MUST SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE

ARCH 82: Planning 3/ URBAN & REGIONAL PLANNING

CHAPTER 6: LANDUSE MAP & PHYSICAL PLANNING
6.0 DEFINITION
Land-use planning
 A branch of urban planning encompassing various disciplines which seek to
order and regulate land use in an efficient and ethical way, thus preventing land-
use conflicts.
 A public policy that designated and regulates land use in order to improve the
community’s physical, economic, social efficiency and well-being that support
local development goals.
 A systematic assessment of land, water potential, land use alternatives,
economic and social conditions in order to;

Three (3) Assessment of Landuse Plan

1. Select and adopt the best land-use options.
2. Needs of people from present to future.
3. Safeguard resources.

6.1 INTRODUCTION
 Governments use land-use planning to manage the development of land within
their jurisdictions.
 In doing so, the governmental unit can plan for the needs of the community while
safeguarding natural resources.
 Often one element of a comprehensive plan, a land-use plan provides a vision for
the future possibilities of development in neighborhoods, districts, cities, or any
defined planning area.
 Land-use planning often leads to land-use regulation, which typically
encompasses zoning.
 Zoning regulates the types of activities that can be accommodated on a given
piece of land, as well as the amount of space devoted to those activities, and the
ways that buildings may be situated and shaped.
 The ambiguous nature of the term “planning”, as it relates to land use, is
historically tied to the practice of zoning. Zoning in the US came about in the late
19th and early 20th centuries to protect the interests of property owners.
 There are several conditions to meet when is the right time for landuse planning
is needed. These are;

Two (2) Landuse Planning Conditions:

a. Need for Change or Act to prevent unwanted change in Landuse

b. Ability or the political will to put plans into effect.

6.2 OBJECTIVES / GOALS:

Landuse planning creates the pre-requisite to achieve landuse type. It sets the motion
for social processes of decision making and consensus building that concerns with the
use and protection of private, communal or public areas.
Three (3) Main Objectives of Landuse Planning
a. Sustainable.
b. Socially and Environmentally Compatible.
c. Socially Desirable and Economically Sound.

1 ARCHT. MARCELINO ENALAS DUMPA. ASST PROF

MUST SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
ARCH 82: Planning 3/ URBAN & REGIONAL PLANNING
CHAPTER 6: LANDUSE MAP & PHYSICAL PLANNING
Three (3) Goals of Land Use Planning

1. Efficiency
- Efficient and productive use of land.
- Return on Capital and Labor Investment
- Greatest benefit from available area.
2. Equity / Acceptability
- Socially acceptable, food security, employment and security income.
- Land re-distribution and improvement.
3. Sustainable
- Combination of production and conservation.
- Meeting the needs of the present and conserve resources for the
future.

6.3 SUSTAINABLE LAND USE

Considered sustainable when it is both socially and environmentally compatible desired
by society, technically viable and makes an economic sense.

Five (5) Components of Sustainable Land-use:

1. Social Justice
- Attention to wide-spread distribution to all kind of benefits.
2. Long-term Natural Resources Sustainability
- Sustained basis of natural living.
- Minimize existing environmental damage and developed suitable
approaches.
3. Acceptance and Social Compatibility
- Desired, supported, accepted applied measures.
- Socially and culturally suitable with local knowledge and capacities.
4. Economic Efficiency
- Long-term security on the economic basis of people living.
- Self-financing and economically justified, contribute to both the
improved living condition and development.
5. Viability
- Sound measures with tolerance level of the local population in
technology, economy and organization.
- Decisions guided by technological understanding and available
resources.

6.3.1 PRINCIPLES OF LAND USE:

Eleven Principles of Land Use Planning (LUP)
1. Local Conditions Oriented for both methods and content.
2. Cultural Viewpoints & Knowledge Build-up to local environment.
3. Traditional Strategies for Solving Problems and Conflicts.
4. Bottom-up process based on self-help and responsibility.
5. Dialogue, negotiation and cooperation.
6. Capacity Improvement process to participants.
7. Transparency
8. Differentiation and Gender approach to stakeholder.

2 ARCHT. MARCELINO ENALAS DUMPA. ASST PROF

MUST SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
ARCH 82: Planning 3/ URBAN & REGIONAL PLANNING
CHAPTER 6: LANDUSE MAP & PHYSICAL PLANNING
9. Interdisciplinary Cooperation
10. Iterative Process: Flexible and Open Reaction Based.
11. Implementation Oriented.

6.3.2 FOCUS OF LAND USE PLANNING:

Four (4) Focus of Land use Planning
a. Planning for People
- People’s need, knowledge, skills, labor and capital
- Alternative against hazardous practices and opportunities for change.
- Regulation to prevent people from pressing reasons bound to fail.
- Local acceptability and local leaders support.
b. Land not the same everywhere
- Capital, labor management skills and technology can be moved to where they
are needed.
- Good information about land resources is essential to land use planning.
c. Technology
- Knowledge of land-use technologies: agronomy, silviculture, livestock
And other means.
- Social and environmental implications to be addressed by the planner.
d. Integration
- Good agricultural land suitable for competing uses.
- Demands for alternative products or uses and opportunities.

6.4 DIFFERENT LEVELS OF PLANNING

Decisions may differ from each level, there is a need for a land-use strategies and
policies, that indicate planning priorities and operational planning to get the work done.
The greater interactions between the three levels the better. The information flow should
be in both directions and the need for the participation of the local people.

Three (3) Levels of Land-use Planning

1. National
- Concern with national goal and resource allocation.
- Land-use policy from different sectors, food production, export crops,
tourism, wildlife conservation, housing and public amenities: roads
and industries.
- Legislation: Land tenure, forest clearance and water rights.
2. District
- Development of new settlement, forest plantations and irrigation
schemes.
- Need for the improved infrastructure: water supply, roads and
marketing facilities.
3. Local
- Local planning village unit, to find the plan easiest for people to fit,
knowledge and contribution.
- Plan drawn by the local people.

6.5 PEOPLE INVOLVE IN PLANNING

Land-use planning involves getting people working together towards common goals.

3 ARCHT. MARCELINO ENALAS DUMPA. ASST PROF

MUST SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
ARCH 82: Planning 3/ URBAN & REGIONAL PLANNING
CHAPTER 6: LANDUSE MAP & PHYSICAL PLANNING
Three (3) Groups of People Involved in Planning

1. Land Users
- People living in the planning area whose livelihood depends wholly or
partly on the land.
- People experience and determination dealing with environment.
- Potential benefits as well as fairness of the planning process.
2. Decision-makers
- Responsible for putting plans into effect at national and district level.
- Government ministers and local council member.
- Guide the planning team on key issues and goals.
- Encourage public participation
3. Planning Team
- Crossing boundaries between disciplines; natural resources,
engineering, agricultural and social sciences.
- Special expertise on the following fields;

Members of the Planning Team:

a. Soil Surveyor
b. Land Evaluation Specialist
c. Agronomist
d. Forester
e. Livestock Specialist
f. Architect/Engineer
g. Economist
h. Sociologist

4 ARCHT. MARCELINO ENALAS DUMPA. ASST PROF

MUST SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
ARCH 82: Planning 3/ URBAN & REGIONAL PLANNING
CHAPTER 6: LANDUSE MAP & PHYSICAL PLANNING
6.6 OVERVIEW OF THE PLANNING PROCESS
Every land use planning project is different. Objectives and local circumstances are
varied, so plan will require a different treatment.

Ten (10) Steps of Land Use Planning Process

1. Establish goals and terms of reference (TOR).
- Find people needs and of the government.
- Agree on the broad goals and objectives of the plan.
2. Work Organization
- Identify activities and select the planning team.
- Draw up schedule of activities and outputs.
- Ensure everyone affected by the plan or will contribute to it.
3. Problem Analysis
- Identify the problems and analyze their uses
- Identify constraint for change.
4. Opportunity Identification
- Identify and draft design for a range of landscape types.
- Achieve plan goals and present options for public discussions.
5. Land Suitability Evaluation
- Establish and match property requirements of land use and physical land
suitability.
6. Alternative Appraisal
- Environmental, economic and social analysis.
- List of favorable and unfavorable alternative courses of action.
7. Best Choice Option
- Hold public and executive discussions of the viable options and
consequences.
- Decide which changes in land-use should be made.
8. Land Use Plan Preparation
- Appropriate land management and selected improvements.
- Draw up policy guidelines, draft legislation.
9. Plan Implementation
- Plan into action
- Planning team should work in conjunction with the implementing agencies.
10. Monitor and Revise Plan
- Progress monitoring of plan towards its goals.
- Modify or Revise plan in the light of experience.

6.7 CONTENTS OF THE LAND USE PLAN

a. Executive Summary
- Summary of goals, proposed land use changes and methods
for plan implementation.
b. Terms of Reference (TOR)
- Area, problems and goals.
c. Land Use Problems
- Land use systems, problems and constraints.
d. Land Use Types & Management.
- Improved system and recommendations for the land area.

5 ARCHT. MARCELINO ENALAS DUMPA. ASST PROF

MUST SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
ARCH 82: Planning 3/ URBAN & REGIONAL PLANNING
CHAPTER 6: LANDUSE MAP & PHYSICAL PLANNING
e. Land Suitability
- Maps, tables and explanatory text showing the physical land
suitability for each land use type.
f. Appraisal of Alternatives
- Environmental analysis, economic and social consequences
for land use changes.
g. Recommended Changes in Land Use
- Change statement in land use, selected together with
reasons for these decisions.
h. Land Use Plan
- Maps and text showing the selected changes in land use,
where they are to be implemented or recommended.
i. Implementation of the Plan
- Plan improvements to be to be put into practice; requirements
for staffing, training, extension and budget.
j. Procedures for Monitoring and Revision
- Degree of the success for the plan to be assessed and
revised.

6 ARCHT. MARCELINO ENALAS DUMPA. ASST PROF