Fluent-Intro 14.5 L02 BoundaryConditionsSolverSettings PDF
Fluent-Intro 14.5 L02 BoundaryConditionsSolverSettings PDF
Fluent-Intro 14.5 L02 BoundaryConditionsSolverSettings PDF
Lecture 2
Boundary Conditions & Solver Settings
Dimitrios Sofialidis
Technical Manager, SimTec Ltd.
Mechanical Engineer, PhD
PRACE Autumn School 2013 - Industry Oriented HPC Simulations, September 21-27,
University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Ljubljana, Slovenia
Introduction to ANSYS
Fluent
© 2012 ANSYS, Inc. September 19, 2013 2 Release 14.5
Introduction
Lecture Theme: Part 1.
Boundary
The problem definition for all Conditions
CFD simulations includes boundary conditions,
cell zone conditions and material properties. The accuracy of the simulation
results depends on defining these properly.
Learning Aims:
You will learn:
• How to define material properties.
• The different boundary condition types in FLUENT and how to use them.
• How to define cell zone conditions in FLUENT including solid zones and
porous media.
• How to specify well–posed boundary conditions.
Learning Objectives:
You will know how to perform these essential steps in setting up a CFD
analysis.
Learning Aims:
You will learn:
• How to define material properties.
• The different boundary condition types in FLUENT and how to use them.
• How to define cell zone conditions in FLUENT including solid zones and
porous media.
• How to specify well–posed boundary conditions.
Learning Objectives:
You will know how to perform these essential steps in setting up a CFD
analysis.
Pref
Pressure Pressure
Prel,max=100,001 Pa Prel,max=1 Pa
Prel,min=99,999 Pa Prel,min=-1 Pa
Pref
e.g. A simulation of a copper heating coil in water e.g. To account for rotational motion, the rotor is
will require a fluid zone and a solid zone Using placed in a rotating domain. The rotor fluid zone
water properties, the equations of flow and heat will use equations in the rotating frame of
transfer will be solved in the fluid zone Using reference. The stator fluid zone will use
copper properties, only the heat transfer equation equations in the stationary frame of reference.
will be solved in the solid zone.
• Optional inputs
– Frame/Mesh Motion.
– Porous region.
– Source terms.
– Laminar region.
– Fixed Values.
– Other.
• Wall.
• Symmetry.
• Axis.
• Periodic.
plate
– Special. plate-shadow
• Inlet/Outlet Vent.
• Intake/Exhaust Fan. inlet
Symmetry
Planes
• Axis Boundary.
– Used at the center line for 2d axisymmetric problems.
– No user inputs required.
– The axis boundary must coincide
with the x–axis.
Axis
• If possible, select inflow and outflow boundary locations and shapes such that
flow either goes in or out normal to the boundaries.
– Typically better convergence.
1 Upstream of manifold.
• Can use uniform profiles
since natural profiles will
develop in the supply pipes. 2
• Requires more elements. 3
2 Nozzle inlet plane.
• Requires accurate velocity
profile data for the air and
fuel.
3 Nozzle outlet plane. Nozzle
• Requires accurate velocity 1 Manifold box
profile data and accurate
profile data for the mixture
fractions of air and fuel.
Fuel
Introduction Material Properties Cell Zone Conditions Boundary Conditions Summary
© 2012 ANSYS, Inc. September 19, 2013 28 Release 14.5
Specifying Well Posed Boundary Conditions
• When there is 1 Inlet and 1 Outlet:
– Most Robust: Velocity at inlet with static pressure at outlet (Velocity Inlet :: Pressure Outlet).
• The inlet total pressure is an implicit result of the prediction.
– Robust: Mass flow rate at inlet with static pressure at outlet (Mass Flow Inlet :: Pressure Outlet).
• The total pressure at the inlet will be adjusted to set the given mass flow.
– Sensitive to Initial Guess: Total pressure at inlet with static pressure at outlet (Pressure Inlet ::
Pressure Outlet).
• The system mass flow is part of the solution.
– Very Unreliable:
• Total pressure or mass flow rate at inlet with Outflow boundary at outlet (Pressure Inlet ::
Outflow or Mass Flow Inlet :: Outflow).
– This combination should not be used, because the static pressure level is not fixed.
– Mass Flow Inlet :: Outflow combination is ok if the density is constant.
• Velocity at inlet and velocity at outlet – system is numerically unstable.
Learning Objectives:
You will know how to perform these essential steps in setting up a CFD
analysis.
Learning Objectives:
You will be able to choose appropriate solver settings for your CFD
simulation and be able to monitor and judge solution convergence.
Solve U–Momentum
Solve Energy
Solve Species
• The pressure–based coupled solver is applicable for most flows, and yields
superior performance to the standard (segregated) pressure–based solver.
– SIMPLE–Consistent (SIMPLEC).
• Allows faster convergence than SIMPLE for simple problems (allow high under–relaxation
factors) (e.g., laminar flows with no physical models employed).
– Pressure–Implicit with Splitting of Operators (PISO).
• Useful for unsteady flow problems or for meshes containing cells with higher than average
skewness.
– Fractional Step Method (FSM) for unsteady flows only.
• Used with the NITA scheme; similar characteristics as PISO (used in LES for example).
Pseudo–transient:
Better convergence
for meshes with
• Pseudo time step is determined from velocity and domain large aspect ratio
size. cells.
• User–specified: Characteristic physical time is chosen.
Introduction Solver Theory Initialization Convergence Summary
© 2012 ANSYS, Inc. September 19, 2013 40 Release 14.5
Pressure–Based Coupled Solver: Convergence
• Pressure based coupled solver with default settings.
Rotating propeller 1500 rpm. SIMPLE: ~2250 iterations Coupled: ~120 iterations
1st–Order Upwind
• If b = 0 we get the 1st–Order–Upwind convection scheme, Scheme
i.e. no correction. b = 0.
– This is robust but only 1st–Order accurate.
– Sometimes useful for initial runs.
2nd–Order
• If b = 1 we get the 2nd–Order–Upwind convection Scheme
Scheme, i.e. with correction. b=1.00.
– Additional Limiters must be added to guarantee the solution is
bounded (fC0<ff<fC1).
QUICK
• The QUICK Resolution scheme 'maximizes' b throughout Resolution
the flow domain while keeping the solution bounded. Scheme.
Isentropic Efficiency
Residuals
• Local Parallel.
– Shared Memory.
• Distributed Parallel.
– Distributed Memory.