RDTD
RDTD
RDTD
Short-circuit current
the short-circuit current that could flow during fault is known as the
‘prospective short-circuit current’ (PSCC), and any device installed
to protect against such a current must be able to break it.
Figure1 shows PSCC over one half-cycle; t1 is the time taken to
reach the total time taken from start of fault to extinguishing of the
arc. ‘ cut-off’ when the current is interrupted, and t2 the total time
taken from start of fault to extinguishing of the arc.
During the ‘pre-arcing’ time t1, electrical energy is passing through
the protective device into the conductors. This is known as the
‘pre-arcing let-through ’ energy and is given by ( If2t) where If is the
short-circuit current at ‘cut-off ‘ The total amount of energy let-
through into the conductors is given by (If2t )
Fig.1
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Electrical Installation Lecture No.6 Dr. Mohammed Tawfeeq Lazim Al-Zuhairi
Fig.2
During short circuit , the cable is carrying the fault current during the time
it takes the protective device to operate and disconnect the circuit.
Because this time is very short the cable is heated adiabatically. The
fault current depends on the earth fault loop impedance Zs. This
impedance is the sum of the impedance of the circuit cable and the
impedance of the protective conductor.
In most cases the protective device will have a breaking capacity greater
than the prospective short circuit current, and this allows one to assume
that the current will be disconnected sufficiently quickly to prevent
overheating during a short circuit. The cable size selected from the
rating tables for the working current is then adequate.
In other cases a further check must be made by means of the formula
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Electrical Installation Lecture No.6 Dr. Mohammed Tawfeeq Lazim Al-Zuhairi
where:
s = minimum csa of the cable
I = fault current
t = disconnection time in seconds
K = Short circuit factor:
Example 1
Example 1.4
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Electrical Installation Lecture No.6 Dr. Mohammed Tawfeeq Lazim Al-Zuhairi
Solution
As the nine circuits will be balanced over three phases, each phase will
feed three rows of fittings:
Ib per phase = 3x32.8 = 98.4 A.
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Electrical Installation Lecture No.6 Dr. Mohammed Tawfeeq Lazim Al-Zuhairi
Cable selection
From Table (3-5) column 4, It = 101 A, giving a cable size of 25 mm 2.
Thermal checking:
The impedance of the 25 mm2 cable from Table (A) is 0.864 Ω/km or
2x0.864 = 1.728 Ω/km (go and return).
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Electrical Installation Lecture No.6 Dr. Mohammed Tawfeeq Lazim Al-Zuhairi
Setting of protection In
Cable selection
From IEE Regulations Table (3-5) column 4, It ≥ 80 A = 101 A and
conductor size will be 25 mm2.
From Table (3-23) column 3, the mV drop for a 25 mm2 conductor is1.51
mV.
Add this to the sub-main single-phase drop, and the total will be:
Thermal checking:
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Electrical Installation Lecture No.6 Dr. Mohammed Tawfeeq Lazim Al-Zuhairi
Table (A)
X' كم ( في درجة حرارة/Ω R' كم ( في درجة حرارة/Ω المقطع العرضي
) مئوية07 ) مئوية07
(mm2 )وعدد النواقل