6 Products and processes

Grammar start Gold is found in rivers. Peaches are grown near the coast.

14
1 Read the information. Match the sentence halves.

New Zealand is the third Lamb and beef are produced

largest wool producer here, too. The animals are raised
in the world. Thousands on the South Island. Lamb is
of tons of wool are exported to the United Kingdom.
produced annually! Beef is exported to the Far East.
Some of the best
quality woolen
clothes are
made in New
Zealand.

New Zealand also

produces fruit. For
example, peaches and But agriculture isn’t
plums are grown near the only industry.
the coast. Most of the Natural gas and
fruit is sold in New iron are mined
Zealand, but here. Gold is found
some is in the rivers and
exported to mountains. It is sent
Australia. overseas and used
to make jewelry.

a Natural gas and iron are 1 grown near the coast.

b Some of New Zealand’s fruit is 2 mined in New Zealand.
c Gold is exported 3 sold to the UK.
d A lot of the world’s 4 wool is produced in New Zealand.
e Cattle and sheep are 5 and made into jewelry.
f Much of the country’s lamb is 6 found on South Island.
38 Passive voice: simple present
 6
2 Read and complete the grammar box.

We use the passive voice:

1 to emphasize the action, rather than who does it:
 Farmers produce lamb in New Zealand.  ➜ 
Lamb is produced in New Zealand.
2 when we don’t know who does the action, or it isn’t important:
People find gold in the rivers.  ➜ Gold is found in the rivers.
3 when it’s obvious who does the action:
Miners mine iron here.  ➜ Iron is mined here.

The passive form of the simple present is formed with the verb to be +
the past participle of the verb.

Lamb is exported to the UK.

Gold found in the rivers.

Peaches are grown near the coast.

Gas and iron mined in New Zealand.

3 Underline the passive sentence in each pair. Check (✔) the sentence
that sounds best.
a Silver is mined in New Zealand. ✔
Miners mine silver in New Zealand.
b Fruit growers export 30 varieties of apples and pears.
Thirty varieties of apples and pears are exported.
c More than 50 different vegetables are grown.
People grow more than 50 different vegetables.
d Cows produce nearly 700,000 tons of milk a year.
Nearly 700,000 tons of milk are produced a year.
e Oil, gas, and coal are found underground.
People find oil, gas, and coal underground.

39
 Grammar practice nze
Bro

15
1 Listen and number the pictures in order.

A B C 1

D E F

2 Complete the sentences with is or are.

a Most bread is made from wheat.
b First, the wheat harvested.
c Then it ground into flour.
d Next, the flour mixed into a dough with yeast and water.
e Then the dough made into loaves of bread.
f After that, the loaves baked in hot ovens.
g Finally, the loaves taken to stores, where they sold.
3 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the passive.
Rice is the most important food for much of
the world’s population. It (a) is grown
(grow) in countries with a high rainfall.
It (b) (harvest), and then
the grains of rice (c) (dry)
and cleaned. Some of the vitamins
(d) (lose) in the process, so
they (e) (add) to the rice
again. Then the rice (f)
(put) into bags or boxes. Finally, the bags and
boxes (g) (send) to stores
and sold.
40
 Silver 6
4 Use the prompts to write about how chocolate is made.

a Chocolate / make / from cacao beans  Chocolate is made from cacao beans.
b The cacao beans / harvest  The cacao beans .
c They / take / to the factory 
d The beans / roast 
e They / grind / into paste 
f Milk and sugar / add 
g The chocolate / mix / in a machine 
It is poured into molds and cooled.  Then it’s ready to eat!

5 Write about how potato chips are made. Use the prompts.

a First, the potatoes are harvested. (harvest)

b (wash)

c (cut into slices)

d (fry)

e (salt / add)

f (put / bags)

41
 Grammar goal
What is sugar used for? How is the air cleaned?

1 Read and point to the stages of the process.

The wonder of plants

Sunlight is absorbed
q: What does photosynthesis do? into the leaves.
a: It helps plants grow. It also cleans the air.
q: How is the air cleaned? Carbon dioxide is
taken in through
a: Carbon dioxide is taken in through the leaves the leaves. Oxygen is
and oxygen is produced. produced.

q: How is carbon dioxide turned into oxygen?

Sugar is made.
a: It is mixed with water and sunlight. This makes
oxygen and sugar.
q: What are sugar and oxygen used for?
a: Sugar is used to help the plant grow. People
and animals need oxygen to breathe. Water is sucked up
through the roots.

2 Read and complete the grammar box.

How is air cleaned?

Where sunlight absorbed?
How are sugar and oxygen produced?
What sugar and oxygen used for?

3 Write the words in order. Match the questions to the answers.

a absorbed / is / where / water
Where is water absorbed? 1 To help the plant grow.
b sugar / made / is / how
2 To give the plant energy.
c why / absorbed / sunlight / is
3 Through the plant’s roots.
d sugar / is / produced / why
4 
Carbon dioxide is mixed with
water and sunlight.
42 Simple present passive: Wh- question form
 Gold
6
4 Complete the questions with the verbs. Match the questions to
the answers.
How we breathe
a What are your mouth and nose used for? (use) 4

b How air into the lungs? (take)

c Where oxygen ? (absorb)
d What your lungs for? (use)
e Why carbon dioxide ? (release)
f How respiration to photosynthesis? (connect)

nose

1 Because it’s a dangerous gas.

2 To absorb oxygen and release

windpipe
carbon dioxide.
lungs
3 Photosynthesis produces oxygen,
which we need to breathe.

4 For breathing.

5 In the lungs.

6 Through the windpipe.

5 Do a class quiz. Write four questions about photosynthesis

or respiration. Ask and answer with a partner.

Why is sunlight It’s absorbed to give

absorbed by plants? them energy.

43