Techtopics No. 32: Capacitor Switching Applications

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TechTopics No. 32
Capacitor switching applications
Capacitor switching is an application for which vacuum circuit The worst situation occurs when the inductance between
breakers are well suited. In fact, it was the first practical the two capacitor banks is very low, and the second bank
application of vacuum switching devices in the late 1950s. The is connected to the bus when the system voltage (and the
reason that vacuum is well suited as a switching technology voltage on the first capacitor bank) is at an instantaneous
for capacitive circuits is because the rate of increase of the maximum. Under this situation, the natural frequency of the LC
dielectric capability of the contact gap following interruption is circuit is extremely high.
extremely high. For these reasons, the inrush current peak and the inrush
The major challenge for any circuit breaker in capacitor current frequency for back-to-back capacitor bank switching
switching relates to initial energization of capacitor banks. must be limited. The applicable limits for the peak current and
While energizing one bank (isolated bank switching) is severe, the inrush current frequency are shown as follows:
paralleling of capacitor banks, commonly referred to as back-to-
Peak inrush current must be limited to 10 kA or less.
back switching, is far more onerous. If two capacitor banks are
located in close proximity, high inrush currents can occur when
Inrush current frequency should not exceed 4,240 Hz.
one capacitor is already energized and the second capacitor
bank is switched in. To compound the situation, these inrush
currents can be of very high frequency.
Answers for infrastructure.

The capacitive current switching capability of the circuit
breaker must account for the increase of current over
nameplate capacitor bank ratings. ANSI/IEEE C37.012-2005,
clause 6.10.1, discusses this in some detail. The required
current switching capability and the continuous current rating
of the conductors used to feed the capacitor bank must be
increased to account for the following:

The manufacturing tolerance for kVAr of capacitors is
–0 percent, +15 percent.1

The capacitors can be continuously energized at up to
10 percent overvoltage, which increases the capacitive
current by the same amount.

Capacitors will carry harmonic currents as a result of the
capacitor connections, and because capacitors present a low-
impedance path for the flow of harmonic currents. Depending
on the manner of connection, these currents may be as high
as 10 percent.
The information provided in this document contains merely general
To account for these factors, the capacitor current calculated descriptions or characteristics of performance which in case of actual
based on nameplate ratings must be increased by a factor use do not always apply as described or which may change as a result of
of 1.35 to determine the capacitive current switching further development of the products. An obligation to provide the
capacity required of the switching device, and to determine respective characteristics shall only exist if expressly agreed in the terms
of contract.
the continuous current carrying capacity required of the
connections to the capacitor bank. This factor is required by All product designations may be trademarks or product names of
C37.012, as well as by the National Electrical Code® Siemens AG or supplier companies whose use by third parties for their
(see 460-24). own purposes could violate the rights of the owners.
Footnote:
Siemens Industry, Inc.
1
Note that C37.012-2005 states tolerance on kVAr as -0% to +15%, while
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IEEE 18-2002 revised the tolerance to -0% to +10%. Other codes
Wendell, NC 27591
(particularly the NEC®) have not reduced the adjustment factor from 1.35.
Subject to change without prior notice.
Order No.: E50001-F710-A321-X-4A00
All rights reserved.
© 2012 Siemens Industry, Inc.
For more information, contact: +1 (800) 347-6659
www.usa.siemens.com/techtopics

Techtopics No. 32: Capacitor Switching Applications

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Techtopics No. 32: Capacitor Switching Applications

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www.usa.siemens.

Answers for infrastructure.

For more information, contact: +1 (800) 347-6659

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