Lab Manual: Nada R Saraswathi Co Llege of Engineering and Tech Nology

NSCET – LAB MANUAL
NADA R SARASWATHI CO LLEGE OF

ENGINEERING AND TECH NOLOGY
VADAPUDUPATTI – 625 531
LAB MANUAL
Regulation : 2013
Branch : B.E. – ECE
Year & Semest er : III Year / VI Semest er
EC6611 MICROPR OCESSOR AND MICROCO

NTROLLER LABORATORY
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

ANNA UNIVERSITY CHENNAI
Regulation 2013
CS6412- MICROPROCESSOR AND MICROCONTROLLER LABORATORY
SYLLABUS
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
8086 Programs using kits and MASM
1. Basic arithmetic and Logical operations

2. Move a data block without overlap
3. Code conversion, decimal arithmetic and Matrix operations.
4. Floating point operations, string manipulations, sorting and searching
5. Password checking, Print RAM size and system date
6. Counters and Time Delay
Peripherals and Interfacing Experiments
7. Traffic light control

8. Stepper motor control
9. Digital clock
10.Key board and Display
11. Printer status
12. Serial interface and Parallel interface
13.A/D and D/A interface and Waveform Generation 8051.
Experiments using kits and MASM
14. Basic arithmetic and Logical operations

15. Square and Cube program, Find 2’s complement of a number
16. Unpacked BCD to ASCII
TOTAL: 45 PERIODS

INTRODUCTION TO MICROPROCESSORS & MICROCONTROLLERS:
Microprocessor and controller is digital and programmable device with highly

reliable and secured modern architecture. Building blocks of the Digital computer CPU
functions Memory types Input / Output Devices Stored program concept History of
Microprocessors.
Intel 8085 microprocessor:
Internal architecture, Hardware description, Interrupts and interrupts servicing and

Interfacing the memory. Assembly Language Programming: 8085- Addressing modes
& Instruction set, Flow charts, Assembly language programming and assembler
directives, Linker and its operation, Programming examples.
Interfacing the input / output devices:

8255 Programmable Peripheral Interface, i8253 Programmable Interval Timer,
8251 Universal Synchronous /Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter, 8259
Programmable Interrupt Controller and i8279 Programmable Keyboard / Display
interface device.
Interfacing the data converters:
Digital-to-Analog Converters, Interfacing DAC with 8086 microprocessor,

Analog-to-Digital Converters Interfacing ADC with 8086.
Microprocessors:
Intel 8086 family microprocessors, Programming model, Memory paging,

Virtual memory concept, advanced features of 80386/486/Pentium Processors.
Microcontroller:
Introduction to Microcontrollers, Intel-8051: Architecture, Hardware

description, Memory organization, Addressing Modes.
Programming the i8051:
Instruction set, Assembly language programming, Interrupt structure and

interrupt priorities, Interfacing with external devices and Programming.

INDEX
EX. STAFF
REMARKS
DATE NAME OF THE EXPERIMENT SIGN
NO
BASIC ARITHMETIC AND LOGICAL OPERATIONS
1 USING 8086 MICROPROCESSOR 16 BIT ADDITION

2
USING 8086 MICROPROCESSOR 16 BIT SUBTRACTION
3 USING 8086 MICROPROCESSOR 16 BIT
MULTIPLICATION

4
USING 8086 MICROPROCESSOR 16 BIT DIVISION:
5 MOVE A DATA BLOCK WITHOUT OVERLAP
CODE CONVERSION, DECIMAL ARITHMETIC

6 AND MATRIX OPERATIONS.CODE CONVERSIONS –
DECIMAL TO HEXADECIMAL
7 CODE CONVERSION –HEXADECIMAL TO DECIMAL
FLOATING POINT OPERATIONS- STRING MANIPULATI

8
SORTING AND SEARCHING,COPYING A STRING
9 ASCENDING & DESCENDING
10 LARGEST& SMALLEST
PASSWORD CHECKING, PRINT RAM SIZE AND

11
SYSTEM
12 COUNTERS AND TIME DELAY
13 TRAFFIC LIGHT CONTROL
14 STEPPER MOTOR INTERFACING
15 DIGITAL CLOCK

CS6412- MICROPROCESSOR AND MICROCONTROLLER LABORATORY 6
EX. STAFF
DATE NAME OF THE EXPERIMENT REMARKS
NO SIGN
INTERFACING PRGRAMMABLE
16 KEYBOARD ANDDISPLAY CONTROLLER- 8279
17 PRINTER STATUS
A/D AND D/A INTERFACE AND WAVEFORM

18
GENERATION-ADC
INTERFACING DIGITAL – TO – ANALOG
19
CONVERTE
BASIC ARITHMETIC AND LOGICAL
20
OPERATIONS 8 BIT ADDITION
21 8 BIT SUBTRACTION
22 8 BIT MULTIPLICATION
23 8 BIT DIVISION
24 SQUARE AND CUBE PROGRAM, FIND 2’S

COMPLEMENT OF A NUMBER
25 UNPACKED BCD TO ASCII

EX. NO: 01
DATE :
BASIC ARITHMETIC AND LOGICAL OPERATIONS USING
8086 MICROPROCESSOR -16 BIT ADDITION
AIM:
To write an assembly language program to perform addition two 16 bit numbers

by an 8 bit number using 8086.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
S.NO ITEM SPECIFICATION QUANTITY
1. MICROPROCESSOR KIR 8086 KIT 1
2. POWER SUPPLY + 5 V DC 1
3. KEY BOARD - 1
ALGORITHM:
16-bit addition
Get the first number is specific address.

Add the second number to the first number.
Add the two values.
Store the sum and carry.

FLOECHART:
ADDITION:

PROGRAM FOR ADDITION;
ADDRESS OPCODE LABEL MNEMONICS COMMENT
1000 MOV CX,0000H Initialize counter CX
MOV AX,[1200] Get the first data in AX

1003
register.
MOV BX, [1202] Get the second data in BX

1006
register.
Add the contents of both

100A ADD AX,BX the register AX & BX
100C JNC L1 Check for carry
If carry exists, increment

100E INC CX the CX
L1 : MOV
100F LI [1206],CX Store the carry
1013 MOV [1204], AX Store the sum
1016 INT-3 HLT Stop the program
OUTPUT FOR ADDITION:
ADDRESS DATA
INPUT 1200
1201
1202
1203
1204
OUTPUT
1205
RESULT:
Thus assembly language programs to perform addition two 16 bit numbers by an 8

bit number using 8086 Performed and the result is stored.

EX. NO: 02
DATE :
8086 MICROPROCESSOR - 16 BIT SUBTRACTION
AIM:
To write an assembly language program to perform subtraction two 16 bit

numbers by an 8 bit number using 8086.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
3. KEY BOARD - 1
ALGORITHM:
16-bit SUBTRACTION:
Initialize the MSBs of difference to 0

Get the first number
Subtract the second number from the first number.
If there is any borrow, increment MSBs of difference by 1.
Store LSBs of difference.
Store MSBs of difference.

FLOECHART:
SUBTRACTION:

PROGRAM FOR SUBTRACTION:
1000 MOV CX,0000H Initialize counter CX
Get the first data in AX

1003 MOV AX,[1300]
register
Get the second data in BX

1006 MOV BX, [1302]
register.
Subtract the contents of both

100A SUB AX,BX
the register AX & BX
100C JNC A Check the Borrow.
If carry exists, increment the

100E INC CX CX
100F LI MOV [1306],CX Store the Borrow.
1013 MOV [1304], AX Store the difference.
1016 INT-3 HLT Stop the program
OUTPUT FOR ADDITION:
ADDRESS DATA
1300
1301
INPUT
1302
1303
1304
OUTPUT
1305
RESULT:
Thus assembly language programs to perform subtraction two 16 bit

numbers by an 8 bit number using 8086 Performed and the result is stored.

EX. NO: 03
DATE :
8086 MICROPROCESSOR - 16 BIT MULTIPLICATION
AIM:
To write an assembly language program to perform Multiplication two 16 bit
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
3. KEY BOARD - 1
ALGORITHM:
16-bit MULTIPLICATION
Multiplication of 16-bit numbers:
Get the multiplier.

Get the multiplicand
Initialize the product to 0.
Product = product + multiplicand
Decrement the multiplier by 1.
If multiplicand is not equal to 0, repeat from step (d) otherwise store the
product.




FLOECHART:
MULTIPLICATION:

PROGRAM FOR MULTIPLICATION:

1000 MOV AX,1234H
register.
Get the second data in BX

1003 MOV BX,[1300]
register.
1006 MUL BX Multiply AX & BX data
1008 INT 3 Break point.
MULTIPLICATION OUTPUT:
INPUT
OUTPUT
RESULT:
Thus assembly language programs to perform multiplication two 16 bit
numbers by an 8 bit number using 8086 Performed and the result is stored.

EX. NO: 04
DATE :
8086 MICROPROCESSOR - 16 BIT DIVISION:
AIM:
To write an assembly language program to perform division two 16 bit

APPARATUS REQUIRED:
1. MICROPROCESSOR KIT 8086 KIT 1
3. KEY BOARD - 1
ALGORITHM:
16-bit division
Division of 16-bit numbers:
Get the dividend and divisor.
Initialize the quotient to 0.
Dividend = dividend–divisor
If the divisor is greater, store the quotient
Go to step 3
If dividend is greater, quotient = quotient+ repeat from step 4.

FLOECHART:
DIVISION:

PROGRAM FOR DIVISION:

1000 MOV AX,[1200]
register,
Get the second data in DX

1003 MOV DX,[1202]
register.
1007 MOV BX,[1204] Move the higher order data.
100D MOV [1206],AX Move ax register into address
Divide the dividend by

100B DIV DX divisor
1010 MOV AX,BX Copy the lower order data
1012 MOV [1208],AX Store the higher order data.
Stop the program.

1015 INT 3
OUTPUT FOR DIVISION:
INPUT AX= DX=
OUTPUT AX= DX=
RESULT:
Thus assembly language programs to perform division two 16 bit numbers by
an 8 bit number using 8086 Performed and the result is stored.

EX. NO: 05
DATE :
MOVE A DATA BLOCK WITHOUT OVERLAP
AIM:
To move a data block without overlap
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
3. KEY BOARD - 1
ALGORITHM:
Initialize the memory location to the data pointer.
Increment B register.
Increment accumulator by 1 and adjust it to decimal every time.
Compare the given decimal number with accumulator value.
When both match, the equivalent hexadecimal value is in B register.
Store the resultant in memory location.

PROGRAM:
ADDRESS OPCODES PROGRAM COMMENTS
1000 MOV CL, 05 Get the Data range
1002 MOV SI, 1400 Get the first data.
1005 MOV DI, 1450 Get the second data.
LD DSB Store the lower order

1008
product
1009 MOV [DI], AL Store the result
100B INC DI Increment the pointer.
100C DEC 1008 Counter 0
1010 INT 3 Break point
OUTPUT:
INPUT OUTPUT
1400 1450
1401 1451
1402 1452
1403 1453
1404 1454
RESULT:
Thus the output for the Move a data block without overlap was executed
successfully.


EX. NO: 06
DATE :
CODE CONVERSION, DECIMAL ARITHMETIC
AND MATRIX OPERATIONS.
Code Conversions –Decimal to Hexadecimal:

AIM:
To convert a given decimal number to hexadecimal.
ALGORITHM:
Compare the given decimal number with accumulator value.
When both match, the equivalent hexadecimal value is in B register.

FLOWCHART:

PROGRAM:
ADDRESS OPCODE LABEL MNEMONICS COMMENDS
1000 MOV AL, [1100] Move data block AL
1003 MOV AH, AL Move data lower to higher
1005 MOV AH, OF Move data OF into AH
1008 MOV BL, AH Move data BL into AH
100A AND AL, FO AND the data AL to FO
100C MOV CL, 04 Move data 04 to CL block
100E ROR AL, CL Rotate functions CL and AL
1010 MOV BH, OA Move data OA into BH
1012 MUL BH Multiply BH
1014 ADD AL, BL ADD the data AL And BL
1016 MOV [2000], AL Move the store data
1019 INT-3 Halt program
OUTPUT:[DECIMAL TO HEXADECIMAL]
DATA ADRESS DATA
INPUT
OUTPUT
RESULT:
Thus the output for the code conversions –decimal to hex was executed
successfully.


EX. NO: 07
DATE :
CODE CONVERSION –HEXADECIMAL TO DECIMAL
AIM:
To convert a given hexadecimal number to decimal.
ALGORITHM:
Compare the given hexadecimal number with B register value.
When both match, the equivalent decimal value is in A register.

PROGRAM;
ADDRESS OPCODE LABEL MNEMONICS COMMENTS
1000 MOV AL, [1100] Move date to AL REG
1003 MOV DX, AL Move data AL TO DX
1006 HUND MOV AL, 64 Move data to AX REG
1008 JC TEN Jump carry
100A SUB AL, 64 Subtract data
100C INC DL Increment DL
100E JUP HUND JUMP label data
1010 TEN CMP AL, OA Compare register
1012 JC UNIT Jump carry
1014 SUB AL,OA Subtract data
1016 INC DH Increment DH
1018 JC TEN JUMP carry
101A UNIT MOV [200],DL Move data to DL
101E MOV [200],DH Move data to DH
1022 MOV [200],AL Move data to AL
1025 MOV [200],AH Move data to AH
1027 HLT Stop the program

OUTPUT:[ HEXADECIMAL NUMBER TO DECIMAL]:
INPUT OUTPUT
MEMORY
DATA
RESULT:
Thus the output for the addition code conversions –decimal to hex was
executed successfully.

EX. NO: 08
DATE :
FLOATING POINT OPERATIONS- STRING
MANIPULATIONS, SORTING AND SEARCHING
Copying a String:
AIM:
To move a string of length FF from source to destination.
ALGORITHM:
Initialize the data segment .(DS)

Initialize the extra data segment .(ES)
Initialize the start of string in the DS. (SI)
Initialize the start of string in the ES. (DI)
Move the length of the string (FF) in CX register.
Move the byte from DS TO ES, till CX=0.

FLOECHART:

PROGRAM:
1000 MOV SI,1200H Initialize destination address
1003 MOV DI,1300H Initialize starting address.
1006 MOV CX,0006H Initialize array size
1008 CLD Clear direction flag
Copy the contents of source into

100A REP MOVSB destination until count reaches zero
100C HLT Stop
OUTPUT : [ COPYING A STRING]:
INPUT OUTPUT
1400 1450
1401 1451
1402 1452
1403 1453
1404 1454
RESULT:
Thus a string of a particular length is moved from source segment to

destination segment.

EX. NO: 09
DATE :
ASCENDING & DESCENDING
AIM:
To write an Assembly Language Program (ALP) to sort a given array in
ascending and descending order.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
3. KEY BOARD - 1
PROBLEM STATEMENT:
An array of length 10 is given from the location. Sort it into descending and
ascending order and store the result.

ALGORITHM:
Sorting in ascending order:

Load the array count in two registers C1 and C2.
Get the first two numbers.
Compare the numbers and exchange if necessary so that the two numbers are in
ascending order.
Decrement C2.
Get the third number from the array and repeat the process until C2 is 0.
Decrement C1 and repeat the process until C1 is 0.
Sorting in descending order:

Load the array count in two registers C1 and C2.
Compare the numbers and exchange if necessary so that the two numbers are in
descending order.
Decrement C2.
Decrement C1 and repeat the process until C1 is 0.

FLOECHART:[ASCENDING]:

FLOWCHART :[DECENDING]:

PROGRAM FOR ASCENDING ORDER:

Initialize memory location for
1000 MOV SI,1200H
array size
1002 MOV CL,[SI] Number of comparisons in CL
Initialize memory location for
1004 L4 : MOVSI,1200H
array size
1006 MOV DL,[SI] Get the count in DL
1007 INC SI Go to next memory location
1009 MOV AL,[SI] Get the first data in AL
100B L3 : INC SI Go to next memory location
100E MOV BL,[SI] Get the second data in BL
1010 CMP AL,BL Compare two data’s
1012 JNB L1 If AL < BL go to L1
DEC SI Else, Decrement the memory

1014
location
1016 MOV [SI],AL Store the smallest data
1018 MOV AL,BL Get the next data AL
1019 JMP L2 Jump to L2
101A L1 : DEC SI Decrement the memory location

Store the greatest data in memory
101C MOV [SI],BL
location
101E L2 : INC SI Go to next memory location
1020 DEC DL Decrement the count

Jump to L3, if the count is not
1022 JNZ L3
reached
1024 MOV [SI],AL Store data in memory location
1026 DEC CL Decrement the count

Jump to L4, if the count is not
1028 JNZ L4
reached zero
1029 HLT Stop

PROGRAM FOR DESCENDING ORDER:
Initialize memory location

1000 MOV SI,1200H
for array size
Number of comparisons in
1002 MOV CL,[SI]
CL
L4 : Initialize memory location

1004
MOVSI,1200H for array size
1006 MOV DL,[SI] Get the count in DL
Go to next memory
1007 INC SI
location
1009 MOV AL,[SI] Get the first data in AL
Go to next memory
100B L3 : INC SI
location

OUTPUT FOR ASCENDING:
DATA
INPUT
OUTPUT
OUTPUT FOR DESCENDING ORDER:
DATA
INPUT
OUTPUT
RESULT:
Thus given array of numbers are sorted in ascending & descending order.

EX. NO: 10
DATE :
LARGEST& SMALLEST
AIM:
To write an Assembly Language Program(ALP) to find the largest and
smallest number in a given array.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
3. KEY BOARD - 1
PROBLEM STATEMENT:
An array of length 5 is given from the location. Find the largest and smallest
number and store the result.

ALGORITHM:
(i) Finding largest number:

Load the array count in a register C1.
Compare the numbers and exchange if the number is small.
(ii) Finding smallest number:

Load the array count in a register C1.
Compare the numbers and exchange if the number is large.

FLOECHART:[LARGEST]

FLOECHART:[SMALLEST]

PROGRAM FOR FINDING LARGEST NUMBER:
ADDRESS OPCODES PROGRAM COMMENDS
1000 MOV SI,1200H Initialize array size
1002 MOV CL,[SI] Initialize the count
1006 MOV AL,[SI] Move the first data in AL
1007 DEC CL Reduce the count
1009 L2 : INC SI Move the SI pointer to next data
100B CMP AL,[SI] Compare two data’s
100E JNB L1 If AL > [SI] then go to L1 ( no swap)
1010 MOV AL,[SI] Else move the large number to AL
1012 L1 : DEC CL Decrement the count
1014 JNZ L2 If count is not zero go to L2
1016 MOV DI,1300H Initialize DI with 1300H
MOV [DI],AL Else store the biggest number in 1300

1018
location
1010 HLT Stop

PROGRAM FOR FINDING SMALLEST NUMBER:
ADDRESS OPCODES PROGRAM COMMENDS
1000 MOV SI,1200H Initialize array size
1002 MOV CL,[SI] Initialize the count
1006 MOV AL,[SI] Move the first data in AL
1007 DEC CL Reduce the count
1009 L2 : INC SI Move the SI pointer to next data
100B CMP AL,[SI] Compare two data’s
100E JB L1 If AL < [SI] then go to L1 ( no swap)
1010 MOV AL,[SI] Else move the large number to AL
1012 L1 : DEC CL Decrement the count
1014 JNZ L2 If count is not zero go to L2
1016 MOV DI,1300H Initialize DI with 1300H
1018 MOV [DI],AL Else store the biggest number in 1300 location
1010 HLT Stop

OUTPUT FOR LARGESTNUMBER:
DATA
INPUT
OUTPUT
OUTPUT FOR SMALLEST NUMBER:
DATA
INPUT
OUTPUT
RESULT:
Thus largest and smallest number is found in a given array.

EX. NO: 11
DATE :
PASSWORD CHECKING
AIM:
To write an Assembly Language Program (ALP) for performing the

Arithmetic operation of two byte numbers
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
SL .No ITEM SPECIFICATION QUANTITY
1. Microprocessor kit 8086 kit 1
2. Power Supply +5 V dc 1
PROGRAM:
; PASSWORD IS MASM1234
DATA SEGMENT
PASSWORD DB 'MASM1234'
LEN EQU ($-PASSWORD)
MSG1 DB 10, 13,'ENTER YOUR PASSWORD: $'
MSG2 DB 10, 13,' WELCOME TO ELECTRONICS WORLD!!$'
MSG3 DB 10, 13,'INCORRECT PASSWORD!$'
NEW DB 10, 13,'$'
INST DB 10 DUP (0)
DATA ENDS
CODE SEGMENT

ASSUME CS: CODE, DS: DATA
START:
MOV AX, DATA
MOV DS, AX
LEA DX, MSG1
MOV AH, 09H
INT 21H
MOV SI, 00
UP1:
MOV AH, 08H
INT 21H
CMP AL, 0DH
JE DOWN
MOV [INST+SI], AL
MOV DL,'*'
MOV AH, 02H
INT 21H
INC SI
JMP UP1
DOWN:
MOV BX, 00
MOV CX, LEN
CHECK:
MOV AL,[INST+BX]
MOV DL,[PASSWORD+BX]
CMP AL, DL
JNE FAIL

INC BX
LOOP CHECK
LEA DX, MSG2
MOV AH, 09H
INT 21H
JMP FINISH
FAIL:
LEA DX, MSG3
MOV AH, 009H
INT 21H
FINISH:
INT 3
CODE ENDS
END START
END
RESULT:
Thus the output for the Password checking, Print RAM size and system date
was executed successfully

EX.NO: 12
DATE :
COUNTERS AND TIME DELAY

AIM:
To write an assembly language program in 8086 to Counters and Time Delay
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
PROGRAM:
.MODEL SMALL
.DATA
MSGIN DB 'Enter delay duration (0-50): $'

MSG1 DB 'This is Microprocessor! $'
DELAYTIME DW 0000H
.CODE
MOV DX,@DATA
MOV DS, DX
LEA DX, MSGIN
MOV AH, 09H
INT 21H
IN1:

MOV AH, 01H

INT 21H
CMP AL, 0DH ;
JE NXT
SUB AL, 30H
MOV DL, AL
MOV AX, BX
MOV CL, 0AH
MUL CL
MOV BX, AX
AND DX, 00FFH
ADD BX, DX
MOV DELAYTIME, BX
LOOP IN1
NXT:
MOV CX, DELAYTIME
MOV DL, 10
MOV AH, 02H
INT 21H
LEA SI, MSG1
LP: PUSH DX
MOV DL,[SI]
CMP DL,'$'
JE NXT2
MOV AH, 02H
INT 21H
ADD SI, 1
POP DX
MOV DI, DELAYTIME
MOV AH, 0
INT 1Ah
MOV BX, DX
Delay:
MOV AH, 0
INT 1Ah

SUB DX, BX
CMP DI, DX
JA Delay
LOOP LP
NXT2:
MOV AH, 4CH
INT 21H
END
RESULT:
Thus the output for the Counters and Time Delay was executed successfully

EXP.NO: 13
DATE :
TRAFFIC LIGHT CONTROL
AIM:
To write an assembly language program in 8086 to Traffic light control
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
PROGRAM;
Log into System.

Select control type.
If Automatic mode select then go to step 4th else go to step 8.
If Automatic control activated.
Assign time period for green, yellow signal.
If emergency vehicle is over then go to step 4.
If rally come then go to step 8.
Manual control activated.
Assign time period for green, yellow signal according to that particular road.
If emergency over then go to step 4.

MODEL GRAPH FOR TRAFFIC LIGHT CONTROL:

ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE PROGRAM FOR TRAFFIC LIGHT CONTROL:
ADDRESS OPCODE LABEL MNEMONICS
1000 MVI A,80
1002 OUT CWR
1004 REPEAT MVI E, 03
1006 LXI H, C100
1007 NEXTSTAT MOV A, M
1009 OUT PORRTA
100B INX H
100E MOV A, M
1010 OUT PORTB
1012 INX H
1014 MOV A,M
1016 OUT PORT C
1018 CALL DELAY
1019 INX H
101A DCR E
101C JNZ NEXTSTAT
101E JMP REPEAT
1022 DELAY LXI D, 3000
1024 L2 MVI C,FF
1026 L1 DCR C
1028 JNZ L1
1029 DCR D
1000 MOV A, D
1002 ORA E
1004 JNZ L2
1006 RET

RESULT:
Thus the assembly language program for traffic light control is verified

EX. NO: 14
DATE :
STEPPER MOTOR INTERFACING

AIM:
To write an assembly language program in 8086 to rotate the motor at

different speeds.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
SL.NO ITEM SPECIFICATION QUANTITY
1. Microprocessor kit 8086 1
2. Power Supply +5 V, dc,+12 V dc 1
3. Stepper Motor Interface board - 1
4. Stepper Motor - 1
PROBLEM STATEMENT:
Write a code for achieving a specific angle of rotation in a given time and
particular number of rotations in a specific time.
THEORY:
A motor in which the rotor is able to assume only discrete stationary

angular position is a stepper motor. The rotary motion occurs in a stepwise manner
from one equilibrium position to the next. Two-phase scheme: Any two adjacent
stator windings are energized. There are two magnetic fields active in quadrature
and none of the rotor pole faces can be in direct alignment with the stator poles. A
partial but symmetric alignment of the rotor poles is of course possible.

ALGORITHM:
For running stepper motor clockwise and anticlockwise directions
Get the first data from the lookup table.

Initialize the counter and move data into accumulator.
Drive the stepper motor circuitry and introduce delay
Decrement the counter is not zero repeat from step(iii)
Repeat the above procedure both for backward and forward directions.
SWITCHING SEQUENCE OF STEPPER MOTOR:
MEMORY
LOCATION A1 A2 B1 B2 HEX CODE
4500 1 0 0 0 09 H
4501 0 1 0 1 05 H
4502 0 1 1 0 06 H
4503 1 0 1 0 0A H

FLOWCHART:

PROGRAM FOR STEPPER MOTOR CONTOL;
ADDRESS OPCODE PROGRAM COMMENTS
START : MOV Initialize memory location to store the array

1000 DI, 1200H of number
1002 MOV CX, 0004H Initialize array size
LOOP 1 : MOV
1004 AL,[DI] Copy the first data in AL
1006 OUT 0C0,AL Send it through port address
1007 MOV DX, 1010H Introduce delay
1009 L1 : DEC DX Declare DX
100B JNZ L1 JUNP no zero
100E INC DI Increment DI
1010 LOOP LOOP1 Go to next memory location
Loop until all the data’s have been sent Go to

1012 JMP START
start location for continuous rotation
1200 :
1014 09,05,06,0A Array of data’s
RESULT:
Thus the assembly language program for rotating stepper motor in both
clockwise and anticlockwise directions is written and verified.

EX. NO: 15
DATE :
DIGITAL CLOCK
AIM:
To display the digital clock specifically by displaying the hours, minutes and
seconds using 8086 kits
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
S.NO ITEM SPECIFICATION
1 Microprocessor kit 8086
2 Power Supply 5V
PRELIMINARY SETTINGS:
Store time value in memory location 1500- Seconds
1501- Minutes
1502- Hours

DIGITAL CLOCK PROGRAM:
MEMORY OPCODE LABEL MNEMONICS
1000 START
1000 CALL CONVERT
1003 CALL DISPLAY
1006 DELAY MOV AL, 0B0H
1009 OUT 16H, AL
100B MOV CL, 07H
100E S2 MOV AL, 88H
1011 OUT 14H, AL
1013 MOV AL, 80H
1016 OUT 14H, AL
1018 S1 MOV AL, 80H

OUT 16H, AL
101B
101D NOP
101E NOP
101F NOP
1020 NOP
1021 IN AL, 14H
1023 MOV DL, AL
1025 IN AL, 14H
1027 OR AL,DL
1029 JNZ S1
102B DEC CL

102D JNZ S2
102F MOV SI, 1500H
1033 MOV AL.[SI]
1035 INC AL
1037 MOV [SI],AL
1039 CMP AL, 3CH
103C JNZ START
103E MOV AL, 00H
1041 MOV[SI], AL
1043 INC AL
1044 MOV [SI],AL
1046 CMP AL,3CH
1048 JNZ START
1041 MOV AL, 0
104D MOV AL, [SI]
104F MOV AL, O
1052 MOV [SI],AL
1054 INC SI
1055 MOV AL, [SI]
1057 CMP AL, 18H
1059 JNZ START
105B MOV AL, 0
105E MOV SI,AL
1060 MOV AL,0
1063 MOV [SI],AL

VVIT DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

1065 JMP START
1068 DISPLAY MOV AH, 06H
106B MOV DX, 1600H
106F MOV CH, 01
1072 MOV CL , 01
1075 INT 5
1077 RET
1078 CONVERT MOV SI, 1500H
107C MOV BX, 1608H
1080 MOV AL, 24
1080 MOV [BX,] AL
SECONDS
1085 MOV AL, SI
1087 MOV AH, 0
108A MOV DH, 0AH
108D DIV DH
108F ADD AH, 30H
1092 DEC BX
1093 MOV [BX], AH
1095 DEC BX
ADD AL, 30H
1096
1098 HLT

VVIT DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

RESULT;
Thus the digital clock program has been written and executed using 8086
microprocessor kit and the output of digital clock was displayed as [hours: minutes:
seconds]successfully.

EX. NO: 16
DATE :
INTERFACING PRGRAMMABLE KEYBOARD AND
DISPLAY CONTROLLER- 8279
AIM :
To display the rolling message “HELP US “ in the display.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
8086 Microprocessor kit, Power supply, interfacing board.
ALGORITHM :
Display of rolling message “HELP US “
Initialize the counter
Set 8279 for 8 digit character display, right entry
Set 8279 for clearing the display
Write the command to display
Load the character into accumulator and display it
Introduce the delay
Repeat from step 1.

PROGRAM:
MEMORY
OPCODES PROGRAM COMMENDS
LOCATION
START : MOV
1000 Initialize array
SI,1200H
1000 MOV CX,000FH Initialize array size
Store the control word for
1003 MOV AL,10
display mode
1006 OUT C2,AL Send through output port
Store the control word to
1009 MOV AL,CC
clear display
100B OUT C2,AL Send through output port
Store the control word to
100E MOV AL,90
write display
1013 L1 : MOV AL,[SI] Get the first data
1018 CALL DELAY Give delay
101B INC SI Go & get next data

Loop until all the data’s
101D LOOP L1
have been taken
101E JMP START Go to starting location
DELAY : MOV
101F Store 16bit count value
DX,0A0FFH
1020 LOOP1 : DEC DX Decrement count value
Loop until count values
1021 JNZ LOOP1
becomes zero
1023 RET Return to main program

1. Display Mode Setup: Control word-10 H
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 D D K K K
DD-00- 8Bit character display left entry
01- 16Bit character display left entry
10- 8Bit character display right entry
11- 16Bit character display right entry
KKK- Key Board Mode
000-2Key lockout.
2.Clear Display: Control word-DC H
1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0
1 1 0 CD CD CD CF CA
11 A0-3; B0-3 =F
1-Enables Clear display
0-Contents of RAM will be displayed
1-FIFO Status is cleared
1-Clear all bits
(Combined effect of CD)

3. Write Display: Control word-90H
1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
1 0 0
AI A A A A
Selects one of the 16 rows of display.
Auto increment = 1, the row address selected will be incremented after

each of read and write operation of the display RAM.

FLOWCHART:

SEGMENT DEFINITION:
DATA BUS D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0
SEGMENTS d c b a d g f e
RESULT:
Thus the rolling message “HELP US” is displayed using 8279 interface kit.

EX. NO: 17
DATE :
PRINTER STATUS
AIM:
To determine the printer status.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
S.NO ITEM SPECIFICATION
1 Microprocessor kit 8086
2 Power Supply 5V
PROGRAM:
XOR AX, AX
XOR BX, BX
; This divides my 3digit number by 100 giving me

my, hundredth digit
MOV AX, RES
MOV BX, 100
DIV BX
; prints the hundredth digit
ADD AL, '0'
MOV DL, AL
PUSH AX; save AX on the stack
MOV AH, 02h
INT 21h

POP AX; restore ax
; divides the remainder by 10 giving me my tens

digit
; prints my tens digit
ADD AL, '0'
MOV DL, AL
PUSH AX; save AX on the stack
MOV AH, 02h
INT 21h
POP AX; restore ax
; print my last remainder which is my ones
ADD AH, '0'
MOV DL, AH
MOV AH, 02h
INT 21h
RESULT:
Thus the output for the Move a data block without overlap was executed
successfully.

EX. NO: 18
DATE :
A/D AND D/A INTERFACE AND WAVEFORM GENERATION.
ADC
AIM:
To write an assembly language program to convert an analog signal into a

digital signal using an ADC interfacing.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:

1. Microprocessor kit 8086 1
2. Power Supply +5 V dc,+12 V dc 1
3. ADC Interface board - 1
THEORY:
An ADC usually has two additional control lines: the SOC input to tell the ADC
when to start the conversion and the EOC output to announce when the conversion
is complete.
ALGORITHM:
Select the channel and latch the address.
Send the start conversion pulse.
Read EOC signal.
If EOC = 1 continue else go to step (iii)
Read the digital output.
Store it in a memory location.

PROGRAM:
MEMORY
COMMENTS
OPCODES PROGRAM
LOCATION
Load accumulator
with value for ALE
1000 MOV AL,00
high
Send through output
1000 OUT 0C8H,AL port
Load accumulator
with value for ALE
1003 MOV AL,08
low
Send through output
1006 OUT 0C8H,AL port
Store the value to
make SOC high in
1009 MOV AL,01 the accumulator
Send through output
100B OUT 0D0H,AL port
100E MOV AL,00
1011 MOV AL,00

Introduce delay
1013 MOV AL,00
1016 MOV AL,00

Store the value to
make SOC low the
1018 OUT 0D0H,AL accumulator
Send through output
101B L1 : IN AL, 0D8H port
101D AND AL,01

Read the EOC signal
from port & check
101E CMP AL,01 for end of conversion

101F JNZ L1

FLOWCHART:
1020 IN AL,0C0H from port again
1021 MOV BX,1100 Read data from port
Initialize the memory

1023 MOV [BX],AL location to store data
Store the data and

1025 HLT halt program

OUTPUT:
DIGITAL DATA ON LED HEX CODE IN MEMORY

ANALOG VOLTAGE
DISPLAY LOCATION
RESULT:
Thus the ADC was interfaced with 8086 and the given analog inputs were
converted into its digital equivalent.

EX. NO: 19
DATE :
INTERFACING DIGITAL – TO – ANALOG CONVERTER
AIM:
1. To write an assembly language program for digital to analog conversion

2. To convert digital inputs into analog outputs & To generate different
waveforms
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
1. Microprocessor kit 8086 Vi Microsystems 1
2. Power Supply +5 V, dc,+12 V dc 1
3. DAC Interface board - 1
PROBLEM STATEMENT:
The program is executed for various digital values and equivalent analog
voltages are measured and also the waveforms are measured at the output ports using
CRO.
THEORY:
Since DAC 0800 is an 8 bit DAC and the output voltage variation is between
–5v and +5v. The output voltage varies in steps of 10/256 = 0.04 (approximately).
The digital data input and the corresponding output voltages are presented in the
table. The basic idea behind the generation of waveforms is the continuous
generation of analog output of DAC. With 00 (Hex) as input to DAC2 the analog
output is –5v. Similarly with FF H as input, the output is +5v. Outputting digital data
00 and FF at regular intervals, to DAC2, results in a square wave of amplitude
5v.Output digital data from 00 to FF in constant steps of 01 to DAC2. Repeat this
sequence again and again. As a result a saw-tooth wave will be generated at DAC2
output. Output digital data from 00 to FF in constant steps of 01 to DAC2. Output
digital data from FF to 00 in constant steps of 01 to DAC2.

FLOECHART:

ALGORITHM:
Measurement of analog voltage:

(i) Send the digital value of DAC.
(ii) Read the corresponding analog value of its output.
Waveform generation:
Square Waveform:
(i) Send low value (00) to the DAC.

(ii) Introduce suitable delay.
(iii) Send high value to DAC.
(iv) Introduce delay.
(v) Repeat the above
procedure. Saw-tooth waveform:
(i) Load low value (00) to accumulator.
(ii) Send this value to DAC.
(iii) Increment the accumulator.
(iv) Repeat step (ii) and (iii) until accumulator value reaches FF.
(v) Repeat the above procedure from step 1.
Triangular waveform:
(i) Load the low value (00) in accumulator.

(ii) Send this accumulator content to DAC.
(iii) Increment the accumulator.
(iv) Repeat step 2 and 3 until the accumulator reaches FF,
decrement the accumulator and send the accumulator contents
to DAC.
MEASUREMENT OF ANALOG VOLTAGE:
PROGRAM COMMENTS
MOV AL,7FH Load digital value 00 in accumulator

OUT C0,AL Send through output port
HLT Stop

DIGITAL DATA ANALOG VOLTAGE
PROGRAM TABLE: saw tooth wave
PROGRAM COMMENTS
L2: MOV AL,00H Load 00 in accumulator
CALL L1 Give a delay
MOV AL,FFH Load FF in accumulator
CALL L1 Give a delay
JMP L2 Go to starting location
L3: MOV CX,05FFH Load count value in CX register
L1: LOOP L3 Decrement until it reaches zero
RET Return to main program

PROGRAM TABLE: Square Wave
PROGRAM COMMENTS
L2; OUT C0,AL Load 00 in accumulator
CALL L1 Send through output port
MOV AL,FFH Give a delay
OUT C0,AL Load FF in accumulator
CALL L1 Send through output port
JMP L2 Give a delay
L1 Load 00 in accumulator
L3 Send through output port
RET return
PROGRAM TABLE: Triangular Wave
PROGRAM COMMENTS
INC AL Increment contents of accumulator
JNZ L1 Send through output port until it reaches FF
MOV AL,0FFH Load FF in accumulator
DEC AL Decrement contents of accumulator
JNZ L2 Send through output port until it reaches 00
JMP L3 Go to starting location

WAVEFORM GENERATION:
WAVEFORMS AMPLITUDE TIMEPERIOD
Square Waveform
Saw-tooth waveform
Triangular waveform
RESULT
Thus the DAC was interfaced with 8085 and different waveforms have been
generated.

EX. NO: 20
DATE :
8 BIT ADDITION
AIM:
To write a program to add two 8-bit numbers using 8051 microcontroller.
ALGORITHM:
Clear Program Status Word.
Select Register bank by giving proper values to RS1 & RS0 of PSW.
Load accumulator A with any desired 8-bit data.
Load the register R 0 with the second 8- bit data.
Add these two 8-bit numbers.
Store the result.
Stop the program.

FLOW CHART:

PROGRAM:
HEX
ADDRESS LABEL MNEMONIC OPERAND CODE COMMENTS
4100 CLR C C3 Clear CY Flag
A, Get the data1 in

4101 MOV data1 74,data1 Accumulator
A, # Add the data1 with

4103 ADDC data 2 24,data2 data2
DPTR, Initialize the memory

4105 MOV #4500H 90,45,00 Location
@ DPTR, Store the result in

4108 MOVX F0
A memory location
4109 L1 SJMP L1 80,FE Stop the program
OUTPUT:
INPUT OUTPUT
MEMORY MEMORY
DATA DATA
RESULT:
Thus the 8051 ALP for addition of two 8 bit numbers is executed.

EX. NO: 21
DATE :
8 BIT SUBTRACTION
AIM:
To perform subtraction of two 8 bit data and store the result in memory.
ALGORITHM:
Clear the carry flag.
Initialize the register for borrow.
Get the first operand into the accumulator.
Subtract the second operand from the accumulator.
If a borrow results increment the carry register.
Store the result in memory.

FLOECHART:

8 BIT SUBTRACTION
ADDRESS LABEL MNEMONIC OPERAND HEX COMMENTS
4100 CLR C CODE C3 Clear CY flag
A, # Store data1 in
4101 MOV data1 74, data1 accumulator
A, # Subtract data2
4103 SUBB data2 94,data2 from data1
DPTR, # Initialize
4105 MOV 4500 90,45,00 memory
Location
Store the
difference in
4108 MOVX @ DPTR, A F0 memory
location
4109 L1 SJMP L1 80,FE Stop
OUTPUT:
INPUT OUTPUT
Memory Memory
Data Data
RESULT:

Thus the 8051 ALP for subtraction of two 8 bit numbers is executed.

EX. NO: 22
DATE :
8 BIT MULTIPLICATION
AIM:
To perform multiplication of two 8 bit data and store the result in memory.
ALGORITHM:
Get the multiplier in the accumulator.
Get the multiplicand in the B register.
Multiply A with B.
Store the product in memory.

FLOWCHART:

8 BIT MULTIPLICATION:
HEX
ADDRESS LABEL MNEMONIC OPERAND CODE COMMENTS
A Store data1 in
4100 MOV
,#data1 74, data1 accumulator
B, Store data2 in
4102 MOV
#data2 75,data2 B register.
4104 MUL A,B Multiply both

F5,F0
Initialize
4106 MOV DPTR, # memory
4500H 90,45,00
location
4109 MOVX @ DPTR, Store lower

A F0 order result
Go to next
401A INC memory
DPTR A3 location
Store higher
410B MOV A,B E5,F0 order
410D MOV @ DPTR, result

A F0
410E STOP SJMP STOP 80,FE Stop

OUTPUT:
INPUT OUTPUT
Memory Memory
Data Data
Location location
4500 4502
4501 4503
RESULT:
Thus the 8051 ALP for multiplication of two 8 bit numbers is executed.

EX. NO: 23
DATE :
8 BIT DIVISION
AIM:
To perform division of two 8 bit data and store the result in memory.
ALGORITHM:
Get the Dividend in the accumulator.
Get the Divisor in the B register.
Divide A by B.
Store the Quotient and Remainder in memory.

FLOWCHART:

8 BIT DIVISION
HEX
ADDRESS LABEL MNEMONIC OPERAND COMMENTS
CODE
A, # Store data1 in
4100 MOV
data1 74,data1 accumulator
4102 MOV B, # Store data2 in

data2 75,data2 B register.
4104 DIV Divide

A,B 84
Initialize
4015 MOV DPTR, # memory
4500H 90,45,00 location
MOVX Store
4018 @ DPTR,
F0
remainder
A
Go to next
4109 INC memory
DPTR A3 location
410A MOV Store quotient

A,B E5,F0
MOV Move stored

410C @ DPTR,
A F0
data
410D STOP SJMP STOP 80,FE

Stop

OUTPUT:
INPUT OUTPUT
Memory Memory
Data Data
Location location
4500 4502
4501 4503
RESULT:
Thus the 8051 ALP for division of two 8 bit numbers is executed.

EX. NO: 24
DATE :
SQUARE AND CUBE PROGRAM, FIND 2’S
COMPLEMENT OF A NUMBER
AIM:
To convert Square and Cube program, Find 2’s complement of a number
using 8051 micro controller
RESOURCES REQUIERED:
8051 microcontroller kit

Keyboard
Power supply

PROGRAM:
SQUARE PGM USING 8051
01 ORG 00h
02 LJMP MAIN
3 DELAYS:
04; MOV R0,#2
5 MOV TMOD, #01H
6 MOV TH0, #HIGH (-50000)
7 MOV TL0, #LOW (-50000)
8 SETB TR0
9 JNB TF0,
10CLR TF0
12; DJNZ R0,DELAY
13RET
14MAIN:
15MOV DPTR,#300H
16MOV A,#0FFH
17MOV P1,A
18BACK:
19LCALL DELAY
20MOV A,P1
21MOVC A,@A+DPTR

22;MOV P2,#00H
23;LCALL DELAY
24MOV P2,A
25SJMP BACK
26ORG 300H
27XSQR_TABLE:
28DB 0,1,4,9,16,25,36,49,64,81
29END
OUTPUT
INPUT DATA OUTPUT DATA
RESULT;
Thus the Square and Cube program, Find 2’s complement of a number is
done in 8051 microcontroller

EX. NO: 25
DATE :
UNPACKED BCD TO ASCII
AIM:
To convert BCD number into ASCII by using 8051 micro controller.
RESOURCES REQUIERED:
8051 microcontroller kit

Keyboard
Power supply

FLOWCHART:

ALGORITHM:
AAM
00 59 08 09
AH AL AH AL
NOTE; 59H TO 89 DECIMAL
ADD AX,
08 09 38 39
3030H
AH AL AH AL
NOTE; 38h and 39h are the ASCII equivalents of 8 and 9 respectively
Save contents of all registers which are used in the routine

Get the data in al register and make AH equal to 00.
Use AAM instruction to convert number in its decimal equivalent in the
unpacked format.
Add 30h in each digit to get its ASCII equivalent.
Display one by one using function 2 of INT 21h.
Routine content of register.

PROGRAM;
ROUTINE: convert binary for number less than 100 passing parameter
; Hex number in al register.

; Routine to convert binary number into its
; Decimal and then ASCII equivalent, and display the number
BTA PROC NEAR

PUSH DX
PUSH BX
PUSH AX
MOV AX, 00H
AAM
ADD AX, 3030H
MOV BX, AX
MOV DL, BH
MOV AH, 02
INT 21H
MOV DL, BL
INT 21H
POP AX
POP BX
POP DX
RET
END P
RESULT:
The given number is converted into ASCII using 8051 microcontroller kit.

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NSCET – LAB MANUAL

NADA R SARASWATHI CO LLEGE OF

VADAPUDUPATTI – 625 531

EC6611 MICROPR OCESSOR AND MICROCO

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

ANNA UNIVERSITY CHENNAI

CS6412- MICROPROCESSOR AND MICROCONTROLLER LABORATORY

8086 Programs using kits and MASM

1. Basic arithmetic and Logical operations

Peripherals and Interfacing Experiments

7. Traffic light control

14. Basic arithmetic and Logical operations

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

Microprocessor and controller is digital and programmable device with highly

Intel 8085 microprocessor:

Internal architecture, Hardware description, Interrupts and interrupts servicing and

Interfacing the input / output devices:

Interfacing the data converters:

Digital-to-Analog Converters, Interfacing DAC with 8086 microprocessor,

Intel 8086 family microprocessors, Programming model, Memory paging,

Introduction to Microcontrollers, Intel-8051: Architecture, Hardware

Programming the i8051:

Instruction set, Assembly language programming, Interrupt structure and

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

BASIC ARITHMETIC AND LOGICAL OPERATIONS

BASIC ARITHMETIC AND LOGICAL OPERATIONS

5 MOVE A DATA BLOCK WITHOUT OVERLAP

CODE CONVERSION, DECIMAL ARITHMETIC

7 CODE CONVERSION –HEXADECIMAL TO DECIMAL

FLOATING POINT OPERATIONS- STRING MANIPULATI

9 ASCENDING & DESCENDING

PASSWORD CHECKING, PRINT RAM SIZE AND

12 COUNTERS AND TIME DELAY

13 TRAFFIC LIGHT CONTROL

14 STEPPER MOTOR INTERFACING

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

A/D AND D/A INTERFACE AND WAVEFORM

24 SQUARE AND CUBE PROGRAM, FIND 2’S

25 UNPACKED BCD TO ASCII

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

To write an assembly language program to perform addition two 16 bit numbers

S.NO ITEM SPECIFICATION QUANTITY

1. MICROPROCESSOR KIR 8086 KIT 1

Get the first number is specific address.

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

PROGRAM FOR ADDITION;

ADDRESS OPCODE LABEL MNEMONICS COMMENT

1000 MOV CX,0000H Initialize counter CX

MOV AX,[1200] Get the first data in AX

MOV BX, [1202] Get the second data in BX

Add the contents of both

100C JNC L1 Check for carry

If carry exists, increment

1013 MOV [1204], AX Store the sum

1016 INT-3 HLT Stop the program

OUTPUT FOR ADDITION:

Thus assembly language programs to perform addition two 16 bit numbers by an 8

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING