Designation: C465 − 10

Standard Specification for

Processing Additions for Use in the Manufacture
of Hydraulic Cements1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C465; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

1. Scope* Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or [50-mm] Cube

1.1 This specification pertains to the criteria and tests to be Specimens)
used for determining whether a(n) organic or inorganic pro- C114 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Hydraulic
cessing addition, when used in the recommended amount at the Cement
option of the cement producer in the manufacture of hydraulic C115 Test Method for Fineness of Portland Cement by the
cements, meets the requirements as prescribed by definition in Turbidimeter
Specifications C150, C1157, C845, and C595. The materials C138/C138M Test Method for Density (Unit Weight), Yield,
listed in the following former ASTM Specifications shall be and Air Content (Gravimetric) of Concrete
considered as meeting the organic processing additions re- C143/C143M Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic-Cement
quirements of this specification: Concrete
C150 Specification for Portland Cement
C150 – 62, for Portland Cement
C205 – 58 T, for Portland Blast-Furnace Slag Cement C151 Test Method for Autoclave Expansion of Hydraulic
C340 – 58 T, for Portland Pozzolan Cement Cement
C358 – 58, for Slag Cement C173/C173M Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed
Concrete by the Volumetric Method
1.2 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the C185 Test Method for Air Content of Hydraulic Cement
test methods described in this specification. This standard does Mortar
not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, C187 Test Method for Amount of Water Required for Nor-
associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this mal Consistency of Hydraulic Cement Paste
standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices C191 Test Methods for Time of Setting of Hydraulic Cement
and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior by Vicat Needle
to use. C192/C192M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as Specimens in the Laboratory
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this C204 Test Methods for Fineness of Hydraulic Cement by
standard. Air-Permeability Apparatus
C205 Specification for Portland Blast-Furnace Cement; Re-
2. Referenced Documents
placed by C 595 (Withdrawn 1967)3
2.1 ASTM Standards:2 C226 Specification for Air-Entraining Additions for Use in
C33 Specification for Concrete Aggregates the Manufacture of Air-Entraining Hydraulic Cement
C39/C39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylin- C231 Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed Con-
drical Concrete Specimens crete by the Pressure Method
C78 Test Method for Flexural Strength of Concrete (Using C293 Test Method for Flexural Strength of Concrete (Using
Simple Beam with Third-Point Loading) Simple Beam With Center-Point Loading)
C109/C109M Test Method for Compressive Strength of C340 Specification for Corkboard Thermal Insulation; Re-
placed by C 640 (Withdrawn 1967)3
1
C358 Specification for Slag Cement; Replaced by C 595
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C01 on (Withdrawn 1967)3
Cement and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C01.20 on Additions.
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2010. Published March 2010. Originally C595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements
approved in 1961. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as C465–09. DOI: C596 Test Method for Drying Shrinkage of Mortar Contain-
10.1520/C0465-10. ing Hydraulic Cement
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [email protected]. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
the ASTM website. www.astm.org.

*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard

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 C465 − 10
C617 Practice for Capping Cylindrical Concrete Specimens potassium oxide (K2O). There shall also be calculated the
C845 Specification for Expansive Hydraulic Cement potential percentages of the following compounds: tricalcium
C1157 Performance Specification for Hydraulic Cement silicate, dicalcium silicate, tricalcium aluminate, and tetracal-
D891 Test Methods for Specific Gravity, Apparent, of Liquid cium aluminoferrite. Determinations for the percentage of the
Industrial Chemicals addition shall be made, both on the control cements and on
E203 Test Method for Water Using Volumetric Karl Fischer those with which the addition was interground, using the
Titration method proposed therefore by the sponsor.
3.2 Aggregates—The fine and coarse aggregates shall com-
3. Materials ply with Specification C33; the coarse aggregate shall comply
3.1 Cements: with the grading requirements for Size No. 57 or Size No. 67.
3.1.1 In cases where it is desired that the proposed organic A sufficient quantity from a single lot of coarse aggregate and
processing addition be accepted for general use in portland from a single lot of fine aggregate shall be provided to
cement, tests shall be made on cements prepared from at least complete all tests. To prevent the segregation of particle sizes
five different clinkers. As a minimum, these clinkers shall in the fine aggregate, a single lot of sand sufficient for all tests
represent two Type I cements containing not less than 9.0 % shall either (1) be separated on the 4.75-mm (No. 4), 1.18-mm
C3A, one Type II cement, and two Type III cements, all (No. 16), 300 µm (No. 50), and 150 µm (No. 100) sieves and
conforming to Specification C150. then be recombined in the required quantity for each batch; or
3.1.2 In cases where it is also desired that the proposed (2) be blended while in a damp condition, and maintained in
organic processing addition be used in blended cements, the that condition for the duration of the tests. Under option (2),
test and test procedures shall be as specified with a control and lots of appropriate size for single mortar and concrete batches
an addition for cement conforming to the appropriate Specifi- shall be carefully split or quartered from the entire batch.
cation C595 or C1157.
3.1.3 Organic processing additions which have been shown 4. General Requirements
to meet the requirements of this specification may also be used 4.1 Processing additions shall conform to the respective
in cements conforming to Specification C845. Testing of the requirements in this specification.
addition with these special cements, where desired, shall be
done using the tests and test procedures as specified with a 4.2 The trade name, source, character of the material, and
control cement and a cement containing the addition, both means for the quantitative determination of the addition in the
conforming to Specification C845. finished cement shall be furnished by the sponsor,
3.1.4 In cases where it is desired that the proposed organic manufacturer, or supplier of the addition, and the information
processing addition be limited in use to specific types of shall form a part of the record of tests of the addition. If the
cement less in number than required in 3.1.1, the tests and test processing addition is a liquid, the specific gravity and percent
procedures shall be as specified, and at least two pairs of water content shall also be part of the record. If the processing
cements shall be prepared from two clinkers from different addition is an inorganic solid, the allowable ranges of chemical
plants for each type under specific consideration. analysis of the addition shall also be part of the record.
3.1.5 For inorganic processing additions, or in cases where 4.2.1 The specific gravity, run in accordance with 7.1.1 shall
it is desired that the proposed organic processing addition be be within 60.05 units of the value reported in 4.2.
limited in use to a single plant, the tests and test procedures 4.2.2 The chemical analysis in 7.2.1 shall be within the
shall be as specified and at least two pairs of cements shall be ranges given in 4.2.
prepared from clinker representing each type under specific 4.3 Processing additions shall be evaluated by comparing
consideration. cements containing the addition to otherwise identical cements
3.1.6 The two companion cements to be made from any one from the same source without the addition, or containing a
clinker shall be ground to the same fineness within 7 m2/kg processing addition which has been shown to comply with this
when tested in accordance with Test Method C115 or within 13 specification using control cements without any additions,
m2/kg when tested in accordance with Test Method C204, and hereinafter designated the “control” cement.
the SO3 content, expressed as a percentage of the cement mass
and reported to the nearest 0.01 %, shall differ by not more 4.4 The amount of the processing addition to be interground
than 0.3, so as to afford comparable samples for indicating the with the cement for evaluation purposes shall be determined by
effect of the addition on the cement. Each control cement shall the sponsor of the addition.
comply with all requirements in the specification applicable to 4.4.1 The amount of the addition in the cement containing
that type of cement, and shall not contain the proposed addition the addition and showing compliance with the requirements of
when tested by the method furnished by the producer or seller this specification shall be determined quantitatively by means
of the addition. of the quantitative determination required by 4.2.
3.1.7 The percentage of each of the following shall be 4.4.2 The amount of addition, so determined, shall be used
determined for each lot of cement tested: silicon dioxide to state the amount of addition that shows compliance with this
(SiO2), aluminum oxide (Al2O3), ferric oxide (Fe2O3), calcium specification.
oxide (CaO), magnesium oxide (MgO), sulfur trioxide (SO3), 4.4.3 When tests on cements containing the addition show
ignition loss, insoluble residue, sodium oxide (Na2O), and compliance with the requirements of this specification, the

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 C465 − 10
addition in cement may be used in any amount up to the obtained with the control cement. The air-entraining addition
maximum amount showing compliance. used shall meet the requirements of Specification C226.
4.5 The cement produced for evaluation purposes with the 4.6 Processing additions which provide maximum effects as
processing addition shall comply with the appropriate Speci- grinding aids or pack set inhibitors may increase cement
fications C150, C845, C1157, or C595, except that it contains flowability to a point where mill retention time is reduced
the addition under test. The effect of the addition on the sufficiently to affect significantly the particle size distribution
properties of the cement shall also be within the following of the resulting cement and its physical-chemical properties.
limits: Mill retention times are controllable by mechanical means in
4.5.1 The percentage of water by mass of cement required full-scale grinding mills. Hence, the true physical-chemical
for normal consistency of cement containing the addition shall effects of the test additive may be determined for acceptance
not exceed that required by the corresponding control cement purposes by making supplementary laboratory or pilot-mill
by more than 1.0. For those cements not limited to a fixed grinds, in instances where full-scale tests have shown mill
water requirement, the percentage of water by mass of cement retention time reductions to have significant effects on the
required for standard consistency of the mortar used for properties of the resulting cement.
strength determinations as described in 4.5.4 shall not be
4.7 In the event that the effect of the addition on the
increased by more than 2.0 by the addition over that required
properties of cement are determined on the basis of laboratory
for the control cement.
or pilot mill grinds, this fact shall be entered in the report
4.5.2 The time of setting of cement containing the addition
specified in Section 13, and the specific tests shall be indicated.
shall not vary from the time of setting of the corresponding
control cement by more than 1 h or 50 %, whichever is the
5. Sampling Cement
lesser.
4.5.3 The autoclave expansion of cement containing the 5.1 Samples of the plant-ground cement shall be taken from
addition, expressed as a percentage change in length, shall be the product stream during grinding. Prior to the start of
not more than 0.10 greater than that of the corresponding sampling a given lot of cement, the mill shall have run for 4 h
control cement. or long enough to have reached equilibrium under the general
4.5.4 The compressive strength of mortar cubes made with conditions that are to govern during the sampling period.
cement containing the addition, in accordance with Test
NOTE 1—Records should be kept as to the rate and continuity of feed of
Method C109/C109M, and tested at 1, 3, 7, and 28 days for all the addition, the form in which the addition is used, strength of solution
types, shall be compared with strengths obtained with the (if applicable), magnitude of circulating loads, mill discharge temperature,
control cement at similar ages. The grand average of these and feed rate of clinker and gypsum. Product fineness should be
individual strength percentages shall be not less than 95 % of determined during the grinding immediately subsequent to sampling.
the control cement values. It is required that cubes for 5.2 As the cement samples are taken, they shall be placed in
companion cements be made and tested on the same days, with sealable containers which shall be sealed immediately at the
storage of specimens side by side in the same section of the end of the sampling period. Prior to use, the samples of a given
moist cabinet during the 24-h curing period. Retesting of lot of cement shall be thoroughly blended to form a uniform,
companion cements on the same, or a following, day is representative composite.
required in order to provide six, rather than three, test speci-
mens for each cement and age of test. 6. Test Methods
4.5.5 The ultimate drying shrinkage (percent) of mortar
made with cement containing the addition shall not be more 6.1 Determine the properties enumerated in this specifica-
than 0.025 greater than that of similar mortar made with the tion in accordance with the test methods prescribed in Sections
corresponding control cement when tested in accordance with 7-12.
Test Method C596.
4.5.6 The compressive strength of the concrete made with 7. Tests on Processing Additions
cement containing the addition shall be compared with 7.1 Test the liquid, organic processing addition, in the form
strengths obtained with the control cement at similar ages. The normally marketed, in accordance with the following test
grand average of these individual strength percentages shall be methods:
not less than 90 % of the values for the control cement. 7.1.1 Specific Gravity—Use Test Methods D891, Test
4.5.7 The flexural strength of concrete made with cement Method A or B.
containing the addition shall be compared with strengths 7.1.2 Water Content—Use Test Method E203.
obtained with the control cement at similar ages. The grand
average of these individual strength percentages shall be not 7.2 Conduct the following tests on solid, inorganic process-
less than 90 % of the values for the control cement. ing addition in accordance with the following test methods:
4.5.8 The amount of air-entraining addition required to 7.2.1 Chemical Analysis—Use Test Methods C114, and
produce 19 6 3 % air in the mortar test made in accordance determine silicon dioxide (SiO2), aluminum oxide (Al2O3),
with Test Method C185, with the cement containing the ferric oxide (Fe2O3), calcium oxide (CaO), magnesium oxide
addition under test, shall be not greater than 120 % of the (MgO), sulfur trioxide (SO3), ignition loss, insoluble residue,
amount required to produce, within 61 %, the air content sodium oxide (Na2O), and potassium oxide (K2O).

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 C465 − 10
8. Tests on Cement 11.2.1 Compressive Strength—Compressive strength test
8.1 Test cement in accordance with the following standards: specimens shall be cylinders made and cured as prescribed in
8.1.1 Chemical Analysis of Cement—Test Methods C114. Practice C192/C192M. Cylinders shall be capped as prescribed
8.1.2 Compound Composition—Specification C150. in Practice C617.
8.1.3 Fineness of Cement—Test Method C115 or C204. 11.2.2 Flexural Strength—Flexural strength test specimens
8.1.4 Normal Consistency—Test Method C187. shall be beams made and cured as prescribed in Practice
C192/C192M.
8.1.5 Time of Setting (Vicat)—Test Method C191.
8.1.6 Autoclave Expansion—Test Method C151. 12. Test on Hardened Concrete
8.1.7 Air Content of Mortar—Test Method C185.
12.1 Test the specimens on hardened concrete, as specified
8.1.8 Compressive Strength of Mortar— Test Method C109/
in Section 11, in accordance with the following methods and at
C109M.
the specified ages:
8.1.9 Drying Shrinkage of Mortar—Test Method C596.
12.1.1 Compressive Strength—Test specimens in accor-
dance with Test Method C39/C39M at ages 3, 7, and 28 days,
9. Concrete Mixtures except also test Type III cement at 24 h.
9.1 Preparation and Weighing—Prepare all materials used 12.1.2 Flexural Strength—Test specimens in accordance
in making the concrete mixtures and make all weighings as with Test Method C293, or Test Method C78, ages at 3, 7, and
prescribed in Practice C192/C192M. Report the amount of 28 days, except also test Type III cement at 24 h. By either
mixing water used in each batch on the basis of saturated, method of test, turn the specimen on its side with respect to its
surface-dry aggregates. position as molded and center it on the bearing blocks.
9.2 Proportions—Design one basic concrete mixture having 13. Report
an actual cement content of 307 6 3 kg/m3 (5176 5 lb/yd3),
and use in all concrete tests herein specified. Adjust the water 13.1 The report covering the results of the evaluation of a
content of mixtures to provide concrete having a consistency material proposed for use as a processing addition in the
equal to a 64 6 13-mm (21⁄2 6 1⁄2-in.) slump in each case. manufacture of portland cement under this specification shall
Adjust the ratio of fine to coarse aggregate to the optimum for include the following information:
concrete to be consolidated by hand rodding. Recommended 13.1.1 Trade name, source and character of the material, and
trial values for the percentage of fine aggregate in the total the amount recommended for use, together with means for
aggregate, by absolute volume, are as follows: determination of the proposed addition in the finished cement,
all as furnished by the sponsor, manufacturer, or seller of the
Coarse Aggregate, Maximum Concrete Without
25.0 mm (1 in.) Entrained Air addition,
13.1.2 If the proposed processing addition is an organic
Angular 45 liquid, the specific gravity and percent water content by mass,
Rounded 40
13.1.3 If the proposed processing addition is an inorganic
9.3 Mixing of Concrete—Mix the concrete in accordance solid, report chemical analysis,
with Practice C192/C192M except as follows: Hand mixing 13.1.4 Detailed results of all analyses and tests prescribed
will not be permitted. The rated capacity of the machine mixer by this specification, and the amount of the addition used, as
shall not be more than twice the size of the batch used. well as other pertinent information required,
13.1.5 Comparison of test results to determine compliance
10. Tests on Freshly Mixed Concrete with the requirements prescribed in 4.4,
10.1 Test samples of the freshly mixed concrete for slump in 13.1.6 Name and location of the laboratory or laboratories
accordance with Test Method C143/C143M; unit weight in that made the tests covered by the report,
accordance with Test Method C138/C138M; and air content in 13.1.7 Include as an appendix to the report, letters of
accordance with Test Method C138/C138M, C231, or C173/ certification from the various cement manufacturers stating the
C173M. name of the addition, the amount used, and the type of cement
in which used, and
11. Test Specimens of Hardened Concrete 13.1.8 The highest amount of addition that has demon-
strated compliance with the specification in a particular type of
11.1 Number of Specimens—At least three specimens shall
cement (see 4.4.3).
be made for each test condition. For each cement containing an
addition and its companion control cement, make three rounds 14. Manufacturer’s Certification Processing Additions
of concrete mixed on different days. One round of mixes on a 14.1 Organic Processing Additions—Upon request of the
given day shall include both the cement containing the addition purchaser in the contract or order, a manufacturer’s report shall
and its companion control cement. From each round, make at be furnished at the time of shipment stating the water content
least one test specimen for each test condition. If necessary, to and specific gravity of the samples of the material taken during
obtain enough concrete for all test specimens to be made in any production or transfer and certifying that the specific gravity
one round, it may be necessary to make more than one concrete value is within the specified limits of the originally qualified
batch for each round. product and that the product meets the requirements of this
11.2 Types of Specimens: Specification.

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 C465 − 10
14.2 Inorganic Processing Additions—Upon request of the of the originally qualified product and that the product meets
purchaser in the contract or order, a manufacturer’s report shall the requirements of this specification.
be furnished at time of shipment stating the chemical analysis
of the samples of the material taken during production or 15. Keywords
transfer and certifying that they are within the specified limits 15.1 additions; hydraulic cements; processing

SUMMARY OF CHANGES

Committee C01 has identified the location of selected changes to this specification since the last issue,
C465–09, that may impact the use of this specification. (Approved February 1, 2010)

(1) Revised 4.2, 4.2.2, 13.1.3, and 14.2. Deleted 7.2.2.

Committee C01 has identified the location of selected changes to this specification since the last issue,
C465–99(2005), that may impact the use of this specification. (Approved May 15, 2009)

(1) Revised the Scope to include inorganic processing addi- (5) Revised Section 12 to require hardened concrete testing
tions. through 28 days instead of 3 months, per the NCHRP 18-11
(2) Revised Section 3 to differentiate requirements for organic report.
and inorganic processing additions. (6) Revised Section 13 to include requirements for reporting of
(3) Revised Section 4 to include requirements for chemical results of chemical analyses and specific gravity determination
analysis and specific gravity of the inorganic processing of the inorganic processing addition being tested.
addition being tested and to clarify that a maximum of two (7) Renamed Section 14 and added new 14.2 for manufactur-
processing additions can be used (an inorganic and an organic er’s certification for inorganic processing additions.
for example).
(4) Revised Section 7 to include requirements for chemical
analysis and specific gravity of the inorganic processing
addition being tested.

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