Water-Plumbing Lect 1
Water-Plumbing Lect 1
Water-Plumbing Lect 1
SS SOIL STACK
WS WASTE STACK
VS VENT STACK
V VENT
SV STACK VENT
RW RAIN WATER
RWS RAIN WATER STACK
CW COLD WATER
A COMPRESSED AIR
V VACUUM
FOS FUEL OIL SUPPLY
CI CAST IRON PIPE
LAV LAVATORY
S SINK
SH SHOWER
KS KITCHEN SINK
BT BATHTUB
DF DRINKING FOUNTAIN
HB HOSE BIB
FT FLASH TANK
FV FLASH VALVE
CO CLEANOUT
MH MANHOLE
FHC FIRE HOSE CABINET
WS WATER SOFTNER
WH WATER HEATER
FA FROM ABOVE
TB TO BELOW
IW IN WALL
UT UNDER TILE
UG UNDER GROUND
LL LOW LEVEL
HL HIGH LEVEL
UP UP
DN DOWN
FM FROM
Block B 17 floors
B6
B1
B2 B4
Riser 2 B5
B3
Ground floor
Water
storage tanks
Basement floor
HOW TO READ AND DRAW THE
WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
INSIDE THE FLAT .
EXAMPLE OF WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM INSIDE
BATHROOM – GALV. STEEL PIPES
DETAIL OF WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM INSIDE
BATHROOM – P.P.R PIPES
DETAIL OF WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM INSIDE
BATHROOM – PEX OR PEX –AL-PEX PIPES
Solution of a ,b & c
Design Of W.D.
Systems
Load Values
Pressure requirement
Pipe sizing
Pump selection
© Max Zornada (2002)
Slide 25
No pumps
Distribution systems
•Direct supply
system:
conveys water
directly from
water mains to
the point of
usage without
any transit
water storage
tanks
•Indirect
supply system:
conveys
water from
water mains
to the point of
usage through
a transit
water storage
tank
Indirect
water supply
to flats
Direct water
supply to
flats
Distribution Systems
Buildings above 20 floors
Pressure vessel
Pressure Reducer Break- pressure ( Branch water supply ) Direct supply ( Booster )
Break -Pressure reservoires
or frequency inverter
Muli-pipes system
Underground Tank
Irrigation
Domestic water storage in buildings
1-Concrete tanks.
2-Galvanized tanks.
3- PPr tanks. ( most popular these days)
4- Fiberglass storage Tanks
Concrete Roof tanks
Galvanized Roof tanks
Ref [4]
P.P.R. Roof tanks
Riser diagram
Riser diagram of the present project
Water tanks requirements
(for a gravity supply)
A water storage cistern shall be
fitted with:
z Ball valve
z Gate valve at the inlet (a gravity supply only)
z An automatic control switch and without any stop valve
in the case of a pumped supply.
z Gate valve at outlet pipe .
z drain-off pipe properly plugged or with control valve
(adequate means to prevent any unauthorized operation)
z Overflow pipe
Design recommendations
&
Calculations
Fixture-Unit Computations
Residences 35-50
n
Q = K . ∑ qi
Cold Hot
(l/s)
Water Closet 0.1 ---
Lavatory 0.1 0.1 i =1
Bathtub 0.35 0.35 Q = Q1 + Q2 + Q3 + Q4
Shower 0.25 0.25
Kitchen Sink 0.2 0.2 1
K= 0.2 ≤ K ≤ 1
Bidet 0.1 0.1 x −1
K = Coefficient of simultaneous
x = Number of units
K = 1 ( case of Sport center )
Probability of Use:
If four risers pipe are used to supply water for the whole
building The probable flow rate is determined as
follows: Assuming 24 floors each floor has 4 identical
apartments As calculated before the probable water
demand for each apartment is 26 F.U’S , therefore 24
x 26 x 4 = 2496 F.U’S let say 2500 FU’s.
Inter Graph-1 with a value of 2500 FU and read the
corresponding probable water demand for whole building
which is ≅ 380 gpm . Since we have four risers the
total gpm is divided by 4 , that will be 95 gpm.
Each riser will be sized based on this value i.e. 95 gpm.
D=2.1/2 “
D
How to use the pipe flow-chart
The use of the pipe flow chart is best presented by an
example : A fairly rough steel pipe is used to deliver 20 gpm
of water at ordinary temperature with a maximum allowed
pressure drop of 5Psi/100 ft .What is the recommended
pipe size that can be used ?
Solution : Enter the Figure along the abscissa with the value
of 5 Psi/100 ft , move upward to the ordinate where QV is 20
gpm .From the intersection ; read the values of ( D )and the
corresponding flow velocity ( V ) .
Now it is clear that the intersection lies between 1.1/4” and
1” diameter . If the 1 in pipe is used , the pressure drop will
be 15 Psi/100 ft which is greater than the given value . This s
is unacceptable. If the 1.1/4” pipe is used , the pressure
drop will be 4 Psi/100 ft which is less than the maximum
allowed pressure drop .I would recommend D=1.1/4” with a flow
velocity less than 3 m/s. The flow velocity is about 1.35 m/s
.
Size of Principal Branches and Risers
D6 ? D1 ?
1.25 "
Hot water 4 Pressure relief valve Inlet water flow ?
D2 ?
D5 ?
H.W.
Equal friction loss
Open system
Sizing the various pipes of the net work
3/4 of the total fixture units are used for cold water
H.W.
Minimum size of fixture supply pipe
The diameters of fixture supply pipes should not be less than
sizes in table below . The fixture supply pipe should terminate
not more than 30 inch (0.762 m), from the point of connection
to the fixture.
Fixture Minimum size of pipe
Bathtub "½
Drinking fountain "3/8
Dishwashing machine "½
Lavatory "3/8
single head-Shower "½
flushing rim-Shower "¾
flush tank-Urinal "½
in flush valve1-Urinal "¾
flush valve-Water closet "1
flush tank-Water closet "½
Ref [2]
General remarks on the installation of water pipes
A rule of thumb is that not more than two fixture should be served by a single ½” branch
Pressure Requirements
N.P.Code USA
Ref [8]
Pressure Required At The Inlet Of each Flat
As it well known the Hydrostatic pressure @ shut-off valve is given by :
P = γ×h
Where γ is the specific weight kN/m3 & h is the pressure head in m
The maximum pressure at the inlet of the flat is Limited to 30 m which is
about 2.9 bar , that , avoid excessive pressures
If the pressure is more than 2.9 Bar :
You may need break-pressure tank or pressure reducing valve.
The available pressure at the inlet of the flat, has to overcome the pressure loss
due to pipe friction and fittings of the longest branch and have a surplus pressure
to operates the most critical fixture ( for example Dish washer or shower).
Ref [4]
The hydrostatic pressure available at each shut-off valve.
R1 R2 R3 R4
ELECTRICFLOATVALVE ELECTRICFLOATVALVE
BLOCK-B
UPPERDOMESTICWATERTANK
BLOCKB BLOCK-B
UPPERDOMESTICWATERTANK
2 * 10000 litres ( P.ETANKS) 2 * 10000 litres ( P.ETANKS)
3" 3"
2 1/2" FROMD.W.P-B
4" F.F.P
4" F.F.P
UPPERROOF
4" C.W.P 4" C.W.P
3" C.W.P
3" C.W.P
ROOF
3" C.W.P 3" C.W.P
1 1/4" C.W.P 1" C.W.P 4" C.W.P 1" C.W.P 1 1/4" C.W.P
F.F.P
F.F.P
24TH. FLOOR
Riser diagram
3" C.W.P 3" C.W.P 3" C.W.P 3" C.W.P
23RD. FLOOR
3" C.W.P
1" C.W.P
3" C.W.P
1" C.W.P
3" C.W.P
1" C.W.P
22ND. FLOOR
21ST. FLOOR
20TH. FLOOR
19TH. FLOOR
D.W.P.L
3" C.W.P 2 1/2" C.W.P 2 1/2" C.W.P 3" C.W.P
18TH. FLOOR
17TH. FLOOR
16TH. FLOOR
15TH. FLOOR
13TH. FLOOR
12TH. FLOOR
10TH. FLOOR
D.W.P.L
2" C.W.P 2" C.W.P 2" C.W.P 2" C.W.P
7TH. FLOOR
6TH. FLOOR
5TH. FLOOR
4TH. FLOOR
3RD. FLOOR
2ND. FLOOR
D.W.P.L
1 1/4" C.W.P 1 1/4" C.W.P
1ST. FLOOR
1"
3/4" C.W.P
3/4" C.W.P
2 1/2" DOMESTICWATERPUMPINGLINE
1" G.S.P 1" GENERALSERVICEPIPE
GRD. FLOOR
1 1/4" WELLWATERPIPE
F.H.C
POTABLEWATERINCOMINGPIPE D.W.P.L
Indirect pumpingsystem
Ref [4]
1" C.W.P 1" C.W.P
1" C.W.P 1" C.W.P
MECH.ROOM2
11/2" C.W.P 11/4" C.W.P 11/4" C.W.P 11/2" C.W.P
UPPERDOMESTICWATERTANK
FLOATVALVE 3*10000litres ( P.ETANKS)
19TH. FLOOR
FLOATVALVE
16TH. FLOOR
15TH. FLOOR
R1 R2 R3 R4
ELECTRICFLOATVALVE ELECTRICFLOATVALVE
BLOCK-B
UPPERDOMESTICWATERTANK
BLOCKB BLOCK-B
UPPERDOMESTICWATERTANK
2* 7500litres ( P.ETANKS) 2* 7500litres ( P.ETANKS)
2 "FROMD.W.P-B
3" 3" 4" F.F.P
MECH.ROOM1
UPPERROOF
BOOSTERUNIT(TYPR1 - R4) 4"C.W.P 4"C.W.P
PUMPS- 9m3/HR@15mHEAD 3"C.W.P
ONESTANDBYWITHPRESSURETANK200L 3"C.W.P
ROOF
BOOSTERUNIT(TYPR2 - R3)
PUMPS- 6.8m3/HR@15mHEAD
24TH. FLOOR
Riser diagram
ONESTANDBYWITHPRESSURETANK200L
22ND. FLOOR
21ST. FLOOR
20TH. FLOOR
UPPERDOMESTICWATERTANK
11/4" C.W.P 4 * 10000 litres ( P.ETANKS)
1 1/4" C.W.P
1 1/2"C.W.P 1 1/2"C.W.P
17TH. FLOOR
16TH. FLOOR
15TH. FLOOR
13TH. FLOOR
3"
3" 3"
10TH. FLOOR
D.W.P.L
1 1/2" C.W.P 1 1/2"C.W.P 11/2" C.W.P 1 1/2" C.W.P
9TH. FLOOR
8TH. FLOOR
7TH. FLOOR
6TH. FLOOR
5TH. FLOOR
4TH. FLOOR
3RD. FLOOR
2ND. FLOOR
1ST. FLOOR
2 1/2" DOMESTICWATERPUMPINGLINE
2" C.W.P
1 1/2" C.W.P 1 1/2" GENERALSERVICEPIPE
1 1/4" WELLWATERPIPE
POTABLEWATERFROMMAINCITY
3" DOMESTICWATERPUMPINGSTATIOND.W.P-B
BLOCK-BLOWERDOMESTICWATERTANK 3"
20 m3/HR@95 mEACH
DP-pump
Ref [4]
PRV
Pressure Reducer Valve PRV
The head loss due to pipe friction
& fittings
Review your “lecture notes” .Ref [5] Chap.9-10
Or refer to [10]
Now !!
After completing the above chapters you should be able to :
1- Calculate the daily water requirement for the given project & the
capacity of the overhead & underground tanks.
2- Recognize the drawing of water distribution system inside the flat.
3- Selecting the type of the riser diagram i.e. Direct or indirect
water supply. Sizing the riser diagram. Sizing the pipes inside the
bathrooms etc..
4- Justified if the hydrostatic pressure at the inlet of the flat is
enough to overcome losses + the surplus pressure to operates the
most critical fixture .
5- Do we need a booster pump for top roof?
6-Do we need a break -pressure tank or pressure reducing valve ?
6-Calculate :
For example :
Estimated Flow rate Q = 30 L/s & Head 25 m
The recommended flow & head will be :
Q= 30L/s +5% , & H =25m +10%
Design of pumping supply system to a
building ( con’t)
η
The motor power of the pump can be determined
by dividing water power by the overall pump
efficiency.
γ × hA × QV
Pump Motor Power =
η0
z Hall, F., 1994. Building Services and Equipment,
3rd ed., Vol. 1 ,2 ,3 & 4
z Moss, K. J., 1996. Heating and Water
Services Design in Buildings.
z Mechanical & electrical equipment for buildings
–by Stein/Reynolds, Ninth edition, John Wiley,
2000.
z Practical Plumbing Engineering, Cyril M.Harris,
ASPE,1998.
z Upland engineering, Mechanical consulting
office, Dr. Ali Hammoud.
QUESTIONS ????