Textile Apparels & Clothing in India

The Textile Apparel & Clothing Industry
in India
Market Research 2009

Market Research on
Textile Clothing & Apparels
Prepared for
Italian Trade Commission,

Trade Promotion Section of the Consulate General of Italy
Mumbai
By
ACE GLOBAL PRIVATE LIMITED

NEW DELHI, INDIA
Table of Contents
1. Introduction................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Objectives ................................................................................................................... 1
1.2 Coverage ..................................................................................................................... 1
1.3 Methodology ............................................................................................................... 2
Secondary Research ...................................................................................................... 2
Primary Survey .............................................................................................................. 2
1.4 Draft Report ................................................................................................................ 3
2. Market Characteristics................................................................................................... 4
2.1 Market Size ................................................................................................................. 4
2.2 Assessment of Demand and Market Potential in India ................................................. 5
2.3 Demand Projection ...................................................................................................... 6
2.4 Key Market Drivers – Domestic market....................................................................... 7
2.5 Market Structure and Segmentation ............................................................................. 8
2.5.1 Market Segmentation by Price .............................................................................. 9
2.6 Regional Characteristics of the Market ...................................................................... 11
3. Consumer Behavior and Preferences ........................................................................... 12

3.1 Characteristics of Indian Consumer ........................................................................... 12
3.2 Purchase Pattern of Textile Products.......................................................................... 13
3.3 Preferred Brands........................................................................................................ 14
3.4 Factors that Influence the Choices of Consumers ....................................................... 15
3.5 Degree of Elasticity of Demand................................................................................. 16
4. Production in India ...................................................................................................... 17

4.1 Evolution of the Industry ........................................................................................... 17
4.2 Industry Status........................................................................................................... 17
4.3 Local Production ....................................................................................................... 18
4.4 Growth Trend by Production Category.................................................................. 19
4.5 Key Players ............................................................................................................... 23
4.6 Product Range ........................................................................................................... 25
4.7 Major Concentration Areas for Production ................................................................ 25
4.8 State of Technology................................................................................................... 27
4.8.1 The Textile and Apparel Supply Chain ............................................................... 27
4.8.2 Apparel Sector .................................................................................................... 30
4.9 Availability of Raw Materials & Semi-processed Fabrics .......................................... 32
Domestic Production of Raw Material and Semi-Processed Fabric .............................. 34
Import of Raw Material and Semi-processed Fabrics ................................................... 35
5. Structure of Foreign Trade........................................................................................... 38

5.1 Import Scenario ......................................................................................................... 38
5.2 Export Scenario .................................................................................................... 39
6. Competition................................................................................................................. 43
6.1 Characteristics ...................................................................................................... 43
6.2 Product Range, Brand and Category...................................................................... 43
6.3 Main Competitors - Market Shares........................................................................ 44
6.4 Competition by Segment....................................................................................... 45
6.5 SWOT Analysis .................................................................................................... 46
6.6 Growth Prospects.................................................................................................. 47
7. Potential for European Companies in India.................................................................. 48

7.1 Volumes and changes in the market for European textile clothing and Apparel ..... 48
7.2 Main European producers present in India ............................................................ 50
7.3 Indian buyers / consumers of European products................................................... 52
8. Regulatory Framework and Legislations...................................................................... 53

8.1 Sector specific Regulations ................................................................................... 53
8.2 Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) Policy ................................................................ 54
8.3 Business Structure Options ................................................................................... 55
8.4 Practical aspects of doing Business in India .......................................................... 57
8.5 Investing in Existing India Companies .................................................................. 57
8.6 Taxes and Tariffs .................................................................................................. 58
8.7 Protection of Intellectual Property (trademarks, patents, etc.) ................................ 58
9. Marketing and Distribution Structure........................................................................... 59

9.1 Trade channels ...................................................................................................... 59
9.2 Key trends in the Retail sector............................................................................... 61
9.3 Trade Margins and Commercial terms................................................................... 62
10. Opportunities for Italian companies to enter the Indian market ................................. 64
10.1 Positive Experiences / Perceptions about Italian Products .................................. 64
10.2 Increasing trend in Imports from Italy................................................................ 64
Raw Material and Semi-Processed Fabrics .................................................................. 64
Import of Finished Products ........................................................................................ 68
10.3 Demand for Italian products .............................................................................. 69
10.4 Market opportunities ......................................................................................... 69
Market Research on Textile Apparels & Clothing
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1. Introduction
This research study on Textile Clothing and Apparels sector in India has been commissioned by
Italian Trade Commission (Trade Promotion Section of the Consulate General of Italy), Mumbai.
Ace Global Private Limited, a consultancy company based in New Delhi, has been appointed to
undertake the study.
1.1 Objectives
The main objectives of the market research are to:
• Carry out market analysis of the production and distribution of textiles for clothing and
apparels in India, geared to the Italian entrepreneurs interested in the Indian market.
• Identify potential buyers of products/ operators in India, interested in Italian fashion

products.
• Identify concrete forms of industrial cooperation, both with local firms of equal size (small
and micro enterprise) and market bracket (high range) and with suppliers of raw materials
(yarn, woven silk, cotton and cashmere).
• Examine the various aspects of law in commercial matters (procedures for opening a credit
line in India, general rules on the procedure of customs clearance of goods, customs duties
and other payments, rules of certification).
• Check the main features of competition and the increasing needs of local consumers.
1.2 Coverage
The research covers the following aspects of the sector:
• Market Characteristics
• Consumer Behaviour and Preferences
• Production in India
• Structure of foreign trade
• Competition
• Potential for European companies in Indian market
• Regulatory framework and Legislations
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Ace Global Private Limited
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• Marketing and Distribution structure
• Opportunities for Italian companies to enter the Indian market
1.3 Methodology
The methodology followed for the research work constitutes both secondary and primary research.
The details of the research work have been provided below:
Secondary Research
The secondary research has been carried out to obtain the information on:
- Macro-economic scenario of Indian economy
- Sector specific government policies and regulations including taxes and custom duties
- Present status, growth trends, and the future outlook for the sector
- Import-Export data
- Sector specific details and relevant information
The main sources of the information were:
- Government of India websites related to economy and trade like Ministry of Finance,
Department of Commerce, Department of Central Excise and Customs etc.
- Import and Export data from Directorate General of Commercial Intelligence and Statistics
(DGCI&S), Govt. of India.
- Company Websites
- Catalogues of Indian manufacturing and marketing companies
Primary Survey
Primary survey was conducted to assess the market structure, size, and growth trends of the sector
in India. The primary survey was carried out through interviews based on structured questionnaires,
with manufacturers, importers, retailers raw material/semi-finished goods suppliers, and industry
bodies in Delhi/NCR, Ludhiana, Coimbatore/Tirupur, Chennai, Mumbai and Ahmedabad.
A list of organizations covered through the primary survey is annexed. It is pertinent to highlight
here that although most of the respondents were cooperative, some companies did not agree to
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meet the consultants while some shared only part of the information. In such cases, effort has been
made to compile as much information as possible from secondary sources.
1.4 Draft Report

This Draft Report has been prepared based on the compilation and analysis of all information/data
collected through secondary and primary research.
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2. Market Characteristics
India’s textile clothing and apparels sector has opened up significantly with the dismantling of
quotas. Global apparel market is gradually shifting from western countries to Asia on account of cost
competitiveness. India has also the added advantage of low labor cost along with other countries
like Bangladesh, Indonesia and China.
2.1 Market Size
Apparel is the second largest retail category in India. There are a number of factors that have
contributed to a definite swell in apparel market size. The rising affluence of the middle class due to
rising disposable income and strong per capita income have considerably helped the industry to
move ahead from a commodity level garment purchasing to a life style or a branded level product.
India’s domestic market for clothing is currently worth Euro 20,219 million in 2008. It has registered
a steady compounded annual growth rate (CAGR) of 13.6% in the past 5 years. Volume wise, apparel
market has grown from 4.8 billion units in 2004 to 5.9 billion units in 2008 at a CAGR of 5.3%.
India's Apparel Market Size
Category 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

(estimates)
Volume Value Volume Value Volume Value Volume Value Volume Value
(million (Euro (million (Euro (million (Euro (million (Euro (million (Euro
units) Million) units) Million) units) Million) units) Million) units) Million)
Menswear 1,328 4,450 1,379 4,975 1,443 5,605 1,516 6,381 1,600 6,938
Women’s 1,368 3,856 1,443 4,433 1,523 5,106 1,609 5,923 1,676 6,414
wear
Unisex 466 1,014 486 1,152 519 1,461 548 1,695 579 1,816
apparel
Kids’ wear 1,222 1,836 1,269 2,045 1,323 2,333 1,381 2,702 1,468 2,975
Uniforms 423 991 457 1,199 498 1,461 543 1,797 581 2,077
Total 4,807 12,147 5,034 13,803 5,306 15,966 5,597 18,498 5,905 20,219
CAGR By Volume: 5.3% ; By Value: 13.6% (Conversion Rate: 1 Euro = 64 Indian Rupees)
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India's Apparel Market Size: By Volume
7,000
6,000
Qty in Million
5,000
4,000
3,000
2,000
1,000
0
2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09
(estim ates)
Year
Mensw ear Wom ensw ear Unisex apparel
Kidsw ear Uniform s Total
India's Apparel Market Size: By Value

25,000
20,000
Value in Euro Million
15,000
10,000
5,000
0
2004-05 2006-07 2008-09
(estim ates)
Year
Mensw ear Wom ensw ear Unisex apparel
Kidsw ear Uniform s Total
2.2 Assessment of Demand and Market Potential in India
Indian textile clothing and apparel industry has been one of the worst affected under the impact of
financial meltdown that has impacted the economies of US and EU. As a fall- out, India’s domestic
textile and apparels market suffered some set-back.
However, India’s economy during the past 2/ 3 months has shown signs of recovery. Government of
India has projected GDP growth rate of 6.5% for 2009-10. This is much better economic situation
when one compares with the developed western countries.
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Future Outlook for Clothing and Apparels sector
Apparel, is the second largest retail category in India. Retail boom in India continues to stimulate
consumer demand for apparels and is estimated to grow at the rate of 12-15 per cent annually in
terms of growth in rupee value. In fact, reflecting the huge opportunity in this segment, AT Kearney's
'Retail Apparel Index' ranks India as the third most attractive market for apparel retailers.
According to the Confederation of Indian Industry–Ernst & Young Textiles and Apparel Report 2007,
the Indian sourcing market is estimated to grow at an annual average rate of 12 per cent from an
expected market size of US$ 22 billion-25 billion in 2008 to US$ 35 billion-37 billion by 2011. More
international brands have started queuing up to source from India, through vendors or wholly-
owned units. German kids wear brand Kanz, Ireland's biggest linen manufacturer Baird McNutt, and
Finnish textile major Ahlstrom are buying into the India garment story.
Consumer spending on apparel in India has grown over the last five years, touching the global
benchmark of 5 per cent of the total income, according to Consultancy firm MCKinsey. Growth in
consumer spending has been sustained on the strength of macro-economic fundamentals,
Economic recession has, however, indirectly helped India to retain some of its exports in the EU and
US market. The latest import data from both the countries seem to substantiate the fact. In the
wake of depression, US which was earlier sourcing from Mexico and Central and Latin America is
moving to Asian countries particularly from China and also India and other countries. EU which was
concentrating mainly from other EU countries has also taken the same strategy of moving towards
Asian region.
2.3 Demand Projection
The domestic demand is projected to go up at a CAGR of 10.5% by value over the next 3 years. In
volume terms the growth rate is expected to be 5% per year in the next three years.
Demand Projection Apparel Market: By Volume
7,000
6,835
6,800
6,600 6,510
Qty in million
6,400
6,200
6,200
5,905
6,000
5,800
5,600
5,400
2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12
(Base Year) CAGR: 5%
Year
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Demand Projection Apparel Market: By Value
30,000
24,688 27,280
25,000 22,342
Value (Euro Million)

20,219
20,000
15,000
10,000
5,000
0
2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12
(Base Year) CAGR : 10.5%
Year
2.4 Key Market Drivers – Domestic market
Changing demographic profile works as a major stimulus to market development. India has a young
consumer profile with over 65% of the population below 35% years of age. The composition of the
Indian population is shifting more towards the age–group 20-49, viz, the working population with
purchasing power. It seems to indicate that consumer life style and preferences are changing fast
which is a prominent driving factor.
Rising Income Level
A large number of households are getting added to the consuming class with growing income levels.
This has been a significant rise in high income group households from 5.5 million in 1995 to 18
million households in 2005 and from 18 million households to 31 million households for high middle
income group. There has also been increase in the nuclear family structure, a growing number of
educated and employed women, media proliferation and growing consumerism, have all
contributed to the growth of organized retailing.
There is increase in awareness of the tier II cities and this is eroding the difference between the
metros and the tier II cities in terms of urban aspirations.
Retail Space
Quality retail space has been one of the key hurdles for the development of organized retail. In 2007
there were 375 shopping centers / malls covering 90 million sq.ft quality retail space. Even though
this still constitutes a small fraction of total retail in India, this growth in quality retail space is
expected to impact the growth in the apparel market as there will be considerable change in the
shopping habits. Impulse shopping is expected to go up up to 40% of total mall shopping. Awareness
and sensitivity of brands will also be heightened.
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Mall Culture
The emergence of mall culture and rapid development of malls would act as a catalyst in this retail
growth story.
Drivers of Exports
• Rising outsourcing budgets of retail giants

• Indian companies evolving from mere converters to vendor partners of global buyers
• Large outsourcing orders helping Indian companies build capacities, lower their per unit cost and
become more competitive
2.5 Market Structure and Segmentation
Indian apparel market is vast, and fragmented and yet growing, characterized by presence of large
number of players, widely dispersed across the country. The market is segmented in three different
ways:
- Segmentation by User category

- Segmentation by Use
- Segmentation by Price
Market Segmentation: User Category
Men’s wear Women’s wear Unisex Kids’ wear
Market Segmentation – by USE
Formal Casual Active Traditional Uniforms

Wear Wear Sportswe Wear
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The market, well dispersed and fragmented on considerations of quality and price may be classified
under three broad categories.
• The low end market: Lower and economy (marginally improved product segment in relation
to the lower category), solely volume driven, products are mostly unbranded and dominated
by large number of manufacturers. The manufacturers operating in these segments are
beset with problems of high competition, limited capacities, inadequate logistics and paucity
of funds. Essentially the manufacturers are regional or even local players.
• The mid-range market: This segment features medium range of products, though primarily
volume driven, caters to diverse sections of Indian consumers across all regions, Its quality is
by and large acceptable to all sections. Majority of manufacturers, large and medium, have
products on offer for these categories of consumers.
• The high end market: MNCs and large Indian players operate in the premium and super-
premium product categories. Exclusivity in product features such as high quality raw
materials, embellishments, design developments and above all branding of products for
years make the products very special. Elitist categories of consumers pay for the products on
demand.
2.5.1 Market Segmentation by Price

MENSWEAR WOMEN’S WEAR UNISEX APPAREL
Product Average Price Product Average Price Product Average Price
Category (EURO/ Piece) Category (EURO/ Piece) Category (EURO/ Piece)
Entry Level Entry Level Entry Level
Shirts Ethnic wear Jeanswear
Super 28 and above Super 61+ Super 57+
Premium Premium Premium
Premium 18 – 27+ Premium 34 – 60+ Premium 26 – 56+
Medium 12 – 17+ Medium 17 – 33+ Medium 14 – 25+
Economy 7 – 11+ Economy 9 – 16+ Economy 7 – 13+
Low 5+ Low 4 – 8+ Low 3+
Trousers Sarees Woolens:

Sweaters,
Pullovers,
Cardigans
Super 36+ Super 116 Super 34+
Premium Premium Premium
Premium 25 – 35+ Premium 60 - 115+ Premium 20 – 33+
Medium 16 – 24+ Medium 26 – 59+ Medium 7 – 19+
Economy 8 – 15+ Economy 9 – 25+ Economy 4 – 6+
Low 5 – 7+ Low 2 – 8+ Low 2 – 3+
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Formal Suits, Petticoats 1+ Casual
Jackets, Blazers,
Blazers* Jackets
Including
Leather
Super 226+ Super 73+
Premium Premium
Premium 137 – 225+ Blouses 1+ Premium 39 – 20+
Medium 97 – 136+ Medium 21 – 38+
Economy 58 – 96+ T-Shirts Economy 8 – 20+
Low 25 – 57+ Super 14+ Low 3 – 7+
Premium
Premium 9 – 13+
T-Shirts Medium 7 – 8+ Active
Sportswear
Super 23+ Economy 3 – 6+ Super 55+
Premium Premium
Premium 15 – 22+ Low 1 - 2+ Premium 23 – 54+
Medium 9 – 14+ Medium 10 – 22+
Economy 4 – 8+ Tops (Woven) Economy 4 – 9+
Low 1 – 3+ Super 17+ Low 1 – 3+
Premium
Premium 10 – 16+
Nightwear, Medium 8 – 9+ Socks
Kurta-
Pyjama
Super 31+ Economy 3 -7+ Super 4+
Premium Premium
Premium 21 – 30+ Low 1 – 2+ Premium 2 – 3+
Medium 14 – 20+ Medium 1 – 2+
Economy 6 – 13+ Western 37+ Economy 1+
Suits, Coats,
Blazers
Low 2 – 5+ Low <1
Trousers, 13+
Skirts
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Lungis/ 2+ Nightwear
Dhotis &
Other Men's
Apparel
Super 29+
Premium
Premium 18 – 28+
Medium 9 – 17+
Economy 4 – 8+
Low 2 – 3+
Source: Year Book, 2009 Image Multimedia Pvt. Ltd. and Primary Research
2.6 Regional Characteristics of the Market

• The consumer behavior of a particular region which is economically not so developed is
different as compared to developed ones. The consumers in the less developed region are
understandably, more price-conscious. Always on the lookout for quality products, their
guiding principle is ’value for money’. A lower per capita income, in eastern region for
example, compared to western and northern India leads to a lower per capita purchasing
power. Additionally, Delhi being centrally located and Mumbai, being the financial capital
have certain advantages. The consumers who live in these cities are more exposed to latest
apparel collections and are more familiar with design, quality and latest trendy fashion, as
well as the luxury of greater choice.
• The relatively undeveloped region offers several in-built advantages as well. Fashion
contenders setting out to do business in these regions find to their advantage that the
region has not been exploited commercially and is prone to competition. The market,
therefore, offers much but it needs to be cultivated in an organized manner.
• Local ready availability of products also influences a consumer. The decision to stick to a
particular available brand seems to govern the purchase decision than the rarely available
choicest product. Logistics, convenience and easy availability are important considerations
for a local consumer.
• Regional considerations, such as climatic conditions etc., play a major role in so far as the
purchase decision of apparels is concerned. For instance, a consumer in Northern region
would spend more on woolen apparels and clothing than his counterpart in the west or
south where the winter is much milder. Similar is the case with linen products. It has not
found much acceptance among Indian consumers. Besides being expensive, linen has not
become popular in a tropical country like India.
• There are certain common considerations for consumers regardless of locations. The
consumers by and large are becoming increasingly more and more conscious of value of
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money. Price sensitivity is a common concern. Purchase decisions of consumers anywhere

are more guided a combination of demographic and psychometric factors, such as,
disposable income, age-distribution, pattern of income distribution, quality of upbringing,
aptitude, tastes and preferences and so on.
3. Consumer Behavior and Preferences
3.1 Characteristics of Indian Consumer
The Indian consumers are noted for the high degree of value orientation. Such orientation to value
has labeled Indians as one of the most discerning consumers in the world. Even, luxury brands have
to design a unique pricing strategy in order to get a foothold in the Indian market.
Indian consumers have a high degree of family orientation. This orientation in fact, extends to the
extended family and friends as well. Brands with identities that support family values tend to be
popular and are accepted easily in the Indian market.
Indian consumers are also associated with values of nurturing, care and affection. These values are
far more dominant than values of ambition and achievement. Products, which communicate feelings
and emotions gel with the Indian consumers.
Different Segments of Indian Consumers
Socialites: Socialites belong to the upper class. They prefer to shop in specialty stores, go to clubs on
weekends, and spend a good amount on luxury goods. They are always looking for something
different. They are the darlings of exclusive establishments. They go for high value, exclusive
products. Socialites are also very brand conscious and would go only for the best known in the
market.
The Conservatives: The Conservatives belong to the middle class. The conservative segment is the
reflection of the true Indian culture. They are traditional in their outlook, cautious in their approach
towards purchases; spend more time with family than in partying and focus more on savings than
spending. Slow in decision making, they seek a lot of information before making any purchase. They
look for durability and functionality but at the same time is also image conscious.
They prefer high value consumer products, but often have to settle for the more affordable one.
These habits in turn affect their purchasing habits where they are trying to go for the middle and
upper middle level priced products.
The Working Women: The working women’s segment is the one, which has seen a tremendous
growth in the late nineties. This segment has opened the floodgates for the Indian retailers. The
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Indian women have grown out of their long-standing image of being homemakers. Working women
have their own mind in decision to purchase the products that appeal to them.
The Rich: India has over 1 million rich households (income greater than Euro 8,000 per annum).
These people are upwardly mobile. Some of them in this category are Double Income No Kids (DINK)
households. They spend more on leisure and entertainment-activities than on future looking
investments.
Indian consumers are also associated with values of nurturing, care and affection. These values are
far more dominant that values of ambition and achievement. Product which communicate feelings
and emotions gel with the Indian consumers.
Apart from psychology and economics, the role of history and tradition in shaping the Indian
consumer behavior is quite unique.
3.2 Purchase Pattern of Textile Products
Salient Features of a Consumer Survey on “Purchase Pattern of Textiles” by Textile Committee,

Govt. of India, are summarized below:
• In India man-made fabric among various textile materials sells the most.
• Sales of cotton come next in the order, while wool and silk constitute negligible percentage
of total sales.
• Central, northern and western regions are the major consumers of man-made fabrics.
• Maximum consumption of cotton is reported from the eastern region.
• Consumption of cotton in other regions is reportedly much less. This is an interesting
revelation since India is ranked third as a cotton producing country in the world.
The relevant findings of the consumer purchase behavior of textiles based on a survey conducted by
Textile Committee, Government of India are presented in the following tables:
Region Wise Purchase of Textiles (2006-07) – by value
1000 982
800
Rs. Billion
600
444
400
293
230 202
163 163
200
85 106 87
44 68 94 43
18 18 13 7 4 22 3
16 5 3
0
Page 13 North South East West Central Total
Ace Global Private Limited Region
Cotton Silk Wool Manm ade/ blended

___________________________________________________________________________________
Purchase of Textile Clothing and Garments
Volume (million metres) Value (Euro Million)

Urban Rural Total Urban Rural Total
2006-07 8,467 15,563 24,030 11.56 12.75 24.31
Cotton 3,703 5,586 9,289 3.77 3.16 6.94
Silk 113 41 154 0.99 0.37 1.36
Wool 46 47 93 0.42 0.25 0.67
3-year CAGR 4.4% 4.8% 4.7% 7.0% 6.0% 6.5%
Cotton 3.3% 3.8% 3.6% 5.0% 1.2% 3.2%
Silk 3.8% 3.5% 3.7% 8.6% 13.4% 9.9%
Wool -6.3% -2.7% -4.6% 1.4% -2.2% 0.0%
Manmade/ blended 5.4% 5.5% 5.5% 8.5% 8.0% 8.2%
3.3 Preferred Brands
Preference for particular apparel brands depends on individual tastes and preferences and
consumers are a divided lot. However, majority of Indian consumers look for certain common
parameters like design, quality and above all merchandizing. Innovation in product design and fabric
selection, are essential elements that add to value perception for a product. Sales discounts also
tend to influence the purchase decisions of consumers provided the minimum parameters/ features
are not compromised with.
Preferred Brands for Men’s products
Name of the Manufacturer Brand Formal / Casual Remark

Silver Spark Apparel Ltd, Park Avenue Formal High-end Segment
Owned by Raymonds India
Ltd
Raymonds India Ltd Parx Smart Casuals High – end Segment
Raymonds India Ltd Monzoni Luxury Life style High-end Segment
Brand
Raymonds India Ltd Color Plus Casual Wear Medium & High –end
Segment
Raymonds India Ltd Notting Hill Formal & Casual Wear Medium Priced
Segment
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Raymonds India Ltd Flying Machine Formal Medium and High

Aditya Birla Novo Ltd Louis Philippe Priced Segment
Aditya Birla Novo Ltd Van Heusen Formal High-end Segment
Aditya Birla Novo Ltd Allen Solly Formal & Casual High-end Segment
DCM Benetton India Ltd Benetton , Italy Formal & Casual High-end Segment
Celebrity Fashions Ltd India Terrain Formal Medium Priced

Segment
S Kumar Nationwide Ltd S Kumars, Reid & Formal & Casual Medium Priced
Taylor & Tamarind Segment
Levi Strauss (India) Ltd Levi Strauss Formal High –end Segment
Blackberrys Blackberry Formal High-end Segment
Cantabiles Retail India Pvt Cantabile Formal & Casual Medium & High-end
Ltd Segment
Preferred Brands for Women’s products
Name of the Manufacturer Brand Formal / Casual Remark

Raymonds India Ltd Color Plus Women Smart Casual Clothing High- end Segment
Raymonds Ltd Park Avenue Women Premium Business High – end Segment
Wear for Women, for
Working Women
Professionals
Aditya Birla Nuvo Ltd Van Heusen Formal & Casual Medium & High-end
Wear Segment
Aditya Birla Nuvo Ltd Allen Solly Formal & Casual Medium & High –end
Wear
Aditya Birla Nuvo Ltd Espirit Formal & Casual High-end Segment
Wear
DCM Benetton India Ltd Benetton Casual,Fun-wear, High-end Segment
Frocks, Dungarees,
Skirts
Mango Mango Formal & Casual High-end Segment
Lee Cooper Ltd LeeCooper Formal High-end Segment

Levi Strauss (India) Ltd Levi Strauss Formal High-end Segment
Murjani Group FCUK, Calvin Klein, Premium casual wear High-end segment
Tmooy Hilfiger
3.4 Factors that Influence the Choices of Consumers
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The consumers put major emphasis on product quality. Price is another important consideration
attracting customers to a particular shop/brand/product. Pre and post sales services, parking
facilities and ambience of the store or mall are the other major factors that attract local customers.
In the selection of products, the consumers do not give automatic precedence to local brands over
national or foreign brands. Value for money has become the over-riding consideration. Fabric,
texture and color followed by proper fits and sizing weigh more importance to the local consumers
rather than just easy availability of local brands on account of proximity.
Local consumers of apparels in each region are also guided by:
- Window POS Displays

- Roadside Hoardings
- Gift Vouchers
- Fresh arrivals
- Event Sponsorships
- Discount Offers
- Celebrity Endorsements
- Advertisements / Features in Magazines
- Advertisements on TV/ Electronic Media
3.5 Degree of Elasticity of Demand
Considering that price elasticity depends to a large extent on the extent of competition among the
manufacturers, the Lower and Economy segments of the market are usually price-inelastic. These
segments being highly competitive do not allow the manufacturers any leverage to increase the
price.
Higher up along the value chain, the affordability or paying capacity of the consumer is higher. The
product market which characterizes mid-product segment becomes increasingly quality oriented and
more diversified. Despite competitive pressure, the price in this segment keeps on rising. The
demand for the product becomes price elastic.
In case of premium and super-premium product segments, where entire focus is on quality, style
and brand value, the consumer is insensitive to change in price.
As per the findings of retailer survey, even an increase of 5% in the price has an effect on low end /
economy category products, while mid-end category is usually able to absorb a 5-10% price increase
without a major adverse impact on the sales of a brand.
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4. Production in India
4.1 Evolution of the Industry
A significantly large section of Indian consumers were traditionally dependent on tailor–made

dresses till the late 1980s. Even when over the past few decades western dresses started making
inroads in to Indian households both in the urban and rural areas. Indian consumers used to
purchase their fabric and hand over to the tailors for stitching. Tailor–made garments had a long era
in India.
However, increasing availability of ready-made products in retail outlets in metros and other cities,
together with media exposure largely worked towards proliferation of ready-made garments in
India. Convenience, availability of wide choice of designs, colors and instant availability of products
within budget were the factors that tilted Indian consumers towards ‘ready-to-wear products.
Evolution of Ready-to- wear Market in India
Phase Period Description
Phase-I Pre 1990’s Era of Tailor Made Garments
Phase-II 1990-95 Ready to wear Inducted
Phase-III 1995-2000 Brands Flourished
Phase-IV 2000-2004 Retail Dominates
Phase-V 2005 onwards Categories Rule
Source: Images India
4.2 Industry Status

The Indian garment industry is highly labor- intensive with about 77,000 units spread over the entire
country. The industry has two major sectors - knitted and woven. Weaving sector is predominantly
small scale, having an average 4-5 power looms per unit. Knits have been more successful especially
in export channels. The hosiery sector, on the other hand, has largely a domestic focus and is
growing rapidly.
The average size of a manufacturing unit does not exceed 15 to 20 machines. The representation of
large scale units in the industry as yet is not so significant, though the number of large scale players
is slowly rising in tune with the growth trend of the industry. Many International players have also
tied up with premier Indian companies.
Production Strategy
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Three types of production strategies are normally used by apparel manufacturers. The first one is
called flexible manufacturing strategy. The manufacturing firm will operate with the flexibility
needed to meet the demands of its consumers depending upon the inherent ability to adapt
immediate changes in the apparel market. The second method, known as ‘Value added
Manufacturing Strategy is a quick response strategy that focuses on eliminating any unnecessary
operations. The manufacturers take necessary action through cutting down extra time that delay
production such as inspection, bundling, sorting etc requires extra time. ‘Agile Manufacturing
Strategy’- the third strategy points to the dynamic ability of the firm to strategically use changes as a
vehicle to grow in the new markets. It requires openness to change and flexibility to pursue change -
- ability to anticipate consumer needs through innovation that makes it possible for the product to
grow.
Product Categories
Indian manufacturers are now fully geared to meet diverse requirements of Indian garments. Broad
product categories consist of:
• Men’s wear
• Women’s wear
• Children’s wear
• Unisex wear
Growth of nuclear families and changing demographic structure, have been the main factors for
creating separate demand for children garments. Children’s products at present account for about 5
to 8% of total production. This report does not classify’ children’ as a distinct category as it forms
part of either men’s or women’s wear.
A section of modern Indian society does not discriminate in the upbringing of male and female child.
With equality in the level of upbringing, a large section of women use male uniforms. This trend is
more pronoinced with women professionals who increasingly use ‘male’ outfits such as trousers,
shirts, jackets etc. This has created a unique opportunity for Indian manufacturers to create a
separate segment that suits the requirements of both the genders. The demand for unisex clothing is
continually on the rise in India.
As part of office culture back at home in Japan, Suzuki introduced office/factory uniform for its
employees at the Indian joint venture. Since then a large number of Indian companies have
introduced uniform culture at offices and factories. Only a few garment manufacturers are
producing office uniform. In view of the massive demand arising from Indian employers, market
demand for office uniform wear has escalated strongly in recent years.
4.3 Local Production

Share by Product Category
- The pattern of production of garment industry is weighted in favor of ladies garments. This
is only to be expected since these garments lend themselves to all kinds of fashion and
embellishments.
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- Men’s wear production lags behind women’s wear in terms of share of production by
volume. However, by the yardstick of value, men account for higher share in production.
-
Market Share of Production: By Volume (2007-08)
Market Share of Production: By Value (2007-08)
4.4 Growth Trend by Production Category
Volume wise, apparel production has been growing at a CAGR of little more than 5% in the past 3
years (Menswear 5.3%; Women’s wear 5%; Unisex Apparel 5.5%). However, in Value terms, apparel
production has been growing at an impressive CAGR of 11.5 % to 12% in the last 3 years (Menswear
11.4%; Women’s wear 12.1%; Unisex Apparel 11.5%).
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Production Trend: By Volume (million units)
Production Trend: By Value (million Euros)
Production Trend by products Within Each Category
Production Trend: By Volume
Category Volume (Units in '000) CAGR

2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 (%)
(estimates)
MENSWEAR
Shirts 345,865 360,300 379,680 4.7%
Trousers 206,010 214,100 224,000 4.2%
Formal Suits, Jackets, Blazers 14,700 15,501 16,550 6.1%
T-Shirts 89,754 94,000 98,000 4.5%
Nightwear, Kurta-Pyjama 83,630 86,150 90,320 3.9%
Innerwear 444,580 479,100 512,570 7.4%
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Shawls, Stoles, Wrap-ons 14,775 15,660 16,130 4.5%

Lungis/ Dhotis & Other Men's Apparel 243,400 250,700 263,100 4.0%
Total Menswear 1,442,714 1,515,511 1,600,350 5.3%
WOMEN’S WEAR
Ethnic wear 182,240 192,050 205,301 6.1%
Sarees 361,420 370,100 383,389 3.0%
Petticoats 105,000 108,100 109200 2.0%
Blouses 219,900 233,000 235500 3.5%
T-Shirts 20,180 21,750 23,651 8.3%
Tops (Woven) 16,160 17,289 18,200 6.1%
Western Suits, Coats, Blazers 800 910 990 11.2%
Trousers, Skirts 13,120 14,900 16,250 11.3%
Nightwear 105,070 110,100 114,000 4.2%
Lingerie 469,700 509,800 537,300 7.0%
Shawls, Stoles, Wrap-Ons 29,400 31,460 32720 5.5%
Total WOMENSWEAR 1,522,990 1,609,459 1,676,501 5.0%
UNISEX APPAREL
Jeanswear 51,570 58,200 63,500 11.0%
Woolens: Sweaters, Pullovers, Cardigans 153,000 157,000 163,100 3.2%
Casual Blazers, Jackets Including Leather 19,100 19,900 20,879 4.5%
Active Sportswear 17,500 20,500 21,300 10.3%
Socks 250,900 264,200 280,500 5.7%
Ties/ Scarves 27,180 28,250 29,250 3.7%
Total UNISEX APPAREL 519,250 548,050 578,529 5.5%
Production Trend: By Value
Category Value (Euro Million) CAGR

2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 (%)
(estimates)
MENSWEAR
Shirts 2110.94 2416.41 2644.22 11.9%
Trousers 1473.44 1673.28 1808.44 10.8%
Formal Suits, Jackets, Blazers 504.53 570.16 626.56 11.4%
T-Shirts 388.28 446.88 477.50 10.9%
Nightwear, Kurta-Pyjama 252.34 282.19 303.75 9.7%
Innerwear
Innerwear 400.78 475.94 517.97 13.7%
Shawls, Stoles, Wrapons 56.25 64.53 72.03 13.2%
Lungis/ Dhotis & Other Men's Apparel 418.75 452.34 485.94 7.7%
Total Menswear 5605.31 6381.72 6936.41 11.2%
WOMEN’S WEAR
Ethnic wear 1229.69 1432.97 1564.22 12.8%
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Sarees 2079.69 2355.16 2537.81 10.5%

Petticoats 126.56 136.72 142.03 6.0%
Blouses 270.31 303.91 316.41 8.2%
T-Shirts 51.41 58.91 64.06 11.6%
Tops (Woven) 52.19 60.31 65.47 12.0%
Western Suits, Coats, Blazers 29.69 39.84 45.31 23.5%
Trousers, Skirts 175.00 226.56 260.47 22.0%
Nightwear 239.69 270.47 288.44 9.7%
Lingerie 730.47 896.56 968.13 15.1%
Shawls, Stoles, Wrap-Ons 121.09 142.34 162.50 15.8%
Total WOMEN’S WEAR 5105.78 5923.75 6414.84 12.1%
UNISEX APPAREL
Jeanswear 406.88 481.25 515.31 12.5%
Woollens: Sweaters, Pullovers, Cardigans 510.00 561.09 587.81 7.4%
Casual Blazers, Jackets Including Leather 206.41 237.19 256.72 11.5%
Active Sportswear 112.34 155.63 175.16 24.9%
Socks 166.88 194.53 209.38 12.0%
Ties/ Scarves 58.28 67.97 71.88 11.1%
Total UNISEX APPAREL 1460.78 1697.66 1816.25 11.5%
Production Trend by Price Segments
MENSWEAR
Category Figure in percentage

2006-07 2007-08 2008-09
(estimates)
Super Premium 1% 1% 1%
Premium 6% 6% 6%
Medium 11% 12% 12%
Economy 27% 27% 28%
Low 49% 48% 47%
Total 100% 100% 100%
WOMEN’S WEAR

2006-07 2007-08 2008-09
(estimates)
Super Premium 0.3% 0.3% 0.3%
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Premium 2% 2% 2%
Medium 14% 15% 14%
Economy 33% 34% 34%
Low 51% 49% 49%
Total 100% 100% 100%
UNISEXWEAR

2006-07 2007-08 2008-09
(estimates)
Super Premium 0.5% 0.5% 0.5%
Premium 4% 4% 4%
Medium 15% 15% 15%
Economy 30% 30% 31%
Low 51% 50% 49%
Total 100% 100% 100%
Detailed tables are attached as Annexure, giving breakdown under each category by price segment.
4.5 Key Players
The key players of the industry have been listed below on the basis of the following criteria:
• Comparative evaluation of brand equity of the company
• Marketing reach of the companies in terms of retail outlets across the country and retail
outlets by city.
• Image and reputation of the company.
Name of The Manufacturer Products Manufactured

Raymond Ltd. Garments: worsted, woolen and linen fabrics to creating
Mumbai suits, trousers and apparel.
Monzoni: super premium formalwear and sportswear
including suits, shirts, trousers and high quality accessories
such as handcrafted silk ties, pure leather shoes crafted in
Europe and leather belts.
Park Avenue: The shirts, trousers, suits and jackets need
little care and therefore convenient to carry while
travelling.
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Name of The Manufacturer Products Manufactured

ColorPlus: one of India's leading casual wear brands. Our
shirts, trousers, knits, survival gear and accessories have
always met international quality standards.
Parx: premium casual lifestyle brand which is positioned to
cater to the needs of consumers who are looking for
dressing up for life "beyond work".
Zapp: range of apparel, accessories and lifestyle products
for kids between the age group of 4 to 14 years.
Notting Hill: suits, shirts, trousers, jeans, t-shirts and also
accessories like ties, handkerchiefs and socks.
Arvind Limited Flying Machine, New Prot & Ruf & Tuf: Jeans
Ahmedabad Excalibur : Shirts
Arrow : Formals & Casuals
Lee : Jeans
Wrangler : Jeans
Tommy Hillfiger : High Fashion Products
Aditya Birla Nuvo Ltd. Louis Philippe / Upper Crest: Silk Trousers, Blazer, Ties, T-
Mumbai shirts
Van Heusen: Winter wear, Knits
Allen Solly: Formal Trousers and Shirts and Casuals
Peter England: Formal shirts and formal and casual
trousers for men
Espirit: T-shirts and Shirts
DCM Benetton India Ltd Benetton Kids: Sweaters, Pullovers, Corduroy Jackers,
Benetton India Private Limited Denim Wear
Gurgaon Girls wear: Casual, fun wear, frocks, dungarees, skirts
S Kumar Nationwide Ltd. S. Kumars, Reid & Taylor, Tamarind

Mumbai Suits, Polo style shirts, Khaki Trouser, Navy Blazer, Silk Ties,
Jeans, T Shirts
Levi Strauss (India) Ltd Jeans for men and women
Bangalore
Lee Cooper Men’s:
Lee Cooper India Pvt. Ltd. Jeans, T-Shirts, Other Tops, Headgear & Belts
Mumbai Women’s:
Jeans, Shirts & Tees, Other Tops, Other Bottoms, Belts &
Accessories
CELEBRITY FASHIONS LTD. Men’s wear
Chennai
Profiles of key Market Players are annexed.
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4.6 Product Range
Indian apparel industry manufactures wide range of products, woven and knit, formal and casual, to
cater to the diverse requirements of customers based on their economic status.
Category Type of Garments
Men’s wear Shirt, Trouser, Formal Suit, Jacket, Blazer, T-shirt, Night wear, Pajama, Innerwear,
Lungi, Dhoti etc.
Women’s wear Ethnic wear, Sari, Petticoat, Blouse, T-shirt, Top (Woven), Western Suit, Coat,
Blazer, Trouser, Shirt, Shirt, Nightwear, Lingerie, Shawl, Stole, Wrapper etc.
Unisex Apparel Jeans wear, Woolen, Sweater, Pullover, Cardigan, Casual Blazer, Jacket including
leather, Active Sportswear, Sock, Tie, Scarves etc
Work -wear Office designated trouser, shirt or women’s wear, Ladies lab coat, Apron etc
4.7 Major Concentration Areas for Production

Indian garment manufacturing is conducted mainly in clusters all around the country. Textile cluster
development in the form of textile parks is one of major Government policy to boost garment
production. The Government provides clusters various technological and financial assistance with a
view to increase competitive edge of Indian products.
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Ludhiana
Kanpur
Kolkata
Mumbai
Solapur
Bangalore
Erode
Tirupur
Page 26
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4.8 State of Technology
4.8.1 The Textile and Apparel Supply Chain
The Textile and Apparel Supply Chain comprises of diverse raw material sectors, ginning facilities,
spinning and extrusion processes, processing sector, weaving and knitting factories and garment
manufacturing.
Structure of the Cotton Textile Industry
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The Indian textile and apparel industry exhibit varying levels of technology ranging from traditional
to most modern and this has impacted the overall growth and productivity of the sector.
Spinning Sector
Indian spinning sector is perhaps most competitive globally in terms of variety, unit prices and
production quantity. Though cotton is the fiber of preference the world over, man-made fiber
(polyester fiber and polyester filament yarn) is also produced by large and medium size producers.
Spinning sector is technology intensive and productivity is affected by the quality of cotton and the
cleaning process used during ginning.
Weaving Sector
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Weaving sector is predominantly small scale, has on an average 4.5 power looms per unit, suffers
from outdated technology, and incurs high co-ordination costs. Knits have been more successful in
export sector. The handloom sector (including khadi, silk and some wool) serves the low and the
high ends of the value chain – both mass consumption products for use in rural India as well as niche
products for urban & exports markets. Three distinctive technologies are used in the sector –
handlooms, power looms and knitting machines. It produces, chiefly, textiles with geographical
characterization) and in small batches. Handloom production is mostly rural (employing mostly
household weavers) and revolves around master-weavers who provide designs, raw materials and
often the looms.
Weaving, using power looms has traditionally been done by composite mills that combine it with
spinning and processing operations. Over the years, government incentives (especially saris and
grey cloth) have facilitated the production based on power loom factories and away from composite
mills.
The processing sector, i.e., dyeing, finishing and printing activities, is mostly done in the small scale.
The largest amongst these comprise operations like dyeing and finishing. The processing sector is
mostly small scale. The largest amongst these involve dyeing operations. The remaining are
independent process houses (or part of composite mills) that use automated, semi-automated large
batch or continuous processing.
Production Infrastructure of Indian Textile Industry
Financial Year Units 2001 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Textile Mills (Non-SSI) No. 1,846 1,787 1,789 1,780 1,808 1,773
Spinning mills No. 1,565 1,564 1,566 1,570 1,608 1,597
Composite mills No. 281 223 223 210 200 176
Exclusive Weaving Mills No. 203 206 202 204 204 179
(Non-SSI)
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Spinning Mills (SSI) No. 996 1,135 1,161 1,173 1,236 1,219
Powerloom units Thousands 367 413 426 434 440 470
Installed Capacity
Spindles (SSI and Non-SSI) Millions 37.91 37.03 37.47 37.51 39.50
Rotors (SSI and Non-SSI) Thousands 454 482 500 520 601
Looms (Organized Sector) Thousands 140 105 103 92 88
Powerlooms Thousands 1,662 1,837 1,903 1,944 1,990 2,106
Handloom Thousands 3,891 3,891 3,891 3,891 3,891
MMF Million Kg. 1,081 1,101 1,189 1,191 1,663 1,659
MMF Yam Million Kg. 1,128 1,228 1,337 1,374 2,053 2,101
Worsted spindles Thousands 598 604 604 604 604
(Woolen)
Non-worsted spindles Thousands 426 437 437 437 437
(Woolen)
Fibres Production
Raw cotton Million Kg. 2,380 2,907 4,131 4,148 4,760 5,355
Man-made fibres Million Kg. 904 953 1,023 968 1,139 1,244
Raw wool Million Kg. 48.04 48.50 44.60 44.90 45.20
Raw silk Million Kg. 15.86 15.74 16.50 17.31 18.76
Yarn Production
Cotton Million Kg. 2,267 2,121 2,272 2,521 2,824 2,948
Blended Million Kg. 893 931 585 588 635 677
MMF Million Kg. 920 1,118 366 366 355 378
Fabric Production
Cotton msm 19,718 18,040 20,655 23,873 26,238 27,205
Blended Msm 6,351 6,068 6,032 6,298 6,882 6,888
100% NC msm 14,164 18,275 17,998 18,637 19,545 21,175
NC: non-cotton; msm: million square metres
Source: Market Size & Share, CMIE, 2009
4.8.2 Apparel Sector
A recent national study on technological up-gradation needs of Ready-made Garment (RMG)

Industry conducted by Garment Manufacturing Technology (GMT) Department of National Institute
of Fashion Technology (NIFT) has made certain important observations. The study reveals that in
export sector only 21% of manufacturers use modern technology by Indian Standards and another
70% may be classified as somewhere between modern technology and ‘primitive’ technology. No
company has overall rating of world class technology. However, 17% consider themselves to be
owning world class plant and machinery.
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In apparel manufacturing for domestic sector, the situation is not different. The manufacturers tend
to overestimate the technology level of their plants. Only 9% factories are characterized as being
considered modern by Indian Standards though 33% of manufacturers sincerely believe that they
have modern plants. 16 percent owners feel that they have a world class plant but actually none of
them, according to the study, have reached that stage.
Apart from the quality of fabric, the manufacturing processes in the apparel industry play an
important role to achieve the level of quality standards. This is also evident from one of the studies
conducted by the GMT Department at NIFT which is based on a comparative analysis of industry
norms in the industrialized countries and Indian Apparel industry.
Strategies for Technology Up gradation
Indian apparel manufacturers have been engaged in the process of technology up gradation in a
gradual manner. The technology up gradation plans for each establishment need to be drawn by
individual companies as a part of overall organizational strategies. A piecemeal approach is no
solution. Steps involved in developing technology strategy include knowing the present status,
understanding buyer needs, knowing technological options available and so on.
On the basis of current status of technology level in factories and taking in account the views
expressed by representatives of international buyers, broad guidelines for the technology mix for
different product specialization and price points have been developed by GMT Department, NIFT.
Machine mix for sewing, pre-sewing and post-sewing, including software applications have been
recommended for factories aiming at low, medium and high price segments of the international
market. Buyers may not have specific technology requirement in all micro areas but there might be
minimum expectations which a plant of today must have to qualify to be a supplier. These
equipments are termed as `order qualifier'. The equipments which shall further improve quality and
technology status of the factory but are not must are termed as `desirable'. Certain machines are
shown as `optional'. These will be added depending on product needs.
Quality
Requisite quality checking must be followed at each stage of manufacturing process in order to
maintain the quality.
Large Indian undergarment manufacturers in the organized sector conform to BIS specifications for
manufacture, raw material usage and accessories. Polluting dyes are banned
Foreign collaborations
Lucrative and burgeoning growth of Indian apparel industry has attracted many international
players. Foreign players have been attracted to Indian market for two major considerations. First,
the market size is one the largest in the world. The consuming class in the premium and super-
premium segment is rising significantly over the years and this has become major focus of interest
for foreign players. Secondly, another major purpose of foreign players is ‘use of India’ as a major
launching pad for maximizing third country exports.
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Major Foreign Collaborations in Indian Apparel Industry

Name of Indian Company Foreign Manufacturer Nature & Area of Collaboration
Trent Ltd, Tata Group Industria deDiseno Textil JV to promote Zara Stores in India
Sociedad Anonima (Inditex
SA), Spain
Arvind Mills Ltd VF Corporation Lee, Wrangler, JV
Vanity Fair, Nautica, JanSports
and Kipling
Arvind Mills Ltd CF ITALIA, Italy Technical Collaboration
Raymond India Ltd Gruppo Zambaiti, Italy JV
Raymond India Ltd Lanificio Fedora, Italy JV
Raymond India Ltd UCO NV, Belgium JV
Madura Garments Ltd, Group Espirit Global Ltd, USA JV
Company of Aditya Birla Novo
Ltd
Benetton International, The JV for development of knits
DCM Benetton India Ltd Netherlands
Future Group Lee Cooper Ltd, JV
Fabindia East, UK JV to include women’s wear
(retailing skirts, trousers, dresses
and tops)
Reliance Wrangler, John Player & Lee Strategic Partnership
Recent International Entries

International Brands Indian partner
Diesel Reliance
Holland and Sherry Digjam
Giorgio Armani, D&G, Salvatore Ferragamo, Boggi, DLF
Piquardo, Emporio Armani
Internacionale SKNL
Zara and Topshop Trent (Tata group)
Carter's Planet Retail
4.9 Availability of Raw Materials & Semi-processed Fabrics
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The industry consists of several sub-sectors: spinning, weaving, knitting and garmenting. It also uses
different raw materials – cotton, Jute, wool, Silk, man-made and synthetic fibers.
Currently India is the second largest producer of raw cotton in the world next to China. Production of
both cotton and MMF based fabrics have increased at a high rate in recent years because of
increased cotton production and availability, higher prices, healthy growth in demand and
Government incentives.
Composite Mills
Composite mills are integrated large scale mills that combine spinning, weaving and sometimes
fabric finishing. About 176 composite mills were operating in March,2008 with an installed capacity
of 5.63 million spindles. Between 1995 and 2008 the weaving capacity of the composite mills has
declined from 111,540 looms to 55,480 looms. The decline has been compensated by increase of
power loom in the hosiery sector.
Spinning Mills
These mills convert cotton or MMF in to yarn to be used for weaving and knitting. India had about
2,816 spinning mills including SSI units. These had an installed capacity of 34.41 million spindles.
Weaving and Knitting Mills
These mills convert cotton, man-made or blended yarns in to woven or knitted fabrics. This sector
consists of about 3.89 million handlooms, 470, 000 units
Fabric Finishing Facilities
Overall about 2,300 processors are operating in India including about 2100 independent units and
200 units that are integrated with spinning, weaving or knitting units.
Fiber & Yarn
• Domestic cotton production has grown at 19% CAGR in the past 4 years. Approximately 62%
of India’s production comprises of cotton or cotton blends, with their share increasing
during financial year 2005-08, primarily because of higher cotton availability. Domestic
cotton production has grown at 19% CAGR in the past 4 years.
• India has great advantage in Spinning Sector and has a presence in all process of operation
and value chain. India is one of the largest exporters of Yarn in international market and
contributes around 25% share of the global trade in Cotton Yarn. India is the fifth largest
producer of synthetic fibers/yarn. India accounts for 12 per cent of the world's production of
textile fibers and yarn. The country has a strong base for man made fiber of cellulose and
non-cellulose origin. Production of polyester staple fiber and viscose staple fiber has grown
at 9% CAGR and 4% CAGR respectively during the past 4 years.
• India is the second largest producer of silk and the only country to produce all four varieties
of silk – mulberry, TUSAR, ERI and MUGA. Silk production has grown at 7% CAGR during the
past 4 Years.
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• Indigenous wool, production, however, has not grown significantly.
Domestic Production of Raw Material and Semi-Processed Fabric

Production (msm) Growth
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2008 3-year 2009
(H1) (H1)
Cotton 18,040 20,655 23,873 26,238 27,205 13,371 3.7% 9.6% -1.3%
• Mills 969 1,072 1,192 1,305 1,249 626 -4.3% 5.2% 0.5%
• Handloom 4,519 4,792 5,236 5,717 6,076 2,894 6.3% 8.2% -3.8%
• Powerloom 6,370 7,361 8,821 9,647 9,932 4,717 3.0% 10.5% -5.2%
• Hosiery 6,182 7,430 8,624 9,569 9,948 5,134 4.0% 10.2% 3.8%
Blended 6,068 6,032 8,298 6,882 6,888 3,630 0.1% 4.5% 6.3%
• Mills 253 243 252 330 422 256 27.9% 20.2% 26.1%
• Handloom 117 146 145 99 123 46 24.2% -5.6% -
16.4%
• Powerloom 4,688 4,526 4,632 5,025 4,918 2,636 -2.1% 2.8% 8.7%
• Hosiery 1,010 1,117 1,269 1,428 1,425 692 -0.2% 8.5% -5.5%
100% NC 17,613 17,998 18,637 19,545 21,175 10,102 8.3% 5.6% -0.5%
• Mills 212 211 212 111 110 46 -0.9% -19.5% -
14.8%
• Handloom 857 784 727 720 748 364 3.9% -1.6% -0.8%
• Powerloom 15,889 16,438 17,173 18,207 19,886 9,469 9.2% 6.6% -0.6%
• Hosiery 655 565 525 507 431 223 -15.0% -8.6% 6.7%
Total 41,721 44,685 48,808 52,665 55,268 27,103 4.9% 7.3% -0.1%
• Mills 1,434 1,526 1,656 1,746 1,781 928 2.0% 5.3% 5.5%
• Handloom 5,493 5,722 6,108 6,536 6,947 3,304 6.3% 6.7% -3.6%
• Powerloom 26,947 28,325 30,626 32,879 34,736 16,822 5.6% 7.0% -0.6%
• Hosiery 7,847 9,112 10,418 11,504 11,804 6,049 2.6% 9.0% 2.8%
Khadi, Wool, Silk 662 693 769 724 763 381 5.4% 3.3% 0.0%
Total 42,383 45,378 49,577 53,389 56,031 27,484 4.9% 7.3% -0.1%
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Share of Different Fibres in Cloth Production
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
96
97
98
99
00
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
19
19
19
19
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
Cotton Blended Non-Cotton Khadi, wool, silk 20
Import of Raw Material and Semi-processed Fabrics

Total raw material imports into India, including raw wool, silk, cotton along with yarn and fabric for
textiles was of worth US $ 2260.52 million in 2007-08. In 2008-09 (April-Dec) it was US $ 1886.63
million.
Imports – Raw, Yarn and Fabric (by Value- US$ million)

US $ million
HS Code Description 2008-09
2005-06 2006-07 2007-08
(Apr-Dec 2009)
50 Silk- Raw, Yarn and Woven Fabric 398.06 350.20 393.57 286.44
51 Wool- Raw, Yarn and Woven Fabric 265.50 281.86 331.55 242.68
52 Cotton- Raw, Yarn and Woven Fabric 438.09 464.75 545.65 552.98
54 Man-Made Filaments. 457.00 443.95 489.49 404.26
55 Man-Made Staple Fibres 180.66 208.02 260.76 216.78
Special Woven Fabrics; Tufted Textile
58 Fabrics; Lace; Tapestries; Trimmings; 85.98 88.36 97.79 74.72
Embroidery
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60 Knitted Or Crocheted Fabrics 100.43 100.68 141.71 108.77

Total 1925.72 1937.82 2260.52 1886.63
Source: Directorate General of Foreign Trade
The imports are increasing on a year to year basis; bit the rate of growth of imports has increased in
the past two years. The average growth rate in this time was about 15%. This growth rate is fuelled
by the increased imports of cotton – raw, yarn and fabric; man-made filaments and staple fibres; and
knitted and crocheted fabrics in the given time period. The growth rate of other yarns and fabrics of
wool and silk have kind of stagnated in the recent years.
Import of cotton in various forms – raw, yarn and fabric – constitute the largest share in imports
(24%), followed by man-made filaments (22%).
Asian countries are the biggest suppliers of raw material and semi-processed fabrics related to
textiles sector in India. Their share is as much as 80% of all imports. The major Asian countries which
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supply raw material, yarn and fabric to India are China, Korea, Japan, Hongkong, Taiwan, Thailand,
Vietnam, Malaysia, and Pakistan and Bangladesh.
Europe’s share in the imports is about 10%. Among the European countries, important are UK,
Germany, France, Italy, Belgium, Turkey, and Spain. The share of North America, South America and
Other counties is about 10% of total.
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5. Structure of Foreign Trade
5.1 Import Scenario
• Apparel products are Imported in to / exported from India under the following categories:
HS DESCRIPTION
CODE
61 ARTICLES OF APPAREL AND CLOTHING ACCESSORIES, KNITTED OR CORCHETED.
62 ARTICLES OF APPAREL AND CLOTHING ACCESSORIES, NOT KNITTED OR
CROCHETED.
• Consistent and steady growth in imports in the past 3 years.
• Product code 62 constitutes major share of imports.
• Import trend of product code 62 volume has been growing at a CAGR of 20%
• The product code 61 by volume represents lesser share of imports but it has been growing at a
CAGR of whopping 60.3% - unprecedented growth trend.
• Import of product code 62 by value has been growing at a CAGR of 10% while that of product
code 61 by a moderately higher 13% per year.
Import Trend of Apparels into India - Volume ‘000 units.

CATEGORY 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09
(Apr-Dec)
HS CODE : 61 3659 5983 10565 15081
HS CODE : 62 5615 6762 10265 9709
Total 9274 12745 20830 24789
Total Import In To India (HS Code: 61 & 62) : By Volume (‘000 units)
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CAGR: HS CODE: 61 = 60.3%, HS CODE: 62 = 20.0%
Total Import In To India (HS Code: 61 & 62): By Value (million Euros)
CAGR: HS CODE: 61 = 13.0%, HS CODE: 62 = 10.3%
5.2Export Scenario
India’s apparel exports in 2006-07 were of the order of EURO 6.1 billion, accounting for about 46% of
total textile exports from India. Indian apparel exports grew by of 11.7% per year in the past 4 years,
comprising of garments of all hues made of cotton, man-made fiber, silk, wool, Jute and other textile
materials. The exports from India are to more than 100 countries, with EU being the largest single
market accounting for about 43% of India’s apparel exports, while USA is the single largest buyer
(33%) country for Indian apparels. Middle–east constituted 8% and Rest of the World 16% of India’s
exports.
As per the latest figures available with the Ministry of Textiles, India exported textiles worth US$
15.27 billion during April-December, 2008. Exports declined by about 2% in 2008-09 billion due to
slump in demand from global economies like the EU and the US.
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The past two decades have witnessed a significant growth in India’s exports of clothing. The
elimination of quotas on clothing had a positive impact on India’s exports to the countries like US,
EU and Canada. The consumers in these countries were largely benefited because of increased
competition and decline in prices.
Regarding regional suppliers, Asian exporters as a group, have gained market share in the US and EU
both from ATC abolition and with it the weakening of preferences to non-Asian suppliers. However,
individual country effects have varied. Quota abolition has also allowed significant expansion of
production and exports of textiles and clothing in Asia particularly more for China and much less for
India.
Export to US Market
• Over the past few years, there has been a shift in US imports from Central American and South
American countries towards lower-priced Asian suppliers – primarily China but also India,
Indonesia, Bangladesh, Vietnam and Cambodia.
• India’s exports growth to US during 2005- 07 has been driven primarily by cotton products. In
contrast exports of MMF products increased significantly in 2005 but declined in 2006 and
further more sharply in 2007. MMF product exports in particular were affected by the
continuing rupee appreciation which reduced India’s competitiveness.
• The slowdown in US imports of textile and clothing that developed from mid-2007 has
contributed to decline during 2008. During 10-month period of 2008, (January –October), US
imports of textile and clothing declined sharply. Monthly import trends indicate slowdown in US
imports from mid-2007 primarily because of a slowdown in the US economy and consequent
slow down in personal consumption expenditure. The decline has been primarily attributed to
sharp decline in US retail sales of clothing and clothing accessories.
Exports to EU Market
• Overall India has been one of the successful performers among competitive Asian exporters
other than China and Vietnam in increasing the market share steadily during 2004- 07.
• Imports of textile & clothing during 2008 have shown signs of decline. During 8 months of
2008,while EU’s textile imports declined by 7.8% year –on –year basis (YOY) to Euro 36.87
billion, clothing Imports fell by 1.4%(YOY) to Euro 74.56 billion. Some countries, notably China,
India and Bangladesh have managed to increase their market share because of surge in
shipments of knit clothing after quotas were removed from January, 2008.
India’s Clothing Export to EU: by Value
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Clothing Export of Indian to EU for 8 Months During 2008: By Value
Indian Exports to Italy
India’s export to Italy is marked by fluctuating trend.
Indian Export to Italy: by Value (Euro million)
HS CODE 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09

(Apr.-Dec.)
HS CODE : 61 122.10 168.78 155.19 121.96
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HS CODE : 62 143.13 145.09 111.41 83.98

TOTAL 265.23 313.87 266.60 205.94
Indian Export to Italy: by Value (million Euros)
CAGR : 0.26%
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6. Competition
6.1 Characteristics
The market is characterized by:
• Branding and sub-branding

• Offering variety: current trend and variety
• Quality standards—in material, stitching and cuts
• Moving up the value chain- ensuring better returns.
• Export market: sticking to delivery schedules, conforming to quality and Quantity
commitment, ability to interpret fashion changes.
• Highly dynamic market- design changing frequently.
6.2 Product Range, Brand and Category

Category Range Some Brands
Formal Wear Suits, Trousers, Shirts, Jackets Allen Solly, Arrow, Cambridge, Colour Plus,
Blazers, Neckties…... Louis Philippe, Peter England, Park Avenue,
Reid & Taylor, San Frisco, Van Heusen
Casual Wear Shirts, Trousers, Jeans, Tee Lee, Flying Machines, Parx, Weekender,
Shirts Shorts Wear-house, Benetton
Kids wear Shirts, Shorts, Frocks, Skirts, Lee, Ruf ‘n’ Tuf, Wear-house, Weekender
Jeans….
Ladies Wear Skirts, Tops, Salwar Kameez , Nike, Reebok, Vogue, Levi Strauss, Lee,
Sarees Freelook, Black Berry, etc.
Market Highlights
Despite substantial growth, Indian clothing market is still in the early developmental phase. Despite
presence of foreign players, domestic players are not much scared of any competition from outside.
The main impediment to the organized players is the presence of huge unorganized sector. In a
move to compete, organized players have started their own strategy of standardizing the products
Indian ‘women’s wear’ market is largely influenced by international fashion trend. International
companies sell their apparels to retailers owned by international companies or retail through local
franchisees.
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Several fabric manufacturers have now started venturing in to garment production. Major fabric
company Siyaram is a precursor to this trend in India. Madura Garments have entered the apparel
market with successful brands like Van Heusen, Allen Solly, Peter England and Louis Philippe. Textile
leader, Bombay Dyeing also tied up with Proline to enter the sportswear segment, as well as adding
Vivaldi range to its formal menswear. The brand has been targeted towards the young group,
offering a wide range of style with perfect fitting.
Another strategy major textile players are adopting is ‘acquisition’. Raymond's acquired ColorpIus to
jump in casual-wear, adding brands like Raymond’s, Parx and Park Avenue. Using a similar strategy,
Indian Rayon acquired garments division of Madura Coats.
Licensing has also been established as a major business strategy. A number of domestic Indian
brands have become licensees of popular international brands such as Disney, Barbie and Powerful
Girls to market both garments and other products under these brands.
Traditional tailor-made garment is continually being relegated in to the background. More and more
working women look for ‘ready to wear’ dresses. Attitude towards casual wear at the work place is
gradually transforming. Some companies ask their employees to come to office in casual dress for
some days in a week /month. The liberalization of casual wear at the work place is also driving
growth in the share of women’s share in total apparel retailing.
Men’s and women’s wear were traditional established market segments. Kids’ wear retailing was an
offshoot of men’s and women’s apparel. The growing importance of the opinion of children has
propped up demand for kids’ wear brands. With increasing affluence of lesser number of children
per urban couple, urban couples now are not only spending more on their children but are also
seeking quality products, including branded goods for children as well.
6.3 Main Competitors - Market Shares

The market is vast and expanding. Only a few manufacturers have significant market presence.
Market Shares of Leading Players (%)

Manufacturer 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08
Pantaloon Retail (India) 7.25 9.90 14.64
Gokaldas Exports 9.84 8.72 7.28
Arvind 2.07 5.29 5.97
Aditya Birla Nuvo 7.07 6.05 5.96
Orient Craft 7.72 6.06 5.06
Vishal Retail 2.35 3.32 4.52
Bombay Rayon Fashions 0.55 1.71 2.88
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Koutons Retail India 1.82 3.51 2.79

Raymond Apparel 2.32 2.23 2.69
Celebrity Fashions 1.81 2.80 2.28
Rupa & Co. 2.98 2.56 2.14
Indus League Clothing 0.74 0.84 2.14
Pearl Global 1.72 1.53 2.08
SPL Industries (Shivalik Prints) 2.65 1.83 1.88
Lux Industries 2.06 1.44 1.65
Zodiac Clothing Co. 1.88 1.75 1.64
Madura Garments Exports 0.29 1.20 1.51
Page Industries 1.16 1.19 1.40
S E L Manufacturing Co. 1.04 1.18 1.37
Kitex Garments 1.22 1.33 1.28
S Kumar’s Nationwide 0.34 1.09 1.18
Venus Garments (India) 0.93 1.36 1.16
Kewal Kiran Clothing 0.98 1.16 1.15
Maxwell Industries 1.67 1.30 1.12
Colorplus Fashions 1.17 1.06 1.12
Loyal Textile Mills 1.47 1.08 1.05
K P R Mill 1.13 1.02
Nahar Spinning Mills 2.15 1.57 0.94
Provogue (India) 1.04 1.21 0.91
Oswal Woolen Mills 0.88 0.78 0.75
Other 30.83 23.82 18.44
Total 100 100 100
6.4 Competition by Segment
The premium and super-premium segments of the industry are gaining, following a consumer shift
from economy and mid-market segments to the premium segment, while the low and economy
segment is gaining from the industry becoming more organized.
Year : 2007-08
Low 44% 26% 19%
Econom y 21% 36% 26%

Category
Medium 18% 24% 31%
Premium 14% 11% 19%
2%
Super Premium 3 %5%
Page 45 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
MENSWEAR WOMENSWEAR UNISEX APPAREL
___________________________________________________________________________________
6.5 SWOT Analysis

Strengths Weaknesses Threats/ Concerns Opportunities
• Assured raw • Highly fragmented • Rupee fluctuations with • Tremendous boom
material base – industry. Informal respect to US $ and Euro in retailing as a
abundant supply of sector accounts for affects the volume and result of change in
cotton and man- larger part of value of exports as the consumption
made fiber. manufacturing base. price competitiveness of pattern and
• Well-established • Critically dependent Indian exports. private incomes.
production upon cotton. Raw • Rising ecological & Changing life style
infrastructure and cotton prices are highly social awareness among has led to dramatic
production base. fluctuating in India and the consumers in the shifts in the buying
• Large pool of skilled impact the west may impact pattern in favor of
and cheap work manufacturing industry sourcing from India. The ‘ready to wear’.
force, adding to the adversely. western countries Several large
competitive edge of • Superior varieties of conform to certain foreign players
the industry in the cotton fabrics are guidelines of ILO in have been retailing
International arena. regularly imported in to regard to certain branded products
• Excellent design India for premium sensitive Issues such as in India for years.
capability of Indian quality garments. deployment of child • Elimination of
designers. • Technological labor, unhealthy Quota Restriction,
• A paradigm shift obsolescence adversely working environment of according to FICCI
from commodity- affects major part of the labor etc when it comes research, has
based trading to organized sector in to sourcing of products. helped India
high value-added terms of productivity • Domestic industry facing expand its global
fashion garments. and in the entire value increasing competition market further
• Vertical integration chain. from low cost countries since 2005.
& horizontal • Infrastructural is likely move towards • Indian market is
consolidation of bottlenecks such as loss consolidation of local gradually shifting
production process of transportation time & players. towards branded
leading to lowering transaction time at • Regional trade blocks products.
of manufacturing ports, land borders play a significant role in • Indian retailing
• Production adversely affecting the the global trade with industry, now at its
flexibility of the competitiveness of member countries nascent stage has
manufacturers exporters. enjoying lower tariffs. exploited not more
contributes to • Imports of cheap Export prospects of than 15 to 20% of
improvement in textiles from other India, not being a sales potential due
productivity. Asian neighbors such as member of regional to retail boom.
• An expanding and China, Bangladesh etc trade block, may be • Good prospect for
lucrative market are eroding the adversely jeopardized. more foreign
competitiveness of investment in view
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Strengths Weaknesses Threats/ Concerns Opportunities

boon to competitiveness of • The US & EU investment in view
International domestic governments discourage of the increasing
manufacturers and manufacturers. imports from countries market presence of
retailers • Increase in power tariff, that use polluting dyes international
encouraging them indirect tax and interest and environment giants.
to invest and set-up rate has contributed to damaging Government’s
manufacturing base. increase in production manufacturing favorable foreign
• Government cost. India is becoming practices. This has investment policy is
support to less and less resulted in putting expected to work
increasingly competitive with pressure on buyers to as a catalyst to
diversify and further respect to Asian limit their sourcing from garner more direct
exports. counterparts escalating developing countries. as well as foreign
over the years. • Increased global institutional
• Lack of standardization competition in the post investment.
and quality control of 2005 trade regime
Indian garments have under WTO.
resulted in large scale
rejections of products in
the export market.
6.6 Growth Prospects
- Tremendous boom in retailing is expected to cause a significant change in the consumption

patterns of private incomes. The growth will result in qualitative shifts in domestic buying
patterns and life styles of consumers in India. Changing life style has also led to a rapid increase
in the ‘ready –to-wear’ market’. Several foreign players have been retailing branded apparels in
India for a number of years.
- Indian textile industry has attracted increasing foreign investment over the years. FDI has more
than quadrupled from US$ 43 billion in 2003-04 to US$ 19.5 billion in 2006-07. Inflow of foreign
investment has inspired other international players to start more production ventures.
- Growth trend of the industry has been aided and sustained by the strong services sector. The
country’s performance on the macro-economic parameters has been impressive in the past 4
years. Despite temporary setback in the past few months, the economy is back on the road to
recovery. The adverse impact of western financial melt-down on the domestic industry has not
been acutely felt. Indian export sector, however, continues to reel under depression. Its impact
is much less perceived in India than majority of exporting countries to the west.
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7. Potential for European Companies in India
Apparel manufacturing activities in the European Union have been tapering off for some time due to
escalating costs of labor and other key inputs, as well as hardening of currency. The situation has
further intensified in the years post WTO. Dismantling of the quota regime has further sharpened
global competition in the apparel industry. Many manufacturers have been forced to close down
their manufacturing plants. The apparel industry in EU has witnessed major decline in production,
export and employment. Some of the manufacturers have started relocating their plants to remain
in business.
The abolition of quota has radically transformed the center of gravity of global apparel
manufacturing activities from the developed to the developing countries. India has of late emerged
as a major force to reckon with.
7.1 Volumes and changes in the market for European textile clothing
and Apparel
European Union has a traditional bilateral trade relationship with India for many decades. Many
multinational corporations have been operating from India. EU textile and apparel companies have
considerable investments in India. European apparel manufacturing companies in recent years had
considerably diverted their exports from the USA to India as a matter of compulsion. Massive
imports of apparel in to India from EU had started pouring in the past few years. Since the financial
meltdown gripped EU in 2008, EU companies have now started looking at India for relocating their
plants and using India’s developed textile infrastructure as a base for third country exports.
Growth of Imports from EU
European apparels have been well received in Indian market. This has been corroborated by import
data available from the Ministry of Commerce, Government of India. Import of European apparels
has registered an appreciable rise from 1.03 million units in 2005-06 to 2.58 million units in 2007-08
at a high CAGR of 58%. Import of European apparels has more than doubled from 10 million Euro in
2005-06 to 22 million Euro at a CAGR of 48% within a short span of 3 Years. For European apparel
manufacturers, Indian market works as a savior since their own market is saddled with deep
depression and products do not sell. US market does not offer any short or medium term safeguard
for the same reason.
Import Scenario: Apparel Imports from EU – by Volume (‘000 units)
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CAGR: 58%
Import Scenario: Apparel Imports from EU – by Value (million Euros)
CAGR: 48%
Share of Imports
• Apparel import from EU comprises of medium and premium quality products.

• Import accounts for about 11 to 12% by volume of total apparel imports and this percentage has
remained at this level in the past 3 years.
• Unit value realization of EU import of apparel has been on the higher side because of its superior
quality. EU import constituted about 25% of total apparel imports by value in 2005-06. Its share
increased further to 30% in 2007-08. The trend seems to suggest that the quality of Indian
consumers is also improving and its base increasing.
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EU Share of Import of Apparels: By Value
Indian tastes, preferences and aptitudes are going through a process of qualitative transformation.
People in the upper income strata have become increasingly fashion conscious. Like their
counterparts in the developed world, rich urban households spend fabulously and dress well. This
observation may be substantiated from the import data which suggests steep rise in the import
trend of apparels from Italy.
Import of apparels has shown a consistent rising trend from 0.22 million units in 2005-06 to 0.39
million units in 2006-07 and further to 0.49 million units in 2007-08 at a CAGR of 47%. Import trend
of apparels by value has also pointed to a rising trend. Import has escalated marginally from Euro 4
million in 2005-06 to marginally high Euro 5 million in 2006-07 and then shot up to a high of Euro 8
million in 2007-08.
7.2 Main European producers present in India
Several European players belong to multinational corporations and have been operating in India as
JV partners or operate in India on the basis of franchisee or licensing arrangements:
Major players include:
• Benetton
• Adidas
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• Puma
• Zara
• Oxford
• Esprit
• Dewitte
• Marzotton
• John Player
• Mango
Company Brands Entry Current History

Strategy operating
Structure
Benetton United Licensed Subsidiary Entered in India through a licensee(Dalmia), then
Colors of UCB transitioned in 91-92 to a 50:50 JV with DCM for
Benetton, product distribution & franchising; formed
Sisley subsidiary in 2004; Sisley launched by trent under
a franchise agreement
Adidas Adidas JV(Majority)
Puma AG Puma Licensed Subsidiary Earlier licensing agreement with planet sports in
2002 which ended in 2005
Esprit Esprit Exclusive distribution, marketing & retailing
rights with Madura garments
Mango Mango Franchisee/
distribution
Product positioning
European apparels are positioned in the premium and super-premium segments. The products are
targeted to the affluent sections of Indian population especially towards the younger generation, for
whom overall quality is the main focus. Besides, the quality of fabric, color combination, design,
style, fashion, fitness and cuts are all important considerations..
Italian products are considered the most fashionable and prices charged are one of the highest.
Recent Foreign Collaborations

Several Indian textile companies have formed alliances with their global counterparts, particularly
those with strong front-end capabilities, in a bid to access global markets, tap technological know-
how, design skills and branding and retailing ability. The alliances have been struck in most cases by
way of JVs or stake acquisition. Tie-up with overseas companies help them move up the value chain
and focus on the more lucrative branding and retailing business.
Leading Collaborations in Indian Apparel Industry
Indian Overseas entity Profile of overseas entity Nature of alliance

company
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Raymond UCO NV, Belgium Market leader in high-end denim in JV (50:50)

Europe
Gruppo Zambaiti, Amongst Italy's top 3 high fashion cotton JV (50:50)
Italy textile companies
Lanificio Fedora, Largest producer of carded woolen JV (50:50)
Italy fabrics in the world
Arvind Mills VF Corporation VF Corp owns popular denim and apparel JV (40% stake of
brands including Arvind)
Lee, Wrangler, Vanity Fair, Nautica,
JanSports and Kipling
Welspun Christy, UK UK's largest towel brand Acquisition (85%
India stake)
Alok Teviz, Portugal Manufacturer of high end shirting fabric JV
Industries
7.3 Indian buyers / consumers of European products
Consumer Preference for European Products

Earlier majority of purchase decisions were taken by the elder generation in the age-group of above
50. The elderly generation had traditional mind-set. Decisions were guided by ‘value for money’.
Now demographic factors have tilted in favor of the younger generations who are empowered to
take major purchase decisions. This generation spends well and dresses well. With money power
supporting their choices, these classes of consumers have focus on exclusive products in terms of
latest trendy fashions and go for branded products.
While shopping, majority of consumers, however, look for the following attributes:
• Comfort
• Fit
• Aesthetic Designs
• Durability
• Colors
• Price
• Quality
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8. Regulatory Framework and Legislations
8.1 Sector specific Regulations
The Ministry of Textiles has taken pro-active role to rejuvenate the textile industry. It is now working
more as a facilitator.
Policy Initiatives
• 100 per cent FDI allowed through the automatic route.

• De-reservation of readymade garments, hosiery and knitwear from the small-scale
industries (SSI) sector since end-2000.
• The Government is also working on ‘Advance Authorization Scheme’ and ‘Duty Exemption
Pass Book’ to boost export in the textile and apparel sector.
Reform Measures
• Technology Up gradation Fund Scheme (TUFS) which was launched to facilitate the
modernization and up gradation of the textiles industry in 1999 has been given further
extension till 2011-12.
• The Government of India has introduced a package of measures to help the organized sector
mills to restructure and lessen their accumulated debts. The Ministry of Textiles has taken
the measure to issue ‘letter of comfort’ that would enable the mills to obtain loans from
banks and financial institutions. The Government has made further investment of Euro 7.8
million towards purchase of improved machinery and Euro 0.06 billion as adjustment
assistance to reduce labor surplus.
• The Government has formulated ‘Handloom Reservation Order’ to revamp the sector. The
Order specifies that 11 textile products must be manufactured by the handloom industry.
• The Cotton Corporation India (CCI) constantly monitors the price movement of raw cotton.
It extends price support as and when the price falls below ‘Minimum Price Support’. The
Government reimburses CCI for any losses incurred.
• In current times of a global meltdown, the government has come out with an economic
stimulus package for the textile industry. This includes (i) Additional allocation of Euro 201.6
million to clear the entire backlog in the TUF Scheme, which would enhance cash flow of the
exporters. (2) Extension of interest rate subvention of 2 per cent on pre and post shipment
credit (3) Additional fund of Euro 158.4 million for refund of terminal excise duty.
• The Government also proposes ‘Integrated Textile Parts Scheme, 2005 which combines
‘Apparel Park of Export Scheme’ and the ‘Textile Centre Infrastructure Scheme’ to promote
textile clusters and infrastructure facilities.
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Tariff Concession
• On the import front, the Government of India has reduced tariffs on textile machinery &
equipment. It has identified 287 textile machinery items which will have a basic custom duty
of 5%.
Export Fiscal Incentives and Concessions
India offers an attractive scheme of incentives on exports, especially through its Export Oriented
Unit (EOU) Schemes. By definition, export oriented units are required to export all their production
(less rejects and wastage), attaining a minimum specified level of net foreign exchange earnings
from their operations.
The most important provisions concerning EOUs are as follows:
• All capital goods, raw materials and consumables are allowed to be imported free of duties, and
all locally procured supplies are exempt from sales tax and excise duties
• Sales in the domestic market attract a lower customs duty: that is half the normal tariffs
applying to imports.
• Profits of an export oriented unit are fully exempt from income tax until April 2010, including
profits on domestic sales upto 25% of the production.
Environmental Clearances
Entrepreneurs are required to obtain Statutory clearances, relating to Pollution Control and
Environment as necessary, for setting up an industrial project for 31 categories of industries in terms
of Notification S.O. 60(E) dated 27.1.94 as amended from time to time, issued by the Ministry of
Environment and Forests under The Environment (Protection) Act 1986.
Setting up industries in certain locations considered ecologically fragile (e.g. hill areas) are guided by
separate guidelines issues by the Ministry of Environment and Forests.
8.2 Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) Policy
The essential provisions of foreign investment related approvals/ procedures and options for
business structure are summarized below. For more details please refer the Government of India’s
official website http://dipp.nic.in/.
• In most sectors/activities, foreign direct investment up to 100% is allowed through the

automatic route, subject to sector rules / regulations as applicable.
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• Foreign investment in any small-scale undertaking requires prior approval of the Government of
India and is not automatic. Investment in any small scale enterprise (SSI unit1) by non-SSI
undertakings, other SSI undertakings and even foreign investors, is restricted to 24% of the
equity.
• All foreign investments are fully repatriable for both profit as well as principal values, subject to
payment of applicable Indian taxes and obtaining due clearances from the Reserve Bank of India.
• Foreign investment is prohibited in
o Retail Trade (except Single Brand product retailing, for which 51% FDI is permitted);
o Lottery business;
o Gambling and betting; and
o Atomic Energy
• All Activities/ Sectors require prior Government approval for FDI in the following circumstances:
o Where applications are from entities already having an existing previous joint
venture/technology transfer/royalty agreement in the same field in India;
o Where more than 24% foreign equity is proposed for manufacture of items reserved for
the Small Scale sector.
• Franchising
Govt. of India is reviewing the policy on franchisee arrangements between Indian companies and
overseas partners. Numerous international brands are present in India through the franchise
route and more are also expected soon. However, the review of this policy with a view to
prevent foreign retail companies entering the Indian market through franchisee route
circumventing the FDI restrictions, has resulted in several ventures being put on hold or being
modified, the most high profile example being that of Walmart’s entry into through a joint
venture with Bharti group.
• Foreign Technology Agreements

Foreign technology agreements are allowed in all industrial sectors. The approval is automatic
for agreements involving Lump sum fee not exceeding US $ 2 million, and royalties up to 5% on
domestic sales and up to 10% on export sales.
For agreements where no technology transfer is envisaged, payment of marketing royalties- for
use of brand name/ licence- up to 1% of sales is also allowed under the automatic route.
• Hiring of Foreign Technicians

No prior approval is necessary for engaging foreign technicians / experts on short-term basis,
subject to guidelines relating to duration of engagement (max 12 man-months in a calendar
year) and fee rates (not exceeding US$ 1000 per day, subject to a ceiling of US$ 200,000 in a
calendar year).
8.3 Business Structure Options
1
Small Scale industrial unit – defined as one where investment in plant & machinery is less than Rs. 5 million
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A foreign company can set up operations in India by incorporating a company under the Companies
Act, 1956, through setting up a private or a public company with limited liability, which can be either
Joint Ventures; or Wholly Owned Subsidiaries. A private limited structure gives the most
flexibility and involves fewer statutory requirements.
For registration and incorporation, an application has to be filed with Registrar of Companies (ROC).
Once a company has been duly registered and incorporated as an Indian company, it is subject to
Indian laws and regulations as applicable to other domestic Indian companies.
Foreign Companies can also set up their offices through unincorporated entities, which can
undertake only the permitted business activities, namely
− Liaison Office/Representative Office acts as a channel of communication between the
foreign company and the entities in India and collection of information about possible
market opportunities. Liaison office can not undertake any commercial activity directly or
indirectly and cannot, therefore, earn any income in India.
− Project Office is a temporary office in India for executing specific projects. Such offices can
not undertake or carry on any activity other than the activity relating to execution of the
project.
− Branch Office is allowed for trading, professional or consultancy services, research,
promoting collaborations with Indian companies, representation as buying/selling agents in
India etc. A branch office is not allowed to carry out manufacturing but is permitted to
subcontract these to an Indian manufacturer.
−
Illustrative Business Costs
Euros Basis
Incorporation Costs 5000 - 6000 One time
Office rentals 250 to 300 per sq m 6 months advance (Interest free
per month deposit)
3 year lease
Interiors 250 – 300 per sq m
Work spaces 300 - 400 per seat
Residential Apartment rentals 50 per sq m per month 6 months advance (Interest free
unfurnished, bare walls deposit)
3 year lease
Industrial land 30 - 60 per sq m Buy / 33 yr lease
Staff, junior management salary 150 - 500 per month add 25% benefits
Middle management 1000 – 2500 per month Performance based

Top management 3000 +/ month Performance based
Vehicle lease (Toyota Corolla) 450 per month 15% advance
5 year lease
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8.4 Practical aspects of doing Business in India
As per a World Bank study, covering 181 economies, India’s ranking has improved marginally in
2009, on various indicators of attractiveness as a business destination. However, in absolute terms
the ranking remains quite low. Significantly, India is ranked a respectable 33 on the parameter of
protecting the interest of the investors.
Ease of…… in INDIA. 2008 Rank 2009 Change in Rank

Rank
Doing business 122 120 -2
Starting a business 121 114 -7
Dealing with construction permits 136 131 -5
Employing workers 89 89 0
Registering property 105 114 9
Getting credit 28 25 -3
Protecting investors 38 33 -5
Paying taxes 169 167 -2
Trading across borders 90 81 -9
Enforcing contracts 180 180 0

Closing a business 140 140 0
However, Italian companies planning to enter Indian market need to consider carefully the ‘need’ for
a local partner. In most activities, the government regulations allow a 100% foreign ownership.
Therefore a Country Manager may serve the purpose instead of having an Indian investor partner.
However, if a local partner is preferred, a due diligence review must be carried out, before finalizing
the tie-up.
Foreign entities can build in sufficient safeguards to protect their legitimate business interests in
joint ventures. Some important issues arising in management control of joint ventures are explained
below:
− All verbal understandings must be formalized in writing, even for confidential agreements.
− Ensure a provision for right to exit from a contract and clear procedures and triggers for
termination and dispute resolution
− All intellectual property must remain the exclusive domain of the originator and only
licensed to the joint venture / local agent.
8.5 Investing in Existing India Companies

Foreign companies planning to invest in existing Indian companies can do so under the general
permission of RBI under Foreign Exchange Management Act (FEMA). The companies are required to
notify the concerned Regional Office of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) within 30 days of
remittances, and within 30 days of issue of shares to the foreign investors.
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Indian companies having foreign investment approval through FIPB route do not require any further
clearance from RBI for receiving inward remittance and issue of shares to the foreign investors.
8.6 Taxes and Tariffs

Taxes & Tariffs
Tax on Business Income 34%
Capital Gains Tax 10.5% - 34%
Dividend Tax 14.4%
Minimum Alternate Tax 11.5%
Withholding Taxes (On knowhow, royalty …) 21%
Service Tax 10.3%
Import duty (average) ** 24.42%
Excise Duty 8%
Sales Tax / VAT (this is a turnover tax 4 - 12.5%
applying on sales, and varies state to state)
** For some cotton articles only basic import duty is charged at a fixed rate of 10%. In some cases,
the import tariff is charged as a fixed amount per piece rather than as a %age of CIF value. For
example Men’s Shirt’s, Knitted or Crocheted of silk – carries a basic duty of 10% or Rs 90 per piece,
whichever is higher.
8.7 Protection of Intellectual Property (trademarks, patents, etc.)

In the past, India’s intellectual property rights regime was a cause for concern to several
international investors, marked by infringements of international trademarks and patents under
India’s domestic laws on these subjects. However, there is now a well-established statutory,
administrative and judicial framework to safeguard intellectual property rights in India, whether
they relate to patents, trademarks, copyright or industrial designs.
Well-known international trademarks are protected in India even when they are not registered in
India. The Indian Trademarks Law has been extended through court decisions to service marks in
addition to trade marks for goods.
• Indian Patents Act, 1970 / 2002 / 2004

The Indian Patents Act, 1970, contains the law governing patents. The Act has been amended by the
Patents Act, 2002 to meet with the second set of obligations (Term of Patent etc.). This amendment,
which provides for 20 years term for the patent, Reversal of burden of proof etc. came into force on
20th May, 2003. The Third Amendment of the Patents Act 1970, by way of the Patents (Amendment)
Ordinance 2004 came into force on 1st January, 2005 incorporating the provisions for granting
product patent in all fields of Technology including chemicals, food, drugs & agrochemicals and this
Ordinance is replaced by the Patents (Amendment) Act 2005 which is in force now having effect
from 1-1-2005 .
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Once the patent application is filed, it goes through a process of scrutiny and publication (made
open for public inspection). Any person can file an opposition to grant of patent after the application
has been published and within a period twelve months after the grant of a patent. If the application
satisfies all the requirements of the Patent Act, the patent is granted, and published in the official
gazette. Every granted patent is valid throughout India, and gives the patent holder the exclusive
right to make, use, sell, offer for sale and import the product or use the process. However, the
government can make use of the patent for its own purposes or for distributing an invention relating
to medicine to hospitals and dispensaries. Furthermore, any person can make use of the patent for
experiment or education.
A patent holder may assign the whole or any part of the patent rights for the whole of India or any
part thereof. A patent holder may also, by a license, permit others to make, use, or exercise, the
invention which otherwise would not be allowed.
Infringement of a patent is the violation of the exclusive rights of the patentee. Determination of
infringement depends on the scope of exclusive rights of the patentee, whether the infringer’s acts
amount to making, using, selling or distributing a product or using a method and if in fact the acts
amount to an infringement. The burden of proof is on the patent owner for proving infringement.
• Trade Mark Act
Trade Marks Act, 1999 seeks to provide for the registration of trademarks relating to goods and
services in India. The rights granted under the Act, are operative in the whole of India. The term of a
trademark registration is for a period of ten years but may be renewed from time to time in the
prescribed manner and on payment of the prescribed fee. A common ground for refusal is likelihood
of confusion between the applicant's mark with registered mark or pending prior mark.
• Design Act
The essential purpose of design law is to promote and protect the design element of industrial
production. The existing legislation on industrial designs in India is contained in the New Designs Act,
aligned with the changed technical and commercial scenario and made to conform to international
trends in design administration.
The registration of a design confers on its proprietor, copyright in the design for 10 years from the
date of registration, extendable for another five years. However, it must be stated here that inspite
of the well established legal framework for protection of intellectual property in India, the
implementation and enforcement of these provisions still need substantial improvement.
9. Marketing and Distribution Structure
9.1 Trade channels
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There is a commonality of approach adopted by manufacturers / importers for marketing their

wares. Large manufacturers maintain an exhaustive marketing set-up at an all India level to reach
maximum geographical spread and service customer requirements through various mechanisms.
Major functions of the marketing department include:
• Organizing sales promotion measures through interface with potential / existing customers
• Production of company literature, brochures, related ad materials
• Organizing marketing campaign – domestic & overseas market
• Appointment of dealership net-work & servicing the requirements of distribution network.
Structure of Marketing Department
The structure of marketing department varies with size and scale of operations, as well as the
product range of individual companies. There is no uniform hierarchy in the marketing department.
However the typical commonly used structure is as under:
Brand Manager (Retail)
Sales Business Development Marketing
Dy. Manager
Outside Agencies
Sales Network
The products are mostly sold through a variety of cannels. These include
• Sales through exclusive company owned retail outlets. One of the major players using this
channel as a major route is Arvind Mills Ltd, Color Plus, (Raymond Ltd). Increasing use of
retail space in various malls for showcasing products and maximizing sales.
• Outright sales to retailers. Majority of the players are using this channel. Prominent among
them are Louis Philippe, Aditya Birla Group.
• Operating through franchisee arrangement. Foreign players without any joint venture
collaboration or technology tie-up in India prefer this route. Major advantage of this system
is that one need not make substantial investment for popularizing the brand. The main onus
for development of the market lies with the franchisees. If the product does not sell well or
there is a danger to brand reputation, the franchise agreements are terminated. This is a
cost effective measure.
Distribution Network
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More than 60% of products in the domestic market are sold through distribution network. Most
extensively used and popular network is presented as under:
Distribution Network
Own Outlets Stockist
Distributor
Retailer
Major strategy of the manufacturers is creation of widest distribution network for reaching out to
maximum customers across the country. In view of the expanding market demand, the
manufacturers are streamlining and revamping their distribution net-work across various cities,
hitherto untapped.
9.2 Key trends in the Retail sector
Domestic consumption market in India is estimated to grow approximately 7 to 8% with retail

accounting for 60% of the overall segment. Of this organized retail is just 5-6%, which is
comparatively lower than other countries with emerging economies. In developed countries
organized retailing is the established way of selling consumer products. Despite the low percentage,
Indian textile industry has grown noticeably in organized retailing of textile products. The negative
phase in exports may have compelled the Indian textile retailers to explore the opportunities in the
domestic market substantially causing the outstanding growth in the concerned segment. These
indications give a positive notion that organized retailing has arrived in the Indian market and is here
to stay. It is expected to grow at 25-30 per cent annually and would triple in size from Euro 54.7
billion in 2004-05 to Euro 170.3 billion by 2010.
India is on the radar of the global retailers seeking entry into the Indian retail market. The market is
growing at a steady rate and accounts for around 10 percent of the country GDP. The inherent
attractiveness of this segment lures retail giants and investments are likely to sky rocket with an
estimate of Euro 0.31 – 0.39 billion in the next 2-3 years, and over Euro 3.13 billion by end of 2010.
Indian retail market is considered to be the second largest in the world in terms of growth potential.
A vast majority of India's young population favors branded garments. With the influence of
electronic media, urban consumer trends have spread across the rural areas also. The shopping
spree of the young Indians for clothing, favorable income demographics, increasing population of
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young people joining the workforce with considerably higher disposable income, has unleashed new
possibilities for retail growth even in the rural areas. Thus, 85% of the retail boom which was
focused only in the metros has started to infiltrate towards smaller cities and towns. Tier-II cities are
already receiving focused attention of retailers and the other smaller towns and even villages are
likely to join in the coming years. This is a positive trend, and the contribution of these tier-II cities to
total organized retailing sales is expected to grow to 20-25%.
Market Reach of Key Players
Players Brand No. of Retail outlets Retail outlets by city

2005-06 2006-07 2005-06 2006-07
Raymond Limited Raymond Shop 332 380 167 174
Kouton’s Retail India Ltd. - Kouton’s 206 500 NA 221
- Charlie outlaw
Pepe Pepe 58 NA 27 NA
Aditya Birla Navo Ltd. Peter England 21 22 12 NA
Arvind Brands Ltd. Lee 53 71 NA 71
Provogue India Ltd. Provogue 75 100 24 27
Madura Garments Ltd. Allen Solly 24 NA 16 NA
Levi Strass India Pvt. Ltd. Levi’s 65 115 NA 29
Personality Ltd. Weekender 50 60 NA 25
ITC Group Wills Life Style 40 55 NA 30
Arvind Brands Ltd. Wrangler NA 35 NA 23
Gini & Jony Pvt. Ltd. Jini & Jony 29 NA 15 NA
TCNS Clothing Pvt. Ltd. W 28 26 NA 64
Madura Garments Ltd. Van Heusen 22 25 16 NA
Span Clothing Pvt. Ltd. Spankar 30 50 15 28
Madura Garments Ltd. S F Jeans 15 15 12 NA
Kewal Kiran Enterprise Killer 35 NA 25 NA
Arvind Morjni Brand Pvt. Ltd. Tommy HilFiger NA 9 NA 7
Celebrity Fashion Ltd. Indian Terrain 5 7 NA 7
9.3 Trade Margins and Commercial terms
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Terms of Credit
Extension of credit forms a major part of trade practice. Provision of credit as a structured trade
practice is extensively prevalent in the lower priced product categories – lower, economy and mid
segment.
Minimum : 30 days credit
Maximum : 45 days credit
Extending credit facility to dealership network for premium and super-premium products has not
been standardized as yet. The terms of payment depend on the durable business relationship
between the manufacturer and the trading partners.
Trade Margins
The margin keeps on changing in accordance with business swing. Margins as prevalent at each
stage in the entire chain are presented as under:
Domestic segment Import segment
Margin for Distributor Margin for Importing Companies / Foreign

Companies (Between 10* - 12**%)
(Between 2* - 3**%)
Margin for Dealer / Wholesaler

Margin Agent
(Between 5* - 7**%)
(Between 6* - 7**%)
Margin for Retailer
(Between 12* - 25**%)

Margin for Retailer
(Between 29* - 31**%)
MRP
Note: * Fast moving products
** Slow moving products
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10. Opportunities for Italian companies to enter the

Indian market
10.1 Positive Experiences / Perceptions about Italian Products

As mentioned in the previous sections, Italy has been one of the key counties from where fashion
clothing and garment products and raw materials are sourced in India. Many major companies in
India have business tie-up with the Italian companies and they are involved in production and
marketing of their products in India.
A large number of Italian companies and brands have a presence in India and are therefore known to
Indian manufacturers, retailers and users. During the primary survey conducted for the purpose of
this study, the manufacturing companies, importers and retailers were asked about their
experiences and perceptions about the Italian products. They were asked to rate the Italian textile
clothing and garments on some key criteria, and the results are presented below:
Experiences / Perceptions about Italian products vis a vis Indian products
Parameter Qualitative/Comparative Rating

Manufacturers Distributors / Importers Retailers
Performance 1.95 1.50 2.33
Durability 2.42 1.83 2.17
After Sales Service 2.29 2.00 2.50
Price 2.08 2.33 2.29
Rating Index: 1 – Much better; 2 – Better; 3 – Comparable; 4 - Worse
10.2 Increasing trend in Imports from Italy
Raw Material and Semi-Processed Fabrics

As far as the raw materials are concerned, the share of Italy in the total imports in 2007-08 has been
about 2.5% of total. But it has sizeable share of more than 26% in the total imports from Europe.
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Share of Italy and Europe - Imports of raw material and semi-processed fabric in 2007-08
The share of Italy in total import from Europe has actually been fluctuating. In 2006-07, it was 45%,
where as in 2005-06, it was 31%. The Italian share in the natural fibres – raw, yarn and fabric has
been substantial but it is actually falling over last 3 years.
The share of man-made yarn and fabric, on the other hand is increasing, but has not been able to
compensate for the decrease in the market share due to natural fibres and fabric. The import of
special woven fabrics, tufted textile fabrics, lace, tapestries, trimming and embroidery has been
increasing from Italy.
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The major competitors of Italy from Europe which are exporting yarn and semi fabric into India are
Germany, UK, Spain, Belgium and France. Among the imports into India, there has been few
commodities where the share of Italy among the global imports has been substantial has been
tabulated below. The Asian countries, especially from East Asia and South Asia are the main
competitors of Italy in these commodities. China, Korea, Japan, Thailand, Malaysia, Pakistan, and
Bangladesh are notable.
Imports of Fabric from Italy relative to the Largest Player
HS Code Commodity US $ million in 2007-08
Total Italy’s Largest

Imports Share Player *
HS 5111 Woven Fabrics of Carded Wool or Of Carded 28.54 3.24 13.26

Fine Animal Hair
HS 5112 Woven Fabrics of Combed Wool/Fine 12.88 5.63 2.26

Animal Hair
HS 5208 Woven Fabrics Of Cotton Counting>=85% By 153.87 10.54 96.09

Wt of Cotton Weighing not more than 200
G/M2
HS 5209 Woven Fabrics of Cotton, Counting >=85% 106.19 10.15 35.31

Cotton by weight, Weighing >200 GSM
HS 5211 Woven Fabrics of Cotton, Counting <85% 5.18 0.52 2.21

Cotton, mixed mainly with man-made fibres
weighing > 200 G/M2
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HS 5212 Other woven fabrics of Cotton 7.93 0.89 4.31
HS 5408 Woven fabrics of artificial filament yarn, 5.76 0.25 2.99

including fabrics obtained from Materials of
Heading No.5405
HS 5515 Other Woven fabrics of Synthetic staple 21.93 0.98 8.54

fibres
HS 5801 Woven Pile Fabrics & Chenille fabrics other 13.38 0.18 10.15
than fabrics of Heading No.5802 Or 5806
HS 5806 Narrow Woven Fabrics except Goods of 36.3 1.37 10.48

Heading 5807 narrow fabrics consisting of
Warp without weft assembled by means of
an Adhesive
HS 5807 Labels badges & similar articles of textile 20.78 0.48 14.73
materials in Pieces/Strips/Cut to Shape/Size
not Embroidered
Total 412.74 34.23 200.33
* It is China except in HS 5807, where Hongkong is the largest player
Source: DGFT, India
Imports of Yarn from Italy relative to the Largest Player
HS Code Commodity US $ million in 2007-08

Total Italy’s Largest
Imports Share Player
5106 Yarn of Carded Wool not put up for retail 2.99 1.17 Indonesia:
sale 0.60
5107 Yarn of Combed wool not put up for retail 2.73 0.29 China: 1.94
sale
5108 Yarn of fine animal hair (Carded/Combed) 0.59 0.14 China: 0.38
not put up for retail sale.
5109 Yarn of wool or fine animal hair, put up for 0.75 0.14 New Zealand:
retail sale 0.41
5205 Cotton yarn (other than swing thread) 14.29 0.38 Pakistan: 8.80
counting 85% of more by weight of more by
weight of cotton not put up for retail sale
5510 Yarn (other than sewing thread) of articles 5.37 0.43 Nepal: 2.28
staple fibres not put up for retail sale
Total 26.72 2.55
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Source: DGFT, India
Import of Finished Products

Imports of apparel products into India from Italy have been witnessing a sustained increase over the
past few years, both in absolute terms as well as in terms of share of total imports into India from
European Union.
Italy enjoys the numero uno position within EU, in exports to India. Import share from Italy works as
a barometer that measures the quality level of consumers in the exporting country. Italy’s import as
percentage share of EU’s overall imports in to India by volume has increased in the first two years
but declined in 2007-08. This decline perhaps occurred due to economic meltdown which has
adversely affected the production infrastructure of textile industry in general. In contrast, Italy
contributed much higher share to the overall imports in to India. Its share in EU’s import veered
around 37 to 38% by value in the past 3 years.
The products imported show a steady growth from 3.74 million euro in 2005-06 to 4.99 million euro
in 2006-07 and further to 8.10 million euro in 2007-08. The products imported during the past 10
months (April-December 2008-09) has already outperformed the preceding year.
Import into India from Italy: By Value - Euro Million
HS CODE 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09

(Apr.-Dec.)
61 0.74 1.11 1.73 1.61
62 2.99 3.88 6.37 7.33
TOTAL 3.74 4.99 8.10 8.95
Note: 1 Euro = 64 Indian Rupees
Import into India from Italy: By Value (million Euros)
CAGR: 33.8%
Italy’s share in Import of Apparels from EU: By volume
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Italy’s share in Import of Apparels from EU: By value
10.3 Demand for Italian products
There is no denying the fact that Indian apparel industry has made rapid strides in recent years.
However, even now the growth of the industry mostly revolves around volume. Indian garment
industry is saturated with low and medium quality products. It lags far behind in terms of quality
especially from the point of view of international standard.
Indian fashion industry faces a huge gap especially for high fashion at affordable prices. Here
European apparels in general and Italian products have a major role fill up the pent –up consumer
demand.
10.4 Market opportunities
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While doing apparel business in India, European manufacturers rely on the intrinsic strengths of:
• Large and growing domestic market

• Provides opportunities for competitive advantage (low cost sourcing of products and services;
exceptional quality; intellectual skills; etc).
• Many see India as key to their long-term global growth and competitive advantage.
The domestic market opportunity
While 50% of the India’s population was classified in the low-income bracket in 1994-95, this
percentage is rapidly declining accounting for about 17.8% of the population by 2006-07. At the
same time, there is a rapid shift from the low-middle classes to the burgeoning middle class, and an
even faster increase in the sizes of the high and upper middle class, fuelling growth in the economy.
Equally more pronounced is the growth of a niche ‘super-rich’ class, now estimated to comprise of
over 100,000 households with net worth of >$1 million each.
Based on the assessment of opportunities in the Indian textile apparels and clothing sector, it is
reasonable to infer that the opportunities for Italian companies in India are mainly in the nature of:
− Franchise / Licensing agreements with manufacturers/importers in India for marketing of
products in India, with the Indian partners being responsible for market promotion, brand
building, distribution and retailing in India. Besides, the Indian partner should also take care
of compliances with Indian regulatory requirements.
− Joint Venture / technology tie ups with Indian manufacturers for production in India for
supply in the domestic as well as overseas markets, under the Italian brands.
− Establishment of manufacturing facilities in India – either as a Joint venture or as a 100%
owned subsidiary (Greenfield investment or acquisition). Such units could also be set up
under the 100% EOU scheme which offers significant benefits such as import duty
exemption on plant & machinery etc., as elaborated in an earlier section of this report.
− Supply of raw materials and semi-finished fabrics to Indian manufacturers / retailers.
− Sourcing tie-ups for sales in Europe and other overseas markets
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What is the objective and scope of the report?

What is the objective and scope of the report?

What are the key characteristics of the Indian textile market?

What are the key characteristics of the Indian textile market?

The Textile Apparel & Clothing Industry

Market Research 2009

Textile Clothing & Apparels

Italian Trade Commission,

ACE GLOBAL PRIVATE LIMITED

3. Consumer Behavior and Preferences ........................................................................... 12

4. Production in India ...................................................................................................... 17

5. Structure of Foreign Trade........................................................................................... 38

7. Potential for European Companies in India.................................................................. 48

8. Regulatory Framework and Legislations...................................................................... 53

9. Marketing and Distribution Structure........................................................................... 59

The main objectives of the market research are to:

• Identify potential buyers of products/ operators in India, interested in Italian fashion

• Consumer Behaviour and Preferences

• Structure of foreign trade

• Potential for European companies in Indian market

• Regulatory framework and Legislations

• Marketing and Distribution structure

• Opportunities for Italian companies to enter the Indian market

- Macro-economic scenario of Indian economy

- Sector specific details and relevant information

The main sources of the information were:

- Catalogues of Indian manufacturing and marketing companies

1.4 Draft Report

2.1 Market Size

India's Apparel Market Size

Category 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

India's Apparel Market Size: By Volume

India's Apparel Market Size: By Value

2.2 Assessment of Demand and Market Potential in India

Future Outlook for Clothing and Apparels sector

2.3 Demand Projection

Demand Projection Apparel Market: By Value

Value (Euro Million)

2.4 Key Market Drivers – Domestic market

Rising Income Level

• Rising outsourcing budgets of retail giants

2.5 Market Structure and Segmentation

- Segmentation by User category

Market Segmentation: User Category

Men’s wear Women’s wear Unisex Kids’ wear

Market Segmentation – by USE

Formal Casual Active Traditional Uniforms

2.5.1 Market Segmentation by Price

Trousers Sarees Woolens:

MENSWEAR WOMEN’S WEAR UNISEX APPAREL

MENSWEAR WOMEN’S WEAR UNISEX APPAREL

2.6 Regional Characteristics of the Market

money. Price sensitivity is a common concern. Purchase decisions of consumers anywhere

3. Consumer Behavior and Preferences

3.1 Characteristics of Indian Consumer

Different Segments of Indian Consumers

3.2 Purchase Pattern of Textile Products

Salient Features of a Consumer Survey on “Purchase Pattern of Textiles” by Textile Committee,

Region Wise Purchase of Textiles (2006-07) – by value

Cotton Silk Wool Manm ade/ blended