Cmcm
(a) Tentative

0 10 20 30 40 SO 80 70 80 90 IW
NP Weight Percent Uranium U
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagramsl2.323

O-Pb (condensed system, 0.1 MPa) H.A. Wriedt, 1988

ALonnc Pct.ccnl O x ? geri
10 20 50 60 Composition, Pearson Space
1200+
0
-L--+T..-.I
30 40
1 .--*- -.-..-+ .-...........-... r-.-70L Phase wtk 0 symbol woup
i 1 I. P = 0.1 MPa 1 Stable (0.1 MPa)
(Pb) Fmm
PbO-M PbmA
PbO-L P4/nmm
Pb,04-T P4Ambc
Pb,04-R Pbam
Pb12017 Pmc2,?
Pb12019 PC? or P 2 , / c
PbO*-I P42/mnm
Other

Pb Meight P e r c e n t Oxygen
Inset shows equilibrium phase fields under identical hydrostatic and partial 0 2 gas
pressures

P.R. Subramanian, 1990

A t o r n ~ cP e r c e n t Oxygen
60 61 Composition, Pearson Space
12oo+. . . . I. . ., .
62
. I .. 7
63
,! , ,
64
, ,
65
. / . , . ,
66
. .'. . , , . 67.' .
, Phase wtk 0 symbol group

(PW 0
(apr) 0
Pr2OdHT) -15
Pr2OdLT) -15
o(a) -16.0
Pr70~2 -16.3
P r 9 0 16 -17
P~@Y -17.0
Pr1iOzo -17.1
Pr6011 -17.2
PrO2fa) -18.5
High-pressure phase
PrO(b) 10.2 cF* ...
(a) Reported to be a htgh-temperature phase; stable above -920 "C. (b) Obtained by reduction of Pr20,
by Pr at 800 OC and 5 0 kbar

";K;
Wetght P e r c e n t Oxygen

O-Pu (condensed system) H.A. Wriedt, 1990

Atorntc P e r c e n t Oxveen
Composition, Pearson Space
wtk 0 svmbol erouu

P21/m
C2lm
Fddd
FmSm
I4Immm
Im3m
P?? 1
la?
la3
Fm?m

(a) The lower limit at 1100 T might be 58.8 at.% 0. (b) Possibly unconnected ranges of the same phase.
(c) At 0.1 MPa 0, oressure

Pu Wctght P e r c e n t Oxygen

... --..- -- ~
20324/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

From [Hansenl
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase ~ 1 %o symbol group

(Wn) 0 t14 1411amd

(aSn) 0 cF8 Fd3m
SnO(?) 11.9 tP4 P4lnmm
Sn304 15.2 a* * ...
Sn0z 21.3 tP6 P4zlmnm

Sn W e ~ g h tP e r c e n t Oxygen

1.1. Murray and H.A. Wriedt, 1987

A t o r n ~ c P?t.cent O x y g e n
20 30 40 50 60 70 Composition, Pearson Space
,--.
+
+ L
T -. . . . . . .+-. -
---
T -
Phsse wt% 0 symbol erou~

@Ti) Im3m
(aTi) P631mmc
Ti30 P31c
Ti20 PTm 1
yrio Fm3m
Ti30Z P6lmmrn
PTiO ...
aTi0 A2lm or B*l*
PTi 1,O 1222
aTil,O 14lm
PTi203 R3c
aTiz03 R3c
PTi305 ...
aTi,O, C2Im
a1Ti305 cc
flbO7 Pi
PTi407 pi
aTi407 Pi
TI Weight P r r c e n t O x y g e n
fli509 Pi
PTkO 11 Ai
Ti7013 PI
Ti8015 '"1
Ti9017 P1
Rutile P4dmnm
Metastable phases
Anatase Mllamd
Brookite Pbca
High-pressure phases
Ti02-I1 Pbcn
TiOz-I11 ...
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams120325

0-v H.A. Wriedt, 1989

Atomic P e r c e n t O x y g e n
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Composition, Pear son Space
Phase wt% 0 svmbol crow
1mSm
...
I4lmmm
14/mmm
C2/m
Fm3m
141/amd
R%
120
12/c
P2/c
Pi
pi
PT
PT
pi
P42/mnm
P21/c
C2lm
V W e i g h t P e r c e n t Oxygen P2 1/a
C2/c
Pmnm

...
...
P21/c
14 1 /a
PI
...
C2/m
P4~/mnrn
P2/m
C2/m
Pbnm
...
C2/m
Pnma
...
...
(a) At V @ (b) At V4O. (c) At V 1 6 0 j . (d) At V,03. (e) Above TI,. ( 0 Below transformation
temperature.T,,. (g) 2 atoms V l u n ~ cell.
t (h) Also called VO?(B)

H.A. Wriedt, 1989

Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% 0 symbol crow

Im7m
P21Ic
P2/m
0 - W (condensed system, 0.1 MPa)
...
A l o m i c P Cr i e l , [ O x v ~ e n P2/m
...
P2/c
P2lm
...
...
...
...
PC
Pi
P21/n
Pmnb
P4lnmn
P4/nmm
P4/nmm(?)

PmSn
P2
P6/mmm(?)
484'C ...
, ...... / 1 . . ..... , - . . . . . . . , . .-1 . . . . (a) Member W.03,_~ senes. (b) Identified as W02,96(a). (c) Probable member W,O,,-I series, called
19 10 5 20 20 !,
WO? 4 8 ) . (dl Often described as a slightly d~stortedReO, (DOq).(e) Hexagonal. ( 0 cub^
Wright P e r c e n t Oxygen
2*326/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

0.N. Carlson, 1990

A t o m ~ cP e r c e n t Oxygen
0 20 30 50 Composition, Pearson Space
. . . 10! . . , , , , , , , , I . . , . . 40
8 ,
60
Phase wt% 0 symbol group

(BY) o to 7.3 c12 Imb

(ay) 0 to 2.9 hP2 P6glmmc
aY203, 20.8 to 2 1 c180 Ia?
PY203, -2 1 hp(?) Am1
"IYz03(a) -21 mC(?) C2lm
(a) High-pressure phase

W e ~ g h tP e r c e n t Oxygen

J.P. Abriata, R. Versaci, and J. Garc&, 1986

A t o r n ~ r PCI.CCII~
OXV~RII
Composition, Pearaon Space
Phase wt% 0 symbol group
P = 1 atm
(azr) 0 to 8.6 hP2 P63/mmc
0 to 2.0 cI? ImTm
1/ZrO2, 22 to 25.9 cF12 Fmb
P302, 25.8 to 25.9 tP6 P4dnmc
aZrOz, 25.9 mP12 P211c

Zr W e ~ g h t Percent Oxyger~

H. Okamoto, 1990
Atomic P e r c e n t P l a t i n u m
Composition, Pearson Space
3500 Phase wt% Pt symbol group

(0s) 0 to - 1 1 hP2 P63l~mc

(Pt) 7 5 to 100 cF2 Fm3m
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams120327

Os-Pu S.T. Konobeevskv.

,, 1955
A I o r n ~ c Prrcpirt O s r n l u r n
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% 0 s symbol group

1400 0 to -5 ~12 ImSm

0 to -0.4 t12 14lmmm
0 to -0.4 cF4 F ~ S ~
-0 oF8 Fddd
- -

(PPu) C2/m
(aPu) P2dm
Ppul9os Pnna
aPulpOs Cmca
PPu3Os
aPulOs
Pu50s,
PuOs,
O t h e r reported phase
PuOs2

Pu W e ~ g h tP e r c e n t Osmlum

Os-Re M.A. Tylkina, V.P. Polyakova, and E.M. Savitskii, 1962

Atomlc Percent R h e n l u m
Composition, Pearson Space
3m
Phase wt% Re symbol group

(Os,Re) 0 to 100 hP2 P6dmmc

3WO

0s Weight P e r c e n t R h e n i u m Re

Os-Rh H. Okamoto. 1990

Atomic Percent Rhodlum
3500 Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Rh symbol group

1 (0s) 0 to -19 hP2 P63/mmc

(Rh) -31 to 100 cF2 Fm3m

1000

0s W e ~ g h tP e r c e n t R h o d l u m Rh
203281Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

0s-Ru M.A. Tylkina, V.P. Polyakova, and E.M. Savitskii, 1962

Atomic Percent Ruthenium
Composition, Pear son Space
Phase wt% R u symbol group

(0s.R~) 0 to 100 hP2 P6slmmc

aM
0 10 20 30 40 SO BO 70 80 90 100
0s Weight Percent Ruthenium Ru

H. Okamoto, 1990
Composition, Pearson Space
phase wt% Si symho~ group

(0s) 0 hP 2 P63lmmc
OsSi 12.9 cP8 P213
0s2Si3 18 0P40 Pbcn
OsSiz 22.8 oC48 Cm~a
(si) 100 cF8 Fd3m
Metastable phase
0sSiz.m 22.8 mC12 C2/m

0s-Ti J.L. Murray, 1990

Atomic Percent Osmium Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% 0 s symbol group

3000 0 to 54 d2 Im3m
2800 (aTi) 0 to 4 hP2 P63/mmc
TiOs -71 to -80 cP2 Pmsm
2600 ) I
(0s) -94 to 100 W2 P6slmmc
2400
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams/2*329

From [Shunkl
Composition, Pearson Space
Pbaw wt% U symbol group

(0s) 0 to <1.2 hP2 P63lmmc

0s2U -37.6 to 39 cF24 FdTm
os4U5 -61.0 ... ...
OsU2 -71.5 m'12 ...
osu3 79 ... ...
(Yu) 85 to 100 c12 1m3m
( w ) >97 to 100 tP30 P42/mnm
(aU) >99 to 100 oC4 cmcm

0s-v J.F. Smith, 1989

A t o m ~ cP e r c e n t V a n a d ~ u r n
Composition, Pearson Space
Phaw wt% V symbol group
3000
(0s) 0 to -20 hP2 P63/mmc
OsV -21.1 to 25 cP8 Pm?n
(v) 25 to ? cP2 Pm3m
2500 ? t o 100 d2 1m3m

Y
D
L 2000
+2
m
D
a
E
C
I500

1000

500

0s W e ~ g h tP e r c e n t V a n a d ~ u r n V

S.V. Nagender Naidu and P. Rama Rao, 1991

Composition, Pearson Space
Phaw wt% W symbol group
42Z.C

(0s) 0 to 53 hP2 P63/mmc

rn -63 to -80 tP30 P42Imnm
(w) -81 to 100 el2 lm3m
2*330/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

H. Okamoto, 1990
A t o m ~ cPercent Zirconium
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1W Composition, Pearson Space
3200 Phase wt% Zr symbol group

0s Weight P e r c e n t Z i r c o n i u m Zr

P-Pd H. Okamoto, unpublished

A t o n i ~ cPercent P a l l a d ~ u m
o 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90100 Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% ~d symbol group
555T

P (white) 0 c** ...

P3Pd 53 c132 ImT
P2Pd 63.2 mC12 C2/c
P3Pd7 88.9 hR20 R5
P2Pd5 89.6 ...
PPd, 91 t o 93.5 oP16 Pnma
PPd4.8 94.3 mP24 P2 I
PPd6 95.4 mP2 8 P21/c
P2Pd1 5 96.3 hR17 R?
(Pd) 100 cF4 Fm3m

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
P Welght P e r c e n t Palladium Pd

P-Pr From [Moffattl

Atornlr P r r c r n t Phosnhorus
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase -96 P symbol group

l'r Wc~gllt P e r c e n t Phosphorus P

 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrarns/2@331

H. Okamoto. 1990
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% P symbol group

(Ru) 0 hP2 P631mmc

RuzP 13.3 oP12 Pnma
RuP 23.5 oP8 Pnma
RuP2 38.0 of6 Pnnm
PRuP4 55 aP15 pi
aRuP4 55 mPlO P21lc

I
1000 (Ru)

SO0 7..

A.C. Vivian, 1920

Composition, Pearson Space
Phw wt% P symbol group

($Sn) 0 114 14llamd

(aSn) o cF8 ~d3m
Sn4P3 16.4 hR7 Rsm
Sn3P4 -25.8 hR7 R*
SnP3 44 hR8 R3m
Metastablelhigh-pressure phases
SnP 20.7 cF8 F~%I
20.7 hP16 F'321
20.7 t14 14mm
Sn7Plo 27.1 h** ...

Sn Welght Percent ~ h o s p h o r u s

1.1. Murray, 1987

Composition, Pearson Space
Phw wt% P symbol erou~

(a) Trigonal. (b) Not shown in diagram

TI Wrieht Percent Phosphorus

2e3321Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

P-Zn J.Dutkiewicz, 1991

A t o m ~ cPercent Phosphorus
1300j, , , ,I?, , , , 7, , , , ,3?,, , , , ,4?, , , , , , ,5?, , , , , , , ,6?,, , , , , , , ,??, , , , , , , , , , ,a? , , ,
Phase
Composition,
w t P~
Pearson
symbol
Space
group

(zn)
~ ~ ~ . . ~ , , , ~ ~ , . , ~ ~ ( .~ , .~ . ,. , .. . . , .. . ,, , , , ., . , , , , . . , , , , . , . , , , , , , , , , .
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Zn Weight Percent Phosphorus

Pb-Pd H. Okamoto, 1990

- -- -
Atomic Percent Palladium
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 SO I Composition, Pearson Space
wt% pd symbol group

Fmk
I4lmcm
Pi

Pb Weight Percent Palladium

Pb-Pr H. Okamoto, 1990

A t o m ~ cPercent Praseodymium
10 80 30 40 50 60 70 80 00 100 Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Pr symbol group

(Pb) 0 cF4 Fmzm

Pb3Pr 19 cP4 Pm3m
PbzPr 25.3 t124 1411amd
Pb4Pr3 33.8 ... ...
P~IOP~II 42.8 tl84 14lmmm
Pb4Pr5 46.0 oP36 Pnma
Pb3Pr5 53.1 hP16 P63In~cm
PbPr3 67 cP4 Pm2m
(PPr) 94.9 to l o o ~ 1 2 Im3m
(apt) 96.8 to 100 hP4 P6slmmc

Praseodymium
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams/2*333

Pb-Pt From [Hansenl

'40 100 Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% ~b symbol group

\Ve~ght Percent Lead

E.M. Foltyn and D.E. Peterson, 1988

Atomic Percent Lead Composition, Pearson Space
50 60 70 80 80 100
Phase wt% ~b symbol group

T- ImJm
I41mmm
~mSm
Fddd
C2lm
P21lm
Pm3m
I4lmcm
P631mcm
P6322
...
1411~md
Pm3m
FmJm

Pb-Rb A.N. Kuznetsov, K.A. Chuntonov, and S.P. Yatsenko, 1977

Atomic Percent Rubldlurn
Composition, Pearson Space
80 90
. I
wt% Rb symbol UP

(Pb)
Pb,Rb
PbzRb
Pb,Rb2
PbSRb4
PbRb
(Rb)
20334/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Pb-Rh H. Okamoto, 1990

A t o m ~ cPercent R h o d ~ u m
Composition, Pearson Space
2000 C 1883T Phase wt% Rh symbol group

(Pb) cF4 FmJm

PblRh ... ...
PbzRh t112 I4lmcm
PbsRh, oFl2 Fmmm
PbRh hF'6 P6lmmm
Pb2Rh3 hP4 P63l~mc
(Rh) cF4 Fm3m

J.-C. Lin, R.C Sharma, and Y.A. Chang, 1986

Atomic Percent Sulfur
Composition, Pearson Space
0 2030 40 50 60 70 80 90 95 100
I Z O O ~ ' ,
, , Phme wt% S symbol group

cF4 Fm3m
cFX Fm3m
oP8 Pnm
mP* P21lc
oF128 Fddd
(a) High-pressure phase

Pb-Sb S. Ashtakala, A.D. Pelton, and C.W. Bale, 1981

A t o m ~ cPercent A n t ~ m o n y
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Composition, Pearson Space
700 Phme wt% Sb symbol group

(pb) 0 to 3.5 cF4 F~J,

(Sb) ? t o 100 hR2 R3m

Pb Weight Percent Antimony Sb

 Binary Alloy Phase Diagramsl2.335

Pb-Se J.-C. Lin, R.C. Sharma, and Y.A. Chang, unpublished

Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% S e symbol group
- -

(Pb) -0 cF4 F ~ S ~
PbSe 27.6 cF8 FmTm
PbSe(HP) 27.6 of87 Pnma
(Se) -100 hP3 P3121

Welght P e r c e n t Selenlum

Pb-Sn I. Karakaya and W.T. Thompson, 1988

Atornlc P e r c e n t Tln
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Sn symbol group

(Pb) 0 to 18.3 cF4 ~mSm

($Sn) 97.8 to 100 114 14llamd
(aSn) 100 cF8 FdTm
High-pressure phases
€(a) 52 to 7 4 hP 1 P6lmmm
~'(b) 52 hP2 P6stmc
(a) From phase diagram calculated at 2500 MPa. (b) This phase was clalrned for alloys at 350 "C and 5500
MPa.

0 10 20 30 10 50 60
.-. 70 . I

80 90 100
Pb Welght P e r c e n t Tln Sn

Pb-Sr C. Bruzzone, E. Franceschi, and F. Merlo, 1981

Atomic P e r c e n l S t r o n l ~ u m
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% S r symbol group

(pb) 0 cF4 ~m3m

Pb3Sr 12 rP4 P4Immm
Pb~Sr3 20.2 r** ...
Pb3Sr2 22 1** ...
PbSr 29.7 oC8 Cmcm
Pb4SrS 34.6 of36 Pnma
PW~S 41.3 1132 141mcm
PbSr, 45.9 of12 Pn-ma
(PW 100 ~12 1m3m
(aW 100 cF4 ~mSm
2*336/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Pb-Te 1.-C. Lin, K.C. Hsieh, R.C. Sharma, and Y.A. Chang, 1989
Atomlc Percent Tellurlurn Composition, Pearson Space
0 10 20 30 40 50 80 70 80 SO 100
1000 I , ' , ', ', ' , Phaw wt% Te symbol group

(Pb) 0 cF4 Fm2m

so0 PbTe 38.1 cF8 Fm3m
PbTe(HP) 38.1 of8 Pnma
800 (Te) loo hP3 P3121

? 700
w
3
4
m BOO
w
a
5
C
500

400

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 00 SO 100
Pb Welght P e r c e n t Tellurium Te

Pb-TI From [Hultgren,Bl

Atornlc Percent Thalllum Composition, Pearson Space
0 10 20 30 10 50 60 70 80 90 100
4 w m haw wt% TI symbol group

(Pb) 0 to 88 CF4 ~mJm

(PTO 92.7 to 100 c12 Im3m
96 to 100 hP 2 P63lmmc

IW
Pb Weight Percent Thallium TI

Pb-Y O.N. Carlson, F.A. Schmidt, and D.E. Diesburg, 1967

A t o m l c Percent Lead
0 LO 20 30 40 JO 60 70 80 90 100
Composition, Pearson Space
haw wt% ~b symbol group

0 to 5.6 cI2 Im3m

0 to 5.6 hP2 P63/mmc
-58.3 hP16 P63Imcm
65.1 oP6 Pnma
82.3 oC12 C s m
87.5 cP4 Pmm
100 c1'4 Fm3m

Y Weight Percent Lead Pb

 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams/2.337

Pb-Yb A. Palenzona and S. Cirafici, 1991

Atornlc Perrpnt Ytterblurn
Composition, Pearson Space
ha^ w1% ~b symbol mow

(Pb) -0 cF4 Fmm

Pb3Yb 22 cP4 Pmm
PbYb 45 5 tP4(a) P4lmmm(a)
Pb,Yb, 58 2 hP16 P63Imcm
PbYb, 62 6 oP12 Pnma
(YY~) -100 c12 1m3m
818~ (PYb) -100 cF4 ~ m j m
785T
(aYb) -100 hP2 P63lmmc
(a) Low-temperature modification

Pb W e ~ g h tP e r c e n t Y t t e

From [Hansen]
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Pb symbol group

(Zn) 0 hP2 P63lmmc

(Pb) 100 cF4 Fm3m

Pd-Pt H. Okamoto, 1991

A t o r n ~ cP e r c e n t P l a t ~ n u r n
30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1 Composition, Pearson Space
Phme wt% Pt symbol group

I800 L 78WT
(Pd,Pt) 0 to 100 cF4 Fm?m
20338/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Pd-Pu V.I. Kutaitsev, N.T. Chebotarev, I.G. Lebedev, M.A. Andrianov,

, \ t o r n ~ rP ~ r c ~ n
P at l l a d l u m V.N. Konev. and T.S. Menshikova. 1967
0 10 20 30 10 50 60 70 80 90 100
1600 T.L /.--+
1aaa0c Composition, Pearson Space
~hsse wt% ~d symbol group
1400
(@u) 0 to 0.7 cl2 Imsm
(6'Pu) 0 I12 141mmm
1200
(@u) 0 cF4 ~msm
(Ypu) 0 oF8 Fddd
P I000
(PPu) 0 mC34 C21m
*a
e,
(aPu) 0 m~16 P21lm
d
a 800 Pu5Pd4 25.8 ... ...
n
w PuPd -30 to 30.4 OP8 Pnmo
600
Pu,Pd, 35.3 ... ...
PuPd, -52.2 to 61.4 cP4 Pmm
(Pd) -73 to 100 cF4 Fm3m
400

ZOO

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 80
Pu W e ~ g h lP e r c e n t Palladium Pd

Pd-Rh H. Okamoto, 1990

Atornlc Percent R h o d u r n
0 11' 20 30 40 50 80 70 80 90 1W
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Rh symbol group

Ih)
Pd Weight Percent Rhodium Rh

Pd-Ru H. Okamoto, 1990

Atomic Percent Ruthenium
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Composition, Penrson Space
Phnre wt% Ru symbol group
134.C
(Pd) 0 to -16.5 cF4 Fmsm
(Ru) -82 to 100 hP2 P6slmmc
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams/2.339

H. Okamoto, 1992
Atomlc Percent Sulfur
10 20 30 40 50 60 Composition, Pearson Space
-~--.+. .-.-h-r,
--c--7--c--7.-q+. __+ Phase wt% S symbol group

(Pd) 0 cF4 Fmm

Pd4S 7 {PI0 ~ 7 2c ,
Pd3S 9 uC16 Ama2
Pd~7S7 11.6 cP64 Pm3m
PdS 23.2 tP16 P42/m
PdSz 37.6 up12 Pbco

Pd Welght P e r c e n t S u l f u r

Pd-Sb H. Okamoto. 1992

R t o r n ~ cP e r c e n t Ant~rnonv
Composition, Pearson Space
1600
Phase wt% Sb symbol group
1555'I
1500
(Pd) 0 t o 18.7 cF4 Fmsm
Pd,Sb 27.6 t o 29.7 cF16 Fd3m
1400
PdzoSb7 28.6 hR27 R3
I Pd8Sb3 30.3 hR44 R ~ c
1300
PdSSb2 30.5 to 31.1 hP84 P63/mmc
y 1200 Pd,Sb 36.4 oC24 Cmc2
0 Pd5Sb3 37.4 to 41.7 hP4 P6jlmmc
3 1100 PdSb 53.4 t o 44.2 hP4 P6glmmc
4
m PdSbz 69.6 cP12 P53
1000
(Sb) 100 hR2 R3m
g 900

800

700

83
600

50C
30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Pd W c ~ g l i t P e r c e n t Antlrnony Sb

Pd-Se H. Okamoto, 1992

Composition, Pearson
wt% Se symbol
20340/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Pd-Si H.C. Baxi and T.B. Massalski, 1991

Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Si symbol group

(Pd) 0 cF4 ~ m z m
PdSSi 5.02 mP24 p2 I
Pd9Si2 5.54 oP44 Pnma
Pd3Si 8.1 of16 Pnma
PdzSi 11.5 to 12.1 hP9 ~62m
Pd2Si'(a) 11.7 to 12.1 (b) ...
PdSi(c) 20.9 OP8 Pnma
(Si) 100 CF 8 ~ d 3 ~
(a) Below 1090 "C. (b) Hexagonal superstructurebased on the Pd2Si unit cell. (c) From 972 to 612 *C

Pd Welght P e r c e n t S l l ~ e o n

Pd-Sm H. Okamoto, 1990

Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Sm symbol group

(Pd) 0 to 14 cF4 Fm3m

PdlSm 16.8 c** ...
PdSSm 22.1 0*72 ...
Pd3Sm 29.1 to 32 cP4 Prnm
Pdz~Sm~o 40.3 mC 124 C2/m
Pd4Sml 51.5 hR14 R3
PPdSm 58.6 ... ...
aPdSm 58.6 oC8 Cmcm
Pd2Sm3 68 ... ...
Pd2Sml 77 hP2O P6pc
Wm) 100 ,212 Im3m
(PSm) 100 hP2 P63/mmc
(aSm) loo hi? 3 ~ 3 m

Pd Welght P e r c e n t S a m a r l u m Sm

Pd-Sn H. Okamoto, 1990

Atornlc P e r c e n t Tln
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Sn symbol group

(Pd) Fmm
Pd3Sn Pm3m
Pd2Sn Pnma
Y P63lmmc
Pd20Sn1 3 P3,21
PPd3Sn2 ...
aPdlSn2 ...
6 ...
PdSn Pnma
PdSn2 Aha2
PdSn3 Cmca
PdSnl Aha2
(PSn) 1411amd
(asn) ~d3m

(continued)
W e ~ g h t P e r c e n t Tin Sn
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams/2-341

Pd-Sn phase diagram from 39 to 45 wt% Sn

A t o m i c P e r c e n t Tin

W e ~ g h t P e r c e n t Tln

Pd-Te H. Okamoto, 1992

A t o r n ~ rP e r c e n t T r l l u r ~ u n i
o 10 so loo Composition, Pearson Space
.,.r --.-, ~
80
-
no
C c
40
c ,.--
c4-7L. c
GO 70 so 90
L ....,., Phase wt% Te symbol group

(Pd) 0 to 13 cF2 F ~ S ~
Pd17Te4 -22 ... ...
Pd3Te 27.8 c12 1mTm
Pd20Te7 30 to 34 hR27 R3
Pd8Te3 30 to 39 o* * ...
Pd7Te3 33 to 34 m** ...
Pd9Te4 39 to 40 mP5 2 P21lc
Pd3Te2 44 oC20 Cmcm
PdTe 54.5 to 59 hP4 P6gmmc
PdTe2 68.5 to 70.6 hP3 P3ml
(Te) 100 hP 3 P3121
Questionable phases
Pd,Te 23 to 26 cF104 ~43m
Pd3Tez 44 oP45 P2221
449.57-C

0 I0 20 30 10 50 80 711 GO '10 1110

Pd Wclglrl I'rr-writ ' I ' r l l u r l l i r n 'V <,

Pd-Ti 1.1. Murray, 1987

A t o m ~ cP e r c e n t P a l l a d ~ u m
20 30 50 60 70 80 Composition, Pearson Space
l s o o ; ! +408, ----Cc
80
Phaw wt% ~d symbol group
--

@Ti) 0 to 65 c12 ImTm

(aTi) 0 to -2 hP2 P6jlmmc
Ti4Pd 36 cp8 PmSn
Ti2Pd 52.6 116 14/mmm
PTiPd 66 to 7 2 cP2 Pm3m
aTiPd 66 to 7 2 oP4 Pmma
Ti2Pd3 77 oC20 Cmcm
Ti,Pds 78.7 tP8 P4lmmm
TiPd2- 81 to 82 t16 14lmmm
TiPd, 81 to 82 (a) ...
TiPd3 87 hP16 P63lmmc
~(b) 87 to 92 cP4 P4Immm
(Pd) 93 to 100 cF4 F ~ S ~
(a) Orthorhombic distortion of MoSi2. (b) Posslbly an ordered metastable phase. The dot-dash lines show
the observed limits of orderine.
20342/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

H. Okamoto, 1990
Composition, Pearron Space
Phase wt% TI symbol WOUP

W e ~ g h t PrrcerlL T h a l l i u m TI

H. Okamoto, 1992
A t o m ~ cP e r c e n t P a l l a d i u m
o 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Composition, Pearson Space
2000 Phase wt% Pd symbol group

Im3m
P42lmmm
Cmcm
...
...
P63/mmc
Pm3m
...
Fmsm

Pd-V J.F. Smith, 1989

A t o m ~ cP r r c e n t V a n a d ~ u m
Composition, Pearsen Space
Phme wt% V symbol group

(Pd) 0 to 40 cF4 Fmm

Pd3V -14 tI8 I4lmmm
PdzV -19.3 016 Im?
PdV, -59 cP8 Pm3n
(V) -44.4 to 100 cI2 Im3m

Pd W e ~ g h tP e r c e n t V a n a d ~ u r n V
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrarns/2*343

S.V. Nagender Naidu and P. Rama Rao, 1991

A t o r n l r Percent Tungsten
Composition, Pearson Space
phase wt% w symbol group

(Pd) 0 t o 33 cF4 ~~3~

(W) -97 t o 100 c12 IrnG

H. Okarnoto, 1990
Atomic P e r c e n t Y t t r i u m
0 LO 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Y symbol group

O t o 11
10.7
17.7 t o 22
29.4
36
36
38.6
45.5 t o -47
45.5 t o -47
56
67.6
72
100
100

Pd Weight P e r c e n t Y t t n u m Y

Pd-Yb A. landelli and A. Palenzona, 1973

Atarnlc P e r c e n t Y t t e r b i u m
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 80 100 Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Yb symbol group

(Pd) O t o 18 cF4 F ~ T ~
Pd,Yb 30 to 35 cP4 pmTm
Pd2.13Yb 43 ... ...
Pd2Yb 44.8 to 46.1 ... ...
PPdl 63Yb 49 t o 50.4 ... ...
aPd1.63Yb 49 t o 50.4 ... ...
Pd4Yb, 55 hR14 RT
PPdYb 59 t o -61.9 ... ...
aPdYb 60 t o 61.9 cP2 Pmj m
PPdzYb5 -80.2 ... ...
aPd2Yb5 -80.2 ... ...
PdYb, 83 ... ...
Wb) 100 c12 Imm
@Yb) 100 cF4 F ~ T ~

200
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 80 100
Pd Weight P e r c e n t Ytterbium Yb
2*344/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Pd-Zn H. Okamoto, 1990

Atomic Percent Z ~ n c
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Zn symbol group

Pd Weight Percent Z ~ n c Zn

Pr-Sb H. Okamoto, 1990

Atomic Percent Antimony
o 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 80 loo Composition, Pearson Space
phase wt% sb symbol wow

(PPd 0 cI2 Im3m

(aW 0 hP4 P63lmmc
Pr2Sb 30.1 tI12 I4lmmm
Pr5Sb3 34.1 hP16 P63lmcm
Pr4Sb3 39.4 cI28 143d
PPrSb 46.4 ... ...
aPrSb 46.4 cF8 Fm3m
PrSb2 63.4 oC24 Cmca
(Sb) 100 hR2 R3m

30.75CC

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 60 90 100
Pr Weight Percent Antimony Sb

Pr-Se E.I. Yarembach, 1970

Atomic Percent Selemurn
o 10 20 30 10 50 60 70 80 90 100 Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Se symbol group

(PPr) o ~12 1m3m

(aW o h ~ 4 P631mmc
PrSe 35.9 cF8 FmTm
I%% -42.2 to 46 cI28 143d
aPr3Se4 -42.2 to 46 tI28 I4lmcm
Pr4Se7 49.5 tP22 P4lmmm
PrSe~.9 -52.9 tP6 P4lmmm
Pr3Se7 57 .. ...
(Se) 100 hP3 P3121

0 10 20 30 10 50 GO 70 60 DO 100
Pr Wright Prrcent S r l e n l u m Se
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams/2-345

Pr-Si H. Okamoto, 1990

Composition, Pearsan Space
Phase w t % Si symbol group

(PW 0 C I ~ 1m3m
(aPr) 0 hP4 P631mmc
PPr5Si, 10.7 ... ...
w c aPr5Si3 10.7 t132 I4lmcm
Pr5Si, 13.7 tP36 P41212
PrSi 16.6 OP8 Pnma
Pr3Si, 21.0 ... ...
PPrSiz 26.4 t112 141/amd
aPrSiz 26.4 0112 Imma
(Si) 100 cF8 Fdsm

0 -
-
Pr Weight P e r c e n t S ~ l i c o n

Pr-Sn H. Okamoto, 1990

Atomlc P e r c e n t Tm
i800tr-&?e--lr-le -80 d
70 80 .-
~ ~
Phase
Composition,
wt% Sn
Pearson
symbol
Space
group

(PW 0 to -3 c12 ImSm

(aPr) 0 to -1.3 hP4 P6jlmmc
Pr,Sn 22 cP4 Pmm
33.6 hP16 P63/mcm
aPr5Sn3 33.6 tI32 14lmcm
PrSSnd 40.2 oP36 Pnma
PrSn 45.7 ... ...
PPr& 58.4 ... ...
aPr3Sns 58.4 ... ...
PrSn, 72 cP4 Pm7m
@sn) 100 t14 1411amd
(aSn) 100 cF8 Fd3m

Pr W e ~ g h t P e r c e n t Tin Sn

Pr-Te

-- 10 20 30
Atomic Percent T e l l u r ~ u m
40 50 60 70
.2,90.*_ Phase

(BPr)
(apr)
Composition,
wt% Te

0
0
Pearson
symbol

C I ~
hP4
E.I. Yarembach, 1970
Space
group

Im3m
P63lmmc
PrTe 47.5 cF8 Fm7m
bTe4 54.7 to -57 ~128 143d
Pr,Te3 58 ... ...
Pr,Te, -61.3 ... ...
PrTe -63.2 ... ...
Pr3Te, 68 ... ...
Cmcm
2*346/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

S. Delfino, A. Saccone, A. Palenzona, and R. Ferro, unpublished

Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% TI symbol erou~

(a) A cP4-cF4 order-d~sorder transformation in this phase has been suggested. (b) Cubic structure
presumed to be room- and higher-temperature phases. (c) Tetragonal structure presumed to be lower-
temperature phase

70 60 90 100
Pr Weight P e r c e n t T h a l l ~ u m T1

Pr-Zn J.T. Mason and P. Chiotti, 1970

Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Zn symbol group

Im7m
P63lrnmc
Pmm
...
Imma
Pnma
Immm
P63Imc
14@md
R3m
P6glmmc
I4,lamd
P631mmc
(a) r** below 45 K

Pr W e ~ g h t P e r c e n t Zinc Zn

Pt-Rh H. Okarnoto, 1992

Atomic Percent Rhodium Composition, Pearson Space
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Phase w t % ~h symbol group

(Pt,Rh) 0 to 100 cF4 Fm3m

......................

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 60 90 100
Pt Weight P e r c e n t R h o d i u m Rh
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams/2*347

Pt-Si H. Okamoto and L.E. Tanner, 1991

A t o r n ~ cI ' r r c e n t S l l i c o n
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Si symbol group

(Pt) 0 to 0.2 cF4 FmSm

yPt3Si(a) 5 t116 I4/mcm
PPt3Si 5 oPl6 Pnma
aPt3Si 5 mC16 C2/m
PPtl2Si5 5.7 t134 14/m
aptl#, 5.7 tP68 P4/n
PPt2Si 6.7 hP9 P62m
aPt2Si 6.7 116 I4/mmm
Pt6Sis 10.7 mP22 P21/m
PtSi 12.6 oP8 Pnma
Pt2Si3(b) 18 hPlO P6jlmmc
PtdSi9(b) 24.4 ? ?
isi) 100 cF8 ~dym
(a) Impurity stabillzed. (b) Metastable

Pt Wplght P e r c e n t Slllcon S1

Pt-Sn From [Hansenl

Atomlc P e r c e n t Tin Composition, Pearson Space
0 10 20 30 10 50 60 70 80 90 I
Phase wt% Sn symbol group
1900

(Pt) 0 to ? cF4 F ~ I ~
Pt3Sn 17 cP4 Pm3m
PtSn >36 to 37.8 hP4 P63/mmc
Pt2Snz 48 h~10 P63l~mc
PtSnz 54.9 cF12 Fm3m
PtSn4 71 oC20 Aha2
iPW loo 114 I4,larnd
(aSn) loo CF8 FdSm

W e ~ g h t P e r c e n t Tin Sn

Pt-Te H. Okamoto, 1990

A t o r n ~ cP e r c e n t T e l l u r ~ u ~ n
Compos~t~on, Pearson Space
ioo
- Phase wt% Te symbol group

I (PI) 0 to 7 cF4 FmTm

I PtTe
Pt3Te4
39 5
-46 5
mC8
mC14
C2/m
C21m
Pt2Te3 50 mC20 C?/m
1 PtTe, 56 7 hP3 P3ml
(Te) 100 hP 3 P3121
I
20348/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Pt-Ti J.L. Murray, 1987

Alornlc P e r c e n t P l a t ~ n u r n
0 5 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Composition, Pearson Space
2000
Phase wt% Pt symbol grow

Im3m
P63lmmc
Pm3n
Pmma
Pmma
Ibam
P63l~mc
Pm3m

Fm3m

TI W e ~ g h lP e r c e n t P l a t l n u m

Pt-TI H. Okamoto, 1990

A t o m ~ cP e r c e n t T h a l l ~ u r n
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% TI symbol ITOUD

(Pt) 0 to ? cF4 Fmm

Pt3T12 41 hP20 P31c
PtTl 51.2 hP6 P61mmm
PtT1, 67.7 1112 14@m
(P'W 100 c12 Im3m
100 hP2 P6dmmc

Pt Welght P r r c e n t T h a l l ~ u r n TI

Pt- u B.A.S. Ross and D.E. Peterson, 1990

Composition, Pearson Space
1780.0'
l8OC Phpse wtgb U symbol group

Fm?m
160C
F43m
P63/mmc
1400
Ama2
C?m
U Im3m
:
3
I200 P42/mnm
d
m
Cmcm
m (a) Distorted structure
a 1000
5
C

800

600

400

Welght P e r c e n t U r a n ~ u m U
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams/2*349

R-V J.F. Smith, 1989

Atornlc P e r c e n t Vanadlurn
Composition, Pearson Space
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 95 I
Phase wi% V symbol group

fpt) 0 to -26 cF4 F ~ S ~

Pt,V 7 to 8 118 I4/mmm
Pt,V 1 1 to21.1 016 Immm
PtV 19.7 to 22 of4 Pmma
PtV, -34 to 54 cP8 ~m?n
(v) 66 t o 100 c12 Im3m
Metastable phases
PtsV(a) -3.2 t118 1 4 1 ~
Pt3V(b) 6.9 to 7.2 cP4 Pm3m
PtV 20.7 to 23.5 tP2 P 4 / ~ m
PtV, -44 cP4 Pm3m
(a) Possibly misclassified because nelther its stability nor metastability is conclusive. (b) Stabilized by
oxygen and possibly also by nitrogen and/or carbon

Pt Weight Percent Vanadlurn V

Pt-Zr H. Okamoto, 1990

A t o r n ~ cP e r c e n t Z ~ r c o n i u n i
Composition, Pearson Space
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Phaw wt% Z r symbol group

Fm3m
Pm3m
P63/mmc
14@
Pm3m
Cmcm
P63/ycm
lm3m
P6glmmc
Note: The polymorphic transformation temperature of P a r is unknown. (a) Not shown in the diagram

Pu-Sc H. Okamoto, 1990

At.omlc P e r c e n t S c a n d ~ u m
0 20 30 40 50 60 70
Composition, Pearson Space
1600 0 B? 90 --*.. .....-.
I -7.T. wt% Sc symbol group

c12 Im3m
112 I4/mmm
cF4 F ~ S ~
oF8 Fddd
mC34 C2/m
mP16 P2 d m
... ...
hP 2 P63/mmc
2*350/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Pu-U H. Okamoto, 1992

Atomic P e r c e n t U r a n l u m
Composition, Pearson Space
wt% U symbol group

0 to 100 cI2 Imlim

0 to 2 tI2 I4lmmm
0 to 2 cF4 Fm3m
0 to 2 oF8 Fddd
0 to 3 mC34 C2lm
0 mP16 P2dm
25 to 77 cP5 8 ...
4 to 80 tP52 ...
77 to 100 tP30 P42lrnnm
89 to 100 oc4 Cmcm

Pu Weight P e r c e n t U r a n i u m U

Pu-Zn From [Chiotti]

Atomlc Percent Zlnc
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Composition, Pearson Space
lax Phase wt% Zn symbol group

(EPU) 0 to 0.96 c12 Im3m

(6'Pu) 0 t12 I4Immm
(6W 0 to 1.1 cF4 Fmm
(YW 0 OF8 Fddd
(PPu) 0 mC34 C2/m
(aPu) o m ~ 1 6 P2 d m
PuZn2 34.9 cF24 Fd3m
Pu3Zn%1 -52.5 to 55 hP142 P6jmc
P"3Znzz 66 t1100 14@md
w*C Pu2Zn17 69.5 hR * R3m
K (HT) -7 1 hP * P6lmmm
K (LT) -7 1 hP38 P6jImmc
h -71.8 hP+ P6j22
(Zn) 100 hP2 P6slmmc

Weight Percent Zinc

Pu-Zr From [Elliott]

Atomlc P e r c e n t Zrrconlum
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 00 100 Composition, Pearson Space
Pbse wt% Z r symbol erou~

(ePu,PZr) 0 to 100 cI2 Im3m

(S'Pu) 0 to 0.76 112 I4lmmm
(6pu) 0 to 47 cF4 Fm3m
(YPU) 0 to 1.1 oF8 Fddd
(Ppu) 0 to 2,7 mC34 C2/m
(ah) 0 to 0.57 mP16 P21h
8 (or Pu4Zr) 4 to 14 tP80 P4Incc
K (or PuZr3) 52 hP3 P6lmmm
(azr) 71 to 100 hP 2 P6dmmm

Pu Welght Percent Zlrconlum Zr

 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams/2*351

Rb-Sb F.W. Dorn and W. Klernrn, 1961

A t o r n l c Percent Antimony
0 10 20 30 40 50 80 70 80 90 Composition, Pearson Space
800 T ..i-i I ,
, I + Phase wt% Sb symbol group

(Rb)
Rb3Sb
PRb5Sb2
aRb5Sb2
Rb5Sb4
RbSb
RbSb2
PRb3Sb7
aRb3Sb7
(Sb)

Rb W e ~ g h tP e r c e n t Antlmony Sb

Rb-Se H. Okamoto, 1990

Alonilr t ' r r c c n t S ~ . l e n ~ u r r ~
Composition, Pearson Space
11
.. 10
..J
20
A, ......:I0
J., . . 40
. 1 .r7.
50 60
--I
711
J.,. . . . .80. , . . . . .10I , . . . . . w t % Se symbol group

(Rb) 0 c12 ImXm

Rb2Se 3 1.6 to -38 cF12 Fm3m
R~IIS~S 40.2 ... ...
RbSe 48.0 ... ...
Rb2Se3 58 oC20 C m ~ 2 ~
RbSe, 64.9 ...
Rb2Se5 69.8 oP28 ~2;2,2~
(Se) 100 h~ 3 ~3121

100
Wclght P e r c e n t S r . l c n ~ u r n Sr

R. Thiirnrnel and W. Klernrn, 1970

A t o r n ~ c P e r c e n t Thallium
. . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . 10. . LO 30 40 50
7?. 4: 9? !./o Phme
Composition,
wt% TI
Pearson
symbol
Space
group

r
2*352/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Re-Ru E. Rudy, B. Kietter, and H. Froelich, 1962

Atomic Percent R u t h e n i u m
Composition, Pearson Space
3400 Phase wt% R U symbol group

-m
e m 0

Re
10 2 0 3 0 4 0 m ~

Weight P e r c e n t R u t h e n i u m
o 7 0 e ~ m 1

Re-Si A.B. Cokhale and G.J. Abbaschian, unpublished

Atomic P e r c e n t Silicon
0 2030 40 50 80 70 80 90 Composition, Pearson Space
3300 Phase wt% Si symbol group

(Re)
RepSi
ReSi

(Si)
(a) Monoclinic

Re-Te T.Kh. Kurbanov, R.A. Dovlyatshina, I.A. Dzhavodova, and

A l o r n ~ c Percent Tellurlurn 'F.A. Akhrnenov, 1977
I0 20 30 40
?"S ,7? ,a,n A?, Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Te symbol group

Re Weight P e r c e n t Tellurium Te
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrarns/2-353

H. Okarnoto, 1990
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% U symbol group

(Re) 0 hP2 P63lmmc

Re2U 39.0 hP12 P63/mmc
Re2U 39.0 oC24 Cmcm
ReU2 71.9 ... ...
(W 93 to 100 cI2 tmlim
(PU) 98.1 to 1 0 0 rP30 P421mnm
(aU) -100 oC4 Cmcm

J.F. Smith, 1989

Atomlc P e r c e n t V a n a d ~ u m Composition, Pearson Space
70 80 90 100
~ t v%
0 10 20 30 40 50 80
7------,,
symbol group

Re Welght P e r c e n t V a n a d ~ u m V

Rh-Se H. Okamoto, 1990

Composition, Pearson Space
wt% Se symbol group

FmSm
P631rnrnc

Pbcn
Pnmn
Pa3
Rli
P3121

W e ~ g h tPercent Selenlurn SP

*. ---....
--.. - .""
2*354/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Rh-Ta B.C. Giessen, H. Ibach, and N.J.Grant, 1964

-
ALomlc Percent Tantalum
30 50 80 Composition, Pearson Space
3200
0 10
-... ....J...l..
20
. ..-., L 7 -I...
10
T.
80 70
I +
90
Phase wt% ~s symbol group

(Rh) 0 to 27.2 cF4 F ~ S ~

Rh3Ta 33 to 44 cP4 PmFm
RhzTa 45 to 48 oP12 Pnma
a3 54 to 65 ... ...
a1 5 1 to 60.4 ... Pmcm?
o 7 3 to 87.9 rP30 P42/mnm
(Ta) 90 to 100 cl2 Im3m

Rh Welght Percent Tantalum Ta

Rh-Ti J.L. Murray, 1987

Atomic Percent Rhodlum
Composition, Pearron Space
2200 Phase wt% Rh symbol group

@Ti) 0 to 47 c12 ImSm

(aTi) 0 to 0.161 hP2 P63Immc
Ti2Rh 51.8 r16 I4/rnmm
PTiRh -57 to 75 cP2 PmSm
aTiRh -57 to 7 5 tP2 PmSm
Ti3RhS 78.2 oPl6 Pb~m
TiRh3 85 to 88 cP4 Pm3m
TiRhS -91.7 ... ...
(Rh) 93 to 100 cF4 FmFm

0 10 20 30 40 50 GO 70 80
Ti Weight Percent Rhodium

Rh-U From [Ivanov]

Atomlc Percent Rhodlum
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Composition, Pearson Space
2000 phase w t ~ b~h symbol group

Cmcm
PZn2
lm3m
...
...
...
...
Pmm
Fm3m
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagramsl2.355

J.F. Smith, 1989

Atomlc P e r c e n t V a n a d ~ u m
Composition, Pearson Space
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 I
2100 Phase wt% V symbol group

(Rh) 0 to -10.7 cF4 Fmjm

Rh3V -12.1 to -21.0 cP4 ~m3m
Rh5V3 -23 to 24.3 oCl6 Cm2m or Cmcm
RhVtetr 25.2 to 3 1 tP4 P4lmmm
RhVortho 32 to 35.2 oC8 Cmmm
RhV, 44 to -62.4 cP8 Pm3n
(V) -69 to 100 c12 Im3m

W e ~ g h tP e r c e n t V a n a d ~ u m

Ru-Si H. Okamoto, 1990

Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Si symbol group

P63lmmc
Pnma
Pbam
Pnma
~m7m
P213
P4c2
Pbcn
Fd3m

1414.C

0 10 20 30
..I ....- -. .-..
40
.
r

50
.---. 60
.,,---..
70
.,,....80,.., ......90,. .-7

100
Ru W e ~ g h tP e r c e n i S ~ l ~ c o r l SI

H. Okamoto, 1991
Atomic P e r c e n t T a n t a l u m
Composition, Pearson Space
20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 I
- ~ - ~ . - , . ~ . . T C - - - C . r - Phase wt% Ta symbol group

(Ru) 0 to -41 hP2 P63lmmc

)20T Y -52.3 c** ...
RuTa -52.3 to ? cP2 Pmm
RuTa' -58 to 73 tP2 P4lmmm
RuTa" -62 to 67 oc4 Cmmm
(Ta) 65 to 100 cI2 ImSm

00
Ru Welght P e r c e n t T a n t a l u m Ta
20356/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Ru-Ti J.L. Murray, 1987

g.---&.- - A t o m ~ cP e r c e n t R u t h e n l u m
20
A .-7-
30 10 50 60 70 80
-ti-
90
phase
Composition,
wt% RU
Pearson
symbol
Space
group

@Ti) 0 to -40 d2 1m3m

(aTi) 0 to >0.2 hP2 P63lmmc
T i u -63 to -70 cP2 Pm3m
(Ru) -93 to 100 hP2 P631mmc
Metastable phases
(a'Ti) ... hP2 P6dmmc
(a"'Ti) ... oC4 Cmcm
61 ... hP3 P6lmmm

70
Welght P e r c e n t Ruthenlurn Ru

P. Chiotti, V.V. Akhachinskij, I. Ansara, and M.H. Rand, 1982

Composition, Pearson Space
Phlse wt% Rn symbol COUP

(YU) 0 to 2.0 cI2 I m L

(m) 0 to 0.86 tP30 P42lrnnm
(aU) -0 oC4 cmcm
UzRu 17.5 mP12 E l m or P21/m
URu 27.5 ... ...
U3Ru4 36 ... ...
U3Ru5 41.4 ...
URu3 56 cP4 Pm3m
(Ru) 98 to 100 hP2 P6dmmc

J.F. Smith, 1989

Atomic P e r c e n t Vanadium
10 20 30 40 50 80 70 Composition, Pearson Space
Phw at% v symbol group

(Ru) 0 to -18 hP2 P63/mmc

RuV 33.5 t** ...
RuV -29 to 60 cP2 Pm2m
(v) 60 to 100 cI2 Im3m
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams120357

S-Se R.C. Sharma and Y.A. Chang, unpublished

Atorrnc P e r c e n t Selenlurn

250r 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Composition, Pearson Space
20
--'-++ Phase wt% Se symbol group

221.C (PS) 0 to 50.1 mP* P211c

(as) o to 25.1 oF128 Fddd
Y 7 0 to 92.3 (a) ...
L (Se) 94.3 to 100 hP3 P3121
High-pressure phase
So sssSe0.44~ 66.4 (b) P 3 , orP32
(a) Monoclinic. (b) Trigonal

,/
I,
,*.

-,5.C
71.1;
0 Y ; ;
j j
! !
i
a s / ;\

----!O 0 10 20
-------
"---
7
1- 30 10 50 60 70 60 90 I 100

S W e ~ g h tP e r c e n t Selenlurn Se

S-Sn R.C. Sharma and Y.A. Chang, 1986

Atomlc P e r c e n t S u l f u r Composition, Pearson Space
80
-..- 90 100
Phlse wt% S symbol group

(bsn) 0 t14 141/amd

PSnS 21.3 cC8 Cmcm
aSnS 21.3 OPE Pnma
6Sn2S3 29 ... ...
enlS3 29 ... ...
PSnzs3 29 ... ...
aSn,S3 29 oP20 Pnma
SnS2 35.1 hP* P6_3mc
hP3 P3ml
Metastable phases
SnS (thm film) 21.3 cF8 ~msm
Sn4S5 25.3 ... ...
Sn& 26.4 t** ...

Sn W e ~ g h tPercent Sulfur S

S-Sn phase diagram between 1 8 and 35 wt%

A t o r n ~ cP e r c e n t S u l f u r

W e ~ g h tP e r c e n t S u l f u r
2*358/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

S-Te D.T. Li, R.C. Sharma, and Y.A. Chang, 1989

Atornlc P e r c e n t S u l f u r
100
Composition, Pearson Space
500 Phw wt% S symbol group
(Te) 0 to 40.3 hP3 P3121
T~~SIO(~) ... (b) ...
(ps) 98.0 to 100 mP* P21/c
(as) -98.23 to l o o oF128 Fddd
(a) High-pressure phase. (b) Pseudo-orthorhombic

100
Te Weight P e r c e n t S u l f u r S

1.1. Murray, 1987

A t o m l c Percent S u l f u r
Composition, Pearson Space
m phase w t a ~s symbol group
ISM
@Ti) 0 to 0.007 d2 Im3m
la00
(aTi) 0 to 0.013 hP2 P6glmmc
17M TiS -10 (a) ...
IBM Ti$ 18 t*24 ...
Ti2S 23 to 27 (b) ...
Ti I +3 36 to 39.8 hP2 P6m2
Ira, TiS -39.8 hP4 P63/mmc
2 1x0 Ti& -42.6 hR18 R3m
5 Ism Ti~S~o -45.6 hP18 P6glmmc
a Ti~6Sz~ -45.6 hR37.1 R3m
E 1103
Ti2.67S4 47.9 to 51.6 hPh.8 P6gmc
,m (4H)z 49.9 to 50.4 mC40.14 Cc
(443 ... mC59.8 (2
Ti7S12 -53.1 hRlY.1 R3rn
800
TiSz 54.8 to 57.3 hP3 P3m
700 TiS3 -67 mP8 P21Im
em (s) 100 oF128 Fddd
m (a) Hexagonal. (b) Unknown low symmetry
0 10 20 30 10 JO 80 70 80 90 IW
Ti Weight P e r c e n t S u l f u r S

Sb-Se H. Okamoto, 1990

Atomlc P e r c e n t Selenlum
Composition, Pearson Space
700
Phase wt% Se symbol group

(Sb) o h ~ 2 RL
Sb2Se3 49 oP20 Pnma
(Se) 100 h ~ 3 ~ 3 ~ 2 1
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams/2*359

Sb-Si R.W. Olesinski and C.J.Abbaschian, 1985

Atornlc P e r c ~ n tA n t l r n o n y
Composition, Pearson Space
Phlse wt% Sb symbol group

(Si) 0 to 0.09 cF8 F@m

(Sb) 100 hR2 R3m

0 10 20 30 10 50 60 70 80 90 100
SI Welght Percent Antimony Sb

Sb-Sm H. Okamoto, 1990

Atolnlc Percent Snmarlum
Composition, Pearson Space
wl% Sm symbol group

Sb-Sn B. Predel and W. Schwermann, 1971

A t o m ~ rP e r c e n t A n t ~ i n o n y
Composition, Pearson Space
0 10 20 30 40
........$------~------,Lc..
50 60 70 80
.c+-
90 100
Phase wt% Sb symbol group

(Psn) 0 to 9.6 114 1411amd

700
Sn,Sbz 43.6 ... ...
83075~~ P 43.6 to 65.8 cF8 Fmm
GOO (Sb) 87.7 to 100 hR2 R3m

43.8
231.8881.C 242T

j s j
100

0 10
........20p
30 40
-,-...
50
*-...
60 70 80
.... 90 100
Sn Wclght Perrent Antlmony Sb
20360/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

A.V. Vakhobov, Z.V. Niyazova, and B.N. Polev, 1975

Atomlc Percent S t r o n t ~ u m
0 10 20 30 10 50 60 70 80 90 100 Composition, Pearson Space
phase wt% Sr symbol group

(Sb) 0 to 1 hR2 R3m

Sb3Sr 19 ... ...
SbSr 41.8 ... ...
SbzSr3 52 ...
mooc SbSr, 59 tIlZ I41m-mm
(PSr) 94.9 to 100 cI2 Im3m
(asr) 100 cF4 Fmm

847'~

50 60 70 80 90 LOO
Sb We~ght Percent S t r o n t ~ u m Sr

Sb-Tb H. Okamoto, 1990

Atomlc Percent 'Perb~um
Composition, Pearson Space
w1% ~b symbol UP

R3m
Cmca
2000 ...
Fmm
1z3d
U
a, 1500
9
4
d
m
w
4

2 1000
C

830.755.C
500

0
0 10 20 30 10 50 60
Sb Welght Percent T e r b ~ u n

Sb-Te H. Okamoto, 1990

Atomic Percent Tellurium
Composition, Pearson Space
700 Phase wt% Te symbol group

49.6?%!

1 50 60 70 80 90 100
Percent Tellurium Te
Sb-TI

600

i1
10 20 70 -,--.-

L
40 A.,
50 A
Aiornir I'rr-crnt A n t i n r o c ~ y
, , , , J.., . . . . . . . J . , . . ......A..... ..,-....
. ...,.... ...

630 7ss.c
Phase

@TI)
(aTU
Y
TI,Sb2
Binary Alloy Phase Diagramsl2.361

R.C. Sharma and Y.A. Chang, unpublished

wt% Sb
Composition,

0 to 15.6
0 to 2
4.0 to 6.0
14.7 to 16.9
Pearson
symbol

c12
hP2
cF*
c154
group
Space

1m3m
P631mmc
...
1mTm
500
TlSb 37.3 ... ...
0
", 1 (Sb) 100 hR2 R3m

TlSb
,181aC 185T
187'C

, ,8
0
I!

P. Chiotti, 1980
Atomlc Percent Uranium Composition, Pearson Space
2000 Phme wt% U symbol group

R?m
P41nmm
143_d
Fm3m
P63Imcm
Im3m
P42/mnm
Cmcm
(a) Evidence for ferromagnetic ordering of SblUq has been presented

Sb Weight P e r c e n t U r a n ~ u m

F.A. Schmidt and O.D. McMasters, 1970

Atonilc P e r c e n t A n t ~ r n o n y
d 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Composition, Pearson Space
+.I_J_ -.-,.+ ....I L 7 - - A , 1 , 4 +TL-_-f Phase wt% Sb symbol group

Y Welght P e r c e n t A n t ~ m o n y Sb
20362/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Sb-Zn G. Vuillard and J.P. Piton, 1966; and T. Takei, 1927

Composition, Pearson Space
Phase w t l Zn symbol group

(Sb) 0 R3m
P -34.9 to -38 Pbca
Y 39 to 41 ...
E 42 to 43 ...
6 42 to -43.1 ...
5 45 to 46 ...
11 45 to -46 Pmmn
(zn) 100 P631mmc
(a) Sb3Zn4(6,€?): hR22 or oPZ8 or mC*?

Sb W e ~ g h tP e r c e n t Z l n c

Sc-Ti J.L. Murray, 1987

A t o m ~ cP e r c e n t Scandlum
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Composition, Pearson Space
1700 phase sc
W ~ W symbol group

1800 (PTi,PSc) 0 to 100 d2 1m3m

(aTi) 0 to 7 . 4 hP2 P63lmmc
1500 (aSc) 88.2 to 100 hP2 P6slmmc

1100

1300

1200

1100

1000

900

BOO

700
0 10 20 30 40 50 80 70 80 90 100
TI Welght Percent S c a n d ~ u m Sc

Sc-Y K.A. Cschneidner, Jr. and F.W. Calderwood, 1983

Atomic Percent Yttrlum
0 L
O 20 30 10 50 80 70 80 90 1 Composition, Pearson Space
1800 4 , -
--
II
- phase ~ 1 Y
% symbol group

(PSc,PY) 0 to 100 cI2 ImL

1s220C (aSc,aY) 0 to 100 hP2 P6slmmc
1478%

Weight Percent Yttrium Y

 -11
Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams/2*363

Sc-Zr A. Palenzona and S. Cirafici, 1991

A i o r r i l c 1'c.r~c,nt % ~ r r o n l u m
0 10 LO 30 I Composition, Pearson Space
LU0il I.. .---A ,- . ,...,.777
4
r.A-
i..-+.r..7~..,11, ,.... Phase wt% Zr symbol group

----.-
l855.C (psc,pzr) 0 to 100 c12 Im3m
1800 L ..........__--- (aSc,aZr) 0 to 100 hP2 P63lmmc
__---__---
___---
I --- __--

Se-Sn R.C. Sharma and Y.A. Chang, 1986

Atornlc P e r c e n t S e l e n ~ u m
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Se symbol group

(Sn) 0 t14 I4,lamd

SnSe 39.9 oP8 Pnma
SnSez 57.1 hP3 P3m l
(Se) 100 hP3 P3121

21°c

0 10 20 30 10 50 60 70 80 90 100
Sn W e ~ g h tP e r c e n t S e l e n l u m Se

Se-Sr Yu.B. Lyskova and A.V. Vakhobov, 1975

Atornlc P e r c e n t S t r o n t ~ u m
0 20 30 40 50 00 70 80 90 Composition, Pearson Space
~hrse wt% ST symbol group

(Se) 0 hP3 P3121

Se3Sr 27 ... ...
Se& 35.7 ... ...
Se3Sr2 43 ... ...
SeSr 52.6 cF8 Fm3m
@Sr) 100 c12 Im3m
(aSr) 100 cF4 Fmm

irc
20364/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Se-Te R.C. Sharma, D.T. Li, and Y.A. Chang, unpublished

A t o m ~ cPercent Tellurlurn
30 Composition, Pearson Space
'
P -Phase
20 40 50 60 70
wt% Te symbol WOUP

Weight Percent Tellurium

C. Morgant, B. Legendre, S. Mareglier-Lacordaire, and

Atomlc Percent Selenlum C. Souleau, 1981
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 60 90 100
500 0 Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Se symbol group

We~ght Percent Selenlum Se

Se-Tm H. Okamoto, 1990

Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Tm symbol WOUP

We) o hP3 ~3121

SezTm 51.6 tP6 P4Inmm
Se3Tmz 59 oF8O Fgd
ySeTm 64 to 69 cF8 Fm3m
PSeTm 65 to 69 ... ...
,,., aSeTm 65 to 69 ... ...
(Tm) 100 hP2 P63lmmc
Note: "SeTm" is Se6Tm5 on the Se-rich side and SeTml,05on the Tm-rich side.
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams/2*365

G.V. Ellert, V.G. Sevast'yanov, and V.K. Slovyanskikh, 1975

Composition, Pearson Space
Phw wt% Se symbol group

1mjm
P42/mnm
Cmcm
Fmm
...
1S3d
Prima
Pnmo
P631m
Pnmo
P21lm
P3121

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 RO 40 $,Ill
U Welght P e r c e n t S e l e n ~ u r n %?

Si-Sn R.W. Olesinski and G.J. Abbaschian, 1984

A t o m ~ cPercent Tin
Composition, Pearson Space
Phme wt% Sn symbol group

10 20 30 40 n M, 70 80 m IW
L Weight P e r c e n t Tin Sn

Si-Sr V.P. ltkin and C.B. Alcock, 1989

-- -
Atomlc P e r r r n t S t r o n t l u m
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 RO 90 100 Composition, Penrson Space
...vl-.-drk-.
.-A- ..-,.I. wt% ST symbol group

(Si) Fdm
SizSr P4332
SiSr Cmcm
SiSr2 Pnmo
(PW Imjm
(aW Fmm
Other possible phases
Si7Sr4 I4llamd
aSiSr Immm
Si3Sr5 14cm
High-pressure, metastable phase
SizSr(II) 60.9 14llamd
( a ) Possible speculative homogeneity range

200&-,.*
0 10
--.,.---.--
20 30 40 50
-.,.-
J.
GO
d-.....\ !
70 80 90 100
S1 Weight P r r c e n t Strontium
2@366/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

M.E. Schlesinger, unpublished

Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wi% Si symbol group

(Ta) Oto-1 cI2 Im3m

Ta3Si 5 tP32 p42/n
Ta2Si 7.2 t112 14/m
PTa5Si3 8.5 ?I32 I4lmcm
aTa5Si3 8.5 tI32 I4lmcm
TaSi2 23.7 hP9 P6~22
Si 100 cF8 Fd3m
Metastable phases
Ta&i 3.5 hP8 P63lmmc
TasSis 8.5 hP16 P6slmcm

Si-Te T.C. Davey and E.H. Baker, 1980

Atomic Percent T e l l u r i u m
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Te symbol group

(si) 0 cF8 F<Tm

Si2Te3 87 hP40 P31c
(Te) 100 hP3 P3121

SI Weight P e r c e n t T e l l u r i u m

Si-Th From [Thorium]

Atomic Pcrcent S ~ l l c o n
Composition, Pearson Space
Phw wt% Si symbol group

(PTh) 0 c12 Im3m

(aTh) 0 cF4 FmTm
Th3Si2 8 tPl0 P4fmbm
ThSi 10.8 of8 Pnma
Th3Si5 16.8 hP3 P6lmmm
ThSiz -18 to 19.5 ?I12 14llamd
(SO 100 cF8 Fdsm

W e ~ g h tP e r c e n t S ~ l i r o n SI
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams/2@367

Si-Ti
Atornlc Percent Slllcon
0 10 2? 30 40 50 60 70
99nn 1 no 80 100 Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Si symbol wow

(aTi)
Ti3Si
Ti5Si3
Ti&
Ti6Si5(a) ...
TiSi Pmm2
Pnma
TiSil Fddd
(Si) Fdsm
(a) Not shown in diagram. (b) Tetragona1,related to a (Dan)

Weight Percent S l l ~ c o n SI

Si-U H. Okamoto, 1990

A t o r n l c Percent Uranlum
20 30 40 50 so so100 Composition, Pearson Space
2000 Phase wt% U svmhol

(Si) 0 cF8 Fdxm

Si3U 74 cP4 Pm3m
Si2U 80.9 hP3 P61mmm
S ~nsu
I 81.8 t112 1411amd
SisU3 83.6 hP3 P61mmm
SiU 89.4 oP8 Pnma
Si2U3 93 tP19 P4lcbm
SiU3 96 cP4 Pm3m
(YU) 100 el2 1m3m
(pu) 100 tP30 P42/mnm
(au) loo 0c4 cmcm

90 100
Weight Percent U r a n ~ u r n U

J.F. Smith, 1989

A t o m i c Percent S i l i c o n
Composition, Pearson Space
wt% Si symbol eroun

(a) Carbon-stabilized

20 30 40 50 BO 70 BO 90 IM
Weight Percent S i l i c o n SI
20368/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Si-Zn

lml -
0 10
Atomlc Percent Z ~ n c
20 30 40 50 BO 70 80 901W
Phase

(Si)
(Zn)
R.W. Olesinski and G.J. Abbaschian, 1985
Composition,
wt% Zn

100
o
Pearson
symbol

cF8
hP2
Space
group

~d?m
P6dmmc

0 10 20 30 10 50 60 70 80 80 IW
SI W e ~ g h tPercent Zlnc Zn

Si-Zr H. Okamoto, 1990

Atornlc Percent Zlrconlurn Composition, Pearson Space
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 00 100
2400 Phase w t % Zr symbol group

(Si) o CFX ~d3m

SizZr 61.9 oC12 Cmcm
PSiZr 76.5 oCX Cmcm
aSiZr 76.5 oP8 Pnm
PSr4Zr5 80.3 ... ...
aSr4Zr5 80.3 tP36 P41212
Si2Zr3 83 tPl0 P4lmbm
Si3Zr5 84.4 hP16 Wjlmcm
SiZr2 86.7 t112 I4lmcm
SiZr, -91 tP32 P42/n
tI32 I?
($Zr) 100 c12 Im3m
(azr) loo h ~ 2 ~6,lmmc

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 00 100
SI We~ght Percent Z ~ r c o n i u m Zr

Sm-Sn G. Borzone, A. Borsese, and R. Ferro, 1982

Atorn~cPercent Tln Composition, Pearson Space
1800 Phase wt% Sn symbol group

(YSm) o to 0.4 c12 1m3m

( b W 0 hP2 P6jImmc
(aSm) 0 hR3 R3m
Sm5Sn3 32.1 hP16 P6jImcm
Sm4Sn3 37 cI2 8 Iz3d
Sm5Sn4 38.8 oP36 Pnm
S~IIS~IO -42 tI84 I4lmmm
SmzSn3 54 t** ...
SmSn2 61.3 ... ...
SmSn, 70 cP4 PmSm
($Sn) 100 t14 1411amd
(asn) 100 CFX ~dSm

Sm Weight Percent Tin Sn

 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrarns/2.369

S. Delfino, A. Saccone, A. Palenzona, and R. Ferro, unpublished

Composition, Pearson Space
wt% TI svmbol erou~

(PSm) 0 to -3.4 hP2 P6slmmc

(aSm) o to ? hR2 R%Z
(ySm) o to -16 C I ~ 1m3m
Sm2TI -40 to -41 hP6 P6+1mc
Sm5T13 -44 to -45 1132 14lmcm
SmTl(a) -52 to -59 tP2 pm?m
(or cl2) Im3m
SmTl(b) -52 to -59 tP2 P4/mmm
Sm3T15 -69 to -70 oC32 Cmcm
SmT13 80 cP4 Pm3m
(PTU 100 el2 Im3m
(aTU 100 hP2 P6jlmmc
(a)Cubic stucture presumed to be room- and high-temperature phases. (b) Tetragonal structure presumed
to be low-temperature phase.

Sm-Zn From [Moffattl

A t o m i c Percent Z m c
Composition, Pearson Space
wt% Zn symbol group

Im3m
P631mmc
R3m
Pm3m
lmma
lmma
Pnma
Immm
P63mc
I4 lamd
...
14lmmm
P6slmmc

Sn-Sr

--10
- +20
~30
Atomlc Percent S t r o n t ~ u r n
40 50
7,7.y ----- -.-., +....
60
L

-
70

55Y
!
.
80
-90
. 100
{
Composition,
wt% Sr
P.R. Subrarnanian, 1990
Pearson
symbol
Space
group

1411amd
Fdh
;1P
...
...
...
Cmcm
I4lmcm
...
Pnma
lm3m
Fmsm

'60
r
Sn W e ~ g h ti'crcent Strontlrirn 9r
2*370/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Sn-Te R.C. Sharma and Y.A. Chang, 1986

Atomic Percent Tellurium
o 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 PO loo Composition, Pearson Space
Phsse wt% Te symbol group

(Sn) -0 t14 I4 l ~ m d
SnTe 51.8 cF8 Fm3m
SnTe(HP) 51.8 oP8 Pnma
(Te) 100 hP3 P3121

l50l -1 F
0 10 20 30 40 51 80 70 80 90 100
Sn Weight P e r c e ~ Tellurium Te

Sn-Ti J.L. Murray, 1987

Atomic Percent Tin
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 iil ill1 '20 Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Sn symbol group

(PTi) o to 34 ~12 1m3m

(aTi) 0 to >16.7 hP2 P631mmc
Ti& 43 to 45 hP8 P63Immc
TiaSn 54.6 to 58.1 hP6 P63lrnmc
TisSns 59.8 hP16 P63lmcm
PTi6Sn, 67.4 hP22 P6glmmc
P31c
aTi6Sn, 67.4 0144 Immm
(Sn) 99.99 to 100 114 I41lamd

Ti Weight Percent Tin Sn

H. Okamoto, 1990
Atomic Percent Thallium
10 20 30 40 50 GO 70 80 PO 100 Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% TI symbol group

(psn) 0 114 I41lamd

L (asn) 0 cF8 Fd3m
SnTl 63.3 tP2 P4/m-mm
Y 68 to 94 cF4 Fm3m
(PTl) 92 to 100 cI2 Im3m
98 to 100 hP2 P6dmmc

LOO

0
Sn Weight Percent Thallium TI
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams/2*371

R.I. Sheldon, E.M. Foltyn, and D.E. Peterson, 1987

A t o m ~ cP e r c e n t U r a n i u m
0 10 20 30 40 50 80 70 80 90 100
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% U symbol group

1411amd
Fd?m
Pm?m

Cmcm
(a) No tendency to d~sorderwas observed.

Sn Welght P e r c e n t U r a n l u m U

Sn-Y H. Okamoto, 1990

Atomic P e r c e n t Yttrium
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Y symbol group

14 llamd
Fdm
Pmm
Cmcm
14lmmm
Pnma
P63/~cm
Im3m
P6dmmc

Sn Weight P e r c e n t Y t t r i u m Y

Sn-Yb A. Palenzona and S. Cirafici, 1991

Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% ~b symbol group

1411amd
Fd?m
~mSm
P4/mmm
Pnma
I4lmcm
P63/mcm
P6jl~mc
Im3m
FmSm
P63lmmc
2e3721Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Sn-Zn Z. Moser, J.Dutkiewicz, W. Casior, and j. Salawa, 1985

A t o m i c Percent Tin
0 10 20 30 40 XI 80 70 70 80 100
Composition, Pearson Space
4XI Phase wt% Sn symbol group

(Zn) 0 hP2 P631mmc

(Wn) -100 t14 I41lamd

o 10 m 30 40 so eu 70 eu ao Irn
Zn Weight Percent T i n Sn

Sn-Zr J.P. Abriata, J.C. Bolcich, and D. Arias, 1983

Atornlc Percent 'Tin Composition, Pearson Space
0 10 20 30 40 50
...601. ..... -L
70
-.-
-,
80 90
Phase wt% Sn symbol group

ImSm
P6jl~rnc
Pm3n
P631mcm
Fddd
1411pd
Fd3m

We~ght Percent Tln

Sr-Te Yu.B. Lyskova and A.V. Vakhobov, 1975

A t o m ~ c Percent Tellurlurn
Composition, Penrson Space
Phase wt% Te symbol group

(PSI) 0 c12 Im5m

(asr) 0 cF4 ~ m $
SrTe 59.3 6'8 Fm3m
Sr2Te3 69 ... ...
SrTel 74.5 ... ...
(Td 100 hP3 P3121

m m m

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Sr We~ght Percent Tellurium Te
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams/2.373

H. Okamoto, 1990
Composition, Pearson Space
Phw wt% TI symbol group

(PSr) 0 c12 lm?m

0 cF4 ~ m m
Sr3TI 44 ... ...
Sr5T13 58.3 t132 Mlmcm
SrTl 70.0 cP2 ~mTm
Sr2T13 78 ... ...
SrTlz 82.4 hP6 P6glmmc
SrTI, 88 ... ...
(PTU ? t o 100 c12 1m3m
(aTI) 98.0 to 100 hP2 P6slmmc

r.n. xmramanlan, I YYU

Atomic P e r c e n t Zinc
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Zn symbol group

m - ! ( 0 c12 1m3m
(as0 0 cF4 Fmm
SrZn 42.7 0P8 Pnmo
SrZn, 59.9 0112 Imma
SrZn5(HT) 78.8 hP6 P6lmmm
SrZn5(LT) 78.8 0P24 Pn?
SrZn,, -90.7 cF112 Fm3c
(Zn) 100 hP2 P63lmmc

Sr Welght Percent Z l n c 7n

Ta-Th R. Krishnan, S.P. Carg, and N. Krishnamurthy, 1989

Composition, Pearson Space
wt% Th symbol group
Oto<l c12 ImTm
99.85 to 100 c12 ImSm
>99.9 to 100 cF4 Fmsm
2*374/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Ta-Ti J.L. Murray, 1987

ALomlc Percent Tantalum
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90100
Composition, Pearson Space
3200-j , -', Phase wt% Ta symbol group

(PTiTa) 0 to 100 cI2 Im3m

(aTi) 0 to 12.4 hP2 P63/mmc
Metastable phases
(a') ... h~2 P6dm
(a") ... 0C4 cmcm -
0 ... hP 3 P6/mmm or P3ml

W e ~ g h t Percent Tantalum Ta

R. Krishnan, S.P. Garg, and N. Krishnamurthy, 1988

A t o m ~ cPercent Tantalum
Composition, Pearson Space
0 10 20 30 40 50 GO 70 GO 90 100
3 5 0 0 0 wt% TS symbol group

(YU) 0 to -2 c12 lm3m

(Pu) 0 tP30 P421mnm
(aU) o 0c4 cmcm
(Ta) ? t o 100 c12 1mTm

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
II Weight Percent 'ldntdlum Ta

J.F. Smith and O.N. Carlson, 1989

Atomic Percent Tantalum Composition, Pearson Space
32W Phme wt% Ta symbol group

(V,Ta) 0 to 100 CI? 1mTm

VzTa(a) -64 to -67 cF24 ~dTm
(a) A high-temperature polymorph V2Ta has been reported to be a hexagonal MgZn2-type structure,
with W 12 and P6jlrnrnc.

V Weight Percent Tantalum Ta

 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams/2.375

Ta-W R. Krishnan, S.P. Garg, and N. Krishnamurthy, 1985

Atornlc Percent Tungsten
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 YO 100 Composition, Pearson Space
7'-1 Phase wt% W symbol group

3422'~

3300 -

i
d
m 3200-

2900
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 YO 100
Ta We~ght Percent Tungsten W

Ta-Zr R. Krishnan, S.P. Garg, S. Banerjee, and N. Krishnamurthy,

1989
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Ta symbol group

S. Deifino, A. Saccone, A. Palenzona, and R. Ferro,

unpublished
Composition, Pearson
Phase wt% TI svmbol

(a) High-temperaturephase (>250 K). (b) Low-temperature phase

20376/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

H. Okamoto, 1991
Atomic Percent T h a l l ~ u m Composition, Pearson Space
20 30 10
Pbme ~ 1 %TI symbol group

(Te)
Te3T12
TeTl
Te3T15
TeTlz
(PW
(aT1)

Te-U From [Moffattl

A t o r n ~ cPercent Tellurium Composition, Pearson Space
2000 Pbme at% Te svmbol WOUD

1m3m
P42mnm
Cmcm
Fm3m
1z3d
P6glmcm
Pnma
Immm
P4Inmm
...
...
...
P3121

U Weight Percent Tellurium Te

Te-Yb H. Okamoto, 1990

Atomic Percent Y t t e r b ~ u m Composition, Pearson Space
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
2000 Phme wi% Yb symbol COUP

(Te) o hP3 p3 1
TeYb 57.6 cF8 Fm2m
Wb) 100 cI2 Im3m
(WJ) 100 cF4 Fm3m
(ayb) 100 hP2 P63lmmc

Te Welght Percent Ytterbium Yb

 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams/2*377

Te-Zn R.C. Sharma and Y.A. Chang, 1987

A t o m ~ cP e r c e n t T e l l u r i u m
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Te symbol group

Th-Ti J.L. Murray, 1987

Atomtc P e r c e n t T h o r ~ u m
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% T h symbol group

@Ti) o ~12 lmSm

(aTi) 0 hP2 P631mmc
(PTh) 100 c12 1m3m
(aTh) 1 no rF4 ~m3m

H. Okamoto, 1990
Composition, Pearson Space
phase wt% TI symbol group

(PTh) 0 to ? c12 1m3m

(aTh) o to ? cF4 ~m3m
ThzTl 30.5 t112 14lmcm
34.6 hP16 P63/mcm
ThTl 46.8 oP24 Pbcm
Th,T15 59.5 oC32 Gem
ThTI, 73 cP4 Pmjm
(P'W 100 c12 lm3m
(aTU 100 hP2 P63lmmc

'ercrnt T h n l l ~ r i m
2*378/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Th-Zn P. Chiotti and K.J. Gill, 1961

A t o m ~ cP e r c e n t Zlnc
Composition, Pearson Space
10 20 1 0
J-c,.i47..+.-4
10 50 60 70 00
-....,-- 90
d-Phase
-
I
wt% Zn symbol group

Th-Zr E.D. Gibson, B.A. Loomis, and O.N. Carlson, 1958;

Atomlc P e r c e n t T h o r ~ u m
R.H. Johnsonand R.W.K. Honeycombe, 1961
0 10 20 30 +0
2000 8 - 7
50 60
..... i 1O....,Ri0 90 1
i ~ Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% ~h symbol group

(PZr.PTh) 0 to 100 c/2 1m3m

(azr) 0 hP2 P6glmmc
(aTh) 93.6 to 100 cF4 Fmm

W e ~ g h tP e r c e n t T h o r i u m

Ti-U J.L. Murray, 1987

A t o r n ~ cP e r c e n t U r a n l u r n Composition, Pearson Space
0 5 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 100
soo of^----.,........', 1 , '-T-~-+l. -t phase wt% U symbol group

(a) Metastable. (b) Monoclinic

ROO

600

400

TI Welght P e r c e n t U r a n ~ u r n
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams/2*379

Ti-V J.L. Murray, 1989

Atomic P e r c e n t V a n a d l u m
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 60 90 1
Composition, Pearson Space
L
-J.+- Phase wt% V symbol group

(PTi,V) 0 to 100 el2 lm?m

(aTi) 0 to -3 hP2 P63/mmc
Metastable phases
a' 0 to 5 hP2 P6s/m
a" 5 to 16 0c4 Cmcm
o 12 to -51.5 hP 3 P6/mmm or ~ 3 m l

TI Welght P e r c e n t V a n a d ~ u m V

J.L. Murray, 1987

Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% W symbol group

(PTi,W o to 100 c12 Im3m

(aTi) 0 to 0.8 hP2 P631mmr
a'(d 0 to 7 hP2 P63Immc
a"(a) 7 to 18.3 0c4 Cmcm
o(a) 20 to 30 hP3 P6/mmm
(a) Metastable

TI Welght P e r c e n t T u n g s t e n W

Ti-Y J.L. Murray, 1987

Atomlc P e r c e n t Y t t r l u m
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Y symbol group

@Ti) 0 to -3.7 c12 lm5m

(aTi) 0 to -0.02 hP2 P631mmc
(BY) -99.5 to 100 c12 lm5m
(aY) -99.5 to loo hP2 P6slmmc

1
800

700 7
- .--.
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Ul0
TI Welght P e r c e n t Y t t r i u m I
2*380/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Ti-Zr J.L. Murray, 1987

Atornlc Percent Zircon~urn
Composition, Pearson Space
2000 Phase wt% Zr symbol group

(PTi.PZr) 0 to 100 1.12 1m3m

(aTi,aZr) 0 to 100 hP2 P631mmc
Metastable phases
a' ... hP2 P6dmrnc
o ... hP3 P6lmmm or PTml

(aTi,aZr)
100

TI Weight Percent Zlrconlum Zr

TI-Y b S. Delfino, A. Saccone, A. Palenzona, and R. Ferro, unpublished

A t o m ~ cPercent Thalllum
0 10 20 30 60 50 60 70 80 80 i,
Composition, Pearson Space
_
J,c+
1200 k_
-.+
.,.-t Phase wt% TI symbol group

(Wb) 0 to -7 cF‘2 FmSm

( P I 0 to -16 cI2 Im3m
Y~,TI, 30.69 aP22 pi
Yb2TI 37.13 of12 Pnp
YbTl -50 to -58 cP2 Pm3m
(or d 2 ) Im5m
YbTl, -75 to -80 cP4 Pm3m
(PTO 100 c12 Im3m
(aT1) 100 W2 P63lmmc

TI-Zn A.V. Vegesack, 1907; and W. Seith, H. Johnson, and J.Wagner,

Atomlc Percent T h a l l i u m 19.52
Composition, Pearson Space
Phw wt% TI symbol group

(Zn) 0 hP2 P6gly1c

(PTU 100 cI2 Im3m
(aTU 100 hP2 P6slmmc

Zn Weight Percent T h a l l i u m
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams/2.381

U-Zr H.Okamoto, 1992

A t o r n ~ cP e r c e n t Z l r c o n l u m Composition, Pearson Space
2000 Phase wt% Zr symbol group

18550~ (yu,p~r) 0 t o 100 c12 1m3m

(BU) OtoO4 tP30 P421mnm
(aU) 0t002 0c4 Cmcm
1600 6 42 to 55 hP3 P6lmmm
(azd 99 to 100 hP2 P63lmmc

4 0 0 0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
U Weight Percent Z ~ r c o n i u m Zr

V-W S.V. Nagender Naidu, A.M. Sriramamurthy, M. Vijayakumar, and

P. Rama Rao, 1989
0
I~OO+----~
4
10
Atomic

--T> -20
---
Prrcrnt lungsten
30 40
-+-&k-.-~+-
50 60 70 80 90100
4 LA
34ZZ.C phaSe
Composition,
w
~ 1 %
Pearson
symbol
Space
group

(V.W 0 to 100 cI2 Im3m

ar
3
d
m LSOD

0 10 20 30 40 SO 60 70 80 90 100
V W c ~ g h tPercent T u n g s t e n W

J.F. Smith, 1989

Atornlc Percent Zlrconlurn
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Composition, Pearsun Space
Phase wt% Zr symbol group

(V) 0 to -9 c12 Im?m

VzZr -47.2 cF24 Fd5m
(Wr) -90.1 to 100 c12 Im3m
(azr) -100 hP2 P63lmmc

V Weight Percent Zirconlurn Zr

2*382/Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams

S.V. Nagender Naidu and P. Rama Rao, 1991

Atomic P e r c e n t Tungsten - -

Composition, Pearson Space

Phme wt% W symbol group

(BZr) 0 to 7.7 cI2 Im5m

(azr) 0 to 0.50 hP2 P63lmmc
ZrW2 -80.1 cF24 Fdjm
(w) 98.2 to 100 c12 Im3m
- -

Zr Weight P e r c e n t Tungsten W

H. Okamoto, 1990
Composition, Pearson Space
Phase -96 Zn symbol group

(BY) 0 c12 Im5m

0 hP2 P631mmc
Y Zn ? to 42.4 cP2 Pmm
PYZn, 59.6 ... ...
aYZn2 59.6 011 2 Imma
YZn, 69 oPI6 Pnma
Y3Znll 73.0 0128 Immm
1 3 ~ ~ 5 8 76.7 hP142 W3mc
YZn, 76.6 hP36 P63lmmc
Y~Zn~7 86.2 hP3 8 P631mmc
YZn 1 2 89.8 ?I26 14lmmm
(Zn) 100 hP2 P6dmmc

Y-Zr A. Palenzona and S. Cirafici, 1991

A t o r n ~ cP e r c e n t Z l r c o n ~ u r n

I
10 LU 10 40 50 60 70 80 GO loo Composition, Pearson Space
zoo0 --4
---i---+ Zr
~ 1 % symbol group

0 to 5 c12 1m5m
I800 0 to 1.85 hP2 P63/mmc
L 96.2 to 100 cI2 1m5m
1600 I 100 hP2 P6sfmmc

W C

600

Y W e ~ g h t Percent Z t r c o n ~ u r n Zr
 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams/2*383

Yb-Zn J.T. Mason and P. Chiotti, 1968

Composition, Pearson Space
Phase wt% Zn symbol group

(Vbf 0 c12 Im3m

($Yb) 0 cF4 F ~ S ~
YbZn 27.4 cP2 PmSm
PYbZnz -42 to 43 ... ...
aYbZn, -42 to 4 3 0112 Imma
Yb3Zn11 -58.0 to 59.4 0128 Immm
Yb13Zn5~ -62.5 to 64.0 hP142 P63mc
Yb2Znl.i 76.3 ... ...
YbZn,l 80.3 t148 I4,lamd
(Zn) 100 hP2 P63/mmc
Other reported phases
Yb3Zn1.i 68 c1160 1m3
YbZn13 83.2 cF112 Fm3c

60
Welght P e r c e n t Zlnc
Section 3
Ternary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 3.3

Ternary Phase Diagrams....................................................................................................................... 3.5.58
Ternary References............................................................................................................................... 3059.60
List of Systems Included:

Ag-Au-Cu ...........3.5 AI-Fe-Si.......3.15.16 C-Cr-W.............3.27 CeMc-Ni ......... 3-41 Cu-SbSn .......... 3.52
Ag-Cd-Cu ........3.54 Al-Fe-Zn ...........3.16 CCu-Fe .......3-27-28 Cc-Ni-Ti ...........3-41 Cu-Sn-Zn ..........3.52
Ag-Cd-Zn ........3*6.7 AI-Mg-Mn ........ 3.17 C-Fe-Mn ......3.28.30 Cr-Fe-Mo..........3-42 Fe-Mn-Ni..........3-53
Ag-Cu-Zn ...........3.7 Al-Mg-Si .....3-17-18 C-Fe-Mo ......3-30-31 Cr-Pe-N ............3.43 Fe-Mc-Nb ....3053-54
Ag-PbSn .........3.7-8 A1-Mg-Zn....3-18-19 C-Fe-N.........3.3 1-32 Cr-Fe-Ni ...... 3943-44 Fe-MeNi .....3.54.55
AICr-Fe .............3.8 Al-Mn-Si ..........3.19 C-Fe-Ni ............3.32 Cr-Fe-W ...........3.45 Fe-Ni-W ...........3-55
AICr-Mg .........3.8.9 AI-Mc-Ni .........3.20 C-Fe-Si ........3-33-34 Cr-Mc-Ni .......... 3-45 Mo-Nb-Ti .........3.56
AlCr-Mn ............3.9 AI-Mc-Ti ..........3.20 C-Fe-V.............. 3-34 Cr-Mow ..........3.46 Mo-Ni-Ti ..........3.56
AlCr-Ni ............. 3.9 Al-Ni-Ti ......3.20-21 C-Fe-W............. 3-35 Cr-NbNi .....3.4647 Mo-Ni-W .......... 3-56
Al-Cr-Ti.............. 3.9 Al-Si-Zn ......3021-22 Cd-SbSn .....3.35.36 Cr-NbW .......... 3.47 Mo-Ti-W ..........3.57
Al-Cu-Fe .......3.9. 10 AI-Ti-V............. 3.22 Cc-Cr-Fe ..... 3-36-37 Cr.Ni.Ti .......3*47.48 Nb-Ti-W ...........3.57
AlCu-Mn ....3010-11 Au-Cu-Ni ....3-22-23 Co-Cr-Ni ..........3-37 Cr-Ni-W ........... 3.48 P b S b S n .....3.57-58
AICu-Ni .....3.11-12 BC-Fe .........3-23-24 CoCr-Ti ........... 3.38 Cr-Ti-W ............3-49 PbSn-Zn .......... 3.58
Al-Cu-Si ........... 3-12 C-Cr-Fe .......3-24-25 Cc-Cr-W ...........3-38 Cu-Fe-Ni ..... 3.49.50
AI-Cu-Zn .....3.12 .13 CCr-Mo ......3-25-26 Cc-Fe-Mo ....3-38-39 Cu-Ni-Sn ..........3-50
A1-Fe-Mn .....3.13. 14 CCr-N .............. 3-26 Cc-Fe-Ni .....3039-40 Cu-Ni-Zn .......... 3.5 1
Al-Fe-Ni ......3-14-15 C-Cr-V.........3.2627 Cc-Fe-W ...... 3.40-41 Cu-PbZn ..... 3.5 1-52
Introduction to Ternary Alloy Phase Diagrams

THE 80 TERNARY SYSTEMS covered in this or labeling, each author's diagram has been re- the temperature scale,which is shown in degrees
Section were selected for their commercial im- drawn, but shown as originally presented. There- Celsius. Celsius temperatures can be easily con-
portance from the thousands of systems sched- fore, the diagrams do not, in all instances, agree verted to degrees Fahrenheit using the table in the
uled for inclusion in the Handbook of Ternary with one another and with the binary diagrams Appendix. When an arrowhead appears on a tem-
Alloy Phase Diagrams, to be published by ASM published in this Volume.The reference source for perature trough line in a liquidus projection, it
in 1994. The 313 diagrams shown here were each diagram is identified by a code consisting of indicates the direction of decreasing temperature
chosen from the more than 12,000assembled for two numbers (indicating the year of publication) in the trough. Dashed lines are used to denote
that project. Wherever a recent compilation of followed by the first three letters of the first uncertain or speculative boundaries. Dotted lines
diagrams assessed under the International Pro- author's (or editor's) surname. The complete ci- indicate the limit of the investigated region.
gramme covered one of these systems, priority tation for each source code is listed at the end of The diagrams presented in this Section are for
was given to those evaluated diagrams in prefer- this Section. stable equilibrium conditions, with the exception
ence to older, unassessed work. The remaining Because this Handbook is designed to be used of metastable conditions for some diagrams in-
diagrams, although not yet assessed, were se- primarily by engineers to solve industrial prob- volving carbon and iron. These latter temary dia-
lected as the best available. lems, the composition scale is plotted in weight grams can be identified by the presence of Fe3C
When a single source covered a system, a set of ,percent. Conversions between weight and atomic on the Fe-C binary portion of the diagram. In
compatible diagrams was selected from it. For composition can be made using the standard some ternary diagrams involving carbon and iron,
some systems, however, diagrams from more atomic weights listed in the Appendix. For the the symbol M is used to represent both iron and
than one source were needed. Except for occa- sake of clarity, grid lines arenotsuperimposed on the other metallic element when the two metals
sional conversion of composition scale from the phase diagrams. However, tick marks are substitute for each other in a carbide phase-for
atomic to weight percent or change in orientation provided along the composition scales as well as example, M3C.
 Ternary Alloy Phase Diagramsl3.5

Ag-Au-Cu liquidus projection [9OPril Ag-Au-Cu isothermal section at 775 "C t90PriI

Au Au

W r ~ g h t Prrccnt rapper W e ~ g h tP e r c e n t Copper

Ag-Au-Cu isothermal section at 950 "C t90Pril Ag-Au-Cu isothermal section at 300 "C 190Pril

Au Au

Ag I0 20 30 10 50 60 70 80 90 CU Ag LO 20 30 10 50 60 70 80 SO CU
Welght P e r c e n t Copper W e ~ g h tP e r c e n t Copper

Ag-Au-Cu isothermal section at 850 "C [90Pri] Ag-Cd-Cu liquidus projection [88Pet]

Cu 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Ag
Weieht P e r c e n t Coppel W e ~ g h tP e r c e n t S l l v e r
3*6/Ternary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Ag-Cd-Cu isothermal section at 600 OC [88Petl Ag-Cd-Zn liqrridus projection with regions of primary crystal-
lization 188PetI

Cu lo 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Ag Ag I0 20 30 40 50 80 70 60 90 Zn
Weight P e r c e n t S ~ l v e r Welght P e r c e n t Z i l c

Ag-Cd-Cu isothermal section at 500 OC r88PetI Ag-Cd-Zn isothermal section at 600 OC [88Petl

Weight P e r c e n t Silver Weight P e r c e n t Zinc

Ag-Cd-Cu isothermal section at 300 OC [88Petl Ag-Cd-Zn isothermal section at 400 OC [88Pet]

cu la 20 30 40 50 80 70 80 90
Ag
Weight P e r c e n t Sllver Weight P e r c e n t Zinc
 Ternary Alloy Phase Diagrams1307

Ag-Cd-Zn isothermal section at 200 OC [88Pet] Ag-Cu-Zn isothermal section at 350 OC [88Pet]

Ag 10 20 30 40 50 80 70 A0 90 7.n Cu 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 A0 90 Ag
Wclght P e r c r n l Zinc Welght P e r c e n t Sllver

Ag-Cu-Zn liquidus projection [88Petl Ag-Pb-Sn [I 1Parl

-b-0 7 . 7 .----,- 4
8 10
1OAg9OPb Weight P p r c e n t Tln 9OPblOSn
Cu 10 20 30 40 50 80 70 80 90
A.R
Weight P e r c e n t S l l v e r

Ag-Cu-Zn isothermal section at 600 OC [88Petl Ag-Pb-Sn [ I 1Parl

......, ,,,..,.., ,---.-

LOO

Ag3Sn + (Pb) + (Sn)

50Ag50Pb
0
i
...'7--,.--7-.
m 20
, . .. ,.. . . . ,.
,

Welght P e r c e n t Tin
,

30
, , , ,

do
, , , , .-

50Pb50Sn
3*8/Ternary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Ag-Pb-Sn [I 1Par] Al-Cr-Fe isothermal section at 750 "C [88Ray]

100
Ag$n t (Pb) + (Sn)

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
9OAglOPb Weight Percent Tin IOPbBOSn
Fe 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 80 Al
Weight Percent Alumlnum

Al-Cr-Fe liquidus projection [88Ray] Al-Cr-Fe isothermal section at 600 "C [88Ray]

Weight Percent A l u m ~ n u m Weight Percent Aluminum

Al-Cr-Fe isothermal section at 900 OC [88Ray] Al-Cr-Mn isothermal section at 690 "C [73Wil]

A1 10 20 30 40
Welght Percent Aluminum Weight Percent Manganese
 Ternary Alloy Phase Diagramd3.9

Al-Cr-Mn isothermal section at 600 "C [73Will Al-Cr-Ni isothermal section at 1150 "C [870fol

Al I A1 10 20 30 40 50 80 70 80 90 N1
W e ~ g h tP e r c e n t Manganese W e ~ g h tP e r c e n t Nlckel

Al-Cr-Mn isothermal section at 550 OC [73Wil] Al-Cr-Ti isothermal section at 760 "C [56Zwil

W e ~ g h t P e r c e n t Manganesr W e ~ g h tP e r c e n t A l u m ~ n u r n

Al-Cr-Mn (Al) isothermal section at 550 "C [73Will Al-Cu-Fe liquidus projection [73Wil]

loo (Al) + MnAle

Ai Wrlght P e r c r n t Copper
301O/Ternary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Al-Cu-Fe solidus projection [73Wil] Al-Cu-Mn liquidus projection [73Wil]

Al
=
Welght P e r c e n t Coppel
(Al) + CuAlz

Welght P e r c e n t Copper

Al-Cu-Fe solvus projection [73Wil] Al-Cu-Mn solidus projection [73Wil]

Al Welght P e r c e n t Copper
Weight P e r c e n t Copp<,r

Al-Cu-Fe isothermal section at 600 "C [71Pre] A!-Cu-Mn solvus projection [73Wil]

LO 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 CU A1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
W e ~ g h tP e r c e n t Copper W e ~ g h tP e r c e n t Coppr,r
 Ternary Alloy Phase Diagrams/3all

Al-Cu-Mn isothermal section at 950 OC [66Kos] Al-Cu-Ni liquidus projection [73Wil]

M 11
Al

Al 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Cu Cu 10 20 30 40 50 80 70 80 90 NI
Welghl P e r c e n t C o p p e r Welght Percent Nlckel

Al-Cu-Mn isothermal section at 700 "C [66Kosl Al-Cu-Ni isothermal section at 900 "C [48Kos]

A1 I0 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 ('u Cu 10 20 :30 40 50 60 70 00 90 N1
W e ~ g h tP r r c e n t C o p p e r W ~ ~ g Ph rtr c e n t N l c k r l

Al-Cu-Mn isothermal section at 25 "C [66Kos] Al-Cu-Ni isothermal section at 700 "C [48Kos]
Mn

Al 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Cu Cu 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 N1
Welght Percenl Copper W e ~ g h tP e r c e n t N i c k e l
3.1 2/Ternary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Al-Cu-Ni isothermal section at 500 "C [73Wil] Al-Cu-Si isothermal section at 750 OC [48Wil]

Cu 10 20 30 40 50 80 70 80 90 Ni CU 2 1 6 H 10
Weight Percent Nlckel Weight Percent Aluminum

Al-Cu-Si liquidus projection [79Cha] Al-Cu-Si isothermal section at 400 OC [48Wil]

cu lo 20 30 10 50 80 70 80 90 Al CU 2 4 8 0 LO

Weight Percent Aluminum Welght Percent Alumlnum

Al-Cu-Si isothermal section at 955 OC [48Wil] Al-Cu-Zn liquidus projection [73Will

Cu

90

CU 2 4 8 8 LO
Weight Percent Aluminum Weight Percent Zinc
 Ternary Alloy Phase Diagrams/3@13

Al-Cu-Zn isothermal section at 700 "C [73Wil] Al-Cu-Zn isothermal section at 200 "C [73Wil]

. .
A1 lo 20 30 40 so 60 70 so 80 Zn
Weight P e r c e n t Zlnc We~ght P e r c e n t Zinc

Al-Cu-Zn isothermal section at 550 "C [73Wil] Al-Fe-Mn (Al) liquidus projection [88Ray]

AI la zo 30 ro so 60 70 80 90 Zn
Wekght P e r c e n t Z ~ n c

Al-Cu-Zn isothermal section at 350 "C [73Wil]

AI lo zo sa 40 so 60 70 so so Zn
Weight P e r c e n t Zlnc
1 4/Ternary Alloy Phase Diagrams
3
.

Al-Fe-Mn liquidus projection [88Ray] Al-Fe-Ni liquidus projection [88Ray]

Fe 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Mn
We~ght Percent Manganese Weight Percent A l u m m u m

Al-Fe-Mn isothermal section at 1000 OC [88Ray] Al-Fe-Ni (Al) liquidus projection [88Rayl

F~ lo 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Mn
Weight Percent Manganese

Al-Fe-Mn isothermal section at 600 "C [88Ray]

Weight Percent Aluminum

/
A A A A
\
10 20 30 40

Weight Percent Manganese

 Ternary Alloy Phase Diagramsl3.15

Al-Fe-Ni isothermal section at 1250 OC [88Ray] Al-Fe-Ni isothermal section at 600 OC [88Rayl
NI

Fe I0 20 30 40 50 80 70 80 90 A1 98 97 98 S9 A1
Welght P e r c e n t A l u m l n u m Welght P e r c e n t A l u m i n u m

Al-Fe-Ni isothermal section at 950 OC [88Rayl

Al-Fe-Si liquidus projection [88Rayl

Fe 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 A1
Welght P e r c e n t Aluminum

Al-Fe-Ni isothermal section at 750 "C [88Rayl

Fc 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 A1
Welght P e r c e n t A l u m l n u m

Fe 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 A1
Welght P e r c e n t A l u n l ~ n u m
3.1 6 T e r n a r y Alloy Phase Diagrams

Al-FeSi isothermal section at 1000 O C [88Rayl Al-Fe-Zn isothermal section at 700 O C [70Kos]
SI A1

We~ght Percent Aluminum We~ght Percent Zinc

Al-Fe-Si isothermal section at 550 OC [88Ray] Al-Fe-Zn isothermal section at 500 O C [70Kosl

Fe
Weight Percent Aluminum Weight Percent Zinc

Al-Fe-Si isothermal section at 450 OC [88Ray] Al-Fe-Zn isothermal section at 330 OC [70Kosl

+ @ Weight Percent Aluminum Al Weight Percent Zinc

 Ternary Alloy Phase Diagrams/3.17

Al-Mg-Mn liquidus projection [73Wil] Al-Mg-Mn isothermal section at 400 O C [73Will

A1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A1 10 20 30 40

W e ~ g h tPercent Magneslum Welght Percent Magnesium

Al-Mg-Mn isothermal section at 750 OC [88Siml Al-Mg-Si liquidus projection [73Wil]

Mg

A1 00 64 82 81 90 90 I.4 g Al lo 20 30 40 so 80 70 80 so Si
Welght Percent Magneslum We~ght Percent Sillcon

Al-Mg-Mn isothermal section at 670 "C [88Sim] Al-Mg-Si solidus projection [73Wil]

/
A A A A A A
2
A1 IUI MI 02 #.I W MI Mg Al I

Welght Percent Magnesium Welght Percent S ~ l l c o n

3.1 8/Ternary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Al-Mg-Si solvus projection [73Will Al-Mg-Zn liquidus projection [73Wil]

Mg

20

Weight P e r c e n t Silicon
Welght P e r c e n t Zlnc

Al-Mg-Si isothermal section at 800 OC [88Rokl Al-Mg-Zn solvus projection [73Wil]

Weight P e r c e n t Slllcon Weight P e r c e n t Zlnc

Al-Mg-Si isothermal section at 430 OC [88Rokl Al-Mg-Zn solidus projection [73Wil]

Al 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 I8
Weight P e r c e n t Silicon Weight P e r c e n t Zlnc
 Ternary Alloy Phase Diagrams/3@19

41-Mg-Zn isothermal section at 335 OC [73Will Al-Mn-Si solidus projection (73WiIII

Weight P e r c e n t Zinc W e ~ g h tf ' e r c e n t S l l ~ c o n

Al-Mg-Zn isothermal section at 20 OC [36Kosl Al-Mn-Si isothermal section at 800 O C [64Kus]

Mg Mn

20

W e ~ g h tP e r c e n t Z ~ n c Welght P r r c r n t S ~ i ~ c o r l

Al-Mn-Si liquidus projection [73Wil] Al-Mn-Si isothermal section at 460 OC [73WiI]

W e ~ g h tP e r c e n t S ~ l l c o n

-- .--.-.-- *" -.- . _ - .- .. . .-.

3020flernary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Al-Mo-Ni isothermal section at 1260 "C [84Mirl Al-Mo-Ti isothermal section at 925 "C [7OHanl
TI

Weight P e r c e n t Molybdenum Weight P e r c e n t A l u m i n u m

Al-Mo-Ni isothermal section at 1093 "C [84Mirl Al-Ni-Ti liquidus projection [85Nas]
Al Ni

Weight P e r c e n t Molybdenum Weight P e r c e n t A l u m i n u m

Al-Mo-Ni isothermal section at 927 "C [84Mirl Al-Ni-Ti isothermal section at 900 "C [85Nasl
Ni

TI 10 20 30 40 50 GO 70 80 90

Welght P e r c e n t Alurnlzlum
Weight P e r c e n t Molybdenum
 Ternary Alloy Phase Diagrams/3*21

Al-Ni-Ti isothermal section at 800 OC [73Marl Al-Si-Zn schematic liquidus projection

N1

W e ~ g h tP e r c e n t Zn
W e ~ g h tP e r c e n t A l u m m u m

Al-Ni-Ti isothermal section at 600 "C [850mal Al-Si-Zn isothermal section at 527 OC [86Mey]
N1

/// L + (SI) \ so

W e ~ g h tP e r c e n t A l u m l n u m W e ~ g h tP e r c e n t S ~ l l c o n

Al-Si-Zn liquidus projection [86Mey] Al-Si-Zn isothermal section at 357 OC [86Mey]

Zn

Al 10 20 30 40 50 80 70 80 90 Sl
W e ~ g h tP e r c e n t S l l ~ c o n Welght P e r c e n t S ~ l l c o n
3a22/Ternary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Al-Si-Zn isothermal section at 307 OC [86Meyl AI-Ti-V isothermal section at 980 "C [56Zwil
Zn Ti

A1 LO 20 30 40 SO 60 70 80 90

Weight P e r c e n t Silicon Welght P e r c e n t A l u m i n u m

AI-Ti-V isothermal section at 1400 OC [61Farl AI-Ti-V isothermal section at 900 OC [61Farl
TI

Weight P e r c e n t A l u m i n u m Weight P e r c e n t A l u m ~ n u m

AI-Ti-V isothermal section at 1200 OC [61Farl Au-Cu-Ni liquidus projection [90Pril

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Cu
W e ~ g h tP e r c e n t Aluminum Weight P e r c e n t Copper
 Ternary A l l o y Phase Diagrams/3*23

Au-Cu-Ni boundaries of solid-state miscibility gap [90Pri] B-C-Fe liquidus projection [63Sta]
Ni

Weight Percent Copper Weight P e r c e n t Boron

The open circles represent the compositions at which the gap closes.

Au-Cu-Ni boundary of miscibility gap at 400 OC, with tie lines B-C-Fe isothermal section at 1000 OC [73Bre]
[90Pri]
NI

Fe 1 2 3 4 5 8 7 8 9

W e ~ g h tP e r c e n t Boron

Au-Cu-Ni boundary of miscibility gap at 700 OC, with tie lines 6-C-Fe isothermal section at 900 OC [73Bre]
[90Pri] N1

Fe 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0
Weight P e r c r n t C o p p e r Weight P e r c e n t Horon
3*24/Ternary Alloy Phase Diagrams

B-C-Fe isothermal section at 800 "C 173Brel C-Cr-Fe isothermal section at 1000 "C 188RayI

Fe 1 2 3 4 5 8 7 8 8 8 Weight Percent Carbon

Weight Percent Boron

B-C-Fe isothermal section at 700 OC 173BreI C-Cr-Fe isothermal section at 870 OC 188RayI

Fe 1 2 3 4 5 s 7 8 8 8

Weight Percent Boron

C-Cr-Fe liquidus projection [88Rayl

Weight Percent Carbon

i e I 2 3 / 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1112 1314
12W C Wc~ghtPercent Carbon
 Ternary Alloy Phase Diagrams/3.25

C-Cr-Fe isothermal section at 700 "C [88Rayl C-Cr-Fe isothermal section at 900 O C [88Rayl

F c 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Weight Percent Carbon

Fe 0.5 1 .O 1.5
Weight Percent Carbon

C-Cr-Fe (Fe) isothermal section at 1100 OC [88Ray]

Fe 0.5 I .O 1.5 Mo 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 ('r

Weight Percent Carbon W e ~ g h tP e r c e n t Chromium
3026Dernary Alloy Phase Diagrams

C-Cr-Mo isothermal section at 1350 OC [65Kuz] C-Cr-N isothermal section at 1400 OC [73Bre]
C

81

W e ~ g h tP e r c e n t C h r o r n ~ u m Weight P e r c e n t Carbon
Nitrogen pressure: -3 MPa.

C-Cr-N isothermal section at 1400 "C [73Brel C-Cr-N isothermal section at 1100 "C [73Bre]

W e ~ g h tP e r c e n t C a r b o n

Nitrogen pressure: SO.1 MPa. Nitrogen pressure: 0.2 to 3 MPa.

C-Cr-N isothermal section at 1100 OC [73Bre] C-Cr-V liquidus projection [66Kie]

Weight P e r c e n t Carbon
Nitrogen pressure: SO.l MPa.
 Ternary Alloy Phase Diagrams13027

C-Cr-V isothermal section at 1350 "C t66Kiel C-Cu-Fe liquidus projection [88Rayl
c

Fc 05 10 I S 20 25 3.0 3.5 40 45 50

Weight Percent Carbon

C-Cr-W isothermal section at 1600 "C [86Erel

Fe 1 2 3 4 5 6
Weight Percent Carbon

C-Cr-W isothermal section at 1350 "C [64Stel C-Cu-Fe isothermal section at 1050 "C [88Rayl
I
( Y W + (Cu) I
/ ---
Y e ) +U )+ ( ) (YFe) + (C)

Fe 0.5 1 .0 1.5 2.0

Weight Percent Carbon
3028Dernary Alloy Phase Diagrams

C-Cu-Fe isothermal section at 925 "C 188RayI C-Fe-Mn liquidus projection [88Ray]

*8

Weight Percent Carbon

C-Cu-Fe isothermal section at 850 "C [88Ray]

Fe I 2 3 4 , 5 6 7 8

Weight Percent Carbon

Weight Percent Carbon

C-Cu-Fe schematic isothermal section at 850 OC [88Ray] C-Fe-Mn isothermal section at 1100 "C [73Benl
Mn

a Carbon 4
Weight Percent Carbon
 Ternary Alloy Phase Diagrams/3.29

C-Fe-Mn isothermal section at 1000 OC [73Ben] C-Fe-Mn isothermal section at 600 "C t73BenI
Mn Mn

Fe 10 20 30 10 50 60 70 80 90 C
W e ~ g h t P e r c e n t Carbon

C-Fe-Mn isothermal section at 900 "C [73Benl

2.57. manganese

A A A A A A A Fe Weight P e r c e n t C a r b o n
Fp lo 20 30 10 50 60 70 80 90 C
Welght P e r c e n t C a r b o n

C-Fe-Mn isothermal section at 800 OC [73Ben]

110" . . . . . ., . . .
!
; 4.5% manganese

lnon

900

Y + M3C

(aFe) + y + M3C

(aFe) + M3C f

Fe 10 20 30 40 So 60 70 80 90 C
W e ~ g h tP e r c e n t C a r b o n
3*30/Ternary Alloy Phase Diagrams

C-Fe-Mn [73Bre] C-Fe-Mo isothermal section at 1000 "C [88Ray]

1 13% manganese

We) + y + M3C

Fe 1 2 3 4 5 6 r 7
M3C
Fc We~ght P e r c e n t C a r b o n Weight Percent Carbon

C-Fe-Mo (Fe) isothermal section at 1000 O C [88Ray]

Weight Percent Carbon

C-Fe-Mo liquidus projection [88Ray]

C-Fe-Mo isothermal section at 700 OC (calculated) [88Ray]

'2

Weight Percent Carbon

Weight Percent Carbon
 Ternary Alloy Phase Diagrams/3.31

C-Fe-Mo (Fe) isothermal section at 700 "C [Ray] C-Fe-N isothermal section at 600 "C [87Ragl

.(Mn)

Fe I 2 3 4 5 6 7

We~ghtPercent Carbon

W e ~ g h tP e r c e n t N ~ t r o g e n

C-Fe-N isothermal section at 575 "C [87Ragl

9, /A/

Weight Percent Carbon

C-Fe-N isothermal section at 700 "C [87Ragl C-Fe-N isothermal section at 565 "C [87Rag]

Wclght P e r c e n t N i t r o g e n
3034nernary Alloy Phase Diagrams

C-Fe-Si isothermal section at 900 "C (metastable equilibrium) C-Fe-V isothermal section at 1100 "C [87Ragl
186Ragl

.
v c , . + V,C ,

(ow
(aFc) + V,C +o
/ Wctght Percent Vanadium

Fe W e ~ g h tP r r c e n t S ~ l l c o n

C-Fe-Si isothermal section at 800 "C (metastable equilibrium) C-Fe-V isothermal section at 1000 "C 187RagI
186Ragl

Fe W e ~ g h tP e r c e n t S ~ l l c o n
Weight Percent Vanadium

C-Fe-V liquidus projection [87Ragl C-Fe-V isothermal section at 500 "C 187RagI

\ I S
W c ) + n ( = ~ c )+ + W w h t Percent Vanadium
ISWT 14009: 14150C Weight Percent Vanadium
 Ternary Alloy Phase Diagrams/SeSI

C-Fe-Mo (Fe) isothermal section at 700 OC [Ray] C-Fe-N isothermal section at 600 OC [87Ragl

,(Mo)

Fe I 2 3 4 5 6 7

Weight Percent Carbon

W e ~ g h tP e r c e n t N ~ t r o g e n

C-Fe-N isothermal section at 575 OC [87Ragl

W e ~ g h tP r r c r n t N ~ t r o g e n
Weight Percent Carbon

C-Fe-N isothermal section at 700 OC [87Ragl C-Fe-N isothermal section at 565 OC [87Ragl

Fr 1 2 3 4 5 8 7 8 9
Welghl P r r c e i ~ tNitrogen W e ~ g h lP e r c e n t N ~ t r o g c n

. -
3*32/Ternary Alloy Phase Diagrams

C-Fe-N isothermal section at 500 OC [87Ragl C-Fe-Ni solidus projection [88Ray]

Fe 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

W e ~ g h tP e r c e n t N l t r o g e n

C-Fe-Ni liquidus projection [88Ray]

Fe 0.5 1 .O 1.5 2.0 2.5

1493 "C
Weight Percent Carbon

C-Fe-Wi y ~ e /(yFe + C ) boundary at 800 and 1000 OC [88Ray]

1493.0~ 1153°C
Weight Percent Carbon

Weight Percent Carbon

Note that at 800 OC the (aFe) phase will also appear at low Ni contents.
 Ternary Alloy Phase Diagrams/3.33

C-Fe-Si liquidus projection (stable equilibrium) [86Ragl C-Fe-Si isothermal section at 1150 "C (stable equilibrium) 186RagI

,---I----,. T

I a1 + c + (C)
!

Fe Weight P e r c e n t Sllicon F r, Weight P r r c c n t S l l l c o n

C-Fe-Si liquidus projection (metastable equilibrium) [86Rag] C-Fe-Si isothermal section at 1100 OC (metastable equilibrium)
[86Rag]

C-Fe-Si isothermal section at 1300 OC (stable equilibrium) [86Ragl C-Fe-Si isothermal section at 1000 OC (stable equilibrium) [86Rag]

, .. r . . . ........... . , . - . --- . , . .

L5
' I (YF~+
) (C) I al + c + (c)
1
I
3034Dernary Alloy Phase Diagrams

C-Fe-Si isothermal section at 900 OC (metastable equilibrium) C-Fe-V isothermal section at 1100 "C [87Rag]
[86Ragl

(ape)
/Weight Percent Vanadium
IaFe) + V,C +

C-Fe-Si isothermal section at 800 OC (metastable equilibrium) C-Fe-V isothermal section at 1000 OC [87Rag]
[86Ragl

(aye) + Fe3C + r

Fe Welght P e r c e n t S ~ l ~ c o n
Weight Percent Vanadium

C-Fe-V liquidus projection [87Rag] C-Fe-V isothermal section at 500 OC [87Rag]

F e \ 1 0 \ 2 0 \ 3 0 40 SO 60 70 80 90 V
ISmT I4lST Weight Percent Vanadium
 Ternary Alloy Phase Diagramd3.35

C-Fe-W liquidus projection [88Ray] C-Fe-W isothermal section at 1000 OC 188RayI

Fe I 2 3 4 5 6 7 Fe I 2 3 4 5 6 7
Weight Percent Carbon Weight Percent Carbon

C-Fe-W isothermal section at 1250 "C [88Rayl C-Fe-W (Fe) isothermal section at 1000 "C [88Rayl
3 $+ (
(aFe)

Fe \ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Me) Weight Percent Carbon

Fe 0.5 1 .O 1.5
Weight Percent Carbon

C-Fe-W (Fe) isothermal section at 1250 OC 188RayI Cd-Sb-Sn liquidus projection [73Pel]

(W) + Fe,W,C + FeWIC

Fe,W,C + Fe,W,C

Weight Percent Cadmium

aFe + Fe,W,C + Fe,W,C

(uFe) + WC + Fe,W,C
aFe + Fe,W, + Fe,W,C

Weieht Percent Carbon

 3*36/Ternary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Cd-Sb-Sn isothermal section at 212 OC [73Pel] Cd-Sb-Sn [73Pel]

250
SbSn + L

W e ~ g h t P e r c e n t Cadmium

Cd-Sb-Sn isothermal section at 175 OC [73Pel]

.,""", "

(Cd) + L
10O.C
C

B + (Cd) + CdSb

125
0
Sn
5 LO 15 20
(BSn) + (Cd) + CdSb

25
-- - - I0
Welght P e r c e n t C a d m ~ u m
35 40 45 i
Weight P e r c e n t Cadmium

Cd-Sb-Sn isothermal section at 20 OC [73Pel] Co-Cr-Fe liquidus projection [88Ray]

Cr

Weight P e r c e n t Cadmium Welght Percent Cobal

 Ternary Alloy Phase Diagrams/3.37

Co-Cr-Fe solidus projection t88Rayl Co-Cr-Fe isothermal section at 800 OC t88RayI

Lr

00

Co-Cr-Fe isothermal section at 1200 OC 188RayI Co-Cr-Fe isothermal section at 600 OC [88Rayl
Cr

Wcight Prrcrnt C o b a l t

Co-Cr-Fe isothermal section at 1000 OC [88Ray] Co-Cr-Ni isothermal section at 1200 OC [81Zha]
Ca
 3038Dernary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Co-Cr-Ti liquidus projection [62Zak] Co-Cr-W isothermal section at 1350 "C I73Dral
W

I0 Am

Co I0 20 30 40 50 60 70 GO 90 Cr
W ~ l g h tPercent T ~ t a n l u r ~ r Welght P e r c e n t C h r o n ~ ~ u r n

Co-Cr-Ti solidus projection [62Zak] Co-Cr-W isothermal section at 700 "C [73Dra]

CO 10 20 30 40 50

Weight P e r c e n t T ~ t a n i u m Weight P e r c e n t C h r o n ~ l u m

Co-Cr-Ti isothermal section at 1050 "C [58Liv] Co-Fe-Mo liquidus projection [88Ray]
Mo

Welght P e r c e n t T ~ t a n ~ u m Welght P e r c e n t Cobalt

 Ternary Alloy Phase Diagrams/3*39

Co-Fe-Mo isothermal section at 1300 OC [88Rayl Co-Fe-Mo isothermal section at 800 "C [88Rayl
Mc

Co-Fe-Mo isothermal section at 1093 OC [88Rayl Co-Fe-Mo isothermal section at 20 OC [88Rayl

W r ~ g t ! t Pvrcent Cobalt

Co-Fe-Mo isothermal section at 982 OC [88Rayl Co-Fe-Ni liquidus projection [88Ray]

Co

20

70
(aFe) + g ,$
,Y
80

,,,
,
,,,,
,,,,
90
(aFe) ---.----
'-"- ..................... --------
(yFe,aCo) We)
- A . = A

Fe 1 0 20 30 40 50 ti0 70 ti0 90 Nl
Welght Percent Nickel
 3*40/Ternary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Co-Fe-Ni solidus projection [88Ray] Co-Fe-W liquidus and solidus projections [88Ray]
W

Weight P e r c e n t Nickel Weight P e r c e n t I r o n

Co-Fe-Ni isothermal section at 800 OC [88Ray] Co-Fe-W isothermal section at 1200 OC [88Ray]
Co w

Fe 10 20 30 10 50 80 70 80 m N1 Fe 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Co
Weight P e r c e n t N ~ c k e l W c ~ g h tP e r c e n t Cobalt

Co-Fe-Ni isothermal section at 600 OC [88Ray] Co-Fe-W isothermal section at 1000 OC [88Rayl
W

20

Fe 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Ni Fe 10 20 30 40 50 60 0 80 90 Ca
Weight P e r c e n t N ~ c k e l W e ~ g h tP e r c e n t Cobalt
 Ternary Alloy Phase Diagrams/3*41

Co-Fe-W isothermal section at 800 OC [88Ray] Co-Mo-Ni isothermal section at 1100 "C [80Loo]
Mo

y, 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 co NI In zo so 40 so fin 70 HO 90 Co
Welght P r r c e n t Cobalt W e ~ g h tPercent Cobcilt

Co-Mo-Ni liquidus projection [84Gup] Co-Ni-Ti isothermal section at 1000 OC [83Gry]

Mo

Ni I0 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 CO
Welght P e r c e n t C o b a l t

Co-Mo-Ni isothermal section at 1200 OC [52Das] Co-Ni-Ti isothermal section at 800 OC [80Gry]
Mo

- -vApK--Ap
(aCo,Ni)
PA-- ,
A
N1 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Co
Welght P e r c e n t Cobalt
3042nernary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Cr-Fe-Mo liquidus projection [88Ray] Cr-Fe-Mo isothermal section at 815 OC [88Ray]

Fe+%A

Fe 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 60 90 Cr Fe 10 20 30 40 50
Weight Percent Chromium Weight Percent Chromlum

Cr-Fe-Mo isothermal section at 1250 OC [88Rayl Cr-Fe-Mo [88Ray]

&(7%
z:-
A A A A
a
A
= (aFe,Cr.Ma)
, , , , A A
5
We~ght Percent Molybdenum
4
Fe 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Cr
Weight Percent Chromium

Cr-Fe-Mo isothermal section at 1100 OC [88Ray] Cr-Fe-Mo [88Rayl

Mo

500-1 .
0
..........................
1 2 3 , ,, , -T---f
Fe 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Cr Welght Percent Molybdenum
W e ~ g h t Percent C h r o m ~ u m
 Ternary Alloy Phase Diagramsl3.43

Cr-Fe-N liquidus projection 187RagI Cr-Fe-N isothermal section at 700 OC 187Ragl

OE
2 (aFe) + (7Fe) + CrN
E (yFe) + CrN
3 !XI IrFe) + r + CrN I

Weight Percent Chromium

W e ) + (7Fd Weight Percent Chromium

Cr-Fe-N isothermal section at 1200 OC [87Rag] Cr-Fe-N isothermal section at 567 OC [87Rag]

CrN
+ CrN

' 10 20 30 40 o 50 60 70 SO(nFe)90
(uFc)
Wetght Percent Chrornlurn
I0 20 30 40 50

Weight Percent Chromium

Cr-Fe-N isothermal section at 1000 "C 187Ragl Cr-Fe-Ni liquidus projection [88Ray]
Cr

5 10 1s 20
Weight Percent Chromium

Fe 10 3 2 0 30 10 50 60 70 80 90
NI
Weight Percent N ~ c k e l
3044nernary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Cr-Fe-Ni solidus projection [88Ray] Cr-Fe-Ni isothermal section at 900 OC [88Ray]

Cr Cr

Fe 10 20 30 40 50 eo 70 80 90
NI
Weight Percent Nickel Weight Percent Nickel
Note: a = (aFe,Cr); y = (yFe,Ni)
Cr-Fe-Ni isothermal section at 1300 OC [88Ray] Cr-Fe-Ni isothermal section at 800 OC 188RayI
Cr Cr

Fe I0 20 30 40 50 80 70 80 80 Ni Fe lo 20 30 40 50 80 70 80 90 < N ,
Weight Percent N ~ c k e l Welght Percent Nlckt.1
Note: a = (aFe,Cr); y = (yFe,Ni) Note: a = (aFe,Cr); y = (yFe,Ni)

Cr-Fe-Ni isothermal section at 1000 OC 188RayI Cr-Fe-Ni isothermal section at 650 OC 188RayI
Cr

Weight Percent Nickel Weight Percent Nickel

Note: a = (aFe,Cr); y = (yFe,Ni) Note: a = (aFe,Cr); y = (yFe,Ni)
 Ternary Alloy Phase Diagrams13045

Cr-Fe-W isothermal section at 1200 OC [88Rayl Cr-Mo-Ni isothermal section at 1250 OC r90GupI
W M0

a = (aFe.Cr)

h ' n A A n A A
('r
Wright P r r v e n l C h r o r n ~ u m

Cr-Fe-W isothermal section at 600 OC [88Ray] Cr-Mo-Ni isothermal section at 1200 "C [90Gup]
W M r,

Weight P e r c e n t C h r o r n ~ u m W r ~ g h t l'rt c v n i ( ' l i r o m i u ~ r i

Cr-Mo-Ni liquidus projection [9OGup] Cr-Mo-Ni isothermal section at 600 OC [90Gup]

Mn Mo
3046Dernary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Cr-Mo-W isothermal section at 2227 OC 175KauI Cr-Nb-Ni liquidus projection [90Gup]

Nb

Welght P e r c e n t C h r o r n ~ u r n Welght P e r c e n t C h r o n ~ ~ u m

Cr-Mo-W isothermal section at 1300 OC 175KauI Cr-Nb-Ni isothermal section at 1200 OC [90Gupl
Mo

w LO 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Cr
Welght P e r c e n t C h r o m l u m Welght P e r c e n t C h r o n ? ~ u m

Cr-Mo-W isothermal section at 1000 OC 175KauI Cr-Nb-Ni isothermal section at 1175 OC [90Gup]

Welght P e r c e n t C h r o m l u m Weight P e r c e n t C h r o m i u m
 Ternary Alloy Phase Diagrams/3.47

Cr-Nb-Ni isothermal section at 1100 "C [9OGupl Cr-Ni-Ti liquidus projection [90Gup]
'1'1

Cr-Nb-W isothermal section at 1500 "C [61Engl Cr-Ni-Ti isothermal section at 1352 "C [74Kau]
T1

Cr-Nb-W isothermal section at 1000 "C 161Engl Cr-Ni-Ti isothermal section at 1277 "C [74Kau]
'1.1

W 10 70 30 40 50 60 70 60 90 I

Welghl P e r c e n t C h r o r n ~ u n r
3048nernary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Cr-Ni-Ti isothermal section at 1027 OC [74Kaul Cr-Ni-W isothermal section at 1000 "C [90Gup]
TI W

W e ~ g h t P e r c e n t Chrornkum Weight P e r c e n t C h r o r n ~ u m

Cr-Ni-W liquidus projection [90Gup] Cr-Ni-W isothermal section at 900 "C [90Gupl
W

~i lo 20 30 40 so 60 70 60 so Cr ~i 10 20 30 40 so 60 70 80 so Cr
Welght P e r c e n t C h r o m i u m Weight P e r c e n t C h r o m i u m

Cr-Ni-W isothermal section at 1250 "C [90Gup] Cr-Ni-W isothermal section at 800 "C [990Gup]

Ni I0 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Cr
W e ~ g h tP e r c e n t C h r o m i u m We~ghtPercent Chromium
 Ternary Alloy Phase Diagramsl3.49

Cr-Ti-W isothermal section at 800 OC [58Bagl Cu-Fe-Ni liquidus projection [90Cup]

Fe

NI 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Cu
We~ghL P e r c e n t Copper

Cr-Ti-W isothermal section at 750 OC [58Bag] Cu-Fe-Ni miscibility gap [90Cup]

'r l Fe

W r ~ g h l P ~ r c c r l l' S u n g s t r n W e ~ g h t P e r c e n t Coppel

Cr-Ti-W isothermal section at 600 OC [58Bag] Cu-Fe-Ni isothermal section at 400 OC [90Cup]
'I I Fe

NI 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

W r ~ g h tP r r r ~ r ~Copper
t
3050Dernary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Cu-Fe-Ni isothermal section at 20 OC [9OGup] Cu-Ni-Sn solidus projection [9OGupl

Fe

W e ~ g h t P e r c e n t Copper Welght P c r c c n t C0ppt.r

Cu-Fe-Ni [9OGupl Cu-Ni-Sn isothermal section at 700 OC [9OGup]

Weight P e r c e n t N ~ c k e l Ni
Weight Percprlt C0ppi.1

Cu-Ni-Sn liquidus projection [90Gup] Cu-Ni-Sn isothermal section at 550 OC POGupl

 Ternary Alloy Phase Diagrams/3*51

Cu-Ni-Zn liquidus projection [79Cha] Cu-Ni-Zn isothermal section at 20 OC [73Lev]

Cu-Ni-Zn isothermal section at 775 OC [79Cha] Cu-Pb-Zn liquidus projection [79Cha]

Cu-Ni-Zn isothermal section at 650 OC [73Lev] Cu-Pb-Zn (Pb) liquidus projection [79Chal
%n
3052Dernary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Cu-Pb-Zn isothermal section at 25 "C 129BauI Cu-Sb-Sn phases present at temperatures below the reactions in the
solid state [73Bla]
Zn Cu

cu lo ea 30 40 50 00 70 80 90 Pb
W e ~ g h tP e r c e n t Lead

Cu-Sb-Sn liquidus projection [73Bla] Cu-Sn-Zn liquidus projection [73Smi]

10 20 30
Welght P e r c c n l A n t ~ r n o n y Weight P e r c e n t Tlo

Cu-Sb-Sn (Sn) liquidus projection [73Bla] Cu-Sn-Zn isothermal section at 500 "C [73Smi]
Cu

Weight Percent Antimony

Zn 10 20 30 40 50 GO 70 DO

W e ~ g h tP e r c e n t T I I ,
 Ternary Alloy Phase Diagrams/3.53

Fe-Mn-Ni liquidus projection [88Ray] Fe-Mn-Ni isothermal section at 650 "C [89Har]
N,

Fe 5 10 15
Weight Percent Manganese
W e ~ g h t P e r c e n t Manganese

Fe-Mn-Ni isothermal section at 850 "C [89Har] Fe-Mn-Ni isothermal section at 550 "C [89Har]

Fe 5 10 15 20
Weight Percent Manganese Weight Percent Manganese

Fe-Mn-Ni isothermal section at 750 OC [89Harl Fe-Mo-Nb isothermal section at 1250 "C [89Har]

Fe I 2 3 4 5
Weight Percent Manganese
3*54/Ternary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Fe-Mo-Nb isothermal section at 1150 OC 189Harl Fe-Mo-Nb isothermal section at 900 OC [87Smi]

Fe Weight P e r c e n t Niobium

Fe-Mo-Nb isothermal section at 1050 "C [89Har] Fe-Mo-Ni liquidus projection [34Kos]
Mo

01 . . . . . . . . , . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
0 05 1 I5 2 25
Fe Weight P e r c e n t Niobium Fe 10 20 30 10 50 60 70 80 90 N1
Weight P e r c e n t N1cke.l

Fe-Mo-Nb isothermal section at 950 OC [89Har] Fe-Mo-Ni isothermal section at 1200 OC [52Dasl

Fe Weight P e r c c n t Nloblurn

Weight P e r c e n t N ~ c k r l
 Ternary Alloy Phase Diagrams/3*55

Fe-Mo-Ni isothermal section at 1100 "C [88Rayl Fe-Ni-W isothermal section at 1465 "C [88Ray]
Mo W

Fe 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 NI Fe 10 20 30 40 SO 60 70 80 90 NI
W e ~ g h tP e r c e n t N ~ c k e l W e ~ g h tP e r c e n t Nlckel

Fe-Ni-W liquidus and solidus projections [88Ray] Fe-Ni-W isothermal section at 1455 "C [88Rayl
W

Fe-Ni-W isothermal section at 1500 O C [88Ray] Fe-Ni-W isothermal section at 1400 "C [88Ray]
3*56/Ternary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Mo-Nb-Ti isothermal section at 1100 "C [58Korl Mo-Ni-Ti isothermal section at 900 O C [84Ere]

Mo 10 20 30 40 50 80 70 80 90 Nb TI 10 20 30 10 50 80 70 80 90 M0
Weight P e r c e n t Nioblurn Weight P e r c e n t M o l y b d r ~ n u m

Mo-Nb-Ti isothermal section at 600 "C [58Kor] Mo-Ni-W isothermal section at 1000 "C [8OMasl

Mo
so I0 20 30 40
(Mom)

50 80 70

Welght P e r c e n t N ~ o b ~ u m

Mo-Ni-Ti isothermal section at 1200 "C [86Pri]

80 90 Nb W
90

10
A
20
A
30
A
(M0,W)

40
A
50
A
:
I

I
8

::
60

Weight P e r c e n t Molybdenum

Mo-Ni-W isothermal section at 700 "C [85Mes]

I
:M o N i +
, ,II

A
,
,
,

70
A
80
(Yo,W)

A
90
A
10

MoNi + (Mo.W)

Ti 10 20 30 40 50 80 70 80 00 MO W 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Mo
Weight P e r c e n t Molybdenum W e ~ g h tP e r c e n t Molybdrnum
 Ternary Alloy Phase Diagrams/3*57

Mo-Ti-W isothermal section at 2227 "C [75Kaul Nb-Ti-W isothermal section at 600 "C [77Lev]

Wright P e r c e n t T u n g s t e n

Mo-Ti-W isothermal section at 1000 "C 175KauI Pb-Sb-Sn liquidus projection [73Bre]
Sb

I'h
WrlghL P e r c e n t l ' u n g q t r n WelghI 1'r.l-cent 'Tin

Nb-Ti-W isothermal section at 1000 OC [75Kau] Pb-Sb-Sn isothermal section at 240 "C [850sa]
I I Sb
3*58/Ternary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Pb-Sb-Sn (Pb) liquidus projection 173BreI Pb-Sb-Sn [850sal

90% Pb 10% S n Wright P c r r e n t A n t l r n a n y

Pb-Sn-Zn liquidus projection [Sl Lin]

Weight Percent Tin Sn

Zn lo 20 30 40 50 GO 70 80 90 I'h
Weight P e r c e n t Lend

Pb-Sb-Sn isothermal section at 189 "C [850sa] Pb-Sn-Zn isothermal section at 532 "C [67Pta]
Sb

(Pb) + SbSn + (Sn)

W e ~ g h tP e r c e n t Tin Weight P ~ r c e n tLead

 3059Dernary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Ternary System References

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89- 108 61Far: P. Farrar and H. Margolin, "The Tita- 73Bre: L. Brewer and S.-G. Chang, Metal-
29Bau: 0 . Bauer and M. Hansen, "Der Einfluss nium Rich Region of the Titanium-Alu- lography, Structures and Phase Diagrams,
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28, 1936, p 363-367 Temare Phase Fez3C3B3 im Dreistoffsystem and Phase Diagrams, Vol 8, Metals Hand-
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"Mikroskopische und rontgenographische 17, 1 9 6 3 , 412-414
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48WiI: F.H. Wilson, "The Copper-Rich Comer 64Ste: I? Stecher, F. Benesovsky, and H. and Titanium-Copper-Aluminium," Met. Al-
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schung von Vierstoffsystemen Dargestellt am 65Kuz: Yu.B. Kuz'ma and T.F. Fedorov, "Phase Metallography, Structures and Phase Dia-
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56Zwi: U. Zwicker, "Die Systeme Titan-Alu- iiberden Einsatz von Vanadin- und Chromcar- Society for Metals, Metals Park, OH 1973
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. --.---. .-
3@6O/TernaryAlloy Phase Diagrams

tions in the Systems Fe-Ni-Mo, Fe-Co-Mo 85Nas: P. Nash and W.W. Liang, Phase Equili- System at 1423 K," Scand. J. Metall., Vol 16,
and Ni-Co-Mo at 1100 T,"J. Less-Common bria in the Ni-Al-Ti System at 1173 K," Met- 1987, p 184-188
Met., Vol72,1980, p 225-230 all. Trans. A, Vol 16,1985, p 319-322 87Rag: V. Raghavan, Phase Diagrams of Ter-
8OMas: S.B. Maslenkov and E.A. Nikandrova, 850ma: A.K. Omarov, S.V. Sejtzhanov, and nary Iron Alloys, The Indian Institute of Met-
"Examination of the Ni-Mo-W Phase Dia- A.I. Idirisov, "Isothermal Sections of the Ter- als, Calcutta, India, (No. l), 1987
gram," Russ. Metall., Tr: Izv. Akad. Nauk nary System Al-Ni-Ti for the Temperature 87Smi: S.V. Smirnova, L.L. Meshkov, and O.N.
SSSR, Met., (No. 2), 1980, p 184-187 Range 1150-600O C , " Izv. Akad. Nauk Kazakh. Kosolapova, "Physicochemical Interaction
81Zha: Jin Zhanpeng, "A Study of the Range SSSR, Khim, (No. I), 1985, p 36-42 and Magnetic Properties on the Phases in the
of Stability of sigma Phase in Some Ternary 850sa: K. Osamura, "The Pb-Sb-Sn (Lead-An- Iron-Molybdenum-Niobium System," Mos-
Systems," Scand. J. Metall., Vol 10, 1981, p timony-Tin) System," Bull. Alloy Phase Dia- cow Univ. Chem. Bull., Tr: Vest. Mosk. Univ.
279-287 grams, Vo16 (No. 4), 1985, p 372-379 Khim., Vo142 (No. I), 1987, p 84-87
83Gry: V.I. Gryzunov, G.V. Shcherbedinskiy, 86Ere: V.N. Eremenko, T.Ja. Velikanova, and 88Pet: G. Petzow and G. Effenberg, Ternary
Ye.M. Sokolovskaya,B.K. Aytbayev, and A.S. A.A. Bondar, "The Ternary Phase Diagram Alloys, VCH Verlagsgesellschaft, Weinheim,
Sagyndykov, "Kinetics of Phase Growth Dur- Cr-W-C System," Dop. Akad. Nauk Ukr.RSR, Germany, Vol 1, 1988
ing Mutual Diffusion in Temary Multiphase A, Fiz.- Mat. Tekh., Vol48 (No. ll), 1986, p 88Ray: G.V. Raynor and V.G. Rivlin, Phase
Metallic Systems," Phys. Met. Metallogr.; 74-78 Equilibria in Iron Ternary Alloys, The Insti-
TR: Fiz. Met. Metalloved., Vol 56 (No. I), 86Mey: S.a. Mey and K. Hack, "A Therrno- tute of Metals, London, (No. 4), 1988
1983, p 183-186 chemical Evaluation of the Silicon-Zinc,Alu- 88Rok: L.L. Rokhlin and A.G. Pepelyan,
84Ere: V.N. Eremenko, L.A. Tret 'yachenko, minum-Silicon, and Aluminum-Silicon-Zinc "Phase Equilibria in the Mg-Rich Region of
S.B. Prima, and E.L. Semenova,"Constitution Systems," Z. Metallkd., Vol77 (No. 7), 1986, the Mg-Al-Si System," Russ. Metall., Tr: Izv.
Diagrams of Titanium-Nickel-Groups IV-VIII p 454-459 Akad. Nauk SSSR, Met., (No. 6), 1988, p
Transition Metal Systems," Sov. Powder Met- 86Pri: S.B. Prima, L.A. Tret'yachenko, and 172-174
all. Met. Ceram.;TR: Poroshk. Metall. Kiev, V.N. Eremenko, "Investigation of Phase 88Sim: C.J. Simensen,B.C. Oberliinder, J. Sva-
Vol23 (No. 8), 1984, p 613-621 Equilibria in the Ti-Ni-Mo System at 1200 lestuen, and A. Thornvaldsen, "The Phase
84Gup: K.P. Gupta, S.B. Rajendraprasad,A.K. T , " Russ. Metall.; TR: Izv. Akad. NaukSSSR, Diagram for Magnesium-Aluminum-Manga-
Jena, and R.C. Sharma, "The Co-Mo-Ni Sys- Met., (No. 2), 1986, p 205-210 nese Above 650 OC,"Z. Metallkd., Vol79 (No.
tem," Trans.Indian Inst. Met., Vol37 (No. 6), 86Rag: V. Raghavan, "The Carbon-Iron-Sili- ll), 1988, p 696-699
1984, p 691-697 con System," J.Alloy Phase Diagrams, India, 89Har: K.C. Harikumar and V. Raghavan,
84Mir: D.B. Miracle, K.A. Lark, V. Srinivasan, Vol2 (NO.2), 1986, p 97-107 "BCC-FCC Equilibrium in Ternary Iron Al-
and H.A. Lipsitt, "Nickel-Aluminium-Molyb- 87Ere: V.N. Eremenko, T.Ya. Velikanova, and loys 11, "J.Alloy Phase Diagrams, India, Vol
denum Phase Equilibria," Metall. Trans. A, A.A. Bondar, "The Phase Diagram of the Cr- 5 (NO.2), 1989, p 77-96
Vol 15,1984, p 481-486 Mo-C System, 11. Phase Equilibria in the Par- 90Gup: K.P. Gupta, Phase Diagrams of Ter-
85Mes: L.L. Meshkov, S.N. Nesterenko, and tial System Mo2C-Cr7C3-C," Sov. Powder nary Nickel Alloys, Indian Institute of Metals,
T.V. Ishchenko, "Structural Features of Phase Metall. Met. Ceram., TR: Poroshk. Metall. Calcutta, (No. I), 1990
Diagrams Formed by Molybdenum and Tung- Kiev, Vol26 (No. 6), 1987, p 506-511 90Pri: A. Prince, G.V. Raynor, and D.S. Evans,
sten with Iron-Group Metals," Russ. Metall.; 870fo: N.C. Oforka and C.W. Haworth, "Phase Phase Diagrams of Ternary Gold Alloys, The
TR: Izv.AkadNaukSSSR,Met., (No. 2 ) , 1985, Equilibria of Aluminum-Chromium-Nickel Institute of Metals, London, 1990
p 204-207
Section 4
Appendix

Symbols for (he Chemical Elements .......................................................... ............................ 4.3

Standad Atomic Weights of fie Elements (periodic chart) ......................................................4 . 4
Melting and Boilmg Points of the Elements at Atmospheric Pressure ...........................- .................. 4.5
Allotropic Transformationsof the Elements at Atmospheric Pressure........................................... 4.7
Magnetic Phase Transition Temperatures of the Elements .................................................................. 4.9
Clystal Stmcture and Lanice Parameten of Allotropes of the Metallic Elements .............................. 4.10
Crystal Structure Nomenclature, Arranged Alphabetically by Peanon Symbol Designation.............4.13
Temperature Conversions (tables).,.,...........,,,.-....................... - ............................................... 4.17
Abbreviations .......................................................................................................................................4.19
GreekAlphabet ..................................................................................... - ...."....".." - ....-....---......-.'..4.19
 3*59/Ternary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Ternary System References

1lPar: N. Parravano, "Das Tern* System Sil- Tungsten (1961)," Available as NTIS Docu- 8th ed., American Society for Metals, Metals,
ber-Zinn-Blei," Z. Metallkd., Vol l , 191l , p ment AD 257,739 Park, OH, 1973
89-108 61Far: P. Farrar and H. Margolin, "The Tita- 73Bre: L. Brewer and S.-G. Chang, Metal-
29Bau: 0 . Bauer and M. Hansen, "Der Einfluss nium Rich Region of the Titanium-Alu- lography, Structures and Phase Diagrams,
von dritten Metallen auf die Konstitution der minium-Vanadium System," Trans. AIME, Vol 8, Metals Handbook, 8th ed., American
Messingle ierungen. I. Der Einfluss von Blei," VOI 221,1961, p 1214-1221 Society for Metals, Metals Park, OH, 1973
Z. Metallkd., Vol21, 1929, p 190-196 62Zak: E.K. Zakharov and B.G. Livshits, 73Dra: J.M. Drapier and D. Coutsouradis, Met-
36Kos: W. Koster and W. Dullenkopf, "Das "Phase Composition Diagram of the Cobalt- allography, Structures and Phase Diagrams,
Dreistoffsystem Aluminium-Magnesium- Chromium-Titanium Ternary System," Russ. Vol 8, Metals Handbook, 8th ed., American
Zink. 111. Der Teilbereich Mg-A13Mg4- Metall. Fuels, (No. 5), 1962, p 88-97 Society for Metals, Metals Park, OH 1973
A12Mg3Zn3 -MgZnz-Mg," Z. Metallkd., Vol 63Sta: H.H. Stadelmaier and R.A. Gregg, "Die 73Lev: E.D. Levine, Metallography, Structures
28, 1936, p 363-367 Temare Phase Fe23C3B3im Dreistoffsystem and Phase Diagrams, Vol 8, Metals Hand-
BKos: W. Koster, U. Zwicker, and K. Moeller, EisenKohlenstoff-Bor," Metall. Berlin, Vol book, 8th ed., American Society for Metals,
"Mikroskopische und rontgenographische 17,1963,~ 412-414 Metals Park, OH 1973
Untersuchungen zur Kenntnis des Systems 64Kus: J.B. Kusma and H. Nowotny, "Unter- 73Mar: V.Ya. Markiv, V.V. Bumashova, and
Kupfer-Nickel-Aluminium," Z. Metallkd., suchungen im Dreistoff: Mn-Al-Si," V.R. Ryabov, "The Systems Titanium-lron-
V0139,1948, p 225-231 Monatsh. Chem., Vol95,1964, p 1266-1271 Aluminium, Titanium-Nickel-Aluminium,
BWil: F.H. Wilson, "The Copper-Rich Comer 64Ste: P. Stecher, F. Benesovsky, and H. and Titanium-Copper-Aluminium," Met. Al-
of the Copper-Aluminum-Silicon Diagram," Nowotny, "Untersuchungen im System lofizika, Kiev (Akad. Nauk Ukr. SSSR, Metal-
Trans. AIME, Vol 175,1948, p 262-273 Chrom-Wolfram-Kohlenstoff ,"Vol. 12,1964, lofiz., V0146,1973, p 103-109
51Lin: E. Linder, "Eine Methode zur Erfor- p 89-95 73Pel: W.T. Pell-Walpole and C.T. Thwaites,
schung von Vierstoffsystemen Dargestellt am 65Kuz: Yu.B. Kuz'ma and T.F. Fedorov, "Phase Metallography, Structures and Phase Dia-
System Blei-Zink-Kadmiurn-Zinn Z. Met- Equilibria in the System Molybdenum-Chro- grams, Vol 8, Metals Handbook, 8th ed.,
allkd., Vol43, 195 1, p 377-387 mium-Carbon," Sov. Powder Metall. Met. American Society for Metals, Metals Park,
52Das: D.K. Das, S.P. Rideout, and P.A. Beck, Ceram.; TR: Poroshk. Metall. Kiev, Vol 4, OH 1973
"Intermediate Phases in the Mo-Fe-Co, Mo- 1965, p 920-922 73Smi: C.S. Smith and E.D. Levine, Metal-
Fe-Ni, and Mo-Ni-Co Ternary Systems," 66Kie: R. Kieffer and H. Rassaerts, " ~ b e das
r lography, Structures and Phase Diagrams,
Trans. AIME, Vol 194,1952, p 1071-1075 System Vanadium-Chrom-Kohlenstoff und Vol 8, Metals Handbook, 8th ed., American
56Zwi: U. Zwicker, "Die Systeme Titan-Alu- iiber den Einsatz von Vanadin- und Chromcar- Society for Metals, Metals Park, OH 1973
minium-Chrom und Titan-Aluminium-Vana- biden in Hartmetallen, Teil I," Metall, Berlin, 73Wil: L.A. Willey, Metallography, Structures
din und die technishcen Titanlegierungen mit V0120, 1966, p 691-695 and Phase Diagrams, Vol 8, Metals Hand-
5% Cr und 3% A1 sowie mit 6% A1 und 4% 66Kos: W. Koster and T. Godecke, "Das Dreis- book, 8th ed., American Society for Metals,
V," Z. Metallkd., Vo147, 1956, p 535-548 toffsystem Kupfer-Mangan-Aluminium," Z. Metals Park, OH 1973
58Bag: Yu.A. Bagaryatskiy, G.I. Nosova, and Metallkd., Vol57, 1966, p 889-901 74Kau: L. Kaufman and H. Nesor, "Calculation
T.V. Tagunova, "Study of the Phase Diagrams 67Pta: W. Ptak and Z. Moser, "The Range of of Superalloy Phase Diagrams: Part I, " Met-
of the Alloys Titanium-Chromium, Titanium- Occurrence of Two Liquid Phases in Zn-Sn- all. Trans., Vol5, 1974, p 1617-1621
Tungsten, and Titanium-Chromium-Tung- Cd-Pb Alloys," Bull. Acad. Pol. Sci. Ser. Sci. 75Kau: L. Kaufman and H. Nesor, "Calculation
sten, Prepared by the Method of Powder Tech., Vol 15 (No. 9), 1967, p 809-815 of Superalloy Phase Diagrams: Part IV," Met-
Metallurgy, Russ. J. Inorganic Chem.; TR: 70Han: R.C. Hansen and A. Raman, "Alloy all. Trans. A, Vol6, 1975, p 2123-2131
Zh. Neorg. Khim., Vol 3 (No. 3), 1958, p Chemistry of sigma (beta-U)-Related Phases. 77Lev: V.I. Levanov, V.S. Mikheyev, and A.I.
330-341 111. sigma-Phases with Non-Transition Ele- Chemitysn, "Investigation of the Ti-Nb-W
58Kor: 1.1. Kornilov and R.S. Polyakov, Phase ments,"Z. Metallkd.,Vo161, 1970,p 115-120 System (Nb + W up to 50 wt.%)," Russ. Met-
Diagram of the Ternary Sytem Titanium-Nio- 70Kos: W. Koster and T. Godecke, "Das Dreis- all.; TR: Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Met., (No. I),
bium-Molybdenum, Russ. J. Inorganic toffsystem Eisen-Aluminum-Zink," Z. Met- 1 9 7 7 , ~186-191
Chem., Tr. Zh. Neorg. Khim., Vol 3 (No. 4), allkd., Vol61, 1970, p 649-658 79Cha: Y.A. Chang, J.P. Neumann, A. Mikula,
1958, p 62-74 71Pre: A.P. Prevarskiy, "Investigation of Fe- and D. Goldberg, Phase Diagrams and Ther-
58Liv: B. G. Livshits and Ya.D. Khorin, "Study Cu-A1 Alloys," Russ. Metall.; TR: Izv. Akad. modynamic Properties of Ternary Copper-
of Equilibrium Phase Diagram of the System Nauk SSSR, Metall., (No. 4), 1971 , p 154- Metal Systems, INCRA Monograph VI,
Co-Cr-Ti," Russ. J. Inorganic Chem.;TR: Zh. 156 International Copper Research Association,
Neorg. Khim., Vol3 (No. 3), 1958, p 193-205 73Ben: R. Benz, J.F. Elliott, and J. Chipman, 1979
59Cla: J.W.H. Clare, "The Constitution of Alu- "Thermodynamics of the Solid Phases in the 80Gry: V.I. Gryzunov and A S . Sagyndykov,
minium-Rich Alloys of the Aluminium-Chro- System Fe-Mn-C," Metall. Trans., Vol 4, "Mutual Diffusion in the System Ti-Ni-Co,"
mium-Manganese System," Trans.AIME, Vol 1973, p 1975-1986 Phys. Met. Metallogr., Tr: Fiz. Met. Metal-
215,1959, p 429-433 73Bla: J.M. Blalock, Jr., J.V. Harding, and W.T. loved., Vol49 (No. 5), 1980, p 178-182
61Eng: J.J. English, "Binary and Ternary Phase Pell-Walpole, Metallography, Structures and 80Loo: F.J.J. van Loo, G.F. Bastin, J.W.G.A.
Diagrams of Niobium, Molybdenum and Phase Diagrams, Vol 8, Metals Handbook, Vrolijk, and J.J.M. Hendriks, "Phase Rela-
3*60/Ternary Alloy Phase Diagrams

tions in the Systems Fe-Ni-Mo, Fe-Co-Mo 85Nas: P. Nash and W.W. Liang, Phase Equili- System at 1423 K," Scand. J. Metall., Vol 16,
and Ni-Co-Mo at 1100 OC," J. Less-Common bria in the Ni-Al-Ti System at 1173 K," Met- 1987, p 184-188
Met., Vol72,1980, p 225-230 all. Trans. A, Vol 16, 1985, p 319-322 87Rag: V. Raghavan, Phase Diagrams of Ter-
80Mas: S.B. Maslenkov and E.A. Nikandrova, 850ma: A.K. Omarov, S.V. Sejtzhanov, and nary Iron Alloys, The Indian Institute of Met-
"Examination of the Ni-Mo-W Phase Dia- A.I. Idirisov, "Isothermal Sections of the Ter- als, Calcutta, India. (No. I), 1987
gram," Russ. Metall., Tr: Im. Akad. Nauk nary System Al-Ni-Ti for the Temperature 87Smi: S.V. Smirnova,L.L. Meshkov, and O.N.
SSSR, Met., (No. 2), 1980, p 184-187 Range 1150-600OC,"Izv.Akad.Nauk Kazakh. Kosolapova, "Physicochemical Interaction
81Zha: Jin Zhanpeng, "A Study of the Range SSSR, Khim, (No. I), 1985, p 36-42 and Magnetic Properties on the Phases in the
of Stability of sigma Phase in Some Ternary 850sa: K. Osamura, "The Pb-Sb-Sn (Lead-An- Iron-Molybdenum-Niobium System," Mos-
Systems," Scand. J. Metall., Vol 10, 1981, p timony-Tin) System," Bull. Alloy Phase Dia- cow Univ. Chem. Bull., Tr: Vest. Mosk. Univ.
279-287 grams, Vo16 (No. 4), 1985, p 372-379 Khim., Vol42 (No. I), 1987, p 84-87
83Gry: V.I. Gryzunov, G.V. Shcherbedinskiy, 86Ere: V.N. Eremenko, T.Ja. Velikanova, and 88Pet: G. Petzow and G. Effenberg, Ternary
Ye.M. Sokolovskaya,B.K. Aytbayev, andA.S. A.A. Bondar, "The Ternary Phase Diagram Alloys, VCH Verlagsgesellschaft, Weinheim,
Sagyndykov, "Kinetics of Phase Growth Dur- Cr-W-C System," Dop. Akad. Nauk Ukr.RSR, Germany, Vol 1,1988
ing Mutual Diffusion in Ternary Multiphase A, Fiz.- Mat. Tekh., Vol48 (No. 1l), 1986, p 88Ray: G.V. Raynor and V.G. Rivlin, Phase
Metallic Systems," Phys. Met. Metallogr.; 74-78 Equilibria in Iron Ternary Alloys, The Insti-
TR: Fiz. Met. Metalloved., Vol 56 (No. l), 86Mey: S.a. Mey and K. Hack, "A Thermo- tute of Metals, London, (No. 4), 1988
1983, p 183-186 chemical Evaluation of the Silicon-Zinc,Alu- 88Rok: L.L. Rokhlin and A.G. Pepelyan,
84Ere: V.N. Eremenko, L.A. Tret'yachenko, minum-Silicon, and Alurninum-Silicon-Zinc "Phase Equilibria in the Mg-Rich Region of
S.B. Prima, andE.L. Semenova,"Constitution Systems,"Z. Metallkd., Vol77 (No. 7), 1986, the Mg-Al-Si System," Russ. Metall., Tr: Izv.
Diagrams of Titanium-Nickel-GroupsIV-VIII p 454-459 Akad. Nauk SSSR. Met., (No. 6), 1988, p
Transition Metal Systems," Sov. Powder Met- 86Pri: S.B. Prima, L.A. Tret'yachenko, and 172-174
all. Met. Ceram.; TR: Poroshk. Metall. Kiev, V.N. Eremenko, "Investigation of Phase 88Sim: C.J. Simensen,B.C. Oberknder, J. Sva-
Vol23 (No. 8), 1984, p 613-621 Equilibria in the Ti-Ni-Mo System at 1200 lestuen, and A. Thornvaldsen, "The Phase
84Gup: K.P. Gupta, S.B. Rajendraprasad,A.K. "C," Russ. Metall.; TR: Im. Akad. NaukSSSR, Diagram for Magnesium-Aluminum-Manga-
Jena, and R.C. Sharma, "The Co-Mo-Ni Sys- Met., (No. 2), 1986, p 205-210 nese Above 650 "C,"Z.Metallkd., Vol79 (No.
tem," Trans.Indian Inst. Met., Vol37 (No. 6), 86Rag: V. Raghavan, "The Carbon-Iron-Sili- ll), 1988, p 696-699
1984, p 691-697 con System," J.Alloy Phase Diagrams, India, 89Har: K.C. Harikumar and V. Raghavan,
84Mir: D.B. Miracle, K.A. Lark, V. Srinivasan, V012 (NO.2), 1986, p 97-107 "BCC-FCC Equilibrium in Ternary Iron Al-
and H.A. Lipsitt, "Nickel-Aluminium-Molyb- 87Ere: V.N. Eremenko, T.Ya. Velikanova, and loys 11, "J.Alloy Phase Diagrams, India, Vol
denum Phase Equilibria," Metall. Trans. A, A.A. Bondar, "The Phase Diagram of the Cr- 5 (No. 2), 1989, p 77-96
Vol 15, 1984, p 481-486 Mo-C System, 11. Phase Equilibria in the Par- 90Gup: K.P. Gupta, Phase Diagrams of Ter-
85Mes: L.L. Meshkov, S.N. Nesterenko, and tial System Mo2C-Cr7C3-C," Sov. Powder nary Nickel Alloys, Indian Institute of Metals,
T.V. Ishchenko, "Structural Features of Phase Metall. Met. Ceram., TR: Poroshk. Metall. Calcutta, (No. I), 1990
Diagrams Formed by Molybdenum and Tung- Kiev, Vol26 (No. 6), 1987, p 506-511 90Pri: A. Prince, G.V. Raynor, and D.S. Evans,
sten with Iron-Group Metals," Russ. Metall.; 870fo: N.C. Oforka and C.W. Haworth, "Phase Phase Diagrams oj'Ternary Gold Alloys, The
TR:Im.AkadNaukSSSR,Met., (No. 2), 1985, Equilibria of Alurninum-Chromium-Nickel Institute of Metals, London, 1990
p 204-207
Section 4
Appendix

Symbols for the Chemical Elements .................................................................................................... 4.3

Standard Atomic Weights of the Elements (periodic chart) ................................................................. 4.4
Melting and Boiling Points of the Elements at Atmospheric Pressure ................................................ 4.5
Allotropic Transformations of the Elements at Atmospheric Pressure ................................................4.7
Magnetic Phase Transition Temperatures of the Elements .................................................................. 4.9
Crystal Structure and Lattice Parameters of Allotropes of the Metallic Elements .............................. 4.10
Crystal Structure Nomenclature. Arranged Alphabetically by Pearson Symbol Designation............. 4.13
Temperature Conversions (tables)........................................................................................................ 4.17
Abbreviations ..................................................................................................................................... 4.19
Greek Alphabet ................................................................................................................................... 4.19
Symbols for the Chemical Elements

Actinium ................................ Ac Gold ........................................ Au Praseodymium ....................... Pr

Aluminum .............................. Al Hahium ................................. Hf Promethium.. ........................ ..Pm
Americium ............................. Am Helium.................................... He Protactinium ........................... Pa
Antimony ............................... Sb Holmium ................................ Ho Radium ................................... Ra
Argon ..................................... Ar Hydrogen ............................... H Radon ................................... ..Rn
Arsenic ................................... As Indium ....................................In Rhenium ................................. Re
Astatine .................................. At Iodine ..................................... I Rhodium ................................. Rh
Barium ................................... Ba Iridium ...................................Ir Rubidium ...............................Rb
Berkelium ..............................Bk Iron ......................................... Fe Ruthenium .............................. Ru
Beryllium ............................... Be Krypton .................................. Kr Samarium ...............................Sm
Bismuth ..................................Bi Lanthanum ............................. La Scandium................................ Sc
Boron ..................................... B Lawrencium ........................... Lr Selenium ................................Se
Bromine .................................Br Lead ........................................ Pb Silicon .................................. ..Si
Cadmium ................................Cd Lithium ................................... Li Silver ......................................Ag
Calcium ..................................Ca Lutetium ................................. Lu Sodium ...................................Na
Californium............................Cf Magnesium ............................Mg Strontium ............................... Sr
Carbon ................................... C Manganese ............................. Mn Sulfur ...................................... S
Cerium ................................... Ce Mendelevium ......................... Md Tantalum .................................Ta
Cesium ...................................Cs Mercury ..................................Hg Technetium .............................Tc
Chlorine ................................. C1 Molybdenum .......................... Mo Tellurium ................................Te
Chromium ..............................Cr Neodymium ........................... Nd Terbium ................................ ..Tb
Cobalt .....................................Co Neon ....................................... Ne Thallium ............................... ..TI
Columbium (Niobium) .......... Nb Neptunium .............................NP Thorium .................................. Th
Copper ....................................Cu Nickel ..................................... Ni Thulium .................................. Tm
Curium ...................................Cm Niobium ................................. Nb Tin .......................................... Sn
Dysprosium ............................DY Nitrogen ................................. N Titanium .................................Ti
Einsteinium ............................Es Nobelium ............................... No Tungsten ................................. W
Erbium ...................................Er Osmium .................................. 0 s Uranium .................................U
Europium ...............................Eu Oxygen ...................................0 Vanadium ...............................V
Fermium ................................. Fm Palladium ............................... Pd Xenon .....................................Xe
Fluorine .................................. F Phosphorus ............................. P Ytterbium ............................... Yb
Francium ................................ Fr Platinum ................................. Pt Yttrium. .................................. Y
Gadolinium ............................ Gd Plutonium ...............................Pu Zinc ........................................ Zn
Gallium .................................. Ga Polonium ................................ Po Zirconium ............................... Zr
Germanium ............................Ge Potassium ............................... K
Standard Atomic Weights of the Elements

Inert
Gases
He 2

4.002602
Key
Chemical symbol- )]-~~omk number

1 11241 1- Atomic weight

/
Transition Metals

V1 A VII A VIII A IX A
-
Cr 2 4 Mn 2 5 Fe 2 6 Co 27

Lanthanide Metals
Ce 58 Pr 59 Nd 6 0 Pm 6 1 Sm 62 Eu 6 3 Gd 64 Tb 6 5 Dy 6 6 Ho 6 7 Er 6 8 Tm 6 9 Yb 7 0 Lu 71

14012 140.9077 144.24 (145) 150.36 151.96 157.25 158.9254 162.50 164.9304 167.26 168.9342 173.04 174967

\ Actinide Metals
Melting and Boiling Points of the Elements at
Atmospheric Pressure

. --.
Melting pomt .
- - - Ballng point
Errw
Symbol "C K limits "C K

1051
96 1.93
660.452
1176
-189.352(T.P.)
614(S.P.)
(302)
1064.43
2092
727
1289
271.442
1050
-7 .25(T.P.)
3827(S.P.)
842
321.108
798
900
-1 00.97(T.P.)
1345
1495
1863
28.39
1084.87
1412
1529
860
822
-219.67(T.P.)
1538
(1527)
(27)

(continued)
 Melting point Boiling point
Error
Symbol "C K limits "C K

Note: T.P. = triple point; S.P.= sublimation point at atmospheric pressure. Measurements in parentheses are approximate. (a) +300. (b) There are various triple points . (c) Red P sublimes without
melting at atmosvheric mssure .
Allotropic Transformations of the Elements at
Atmospheric Pressure
Allotropic transformationofthechemical elements is discussed in the Introductionto Alloy Phase Diagrams. page 11. ofthis Handbook .

Atomic Transfor- Temperature. Atomic Ransfor- Temperature.

Element number mation "C Element number mation "C

47 L-s 2447
13 LttS 63.7 1
95 L*Y 115.65 K
r-P 918
7 69 865
18 LwS 310
79 LttS 180.6
5 L-P -193
56 L-S 1663
4 L-P
650
P-a 1246
83 L-S 1138
97 L-S 1loo
35 LctS
20 L-P 727
2623
P-a 63.146 K
48 LttS
58 Ltt6 35.61 K
97.8
6-Y -233
r-P 2469
P++a 1021
98 L++P
863
P-a 24.563 K (T.P.)

.
17 L-S
1455
96 L-P 639
P r 576
27 L-a
280
54.361 K
awE 43.801 K
24 LttS
23.867 K
55 L-S
0 s ............................. 3033
29 LctS
P (white a ) ................. 44.14
66 L-P
Pa ............................... 1572
P-a 1170
a tt a'
327.502
68 LttS
1555
99 L-S
1042
63 L-S
890
9 L-P
254
P-a 54
26 Ltt6
93 1
~ W Y 795
r*a 1769.0
31 LHS
640
64 L-P 483
P-a 463
32 L-S
1 LttS 320
72 L-P 215
P-a 125
80 L-a 39.48
67 L-S 3186
53 LttS 1963
49 L-S -71

(continued)
 Atomic Transfor- Temperature. Atomic Transfor- Temperature.
Element number mation "C Element number mation "C

1360
1670
882
304
230
1545
1135
776
668
1910
3422
161.918 (T.P.)
1522
1478
819
795
-3
419.58
1855
863

Note: T.P.= mole mint.

Magnetic Phase Transition Temperatures of the
Elements

Magnetic phase transition, andotherhigher-order transitions of the chemical elements, is discussed in the Introduction to Alloy Phase Diagrams,page 1 1of
this Handbook.

Phase Phase Phase ~aturati;"

transition Type of transition 5 p e of transition Type of magpetic
Chemical Atomic temperature magnetlc temperature magnet~c temperature magnetlc moment,
symbol number Allotrope (Td, K ordering(a1 (Tcz),K ordering(a) (Tc~),K ordering(a) PB
Ce(b) ............ 58 P-dcph 13.7 AC? 12.5 AC? ... ... 2.61
y-fcc 14.4 AC? ... ... ... ...
Cm ............... 96 a-dcph 52 AC ... ... ... ... ...
Co ................ 27 fcc 1388(1115 OC) FM ... ... ... ... 1.715
Cr ................. 24 bcc 312.7(39.5 "C) A1 ... ... ... ... 0.45
Dy ................ 66 a-cph 179.0 Al 89.0 FM ... ... 10.33
Er ................. 68 c ~ h 85.0 Al 53 AC 20.0 CF 9.1
Eu ................ 63 bcc 90.4 AC ... ... ... ... 5.9
Fe(c) ............. 26 a-kc l W ( 7 7 1 OC) FM ... ... ... ... 2.216
y-fcc 67 AC ... ... ... ... 0.75
Gd ................ 64 a-cph 293.4(20.2 "C) FM ... ... ... ... 0.75
Ho ................ 67 c ~ h 132.0 Al 20.0 CF ... ... 10.34
Mn ............... 25 a-kc 100 AC ... ... ... ... (4
Nd ................ 60 a-dcph 19.9 Al 7.5 AC ... ... 1.84
Ni ................. 28 fcc 627.4(354.2 "C) FM ... ... ... ... 0.616
Prn ............... 61 a-dcph 98 FM? ... ... ... ... 0.24
Pr ................. 59 a-dcph 0.06 AC ... ... ... ... 0.36
Sm ............... 62 a-rhomb 106 h, A ( d 13.8 c, ... ... 0.1
Tb ................ 65 U-cph 230.0 A1 219.5 FM ... ... 9.34
Tm ............... 69 cph 58.0 Al 40 to 32 FI ... ... 7.14
(a) Type of magnetic ordering indicated by symbols in the table below and the chat? on the reverse side: FM = transition from paramagnetic to femmagnetc state, AC = transition to periodic
(antifemmagnetic) state that is commensurate with the lattice periodicity leg., spins on three atom layers directed up followed by three layers down. efc.), A1 = transition to periodic (antifemmagnetic)
state that is generally not commensurate with the lattice geriodicity (e.g., helical spin ordering), CF = transition to conical ferromagnetic state (combination of planar helical antifmomagnetic plus
ferromagneticcomponent),and FI = transition to ferromagneticperiodic structure (unequal number of up and down spin layers). (b) Ce exists in five crystal structures, two of which are magnetic ( ~ f c c :
and P-dcph). $e is estimated to be antifmomagnetic below 14.4 K by extrapolation from fcc Ce-La alloys. ( a c e does not exist in pure form below -100 K.) pCe is thought toexhibit antifemmagnetism
on the hexagonal lattice sites below 13.7 K and on the cubic sites below 12.5 K. (c) Magnetic measurements quoted in table for yFe are for fcc Fe precipitated in copper. (d) The magnetic momem
assignments of Mn are complex. (e) h, A; c, A = indicate that sites of hexagonal and cubic point symmetry order antiferromagneticaliy,but at different temperatures.
Source: J.J. Rhyne, BUN. Alloy Phase Diagram. 3(3),402 (1982).
Crystal Structures and Lattice Parameters of
~llotropesof the Metallic Elements

The crystal structure of the allotropic forms of the metallic elements are presented here in terms of the Pearson symbol, spacegroup, andprototype of the
structure. The temperatures of thephase transformations are listed indegrees Celsius and the pressures are inGPa. Aconsistentnomenclature is used, whereby
all allotropes are labeled by Greek letters. The lattice parameters of the unit cells are given in nanometers (nm)and are considered to be accurate* 2 in the last
reported digit. Both crystal structure and lattice parameters are discussedin the Introduction to Alloy Phase Diagrams,page 1.1 of this Handbook.
This compilationis restricted to changes m. Low-temperature structures are in-
cluded forthe diatomic andraregases, which show many similarities withrespect to the metallic elements.
Note that there may be differences betweenvalues quoted below and similar values givenin anothertable in this Handbook that has been reproduced from
another source. For example, the allotropic transformation temperatures of Mnmay differ by as much as 23 OC, etc.

Comment,
Temperature, Plesure, Pearson Space Proto- Lattice parameters, nm c/a, or
Element 'C CPa wmbol erou~ twe a 6 c a or

Ac ................................. atm FmJm

Ag ............................... atm Fm3m
aAl ....................
........ am FmJm
PA1................................ >20.5 P63/mmc
aAm ............................. atm P63/mmc
pAm ............................. atm FmJm
'IAm .............................. atm ImJm
6Am .............................. >15 Cmcm
a A I ............................... ahn FmJm
As ................................. atm ~3rn
Au ................................. atm FmJm
PB ................................. atm RJm
aBa.. ............................. atm Im3m
pBa ............................... >5.33 P63lmmc
p a................................ >23 ?
aBe ............................... atm P63Immc
pBe ............................... atm ImJm
Be11............................... >28.3
aBi................................ atm &
pBi ................................ >2.6 C2/m
pi................................ >3.0 P2i/m
6Bi ................................ >4.3 ?
CBi ................................ >9.0 ImJm
a B k ............................... atm P63/mmc
pBk ............................... atm FmJm
Br .................................. ahn Cmca
C(graphite) .................... atm P63/mmc
C(diamond) ................... >60 Fdm
a Ca,. ............................. atm FmJm
pCa ............................... atm ImJm
$a,.. ............................. >1.5 ...
Cd ................................. atm P63/mmc
a c e ............................... arm FmJm
pCe ............................... atm P63lmmc
$e ................................ atm FmJm
6Ce ............................... atm Im3m
a'Ce .............................. >5.4 Cmcm
aCf ............................... atm P63/mmc
pcf.. .............................. atm FmJm
Cl ................................ atm Cmca
aCm.. ............................ atm P63/mmc
pcm .............................. am FmJm
ECo ............................... atm P63lmmc
a C0............................... atm FmJm
aCr ............................... atm ImJm
a'Cr .............................. HP I4lmmm
a Cs ............................... atm ImJm
p c s ............................... >2.37 FmJm
(continued)
 Comment,
Temperature, Pressure, Pearson Space Proto- Lattice parameters, nm el=, or
Element "C GPa symbol group type a b c aorg

p c s .............................. >4.22 Fmsm

*s ........................... >4.27
Cu ................................. atrn F&
a'Dy ............................. atm Cmcm
aDy .............................. atm P6gmmc
PDy ............................... atm ImJm
p y ............................... >7.5 R3m
Er ............................... atm P6gmmc
U E s ............................... atm P6gmmc
PEs ................................ atm ~mJm
Eu ................................. atm Im3m
a F ........................ .
. .. atrn c2/c
PF ............................ atm Pm3n
uFe ............................... atm 1m5m
yFe ................................ atm Fm3m
6Fe ......................... . ... atm Im5m
E F.......................
~ . . ... >13 Pbgmmc
a G a ............................... atrn Cmca
PGa ............................... >1.2 I4lmmrn
p a . . ................... ... ..... >3.0 Cmm
a G d ..................... .
. .. atm P6gmmc
PGd.. ............................. atm 1m3m
p d ............................... 73.0 RTm
a G e ............................... atm Fdsm
PGe ............................ >12 14~lamd
p e . . .................. ........ >I2 + a m P41_212
M;e ............................... >12 Im3m
UH ................................ atm Fmsm
p%. ............................... atrn P6gmmc
He4 .............................. 0.163 P6gmmc
He ............................... 0.129 P6gmmc
aHf ............................... atm P6gmmc
PHf ............................... atm Im3m
a H g .............................. atm R3m
PHg ............................... HP I4lmmm
a H o .............................. atm P6gmmc
OH0 ............................... >7.5 R3m
I .................................... atm Cmca
In. ................... . .....,,... atm I 4 I F
Ir ........................... . ... atm Fmjm
K ................................... atm Im3m
Kr .................................. atm FmJm
uLa ................. . .....,,.. atm P6gmmc
PLa ............................... atm Fm3m
yLa ................................ atm ImLm
P'La ............................ 22.0 Fm3m
uLi ................................ atm Pbgmmc
PLi ................................ atm Im5m
Lu ............................... atm P6gmmc
Mg ................................ atm P6gmmc
a M n .............................. atm IZ3m
pMn .............................. atm P4g2
yMn ............................... atm Fm3m
6Mn ........................... atm Imzm
Mo .................. . ......,.. atm Im3m
a N ................................ atm Pa3
PN ................................. atm P6gmmc
yN ................................. >3.3 P421mnm
. . . ...
aNa .................... atm P63/mmc
PNa ............................... atm Im2m
Nb ................................. atm Im3m
aNd .............................. atm P6@mc
PNd ............................... atm Im3m
yNd ........................... .. >5.0 ~msm
Ne ...................... . . ..... atm Fm2m
. . . .......
Ni .................... atm Fm3m
a N p .............................. atrn Pnma
PNp ............................... atm P4112
yNp ............................... atm Im3m
a0 ................................ atm C2m
po ................................. atrn R3y
p ................................. atm Pm3n
0 s ................................. atm P69mmc
@(white) ...................... atm ...
P(black). ........................ atm Cmca
a P a ............................... atm I4Ilynm
pPa.. .............................. atm Imtm
@b ............................... atm Fm3m
PPb ............................... >10.3 P63/mmc
Pd ........................ .
. . .. atm Fm3m
aPm .............................. atm P6gmmc

(continued)

-- --- .
 4.1 2lAppendix

Comment,
Temperature, Presure, Pearson Space Proto- Lattice parameters, nm c/o, or
Element "C CPa symbol WOUP type a b c aorg

pPm .............................. a m ImSm

aP0 ............................... a m PmSm
ppo ............................... atm R3m
aFJr................................ a m P63Immc
ppr ................................ atm ImSm
rpr................................. >4.0 FmSm
Pt. .................................. a m Fm3m
aPu ............................... atm P2dm
ppu ............................... a m C2/m
p u ................................ atm Faiid
6Pu.. ............................. atm FmJm
6'Pu.. ............................. atm I41mmm
EPU................................ atm Im3m
Ra ................................. atm Im3m
aRb............................... atm ImSm
PRb ............................... > 1.08 ...
p b . . .............................. >2.05 ...
Re ................................. atm P63/mmc
Rh ................................. atm FmSm
Ru ................................. atm P6jImmc
a S ................................. atm Fddd
ps ................................. atm P2 1lc
a S b ............................. atm R5m
PSb .....................
..... >5.0 PmSm
ySb ............................. >7.5 P631mmc
6Sb.. .............................. >14.0 ?
aSc ............................... a m P63Immc
psc.. .............................. atm ImSm
ySe ................................ atm P3121
aSi ................................ atm ~d3m
psi ................................ >9.5 I4 llamd
P i ................................. >16.0 Im5m
6Si ................................. >16 -t atm P631mmc
aSm .............................. atm R3m
psm .............................. a m P63/mmc
ySm ............................... a m Im3m
6Sm............................... >4.0 P6glmmc
aSn ............................... atm F&m
pSn ............................... atm I4 llamd
ySn ................................ >9.0 ?
aSr ................................ atm FmTm
pSr ................................ atm ImSm
FSr ............................... >3.5 Im5m
Ta .................................. atm ImSm
a T b .................. .......... atm Cmcm
a'Tb ............................ atm P63/mmc
PTb ...................... . ... a m ImSm
yrb... ............................ >6.0 RSm
Tc .................................. atm P63/mmc
aTe ............................... a m P3121
PTe ................................ >2.0 R3m
p e ................................ >7.0 ~3rn
aTh ............................... atm FmJm
PTh ............................... atm Im3m
aTi ................................ atm P63lmmc
pli ................................ atm ImSm
oTi................ . . .......... HP -t atm P6lmmm
aT1.. ............................ atm P63/mmc
pn ............................... atm ImSm
yrl ................................. HP FmSm
Tm ................................ a m P63/mmc
a U ................................ a m Cmcm
pu ................................. a m P42/mnm
w ................................. a m Im3m
a m Im3m
W .................................. a m Im3m
Xe ................................. atm FmSm
a Y ................................ atm Pbdmmc
pY .............................. atm ImSm
a Y b .................... . atm P63/mmc
pYb ............................... atm FmSm
f i b ............................... a m Im3m
Zn ................................. a m P631mmc
aZr ................................ a m P631mmc
pi3 ................................ atm ImSm
wZr ............................... HP+m P6lmmm
Note: Values in parentheses are estimated.
Crystal Structure Nomenclature

The various designation sy stems fordescrib- structure are discussed in the Introductionto Alloy PhaxDhgmms. page 1 1 of this Handbook .

Arranged Alphabetically by Pearson-Symbol Designation

Struktur- Struktur-
Pearson berich! Space Pearson berich! Space
symbol Prototype deslgnat~on VOUP symbol Prototype deslgnatton group

Cu Fm5m P6m2
C(diamond) dm P6lmmm
NaCl FmJm P5m l
ZnS(sphalerite) F33m P6dmmc
CaFz FmJm P6gmmc
MgAgAs F33m P3121
AICumn Fmgm P6ymmc
BiF3 Fm3m P6gmmc
NaTl Fdm P6gmmc
AuBeg FZ3m Pbdmmc
SiOz(P cristobalite) dm P6wc
Cu2Mg Fdrn P5m1
CuPt3 Fm3c P7m1
uB12 Fm3m P6lmmm
A12Mg04 Fdm P6/mmm
c03s4 ~d3m P61mrnm
Cogs8 Fm3m P3121
SWg(senmontite) ~d3m P6gmmc
~dgm
Pbdmmc
Fm%
P6dmmc
FmJm P6dmmc
Fmqm
P6dmmc
Im5m
P6222
I213
P62m
IS3d
P7
Imz
Im3m P6222
A3d P6dmmc
I33m P6dmmc
Im5m Pbdmmc
Im7m P631mmc
IS3m P6ymmc
I43d P6Vmcm
la5 P6dmmc
la5 P63mc
Im? P62m
Pm2m P6222
Pm3m P6wc
Pmsm P6ym
Pm3m P63cm
Pmzm P6ymmc
Pm3m P63/n2mc
PS3m R5m
PnTm R3m
Pm3m R7m
PmJn RTm
P213 R3m
PT3m RTm
Pa3 R32
P213 CaSi2 RTm
NiS R3m
P4132
PmJm R7m
Pm5 R7m
Pa3m R5c
P6lmmm R5m
P6glmmc
(continuedl
Arranged Alphabetically by Pearson-Symbol Designation (continued)
Slruktur- Struktur-
Pearson bericht Space Pearson hericht Space
symbol Prototype designation group symbol Prototype designation group

B4C Dl8 RTm of16 (continued) ........ F56 Pnma

CrgAlg 0810 R3m DOII Pnma
cum ,511 R3m of20 ........................... D510 Pnma
AuTe2(calaverite) c34 c2/m D5s Pnma
cuo 826 C2/c o f 2 4 ........................... C46 Pma2
ThC2 c, C21c E9e Pnma
8Ni3Snq D7a C2/m c 21 Pbca
FeKS2 F5a C2/c 0511 Pccn
AgAuTeq Elb P2/c Dl01 Pnma
zr02 c43 P21/c Ao I4/mmm
AszS3 D5f P21/c A6 I4/mmm
Cd19 D8d P21/c A5 I4 llamd
FeAsS E07 P21Ic C11, I4/mmm
ASS BI P211c ~2~ I32m
Pse A/ P2dc Cl lb I4/mmm
aSe Ak P21/c L'2b I4/mmm
aU A20 Cmcm DO22 I4/mmm
CaSi Bc Cmmc Dl3 I4/mmm
aGa All Cmca Dl, 14/m
CrB Bf cmcm C16 I4lmcm
I2 A14 Cmca cc I4llamd
P(b1ack) A17 Cmca E3 m
ZrSiz c49 Cmcm 0023 I4/mmm
BRe3 Ela Cmcm El I 132d
PdSn4 Dlc Aba2 D@ I4lmcm
PdSn2 ce Aba2 BR I4llamd
~ 1 6 m D2h Cmcm DOC I4/mcm
TiSi2 C54 Fa'dd B37 14/mcm
Mn4B D4 Fddd 028 I4lmmm
cum2 cb Fa'dd D2b I4/mmm
GeS2 C44 Fdd2 D2 I4/mcm
aS A16 Fddd D81 I4/mcm
SiS2 C42 Ibam DO, I3
Ta3B4 076 Immm D8m I4Imcm
AlqU Dlb Imma P4/mmm
Llo
GazMgs D8, Ibam L2a P4/mmm
AuCd B19 Pmma
Ad P4212
FeS2(marcasite) C18 Pnnm P4/mmm
L63
CaC12 C35 Pnnm
Bll P4Inmm
~NP
qN1Si
Ac Pnma B10 P4/nmm
Bd Pbnm P4gmmc
B17
PCu3Ti DOa Pmmn
C38 P4/nmm
FeB 827 Pnma
EOI P4/nmm
GeS B16 Pnma
c4 P4gmnm
SnS B29 Pmcn
Dld P4/nbm
MnP 8 31 Pnma P4/mbm
D5a
TiB Brn Pnma P42/m
834
CozSi C23 Pnma P4/mbm
Dle
Co2Si C37 Pbnm P4gmnm
Ab
HgCh C28 Pmnb 086 P42/mnm
A13Ni 0020 Pnma P4/mnc
E9n
AsMn3 DOd Pmmn D59 P4gnrnc
Bas3 0017 P421m P4gnnm
CdSb Ax
Be Pbca

Arranged Alphabetically by Strukturbericht Designation

Struktur- Struktur-
bericht Pearson Space bericht Pearson Space
designation Prototype S P ~ group designation Prototype symbol group

A, ............................. aPa t12 I4lmmm A k. ............................. aSe mP64

A b ............................. Pu tP30 P421mnm Al .............................. pse mP32
A,. ............................. ~ N P oP8 Pnma A 1 ............................. Cu cF4
Ad ............................. PNP tP4 P4212 A2 ............................. W cI2
Af .............................. H~SWIO hP 1 P 6 / m A3 ............................. Mg hP2
Ag ............................. YB tP50 P42/nnm A3' ............................ aLa hP4
Ah ............................. aPo CP1 Pm3m A4 ............................. C(diamond) cF8
Ai .............................. Pp0 hR 1 R5m
(continued)
 Arranged Alphabetically by Strukturbericht Designation (continued)

Struktur- Struktur-
bericht Pearsun Space bericht Pearsun Space
designation Prototype symbol group designation Prototype symbol
group

A5 ............................. PSn I 4 llamd C36 ......................... hP24 P6jlmmc

A6 ........................... In lymmrn C37 ....................... .... up12 Phnm
A7 ............................. clAs R3m c 3 8 ........................... tP6 P4/nmm
A8 ........................... ySe P3121 C40 ........................... hP9 P6222
A9 ............................. C(graphite) Pfjgjmrnc C42 ........................... 0112 lbam
A 10 ........................ aHg R3m C43 ....................... .... mP12 p211c
A l l ............................ dia Cmca C44 ........................... oF72 Fdd2
A12 .......................... aMn 1Z3m C46 ........................... oP24 Pma2
A13 ......................... PMn P4132 c 4 9 ........................... oC12 Cmcm
A14 ........................... 12 Cms c 5 4 ......................... oF24 Fddd
A15 ........................... CrgSi Pm3n DOa ........................... oP8 Pmmn
A16 ........................... as Fddd DO. ........................... t116 14lmcm
A17 ......................... P(black) Cmm Do; ......................... 1/16 I4/mcm
A 20 ........................... aU Cmtm DOd .......................... oP16 cmmn
B ............................ cou 1213 DO. ........................ 1132
B b ............................. 14.
r w n P3 DO2 ........................... el3 2 Im 3-
,.
B ............................ CaSi Cmmc DO3 ........................... cF16 Fm3m
Bd ............................. 11NiSi Phnm Do9 ........................... cP4 Pm3m
B e............................. CdSb Pbca DO1 1 ......................... of16 Pnma
......................... CrB DO17 .........................
::::.........................
h .............................
Cmcm
I 4 llamd DO18 .......................
oPl6
hP8
P42 lm
P6glmmc
~ 6 ~ 2 DO19 ......................... hP8 Pbglmmc
Bi .............................. P6glmmc DO20 ......................... oP 16 Pnma
Bk ............................ P6glmmc. DO21 ......................... hP24 P6gcm
B 1 ............................. ASS P211c DO22 ......................... t18 I4lmmm
Bm ......................... .... TiB P n ~ a 0023 ......................... 1116 14lmmm
B I ............................ NaCl Fm2m 0024 ......................... hP16 P6glmmc
B2 ............................. CsCl Pm3m D l , ........................... Ill0 141m
8 3 ........................... ZnS(sphalerite) F43m D l h ........................ 0120 lmma
B4 .............................
881..........................
ZnS(wurtzite)
NiAs
P6gmc ,.
D 1 ........................... a 0 Aha2
P6glmmc D l d ........................... tPl0 P4lnbm
B82........................ P6glmmc. D 1, ........................... tP20 P4lmhm
B9 .............................
B 10 .........................
B11 ............................
...

CUT~
P3121
P4Inmm
P4/nmm
;$ ........................
D 1f............................

...........................
3
oF40
hR15
Ill 0
F&id
R3m
14/mmm
813 ..................... ... NiS RTm D2h ........................... t12 6 14lmmm
B16 ........................... GeS Pnma tI28 14/mcm
8 17 ........................... PtS P4dmmc hP6 P6lmrnm
818 ........................... CllS
... P6glmmc cP36 Pm3m
B19 ........................... AuCd Pmma cF52 Fm3m
8 2 0 .................. . . . ... FeSi P213 t118 I4/mmm
626 ........................... cuo C2Ic oC28 Cm~m
827 .......................... FeB Pnma cP7 Pm3m
B29 ........................... SnS Pmcn cF112 Fm3c
B3 1 ........................... MnP Pnma tPl0 P41mbm
832 ........................... NaTl ~dSm hPlO Pbglmmc
B34 ........................... PdS P4dm el40 A3d
B35 ........................... P6/mmm hR5 R32
837 ........................... I4lmcm mP20 P21/c
ca............................. P6222 hRl0 Rzc
c b ............................. Fddd hP5 P3_m1
Ce ......................... .. 14 llamd ,180 la?
C, .............................
2 .............................
.............................
h
Aha2
C2/c
P61mmm
$80
oP20
tP40
Fd3m
Pnma
P4dnmc
ck ............................. P6drnmc oP20 Pnma
C1 ............................. Fm3m oP20 Pccn
c l b ........................... F43m hP5 P3m1
C2 ........................... Pa: mC14 C2/m
C3 .......................... Pn3m 0114 Itpmm
c 4 ............................. P4?jmnm hR7 R3m
C6 ........................... PTm l cF56 F_d3m
C7 ............................. P6g/mmc d28 1436
C8 ............................. P6222 cF116 Fm3m
C9 ........................... Fd3m tP30 P4gmnm
CIO ........................... Si02(a tridymite) P6glmmc cP39 Pm3
C1la .......................... I4lmmm mP22 P21/c
c l l b ....................... 14lmmm c11 62 Im?
C12 ........................... R3m (140 1m3m
C14 ........................... P6g/mmc 0128 lbam
CIS ....................... .. Fgm hP14 Pbglmmc
c15b ......................... F43m hR7 RTm
C16 ........................... 14In1cm hP20 p631m
C18 ........................... Pnnm t13 2 14lmcm
C19 ........................... R%I 1132 I4lmcm
C2 1 .......................... Phca d 52 1m3m
C22 ........................... P62m d 52 I$m
C23 ........................... Pnma cP52 P43m
C28 ....................... .... Pmnh cF116 Fm3m
C32 ........................... P6Immm hR13 R_3m
C33 ......................... R3m el7 6 143d
C34 ........................... C2/m
C35 ........................... Pnnm
(continued)
.. .-. .-
.. ..-... .
"- ....
 4 6lAppendix
1
.

Arranged Alphabetically by Strukturbericht Designation (continued)

Struktur- Struktur-
bericht Pearson Space bericht Pearson Space
desienation Prototme snnbol erou~ desienation Prototwe svmbol WOUD

P63lmcm P6gmc
FmTm C2Ic
R3m P213
P63/mmc R3m
Pnma Pnma
P6gmc ~&rn
P63Immc @3m
P4/nmm 142m
P211c FmTm
Cmcm Pm3m
P_/c I4/mmm
14% P6glmmc
Pm3m Fm3c
A P4lmmm
P4/mnc ~ 3 m
P62m PmSm
Ia3 P4/mmm
Pnma Fm3m
P63Immc ImTm
FAm P4/mmm
Temperature Conversions
'Ihe general arrangement of this table was devised by Sauveur and Boylston more than 40 years ago. The middle column of figures (in boldface type)
contains the readings (OFor OC)to be converted.If converting from degrees Fahrenheit to degrees Celsius. read the Celsius equivalent in the column headed
"C".If converting from Celsius to Fahrenheit, read the Fahrenheit equivalent in the column headed "F".
Temperature Conversions (continued)
 Appendix/4* 19

Abbreviations
antiphase structure ................. APS gas .......................................... G megapascal
- A
........................... ..MPa
atomic percent .......................at.% Gibbs energy ..........................G melting point ..........................M.P.
body-centered cubic .............. bcc gigapascal. .............................. GPa metallic element ................... ..M
body-centered tetragonal. ......bct greater than ............................> nanometer. ............................ ..nm
boiling point ...........................B.P. heat capacity ..........................C percent ....................................%
Celsius ...................................."C heat energy -.............................. -
Q pressure ..................................P
close-packed hexagonal ........ cph high temperature ....................HT room temperature. ..................RT
components ............................c increment (finite) ................... 6 solid ...................................... ..S
composition ...........................X increment (infinitesimally stable phases ........................... P
Curie temperature .................. TC small) ......................................A sublimation point ...................S.P.
degree (Angular).................... " interaxial angle .......................A, B, I-' temperature .............................T
degrees of freedom ................f internal energy ....................... E transformation temperature ...A
differential ..............................d Kelvin ..................................... K triple point .............................. T.P.
edge length ............................. a& kilobar .................................... kbar unknown ....................................
enthalpy .................................. H kilopascal ............................... kPa volume .................................... V
entropy ................................... S less than .................................. < weight percent ........................wt.%
face-centered cubic ................ fcc liquid ......................................L work energy ............................W
Fahrenheit ..............................OF low temperature .....................LT

Greek Alphabet
Greek English Creek English Greek English
letter Name equivalent letter Name equivalent letter Name equivalent

Alpha Iota Rho

Beta Kappa Sigma
Gamma Lambda Tau
Delta Mu Upsilon
Epsilon Nu Phi
Zeta Xi Chi
Eta Omicron Psi
Theta Pi Omega
Alloys Index
Ag-A1.......................................................... 2.25 AI-Ce .......................................................... 2.43 AI-W ...........................................................2.55
Ag-AS......................................................... 2.25 AI-Co .......................................................... 2.43 AI-Y ............................................................ 2.55
Ag-AU........................................................ 2.25 AI-Cr ....................................................... 2.43 Al-Yb .......................................................... 2.55
Ag-Au-Cu................................................. 3.5 Al-Cr-Fe ....................................................... 3.8 Al-Zn ........................................................... 2.56
Ag-Be ......................................................... 2.26 Al-Cr-Mg ................................................... 308-9 Al-Zr ........................................................... 2.56
Ag-Bi ......................................................... 2.26 Al-Cr-Mn ...................................................... 3.9 As-Au ..........................................................2.56
Ag-Ca ......................................................... 2.26 Al-Cr-Ni ....................................................... 3.9 As-Bi ........................................................... 2.57
Ag-Cd ....................................................... 2.27 Al-Cr-Ti ........................................................ 3.9 AS-Cd.......................................................... 2.57
Ag-Cd-CU.................................................. 305.6 A1-Cu ........................................................ 2.44 AS-CO.......................................................... 2.58
Ag-Cd-Zn .................................................. 3.6.7 Al-Cu-Fe .................................................. 3.9- 10 As-Cu .......................................................... 2.58
Ag-Ce ......................................................... 2.27 Al-Cu-Mn .............................................. 3 1 0 - 1 As-Fe ........................................................... 2.58
Ag-CO......................................................... 2.27 Al-Cu-Ni ................................................ 3 11- 12 As-Ga .......................................................... 2-59
Ag-CU......................................................... 2.28 Al-Cu-Si ..................................................... 3.12 As-Ge .......................................................... 2.59
Ag-Cu-Zn ..................................................... 3.7 Al-Cu-Zn ............................................... 3a 12- 13 As-In ........................................................... 2.59
Ag-Dy ......................................................... 2.28 AI-Er ........................................................... 2.44 As-K ............................................................ 2.60
Ag-Er .......................................................... 2.28 AI-Fe ........................................................... 2.44 As-Mn ......................................................... 2.60
Ag-Eu ........................................................ 2.29 Al-Fe-Mn ............................................... 3 13-14 As-Nd .......................................................... 2.a
............
Ag-Fe 2.29 Al-Fe-Ni ................................................ 3014-15 As-Ni ........................................................... 2.61
Ag-Ga .................................... .................2.29 Al-Fe-Si ................................................. 3015-16 As-P............................................................. 2.61
Ag-Gd........................................................ 2.30 Al-Fe-Zn ..................................................... 3.16 As-Pb........................................................... 2.61
Ag-Ge ......................................................... 2.30 AI-Ga .......................................................... 2.45 AS-Pd........................................................... 2.62
Ag-Hg ......................................................... 2.30 AI-Gd .......................................................... 2.45 As-S ............................................................. 2.62
Ag-Ho ......................................................... 2.3 1 AI-Ge .......................................................... 2.45 As-Sb........................................................... 2.62
Ag-In .......................................................... 2.31 A1-H ............................................................ 2.46 As-Se ........................................................... 2-63
Ag-La ......................................................... 2.3 1 AI-Hg .......................................................... 2.46 As-Si ........................................................... 2.63
Ag-Li ......................................................... 2.32 Al-HO.......................................................... 2.46 As-Sn ........................................................... 2.63
Ag-Mg ........................................................ 2.32 Al-In ............................................................ 2.47 As-Te........................................................... 2.64
Ag-MO........................................................ 2.32 AI-La........................................................... 2.47 AS-TI ........................................................... 2.64
Ag-Na ......................................................... 2.33 Al-Li ........................................................... 2.47 AS-Yb.......................................................... 2.64
Ag-Nd ........................................................ 2.33 A1-Mg ......................................................... 2.48 As-Zn .......................................................... 2.65
Ag-Ni.......................................................... 2.33 Al-Mg-Mn .................................................. 3.17 Au-Be .......................................................... 2.65
Ag-P ........................................................... 2.34 Al-Mg-Si................................................ 3 17-18 Au-Bi ........................................................... 2.65
Ag-Pb ......................................................... 2.34 Al-Mg-Zn ............................................. 3 18- 19 Au-Ca .......................................................... 2.66
Ag-Pb-Sn................................................... 307-8 AI-Mn ......................................................... 2.48 AU-Cd.......................................................... 2.66
Ag-Pd ......................................................... 2.34 Al-Mn-Si..................................................... 3- 19 Au-Ce .......................................................... 2.67
Ag-Pr .......................................................... 2-35 Al-Mo-Ni .................................................... 3.20 AU-CO.......................................................... 2.67
Ag-Pt .......................................................... 2.35 Al-Mo-Ti .................................................... 3.20 Au-Cr .......................................................... 2.67
Ag-S ........................................................... 2.35 A1-Nb ...................................................... 2.48 AU-Cu.......................................................... 2.68
Ag-Sb ......................................................... 2.35 AI-Nd .......................................................... 2.49 Au-Cu-Ni ........................................... 3022.23
Ag-SC.......................................................... 2.36 A1-Ni .................................................... 2.49 Au-Dy ......................................................... 2-68
Ag-Se .......................................................... 2.36 Al-Ni-Ti ................................................. 3-20-21 AU-Eu.......................................................... 2-68
Ag-Si .................................................... 2.37 AI-Pb ........................................................... 2.49 Au-Fe .......................................................... 2.69
Ag-Sm ........................................................ 2.37 Al-Pd ........................................................... 2.50 Au-Ga .......................................................... 2-69
Ag-Sn ......................................................... 2.37 AI-Pr ........................................................... 2.50 Au-Ge .......................................................... 2.69
Ag-Sr .......................................................... 2.38 AI-Pt ............................................................ 2.50 Au-Hg ......................................................... 2.70
Ag-Te ......................................................... 2.38 A1-S ............................................................. 2.51 Au-In ........................................................... 2.70
Ag-Ti .......................................................... 2.38 AI-Sb....................................................... 2.51 AU-K........................................................... 2.70
Ag-TI ...................................................... 2.39 AI-Se ........................................................... 2.5 1 Au-La .......................................................... 2.71
Ag-Y ........................................................... 2.39 AI-Si ............................................................ 2.52 Au-Li ........................................................... 2.71
Ag-Yb ........................................................ 2.39 Al-Si-Zn ................................................. 3.2 1-22 AU-Mg......................................................... 2.71
Ag-Zn ......................................................... 2.40 Al-Sn ........................................................... 2.52 Au-Mn ......................................................... 2.72
Ag-Zr ................................................... 2.40 AI-Sr ......................................................... 2.52 Au-Na .......................................................... 2.72
AI-As .......................................................... 2.40 AI-Ta ...........................................................2.53 Au-Nb ......................................................... 2.73
Al-AU........................................................ 2.41 A1-Te........................................................... 2.53 Au-Ni .......................................................... 2-73
AI-Ba .......................................................... 2.41 AI-Th .......................................................... 2.53 AU-Pb.......................................................... 2.73
AI-Be .......................................................... 2.41 AI-Ti ........................................................... 2.54 AU-Pd.......................................................... 2.74
AI-Bi ........................................................... 2.42 A1-Ti-V ....................................................... 3.22 Au-Pr ........................................................... 2.74
AI-Ca .......................................................... 2.42 AI-U ............................................................ 2.54 AU-Pt........................................................... 2.74
Al-Cd ....................................................... 2-42 Al-V ............................................................ 2.54 AU-PU.......................................................... 2.75
Au-Rb .................................................. 2.75 Bi-Ga ......................................................... 2.99 Ca-Ni ........................................................2 19
Au-Sb ..................................................... 2.75
Au-Se ....................................................... 2.76
Au-Si ........................................................ 2.76
..
Bi-Ge ..........................................................2.99
Bi-Hg ........................................................2 100
Bi-In .......................................................... 2 I00
Ca-0 ..........................................................2.120
Ca-Pb .........................................................
Ca-Pd ................................................2 120
2.120

Au-Sn ...................................................... 2.76

Au-Sr .......................................................... 2.77 ..
Bi-K ..........................................................2.100
Bi-La .........................................................2 101
Ca-Pt..........................................................2 121
Ca-Sb ......................................................... 2 121
Au-Te ......................................................... 2.77
Au-Th ......................................................... 2.77
Au-Ti ..........................................................2.78
Bi-Li..........................................................
..
2 101
Bi-Mg .......................................................2 I01
Bi-Mn .......................................................2 102
Ca-Si..........................................................
Ca-Sr .........................................................
Ca-TI .........................................................
2.121
2 122
2 122
Au-TI .......................................................... 2.78
Au-U...........................................................2.78
Au-V........................................................... 2.79
.
Bi-Na ........................................................ 2.102
Bi-Nd ........................................................2 102
Bi-Ni .........................................................2 103
Ca-Yb ........................................................

Cd-Cu ........................................................
2 122
Ca-Zn ........................................................ 2 123
2 123
Au-Yb ....................................................... 2.79 Bi-Pb ......................................................... 2- 103 Cd-Eu ........................................................2 123
Au-Zn .........................................................2.79
Au-Zr ......................................................... 2.80
B-C ............................................................. 2-80
..
Bi-Pd .........................................................2.103
Bi-Pt .......................................................... 2 104
Bi-Rb ........................................................ 2 104
Cd-Ga ........................................................2 124
Cd-Gd ........................................................2.124
Cd-Ge ........................................................ 2 124
B-C-Fe...................................................3.23-24 Bi-S ...........................................................2*104 Cd-Hg ........................................................ 2 125
B-CO........................................................ 2.80
B-Cr ............................................................ 2.81
Bi-Sb .........................................................
.2.105
Bi-Se .........................................................2 105
Cd-In .........................................................2 125
Cd-La ........................................................2.1 25
B-CU........................................................... 2.81
B-Fe ....................................................... 2.81
B-Mn .......................................................... 2.82
Bi-Sn ......................................................... ..
Bi-Sm ........................................................ 2.106
2 106
Bi-Sr ..........................................................2 106
Cd-Li .........................................................2.126
Cd-Mg ....................................................... 2 126
Cd-Na ........................................................ 2 126
B-MO......................................................... 2.82
B-Nb ........................................................... 2.82
B-Ni ............................................................ 2.83
.
Bi-Te ......................................................... 2.107
Bi-T1..........................................................2 107
Bi-U .......................................................... 2 1 0 7
Cd-Ni.........................................................2 127
Cd-P .......................................................... 2 127
Cd-Pb ........................................................ 2 127
B-Pd ............................................................ 2.83 Bi-Y ..........................................................2 108 Cd-Sb ........................................................ 1 2 8
B-Pt ............................................................ 2.83 Bi-Yb ........................................................ 2.108 Cd-Sb-Sn............................................... 3.35-36
B-Re ........................................................ 2.84 Bi-Zn .........................................................1 0 8 Cd-Se .........................................................2 128
B-Ru .......................................................2.84 Bi-Zr .........................................................2.109 Cd-Sm ....................................................... 2.1 28
B-Sc ..........................................................2.84 C-Co..........................................................2.109 Cd-Sn ........................................................2 129
B-Si ............................................................ 2.85 C-Cr .......................................................... 2.109 Cd-Sr ......................................................... 2 129
B-Ta............................................................ 2.85 C-Cr-Fe ..................................................3.24-25 Cd-Te ........................................................2 129
B-Ti ............................................................ 2.85 C-Cr-Mo ................................................3025-26 Cd-Th ........................................................ 2.130
B-V ............................................................ 2.86 C-Cr-N ....................................................3.26 Cd-TI .........................................................2 130
B-W ........................................................... 2.86 C-Cr-V ................................................... 3026-27 Cd-Y .......................................................... 2130
B-Y ............................................................. 2.86 C-Cr-W .......................................................3.27 Cd-Yb........................................................1 3 1
B-Zr ............................................................ 2.87 C-Cu.......................................................... 2.110 Cd-Zn ........................................................2 131
Ba-Ca......................................................2.87 C-Cu-Fe .................................................3027-28 Ce-Co ..................................................... 2 131
Ba-Cd ..................................................... 2.87 C-Fe .......................................................... 2 110 Ce-Cu ........................................................ 2 132
Ba-Cu ......................................................... 2.88 C-Fe-Mn ................................................3028-30 Ce-Fe .........................................................2 132
Ba-Ga ........................................................ 2.88 C-Fe-Mo ................................................ 3030-31 Ce-Ga ........................................................ 2.133
Ba-Ge ..................................................2.88 C-Fe-N ................................................... 3031-32 Ce-Ge ........................................................ 2 133
Ba-H ...........................................................2.89 C-Fe-Ni .......................................................3.32 Ce-In .......................................................... 2 133
Ba-Hg ......................................................... 2.89 C-Fe-Si................................................... 3033-34 Ce-Ir ..........................................................2 134
Ba-In ......................................................2.89 C-Fe-V ........................................................3.34 Ce-Mg ....................................................... 2 134
Ba-Li .......................................................... 2.90 C-Fe-W ...................................................... 3.35 Ce-Mn ....................................................... 2 134
Ba-Mg .....................................................2.90
Ba-Na .......................................................2.90
C - H f ...................................................2 111
..
C-La ..........................................................2 1I 1
Ce-Ni .........................................................2 135
Ce-0 .......................................................... 2 135
Ba-P ............................................................2.91
Ba-Pb ..........................................................2.91
Ba-Se .......................................................2.91
C-Mn.........................................................
.2 I 1I
C-Mo .........................................................2 112
C-Ni .......................................................... 2 12
Ce-Pd ................................................... 2 135
Ce-Pu .........................................................2 136
Ce-S...........................................................2 136
Ba-Si........................................................... 2.92 C-Pr........................................................... 2 I 12 Ce-Si.......................................................... 2136
Ba-Te .......................................................... 2.92
Ba-T1 ........................................................2-92
Ba-Zn..........................................................2.93
..
C-Sc ..........................................................2 1 13
C-Si ...........................................................2 1I3
C-Ta ..........................................................2 113
Ce-Sn ......................................................... 2 137
Ce-Te .........................................................2 137
Ce-Ti ......................................................... 2 137
Be-Co ......................................................... 2.93 C-Th ..........................................................2 I 14 Ce-TI ......................................................... 2 138
Be-Cr .......................................................... 2.93 C-Ti ........................................................... 2 114 Ce-Zn ....................................................2 138
Be-Cu .......................................................2.94 C-U ...........................................................2 114 C1-Cs ........................................................ 2 138
Be-Fe .......................................................... 2.94 C-V ........................................................... 2 115 Cl-Ga ......................................................... 2 139
Be-Hf .......................................................... 2.95 C-W .......................................................... 2 15 CI-Hg......................................................... 2 139
Be-Nb .........................................................2.95 C-Y ....................................................2 1 15 C1-In ..........................................................2 139
Be-Ni ..........................................................2.95 C-Zr .......................................................... 2 I 16 Cl-Na ......................................................... 2 140
Be-Pd .......................................................... 2.96
Be-Si .........................................................2.96
Be-Th.......................................................... 2.96
..
Ca-Cd ........................................................2 16
Ca-Cu ........................................................ 2 116
Ca-Ga ........................................................2 117
Co-Cr.........................................................
Co-Cr-Fe ...............................................3.36-37
Co-Cr-Ni .....................................................
2 140

3.37
Be-Ti ..........................................................2.97
Be-W .......................................................... 2.97
Be-Zr .........................................................2.97
Ca-Ge ........................................................
.2 1 17
Ca-Hg........................................................ 2 117
Ca-In ........................................................ 2 118
Co-Cr-Ti......................................................3.38
Co-Cr-W ..................................................... 3.38
Co-Cu ........................................................2.140
Bi-Ca .......................................................... 2.98 Ca-Li ......................................................... 2 I 18 Co-Dy ........................................................ 2 141
Bi-Cd ..........................................................2.98 Ca-Mg ....................................................... 2. 118 Co-Er ......................................................... 2 141
Bi-Cs .......................................................... 2.98 Ca-Na ........................................................2.1 19 Co-Fe ......................................................... 2 141
Bi-Cu .......................................................... 2.99 Ca-Nd........................................................2 I 19 Co-Fe-Mo............................................3.38-39
Co-Fe-Ni ............................................... 3039.40 Cr-Ti-W ......................................................3.49 Dy-S ..........................................................2 1 8 5
Co-Fe-W ................................................ 3.40.41 Cr-U .......................................................... 2 161 Dy-Sb .......................................................8 5
Co-Ga ....................................................... 2.142 Cr-V ..........................................................2 I62 Dy-Sn ........................................................2 1 8 6
CO-Gd....................................................... 2.142 Cr-W .........................................................2 162 Dy-Te ........................................................ 2.186
Co-Ge ....................................................... 2.142 Cr-Zr .....................................................2 62 Dy-TI .........................................................2 1 8 6
Co.Hf ........................................................ 2.143 Cs-Ge ......................................................2 163 Dy-Zr ................... . ..................................2.187
CO-HO....................................................... 2.143
Co-Mn ...................................................... 2.143
CO-MO...................................................... 2.144
.
CS-Hg........................................................ 2 163
Cs-In .........................................................2 I63
Cs-K ..........................................................2 I64
Er-Fe..........................................................2 1 8 7
Er-Ga ......................................................... 2 1 8 7
Er-Ge ......................................................... 2 1 8 8
Co-Mo-Ni................................................... 3.41 Cs-Na ........................................................2 164 Er-In ......................................................... 2 1 8 8
CO-Nb....................................................... 2.144 CS-0.......................................................... 2.164 Er-Mn ........................................................2 1 8 8
CO-Nd....................................................... 2.144 Cs-Rb ........................................................20 165 Er-Ni .........................................................2 1 8 9
Co-Ni ........................................................ 2.145 CS-S .......................................................... 2 I65 Er-Pd ........................................................2 1 8 9
Co-Ni-Ti ..................................................... 3-41 CS-Sb ........................................................ 2 165 Er-Pt ..........................................................1 8 9
CO-P.......................................................... 2.145 Cs-Se ......................................................... 20 166 Er-Ru ......................................................1 9 0
Co.Pd ........................................................ 2.145 Cs-Sn ........................................................ 2 166 Er-Se .......................................................1 9 0
Co-Pr ........................................................ 2.146 Cs-Te ........................................................ 2 166 Er-Te .........................................................2 1 9 0
CO-Pt........................................................ 2.146
CO.PU...................................................... 2.146
Co-Re ....................................................... 2.147
.
CS-TI......................................................... 2 167
Cu-Dy .......................................................2 167
Cu-Er ........................................................ 2 167
Er-Ti ..........................................................2 1 9 1
Er-TI ......................................................... 2 1 9 1
Eu-Ga ........................................................2.191
CO-S.......................................................... 2.147 CU-EU........................................................2 I68 Eu-Ge ........................................................2 1 9 2
CO-Sb........................................................ 2.147 Cu-Fe ........................................................ 2 168 Eu-In.......................................................... 2.192
Co.Se ........................................................ 2.148 Cu-Fe-Ni................................................3049-50 Eu-Mg .....................................................2 1 9 2
Co-Si ........................................................ 2.148 Cu-Ga ........................................................ 2 168 Eu-Pb.........................................................2 1 9 3
CO-Sm...................................................... 2.148 CU-Gd.......................................................2 169 Eu-Pd ......................................................... 20 193
Co-Sn ........................................................ 2.149 Cu-Ge....................................................... 2 I69 Eu-Pt........................................................2 1 9 3
Co-Ta........................................................ 2.149 Cu-H ......................................................... 2 169 Eu-Te .................................................. 2194
CO-Tb....................................................... 2.149 CU-Hf........................................................ 2 I70 Fe-Ga .........................................................2.194
Co-Te........................................................ 2.150 CU-Hg.......................................................2 170 Fe-Gd ....................................................... 2 1 9 4
CO-Th....................................................... 2.150 Cu-In .........................................................20 I70 Fe-Ge....................................................... 2 1 9 5
Co-Ti ........................................................ 2.150 Cu-Ir.......................................................... 2. I7 1 Fe-H ..........................................................2 1 9 5
CO-V......................................................... 2.151 Cu-La ........................................................2- I71 Fe-Hf ......................................................... 2 1 9 5
CO-W........................................................ 2.151 Cu-Li......................................................... 2 171 Fe-Ho .......................................................2 1 9 6
CO-Y......................................................... 2.151 CU-Mg.......................................................2 172 Fe-Ir ..................................................... 2 1 9 6
Co-Zn ....................................................... 2.152 Cu-Mn....................................................... 2- 172 Fe-La .........................................................1 9 6
Cr-Cu ........................................................ 2 152 CU-Nb....................................................... 2 I72 Fe-Lu .................................................... 1 9 7
Cr-Fe ........................................................ 2.152 Cu-Nd ...................................................... 2 173 Fe-Mn ......................................................2 1 9 7
Cr-Fe-Mo ................................................... 3.42 Cu-Ni ........................................................ 2. I73 Fe-Mn-Ni .................................................... 3.53
Cr-Fe-N ...................................................... 3.43 Cu-Ni-Sn ...................................................3.50 Fe-Mo........................................................2a1 9 7
Cr-Fe-Ni ................................................ 3.43.44 Cu-Ni-Zn .................................................... 3.51 Fe-Mo-Nb .............................................3.53.54
Cr-Fe-W ..................................................... 3.45 CU-0.........................................................20 174 Fe-Mo-Ni .............................................. 3-54-55
Cr-Ga ........................................................ 2.153 CU-P.......................................................... 2 174 Fe-N ..........................................................1 9 8
Cr-Ge ........................................................ 2.153 CU-Pb........................................................20 I75 Fe-Nb ...................................................... 2 1 9 8
Cr-Hf ........................................................ 2.153 Cu-Pb-Zn ...............................................3 5 1-52 Fe-Nd ........................................................2 1 9 8
Cr-Ir .......................................................... 2.154 CU-Pd..................................................... 2 175 Fe-Ni .........................................................2.199
Cr-Lu ........................................................ 2.154 CU-Pt.........................................................20 I75 Fe-Ni-W ...................................................... 3.55
Cr-Mn ....................................................... 2.154 CU-PU........................................................ 2 176 Fe-0 .........................................................2 1 9 9
Cr-Mo ....................................................... 2.155 Cu-Rh........................................................ 2 176 Fe-P .......................................................... 2.200
Cr-Mo-Ni ................................................... 3.45
Cr-Mo-W.................................................... 3.46
Cr-Nb........................................................ 2.155
.
CU-S..........................................................2 I76
CU-Sb........................................................ 2 177
Cu-Sb-Sn ....................................................3.52
Fe-Pd ......................................................... 2.200
Fe-Pu .........................................................2.200
Fe-Rh ......................................................... 2.201
Cr-Nb-Ni ............................................... 3046.47 Cu-Se ..................................................... 2 7 8 Fe-S ...........................................................2.201
Cr-Nb-W .................................................... 3.47 Cu-Si .........................................................2 I78 Fe-Sb .................... . .................................2.202
Cr-Ni ........................................................ 2.155 Cu-Sn ........................................................2 178 Fe-Sc .........................................................2.202
Cr-Ni-Ti ............................................... .3.4 7.48 Cu-Sn-Zn ....................................................3.52 Fe-Se .........................................................2.202
Cr-Ni-W ..................................................... 3.48 Cu-Sr.........................................................20 I79 Fe-Si ........................................................ 2.203
Cr-0..........................................................2.156 Cu-Te ........................................................ 2 179 Fe-Sm ........................................................2.203
Cr-0s ........................................................ 2 156 CU-Th........................................................2 180 Fe-Sn .........................................................2.203
Cr-Pd ........................................................ 2 156 Cu-Ti .........................................................20 I 80 Fe-Tb .........................................................2*2W
Cr-Pt ......................................................... 2.157 Cu-TI ......................................................... 2 181 Fe-Te .........................................................2.204
Cr-Re ........................................................ 2.157 Cu-v ......................................................... 2 181 Fe-Th ....................................................... 2.204
Cr-Rh ........................................................ 2.157 CU-Yb.......................................................2.181 Fe.Ti ..........................................................2.205
Cr-Ru ........................................................ 2 158 Cu-Zn ........................................................2 I82 Fe-Tm ........................................................ 2.205
Cr-S ..........................................................2 158 Cu-Zr ........................................................20 I82 Fe-U .......................................................... 2.205
Cr-Sb ........................................................ 2.158 Dy-Fe ........................................................ 2 1 8 2 Fe-V ..........................................................202M
Cr-Sc ........................................................ 2.159 Dy-Ga .......................................................2.183 Fe-W .......................................................... 2a2M
Cr-Se ........................................................ 2.159 Dy-Ge .......................................................2.183 Fe-Zn ......................................................... 2*2M
Cr-Si ......................................................... 2.160 Dy-In .........................................................2 183 Fe-Zr .......................................................... 2.207
Cr-Sn ........................................................ 2.160 Dy-Mn ......................................................201M Ga-Gd........................................................2.207
Cr-Ta ........................................................ 2.160 Dy-Ni ........................................................2 1 8 4 Ga-Ho ........................................................2.207
Cr-Te ........................................................ 2.161
Cr-Ti ........................................................ 2.161 .
Dy-Pb ........................................................20 I84
Dy-Pd ........................................................2 I85
Ga-In .........................................................2.208
Ga-La ........................................................2.208
Ga-Li ........................................................ 2.208 Ge-Te ........................................................ 2.233 In-S ............................................................ 2.257
Ga-Lu ....................................................... 2.209 Ge-Ti......................................................... 2.233 In-Sb.......................................................... 2.258
Ga-Mg .....................................................2.209 Ge-TI ......................................................... 2.234 In-Sc .......................................................... 2.258
Ga-Mn ......................................................2.209 Ge-Tm......................................................2.234 In-Se .......................................................... 2.259
Ga-Mo ....................................................2.210 Ge-U ......................................................... 2.234 In-Si ........................................................... 2.259
Ga-Na .....................................................2.2 10 Ge-Y ......................................................... 2.235 In-Sm .........................................................2.260
Ga-Nb....................................................... 2.210 Ge-Yb ....................................................... 2.235 In-Sn ..........................................................2.260
Ga-Nd ............................................................ Ge-Zn ........................................................ 2.235 In-Sr ..........................................................2.260
Ga-Ni.....................................................2.2 11 H-La .......................................................... 2.236 In-Tb.......................................................... 2.261
Ga-Pb............................................................. H-Nb .........................................................2.236 In-Te .......................................................... 2.261
Ga-Pd.....................................................2.212 H-Nd ......................................................... 2.237 In-Th.......................................................... 2.261
Ga-Pr ........................................................2.212 H-Ni .......................................................... 2.237 In-Ti .......................................................... 2.262
Ga-Pt ........................................................2.212 H-Pd .......................................................... 2.237 In-T1 .......................................................... 2.262
Ga-Pu......................................................2.2 13 H-Sr .......................................................... 2.238 In-Tm ........................................................ 2.262
Ga-S.......................................................... 2.213 H-Ta .......................................................... 2.238 In-V ........................................................... 2.263
Ga-Sb........................................................ 2.214 H-Ti .......................................................... 2.238 In-Y ...........................................................2.263
Ga-Sc ......................................................2.214 H-U ...........................................................2.239 In-Yb ......................................................... 2.263
Ga-Se........................................................2.214 H-V ........................................................... 2.239 In-Zn.......................................................... 2.264
Ga-Sm ........................................................... H-Zr .......................................................... 2.239 Ir-La .......................................................... 2.264
Ga-Sn........................................................ 2.215 Hf-Ir ..........................................................2.240 Ir-MO......................................................... 2.264
Ga-Sr ................................................... 2.215 Hf-Mn ....................................................... 2.240 Ir-Nb.......................................................... 2.265
Ga-Tb ....................................................... 2.216 Hf-MO.......................................................2.240 Ir-Ni ........................................................... 2.265
Ga-Te........................................................ 2.216 Hf-N ..........................................................2.241 Ir-Pd .......................................................... 2.265
Ga-TI ........................................................ 2.216 Hf-Nb ........................................................ 2.241 Ir-Pt ...........................................................2.266
Ga-Tm ........................................................... Hf-Ni.........................................................2.241 Ir-Rh .......................................................... 2.266
Ga-U .........................................................2.217 Hf-0 .......................................................... 2.242 Ir-Ru ..........................................................2.266
Ga-V ......................................................... 2.217 Hf-0s ........................................................ 2.242 Ir-Ta ..........................................................2.267
Ga-Y ......................................................... 2.218 Hf-Rh ........................................................2.242 Ir-Th .......................................................... 2.267
Ga-Yb ....................................................... 2.218 Hf-Si ......................................................... 2.243 Ir-Ti ........................................................... 2.267
Ga-Zn ....................................................... 2.2 18 Hf-Ta ........................................................ 2.243 Ir-U ............................................................ 2.268
Ga-Zr ........................................................2.219 Hf-U .......................................................... 2.243 ~ r - ............................................................
v 2.268
Gd-Ge ....................................................... 2.219 Hf-V .......................................................... 2.244 Ir-W ...........................................................2.268
Gd-In ........................................................ 2.219 Hf-W ......................................................... 2.244 Ir-Zr ...........................................................2.269
Gd-Mg ................................................. 2.220 Hf-Zr ......................................................... 2.244 K-Na .......................................................... 2.269
Gd-Mn ......................................................2.220 Hg-In .........................................................2.245 K-Pb ..........................................................2.269
Gd-Ni........................................................2.220 Hg-K ......................................................... 2.245 K-Rb .......................................................... 2.270
Gd-Pb ............................................................ Hg-La ........................................................ 2.245 K-S ............................................................2.270
Gd-Pd ............................................................ Hg-Li ........................................................2.246 K-Sb .......................................................... 2.270
Gd-Rh....................................................... 2.221 Hg-Mg ......................................................2.246 K-Se ..........................................................2.271
Gd-Sb .....................................................2.222 Hg-Na .......................................................2.246 K-Sn .......................................................... 2.271
Gd-Se........................................................2.222 Hg-Pb ........................................................2.247 K-Te ..........................................................2.271
Gd-Sn ....................................................... 2.222 Hg-Rb ....................................................... 2.247 K-TI ........................................................... 2.272
Gd-Te .......................................................2.223 Hg-S .......................................................... 2.247 La-Mg ....................................................... 2.272
Gd-Ti ........................................................ 2.223 Hg-Se ........................................................2.248 La-Mn .......................................................2.272
Gd-T1........................................................ 2.223 Hg-Sn ........................................................ 2.248 La-Ni ......................................................... 2.273
Ge-Ho ....................................................2.224 Hg-Sr ........................................................2.248 La-Pb .........................................................2.273
Ge-In ........................................................ 2.224 Hg-Te ........................................................ 2.249 La-S ........................................................... 2.273
Ge-K ......................................................... 2.224 Hg-TI ........................................................ 2.249 La-Sb .........................................................2.274
Ge-La....................................................... 2.225 Hg-Zn........................................................2.249 La-Sc ......................................................... 2.274
Ge-Li ............................................................. Ho-In......................................................... 2.250 La-Se ......................................................... 2.274
Ge-Lu ....................................................... 2.225 Ho-Mn ...................................................... 2.250 La-Sn .........................................................2.275
Ge-Mg ......................................................2.226 Ho-Pd ........................................................ 2.250 La-TI ..........................................................2.275
Ge-Mn ...................................................... 2.226 Ho-Sb ........................................................ 2.251 La-Zn ......................................................... 2.275
Ge-Mo ...............................................2.227 Ho-Te ........................................................ 2.25 1 Li-Mg ........................................................ 2.276
Ge-Na ....................................................... 2.227 Ho-TI ........................................................2.251 Li-Na ......................................................... 2.276
Ge-Nb ....................................................... 2.227 In-K........................................................... 2.252 Li-Pb..........................................................2.276
Ge-Nd ....................................................... 2.228 In-La ......................................................... 2.252 Li-Pd.......................................................... 2.277
Ge-Ni .....................................................2.228 In-Li .......................................................... 2.252 Li-S ............................................................2.277
Cie-P..........................................................2.228 In-Lu .........................................................2.253 Li-Se..........................................................2.277
Ge-Pb....................................................2.229 In-Mg ........................................................ 2.253 Li-Si .......................................................... 2.278
Ge-Pd........................................................ 2.229 In-Mn ........................................................ 2.253 Li-Sn..........................................................2.278
Ge-Pr ........................................................ 2.229 In-Na ......................................................... 2.254 Li-Sr .......................................................... 2.278
Ge-Pt ................................................. 2.230 In-Nb......................................................... 2.254 Li-Te.......................................................... 2.279
Ge-S...................................................... 2.230 In-Nd ......................................................... 2.254 Li-TI .......................................................... 2.279
Ge-Sb........................................................2.230 In-Ni.......................................................... 2.255 Li-Zn ......................................................... 2.279
Ge-Sc ........................................................ 2.231 In-P ........................................................... 2.255 Lu-Pb.........................................................2.280
Ge-Se ........................................................ 2.231 In-Pb ......................................................... 2.255 Lu-TI ......................................................... 2*280
Ge-Si ............................................................. In-Pd .........................................................2.256 Mg-Mn ......................................................2.280
Ge-Sm ...................................................... 2.232 In-Pr ..........................................................2.256 Mg-Ni ........................................................ 2.281
Ge-Sn........................................................ 2.232 In-Pt ..........................................................2.256 Mg-Pb .......................................................2.281
Ge-Sr ........................................................ 2.232 In-Pu ......................................................... 2.257 Mg-Sb ....................................................... 2.281
Ge-Tb ....................................................... 2.233 In-Rb......................................................... 2.257 Mg-Sc........................................................ 2.282
Mg-Si........................................................ 2.282 Nb-Pt ......................................................... 2.305 P-Pd ........................................................... 2.330
Mg-Sm .......................................................... Nb-Rh ....................................................... 2.305 P-Pr............................................................ 2.330
Mg-Sn ....................................................... 2.283 Nb-RU....................................................... 2.305 P-Ru .......................................................... 2.33 1
Mg-Sr ....................................................... 2.283 Nb-Si ......................................................... 2.306 P-Sn ........................................................... 2.331
Mg-Th ...................................................... 2.283 Nb-Ta ........................................................ 2.306 P-Ti ............................................................ 2.331
Mg-TI ....................................................... 2.284 Nb-Th ........................................................ 2.306 P-Zn ........................................................... 2.332
Mg-Y ........................................................ 2.284 Nb-Ti ........................................................ 2.307 Pb-Pd ......................................................... 2.332
Mg-Yb ...................................................... 2.284 Nb-Ti-W ..................................................... 3.57 Pb-Pr .......................................................... 2.332
Mg-Zn ..................................................... 2.285 Nb-U ......................................................... 2.307 Pb-Pt ..........................................................2.333
Mg-Zr ....................................................... 2.285 Nb-V ......................................................... 2.307 Pb-Pu ......................................................... 2.333
Mn-Mo ..................................................... 2.285 Nb-W ........................................................ 2.308 Pb-Rb ........................................................ 2.333
Mn-N ........................................................ 2.286 Nb-Zr ........................................................ 2.308 Ph-Rh ........................................................ 2.334
Mn-Nd ...................................................... 2.286 Nd-Ni ........................................................ 2.308 Pb-S ........................................................... 2.334
Mn-Ni .................................................... 2.286 Nd-Pt ......................................................... 2.309 Pb-Sb .........................................................2.334
Mn-0 ........................................................ 2.287 Nd-Rh ....................................................... 2.309 Pb-Sb-Sn ............................................... 3.57.58
Mn-P ......................................................... 2.287 Nd-Sb ........................................................ 203W Pb-Se ......................................................... 2.335
Mn-Pd ....................................................... 2.287 Nd-Si......................................................... 2 10 Pb-Sn ......................................................... 2.335
Mn-Pr ....................................................... 2.288 Nd-Sn ........................................................ 2.3 10 Pb-Sn-Zn ..................................................... 3.58
Mn-Pu ...................................................... 2.288 Nd-Te ........................................................ 2.3 10 Pb-Sr .......................................................... 2.335
Mn-Sb ....................................................... 2.288 Nd-Ti ........................................................2 3 11 Pb-Te ......................................................... 2.336
Mn-Si........................................................ 2.289 Nd-TI ........................................................ 2.3 11 Pb-TI.......................................................... 2.336
Mn-Sm ..................................................... 2.289 Nd-Zn ........................................................2 11 Ph-Y .......................................................... 2.336
Mn-Sn ....................................................... 2.289 Ni-0 ......................................................... 2 3 12 Pb-Yb ........................................................ 2.337
Mn-Ti ....................................................... 2.290 Ni-0s ........................................................ 2.3 12 Pb-Zn ......................................................... 2.337
Mn-U ........................................................ 2.290 Ni-P ........................................................... 2.313 Pd-Pt .......................................................... 2.337
Mn-V ........................................................ 2.290 Ni-Pb ......................................................... 2.3 13 Pd-Pu .........................................................2.338
Mn-Y ........................................................ 2.291 Ni-Pd ......................................................... 2 3 14 Pd-Rh ........................................................ 2.338
Mn-Zn ...................................................... 2.291 Ni-Pr ......................................................... 2.3 14 Pd-Ru ........................................................ 2.338
Mn-Zr ....................................................... 2.291 Ni-Pt.......................................................... 2 3 14 Pd-S ........................................................... 2.339
Mo-N ........................................................ 2.292 Ni-Pu ........................................................ 2.3 15 Pd-Sb ......................................................... 2.339
Mo-Nb ...................................................... 2.292 Ni-Re ........................................................ 2.3 15 Pd-Se .........................................................2.339
Mo-Nb-Ti ................................................. 3.56 Ni-Rh .......................................................2 16 Pd-Si .......................................................... 2.340
Mo-Ni ....................................................... 2.292 Ni-Ru ........................................................ 2.3 16 Pd-Sm ........................................................ 2.340
Mo-Ni-Ti .................................................... 3.56 Ni-S ........................................................... 2.3 16 Pd-Sn ......................................................... 2.340
Mo-Ni-W .................................................... 3.56 Ni-Sb ......................................................... 2.3 17 Pd-Te ......................................................... 2.341
Mo-0 ........................................................ 2.293 Ni-Sc ......................................................... 2.3 17 Pd-Ti.......................................................... 2.341
Mo-0s ...................................................... 2.293 Ni-Se ......................................................... 2.3 17 Pd-TI .......................................................... 2.342
Mo-P ......................................................... 2.293 Ni-Si .......................................................... 2 18 Pd-U .......................................................... 2.342
Mo-Pd ....................................................... 2.294 Ni-Sm ....................................................... 2.3 18 Pd-V .......................................................... 2.342
Mo-Pt ........................................................ 2.294 Ni-Sn ......................................................... 2 3 18 Pd-W ......................................................... 2.343
Mo-Pu ....................................................... 2.294 Ni-Ta ..................................................... 2.3 19 Pd-Y ..........................................................2.343
Mo-Rh ...................................................... 2.295 Ni-Te ......................................................... 2.3 19 Pd-Yb ........................................................ 2.343
Mo-Ru ...................................................... 2.295 Ni-Ti ...................................................... 2 3 19 Pd-Zn ......................................................... 2.34
Mo-S ......................................................... 2.295 Ni-U .......................................................... 2.320 Pr-Sh.......................................................... 2.34
Mo-Si ........................................................ 2.296 Ni-V .......................................................... 2.320 Pr-Se .......................................................... 2*3M
Mo-Ta ....................................................... 2.296 Ni-W ......................................................... 2.320 Pr-Si ..........................................................2.345
Mo-Ti ....................................................... 2.296 Ni-Y .......................................................... 2.321 Pr-Sn .......................................................... 2.345
Mo-Ti-W .................................................... 3.57 Ni-Yb ........................................................ 2.321 Pr-Te.......................................................... 2.345
Mo-U ........................................................ 2.297 Ni-Zn ........................................................ 2.321 Pr-TI .......................................................... 2.346
Mo-V ........................................................ 2.297 Ni-Zr ......................................................... 2.322 Pr-Zn ......................................................... 2.346
Mo-W ....................................................... 2.297 Np-Pu ........................................................ 2.322 Pt-Rh ......................................................... 2.346
Mo-Zr ....................................................... 2.298 Np-U ......................................................... 2.322 Pt-Si ........................................................... 2.347
N-Nb ......................................................... 2.298 0-Pb .......................................................... 2.323 Pt-Sn .......................................................... 2.347
N-Ni.......................................................... 2.298 0-Pr .......................................................... 2.323 Pt-Te .......................................................... 2.347
N-Ta ......................................................... 2.299 0-PU.......................................................... 2.323 Pt-Ti .......................................................... 2.348
N-Th ......................................................... 2.299 0-Sn .......................................................... 2.324 Pt-TI .......................................................... 2.348
N-Ti .......................................................... 2.299 0-Ti ......................................
. . l't-U ...........................................................2.348
N-U ........................................................... 2.300 0-V .......................................................... 2.325 Pt-V ........................................................... 2.349
N-Zr .......................................................... 2.300 0-W .......................................................... 2.325 Pt-Zr .......................................................... 2.349
Na-0 ........................................................ 2.300 0-Y ........................................................... 2.326 Pu-Sc ......................................................... 2.349
Na-Pb ........................................................ 2.301 0-Zr .......................................................... 2.326 Pu-U .......................................................... 2.350
Na-Rb ....................................................... 2.301 0s-Pt .........................................................2.326 Pu-Zn ......................................................... 2.350
Na-S.......................................................... 2.301 0s-PU........................................................ 2.327 Pu-Zr .........................................................2.350
Na-Sb ........................................................ 2.302 0s-Re ........................................................2.327 Rb-Sb ...................................................... 2.35 I
Na-Se ........................................................ 2.302 0s-Rh ........................................................ 2.327 Rb-Se .........................................................2.351
Na-Sn ........................................................ 2.302 0s-Ru ........................................................2.328 Rb-TI .........................................................2 3 5 1
Na-Sr ........................................................ 2.303 0s-Si ......................................................... 20328 Re-Ru ........................................................ 2.352
Na-Te ........................................................ 2.303 0s-Ti ......................................................... 2.328 Re-Si.......................................................... 2.352
Na-TI ........................................................ 2.303 0s-U ......................................................... 2.329 Re-Te .........................................................2.352
Nb-Ni ........................................................ 2.304 0s-V .............. 2.329 Re-U .......................................................... 2.353
Nb-0s ....................................................... 2.304 0s-W ......................................................... 2.329 Re-V ..........................................................2.353
Nb-Pd ....................................................... 2.304 0s-Zr .........................................................20330 Rh-Se ......................................................... 2.353
Rh-Ta........................................................ 2.354 Se-Te......................................................... 2.364 Ta-Th .........................................................2.373
Rh-Ti ....................................................2.354 Se-TI .........................................................2.364 Ta-Ti.......................................................... 2.374
Rh-U .........................................................2.354 Se-Tm .......................................................2.364 Ta-U .......................................................... 2.374
Rh-V .........................................................2.355 Se-U .......................................................... 2.365 Ta-V .......................................................... 2.374
Ru-Si ....................................................2.355 Si-Sn ......................................................... 2.365 Ta-W .........................................................2.375
Ru-Ta........................................................2.355 Si-Sr ..........................................................2.365 Ta-Zr .........................................................2.375
Ru-Ti ....................................................... 2.356 Si-Ta .........................................................2.366 Tb-TI ......................................................... 2.375
Ru-U ......................................................... 2.356 Si-Te .........................................................2.366 Te-TI ..........................................................2.376
Ru-V ......................................................... 2.356 Si-Th .........................................................2.366 Te-U .......................................................... 2.376
S-Se ......................................................... 2.357 Si-Ti ..........................................................2.367 Te-Yb ........................................................2.376
S-Sn .......................................................... 2.357 Si-U...........................................................2.367 Te-Zn .........................................................2.377
S-Te .......................................................... 2.358 Si-V........................................................... 2.367 Th-Ti ......................................................... 2.377
S-Ti........................................................... 2.358 Si-Zn .........................................................2.368 Th-TI ......................................................... 2.377
Sb-Se ........................................................ 2.358 Si-Zr ..........................................................2.368 Th-Zn ........................................................ 2.378
Sb-Si......................................................... 2.359 Sm-Sn ....................................................... 2.368 Th-Zr .........................................................2.378
Sb-Sm .......................................................2.359 Sm-TI ........................................................2.369 Ti-U ...........................................................2.378
Sb-Sn ........................................................ 2.359 Sm-Zn .......................................................2.369 Ti-V ...........................................................2.379
Sb-Sr......................................................... 2.360 Sn-Te ........................................................2.370 Ti-W .......................................................... 2.379
Sb-Tb....................................................... 2.360 Sn-Ti .........................................................2.370 Ti-Y ...........................................................2.379
Sb-Te ......................................................2.360 Sn-TI .........................................................2.370 Ti-Zr ..................................................!.......2.380
Sb-TI.........................................................2.361 Sn-U.......................................................... 2.371 TI-Yb .........................................................2.380
Sb-U ..................................................... 2.361 Sn-Y ..........................................................2.371 TI-Zn ......................................................... 2.380
Sb-Y ......................................................... 2.361 Sn-Yb ........................................................2.371 U-Zr ...........................................................2.381
Sb-Zn ........................................................ 2.362 Sn-Zn ........................................................2.372 V-W ........................................................... 2.381
Sc-Ti.........................................................2.362 Sn-Zr......................................................... 2.369 V-Zr ...........................................................2.381
Sc-Y..........................................................2.362 Sn-Zr .........................................................2.372 W-Zr ..........................................................2.382
Sc-Zr ......................................................... 2.363 Sr-Te .........................................................2.372 Y-Zn .......................................................... 2.382
Se-Sn ........................................................ 2.363 Sr-TI..........................................................2.373 Y-Zr ...........................................................2.382
Se-Sr .........................................................2.363 Sr-Zn......................................................... 2.373 Yb-Zn ........................................................ 2.383

.ad:: I ,
..
. I1). T. I ?
t . ...
i ,<
Subject Index
Cobalt-12% iron-6% titanium alloy.
microstructure of ...................................... 1.22
Acicular eutectic microstructure ........... 1.19. 20
Age hardening
development of .......................................... 1.25
.
Cobalt-tungsten-carbon phase diagram ......1.29
Components of system ................................ 1.2
Composition conversion .............................. 1 18
Edge length of a crystal ............................... 1.10
Electric-motor housings. eliminating
cracks in .................................................. 1.28

.
process ....................................................... 1.22
Allotropy ........................................................ 1 1
Composition scales ...................................... 1 18
Congruent phase change ................................ 1.4
Electronics. eliminating the"purple
plague" ..................................................... 1.28
End-centered space lattice ........................... 1-15
Alloy design use of phase diagrams in .. 1.25-26
Alpha stabilizers in titanium ....................... 1.23
Aluminum housings eliminating cracks in . 1.28
Congruent phase transformation .............1.4. 10
Congruent point ............................................ 1 10
Conjugate phases ............................................ 1.3
. Enthalpy ...................................................... 1.6
Entropy ......................................................... 1.7
Aluminum-alloy microstructures
aluminum-33% copper ................................ 1 19
aluminum-silicon .................................... 1.19. 20
. Constitutional diagram ................................... 1.2

.
Continuous solid solution ........................ 1.2. 18
Cooling curves ................................. 1 15. 16. 17
Equilibrium ................................................. 1.1
diagram ........................................................ 1.2
Eutectic
aluminum- 18% silver .................................. 1.22
Aluminum phase diagrams. discussion of
aluminum-bismuth .................................... 1.28
Copper alloys, microstructureof specific types
C23000 ................................................ 1.22. 23
C24000 ................................................ 1.22. 23
microstructures .................................... 1 19-20.
alloys ........................................................ 1.3

reaction .................................................... 1.3. 5

aluminum-copper ................................. 1.22. 23 C26000 ............................................... 1.22. 23 soft solder ................................................ 1.20
aluminum-gold ..................................... 1.28. 29 Eutectoid
C27000 ................................................ 1.22. 23
aluminum-iron ...................................... 1026.27 C28000 ............................................... 1.22. 23 microstructures .................................... 1020.2 1
aluminum.lead .......................................... 1 -28 C71500 ..................................................... 1 1 8 reaction ..................................................... 1.5
Aluminum-copper system ..................... 1022.23 Copper nickel. 30%. microstructure
Anorthic crystal system ........................ 1 10. 15
Austenite ................................................. 1.23
of ............................................................... 1.18
Copper-zinc phase diagram ......................... 1=22 Face-centered space lattice ......................... 1 15 .
stabilizers ............................................. 1.25
Austenitic stainless steels. new alloy
development ........................................... 1.26
.
Copper-zinc system ...................................... 1.22
Coring .................................................... 1 18. 19
Critical point .................................................. 1.2
Ferrite ........................................................... 1.23
stabilizers .................................................. 1.25
Filigreed eutectic microstructure ................ 1.20
Crystal
.
description .................................................. 1 10
dimensions ........................................... 1.10. 15
First Law of Thermodynamics ...................... 1.6
First-order phase transition ......................... 1.10
Freezing cur~es............................................ 1 16 .
Base-centered space lattice .......................... 1.15
ordering ...................................................1 10
Beta stabilizers in titanium .......................... 1a23
properties. use in phase-diagram C
Binary alloy phase diagrams ............... 2.25-383 determination .................................. 1 17- 18
Binary alloys index .................................. 2.5.21 structure ............................................... 1. 10-17 Gibbs energy ............................................. 1.7. 8
Binary system or diagram description ...... 1.2.4 systems ..................................................... 1.10 curves ................................................. 1.6. 7. 10
Bivariant equilibrium ..................................... 1.2
Body-centered space-lattice ........................ 1 15 . Crystal-structure
nomenclature ....................................... 1.15.16
Gibbs. J . Willard ...................................... 1.2. 10
Gibbs-Konovalov Rule ............................ 1.8. 10

..
Brasses .......................................................... 1.22
Bravais lattice ............................................... 1 10
Burning ......................................................... 1 19
prototypes ..................................................1.16
Cubic crystal system ............................. 1.10. 15
Cutting tools. eliminating brittleness of
Gibbs phase rule ............................................. 1.2
Globular eutectic microstructure .......... 1019.20
Gray cast iron. class 30. microstructure of 1.26
carbide ......................................................1*28 Guinier-Preston zones ................................. 1.21
C
Carbide cutting tools. eliminating brittleness

..
of ............................................................ 1.28 Decinary system or diagram .......................... 1.2 Hack-saw blades. development of welding
Carbides in steels ......................................... 1.24 Degrees of freedom ........................................ 1 2 technique ............................................ 1.26.27
Cartridge brass Dendrites .......................................................I 19 Hardfacing. alloy improvement .................. 1.27
Cast irons .......................................... 1023.24 26 . Dendritic Heat capacity .............................................. 1.6
Catatectic reaction ......................................... 1.5

.
Cementite ...................................................... 1.23
Chinese script ......................................... 1 19. 20
microstructure .........................................
segregation ....................................... 1 18. 19
Differential thermal analysis .......................1 17
.. 1.20 Heat content .................................................. 1.6
Heating elements. improving performance
of ......................................................... 1027-28
.
Clapeyron Benoit ........................................
Clausius. Rudolf ........................................ 1.7. 8
Clausius-Clapeyron equation ...................1.8. 10
1.8 Disordered crystal structure ......................... 1.10
Ductile cast iron. grade 60.40.12.
microstructure of ...................................... 1.26
Helmholtz. Hermann von .............................. 1.6
Hexagonal crystal system ...................... 1 10. 1 5
Higher-order phase transition ..................... 1 10
.
Closed thermodynamic system ..................... 1.5 Duralumin alloys .......................................... 1.25 Horizontal sections of a ternary diagram ..... 1.5
Hot short .....................................................
Housings. eliminating cracks in ....................-28
1.19 .
Liquation ...................................................... 1 19
Liquidus .......................................................... 1.2
reading of ............................................. 1018.22
Phase field
Hypereutectic alloys ...................................... 1.3 Long-period ordering ...................................1.11 description ...................................................1.2
Hypereutectoid alloys ..................................1.21 Low brass. 80%. microstructure of ............ 1.22 rule ...............................................................1.7
Hypoeutectic alloys ....................................... 1.3 M Phase-fraction lines ...............................1.17. 19
Hypoeutectoid alloys ................................... 1-21 Phase rule
Magnesium-37% tin alloy. microstructure description ...................................................1.2
of ..............................................................1.19 violations ............................................... 1.9. 10

Idiomorphic particles ................................... 1.20

Incongruent phase change ............................. 1.4
Muntz metal. 60%. microstructure of .........1.22
Mayer. Julius ..............................................
Melting ...............................................
1.6
1.2. 16
Physical properties. use in phase-diagram
determination ..........................................1 18 .
Planck. Max ....................................................1.7
Indium-tin alloy (50-50) .............................. 1.19 Metallography. use in phase-diagram Polymorphism ................................................ 1.1
Interaxial angle of a crystal .........................1.10 determination .......................................... 1.18
Precipitation hardening ...............................1.22
Intermediate phases ....................................... 1.4 Metastable Pressure-temperature phase diagrams .......... 1.2
Intermetallic compounds ............................... 1.4
Internal energy ...............................................1 5
Intersection of phase-field boundaries ....1.8. 10
. equilibrium ..............................................1.1. 4
phases ...........................................................
Metatectic reaction .........................................1*5
1
Primary constituent ......................................1.20
Primitive space lattice .................................1 15
Processing. use of phase diagrams in .... 1.26.27
.
Interstitial solid solution ........................1.15. 16 Miscible solids ................................................ 1.2
Proeutectoid constituent ..............................1.21
Miscibility .......................................................1.2
Invariant
equilibrium ..................................................1.2 Mixtures .......................................................... 1.8
Projected views of a ternary diagram ........... 1.5
Prototype crystals ........................................ 1 16 ..
point .............................................................1.2
reactions ...................................................1.5
Iron-alloymicrostructures
Monoclinic crystal system .................... 1.10. 15
Monotectic reaction ........................................1 5
Monotectoid reaction ..................................... 1*5
. Pseudobinary ..................................................1 5
Pseudobinary sections of a ternary
diagram ...................................................... 1.5
iron.0.8% carbon ....................................... 1.21 Monovariant equilibrium ............................... 1.2 "Purple plague. * eliminating in solid-state
iron.24.8% zinc .........................................1.22 electronics ............................................... 1.28
Iron-carbon
phase diagram ............................................ 1a25 Nernst. Walter .................................................1a7
system ...........................................1.23.25 Nichrome heating elements. improving Quasibinary sections of a ternary diagram ... 1.5
transformation temperatures ..............1.24. 25
Iron-cementite
phase diagram ............................................
system ..................................................1.23.25
1.25
life of ..................................................
Nickel-base hardfacing alloy. improving... 1.27
Nickel-20% chromium- 1% aluminum alloy.
1.27.28

microstructure of .....................................1.22
..
Quaternary system or diagram ...................... 1.2
Quinary system diagram ...........................1.2

transformation temperatures ..............1.24. 25 Nickel-chromium-iron heating elements.

Iron-chromium-nickel system .....................1.25 improving life of ............................... 1.27.28 Red brass. 85%. microstructure of ..............1.22
Iron phiw diagrams. discussion of Nickel-sulfur phase diagram .......................1.27 Reversible process ......................................... 1.7
iron-chromium ...........................................1.26 Nodular eutectic microstructure .................1.20 Rhombohedra1 crystal system ...............1.10. 15
iron-chromium-nickel ............................... 1.27 Nonary system or diagram ............................. 1.2 Richards. Theodore ........................................1.7
iron-manganese .........................................1.27 Roberts.Austen. William ............................. 1.23
iron-manganese-carbon ............................1.27 Rod eutectic microstructure ........................1.20
iron-nickel ................................................ 1a26 Octanary system or diagram ..........................1.2
Irreversible process ........................................1.7 Ordered crystal structure............................. 1.10
Isopleths of a ternary phase diagram ............. 1.5 Ordered structure ......................................... 1.10
Isothermal contour lines ................................1.5 Second Law of Thermodynamics...............106.7
Orthorhombic crystal system ................1.10. 15
Isothermal sections of a ternary Septenary system or diagram ........................ 1.2
diagram ...................................................... 1a 5 Sexinary system or diagram ..........................1.2
Simple space lattice .....................................1.15
Pearlite ........................................................ 1.2 1 Solid-solution mechanisms ............. 1.15. 16- 17
Pearson. William B ...................................... 1.15 Solid-state precipitation ........................1.2 1-22
Joule. James .................................................
1.6 Solidification .................................................1 19
Pearson symbols ..........................................1.15
Performance. Use of phase diagrams to Solidus ............................................................1.2
improve ...............................................1.27.28 Solutions .........................................................1.8

Konovalov. Dmitry ...................................... 1 10 .

Kelvin. Lord ...................................................1.7
Peritectic reaction ...........................................
Peritectoid reaction ........................................1.5
Permanent magnets. alloy development of 1.26
1.5 Solution hardening ....................................... 1.17
Solvus .............................................................
Space-group notations .................................1.16
1.3

Phases ..............................................................
1 1 Space lattices ..........................................1 10, 15
Phase-field-boundary Spherical eutectic microstructure ...............1.20
Lamellar eutectic microstructure ..........1.19. 20 curvatures ..............................................1.9. 10 Stable equilibrium .......................................... 1 1
Lattice constants......................................... 1.10 extensions ................................................ 1.3. 4 State variables ................................................ 1.1
Lattice parameters ........................................ 1.10 intersections .......................................... 1*8. 10 Steels. microstructures of ............................1.24
Lattice points ................................................1.15 Phase diagrams Steel, stainless type 18-8 ............................. 1.27
Law of Conservation of Energy .................... 1.6 construction errors ............................... 1.9. 1-0 Steel, welding high-speed to low-
Le Chltelier. Henri ......................................... 1.7 description .................................................... 1.2 alloy ...................................................... 1.26-27
Ledeburite .....................................................
1.24 determination ....................................... 1.17. 18 Structure prototypes .....................................1.16
Leverrule .......................................... 1.17. 18-19
Line compounds .......................................1.4. 18
features ...................................................
.
107.10
lines and labels .......................................... 1 18
Strukturbericht designations .......................1 1 6
Sublimation curves ........................................1.2
Substitutional solid solution .................. 1. 15. 17
.
Superlattices ................................................. 1 10
Syntectic reaction .......................................... 1.5
Tie lines ........................................................... 1 8
Tie triangles .................................................... 1.8
Tin-alloy microstructures
Univariant equilibrium .................................. l a 2
Unstable equilibrium ..................................... 1.1

Systems ....................................................... 1.1.2 tin-indium (50-50) .....................................1 19

T tin-lead ....................................................... 1.20

Temperature-composition phase diagrams ... 1.2

Terms related to phase diagrams ............... 1 1-2 .

Terminal phases ........................................ 1.3. 18
Titanium-alloyphme diagrams
titanium-aluminum ....................................1.24
titanium-chromium ....................................1.24
..........................
Vaporization curves....................................... 1.2
diagram .......... 1.5
Volume fraction ........................................ 1.29
titanium-vanadium ....................................1a24
Ternary-alloy phase diagrams ................. 305.58 Titanium, binary systems with .....................1.23
Ternary system or diagram .................... 1.2. 4-5
Tetragonal crystal system ...................... 1 10. 15 .
Theorem of Le Chltelier ................................ 1.7
Triclinic crystal system ......................... 1.10. 15
Trigonal crystal system ................................1.10 Welding. use of phase diagrams in
technique development ..................... la26-27
Thermodynamic modeling of phase
.
diagrams ................................................... 1 18
Thermodynamic principles ........................ 1 - 5 7
Triple curve ..................................................... 1.2
Triple point .....................................................1a2

Third Law of Thermodynamics ..................... 1.7 Yellow brass. 65%. microstructure

Thomson. William .......................................... 1.7
Three-phase equilibrium ................................ 1.3
Unary system 0. diagram ............................... 1.2
Unit cell of a crystal .....................................1 10 . of .............................................................. 1.22