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Probability Tree Diagrams (solutions, examples, videos, worksheets, games)

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Probability Tree Diagrams

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In these lessons, we will learn

how to draw probability tree diagrams for independent events (with replacement)
how to draw probability tree diagrams for dependent events (without replacement)

What is a Probability Tree Diagram?

We can construct a probability tree diagram to help us solve some probability problems.

A probability tree diagram shows all the possible events. The first event is represented by a dot.
From the dot, branches are drawn to represent all possible outcomes of the event. The probability
of each outcome is written on its branch.

Example:
A bag contains 3 black balls and 5 white balls. Paul picks a ball at random from the bag and
replaces it back in the bag. He mixes the balls in the bag and then picks another ball at random
from the bag.

a) Construct a probability tree of the problem.

b) Calculate the probability that Paul picks:
i) two black balls
ii) a black ball in his second draw

Solution:
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 3/2/2019 Probability Tree Diagrams (solutions, examples, videos, worksheets, games)

a) Check that the probabilities in the last column add up to 1.

b) i) To find the probability of getting two black balls, first locate the B branch and then follow the
second B branch. Since these are independent events we can multiply the probability of each
branch.

ii) There are two outcomes where the second ball can be black.

Either (B, B) or (W, B)

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From the probability tree diagram,
3/2/2019
we get:
Probability Tree Diagrams (solutions, examples, videos, worksheets, games)

P(second ball black)

= P(B, B) or P(W, B)
= P(B, B) + P(W, B)

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Example:
Bag A contains 10 marbles of which 2 are red and 8 are black. Bag B contains 12 marbles of which
4 are red and 8 are black. A ball is drawn at random from each bag.
a) Draw a probability tree diagram to show all the outcomes the experiment.
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b)3/2/2019
Find the probability that: Probability Tree Diagrams (solutions, examples, videos, worksheets, games)

(i) both are red.

(ii) both are black.
(iii) one black and one red.
(iv) at least one red.

Solution:
a) A probability tree diagram that shows all the outcomes of the experiment.

b) The probability that:

(i) both are red.
P(R, R) =

(ii) both are black.

P(B, B) =

(iii) one black and one red.

P(R, B) or P(B, R) =

(iv) at least one red.

1- P(B, B) =

Example:
A box contains 4 red and 2 blue chips. A chip is drawn at random and then replaced. A second
chip is then drawn at random.
a)https://www.onlinemathlearning.com/probability-tree-diagrams.html
Show all the possible outcomes using a probability tree diagram. 4/18
b)3/2/2019
Calculate the probability of getting:
Probability Tree Diagrams (solutions, examples, videos, worksheets, games)

(i) at least one blue.

(ii) one red and one blue.
(iii) two of the same color.

Solution:
a) A probability tree diagram to show all the possible outcomes.

b) The probability of getting:

(i) at least one blue.

P(R, B) or P(B, R) or P(B, B) =

(ii) one red and one blue.

P(R, B) or P(B, R) =

(iii) two of the same color.

P(R, R) or P(B, B) =

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 3/2/2019 Probability Tree Diagrams (solutions, examples, videos, worksheets, games)

Probability Tree Diagrams for Independent Events

How to solve probability problems using probability tree diagrams?
Example:
A coin is biased so that it has a 60% chance of landing on heads. If it is thrown three times, find
the probability of getting
a) three heads
b) 2 heads and a tail
c) at least one head

Show Step-by-step Solutions +

How to use a tree diagram to calculate combined probabilities of two independent events?
Example:
Jerry has a bag with seven blue sweets and 3 red sweets in it. She picks up a sweet at random from
the bag, replaces it and then picks again at random. Draw a tree diagram to represent this
situation and use it to calculate the probabilities that she picks:
(a) two red sweets
(b) no red sweets
(c) at least one blue sweet
(d) one sweet of each color

Show Step-by-step Solutions +

Probability Tree Diagrams for Dependent Events

How to use a probability tree diagram to calculate probabilities of two events which are not
independent?
Example: Jimmy has a bag with seven blue sweets and 3 red sweets in it. He picks up a sweet at
random from the bag, but does not replaces it and then picks again at random. Draw a tree
diagram to represent this situation and use it to calculate the probabilities that he picks:
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(a) two red sweets
3/2/2019 Probability Tree Diagrams (solutions, examples, videos, worksheets, games)

(b) no red sweets

(c) at least one blue sweet
(d) one sweet of each color

Show Step-by-step Solutions +

How to use a probability tree diagram to calculate probabilities of two events which are
dependent?
Example: Inside a bag there are 3 green balls, 2 red balls and and 4 yellow balls. Two balls are
randomly drawn without replacement. Calculate the probability of drawing one red ball and one
yellow ball.

Show Step-by-step Solutions +

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3/2/2019 explanations. Probability Tree Diagrams (solutions, examples, videos, worksheets, games)

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