Contrary to law with the aggravating circumstance that the

PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, G.R. No. 183563 victim is under eighteen (18) years of age and the offender is a
Plaintiff-Appellee, relative by consanguinity within the third civil degree. [5]
Present: Criminal Case No. 2000-01-47

CORONA, C.J., That sometime in the month of July, 1999 in the

Chairperson, municipality of [XXX], Province of Leyte, Philippines, and within the
- versus - LEONARDO-DE CASTRO, jurisdiction of this Honorable Court, the said accused, who is the
BERSAMIN, uncle of [AAA], the twelve-year-old offended party, actuated by
DEL CASTILLO, and lust, did, then and there, willfully, unlawfully and feloniously, and with
VILLARAMA, JR., JJ. the use of force and violence succeed in having carnal knowledge of
the said [AAA], without her consent and against her will.
HENRY ARPON y JUNTILLA, Promulgated:
Accused-Appellant. Contrary to law with the aggravating circumstance that the
December 14, 2011 victim is under eighteen (18) years of age and the offender is a
x- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -x relative by consanguinity within the third civil degree. [6]

Criminal Case No. 2000-01-48

DECISION
That sometime in the month July 1999 in the municipality of
LEONARDO-DE CASTRO, J.: [XXX], Province of Leyte, Philippines, and within the jurisdiction of
this Honorable Court, the said accused, who is the uncle of [AAA],
the twelve-year-old offended party, actuated by lust, did, then and
Assailed before Us is the Decision[1] of the Court of Appeals dated February there, willfully, unlawfully and feloniously, and with the use of force
8, 2008 in CA-G.R. CR.-H.C. No. 00560, which affirmed with modification the and violence succeed in having carnal knowledge of the said [AAA],
Decision[2] dated September 9, 2002 of the Regional Trial Court (RTC) of Tacloban without her consent and against her will.
City, Branch 7, in Criminal Case Nos. 2001-01-46 to 2001-01-53, finding the
accused-appellant Henry Arpon yJuntilla guilty beyond reasonable doubt of one (1) Contrary to law with the aggravating circumstance that the
count of statutory rape and seven (7) counts of rape against the private complainant victim is under eighteen (18) years of age and the offender is a
AAA.[3] relative by consanguinity within the third civil degree. [7]

On December 29, 1999, the accused-appellant was charged [4] with eight (8) Criminal Case No. 2000-01-49
counts of rape in separate informations, the accusatory portions of which state:
That sometime in the month of July, 1999 in the
Criminal Case No. 2000-01-46 municipality of [XXX], Province of Leyte, Philippines, and within the
jurisdiction of this Honorable Court, the said accused, who is the
That sometime in the year 1995 in the municipality of [XXX], uncle of [AAA], the twelve-year-old offended party, actuated by
Province of Leyte, Philippines, and within the jurisdiction of this lust, did, then and there, willfully, unlawfully and feloniously, and with
Honorable Court, the said accused, who is the uncle of [AAA], the the use of force and violence succeed in having carnal knowledge of
offended party, actuated by lust, did, then and there, willfully, the said [AAA], without her consent and against her will.
unlawfully and feloniously, succeed in having carnal knowledge of
the said [AAA], who was then only eight (8) years old, without her Contrary to law with the aggravating circumstance that the
consent and against her will. victim is under eighteen (18) years of age and the offender is a
relative by consanguinity within the third civil degree. [8]
Criminal Case No. 2000-01-50 That sometime in the month of August, 1999 in the
municipality of [XXX], Province of Leyte, Philippines, and within the
That sometime in the month of July, 1999 in the jurisdiction of this Honorable Court, the said accused, who is the
municipality of [XXX], Province of Leyte, Philippines, and within the uncle of [AAA], the twelve-year-old offended party, actuated by
jurisdiction of this Honorable Court, the said accused, who is the lust, did, then and there, willfully, unlawfully and feloniously, and with
uncle of [AAA], the twelve-year-old offended party, actuated by the use of force and violence succeed in having carnal knowledge of
lust, did, then and there, willfully, unlawfully and feloniously, and with the said [AAA], without her consent and against her will.
the use of force and violence succeed in having carnal knowledge of
the said [AAA], without her consent and against her will. Contrary to law with the aggravating circumstance that the
victim is under eighteen (18) years of age and the offender is a
Contrary to law with the aggravating circumstance that the relative by consanguinity within the third civil degree. [12] (Emphases
victim is under eighteen (18) years of age and the offender is a ours.)
relative by consanguinity within the third civil degree. [9]

Criminal Case No. 2000-01-51 During the arraignment of the accused-appellant on November 28, 2000, he
entered a plea of not guilty. [13] On March 13, 2001, the pre-trial conference of the
That sometime in the month of July, 1999 in the cases was conducted and the parties stipulated on the identity of the accused-
municipality of [XXX], Province of Leyte, Philippines, and within the appellant in all the cases, the minority of the victim and the fact that the accused
jurisdiction of this Honorable Court, the said accused, who is the appellant is the uncle of the victim.[14]
uncle of [AAA], the twelve-year-old offended party, actuated by
lust, did, then and there, willfully, unlawfully and feloniously, and with The pre-trial order containing the foregoing stipulations was signed by the
the use of force and violence succeed in having carnal knowledge of accused and his counsel. The cases were then heard on consolidated trial.
the said [AAA], without her consent and against her will.
The prosecution presented the lone testimony of AAA to prove the charges
Contrary to law with the aggravating circumstance that the against the accused-appellant. AAA testified that she was born on November 1,
victim is under eighteen (18) years of age and the offender is a 1987.[15] In one afternoon when she was only eight years old, she stated that the
relative by consanguinity within the third civil degree. [10] accused-appellant raped her inside their house. She could not remember, though,
the exact month and date of the incident.The accused-appellant stripped off her
Criminal Case No. 2000-01-52 shorts, panties and shirt and went on top of her. He had his clothes on and only
pulled down his zipper. He then pulled out his organ, put it in her vagina and did the
That sometime in the month of August, 1999 in the pumping motion. AAA felt pain but she did not know if his organ penetrated her
municipality of [XXX], Province of Leyte, Philippines, and within the vagina. When he pulled out his organ, she did not see any blood. She did so only
jurisdiction of this Honorable Court, the said accused, who is the when she urinated.[16]
uncle of [AAA], the twelve-year-old offended party, actuated by
lust, did, then and there, willfully, unlawfully and feloniously, and with AAA also testified that the accused-appellant raped her again in July 1999
the use of force and violence succeed in having carnal knowledge of for five times on different nights. The accused-appellant was then drinking alcohol
the said [AAA], without her consent and against her will. with BBB, the stepfather of AAA, in the house of AAAs neighbor. He came to AAAs
house, took off her panty and went on top of her. She could not see what he was
Contrary to law with the aggravating circumstance that the wearing as it was nighttime. He made her hold his penis then he left. When asked
victim is under eighteen (18) years of age and the offender is a again how the accused-appellant raped her for five nights in July of the said year,
relative by consanguinity within the third civil degree. [11] AAA narrated that he pulled down her panty, went on top of her and pumped. She
felt pain as he put his penis into her vagina. Every time she urinated, thereafter, she
Criminal Case No. 2000-01-47 felt pain. AAA said that she recognized the accused-appellant as her assailant since
it was a moonlit night and their window was only covered by cloth. He entered
through the kitchen as the door therein was detached. [17]
 house of AAA as the latters parents were his enemies. He said that he had a quarrel
AAA further related that the accused-appellant raped her again twice in with AAAs parents because he did not work with them in the ricefields. He further
August 1999 at nighttime. He kissed her and then he took off his shirt, went on top of recounted that in July 1999, he was also living in Tacloban City and worked there as
her and pumped.She felt pain in her vagina and in her chest because he was a dishwasher at a restaurant. He worked there from 1998 up to September
heavy. She did not know if his penis penetrated her vagina. She related that the 1999. The accused-appellant likewise stated that in August 1999, he was still
accused-appellant was her uncle as he was the brother of her mother. AAA said that working at the same restaurant in Tacloban City. While working there, he did not go
she did not tell anybody about the rapes because the accused-appellant threatened home to XXX as he was busy with work.He denied that he would have drinking
to kill her mother if she did. She only filed a complaint when he proceeded to also sprees with AAAs stepfather, BBB, because they were enemies. [22]
rape her younger sister, DDD.[18]
On cross-examination, the accused-appellant admitted that the mother of
After the testimony of AAA, the prosecution formally offered its documentary AAA was his sister and they were close to each other. He said that his parents were
evidence, consisting of: (1) Exhibit A - the Medico-Legal Report, [19] which contained still alive in 1995 up to October 1999 and the latter then resided at Calaasan,
the results of the medical examination conducted on AAA by Dr. Rommel Capungcol Alangalang, Leyte. He indicated that his parents house was about two kilometers
and Dr. Melissa Adel Gagala on October 26, 1999; and (2) Exhibit B - the Social away from the house of AAA. While he was working at the restaurant
Case Study Report[20] pertaining to AAAs case, which was issued by the Municipal in Tacloban City, he would visit his parents once every month, mainly on Sundays. [23]
Social Welfare and Development Office of the Province of Leyte.
The Judgment of the RTC
The Medico-Legal Report stated the following findings:
On September 9, 2002, the RTC of Tacloban City, Branch 7, rendered a
P. E. Findings: Surg. Findings: Decision convicting the accused-appellant as follows:
- (-) Physical injuries.
OB- NOTES: WHEREFORE, premises considered, pursuant to Art. 266-A
- Patient came in with history of rape since and 266-B of the Revised Penal Code as amended, and further
8 year old for so many times. last act was amended by R.A. 8353 (Rape Law of 1997) and R.A. 7659 (Death
March 1999. Penalty Law) the Court found accused HENRY
ARPON, GUILTYbeyond reasonable doubt of ONE COUNT OF
O: Pelvic Exam: STATUTORY RAPE and SEVEN COUNTS OF RAPE charged
Ext. Genetalia grossly normal. under the informations and sentenced to suffer the maximum
Introitus: Old, healed incomplete laceration penalty of DEATH, and to indemnify the victim, [AAA] the amount
at 3 & 9 oclock position of Fifty Thousand (P50,000.00) Pesos for each count of Rape and
Speculum Exam: not done due to resistance. pay moral damages in the amount of FiftyThousand (P50,000.00)
Internal Exam: Pesos and pay the cost.[24] (Emphases in the original.)

Vaginal smear for presence of spermatozoa: =

NEGATIVE[21] The court a quo found more credible the testimony of AAA. The fact that
AAA was in tears when she testified convinced the trial court of the truthfulness of
her rape charges against the accused-appellant. If there were inconsistencies in
Upon the other hand, the defense called the accused-appellant to the AAAs testimony, the trial court deemed the same understandable considering that
witness stand to deny the informations filed against him and to refute the testimony AAA was pitted against a learned opposing counsel. The delay in the reporting of the
of AAA. He testified that when the first incident of rape allegedly happened in 1995, rape incidents was not also an indication that the charges were
he was only 13 years old as he was born on February 23, 1982. In 1995, he worked fabricated. Moreover, the trial court ruled that the findings of the medico-legal officer
in Sagkahan, Tacloban City as a houseboy for a certain Gloria Salazar and he confirmed that she was indeed raped. The accused-appellants defense of alibi was
stayed there up to 1996. He stated that he was working in Tacloban City when the likewise disregarded by the trial court, declaring that it was not physically impossible
alleged rapes happened in the municipality of XXX.When he would go home from for him to be present in XXX at any time of the day after working hours while he was
Tacloban, he would stay at the house of a certain Fred Antoni.He did not go to the working in Tacloban City. The trial court stated that the accused-appellant was
positively identified by AAA as the person who sexually abused her and she held no appellants uncorroborated defense of alibi could not stand against the positive
grudge against him. The trial court imposed the penalty of death as it found that AAA identification made by AAA.
was less than 18 years old at the time of the commission of the rape incidents and
the accused-appellant was her uncle, a relative by consanguinity within the third civil As regards the attendant circumstances, the Court of Appeals ruled that the
degree. The trial court also appreciated against the accused-appellant the relationship of the accused-appellant to AAA was both alleged in the informations
aggravating circumstances of abuse of confidence and nighttime. and admitted by the accused-appellant. The appellate court, however, differed in
appreciating against the accused-appellant the qualifying circumstance of AAAs
The accused-appellant filed a Motion for Reconsideration [25] of the RTC minority. The lone testimony of AAA on the said circumstance was held to be an
Decision, asserting that the trial court failed to consider his minority as a privileged insufficient proof therefor. The aggravating circumstance of nighttime was also ruled
mitigating circumstance. As stated in his direct examination, the accused-appellant to be inapplicable as it was not shown that the same was purposely sought by the
claimed that he was born on February 23, 1982, such that he was only 13 and 17 accused-appellant or that it facilitated the commission of the crimes of rape. In view
years old when the incidents of rape allegedly occurred in 1995 and 1999, of the presence of the qualifying circumstance of relationship, the Court of Appeals
respectively. In a Resolution[26] dated November 6, 2002, the trial court denied the awarded exemplary damages in favor of AAA.
accused-appellants motion, holding that the latter failed to substantiate with clear
and convincing evidence his allegation of minority. The accused-appellant filed a Notice of Appeal [32] of the above decision and
the same was given due course by the Court of Appeals in a Resolution [33] dated
The cases were elevated to the Court on automatic review and were May 27, 2008.
docketed as G.R. Nos. 165201-08.[27] The parties then filed their respective briefs.
[28]
On February 7, 2006, we resolved[29] to transfer the cases to the Court of Appeals On November 17, 2008, the Court resolved to accept the appeal and
pursuant to our ruling in People v. Mateo.[30] The cases were docketed in the required the parties to file their respective supplemental briefs, if they so desire,
appellate court as CA-G.R. CR.-H.C. No. 00560. within 30 days from notice.[34] Thereafter, in a Manifestation and Motion [35] filed on
December 24, 2008, the plaintiff-appellee, through the Office of the Solicitor
The Decision of the Court of Appeals General, prayed that it be excused from filing a supplemental brief. On February 3,
2009, the accused-appellant submitted a Supplemental Brief. [36]
On February 8, 2008, the Court of Appeals promulgated its assailed
decision, decreeing thus: The Issues

WHEREFORE, the Decision dated September 9, 2002 of In the accused-appellants brief, the following issues were invoked:
the Regional Trial Court, Branch 7, Tacloban City in Criminal Case
Nos. 2001-01-46 to 2001-01-53 is AFFIRMEDwith modification I
awarding exemplary damages to [AAA] in the amount of
Twenty[-]Five Thousand (P25,000.00) Pesos for each count of rape THE COURT A QUO GRAVELY ERRED IN CONVICTING THE
and clarification that the separate award of Fifty Thousand ACCUSED-APPELLANT OF THE CRIMES CHARGED DESPITE
(P50,000.00) Pesos as moral damages likewise pertains to each THE FAILURE OF THE PROSECUTION TO PROVE HIS GUILT
count of rape. The death penalty imposed is reduced to reclusion BEYOND REASONABLE DOUBT.
perpetua in accord with Rep. Act No. 9346.[31]
II

The Court of Appeals adjudged that the inconsistencies pointed out by the THE COURT A QUO GRAVELY ERRED IN GIVING WEIGHT AND
accused-appellant in the testimony of AAA were not sufficient to discredit her. The CREDENCE TO THE INCREDIBLE AND INCONSISTENT
appellate court held that the exact age of AAA when the incidents of rape occurred TESTIMONY OF THE PRIVATE COMPLAINANT.
no longer mattered, as she was still a minor at the time. More significant was her
straightforward, categorical and candid testimony that she was raped eight times by III
the accused-appellant. The Court of Appeals also agreed with the ruling of the RTC
that AAAs charges of rape conformed with the physical evidence and the accused-
 THE COURT A QUO GRAVELY ERRED IN IMPOSING THE b. When the offended party is deprived of reason or is
SUPREME PENALTY OF DEATH.[37] otherwise unconscious;

c. By means of fraudulent machination or grave abuse of

The accused-appellant insists that it was error on the part of the RTC to give authority;
weight to the incredible testimony of AAA. He alleges that AAA could not state with
consistency the exact date when she was first supposedly raped, as well as her age d. When the offended party is under twelve (12) years of
at that time. The accused-appellant also avers that AAA could not remember the age or is demented, even though none of the circumstances
dates of the other incidents of rape charged, all of which were allegedly described in mentioned above be present.
a uniform manner. Contrary to the judgment of the Court of Appeals, the accused-
appellant posits that the above inconsistencies cannot merely be discounted as
insignificant. He further insists that the qualifying circumstances of AAAs minority In particular, Article 266-A(1)(d) spells out the definition of the crime of
and her relationship to the accused-appellant were not duly proven by the statutory rape, the elements of which are: (1) that the offender had carnal knowledge
prosecution. The accused-appellant, thus, prays for a judgment of acquittal. of a woman; and (2) that such a woman is under twelve (12) years of age or is
demented.[38]
The Ruling of the Court
The above provision came into existence by virtue of Republic Act No. 8353,
[39]
After a careful examination of the records of this case, the Court resolves to or the Anti-Rape Law of 1997, which took effect on October 22, 1997. [40] Prior to
deny the appeal, but with a modification of the penalties and the amount of this date, the crime of rape was penalized under Article 335 of the Revised Penal
indemnities awarded. Code,[41] which provides:

To recall, the RTC and the Court of Appeals found the accused-appellant ART. 335. When and how rape is committed. Rape is
guilty of one (1) count of statutory rape and seven (7) counts of qualified rape. committed by having carnal knowledge of a woman under any of the
Under the information in Criminal Case No. 2000-01-46, the first incident of following circumstances:
rape was alleged to have occurred in 1995 when AAA was only eight years
old. However, the accused-appellant points out that the prosecution failed to 1. By using force or intimidation;
substantiate the said fact as AAAs testimony thereon was too inconsistent and 2. When the woman is deprived of reason or otherwise
incredible to be worthy of any belief. He explains that AAA initially claimed that she unconscious; and
was raped for the first time when she was eight years old.Nonetheless, during her 3. When the woman is under twelve years of age or is
testimony regarding the incidents of rape that occurred in July 1999, she said that demented.
the accused did the same thing that he did to her when she was only seven years
old. On her redirect examination, AAA then stated that she was first raped in 1998
when she was eleven (11) years old. In People v. Macafe,[42] we explained the concept of statutory rape under
Article 335 of the Revised Penal Code in this wise:
Presently, Article 266-A of the Revised Penal Code defines the crime of rape
by sexual intercourse as follows: Rape under paragraph 3 of [Article 335] is termed statutory
rape as it departs from the usual modes of committing rape. What
ART. 266-A. Rape, When and How Committed. Rape is the law punishes in statutory rape is carnal knowledge of a
committed woman below twelve years old. Hence, force and intimidation
are immaterial; the only subject of inquiry is the age of the
1. By a man who shall have carnal knowledge of a woman woman and whether carnal knowledge took place. The law
under any of the following circumstances: presumes that the victim does not and cannot have a will of her own
on account of her tender years; the child's consent is immaterial
a. Through force, threat or intimidation; because of her presumed incapacity to discern evil from good.
[43]
(Emphasis ours.)
 Q: Do you recall of any unusual incident that happened when you
Manifestly, the elements of statutory rape in the above-mentioned provisions were still 8 years old?
of law are essentially the same. Thus, whether the first incident of rape charged in
this case did occur in 1995, i.e., before the amendment of Article 335 of the Revised [AAA]
Penal Code, or in 1998, after the effectivity of the Anti-Rape Law of 1997, the
prosecution has the burden to establish the fact of carnal knowledge and the age of A: There was but I cannot anymore remember the exact month and
AAA at the time of the commission of the rape. date.

Contrary to the posturing of the accused-appellant, the date of the Q: Just tell what happened to you when you were still 8 years old?
commission of the rape is not an essential element of the crime of rape, for the A: I was raped by Tiyo Henry.
gravamen of the offense is carnal knowledge of a woman. [44] Inconsistencies and
discrepancies in details which are irrelevant to the elements of the crime are not Q: How did he rape you?
grounds for acquittal.[45] A: He stripped me of my panty, shorts and shirts.

As regards the first incident of rape, the RTC credited with veracity the Q: Do you remember what place did he rape you?
substance of AAAs testimony. On this matter, we reiterate our ruling in People v. A: Yes, sir in our house.
Condes[46] that:
Q: Who were the persons present then at that time?
Time and again, the Court has held that when the decision A: My younger brother and I.
hinges on the credibility of witnesses and their respective
testimonies, the trial court's observations and conclusions deserve Q: About your mother and step father where were they?
great respect and are often accorded finality. The trial judge has the A: In the ricefield.
advantage of observing the witness' deportment and manner of
testifying. Her "furtive glance, blush of conscious shame, hesitation, PROS. SABARRE:
flippant or sneering tone, calmness, sigh, or the scant or full
realization of an oath" are all useful aids for an accurate May we make it of record that the witness is crying.
determination of a witness' honesty and sincerity. The trial judge,
therefore, can better determine if witnesses are telling the truth, COURT:
being in the ideal position to weigh conflicting testimonies. Unless
certain facts of substance and value were overlooked which, if Have it on record.
considered, might affect the result of the case, its assessment must
be respected for it had the opportunity to observe the conduct and PROS. SABARRE:
demeanor of the witnesses while testifying and detect if they were
lying. The rule finds an even more stringent application where said Q: Do you still recall was it in the morning, in the afternoon or
findings are sustained by the [Court of Appeals]. [47] evening?
A: In the afternoon.
In the instant case, we have thoroughly scrutinized the testimony of AAA
and we found no cogent reason to disturb the finding of the RTC that the accused- xxxx
appellant indeed committed the first incident of rape charged. AAA positively
identified the accused-appellant as the perpetrator of the dastardly crimes. With Q: After your clothes and [panty] were taken off by accused what did
tears in her eyes, she clearly and straightforwardly narrated the said incident of rape he do to you next if any?
as follows: A: He went on top of me.

[PROSECUTOR EDGAR SABARRE] Q: Was he still with his clothes on or already naked?
 A: He has still clothes on, he did not take off his pants, he only Q: How did he rape you on that July night for five times, will you
pulled down the zipper. please narrate to the court?
A: Because they have been drinking, he came to our house, pulled
Q: And when he pulled down the zipper and went on top of you out my panty and went on top of me.
what did he do next if any?
A: He was pumping on me. Q: With whom was he drinking?
A: With my step father.
Q: Did he pull out his organ?
A: Yes, sir. Q: Where did they drink?
A: In our neighbor.
Q: And where did he place his organ?
A: In my vagina. Q: When he took off your shorts and panty what was the accused
wearing at that time?
Q: When he kept on pumping what did you feel? A: I do not know because I could not see since it was night time.
A: Pain.[48]
Q: When he was on top of [you] was he still wearing something?
A: No, sir.
The above testimony of AAA was also corroborated by the Medico-Legal
Report of Dr. Capungcol and Dr. Gagala, who found old, healed, incomplete Q: What did he do with his penis?
hymenal lacerations on the private part of AAA. [W]hen the testimony of a rape A: He made me hold it.
victim is consistent with the medical findings, there is sufficient basis to conclude
that there has been carnal knowledge.[49] Q: Then after he made you hold it what did he do with it?
A: He left.
Anent the five incidents of rape that were alleged to have been committed in
July 1999, the Court disagrees with the ruling of the trial court that all five counts xxxx
were proven with moral certainty. The testimony of AAA on the said incidents is as
follows: ATTY. SABARRE:

Q: How many times did [the accused-appellant] rape you in July Q: You said you were raped on that July evening for five nights how
1999? did he rape you?
A: Five times. A: (witness did not answer)

Q: Was it in the daytime or night time? PROS. SABARRE:

A: Night time.
Make it of record that the witness is crying again.
Q: Was it in different nights or on the same night?
A: Different nights. Q: Why are you crying?
A: I am angry and hurt.
Q: Who were present then at that time when he raped you five
times? PROS. SABARRE:
A: My Kuya and other siblings.
Your honor please may I be allowed to suspend the proceeding
Q: You have companions why were you raped? considering that the witness is psychologically incapable of
A: Because they were sleeping. further proceeding.
 xxxx A: He kissed me.

Q: I have asked you how did the accused rape you will you please Q: After kissing you what did he do next?
narrate the whole incident to this honorable court? A: He took off his shirts.
A: The same that he did when I was 8 years old, he went on top of
me. Q: After he took off his shirts what happened?
A: He went on top of me and pump.
Q: What was the same thing you are talking about?
A: He pulled down my panty and went on top of me and pump. Q: When he made a pumping motion on top of you what did you
feel?
Q: When he pump what did you feel? A: My vagina was painful and also my chest because he was heavy.
A: Pain.
Q: Why did you feel pain in your vagina?
A: Because he was raping me.

COURT: Q: Did his penis penetrate your vagina?

A: I do not know.
Why did you feel pain?
Q: If this Henry Arpon is present now in court could you recognize
A: He placed his penis inside my vagina, everytime I urinate I feel him?
pain. A: Yes, sir.

ATTY. SABARRE; Q: Where is he?

A: That man (witness pointing a detention prisoner when asked his
How did you recognize that it was Henry Arpon when it was night name answered Henry Arpon).[51]
time?
It is settled that each and every charge of rape is a separate and distinct
A: It was a moonlight night and our window was only covered by crime that the law requires to be proven beyond reasonable doubt. The
cloth as cover.[50] prosecution's evidence must pass the exacting test of moral certainty that the law
demands to satisfy the burden of overcoming the appellant's presumption of
From the above testimony, AAA merely described a single incident of innocence.[52] Thus, including the first incident of rape, the testimony of AAA was only
rape. She made no reference whatsoever to the other four instances of rape that able to establish three instances when the accused-appellant had carnal knowledge
were likewise supposedly committed in the month of July 1999. of her.

The same is also true for the two (2) counts of rape allegedly committed in The allegation of the accused-appellant that the testimony of AAA described
August 1999. AAA narrated only one incident of rape in this manner: the incidents of rape in a uniform manner does not convince this Court. To our mind,
AAAs narration of the sexual abuses committed by the accused-appellant contained
Q: How many times did [the accused-appellant] rape you in the an adequate recital of the evidentiary facts constituting the crime of rape, i.e., that he
month of August 1999? placed his organ in her private part.[53] Etched in our jurisprudence is the doctrine
A: Two times. that a victim of a savage crime cannot be expected to mechanically retain and then
give an accurate account of every lurid detail of a frightening experience a verity
Q: Was it during day time or night time? born[e] out of human nature and experience. [54]
A: Nighttime.
We uphold the ruling of the RTC that the accused-appellants defense of alibi
Q: How did he rape you again that August 1999? deserves scant consideration. Alibi is an inherently weak defense because it is easy
to fabricate and highly unreliable. To merit approbation, the accused must adduce
clear and convincing evidence that he was in a place other than the situs criminis at 1. The best evidence to prove the age of the offended party
the time the crime was committed, such that it was physically impossible for him to is an original or certified true copy of the certificate of live birth of
have been at the scene of the crime when it was committed. [55] [S]ince alibi is a weak such party.
defense for being easily fabricated, it cannot prevail over and is worthless in the face
of the positive identification by a credible witness that an accused perpetrated the 2. In the absence of a certificate of live birth, similar
crime.[56] authentic documents such as baptismal certificate and school
records which show the date of birth of the victim would suffice to
In the instant case, we quote with approval the findings of fact of the trial prove age.
court that:
3. If the certificate of live birth or authentic document is
The distance of [XXX] to Tacloban City is just a few shown to have been lost or destroyed or otherwise unavailable, the
kilometers and can be negotiated by passenger bus in less than one testimony, if clear and credible, of the victim's mother or a member
(1) hour, hence, it is not impossible for the accused to be present in of the family either by affinity or consanguinity who is qualified to
[XXX] at any time of the day after working hours while working in testify on matters respecting pedigree such as the exact age or
Tacloban.Besides, the accused has his day off every Sunday, which date of birth of the offended party pursuant to Section 40, Rule 130
according to him he spent in [XXX], Leyte. of the Rules on Evidence shall be sufficient under the following
circumstances:
The accused was positively identified by the victim as the
person who sexually molested her beginning that afternoon of 1995, a. If the victim is alleged to be below 3 years of age and
and subsequently thereafter in the coming years up to August what is sought to be proved is that she is less than 7 years old;
1999. She can not be mistaken on the identity of the accused,
because the first sexual molestation happened during the daytime, b. If the victim is alleged to be below 7 years of age and
besides, she is familiar with him being her uncle, the brother of her what is sought to be proved is that she is less than 12 years old;
mother.[57]
c. If the victim is alleged to be below 12 years of age and
what is sought to be proved is that she is less than 18 years old.
Furthermore, the Court rejects the contention of the accused-appellant that AAA may
have been prompted to falsely testify against him (accused-appellant) in view of the 4. In the absence of a certificate of live birth, authentic
latters quarrel with AAAs parents when he refused to work with them in the rice document, or the testimony of the victim's mother or relatives
fields.[58] Aside from being uncorroborated, we find the same specious and concerning the victim's age, the complainant's testimony will
implausible. Where the charges against the appellant involve a heinous offense, a suffice provided that it is expressly and clearly admitted by
minor disagreement, even if true, does not amount to a sufficient justification for the accused.
dragging a young girl's honor to a merciless public scrutiny that a rape trial brings in
its wake.[59] 5. It is the prosecution that has the burden of proving the
age of the offended party. The failure of the accused to object to
As to the accused-appellants objection that there was no proof of the age of the the testimonial evidence regarding age shall not be taken against
victim, we affirm the trial courts finding that the prosecution sufficiently established him. (Emphases ours.)
the age of AAA when the incidents of rape were committed. The testimony of AAA
that she was born on November 1, 1987, [60] the voluntary stipulation of the accused,
with assistance of counsel, regarding the minority of the victim during pre-trial and Notably, in its Decision, the trial court observed that at the time she took the
his testimony regarding his recollection of the age of the victim, [61] his own niece, all witness stand (when she was 14 years old), the victim, as to her body and facial
militate against accused-appellants theory. In People v. Pruna,[62] the Court features, was indeed a minor.[63]
established the guidelines in appreciating age, either as an element of the crime or
as a qualifying circumstance, as follows:
That the carnal knowledge in this case was committed through force, threat or said circumstances were also admitted by the accused-appellant during the pre-trial
intimidation need no longer be belabored upon. [I]n rape committed by close kin, conference of the case and again admitted by him during his testimony. [66]
such as the victims father, step-father, uncle, or the common-law spouse of her
mother, it is not necessary that actual force or intimidation be employed. Moral In People v. Pepito,[67] the Court explained that [t]he purpose of entering into
influence or ascendancy takes the place of violence and intimidation. [64] a stipulation or admission of facts is to expedite trial and to relieve the parties and
Penalties the court, as well, of the costs of proving facts which will not be disputed on trial and
the truth of which can be ascertained by reasonable inquiry. These admissions
On the penalties imposable in the instant case, the former Article 335 of the during the pre-trial conference are worthy of credit. Being mandatory in nature, the
Revised Penal Code, as amended, punishes the crime of rape with reclusion admissions made by appellant therein must be given weight. Consequently, for the
perpetua. The sixth paragraph thereof also provides that: first incident of rape, regardless of whether the same occurred in 1995 or in 1998,
the imposition of the death penalty is warranted. For the second and third counts of
The death penalty shall also be imposed if the crime of rape is rape, the imposable penalty is also death.
committed with any of the following attendant circumstances:
Nonetheless, a reduction of the above penalty is in order.
1. when the victim is under eighteen (18) years of age and
the offender is a parent, ascendant, step-parent, guardian, relative The RTC and the Court of Appeals failed to consider in favor of the accused-
by consanguinity or affinity within the third civil degree, or the appellant the privileged mitigating circumstance of minority. Although this matter was
common law-spouse of the parent of the victim. (Emphases ours.) not among the issues raised before the Court, we still take cognizance of the same
in accordance with the settled rule that [i]n a criminal case, an appeal throws open
the entire case wide open for review, and the appellate court can correct errors,
Similarly, the present Article 266-B of the Revised Penal Code relevantly recites: though unassigned, that may be found in the appealed judgment. [68]

ART. 266-B. Penalties. - Rape under paragraph 1 of the next Pertinently, the first paragraph of Section 7 of Republic Act No. 9344, otherwise
preceding article shall be punished by reclusion perpetua. known as the Juvenile Justice and Welfare Act of 2006, provides for the rule on how
to determine the age of a child in conflict with the law, [69] viz:
xxxx
SEC. 7. Determination of Age. The child in conflict with the
The death penalty shall also be imposed if the crime of law shall enjoy the presumption of minority. He/She shall enjoy all
rape is committed with any of the following aggravating/qualifying the rights of a child in conflict with the law until he/she is proven to
circumstances: be eighteen (18) years of age or older. The age of a child may be
determined from the child's birth certificate, baptismal certificate or
1. When the victim is under eighteen (18) years of any other pertinent documents. In the absence of these documents,
age and the offender is a parent, ascendant, step-parent, age may be based on information from the child himself/herself,
guardian, relative by consanguinity or affinity within the third testimonies of other persons, the physical appearance of the child
civil degree, or the common law spouse of the parent of the victim. and other relevant evidence. In case of doubt as to the age of the
(Emphases ours.) child, it shall be resolved in his/her favor.

The Court finds that the circumstances of minority and relationship qualify the three Furthermore, in Sierra v. People,[70] we clarified that, in the past, the Court deemed
(3) counts of rape committed by the accused-appellant. As a special qualifying sufficient the testimonial evidence regarding the minority and age of the accused
circumstance of the crime of rape, the concurrence of the victims minority and her provided the following conditions concur, namely: (1) the absence of any other
relationship to the accused must be both alleged and proven beyond reasonable satisfactory evidence such as the birth certificate, baptismal certificate, or similar
doubt.[65] In the instant case, the informations alleged that AAA was less than documents that would prove the date of birth of the accused; (2) the presence of
eighteen (18) years of age when the incidents of rape occurred and the accused- testimony from accused and/or a relative on the age and minority of the accused at
appellant is her uncle, a relative by consanguinity within the third civil degree. The the time of the complained incident without any objection on the part of the
prosecution; and (3) lack of any contrary evidence showing that the accused's The exemption from criminal liability herein established
and/or his relatives' testimonies are untrue.[71] does not include exemption from civil liability, which shall be
enforced in accordance with existing laws. (Emphases ours.)
In the instant case, the accused-appellant testified that he was born on February 23,
1982 and that he was only 13 years old when the first incident of rape allegedly
happened in 1995.[72]Other than his testimony, no other evidence was presented to As held in Sierra, the above provision effectively modified the minimum age limit of
prove the date of his birth.However, the records of this case show neither any criminal irresponsibility in paragraphs 2 and 3 of the Revised Penal Code, as
objection to the said testimony on the part of the prosecution, nor any contrary amended,[74]i.e., from under nine years of age and above nine years of age and
evidence to dispute the same. Thus, the RTC and the Court of Appeals should have under fifteen (who acted without discernment) - to fifteen years old or under and
appreciated the accused-appellants minority in ascertaining the appropriate penalty. above fifteen but below 18 (who acted without discernment) in determining
exemption from criminal liability.[75]
Although the acts of rape in this case were committed before Republic Act No. 9344 Accordingly, for the first count of rape, which in the information in Criminal Case No.
took effect on May 20, 2006, the said law is still applicable given that Section 68 2000-01-46 was allegedly committed in 1995, the testimony of the accused-
thereof expressly states: appellant sufficiently established that he was only 13 years old at that time. In view
of the failure of the prosecution to prove the exact date and year of the first incident
SEC. 68. Children Who Have Been Convicted and are of rape, i.e., whether the same occurred in 1995 or in 1998 as previously discussed,
Serving Sentences. Persons who have been convicted and are any doubt therein should be resolved in favor of the accused, it being more
serving sentence at the time of the effectivity of this Act, and who beneficial to the latter. [76] The Court, thus, exempts the accused-appellant from
were below the age of eighteen (18) years at the time of the criminal liability for the first count of rape pursuant to the first paragraph of Section 6
commission of the offense for which they were convicted and are of Republic Act No. 9344. The accused-appellant, nevertheless, remains civilly liable
serving sentence, shall likewise benefit from the retroactive therefor.
application of this Act. They shall be entitled to appropriate
dispositions provided under this Act and their sentences shall be For the second and third counts of rape that were committed in the year 1999, the
adjusted accordingly. They shall be immediately released if they are accused-appellant was already 17 years old. We likewise find that in the said
so qualified under this Act or other applicable law. instances, the accused-appellant acted with discernment. In Madali v. People,[77] the
Court had the occasion to reiterate that [d]iscernment is that mental capacity of a
minor to fully appreciate the consequences of his unlawful act. Such capacity may
People v. Sarcia[73] further stressed that [w]ith more reason, the Act should apply to be known and should be determined by taking into consideration all the facts and
[a] case wherein the conviction by the lower court is still under review. circumstances afforded by the records in each case.In this case, the fact that the
accused-appellant acted with discernment was satisfactorily established by the
Thus, in the matter of assigning criminal responsibility, Section 6 of Republic Act No. testimony of AAA, which we had already found to be credible. Verily, AAA testified
9344 is explicit in providing that: that she at first did not tell anybody about the sexual assault she suffered at the
hands of the accused-appellant because the latter told her that he would kill her
SEC. 6. Minimum Age of Criminal Responsibility. A mother if she did so. That the accused-appellant had to threaten AAA in an effort to
child fifteen (15) years of age or under at the time of the conceal his dastardly acts only proved that he knew full well that what he did was
commission of the offense shall be exempt from criminal wrong and that he was aware of the consequences thereof.
liability. However, the child shall be subjected to an intervention
program pursuant to Section 20 of the Act. Accordant with the second paragraph of Article 68 of the Revised Penal Code, as
amended, and in conformity with our ruling in Sarcia, when the offender is a minor
A child above fifteen (15) years but below eighteen (18) under eighteen (18) years of age, the penalty next lower than that prescribed by law
years of age shall likewise be exempt from criminal liability and be shall be imposed, but always in the proper period. However, for purposes of
subjected to an intervention program, unless he/she has acted with determining the proper penalty because of the privileged mitigating circumstance of
discernment, in which case, such child shall be subjected to the minority, the penalty of death is still the penalty to be reckoned with. Thus, for the
appropriate proceedings in accordance with this Act. second and third counts of rape, the proper penalty imposable upon the accused-
appellant is reclusion perpetua for each count.
Had the trial court correctly appreciated in favor of the accused-appellant the
circumstance of his minority, the latter would have been entitled to a suspension of Nonetheless, the disposition set forth under Section 51 of Republic Act No.
sentence for the second and third counts of rape under Section 38 of Republic Act 9344 is warranted in the instant case, to wit:
No. 9344, which reads:
SEC. 51. Confinement of Convicted Children in Agricultural
SEC. 38. Automatic Suspension of Sentence. Once the Camps and Other Training Facilities. A child in conflict with the law
child who is under eighteen (18) years of age at the time of the may after conviction and upon order of the court, be made to serve
commission of the offense is found guilty of the offense charged, the his/her sentence, in lieu of confinement in a regular penal institution,
court shall determine and ascertain any civil liability which may have in an agricultural camp and other training facilities that may be
resulted from the offense committed. However, instead of established, maintained, supervised and controlled by the [Bureau
pronouncing the judgment of conviction, the court shall place the of Corrections], in coordination with the [Department of Social
child in conflict with the law under suspended sentence, without Welfare and Development].
need of application. Provided, however, That suspension of
sentence shall still be supplied even if the juvenile is already
eighteen years (18) of age or more at the time of the Additionally, the civil liability of the accused-appellant for the second and
pronouncement of his/her guilt. third incidents of rape shall not be affected by the above disposition and the same
shall be enforced in accordance with law and the pronouncements in the prevailing
Upon suspension of sentence and after considering the jurisprudence.
various circumstances of the child, the court shall impose the
appropriate disposition measures as provided in the Supreme Court Civil Liability
Rule on Juvenile in Conflict with the Law.
The Court recently ruled in People v. Masagca, Jr.[78] that [c]ivil indemnity is
mandatory when rape is found to have been committed. Based on prevailing
Be that as it may, the suspension of sentence may no longer be applied in the jurisprudence, we affirm the award of P75,000.00 to the rape victim as civil
instant case given that the accused-appellant is now about 29 years of age and indemnity for each count. We also explained in Sarcia that [t]he litmus test x x x in
Section 40 of Republic Act No. 9344 puts a limit to the application of a suspended the determination of the civil indemnity is the heinous character of the crime
sentence, namely, when the child reaches a maximum age of 21. The said provision committed, which would have warranted the imposition of the death penalty,
states: regardless of whether the penalty actually imposed is reduced to reclusion perpetua.
[79]
The trial courts award of civil indemnity of P50,000.00 for each count of rape is
SEC. 40. Return of the Child in Conflict with the Law to therefore increased to P75,000.00 for each of the three (3) counts of rape committed
Court. If the court finds that the objective of the disposition in the instant case.
measures imposed upon the child in conflict with the law have not
been fulfilled, or if the child in conflict with the law has willfully failed Anent the award of moral damages, the same is justified without need of proof other
to comply with the conditions of his/her disposition or rehabilitation than the fact of rape because it is assumed that the victim has suffered moral
program, the child in conflict with the law shall be brought before the injuries [from the experience she underwent]. [80] We also increase the trial courts
court for execution of judgment. award of P50,000.00 to P75,000.00 for each of the three (3) counts of rape herein
established in keeping with the recent case law.[81]
If said child in conflict with the law has reached eighteen
(18) years of age while under suspended sentence, the court shall Lastly, we affirm the Court of Appeals award of exemplary damages. As held
determine whether to discharge the child in accordance with this in People v. Llanas, Jr.,[82] [t]he award of exemplary damages is also proper not only
Act, to order execution of sentence, or to extend the suspended to deter outrageous conduct, but also in view of the aggravating circumstances of
sentence for a certain specified period or until the child minority and relationship surrounding the commission of the offense, both of which
reaches the maximum age of twenty-one (21) years. (Emphasis were alleged in the information and proved during the trial. The appellate courts
ours.)
award of P25,000.00 as exemplary damages is raised to P30,000.00 for each of the
three (3) counts of rape in keeping with the current jurisprudence on the matter. [83]

WHEREFORE, in light of the foregoing, the appeal is DENIED. The Decision dated
February 8, 2008 of the Court of Appeals in CA-G.R. CR.-H.C. No. 00560 is
hereby AFFIRMED with the following MODIFICATIONS:

(1) For the first count of rape herein established, the accused-appellant Henry
Arpon yJuntilla is hereby EXEMPTED from criminal liability.

(2) For the second and third counts of rape, the accused-appellant is
found GUILTYbeyond reasonable doubt of two (2) counts
of QUALIFIED RAPE and is hereby sentenced to suffer the penalty
of reclusion perpetua for each count.

(3) As to the civil liability, the accused-appellant is ORDERED to pay AAA for
each of the three (3) counts of rape P75,000.00 as civil
indemnity, P75,000.00 as moral damages and P30,000.00 as exemplary
damages, plus legal interest on all damages awarded at the legal rate of 6%
from the date of finality of this Decision.

(4) The case is hereby REMANDED to the court of origin for its appropriate
action in accordance with Section 51 of Republic Act No. 9344.

No costs.

SO ORDERED.