Volte Architecture

http://TelecomTutorial.
info
VoLTE Evolution & Architecture
VoLTE
• VoLTE Fundamentals
• Handset Requirements
• LTE Network Support
• IMS Architecture
• CS Network Support
• QCI & Prioritization of VoLTE
Disclaimer : Views expressed in this blog or Video are strictly mine
Traffic over Radio and not of my employers or Equipment Manufacturers
http://TelecomTutorial.info
What is VoLTE
Originating Network
Terminating Network
LTE IMS
LTE or
IP Network PSTN
Calling Party PSTN or LTE IP
Network Called Party
IMS enables a packet-based network to provide multiple services

on single Control/Service Layers via different access network.
• Access agnostic
• Services independent
Key Drivers to IMS • Open architecture
• Multi-device
• Vendor independent
VoLTE Building blocks
VoLTE : Voice over LTE VoLTE Benefits to users
• Voice calls over a 4G LTE network • HD Voice
• LTE Packet Network used for carrying voice • Fast Call connection (0.25s)
payload over all IP Network
SIP Enabled LTE Network IMS Core Voice Core

User Equipment Radio , Core ( SIP Network ) PSTN
Handset
IP Nw
SIP
SERVER http://TelecomTutorial.info
VoLTE Network - Building blocks
SIP Enabled IMS Core
LTE Network Voice Core
Smartphone or
Handset
Radio , Core (SIP) PSTN
1 2 3 4
• SIM Card (ISIM) • Radio • SIP Servers • Control Plane
 IMPI  EnodeB  P-CSCF  MSS
 IMPU  I-CSCF  MSC
 S-CSCF
• Handset • LTE Core • User Plane
 SIP-UA  MME , SGW , • Other IMS Core  MGW
PGW  TAS
 HSS  BGw
 DNS  MRF
 PCRF
VoLTE Handset Components (User Equipment)
Universal Integrated
Circuit (UICC)
1
SIM USIM ISIM
GSM LTE VoLTE SIP User Agent (SIP-UA)
• SIP User Agent (SIP-UA)

1. Resides in the UE
IMPI IMPU 2. Transmit & receive SIP Messages
3. Provides telephony functionality
• Private Entity • Public Identity
4. Can act as
• Global identity • Like a • User Agent Client (UAC) : send SIP request
allocated by telephone No. • User Agent Server (UAS) : As a server to
home network SIP URI , Ex : tel receive requests and send response
:- +919810602654
SIP Enabled
Smartphone or LTE Network IMS Core Voice Core
Handset Radio , Core (SIP) PSTN
1 2 3 4
Universal
Integrated
Circuit (UICC)
 IMPI
 IMPU
SIP User
Agent (SIP-
UA)
LTE Architecture Control
Plane
User
2 Plane
S6a
MME HSS OCS PCRF
S11 Gy Gx
LTE-UU enB
ENodeB
S1-U S-GW S5 P-GW
SGi
Internet
IMS
Control Plane
User Plane
User Equipment LTE Network IMS Core Voice Core
1 2 3 4
Universal
Integrated
Circuit (UICC)
SIP User
Agent (SIP-
UA)
IMS VoLTE Architecture & Specs
3
IMS SPECS
3GPP 23.228
• GSMA FCM.01
• GSMA IR.92
LTE to VoLTE Journey
S6a
MME HSS PCRF
enB S11 Gx
S-GW P-GW
S5
SGi
eNB ( EnodeB )
MME ( Mobility Management Entity )
Internet SGW ( Serving Gateway )
HSS ( Home Subscriber Server )
PCRF ( Policy charging rules function )
PGW ( Packet Gateway )
Here is IMS
S6a
MME HSS PCRF
enB S11 Gx
S-GW P-GW
IMS
S5 IP Telephony
SGi
IMS ( IP Multimedia Subsystem )

Internet
SIP Server
SIP
Server
S6a
MME HSS PCRF
enB S11 Gx
Media Other IMS

S-GW P-GW Networks / PSTN
S5 Gateway
SGi
SIP Service
Internet • Session set-up, session tear-down, session control
and routing functions.
• Records for billing purposes for all sessions
• SIP registrar for VoLTE UEs http://TelecomTutorial.info
Media Gateway
SIP
Server
S6a
MME HSS PCRF
enB S11 Gx
Media Other IMS

S-GW P-GW Networks / PSTN
S5 Gateway
SGi
Media Gateway
• Responsible for the control/media plane
interworking at the network
Internet
• Interconnect point to circuit-switched networks.
• Transcoding of the media plane.
• Interconnect to other IMS Networks
Role of IPCAN
SIP
IP Connectivity Access Network (IP-CAN) Server
Internet Access
Network
Media Other IMS
LTE Gateway Networks / PSTN
Or Wifi
Or DSL , Cable
The Proxy
Proxy CSCF
Or
SIP P-CSCF SIP Server
LTE
Proxy S-CSCF
Media Other IMS

SIP Proxy Gateway Networks / PSTN
• First Point of Entry point to IMS Network
• Typically Belongs to VPLMN
• Function : Integrity of SIP Messages , Ensures the security ,
Authenticates & identity of the UE
• Find out Home SIP Server & Routes Traffic to same
The Interrogator
Interrogator SIP Server

LTE SIP Proxy
I-CSCF S-CSCF
P-CSCF
HSS
Interrogator
• Belongs to Home Network
• Interrogates the HSS to determine SIP Server Media Other IMS
• During Registration Gateway Networks / PSTN
• During MT Call routing
HSS ( Home Subscriber Server )
Interrogator SIP Server

LTE SIP Proxy
I-CSCF S-CSCF
P-CSCF
HSS
HSS (Home
Subscriber
Server)
HSS ( Home Subscriber Server ) Media Other IMS

• Stores Profile of User Gateway Networks / PSTN
• Equivalent to HLR of Circuit Domain
The Telephony App Server (TAS)
SIP Proxy Interrogator SIP Server

LTE
P-CSCF I-CSCF S-CSCF
Telephony App
HSS Server
(TAS)
Telephony App Server

• Types of App Servers : Telephony Service , Video Service
, Multimedia Service
• TAS : Telephony Brain to IMS & Equivalent to MSC
Media Other IMS
• Provides : Call waiting, hold, forwarding, transfer , Networks / PSTN
Gateway
blocking services, Malicious Caller Identification , Lawful
interception , Announcements, , Conference
Media Control

LTE
HSS TAS
Media Control Media

• Control for media channels Control
• Performs Call Related Signaling for calls with PSTN ( ISUP ) Media Other IMS
• Performs protocol conversion between ISUP and the IM Gateway Networks / PSTN
subsystem protocols
Media Gateway

LTE
HSS TAS
Media Gateway
• Voice Payload handling Media
• Interface between IP / PSTN Network Control Other IMS
• RTP to PCM & Vice versa conversion Media Networks / PSTN
• Codec Handling Gateway
• Echo cancellation
( IBCF & TrGW ) , ( MGCF & IMS-MGW )

LTE
HSS TAS
IBCF SIP/IMS PSTN MGCF

All Media Entities Control Control
• IBCF (Interconnection Border Control Functions) IMS PSTN
• TrGW (Transition Gateway)
TrGW Gateway Gateway IMS-MGW
=============================================
• MGCF (Media Gateway Control Function) Other IMS Other PSTN
• IMS-MGw (IP Multimedia-Media Gateway Function) Networks Networks
ATCF & ATGW

LTE
Access
ATCF
Control
Media ATGW TAS
Gateway
HSS
IBCF MGCF
All Media Entities
• ATCF (Access Transfer Control Function)
TrGW IMS-MGW
• ATGW (Access Transfer Gateway)
Other IMS Other PSTN

Networks Networks
All Media Entities

LTE
ATCF
ATGW HSS TAS
All Media Entities IBCF MGCF

• ATCF (Access Transfer Control Function)
• ATGW (Access Transfer Gateway) TrGW IMS-MGW
• IBCF (Interconnection Border Control Functions)
• TrGW (Transition Gateway)
• MGCF (Media Gateway Control Function) Other IMS Other PSTN
• IM-MGw (IP Multimedia-Media Gateway Function) Networks Networks
PCRF (Policy and Charging Rule Function)
PCRF
Gx Rx

LTE
Gm P-CSCF I-CSCF S-CSCF
ATCF
ATGW
PCRF (Policy and Charging Rule Function) HSS TAS

• Apply Policy to PDN or IPCAN Session - Provides
priority of Bearers used for Making VoLTE calls & SIP
Signaling ( QCI – 1 for Voice , QCI – 5 for SIP ) IBCF MGCF
• Helps Voice call to pass thru even in case of Radio TrGW IMS-MGW
Congestion
• Act as Anchoring point between PCSCF & PGW over Other IMS Other PSTN
Gm Protocol reference Point Networks Networks
MRF ( Media Resource Function )
PCRF

LTE
ATCF
ATGW
MRF
HSS TAS
MRF ( Media resource function )
• Deals with Call conferencing & things
associated with RTP Mixing such as IBCF MGCF
transcoding, multiparty conferencing, network TrGW IMS-MGW
announcements/tones, etc.
• It is also used for Announcement & Media Other IMS Other PSTN
related functionalities Networks Networks
BGCF .. B Number routing Table
PCRF

LTE
ATCF
ATGW
MRF
HSS TAS
BGCF ( Breakout Gateway Control BGCF
Function )
• BGCF does routing the call to destination IBCF MGCF
Network TrGW IMS-MGW
• Equivalent to Routing Table in Network ,
Similar to B Table of MSC Other IMS Other PSTN
Networks Networks
Complete VoLTE IMS Picture
PCRF
Control Layer
Session and
SIP Proxy SIP Interrogator SIP Server
LTE
ATCF
ATGW MRF
Services
App &
BGCF
Layer
HSS TAS
IBCF MGCF
Transport
TrGW IMS-MGW
Layer
Other IMS Other PSTN
Networks Networks
Practical deployment
External
PCRF
1 Cloud IMS Hardware
SIP Proxy SIP Interrogator SIP Server

LTE I-CSCF S-CSCF
P-CSCF Cloud MRF
External ATCF
ATGW
4
2 SBC
Gateway BGCF
MRF
TAS
HSS
External 3
IBCF MGCF Cloud TAS
TrGW IMS-MGW
BONUS TIP External
The Big Picture ..
User Equipment LTE Network IMS Core Voice Core

1 2 3 4
Universal
Integrated
Circuit (UICC)
SIP User
Agent (SIP-
UA) TrGW IMS-MGW
What if LTE Radio is Congested ??
Packet Packet
Resource
Priority QCI Delay Error Loss Example Services
Type
Budget Rate
1 5 non-GBR 100ms 10−6 Volte , IMS Signaling
2 1 100ms 10−2 Volte , Conversational Voice
3 3 50ms 10−3 Real Time Gaming, V2X messages
Guaranteed
Volte , Conversational Video (Live
4 2 Bit Rate 150ms 10−3
Streaming)
(GBR)
Non-Conversational Video (Buffered
5 4 300ms 10−6
Streaming)
6 6 300ms 10−6
7 7 non-GBR 100ms 10−3 Internet Services , Video (Buffered
Streaming) TCP-Based (for example,
8 8 300ms 10−6
Best Effort www, email, chat, ftp, p2p and the like)
9 9 300ms 10−6
Changes in Core Network to support VoLTE
• Default & dedicated • Sv Link – SRVCC • Sv Link – SRVCC
Bearer Enable • IMS APN SGW / PGW • IMS & MGW – IP
• IMS APN IP Pool Selection Reachability
• PGW - SBC / PCSCF • Paging Policy - VoLTE • Break in & Break out
Reachability Calls Calls Config
• Disable Gy for IMS • QCI – 1,5 Testing & • Common Codec
Validation between MSS &
IMS
Packet Core Packet Core Voice Core

SGW / PGW MME MSS / MSC
BONUS TIP
I don’t have I-SIM in my Network ?
Do existing 3G or LTE customer using USIM need

to go for SIM Swap for availing VoLTE Services ?
USIM itself can be used to Avail VoLTE Services , Deriving the IMPU and IMPI for
authentication can be done by VoLTE stack/client residing on the UE ( ISIM is not
Mandatory )
Derived
IMPI :- <IMSI>@ims.mnc<3-digit MNC>.mcc<3-digit MCC>.3gppnetwork.org
Derived
IMPU :- <MSISDN>@ims.mnc<3-digit MNC>.mcc<3-digit MCC>.3gppnetwork.org
Thanks
VISIT MY WEBSITE
http://telecomtutorial.info
FOR
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Vikas Shokeen
[email protected]

Volte Architecture

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What are the main components of VoLTE?

What are the main components of VoLTE?

How does VoLTE work?

How does VoLTE work?

http://TelecomTutorial.

IMS enables a packet-based network to provide multiple services

SIP Enabled LTE Network IMS Core Voice Core

• SIP User Agent (SIP-UA)

IMS ( IP Multimedia Subsystem )

Media Other IMS

Media Other IMS

Media Other IMS

Interrogator SIP Server

Interrogator SIP Server

HSS ( Home Subscriber Server ) Media Other IMS

SIP Proxy Interrogator SIP Server

Telephony App Server

SIP Proxy Interrogator SIP Server

Media Control Media

SIP Proxy Interrogator SIP Server

SIP Proxy Interrogator SIP Server

IBCF SIP/IMS PSTN MGCF

SIP Proxy Interrogator SIP Server

Other IMS Other PSTN

SIP Proxy Interrogator SIP Server

All Media Entities IBCF MGCF

SIP Proxy Interrogator SIP Server

PCRF (Policy and Charging Rule Function) HSS TAS

SIP Proxy Interrogator SIP Server

SIP Proxy Interrogator SIP Server

SIP Proxy SIP Interrogator SIP Server

User Equipment LTE Network IMS Core Voice Core

Packet Core Packet Core Voice Core

Do existing 3G or LTE customer using USIM need

Free Download – Video 1080p (MP4)

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