Ca~tainROOJ-Kewpel's

Zdition o f tAe Puuhtu Teat Book#,

No. 4.
TRANSLATION
OF THE

THE HISTORY OF SULTAN MAHMUD OF CHAZNI

(The text-book for the Higher Standard Examination)
BY

Captain G. ROOS-KEPPEL,
POLITICAL OFFICER, KHYBER PASS,
President, Central Committee of Examination in Pushtu,
AND

QAZl ABDUL QHANl KHAN,

Son of
QAZl M A H M U D KHAN,
JKUNSHI OF PESIIAWAB.

PUNTED AT THE ANGLO-SAN6EBIT PBE8Su

19OSu
Price 2 4 m O .
 PREFACE.

HAVING
been authorized by the Punjab Govern-
ment to produce a new edition of the Ganj-i-Pakhtu
and Tarikh-i-Mahrnud-i-G11az11uvi, the text-books
for the Lower and Higher, Standard Examinations
in Pushtu, I have produced translations of each in
the hope that a literal translation a t a low price will
be of use to students of the language.
As the translation adheres to the text as literally
as possible, it is necessarily clumsy in style, and in
order not to confuse the translation with notes only
such words have been interpolated as are required
to render the sense intelligible. These are in
brackets. The pages noted in the margin refer to
the text, both of the K~lid-i-Afghaniand of my
edition of Ganj-i-Pakhtu and Tarikh-iSultan Mah-
mud-i- Ghaznavi.

G. ROOS-KEPPEL,
CAPTAIN,
 THEcollectors of histories have, tvith auspicious pens, Page 2.
thus written on the pages of their own works, bhab Sultan '

Mahmud of Ghazni was a Kiog who had the fcrtune to be

fortunate (both) in (matters of) religion and of '(bhie world),
and bhe fame of his justico and even-handedness had spread
on all sides,
And in the work of religious war Ila llnd planted the
banners of Islam and had pulled up the roots of tjrants.'
When he used to start for war, you would say, " This
musb be a flood which flows equally over hill and dale ";and
when he used to eeab himself upon (hie) throne, a man would
think, " This musb indeed be the sun whose light shines on
greab and small (lib. the noblee and the common peoplo).
Wiadom wan his, and power and good fortune:
On account of all there he was worthy of a crown and throne.
Bub in some books ib has been seen thab this Kiog woe page 8 .
very avacicioue, 5ub (the accuaotion) regardiog avarice
appears to be beyond (the lirnite of) juslice, because to
subdue so many countries and to cuuee so many learned men
and famous (poets) to sit in (his) assembly cannot be succese-
fully done wichoub giving away wealth and withoub bestow-
ing riches.
And i t ie an evident facb that without (counting) fixed
allo~anceehe used to give four lakhs of rupees (a year) b~
deserving people, and do many kiudneeeee to them and oon-
fer advantages on everyone,
 Yes! i f . t h ~ s etwo ,$binge are the oause of the King
(having a) bad name, it may be eo. One, that b e . hurb the
feelings of.Firdoei the poeb, the otlier, that towards the end
of his life he used to take money from (hie) people (by
.
force.)
I t is eaid thab bhe King irl outward appearanoe wee nob .
beautiful. One day he looked in a mirror and hie face
appeared to him to be ugly, eo he eaid .to a minieter (who I
Was there), People say that gazing on tlle King's face
improves the eighb, and my complextion ie such that by
looking a t it a man'e heart becomes sorrowful."
The minister eaid to him, " What necessity is there fur
you to beautify your appearance; it ie befititng that you should
make your habite beautiful so bhut everyone 'mey love you."
That saying pleased the inggreably, and he acted upon
it, and in good habits he reached much a limit (of goodoeae)
thab he eurpaese'd all (other) Kings. The father of $he King '
was the Amir Sabaktagin, and his mother wae the daughter
of a noble of Zabalietan, for this reaeon he is (sometimes)
called "Zabali," as Firdoei the poet has praised him, eaying,
Page 4. The Zabali Sultau Matmnd is such an ocean
That ib shore no one har seen anywhere.
A peari from it did not come into my hand :
The ocean ia good, but 1 complain of my fate.
b I

On the night of the Aehura in the year of the Hegira

357 he was born, and Jirjani, has written iu (hie) book the
Minhej-us-Saraj, that the good fortune of Sultan Mahn~ud
wae equal to the good fortune of the Lord of the Faith of
Ielam, and a momenb before hie birth the Amir Sabaktagin
e a r in a'dream that from their hearth a great tree sprang
up, eo (great) that the whole world could find place beneath
it8 shadow, When he awoke from eleep, he wee thinking
of its interpretation, whon scddenly some ane broughb him
 bhe tidings saying, Be you fortunate, a e6n ie born to you?
The Amir Sabakbagin was very pleaeed; and on scwunb 'of
that auepicioue dream Ile gave hie sol1 tlie name of Aftrl~mud
'
(i.e., the Fortunate Ot~e),and bccamo liopeful of (hie attain-
iog) high rank and honour.
Then in a little time the tplanb of hie good for14une
gave such a ehade that many people eat under its ehade, ae
these couplets of Firdoei bear testimony to the fact.
1 In the reign of Mahmud the Qhazi,the King.
The eheep and the wolf drink water in one place.
When a boy is first born of his mother
I n hie cradle he mentions the name of Mahmud.
At bbat time, by order of the Amir Sabaktagin, he de- Pwb.
etroyed the temple (lit. idol house) of the Hirldue whicli was
'
on the bank of the river Sodra and made hie fame (lib. good
forbune) equal to the fame of the Lord of the Faith (of
, Ielaml.
And in the first year of hie reign a mine of gold it1 the
form of a tree appeared from the ground in Seietan, and
however much one miglit dig in i t (nothing but) pure good
would come out of it, and i t wae three parde round. After-
wards in the time of Sultan Mae'ud that mine was loeb by
reaeon of an earthquake.
Again, when the Sultan was free from hie war against
I .
hie brother, he eet hie face to Ballch ; and on accounb of this,
- t h a t the Governorship of Khorasan (which) wae hie by
right, had been enlrustcd to (one) Baktoean, he eeut a
meesenger to Bokl~arato Amir Maneur and exelpined hie
. diseatiefaation tc him.
H e gave answer, '11have given you the Qovernorehip
of Balkh and Tarmiz and Herat, but Boktczan ie a well-
wishing man, and wi~hout reason to remove him and to
diemies him from offioe ia not proper,
 Be (i.e., Sultan Mahmud) eenb Ab-ul-Haeean of Jammu
wibh many preeente to Bokbara, and eaid to Amir Mansur,
'(1 hope that yo11 will not foul the spring of friendelrip and
sincerity.,with the earth and rubbish of indifference, and
thab you will not forgeb the rights of I and of my father
which are iccumbenb on you, thab the thread of friendship
may nob be torn (aeuuder) and the foundatiorle of submission
may nob be undermind."
PAS 6. When Ab-ul-Haasan of ~ a m m ' urcnclled Bukhara, Amir
Mansur decided to make him a minister of his own, and he
gave no reply to the Sultan'e message.
Sultan Mahmud started in the direobion of Clisbapur,
and when,~aktozan ucderetood his objcct, he wenb in an-
other direction and eeub a petition (relating tlle whole) of
hie case tq Bokhara.
Amir Mansur waa inloxicatid with the prida and igno-
rance and vsnity of youth. He colltcted his force and
staited for Khorasan and rested nowhere till (he reached)
Sarkhae. . Although the Sultan knew well thab Amir
Mansur could nob cope with him, yet he feared the reproach
and ecandal of faithleeenese,'ei, he left Niehapur to him and
wenb to Murghab.
Ib 'hdppened thab Baktozan, wit11 the connivance of
Faik, behaved .treacherously ; he eeized Amir Mnneilr and
pierced his eyes with a needle and blinded him, arll seated
on the throne hie younger brother, whoee namo was Abd-ul-
Malik, and 'he himself feared the Sultan (and) fled to
Merv.
Tb,e Sultan started after him and reached Merv.
Baktozan and E'aik chose a ruinous couraa and gave
battle to Bhe Sultan in the plaio, bub vict0r.y waa in the
 deatiny of bhe Sulban, Faik book Abd-ul-Malik with him
end wenb to Bokhara, and Baktozan fled to Niohapur, and
some time after he again wenb to Bokhara to collect hie
diepereed army. @

I t chanced that at this time Faik fell ill and. died, and pager,
Ilak Khan went from Kashgar to Bokhara and slewl Abd-ul-
: . Malik with hie dependants and exterminated them, and the
power of the dynaety of SamanItwhich bad existed for six
ecore years and eigbb, aame to its end.
Anti Sultan Mahmud became engaged in the govera-
merit of Balkh and Rhorusan. And wben (the eplendour of)
his reign was noised to the four quarters of the world, the
Caliph of Bagdad, who was known a8 Al-Kadir-Billah-Abbaei,
'
eenb a robe of honour of, greab vslue to the Sultan, euch
robe of honour as no king had ever senb to another king.
Then in the year 390 of the Hegira, in tho month of
Miana, he went from Balkh to Herab and from Herat to
S e i e t a ~ and
, subjected to hie order8 Hanif-ben-i-Ahmed,
the Clovernor of thab place, then he reached Clbazni. And
aboilt that time he stnrted for Hindustan and there captured
'
a fow fortresse~and then returned. In such a way did he
spread the bedding of Justice on the spacious ground thab
, love to him was born in tlie hearts of aH.
And wben Ilak Ichan wibh one blew cleared Mawar-ul-
. Nahr of the descendants of Saman, he senb a letter of victory ,
and conqueeb to bhe Sultan and congratulated him on (hie
accession to) the kingdom of Kborasan. For tbis reaeon a
- firm friendship wae engendered between the two kings.
And Sultan hiahmud sent one Ab-ul-Taiab, whoee name
was Sahnl (who) waa the son of Suleman bfaluki, and (who)
wae the Preacher of the Tradibione of the Propheb, se' an
envoy bo Ilak Khan in order to arrange for the marriage of ~ s g ~ t 8 ,
 one of his princeeiee; And he e b b : wibh him various de-
mriptiona (of preeente such ae) 'eapphires and coetly rubiee'
and necklaces of pearle, and egge of ambergrie, and veaeele of
gold and silver filled with scents c\nd camphor, and obher pre-
eente froin Hinduetan, plnnte of aloes, and watered swords,
and 'war elephants capnrieoned and equipped so thab the
eyee of the spectatore would become dazzled, and swift horses
. .with golden eaddlee on tlle~n.
When the Imam Ab-ul-Taiab reached the land of 'Turd
keetau, the people of hat couatry, w!m 11ad mostly become
Mueelmane iu the time of Iluk Khan, dloned him muoh
respeob and honour and politeness.
And he wee detained a t Orkand until Ilak Ellan gave
permieeion for an audience, After this he brought into the
King's preeence that pearl after which he had dived in the
eea of Turkestan, together with tile coetly goods of thab
country, 'wibh pure gold and silver, and with slave girls from
Khita and the'milk faced onee of, K h ~ l a n ,together with
ermiue and eables, together with obtler presente. Aftsr thab
for a long lime friendellip and trffectiorr increaeed between
the Sultan and Ilek Khan, uulil by reason, of the evil ege of
bhe time and through the exerlions of slanderers their friend-
ehip and affection wee ohangod into enmity and malice, ss ,
will ehortly be recounted, if it please God Almighty.
And Sultan Mahmud, on account of this that he had said .
Page 9.
that " whenever I am rit. leisure from the affairs of my king-
dom" I willepend most of my lime io going to Hindustan and
wage a Holy War,determined in the month of the leeeer I d
in the year 391 of the Hegira, to etab out from Ghazni for
Eindwbsn, and came to Peeharar with ten thoueand troopers.
And Jaipal came and prepared to fighb him with twelve thou*
!
, , a n d mounted men, thirty bboueend infanbry, and three

I
1
 hundred elephnnbs, pnd joined battle mith him on Monday,
bhe 8th of the moothof ~asian-m
., us la. in,, in the ye&. 393. of'
2 . .,

- the Hegira. . ,
, .
,

Sultan Mahmud behaved bravely and ,vicbpry fell to him, . .

RO he become famous as a G hazi ; and he aaptured Jaipel
, , , ,

mith fifteen men,.who were some his ,sons nnd .some his
relations, and lie killed five t1,ousand Hindus and brougbt
back much plunder. Aud he took fro,* the' neck. i f tho?;
. ,
prisoners eixteen necklacea, and those neeklsies are callel
i n the Hindi language '' Mala," and people fined the prim
of each necklace aE one lac . and. .eighty .
thousand gold
mohure. '

Then the Kinfi wenb, from Peehawar , to . ~ h a n d ahnd ...

,brought that country (also) usder hie rple.
And as soor) as it was spring he pardoned Jaipnlund the
other prisoners, nfter they had ngroed tq pay hitn tribute, PI^
released them froin imprisonment, And Ile killed mrr~~y
pomerft~lPathane, and made some his servants and took hem,
with him to Ghazoi.

I
. The cuetotn of the Hindus is auy rnja who i~ twice pagelo,
defeated by the Musalmane, or taken prisoner, is not again fit
to rule, and hie sin clrnnot be expiated without fire. So fqr
this reason Jaipal made hi. son, wl1u8e name was A s a u d p J ,
king and threw I~imeelfinto a fire lrpd w a ~burut. Bud
Saltan Mahmud in the month of Haesan-Huesain, in the year
393 of the Hagira, went ngaiu bo Seistan and that Lime '
he
2 -
brought Hanif to Ghazui. . .
I
Then again a desire for Hinduetan took birth in his
heart. In the year 395 of the Hegiru he started iu bhe
direction of the city named Bbatis, and when be hid
bravereed the boundaries of Mulban be,camped there. Apd
ie tbeb oiby there wae 80 greab s forb tbab the bird vulbuce
 oould not reach ite eummit, and round it there WM such a
moat tilab the eight of the etrongeet eighted could not reach
its bobtom. The narne of the r ~ j of a that place w6e Baji
h, and because of hie mauy elephants and troops he wcur
ao"proud that Ireither did he care for the noblee of Amir
.
Sabaktsgin, uor did l i ~ a u b r n i tto Jaipul.
When Sultari Mahm:ld iri order to crush him led hie
army out, he aeeembled liis troops and drew i t u p in line8
parrllel to be army of Ielilm. The t\vo u m i e e fought
illgelher for ~lrrettd~r!r, bur tlie bluenlmnns appeared to the
P i u g to weaken; so OII ~ l i of 4 ~ u r tday
h he gave an order,
'"l'o-day will be the royal brittle, let old and ')oung,
servants and followers all equip tliemeelves, eo that they
may be preaent on the field (cf battle) to fight for Faith. "
A ~ i dwhen Roj,r Baji RROlearnt bliie plan, he wenb to
hie idol holleo and proetrated himeelf before the idole and
begged help from them, and with noiee and coercion he drove
(all) the Hindue out of the city, uud they placed themselves
on the field of baltle.
Then the n ~ ~ b l of e r Idam et0reok their haode to their
sword# and epenre slid all tngether charged the iufidele.
From dawn till ~ u n e e they t folrght together, and on every ride
mound8 o f dead were etandiug and streanle of blood mere
H ~ w i ~ i but
g , r i t ) sign of tveakneee sVaa vieible on either eide.
The Saltnli the11 rnieed hi^ I~nnda to the preeence of
Qod, nlid he brought the holy soul of the Prophrt, on
whom be peace, as hia it~terceseorand himself charged into
the midst of the (enemy's) army. H e broke the infidel
t beeieged Rnji Rso arid gave 'ordere to fill 11p tDhe
h o ~ nnd
moat.
When he had nearly filled up the moat with etonee,
olods of earbb, tbornbaehee, and ebrube, Baji Rao was
 aonfounded. He lefb his army in the fighb end together
with a few special men catue down from tllra fort pad 'fled
to a jungle among Lhe foreeta or1 the banks of he Ilkdue.
When thq Sultan heard of t,l~iehe sent R forcs of brave
- soldicre after him snd they eiirrounded him in thab very
jungle. When Bsji Rao coi11d find no way of escape he E'W12*
quickly drew a dagger from hie belt atid struck ia with
/
I
greab fury into hie breast. Tne Glrazie crme up with hiln,
bbey cut off hia head and W U U ~ off
I w i ~ h ill Lo the Sulten,
and with their unepariug swurde they struck lo the grouud
the heads of the compatlioua of Baji Rao e ~ r dmade rr heavy
slaughter.
. Eigbty elephants and vleves uud muc11 plunder aud
property came iuto ~lleirIlauds, aud thub city togotber witlr
the surrounding courrlry acknowledged the rulc of the
-u
Sultan, and he wit11 victory aud contlaesl, relurned t o Gbazui.
Then again in the year 396 of the Hegira tho Sulieu
decided to subdoe Alltlltat~,aud he gave ordera to the lradere
of the army eajiug, "Sheikh Halnid Locli, Governor ol'
Multan, used to he loyul to Amir S a b u k t a g i ~a~r ~ dwould I I O ~
free himself from his service, but after him Iris grandson,
.. Ab-ul-Fateb, wllose name W ~ L Dvnd,
I tlre eorl of Nuoir, tile
son of Sheikh Hamid, and wl~owag a l~eretic,a t firet behav-
ed himself according to the lltrbit of his father and grand-
fether cod couuted him~elfamong l l ~ servants
e of tile Sultan,
'
but when the Sultan'rl urruy WBLI occupied nt Bt~o~icr bad
- news was heard of him ond iu~properdeeds were commenced
to be done by him."
The King that year, by reaeon of eome d e e i g ~(prehnd-
~
ed to) take no notice and eaid uotl~ing, but I I C X ~ y e $ - he
' ' " , ,
dbfierrnined'to teke Me revohgb.
"

,
Page 13, Ib sppeare from the writirrge of the Zain-ul-Akhbar thsb
il) order that he should tnieu:iderstnnd (Iris intention), h e
Iefb thab road and wenb by another road, And Anandpal,
lrori of Jaipnl, wae stationed or1 the road to stop the paeeage

of he 1Cio;;'a armjS, but ha aab crushed (and) fled to

+ . *
Caehmere. Atrd i t is said in the Iiie'tibry of Alfi that a t the
timo ~vlie~i Ab-ul-Fateh learnt uf theJ, coming of the Sultan
he eent a man to Aoandpal and aeked him for help.
Anandpal ;in order) to assist Ab-ul-Frrteh, went from
Lahore to Peehawar arid set~ta few (of hie) noblce on shead
to obstruot the road of the Sultan, in order thab the Sultan
should be prevented from marching to Mnlten.
T l ~ eKiug ill great wrath gave ordere to hie army to
deetrt~ythe cities of Annudpal. The army attacked eimul-
taueou~lyaud threw into cor~frisioutlie nublee of Anaod pal
it, Peehawar. Aud when A I I ~ ~ I I1ear11~P R ~ thiu he fled, and
thebarmy of the Sullau was still thus purs~lingtrim when he
reoehed the limite of Sodrn oil tlie borlkv of the Chenab,
w d then Ire gob frightened (and) turned hie face to Cash-
mere. Tlre Sultan did uot go after him (bub) started for
Multen for his owu stiairs,
When Abeul-Fateh saw tllat the raja8 of India col~lddo
notbiog, he elrut lrimself (und hie followers) up in a forb
and made,(lih, displeyed) entreatiee arid excuaee, and pro-
mieed thab year by year he would eend twenty tholieand gold
molrure for (die King'a) service urrd would promulgate the
lawe of Lte Shcriat a ~ renounce
~ d the religiou of the heretics.
Pagc 1.1. Tile Sultuu beuieged Blultan for eome days, but on thio peacs
he gave him H binditrg pro~iiiuuand pardoned thc Governor
of b I ~ ~ l t u t ~Again,
. when hu was (occupied) in preparutionli
lor hi3 return, i t chanced that envoge from Arsalun Jazib,
who wae Quveroor of Herab, reuohed him and informed the
SuIban of the (advance of the) army of Ilak Kbau, The
Snltaa with all haste entrusted the atieirs of ~ h a b i n d ato
Sakpal, who wne the son of R (certain) raja of Hinduetan, and
a t the hands of Abrt Ali Samjuri hnd become a Mueelman,
and was also named Abuur, slid he (t~iluself)weut to Ghazni.
And the accorlnt of the cane of Ilak Khan W R E thr~a:For
a long time the Sultan 811d Ilnk Khan were ae friendly 88
the ties of father-in-law and s,,n-il~-law (betitted) to elrch an
estenb a# has ~lrelidybee11 nlentioned, t ~ r ~ t i lon , a c c o u ~ ~uft
the rnirrchief of i n l r i g l w a114 by reasoti of the efforts of
slanderers that frieadal~ipwiis cI~~rngt.tliuto e n l n i t ~ .
And when the Sriltau started t o w ~ r d eMultau aud there
were no warriors (lit. wreetlercr) lefc iu the plains of IChoreeau,
Ilak Khan eaw his opportul~it~y (lit founcl leisure) a d deter-
miued to subdue tlltrt corllrtry. He selrt Yiyew~shtegin,
who was the commat~derof l ~ i surmy, with H greab ertny bo
Khorasan, aud he uppoilrted Jafertegiu as Governor iu the
capital of Balkh. A ~ J ~Jazib, A I ~Govert~orof Berat, learnt
of thie occurrence nr~d\\.eat from Heret to Cihazni in order l B t k u e , ~ .
to protect the tllrone of rho kingdom And a party of tbe
chiefs of Khorasnn, by renqon of the long absence of the Sul-
tan, joined Ilak K1ia11. When the Sl~ltanreached Ghazni, he
.collected an army like the people of t,he Day of Reeorrectiou,
and marched to Balkh, and when J e f e r t ~ g i nlelrrllt of bhe
coming of bhe Sultan, 11e fled from Balkh to Tirmiz.
,
And A r ~ r l a nJazib, by the order of the Srtlttur, went,
from Hertrt iu prlrsoit of Sijcrw:cyh~egitra l ~ dstarted towards
Jlewnr-ul-Nahr.
Ilnk Khan asked Iielp from I< rder Khan, King of C h i ~ ~ a ,
(and) Icadar Khrrri witah 5,000 men storbed to the a~eist~ance
of Ilak K h a l ~ (end)
, I l ~ kK l ~ a twith
~ tlre i~alyof Kadar Kbrru
crossed the River Juiuh~tn,aud when (ouly) twelve kua of
road remained to Balkh the army of the Sultan faced them.
 . , I ' . ,.
~he(3;ltan himsblf rrtanged!the'linee of hie army. 'He',
entrusted ,bhe centre to hie yoanger brother ~ m i Nasir-nd-, r
din, G ~ ~ v e r n oofr Jarjan and Abu Naer Fariun ~ n dAbdulla ,
Tui. The right wieg he e n t r ~ e t e d ~AlLun to 'l'ash Hajib, and.
appointed Arsalan Jazib to the (cornmnntl of the) lefb wing
with other Pathan troblea.
And with five hundred elephants, like inoun~aias, Ibe,
'I
made a o i t d e l i ~ ~ ~ f rof o nhie
t line. h n d on the other side)
t
Ilak Khan l ~ i m ~ ektood l f in the centre of lrie arm'y . . ; aod
.) .
kbr 16. apphiuted Kkdar Kharl to the right . . wing
. a i d etat,ioned . ,
Jafartagin on hie lefc. Then b i t h arnliu, . . like twp rivers of
mercury, faced oue anolher, and by the noise of (the trampl-
ing of) their horse; ~ n a d ethe , &ode of the earth quake ; and
( . ,

with the duet 'of the, hoofs

8 t
& I d .
of their hordes tiley made ' t h e .
plain of the sky dark ; a ~ r dthe fire of etrugg? a r ~ d b a ~ ~ t l e
they kiudled wiblr the blast of the*(their)trtttrcks.
'
On the otlier aide 1lak ~ h a nhimeelf became engaged
in the battle, and on thie the Sultan d i ~, m , o u ~ ~ tfrom
e d . lliu
horee and bowed hie head ill proetratioh-]' before ' the Pure '

Qod and raieed the hands of prayere and entreaby end placed
reliance on the faveiir of'the moet kind God, a n d h e m o ~ l t r t ~ d ,
a fieroe elephant and led a cherge against 'the army of 1 l a k '
Khan. I t heppened tllatl Lhe ~ u l t a n ' ailephanb eeized' the '

etandard beare'i; of Ilak Khau with hie trunk and daehed '
him on the grouud ; after that he came to bhe lines of the '
Turks and deetroyed many of them. When the Ghexie saw .
that ttie Sultan llimeelf hed cntered the held of bobtle, 111ttr '

iavoluntarily they ruelred forward together and drew toheir

eworda and killed many Turke in bhat momeab. Kadar
>
Ghen, panic-etrickea, hopeleael of life,. flcd by . tricke and
etratagem from the battle, and whsn he had cromrd the
watem ofitlie Jaihun, he reeted towhere until he reached hie
pwn countrg;.and never.again.had a thought of 'Kho'taean;
 I n the hiatory of Yemeni i t ie written thab the S u t t m
sfber the flight of llak Khau pursuer1 the broken army, but Pam 17.
it was wiuter there (aod) the ct~ldwue limitless (aud) no one
1

hlrd etreligth (to endure it). bloat of Lhe udblea deeired thab
they ehodd trot pursue the routed arnry, but ae the Sultan
. was himself exertirrg himself, they had, whether (hey liked
1
ip or not, to go two mlrchee after tllern. On the t l ~ i r dt~igtrt
they camped in A desert. T h e whole nighb 8no.w fell and tee
', cold allowed it4 severihy beyotrd limit, aud fur the Sultan
. they pilched s big tent aud placed mauy brasiera in i t (aarl)
made the teut so werln that:most of bile people (iu it.) were
ready to throw off th.ir clothes oo accoun? of the heat.
At thab momenb Wulchalz came in a t the door of the
teib. 'Cke sultan said to him hq R jolre, ~ ~ ' C l n~,a l c h n kfind
,
any to tlie Cald oatsidu why do yon die, a t ~ dwhy owing to
'5
extreme cold are you a t the poiub uf death ; we here are
ready iodeod to take off o w clothen on aicoudb of the
heab."
Wulchak instantly went out a n d , came i n again a t otlae
~ d " I gave the Kiog'a gracious meseage to tbe Cold,
a ~ mid,
ntld he say8 elthough. my Ikar~d cun~lot reach the Sulton
nnd the Sulbna'd nobles, get I will ao eerve his other servant8
1 tJ1at to-morrow tlie S~iltnn and hie n o b l c ~ at114 ohiecu will
r' .
(Irnve lo).r\tbrtrd to .their \lorae~ tlremselves, a1111.)UP will
eee, uo failure i n . dint eervice of. miue." Ttre Sultcru, , el-
thongt ol~twnrdlytie, treated these words, as a jeer, . jeb i n , , ..
hie heart he repslited him of his design at)& decided. to
return.
11,chanced that thab very night newa came from Hindae- pw 1 ,
tan thnh Abear llnd beconie s renegade and had returned bo
his origin:\l religioo, and (ne) 'he enw the field open to him,.
dB' had driven dub all thd officials of the Sultan,
.I . : ; i 1 ,
 The Sultnrn on bhe .morrow turned the reine of hie,
inbentions towarda tkes plsiue of Hindustan, and started to
make the journey by regl;lar maiohes, and setib on firsb thore
nobles who .were in receipt of frze grants or" land in
Hinduatan.
They seized Abdar and brought him ho the Sutbaa'e ,
wdience hall. The Stiltan took frnm him four lakha of
rupees and bestowed thein on Tegin, his treasurer. And he
pub him (6. e., Abear) in prison and he died there. And l.

the Sultan then returned to Ghtrzni (and) reelined upon t b

bed of comforb and waa at ease.

Ohce moro in the yeor 399 of the Hegira, he oollecbed .

his army, and with the intenti011of revenging himself upon
Anandpal, who had been di~respectful to him in the Multan
r
campaign, he tnnrched to Hindnetan.
When Anandpal l e ~ r n of t this, he asked hetp from the
(other) rajos of Hindnstsn. As to ths Hindus, a war with
Muealrnans appeared to be a meritorious act, then all the
'
rajw, willirigly or nnrvillingly, collected together to such aa
exbeat ohat the Rajw of Ujjain aud Givalior and Kaliujnr slid
Kanauj and Uelhi and Ajmir, all came eo his aeeistauce aud C
started for the Puojab with tliek respective armies. And so
they had collected it1 the time of Amir Sabaktagiu, the army .
Pam 19, of this time was far greater than thab; and they came to-
gether wibh Anandpal td bhe-plain8 of Peehawer.

..
Forby daya they lay in face of the Sultan, bub no one of .
eibher army advanced to ba'ltle. B~ib the army of the '

infidels increesed day by day, and from every side people

conbinued to come ta ib to erich un extent thab the infidels of
.ihkber also joined them in bhao expedition,
 t 17 1
, . '.
And bhey made eych efforte i n this \Qar tlpb the
infidel women used eb eel1 ,their ornamente ~ n eend d (money.
for) expeneee after their husbands, so thdt their rnalee might
be free to fighb. And the wom'an who had no meaae would
epih the wheel and labour and eend (money for) expensee EO
t b e army.
When phe S u. .l t ~ nrealized
.. that this time the infidele
I '

were with great eingle-mindehoese preparing them~elviefor

battle, , .he d u g a,rrench on both side; of t h i a r m y and
, ,

ed, for battle. Then he aekh 1,000 archere 'in front (ired)
.I.

they nith tliclib aod,st;8tagetu excited t l l b ibfidel o r b y a i d

drbw'them after t h i d ~ , until they had,brougbt theinfidel . ..,
army close to bheir own. And 'the Muealrndne with greab
, ,
uoanimity occupied bbemnelvee in repelling the i~~fidele.
And in egjbe of the greab precautions of bh'e Sultan, an
,

army .of 30,000 of the igfidele of Kakhar, j'c~et,it1 the crieie of

the battle,'croaeed bhe treochea on either eide and peoe&ated
to the rnideb of the cnrvalry ~ n used d their pikee, swoide'ab&
4*gger.e e n d Lnmked obsr many men and Loreee, to euch ab ~~020,
. . ,
,exbenb
. (iodeed) that in the cwinklini' of i n eye they m u t i
I . .

.marbxre'of
. 4,000 men. ' Indeed, hhitigs. came to euch a pitch
that ..the s l l l k d w a s ready even on acco~inbof tho Kakhare
:.I.

~o Icnve.dhe field hnd rhop the b';ttle. By chance the elsphabt

of ~ n a n d p a gobl frighbened ab the, noise of:the gun! and' the
+ell o f ( h a ) fled. The * r k y (of the, Elide)
thonghi thab the rdjae haJ'takenito -flighb,'eo 1\11 e p r e ~ d\be
(newe of their) defeab (aad'fled). .t
Abdulla Tai, with fi-re or ,eix thousand. Arab traope, sad
Arsalan Jazib, wi:h 2,000 Turk, Pathan and ahilzai trooper^
for bwo nighte and dsye purlued the b m k e n ' a r i y , killdd eight
ltbonaand infidels, and kroughb hick t h i ,r b elephante i n d
I

much plunder ~ n dpreeent~dthemnilvee before the Srdtan.

The Sultan after this, to' make firm t h e religion of the
 Prophob determined (bo wage) a hdy war .againrb the
iufidela of Nngerkob, and to deebroy their idol-houere. and
&&bed. Aud a t that time thab forb waa famoue a9 the forb
of Bbim, (and) when the Sultan reached in, he ordered it to
be besieged, and killed mhuy people in the neighbourbood.
And that fort had been uonetructed in the time of Raja
Bhim on the top of a hill, and the Hindus called i t Makhgan-
ul-Aenam or the " Treasury of the Idule " and the rajeb
of (all) countriee ueetl to eerid there gold and silver a t ~ d
'

peerli and rubiee add coral and'other ricbeb,'and in doing so

they consdertid'it tb be an '~dvrrota~e foi both worlde. FO;
pW2,. thie r e k n eo great ' wealth' tias n~llectedin' tbat fortrmi
ihab in the treaeury of kia'g were so much rich& collected'.
. a

~ n &d bhqb fort was empty of brave men, and there r$

no'o?e in iber&tPb ~rahmans,th& n i b u r d ~ jtheir'minda
were'eeired
.. ,
with panic, and rained oriee to the ekiee for
memy. And on the third day they'opendibbe ' d k e of tbe
.. f&b, and the Brahmsdi came and aalubed Sultan
Tben the S u 1 t a n ' ~ t ha few special men entered bhe forb,
8:~s. lakbe of Bold mohure and ?iahb hundredkaunds of
b d lilver b e u d i and two hundred maunb pure gold
and tko thoueind m t k ~ d of
1 . .
e vir&n silver and bnenty maundo'
of aesor(&r &re]? &hioh . ' had. been collected there dnce the
~ ~ a . Bbimo f ind h d come into the poaedon bfthe oivil
offioQts;al\ e l l to thd sultan,. , and afber this bbe 8ulan return-
ed to Ohecni.
And in the year 400 of bhe Hegira . the. Snltan when out
if tile oit; and' . . throna'of
. ..gold
. ..and eilier in. the. Hall.
of ~ a d i ~ i oand
? , tsrqed out into (and arranged) . . in the plain
(dl) the plunder which had fallen i,nto hi. hand8 during hn.
.':atb) journey; aid Inany people from the oity and from the
-,. . . .
AT&-One lakhlrlOu,000. Ooo mrond-St poundr,
(eurrounding) villages oame bo eee-the epeateale. And bhir
crowd of people remained aolleobed bogebhet for three dryr,
and enjoyed themaelves in various waye. And he diebribubed
that wealbh among pioua and poor men and pleaeed the
hearts of the people. l'a~tt,
And in bhe gear 401 of the Hegira he led hie atmy ti6
ahor. Muhammad Ben-Suri, ruler of theb country, oama
oub with ten thoueand mounbed men to fighb the Sultan, and
bhe battle raged from bhe time of eunriee until midday, and
the Ohoris behaved with great bravery.
When bhe Sul ten saw their bravery he gave ordere and
led hie amry back ae a triok. The Ghore thoughb thab the
Sulben was routed and emerged from their trenohee a d
pureued him. When bhey reached the middle of the plain
the Sulban ieeued (freeb) o r d e r ~and (hie) eoldiere faced
about and slew many of the Qhorie and broughb Mnhbmmad
Ben-Suri a prieoner to the Sultan. Bub he from (exoeesive)
grief licked a poieoned atone (whioh he had in hie ring) and
died in bhe Suitan'a preeenoe, and bhab oountry aleo wer
inoluded in the poeeeesione of the Sultan.
And iu bhe hiebory of Yemeni it ie w i t ~ ~bhab n bhe
rulere of Ghor and bheeubjecba of thab plaae bed nob until bhen
coneenbed bo (embraoe) the faith of Islam. Bub bhe author of
the Tebkab Naeiri and Mubarek Sheh Rozi, who wrote tbe
hebory of the kinge of Qhor in veree, hare mid thab the
Qhorie had become Mueslmane in the time of. the Caliphate
of the Commander of the Faithful Ali-ben-Abi-Telib, may
God be pleaeed with him; rod 'in time of the Bani-Umayad,
(when) all luealmane had spoken improperly agdnlt tbs .PW.U.
deffiendaabe of the Propheb, on whom be p e w , ,in, h e
oountry of Ghor (alone) no one eaid anything .(of the ,c&t),
and of bbir raws tbb .oounQ b proud slbavo oll.(~thet)
.o?w@ip8e . . .
 ( 40
. Again in the same year the Sultan wenb a seeond time
<from a h n ~ n ito Multan, and he cot~quered thab place by
foroe and cor~qneet,and elew many of the Karamat (eect) and
(llther) heretics and cut off bhe feeb and hande of many and
brought Dnud ben Naeir alive a captive, a ~ r dtook him with
him to (Jhazni and confined him in the forb of Uhor, and in
that place he died.
And in the yertr 402 of the Hegira a longing for holy
war again wae h r n (in hie mind) and he etarted for Thanemr,
. whioh ie one of the counbriee of Hinduetan, becauee eome
one had eaid bo him that clT~~aneaar ie, in the opinion of the
Hindue, God f s b i d , bhe comparison, in honour equal bo
Meeoe the Great, and that in ib there ie an ancienb idol.houee
in which the Hindue have made many idols, and bhe greab
idol among them (all) is oallcd Jageum, and thie is t h e
belief of the infillele thab wben bhe world wae born thab idol
wee born with it."
And when t h Sultan
~ reached the land of Puujab then
by rewon of this thab be had made a promiee to Anandpnl
P,gt 24, , that he would dn him no harm he'firet eeob men to him ,and
. said: ". Anandpal know thab my intention ie to go to Thaneenr,
I b ie befitti~q you bhab you ehould eend a f43w tuetworphy
.men of your own wibh our army that there may be no hardebip
or oppression (praotieed) on bhe people of your oouutry.
i n a o d p a l in hie own ilreeresb quickly prepared a
grfad enbertainmenb and called (all) the merchantq of
. hie oountry, and ordered them to give grabis flour and
, ghi,. oil, ealb, veseels, wood, everything which would be

, required by the king'e army, and thab they should uob

&?end (even) a pice or a pie from anyone. And he senb,
. under bie own brolher, two thoueand oavelry for'the king'r
ierzim, and wmte bo him, I am your slave and atbendanb,
whatever your order may be I am. ready (to obey) ; bub Ohio
 'is'my.petition,'thel Thaneear ie the place of rorsbip of the
peapie of bhie country, and (even) if in the religion cf the
Musalmane ib ie (coneidered) a meritorioue aob to brebk idole
. bhat (meriborione) work rua accompliehed in the breaking of
the idole of Nagarkot. Now if the King will accept (aa corn-
peneation) the coeb of hie corning and will fix upon thaee people
8 yearly tax and will return without moleeting them, I sleo
. will, ae a bhankoffering that my prayer haa been granted,
send to (the King's) durbar every year fifty elephants and
many kinds of offeringe "
The Sultan gave answer: In the religion of the
Muealmane ib ie (laid down thad thie ie) a meriborioue aob ,.
bhab any one who may deetroy the place of worship of the
heathen he will reap great' reward on the day ofjudgment,
and my intention L to remove entirely idole from bhe oitiee
of Hinduetan. How then can I prevenb myeelf from going P ~ 2 6 .
. to Thaneear,"
In ehorb, thie news reached the Raja of Delhi, (md he
prepared himself to war with the Muealmane and eenb
meeeengere to every parb of Hinduetan, and mid to the
Rsjaa : "Sultan blab~nud, wioh a greab army, hee etarted
for Thaneear. Now if to thie greab flood we do not oppose
by a etrong dam, then ib will be eoon thab be will nob leave
the plant of wealth, of small or greab, in the plain of this
"
country. Io is therefore better tbat we ehould remove thie
danger with one consent!'
Bub the ~ulbanreached Thaneear before they oould oollect
together, and when he saw the oity empty (of defendere)
he plandered ib ab his ease, and broke all the idole and
eenb (the idol) Jagsum to Qhazni (with ordere that) it ehould
be placed in the road, so that every ocle lnighb pges aver i b
and trample ib under hie feet ;. rnd he found tm greab r
" N w w o kithe templee'tbe%i b could tr@ haunted. .
 And ib ie relabed by Haji hubammad Kandabari thrl in
one temple a piece of ruby wacl found, wbicb in weigbb W M
.. $50. miskale, and no ane had ever eeen or heard of such a.

~
.
piece. . ..

And the Sultan afber thab victory determined to'eubdue

Delhi, bub hie nobles begged him, eaying :"Ib is then necee-
~
eary bo go to Delhi when tbe Punjab from one end .to*
anobher ehall come ,into our poeeeeeion and our minde
be ab e u e from our anxiety regarding (the inbention of)
A.nsndpat."
I
. I

Ply 26. Tbe Sultan approved of thie counsel, and despatched e

little lea's than two hundred thousand slave-ginle and slavw
ftod tbab country and returned to Ohazni. I
'

' I t is said that thab year they counted thehiby of ~ h. a. z n i

+b2 . b'one of the cities of dinduetan, because many slaves and
ele~e-~irle bad fallen to each noble. And in bhe year 408 o f ,
th. ~ d ~ ~ltbntaeb,
i k the cbmnabdei-in-chief, and ~ r k a n
. .
~ h l codqherad'
b Oharjiitian and captured Shah Sar knokn u"
~ $ u ' ! ~ a e a (who
r, a&) ruler of thab country, and broughb
. , , . .
him to'Gbazni. '
'

. i

and' while,' t.h e y. were

'. ,
.. .
taking Shah 8.r
. . to Ohazni they .. ' 1
enbruebed
' .
.I 1
him to a elave, and b b e b 'el& bhought to himself,
ib..is righb ,. bbab. I ehouid send a letter home bhab the
'
pepole of (my) house ;hall know of my coming. Sq he
mi$ t i 8had .~ a r'": Wribe a Irbter for me that 1 may send iti , ,
,

home "
I . , .
Shah br forbade him muob, but bhe elave would -nob
lervw him (in pbaw). So as. he wuld nob help himeelf he
book s pen in hie hand, and wrote: "Oh useless, undeeirsble, .
obrp~slesrevil-living. onel. Are you in bhe belief Jbab 1 dd;';,
~ d - h o n a o l-0;. ~ rad bow :JobW P I , ~ p t O ( p y ) g
6. '
 oo ualawful (pleaeuree) ae if I do nob know of ib. You ppend
the day in drink and the nigl~byou amuee etrangebachelors; . ..
. you bave ruined my home atld lost my honor. If I ever reaob
you eafely, I will reckon with you und give you a leeeo~."

. When he had finiehed the letter he puta eeal on i b (and

bloeed the envelope (and) gave ib to the elave. - When bhe
* elsve eenb the peper to (his) home end (when) hie wife under-
ebood ibe purport,ehe wee eeized with panic end anxiety urn Page 37-
bora (in her mind). She thoughb in her hearb thab Borne
enemy mighb have made 8 false aocueation rgaiusb her bo her
huebend and liave slandered her to him. So for fear of her
huebsud ele took a few female slavee with her and lefc he?
home, and wenb and hid hereelf eomewhere in a cornen
And when bhe slave had brouglrt Shah Sar to Gbaani be uenb
to hie home, and whab doee he eee (there). The door ir
oloeed, and thereie no one in the house. H e etood bewildered
tcsr a while. Then when be had opened tbe door hie (once)
inhabited houee appeared deeerbed to him. Neither did ha
eee hie wife nor did his eervanb appeer. The elare aelted the .
neighboure (and) bhey told him uf the paper. The elare
etood for some time in grief lamenting aud eighiag, md
saying: I said nothing (of the kind)." Then he weob end
fetched hie wife and meda many apologies to her.
And in the fireb aesembly when they brought Shah Sar
. to the presenoe of bbe Sultan, bhen (eome) cheerful friend,
told the whole etory of bhe elave to the Sultan. The Sultan
laughed, aad eaid: " Wboever etepe beyond hie proper level
and behaoee dierespeotfully to the great, deeervee thie very
puniehmenb."
Then the Sultan in bhoee very daye wrote a letter to '
the Caliph, Abbaei, nhose title wu.Al-Kdir-(lbillrb (and).
bbe purporb of it WM'this "moeb of the citiee of Khoraesn
 - ..
are in orlr poeeeedon. I hope (therefore) thab eome of ibe
pa@2(1* oiti'ee of Khoraean, which are in the hande of your ealvee, will
'
also be refb to these (my) people." Ae the Caliph had nob
bhe rtreiogbh to go to war, wee forced to agree to thie
propoesl.
Anobher time bhe Sultan again eeut him s lebber, and
wrote in ib, ('Leave Samaroand aleo to me." The Caliph '
I . Aid, I u k sheher from the Pure God from bhi. I nil. not .f
do thie thing, and if you intend to take it without my cobsenb
I will make the whale world ehakedupon you? .
The Sulbin wes very angry ab thie saying, aud eaid: "Do
you wish that I should go bo you with thouuands of elephanbe
and upset your kingdom and level all your villagee and cities, ,
and having loaded their dueb upon elephante thab I should
bring it to Ghazni."
The meeeebger heard these words and etarted off(home.)
When eome time bed elaped, he came again and broughb a
-
paper.
The Sultan took hie eeab and (his) alavee atood in lines
before him, and he posted great elephante ab the door of hie
Durbar and gob ready hie army; At theh moment the mee-
senger placed a ~ealedpaper on the throne, and eaid, The
Commander of the Faithful eaye, 'Your anrwer ie tbis.' "
Kbweja Abu Xeear iozai, who was the head of the offioe
\*
bf'lebtere, opened the *per (and) eaw in it fireb written thL
"In the name ot God, the Merciful, the Compauio~te"
Qben on the eeoothd line theee lettere were writben
eeparately in bhie way--A-L.M-8-L-M, and after thab the
letter waa thus :- .
. , .
P8ga 39. 'gPnlc.ebe to God, Lord of the World, and peace md aafety be an

. .
liia Prophet Muhimmad and on all hir deaceadnntr."
. .o

Xhdn b u nothing bore. The ~uitlroand ell bhr other ~

wribera were confounded and did nob underabaod the mean-
ing of it in the least,. Then they read every eingle verse
of the Great K ~ i r a nand saw its c $ ~ m l n e n t e rbub
~ , no p~irporb
of could be ascertuiued. Kl~wajnAbu B ~ k Krhsstani, r who
was 1100till then the p~~ssessor of (any great) rauk, plucked u p
courage, a n 3 said : " The gracioue Sultaii had mentioned
elephante to destroy thab country, 80 i t muat be tbab t h e
Caliph in reply tto your words bae writteu (the veree of the
Koran, which means) :
'' Oh 1 do you not era how your Qod hem treated the friend6 of the
alephdnts." '

The Sultan on heariog cheee words fell down ernueleoa

through fear. w h e n after a whild he came to himbelf, he +I pt
much aud made excuses to the mtsspnger a ~ l d a e n thim back
with many gifr,s and gave Abu Bekr a spt.citr1 robe of
honour and promoted h i ~ nto Llle dignity of a uoble.
And in the year 404 of b h e d ~ e g i r nthe
, Sultbn led hi8
army to the Forb of Nauduna, whicli is situated on the bill
Baluab.
And ab thie time Aoandpal died. His eon, w l ~ ow a r
graridson of Jaipal and wae Governor uf Lahore, had 1101, the
t h fight him, (antl) leaving few warriore i n N a ~ d u n a ,
e t r e ~ ~ g to
went to a (cerbain) valley uf Cehemere. The Sultan broieged
bhat forfrees, and prepared what wae requisite for mnking e
hole arid destroying the fort; bull those people were hard- role 80.
premed and begged for mercy, and made over bhe fort ~ f e
and complete to the Sultan.
The S~llban took po~ne~clion of the forb and appointed a
bruebworthy man to (hhe chargo of) it, and went after Jsipnl'r
grandson LO that valley of Caslbm*re (which hw alrccrdy bee11
mentiuned), aud Jaiysl'r graudot.m theuce fl,d elyewbere. Tho
 Sultan 'pluodc'red mach weal bh in that valley, a c d reconoiled
many 'people to' (joioiog the) blutialman 'faith, bhen he
returned to Ghazni.
Add in the year 406 of the Hegira, the Sultan made a
$n' of (cor,quering) the count'ry of Cashmere, and when he
weot 'there he besieged t8he strong fort of Lohkot; bub
'
when 6 .long. t'ime had elapsed and much snow fell, and the
cold 'becrmo "extreme (lit. victorioas) lind rei~lftlrcernents f
beyond numb.,r 11ad renched the fort*, he raised Lhe siege and
stbr:te'd bnckr.toiG!lnz~~i. Aud .in that journey he l o s ~his
way and reiiched a pltrce wllerc L ! I C tvt~oleplain was full of
w a t ~ r . . Wherever key went they saw 11ci1g11tbut water,
a n d io thab \varer Inally met1 ptdrished, I L I I ~bhis was the first
(rniafortulle' dlie to ~ J I I Jevil
) eye whicli hed b-frllrn t h e
Sultau'a prnly ill iln jt,tlrne!.s ill Hi~~dust.an.After some
d ~ y ethey, with libany devices and efforla, go^, free from thab
water aud weob to Ghazni.
Bud i l l that very year Ab-111-Abbas Jlalnu~r,Ling of
Khoarazm, wrote a letter of friel~dbhipto the S ~ l l t a u(askirlg)
for (the hand of) hie sister. The Sultan accepted the (offer '
in t h e ) p s p r r and sent his sister to IChuaruzrn. - I
, .
Page $1. Atld i r ~ the year 407 of L l ~ eHegirt, a b ~ u dof brigan&
'
made 8rtl 'a~,t,t~:k 011 t , l ~ t t K i ~ l gof [ < I I ~ ! L ~ + I Z I I ) , and killed I~iln.

Thb SIIIL : & ~ I fri)mCfii:~z~i went to Bi~llth,alld t l r c ~ ~ cstarted e

€dr. K l s o ~ r a z ~ n .
I;. 1 - W l l e ~h'e ~ reached Khizr U o ~ ~ d nOrI,I the front,ier of
Khoaraz~n, he made Jluhamllrad 'l'ui he Chief of an army,
aad sent hiin in frorlt,. Wl~elr the people of Ghazni
hd e ~ ~ c a l n p aandd wcsre sttrildi~iyu p fi~rhe morning prayer,
Khkmar Taah, who way ~ i i a le'rd~r of t h e I<tioti~az~nis,
emerged from rr place of trllibush trud surpriacd bhem ;he
kilird many. of t h e m a n d routed them.
 The Sulban senb a large army of pioked men (lib. plaree)
after them, and when they ctrme u p with them they captured
'
Khamar Tash and brought him to the Sultan.
. W l ~ e nthe Sultan reached he fortress of Haenraep, the
eoldiers of Khoarazm collected and made a simultaneous
' abback on the Sultan's army, and fuugllt deeperately. Bub
Ohey were bruken, a r ~ dAlaptagin Bokhari, who wsm their
, leader, fell iuco captivity. When the Sultan wont to,K,hoararm
he firab retaliated on the murderers of Ab-ul-Abbee (by
. killing them), then he glive to the noble Altum Taeh the
bitle of the King of Kl~oarazm,and bestowed orb him the
country of Khoarazm and Arkaod together with ite surronnd-
iog (couutry). And when thence he came to ~ b l k hhe
* ., ,:
%

gave the country of Herat to his sot) Amir Masud, and made
Muhammad Ben Huset~iu Zuzni his deputy, aud eenb him
wibh him. And the country of Korkan he gave t'o Ilia
son Amir Mubarnmad and senb Abu Bakr Kahaetani with paoe8a
him.

And when the Sulban was (once more) ab leiours frbm

%bheaffair8 of Khoarezm, ib was then winter 'time', and he
, gave an order (saying) : ." We mill paaa the winberein-Bub
.eo bhab the soldiers may be in cornforb."
u' And in the early spring of the year 409 of bhe Hegira,
when the nights arid days are equal ;in length) and the
eoldiery of verdure aud flowers ~ ~ stondir~g
o s in the meadowe
of the plains and groves, aud the pure air and fragranb
breeze had conquered bile furtrees of the buds, the Sultan,
with a lakh of eamarv and twenty t h o u s a ~ ~ infantry,
d who
had aseembled wit11 the iutention of (joiuil~g) e boly
war from Turkestan, from DIawur-ul-Nahr aud frurn &hots-
ban and from obher countriee, alerted for Kanauj.
I" *. ' " : f
 .~,r..
. 4.. . ..
:.,
,

that .couutry rbfter ( the invasion of) Kashtwp till

. . Now
.

bhen had never fnlleu into the hendo of any foreign (con-
qtlerer), arrd'from Ghazrri to that place i t was three moothe'
journey, aud there were seven very large river6 to be croeeed.
When the Sultan reached the frontier of Cashmere,
tbs Gavertror of Cuhlnere presented many thitrgs worth
-offeriug'.before the Sultan, and ntarsed a t the hetrd of his
army f o r , (the Sultan'e) service. When the s,,ldiere of
I d t ~ mhad traversrd many llbHga8 aud had brrived a t Kunouj,
they claw a great, firm, atrong hwb, so (great) that o spectator
would thiuk thab its head reached LO the sky. Arld t h e
raja of that place was called K,~rah,(aud) when he saw the
k g ? 83 (Sultau'r) army he was rot~foriudrd ab their grtrndeur
anal pwny and wna terrified, in hie Iiearb there remained
,uo itlea of figI~!ing, and Ire seut eorne mou to tile presauce of
the S u l ~ a uaayiog
, : "I ubey bhe ordara of the King," and he
' ' ' himself, wiih affecbion a d eioceriby, descended from the forb
with his greab and small eone, and according bo the writings
of EJ&ib-UR-Siyer (ib appears that) he alno embraced Islam.
Aud the Sultan after three days started for the forb of
Meerub. The raja of thab fort, who was called Harwct,
entrusted tbe fort to trustwi~rthy men, and himself wenb
away to allother place (lib. to one side). And the people
in the fort saw thab they had no power of resistance, so they
prcseuted (to the Sultan) ten bhousarid times one thousand
dirl~ama, which ie two lakhs and fifry bhousa~rdrupees, and
thirt.y elephants, and obtairled peuce. Again, the Sultan
t -.
frqm hhab place started for the forb of Mahawan, which
fort in built orr the banks of the Jun water. Aed the raja of
that fi,rt wue c d e d by thenerne of Kalchand. He mouihtc.d
.. -
an 6 lepharlb and detvrmiued to ctosu the water. The army
of bbs &Iwn *rb*d rhrr bim, '(and) whwm rhe wMim p b
 near bo him, bhat unlucky ttyrant drew (his)dngger frbm (itsj
ebeath (and) first cut off tlre head of hie wife and eon, then
he struck himbelf on tlie breast and seut himself to Irell.
And in tlrnt plaae RO much plunder fell into the Sulban'r
hands that no one c o ~ ~ lcoririt
d ib. E~glrty grent elephants
alone were (found) iu ib. \??hen the Sultan was ab leisure
from that uffair, sorne one (caused to) pkise to his auspiciode Paget4
ears (the news) thab iu those parts there was a city called
Muttra, (and) bhat Krivhn Bas Dev, whom the Hindue call a
prophet, was borii i ~ rtiiat city, and (thnt) in extenb (lib. build-
inga) or populatiotr no otie had seen in the world a city like
it. And there were su many wonders and curiosities in ib
thab no one can (enough) extol tlrenr. The Sultan on hear-
ing this acco~~titim~neditrtely stnrtrd for that place. And
although tliae city was snbjrct LO the Raja of Delhi, still nb
one appeared to stop the King's (advance.) H e reached hia
' destination withoub anxiety and withoub interference, and
plundered the city and burnt tile idol-houses of bhe ciby and
neighbourhaod, slid broke the idols and much wealth c a w
into hi8 hands. And he was so astonished a t the eighb of
those buildings (which he found there) thab hessenb A le'bter
to the nobles and chief# uf Ghazui, and wrote thie paragraph
in i t : "Iu this city there are a thousand buildings with
foundations (as strong) as tlie slry and moeb of them are
built of marble, and there are so many idol-houses in them
that they are beyond counting; and if any one should desire
to build such baildings, then if he were to spend a lakh of
gold moliurs on expert builden, he would ( I ~ ~ r d l complete
y)
i b in two liundred years." , ? Q~;~J
I t is said bhat he found amongst them five idnle.of pure
.gold, in the eye-sockets of which they pub eapphiree (and)
all those sapphires were valued at fifby thousaud rup,ees.
Tbsra waa wnubber iifol of gold in wbioh they hakl ineer(ri?cl p,~lrg,
 plate of emeralds, which in weighb was 400 miskale. When
t&'d had broken up that idol eight thoursnd three hundred
il
mis.kals of gold were got from it, and of idols of silver, great
.aqd emall, there were morc than one handred, ( ~ t n d )when -
.they broke them all up they loaded a hundred camels with
thew. After this tbey set fire to all the buildings, (and)
, , whea twenty fdays had passed they marched from thab
- place.
~ d ibd is wribben in the hietory of Alfi that bhe Sultan
'
heard thab in thoee perte there were on the bank of the river
eeven greab forts, so he seb ouh in that direction. And the
ruler of those forts used to pay tribute to the Delhi Rnjs,
.and whgn he learnt of this he fled. 'Che Sultan reached thoae
forte and was taking a view of the (nurronnding) counrriea .
(when) i b chanced thab his eye fell on an idol-hooee which,
in bhe belieltf the Hindus, was standing for four thousand
years. I n thrbse forte and idol-houses everything thab the
Mueatmane found they took poseession of, and ab the King'e
ebirsup they started for the fort of Mauj.
And in thab fort there were many brave men, and they
had pub euppliee (sufficiel~l) fur a long bime i n ib. T h e .
!Sultan besieged bhoee people for fifteen daye and lefb them
lao way of going and coming. When they underutood thab
.bbe. Sulban would . conquer the fort by force, eome of bhem ).
deecended form the forb and slew themselves, and eome with
their women t\nd eous t hre* thelnsel vee into rr fire, and eome
' opened the gabe, took their deggere and knives in their

.hands and foughb euch a fight with the Mueelmane theb

Pago S6. bhey were all killed.
The Sulban broughb the plundered property idto hie
$oeeeesion: and sb once started for Chandpal'e forb. Chand-
'pal, hi&olf eaw (bhrb he' had) no e t r o q t h to fighb (80)
,I;.... ' '
 with hie family and prnperty fled to the mountains. The
Sultan took possession of (all) properby remniuing in bhe
forb, and divided the slores of grain among hie soldiers. ,
Then he decided to go bo the home of the infidel
Chsnd Rsi. H e also did like Chandpal ; they fled to :he
hills with tiheir prop ,rty and poesessione.

.manyAndtimssChandRdi
a
had an slepllanb which the Sultan had
tried, at great price,
to obbain bub he could
;
. not get io. And (about) tllnt time thob eleplianb, withoub
its attendant, ran B\VAY from ltie camp of Cband Rai, and
came straight to the Sultao'a tenb. The Sultan gave
ordern and they seized it, aud he was much pleased.
. And he gnve that elephanb the name of Khodadad (i. e.,
God-given). Then when the Sultan a r ~ i v e d nt Ghazoi,
he cou~~t,ed up the plu~rder wlrich he had taken in the .
expedition bo ( lit. the pluuder of 1 Knntiuj. I t turned oub
,k -:
3'3
(bo be) twenty thousand gold pleces and a tl~ousandthoueend -
rupees and f i f ~ ytl~ousa~rd slave, female and male, and three
hundred and fifty elephants, a r ~ d there was ~ n i ~ cotber h
. property.
Then the S~iltangave orders, saying : "Build a Jlusjid-i .
jart~i, which Plzbl~at~scall ' t h u F r ~ dby mosque' sf marble,
.so thno ill some pI:lces there lortg bo hqu~rre(blocks of marble)
n r ~ di ~ rsome Irexag mal, a ~ r din some octago~ral,and it1 s o m a , ,
' cylirrdric~l, ~o that spectators may be ns~ouudeda t (the ~ ~ 3 7 .
beauty of) the sight, of it,nud when he had built that mosque ,,
- h e put in i b such carpets nnd lamps and othrr things of
beauty, that cheerful youths used to call ib '' The Bride of
Heaven." And in the neigbbourhoud of that mosque .he
built a school aud coli,,c ,t.d 111 i t tilt: buokg of every (kind
of) wiedotn end elldowed tlret mo6que aud h a t scl~oolwith
(the revenues of) many villagee. And aeptb,e Yultae-dM .
bhie work with (great) 'enthusiasm, every noble begao t i
build in .hie own property mosqoes, schools and rest-houses
for travellers. I n a lithle while m many buildings reeulkd
thqb they could not be counted, And in t,hab journey,the
Sultan had brought e bird from Hindustan (which was) like
a dove (and) should any one mix poi~onin the food and
bripg that food, to bhe , aesembly, , _ . then
. that bird ,would
HA
I ,

bramble ~ , e s t l h l y and' shad tea!s invol,untar,ily. senb.

bhil with a a q y (other) offerings bo t h e ~ a i i ~ h ' ~ l - K ' i d r - 0 ' :
, ,

Billah of. ~ . a ~ b d s.,$ . . , ,

,

And he had found a, Atone in HindortAd thab, dokever

,
muoh *' man was .hounded,
8 .

. when they ~ c r i ~ e d ' t h sstone

b in
1 :
!ator an'drpubio 04 bhlb wound, i t would #
instanbly
. ., b e g i i to
h3al:'And in bhiy;ar 400 bf th; Hegira he Rent'ta Baghdad
' I
s roll of conqbesbs in'whidh all (hh) conqueate of Hindintan
k e i e written. ~ h e ~ a l i of
p hRaghd'ad, on the day he iecei've'd
that' 'assembled a great 'gabheridg and draeied thdb
tlldb roll of conq~iestir'should be rend 'from .the pulpits
before (all) the people, so that the, people mighb be 'infoihed
of bhe exaltation "of the sbandards of Islam and of'the de-
struction of bhe (very) root of bhe heathen trud return thank8
to God and greatly appland Sultan Milallmud of,Ghazni, a.hd
pray for hin,(further) conquest and victory. And o n . thab
day there wae such rejoicing in Baghdad se one.rejoicee,on
the day of the Id-and' (to du) this was (but) fitting,
linismuch' just a$ 'tbe companions of the Prophet did .a
(great) work in the cibieo of Arabia, Per8ia;Turkey and
Syria, such a. work did. the Sultan do in Hiudustan (end)
gai'ned both this world and the next.
And in the year 412 of the Hegira, the wise and piow
unanimouely petitioned the St~lt.ro,e,ryiug: "For a long time
.tbe,Sulba~.goaeevery year t , Hiud~~etttofor a holy wtrr to
gain reward in heaven, and there dieplaya the etrrndud of
Ielam, br~ton bha (very) toad bo bhe Housa of G d (kc,
Mecca) the dwellere iu the deeert, and the Kluamatao hnva
gaioed the asc6ndanay and the Abbusi Caliphe have no
power, eo Muenlmans .lmvecremained (eo) unfortunate (ar to
lose) the reward of pilgrimage. If e o m e t h i ~ g would be
done to help them i t wor~ldlbewell."
Tbe Sulturn rrocepted bheir war& (of advice) (and) made
one Abu Muhammad Naaahi, who wm bhe.bead of the Qa'zie
of the Sulturn'e domieiooe, Lord of the Pilgrims, sad gave
him bhirty thoueaod piecee of gold for those dwellere in tbe tap&.
deeert who used to attack the osravane aud eeut liim to the
House .)f Gad, aod m3oy people, noMea nnd poor slrd derti-
tute, great s o d am rll,eterkd with him. Afber many marcher
dwellers. in the deeert, eocordiog to their ancient cnetom,
were holdiog the road and would ,lot allow the carnvan 1 0
advance. Qeei Ab11 Mullalnmad Neeahi, as peace-offering,
eent them five tlto~rsaadpiecee of gold, and esid to them :
Take thie and leave bhe road (open) to ue."
The chief of Lhe dwtllere in the drsert, whose oeme
was Humad-bin-Ali, would 11ot make pence elrd prepared
hi8 force and a d v a n a d with be i ~ t e o t i oof.
~ raiding
towards the oatavea. 10 ohaooed tbat in the a m v a n tbere
wos a Turk eleve r h o .ass very ekilful a b archery; he drove
en srrow st Hamad and r ~ r n o kbim fair in the bead, u l d he
fell headlong from h i horee.. Immediately the deuerb men
(ook bb body aod fled.. . . , .
Qmzi Abu Mubammad Nasahi, with heart ab
ootlCioned hie pilgrimage aide md mnnd, a d in puse
rskrrned (home).
And in tbab very year, tbat h, in the yeai'4¶2of bbe
Begin, tlw $ulkn h e u d b h C bbe infideb of EindruCro bad
 8 pqkeq very, ,ill of theReja r f Kaoauj, who was called Korab,
r

'and-1 bJad blamed

r, l i - .him, aayitlg: "Why have yon obeyed the
orders of Strltau 'Mullmud ?" u ~ ~Wutlda, d the Ryjs of
,TCqli~~j
it, ~ p .r-e ~ j ea d
t d killed Kot.aI1.
.4 ', ..
P L4~
) Whes t119 Sultan h e k d illin od;h he piepared a larger
force than (he Itad) the' first titne aud \;errti aftbr Nand; to
Hinduetan When he reached t h e eriver J u n , t h e g ~ a u d e o n
,qf J,qipqI, >lvfi$.,%e of the Punjab, ,who had often fled
from Llie Sultan, advanced to help Nanda to the centre of
,(I bhe Snltarc'tl l r u u t e i ,to .opp?se the $u.ltau's army. B u t the
.. .naler
,' .3..
3,9 s d ~ b p(a~lB).gu:uuc .c.rild cross to ,the other .bmIr,
.#

Buddeuly .e@b of. t h e sultan'^ .

.picked ~ l a v e ecrossed
. .
, the
~ybber.-with u r u e b , , a ~ ~bliqy d threw fbe whole of tbe a r m y
.of .$uipal'e g r u ~ ~ d s o inko n coofiieiou atld made them fly
kefore kl~ern,) Juipml'a grtlt~dsun wi(ll~a few men fled and
'tbe &igbIl) elt~veswunt on, and ~ k g r ewas a city near and the1
plundered i b nod d e u ~ r u j e d ,iy ;templed, aud ia should be
L'vidcub to the wis,e that cigllt .(clleve) youths,csooot:break
I I

all army, but ~ h u e eeight slavee.wcre (iu reulity),nobles (aud)

P-1 .F . .., : 1 '

) 1 i 3 oroued ;?dl their o s s firces, and ~lleiefvietiley h a d

.:.qc.. , ' " I
d o n e .. so .grekt. a' wuvk;"From tllub pluae be took h:iB a r k y
t6warde
.. K . \ l i ~ ~ j s Nande
r. with 36,000 mounted' men aud '

45,000 CiboL~~~uu and G40 e l e p l l u ~ ~cn~lie

la out to (give) baltle
to tlre S u l ~ n l ~, ,

Tile S ~ Itan
! bscended ti 1;illock abd sut veyed the a r m y
of LUaada ; as i t h y p r u d . Lu 11inl,(bo be).very g r k t (in:
~kqrnber) 110 ercgrobted lravipg come ; Ile beub his .head in
prayabipn. uud priyed fur viotvry. and conquest to Clod. 3 b
happened t h a t .that uighb a greab panic,feel on,tbe h e u b -
,of,Naugu ; ' l ~ eleft ail hiu property trod .war material, and
3 ; . .....
.
rum psi,fled riwtiy.
, . . ' .. .. . ' ,. , ,.,, , . I
 (. . 'Netb -day bhe king .?iouhbed {bie hqyes) add:fiiob he 'Page 41,
eearohed for- (a;*) pfapee Urambus)l;ad ,when.Lh6ife~(of,
' -
Eieaobel'j; end deceit .on the'pritb'ol t ~ h e e t h e n ~ ~ w a a ~ ~
,pelled, be b,egan:to p l u d ~ e ~ . !rr. .I
b i l ~ i .l . .. ..
+ '

BIT kinde and eorta

and v&iet?& of tbihgi fall ihto
hende of the Muealman eoldiere Aleo in those pwtcu they
f0i.i 580 elephants in e foreat. And ae h e waa h o i a t ed8d
in hie mind regarding tbe Punjab (whichS\;ae) i n his'-
he
, was . ptiflfied
I(. ,... thab . ye9y wijlt. (lyving .-., ,pone)
.
that-work
.-',) , , , . A
L4I.i. ;
taod),!etaped . to ' b . . ..,.
r
, - ,..
,?d c:*.,w 2r.i : ! rd
, % P !

,.Againi :in thdae :,.roigtd4ye peva. l;esc.he$,bitp @,b t!b

' ,

,. w,bjph ! a r e ; c ~ ~ n $ $l : ~~ h '
N p L e o f Firab , B I .Natdi" ~
.,ithiti thd knit*of Hiodustan. lladnqt pln,qed: o@tJy,klt~+:
d Idem ob t h e i r necke abd :hsd.tuiqed their.:be~~$.q(tyq~d
f r o b : i h e o r d e p o f : tha. lave , of Y u ~ ~ ~9q,yhPq) q q ~kp',
pe&e;-(ahd> were w e t l y iedalging, b,idolgtryi,,; .,,;I .,I,,
Tlie Sulltan tabk $ith hini'.&~r<eatera.&d& s m i t had?
masons and led llia army. He first came to Kirat, und Ile
edbdued Kirat;ragd i('irrlt is ti c&I 'place f sit dated) 'betweeu
~ ~ G i t r add
l a , Tutkee&h (and) ma& fruits ?grow,in;it, 'a;
3 p 4,:
:

: jk1"""
Wlien
, ; *,.Jv
'Ocl..

tlre', . 'iuIer' d f 'tllab p~dge abcepted- h~'$rrif;-'d~i ,,,,

1.

~ " i i a deeno ~ a j i bAli, . , th.. i ' ~ u n , o f ~ & a l 8 -~ka i i b ' t o l ~ t b i b i s b h l

~ e \itkenhe
, ihere;- coriquered thnb place: (and:&dnf(
,lave-girla a n d ilave'a and-(muci~)p r o p e r ~ ) ' i ~ ~ s ~-i~ ' nit i~
hands, oud,there ... - .wne &,greatjdul-l~ouse there, . and ..wly u 110
drtFaRd: i b engravpd aioye
, , & .. mivA , - .
,fiu,1)& iu ,i) ~,l!t.:nrt@y L

from
,.. ,it) wllic,h ( e l ~ o ~ v e' .dihat
. 8
. :.tho ido1:hcy.p)
' . A . I ,
1.
h a d l eeo,
.!,,,..
lo
. t t!

!hebelief if ille , H & ~ L & , fort

built ,.. 40,000 , y e w .
,
>*I$:.. ' t3k.i
a

b .: : The Sultan wsnb:tg,t4ai: place qnd b u i l f a f q b ipj ikp%4 Page 45

msde . Alii tQ .eon .of. Kadw,Saljuki, cop?q~qrrderofj),M-

then returned to Q l z u i : . ,: . ... . . .
.,..., ... .....,. i ... . . . .., ,
 : And in t2le.year'4lP of the Hegira he dotermined (bo
'

go) bo Ceshmere, sod he (therefore) beeieged T~ohkob, Hs

Rpetlb one month there, but they were firm (in their defence)
'
rind L I I Irrrud
~ of tho Sclltan wae not (victorious) over them.
He retired from that place (and) went to Lahore (and) 8enb
hie brmy in every direction to plunder and raid ( a ~ ~ theyd)
collected an extremely great qriantity of ( d l eorte of) pro-
perty and goode,
I

And on thab occaeion when the grandeon of Jaipal had

become weak he flud lo the Raja of Ajmere. The Sukan
went and captured Lahore and entrueted i t to a truetworthy
noble, and the other parts of the P~lnjabhe (aleo) entruepd
to trustworthy and Injal men, and he held his hand frbm
plunder and begun to cherieh and the rninda o f t h e
peopla, and h e lefb hiearmy io that oountry and publiebed
t h e "khutba" (eermoo) in his name, and in the fiieb .
(beginning) of eprinp; he wenb to Cthaani.

And in the year 413 of the Hegira, on the way-to

Lahore, he determined to go bo the country of Nanda,
When he reached the fort of Gwalior he made arrarlgemente
to blookade it, After four daye the raja of that fort sent
to him very intelligent messengers with (an offering.of)
thirty-five elepbanta (and) made peace with him,

.. The Sultan started frcm that place for Kalinjrr wbere

.Nanda abode. Nanda eent 800 e1ephant.s (ae en offering) for
.pence. When the Sultan had accept.ed the elephante,the ,
.raja turned 411 tire elephants, without their attendante,
looee in the p1ai.o. The Sultan gave orders to bis Turks
and they seized bhem ell and mounted upon them, and the
people of the forb were eeboandd ab bherre.,
 h d Nende in. thg Hiodu bongue oompooed ,s+ poqm in
preiae of the Sultarr and eenb i t to him. The Sultan
ahowed thab poem to tbe learned men of Binduetan aad of
Arabia end of Perbia (and) Itbey all cried bravo ! " end
"well done."
The Sultan wee very pleeeed and gave him a commieeioa
8 6 ruler of f i f t e e ~ fortreesea,
~ of which one wan the fort of
Kalinjar (iteelf) together with (many) other presentr.
Ntrlrda aleo preeented to l.Ile Sultan much riches and many
pearle (and) then the Sultan started back to Ghazni and
arrived there safely.
And in the year 415 of the Hegira he took 8 muster of
the army. Wibhouk (counting) that army \vbich wae in
(~iietant)proviuce~they wrote with petre (upon the mueter; . ..
rolle) 54,000 mounted men and 300 elephante, and with thab
~ p l e n d o u r(of rebinue) he started for Balkh.
Ab thab time the people of Mawar-ul-Nahr complained
of the rule (lib, hand) of Alitagin. The Sultan croaeed tbe
Jnihun river, determined to remove him. The nobles of
Mawar-ul-Nahr came oub to receive him and t;rougbb e ~ l u .
offering6 worthy of their poaitione (lib. eelvee). And Yusuf
Kedar Khan, who was King of all Ttlrkeetan, aleo oame to
rweive him. He w ~ granted
e an interview wibh t h e ' ~ u l t e a ,
(who received him) with greab affection and friendship,
T h e Sultan wae gre,rtly pleased (with him) and they held
(varioue) ssaembliee and presented to one another offerivge
and rrritiee and plrted with peace, and (with well) pleased
(minds.) When Alitagin IeIbttIb thie newe he fled.,The Strlt.an
r n b man aRer him m d captared him and broughb big
bwk. And Ile pot t:ttere on lritn (and) confined him in a
(certain) fortreee of EIiudustan, and he llimeelf marched to
O bqzni.
 :.:CA.~
ib b
k( v i i j j a r , ia.. 4 l b o f ,he B i g i n , doe.o n e
k i b c &$mtitioo ti him .(saying) thab : "The : ~ i n & e %i
~ b k :Ay a dbab when ' eouls become - eeparated fro&
kdie; biieji.til,tl .go k3 d o service to Sornnakh, and tthab.h&e
every eoul ie m d e over bo the body (most) suitnble (to ib)':
~d&k&other belief of the Hindus ie this, thab the ebbing
a d d flowing of bhe ocean ie for the worship ef Somnath.
d n d t h e ~ r a h m s n a ' e a ythab Somilath w a e very angry witb
6boa&i86Ia .%hich Sultaa.3iahmud bad &oke'n dna t8ekefors
tiadiob helped tbein, sr' el'- i n the twinklfng of an ~ g b 6
would have destroyed them ell (i.e., the Sl~ltnn'sforces). *&&
r o o W : o f their belfefa is t h , 'thh Sorntlath is a ,EiLg,'. and
f b ~ ' @ l l othir
s idolrare his db'6r-keepers.anrd ' w a t c ~ m e & ; ' ~ ~ ~ ~ '
..; ,,'. . ....- ' a *?.'.< : , - , >. !..* . . - .
. ~ h d the n Sultan +a: informed of this i a t t e f h,e.made
.%rrn 6 m l v e io m!quer 8dPnath.)0tl the 10th dGpft h i j
. . of ~ h a.b ..
month . ..
k ' s d a r he ebarted for Someath mith a oh&&:.
h~!!i>.
army end with 30;000 mounted men, wairibrs of the k i t h ,
who 'bad 0619; fro? Turkestan and other
.
'?3; ' F ',
thdb (o.~~.;S~mn'a;tli)'ie a gieat city on.the
.$ .1,, , . ' ?

l & & y ; and'it'ie i h e (chief) $a& of wo*ship of & t h e B i d - .

m a o i *#& (at&ye'f)'Gheatl~en and (the idol) Sbmnabh was:
i i e # f n thab'$&$. ~ n d ' i bis'kaldted in bihtories t6rrb:pbdple,
ii tberti&e of the'' irophea of the l s a t ~ e r i o den , w Y m b;
peke,h& &ugh( a g r e a t idol named Somnabh frdm the.
t(sa$ir'(i. o;;Macca), and had taken i t to that place and had
Zoun&e& ttrat..city in ite name. But it wmild appear'from
the booM'af:the first (of the): Brahmane, which books were
o t i d ~ i ~ i d ' r '- ~ t h o d i ayeare
n d before.*(~hd-en o f t a l a m , tbat
i t dd*.,, .
bfiel accouib js not trur. ~ n d e e d , t h b ~ * ~tlmt & & thab iddlia-
'of .the tim'e 'of.Krisboa, nnd ~ h n t ' i s k i u rt l ~ ~ u e a ny'brsd (itgo$
&ad tbe'B[ahmaoa uaed to worehip i b , and rrccurdii~gto tl'ii.
vetrioo of the Brehmane, Kriehna dieappeared (from earth)'
 in bhab very place. The Sultan on Ghe 15th of ohe ~ o m e a i ,
which Pathans call " the month of fashing, " reached Multan.
'As lie was advan ting a waterless and grasslese deeerb
' appeared before I~irn,so the Sultan ordered thab each one
ehould cmrry wnter and gram with him. And as a precautiorl
,the Saltan Irimself loaded twerttsy thousand selected. carneb
- 'with water and grass. When bliey had braveraed'that deso- raw 46.
late, wilderness they reached the city of bjmere.
And the raja of thab place had witlidrawn from the road
'(a,)) the soldiers of the Sultar~ begau to day 8nd plut~der.
' But (as) their objecb was to deslroy Somnatli, they did notl
wait to carrf. tlie fort of djmere, (but) wenb on aud beized
t h e road before them. Aud during tlrjs they came .up61r
rndn) forts full of brave nlen ; bub all were filled with fear,
~ud?vitboubanything (in tlie way of fighting) they agreed
(to hckno\+lidge the Sultau'e rule), after thob lie' reached
. ?!Jabrwala and found that city empty, (so)' the Sulbaa ordered
(his men) to go and fetcli from that city much graes.
When tiley had gone and fetched the"grds8thej rret ou6
"
quickly, and with tho t~tmosbspedd reached ~ornnabh."
- And bhere, on the seashore, they saw a greab fortreee (80
great) tbab a man worild think thab its summit touched the
sky a i d the waters of ~ l sea~ ewarred wit11 ite walle, (abd)
-" many infidels were seated on its surnmib gazing ab the
%!usalm~ns. And they were crying wiLh loud voicee,
.
-
" S o m ~ n t hhas led jorl here, so that with one blow he may
day you all, and he will now take his revenge for all the
idols you have broken in Hindustan." Nexb day as the
I-
euu
, .

rose the Sultan issued orders to his army, (and) t h e y a d n b

etraighb to the base of the walls of the fort to figbb. ~ h e l
the Hindus saw bheir bravery and courage they lefb the
. a m h i t of the fort, for fear of the archers, (aud) all' fled to
the idol-houses
L > . * *
aod begged aid from Somnath.
 he bfu&m.a.a pian ted lidders .'nd climbed ', bo the
bummib of the forb, and with loud voices chaobed, God ie
g*wb 1" The Hindue also unanimously opposed them, and
'

they fought together the whole dny. 'When night came

both armiee rented, and nexb day the battle joined in the
Orme way (and) unbil night they were themeelvee oub (and)
they killed, many heatben. On.the tbird day many armier
mme from (all) pat te of Hinduetan and drew themeelvee
up i s linee outside on the plai~l. The Sultan lefo eome to
Cowry on) the siege and the reeb went ond gave batble on
the plain. And by the coming of the Chiefs of Pramdev and
Dsbiehlim, the Musalmane' strength failed. The Sultan in
great prief went to a corner and eeized the mantle of Abul
FJawno Kharkani, and prayed t o the preeence of the Pure
God for victory and cooquest. Then he came to the centre
sf hie liue and chargod upon the intidele. vicbory 'was hie
deetiny, and he elen five bhou'eitld heretiol. n d kheo . fear
.
overcame the people of 1.11sfoib, they l e h the fightiog and
h e ~ r e i m a n eaod attendante of Sorrnabh, who were aboub
four thoueand, went to the bank of tbe sea Aman r a n seated
Obemeelvee in boats and started towards the island Ssrandip,
(.Lee, Veyloil), Bub the Sultan had previouely .bboughb of thin
nod had pested eeveral ehtpe filled with eoldiere on the way
Swandip. Wlleo to them the sllipe of the heathen a p
peared'bhey pursued them (nod) eank them all in the waber. .
Then the Sultan with hie eons and noblee enbered bhe forb
and viewed all ite buildinge.
'. .Afrer that (he saw) in the fort an idol-houee which had
Ppen builb 00 long and broad, tllat it had fifty-six pillare.aod
all ,were studded with jewels.
@nd ,&mnrth was an idol of atone five yarde l u g , of
i n o yard, were in the a r t b and bbfee yarde oub.? When
the Sultrp'r gem fell on the idol be had a babbleme in hb
 hand and etrack jb so in the fane thnb he broke the face,
k f t e r bhab.he gar; brdbra (*ad) todk two pieces froul i t
(+ndj sent them to O l ~ e z ~ ~Clue
i . h e put ill bllu doorw~ryof
-.
t h e Friday moeq'l~e,and'ohe obhcr he pub ill' the palaco of
' t h e ~ b ; ~ audietlcs
'e ha1 1.
* . I . .
, -,
, , , I

: For six hundred yeere thoee pieces (of the l$y

;bberq end.peoplp used to see them. . -
- And. he separated two mura pieces'of S o m n a ~ ~and-senb
h
bhein to Mbccs and Mediua ( s o ) ' t h ~ tthey rnighb plt~c-.tl~ern
in the-mairi roads thab poor 'and ~ r e a b mighh
. wulk ovey
th'em. 2 , . > . ,.:
t f

And this etory is ( a h ) true thab nt t'he time he waH

.going to break Somn~\tb,a band of B r a h n ~ h nappeal6d ~ to to

the uoblee 6aJit~g): "If the S u l t ~ n\pill nob break thia idhl
we i i l i pay 8 0 m11c11'into the Stttte t . i e e ~ u r ~ . ' 'l'lld t~oblee .
'

, ~ ~ athid to' ~ l l e' S L I I ~ H I I: B;

'approvrd t,f t h ~ es a g y e s t i ~ and b1

the breaking of thia'idul idolatry will nob be lost to thie

couuiry, end if wealth be ttiken inebead o f i b many Mu@al-
mane will benefib by'it."
,The Sultan said : " Your worde are Irue, buh if I d o this hy. c?.
@ing .people \oil1 call me Mal~mnd, the idael-sell~r,' nnd
if I hreak i a they will call me a M a h n ~ a d ,the idol-breaker,'
N o w i t is better that both in tohieworld and the next they
.ehould call me ' the idol-breaker.' pot the ,idol-eel14 r,' 'I:;
and bhe advantage of the firm fnitb ~ ) the f Sultqn w ~ nt,l!at.
(when) he broke that idol eo malty royal p ~ a r lcame ~ , out .!~f
its belly-bbab they were a hundred t#i,men mpre than the
Brahmane' price (which they had offered.)
And i h is written in the " Hebib-ul-Siyar " tbab Som-
neth ie the name of the idol which the Rind118 ,ecoounb
ohief among ,their idlllrr,. but frsbrn the wurdj. of Strrikh
 Farid-ud-Din ALbar it appears contrary to thie, ae the follo~v-
ing ootiplet itself bears witness :- '

The army of Mahmud is the midat of Somnath

Found an idol nl~dit had the n m e of Nalh,

That is " Som" wae the name of the idol-lrouee atrd

Nath " 'wee tlie idol iu it.'
-
And to tlie writer of these linee it appeare that what the
!
hietorinna have enid ie true, and the Sheikll'e words are uob
cot11radictory, because tlrie word (Somnath) is a compound ,
cf " Som " atid N ~ t l r , ' tbtld "dom " was the name of n
raja wlro consLructcd tlie idul ut.d '' XaLlr " wss the uame of
the idul. Later, by reaeon of ite conetat~t use, Lot11 became
one nnme, aud i t was ueed aa the namo of the idol and aleo .
of the idol-houeo aud also of the tit!.. No, if anyotre
page 63. calla tlio name of the idol " Somuatlr " or aaye Nath 'I alolre
both are equal, nnd " Neth " iu tlie Hindi botrgue mealle -
" vetrerable."

And in the temple of Somnath on nights or daye when

the moon or the eun is eclipsed more thau two or three
lakhs of people would assemble, aud from distrrnb countries -
people would bri~lgoffering8 to ib, a l ~ dall the villages with
which (variou~)rulere of Hindustan had cndotvcd Somnath
we10 rgid to be two tboiiaand (in number.) \?-

Aud two tlroueaud Btalrmane ueed contiuually to wor- +

s l ~ i pSomnath, and every uight they used to bathe it in freeh
wnter from.tbe Gangee, in epite of the fact theb six hundred
kuu ',of road luy between the aauges aud Simuath. -
Atid a cl~ailiof gold wae lrung from oue corner of t h e
temple to bhe o~trer,(sad) bellw were suspended from t h ~ b
ohain. 'Whenever nnydue wolild shake the chain and ttre
'
Braltmrus would hear bbey would aseemble for worehip.
 And five hundred singing and dancing slave-girls sad
three hundred male mueiciane lived alwaye in thab idol-
houee, and their food and reqcliremente were eupplird from
bbe endowment.
And Lhree hundred barbere w e d to sit ready to shave
beards or heada, and nlosb of the rnjae (of Hindastan) used
to eend their own dauglltcrs aa an offering for the eervice of
Somnath to that idol-houee. And ea many pearl8 were
received into tlre Sultan's treasury from tlrat idol-house t h ~ t
one-hundredth part of those pearle had never beep collected
in the traasury of any king. An in the hietory of Znin-ul- h8b'*

Uaaeir i t ie related thab originally t h e idol-house in which

Somnabh wae, was dark, and ite liglrb woe owing to the light
of the pearle which lrad been placed in lamps and the lustra
(which) ehone from them.
And in the treasury of Sumnoth so many small idols of
gold and silver were found tbrrb people could not counb
them.
Be bhe Philoeopl~erSanai hae maid :-
The idols o l Mecca and Somnetti were destroyed
By the hands of b l u b r m l n a c l ~ u dof bf~llmud.
From Meccn M ~ ~ h a r n m aremoved
d oppoailion ;
Sonrnath was made by hIehmud pure euct clean.
I n shorb, when bhe Sultan was relieved of the (auxieiy
of the) affair of Somnatb, he dc cided to punish Haja l'romdev,
who was the grenb R.tjs of Nahrwnlu cit,y, becaiiee (wlies)
the Sultan was e11g:rged ill t h o ~ i c g oof S o ~ n ~ ~ u4m
t l h11ad c c ~ ~ t
much assistonce to tile h e a t l i e ~ ~; si~tdeccl~ w ot w *;ve LJIUII.
sand blue~lmenahad fallen mbrLyre at the h a u d ~dUa arm)..
And after the victory of Sornna~h,Kaja Pramdev &b horn ,.
Nuhrwala, which wne tlrd capiboi of Gajernh, a ~ t d 61mly
edtobliclhed l ~ i m ~ eit1
l f Lhe fort of Khaudo. Aud from &,nl.
uatL by dry (land) h a t fort wae six.scuro kos jourrroy. And
 When the S ~ l ~ ~ a n ~ r a a cthe
h e dlimite of ohab fort he saw thab
tliere was ~ n ~ i c wrrter
lr all rould ib and from no' direction
.was r.here nny wny of nppronch to ib.
Pnvl 63. ' The divrra uf t#lrearmy did all l h ~ ycould (iib. took muoh
bl,ougl~t,)but, rtrry c told ootl a t all ul~deretand(any solution
~ f Ltle
) crur. T ~ I ~IIHI beut I fur the divers of the country
alld naked tlrrlri . I ~ O U I bike I ( I U ~ U of)
I ~ I )getting to tile otller
birt~k, T~rey#.rid : 111uuch ulrd uuch a place there is a way
of crv~sillg(i.6, a f0r1.i)~hub nlllluid tire wat~erncome in tvavea
all the people ( w h~ are tr! i r ~ gto cruuu) will be drowned,''
, ' T h e ' S u l t ~ osought un vlneu iu blie great Kuran trnd
pinoid hi# reliance un the favour of Qad. Bud with hie
nublea unii soldiers Ire rode lria horse iato the water aud in
eufety he re,iclied ~ h t fur~Jier ! bal~k. T t ~ ee.rving of hi^ own
lifu. appenred to Pra~udev the great~eeb (of all possible)
~ h l a ~ u i ~ ~ g )hrrvil~g
; t ~ r ~ ~gotl beyoeA (thought B I ~ ) hie Ilonour
or Iiiq good urm3 i ~ ewencl o u t 11f trla fort by himvelf iu the
g:~.rb of n fakir end fled t u eurna coruer, aud tbe suldiere of
t ~ l eS r ~ l t a ~e !~ t ~ e r etlre
d , fort aud killed rnnl~y iufidele, aud
made a l a ~ of u ~tlieir tvt~ineu:bud b,~ya,arrd the property aud
jewl,la of toe raj 6 they dapt~9itetiiu the Sultan'a trewury.
, Tue Suloan,.vice~~rioua aud couqupriug, weub to Nahr.
.wola, tpd, wh51i he 8 r W cbe pure air, beautiful yuuths, and
. graau gurdells, arid clear C U I I I I ~ I Iwater, ~ aud (ever}) other
tbiug ,require?; for enjog m a ~ ~ be t , decided to live for some
y a w i p t l ~ a tcouutry ; illdeed I I approved ~ tlf thie (thougl~t)
tt~q 1%~ uJw$G make t h a t pl,ice his capital, a114 uhould
e~itrgek- ,.y (Jliu eotl) Sultau M*uud, From eome
b ~ ~ k m & f ~ b ~ & . ysypnilrs i y ~ t that a t that, time eome fiw minee
pf p u gol.d.lbad
~ b e e u ' f ~ ~ u tthere,
~ d aud that the King for
pig 63, t b @ . p a ~ o n(wau iuclined ts) make that place hie oepibal
aod u ~ wno e i g ~of ~hooeminee is lefr, And: this. .ha8 fre-
gueutly happened, i L e b ab bhab . b e the@ wopld be s mine
w e w h e r e and that now i b ie loeb. For .instance; in Seiebsn
ia the bulta~r'stime a mine was found, w d , eome time.efber
waR losb on account of an earthquake. And in theielaad of
Sararrdip and of Pegu H I I ~irr other harbours alrd island0
minee of gold a ~ r dsapplrires Ired appeared, So the sultan
wansed to seat his army in boats and subdue those countriee,
but tlie nobles, on nccourrb of tlieir well wishing (towarb
him) represented tlreb Kborae,in hud with great trouble come
into their possession atrd irrrramerable people had beeu kill-
ed, now to leave i t nrrd to cetabllab Gujerab as capital did
not appear advisable. Tlrie advice had (its)' effecb on the
~ultau'emind, atrd Ite determined to return (bo Ghazni) and
he a i d : "Choosg a man to whom to entrusb tb.e aovernmenb
of thie ouuntrj~." Tlla nobles conaulbed togettier and piti-
tioued the Sultan sa).it,g, " We cannob come and go con-
etatrtly in tlria coulrtry, so if ib uppears desirable to tlre
Sultan let I l i ~ na p p o i ~ a~ tman of tlris c o u ~ ~ l raey ruler."
Tire S u l ~ a nheld council with the people of Somtratl~on
thia subject, (and) tliey said to him: '. In this place I I O orre
cat1 come up to ~11eDabislrlitn (familj) in dignity aud in
(purity of) birth, a~rda t this (very) time there ie a man of
their family here i n he garb of a Brahman. If the Sultan Page54.
will entruet tbie work Eo him, then i t would .be well. Bub
eome people eaiti : I' Tbis Dabiehlim is a very hareh temper-
ed. roan, arrd hne formerly foughb several ,times for the
throne, and each lime has been taken captive by Iris brotlien
a ~ r dhee obteiacd release by (eltowing) humilityaod (by mak-
ing entreaties. Now perforce he has taken to ({,helifeof e
recluse, and has taken his eeat4in'the temple.
But there ic, anotller Drbielrlim from aniong Ilia relations
who is very intellige~i~ and tinderetaode (matter8 of 'Statb)
ex tremely well. Irrdeed all the Brebmans admib Iris (superb
sr.) undbretanding ,and foreeight: . And eb -the pmeot
 momeab he is Governor of snch and such a place, bub if bhe
Sultan will (deign to) give an order he will come with
pleasure (lib. with bobh, eyes) anti will presenb himself for
bhe eervice (of tlie Sultan), and oe the Sultan may please in
thab way will he protecb the interests of the country, and
year by year will pay the revenue of Hindustan into the
Sul tank treasury.
The Sultan said: Were that man preeenb here and had
himself said tlroee'words i t would have been more fitting,
bub as I have never eeen him or see eyee on him, to give
him so greab R c o ~ ~ n t rwould
y be a thing (worthy) of every
foolish people."
Then tho Sultan sutnmoned that B r ~ h m a n Dabiehlim
and entrueted him with the government of Nahrwala. H e
took on himeelf the (responsibility of the) tribute and reve-
nue (of Nshrwala) and - petitioned ttru Sultau (eayit~g),
"Such .and euch a D~bishlim (who) is (a member) of my
family and haa greab eomity towards me, now when he
learne of the King's departure and comee to attack me be
5 . will defeab me, a9 1 have not eo rn~icl~ power and etrenqth
(ae he, a t ~ d )if the Sultan will release me from hie intriguee
I will pay yearly into 'the Sltltan'a treasury twioe the
revenues of Ca'Jul and Zabal."
The Sultan said : " I t is (now) two years since we came
for thie Holy War, nob two indeed bub two aod-a-half ; me
will, however, firsb come to ae undersLt\ndiug witll lliln R I ~
after t1i:rt we will tlriuk of returr~ir~g lo o u r i~ativeItrt~d."
Accordingly he eeub an army to the cuuulry of 1)sbish-
lim and in a little while hey conquered that courrtry (also)
and broughb that (other) Dabishlim alive and gave him over
to the (first) I)abisblim, Dabislilim made e pelition ( e e ing). ~
''In our religiorr i t ia uot lawful LO kill a king. Indeed it
the ouetom whenever oue king ie ttrken yrisouir ab Ihe
 han'd of anoblier king, that he sllould b ~ i i l dfir him a confined
dark cell u'ndor his own tlirotte and make a hole in it in order
thab he may give him water and bread, a,~rdthab he should
remain captive in it until one of the two should die. Now,
a8 1 have not sufficietlt organizcl~iot~ to bo able to keep an
. enemy s privoner with safety to myself, a ~ r d if t l ~ eSultin
ehould go I fear lest liis relalious mighb rebel egaiuet me
and release Iliin from me, so I aek tlrnt tlie Sultan may (be
'
pleased to) take him wit11 him lo Glrazoi, and wl~eli my
etrength nnd power ie (snfficienlly) developc:d the Sultan
'
may (kindly) seird him (bbck) to me." The Sultan granted
this petition also, Two 1 enrs nt~da half after (Iris settillg
out on tlie expeditioti to Somi~otlr)he reluroed to Gbbzui,
Bub aa Raja Pramdev a n d t l ~ eRnja c~fAjmcre end (u~ul,y) I'rge 56.
ohher rajljae had collected fi great Rrmy alrd llad laketr poeeee-
sioti of t.he Snltnrr's route, the Saltan did not consider if
advisable to (give them) bnt.tle, (aud) stalttd for blultatr by
the snit1 ronte. Tlie army suffered greatly in every place
(for want of) supplies, water and grase, aird with great
trouble renched Ghazoi in the year 417 of the Hegira.
Arid aR the Sultan was starting for Multan by the eaid
route, he ordered t h a t a mail was ri qiiircd to accompany them
to show them road. Accorditrgly a Hiodu agreed (to do
-: his) (and) s~tlrtednt the liead of tlie army, and he led the
army by s u c l ~a route tliat there was no siga of water any-
* where on tbab route. Wlien a highb and a day Lad paeeed
such hardstlips had come rlpon tile army that each one said,
Verily tile signs of the Last Day have appeared :" The Sul-
tan questioned the Hindu (eayiog) : " What eorb of road is
tbie that you have broughb 11s by ?" The Hiudu said: "I a m
counted as one of tlie servants of (tire God) Somuath, and
I have broughb you and your army by this route in order to
destroy you." The Sultan became furioue cmd elew the
 Hindu bbsn (and there). And thab very nighb he lefb ,the
ariny and' wenb to a deuert (opot), and tltere he bowed 'hie
face in prwtrntion before the Pure God, and wid1 mmy lamen-
tation~'he prayed for deliverance for himeelf aod hie army. .
When one watch of the nighb had paeeed, in the mubh
a brighb light appesred to him. H e a t once issued order8 to
Psge57, hie army (and) they wenb in the direction of thab light.
Nexbday when dawu was breaking they reached the bank
or river nnd by blre blessing of the devotion of the Sultan
they ecaped drabh. And Dsbishlim (had) found etrengtli
(bo establish himself firmly) in the goveramenb of Somaattr,
(so) after some time ho senb ineseengers wit11 pearls and
treasure to'the Sultan a d asked for hie enemy from him.
To the Sultan this co!i;se apprnred to be injudicious,
and. he was ptrplexed regarding, the eetlding of thah yontb,
but (ae).the nobles and rniilis~rrswere ,plel\sed with Dabiah-
lim they petitioned the Sultan (u~ying): " What kiudtrese ie
required to heathens and herebics? a ~ l dtho Sultan had trleo
promised to eend him back, so ib is righb thab this youth
should now be sent to him." In shorh, he made Dabiehlim
I '

over bo the messengers and dismissed them. When they

reached Somuath Dabishliln (the rul'er) gave ordeie and gob
ready a cell according bo their well known cuetos, and
himself wenb oub to meeb the youth and pub upon hie Iread
hie own dieh and water jug, And made bim run by the
ebirrup of bie horee and led him toaarde the cell (which he
prepared).
But as he was going along the road, for joy he WM
making his horse gallop aboub on o m uide of road and on
the other, (and) the heht of the sun overcame him (and)
he lay down under a tree tc, roet, a ~ l dwas b k i u g breabh:
arrd be rpread a red handkerobief over hie faoe,
 14 a b a ~ o e d*ah m.he nae bhue (lying), by bhp ., dwree ... . ...:
qf.the,Lprd af Might, a p,.*erful'bird b m . e ;nthg
. - eppe.a!$:,
i? rnifbqk, thab.:kerihief fur (ra*) L e h and @ ~ * o p eadt i t iq: ,

eucha,way thab he plunged hie clsws,irlbo the eyes of, ~ i b i - . : P8lr68.

ahlim, and both,(eyee) were blinded.
, kpd- ab tj)ab time the chieftains ,of Hinduetan would
nob accapbltlte r.ule of the crippled, the lame, the blind or of
anyone. in soy way defective. A clamour aroee amdng., bhe
army, and, the prisoner Dabiehlip c a v e with .thoee . denep
crowds to eee.the eight. As thgre mae no ode elee there fib
to be a kiag, they made tlwb very prisoner king end place$
tbab dish.and water j!lg on the head of the blind Debiehlim,
and they pub the captive Dabiehlim in the eaddle &lib.
ebirrup) and book bhe other qllickly to the prienn cell.
Subbao Allah, thab ie, I mention (the name of) Gt,d purely,
in the bwinkliog .of an eye whatever .the Brahknan Dabishlim
had thought of for the obher, thab very'thing was done to
him, add the meaning of this tradition 'of the Ptophe't,
$ 6 Whoever diggebh a pib for hie brobber, ho will assuredly

fall iato'ib himself" became manifest.

(He, i.e., the Brahman) was confounded by hie, own
&tion, and ip place of beare he wepb blood, and kept on
eaying bo himeelf thie lamftnb :-
My heart and eyer themoelvea have ,borled.
My earthly body into fin and flood.
Okerve my state wPth both your q a s .
.: And in your heart3 pity my condition.
Pee, this is the will of Altnighty God (that Be) takes
from one hie kingdom and hurls him to the cart11 and
another he preeerve~in the belly of a fish. ad' i e ie related
in the Jami-uCHikayat that the8ulwn t ~ a ri e a temple 6f
.
Hindueban
,
.
an idol
,
which wlre stunding in Ll~e air jvithout, ' ..,'.',,' . . + as.
a:Ohriu (DO aueydnd
I . . . . . .it.), . No f e 2 . k .. ,u f iie
. . . , , eprpeneiuu:
. ,pp!4;:
 be eeee, nbr hid i t move from side tb side, nor di.d i t fall .
down. When the Sultan saw thab idol, he inclined hie
ttiougllte to ib and asked the wise men (naying, " Whah skill
i i this (by) wbiah this idol is standiug in the air." They a11
replidd with one Coasenb, 'rilie idol i8 of iron and these
wB11s are'of loadstone, i.e., tlret stone which attrtrcta iron
to iteelf, so of course ttrat idol is stationary in the middle,
and doe8 tloa move (either from ~ i d eto side (or) down or
u p (or) furward or backward. The Sultan gave orders (and)
they deetxoyed one waH (and) the idol a t thab very momenb
fell headlong to the gronud. And in that year wlleu the
Sulta~r,reached Gllazni, LL(: Ct\liph 81-Kadir-o-Billah of
Bagdad eeut him a letter, in which h'e had written eeparate
titlea for tlre S ~ ~ l t aand
u for his sons, The title of the
Sulban was " The shelter of Dignity and Ielam " aud bhe tide
of the Amir hlasud "Brilliaut Star of Dignity and of Lhe
Beauty of tlre Faith," and for the Amir Yueuf " The Fore-
afms of'Dignity end Strel~gtllgiver of the Faith." And
aFter this he htid written, Whoever thesultan may nominate
tu tlre kingdom in I I ~ H place he will ulso be accepted by '

u s ' And thie leltei. reached tile Sultao in Balkh.

rag 9 80. Aud iu that very year the Sultan etarted to punish bhoee.
J e t s who were in the.Jodi mountains on t h e bank of the
river, because ab the time when the Sultan was ooming
(back) from Somnatb those J a ~ betlaveds dierespectfully to
bhe army of tlre Sultan. Wben he arrioed a t Multan, he
gave orders that four thoueand boats should be built;. and
that io caclr boat threo spikes (lib. horns) of iron should be
e t r o l ~ g lfixed,
~ one epike a t the head of the boat and the
other two a t the eidee, so that whatever mighb collide with
i t should not remain uninjured. These (boats) bhey all
launched into he water aud in each boati he m t e d twenty
mad with (oheir) arrowe, b o w and burning .glaoeee and
 obher m u n b i w of W a c and sbrrbed off bo exbermhabe bhe
Jate.
And when the Jats became aware ( of this ) bhey ~ e n t
(their) women, boys aud girls to the islsnds, and the men
alone remained equipped for battle. Then they Iauo~heJ
4,000 boats, some say even 8,000, on the river, and i n every ..
boat were seated many armed men ready for battle.
When bobh sides mob, they fougl~t a greate battle; bub
.every ljoab of the Jats, which collided with the spikes of the
boabs of of the Sultan's army, went then and there to pieces
and the Jate (in it) were drowned in the river.
To ( make a long story ) short, most of them were
drowned and the few t l ~ a tremained they made pass under
bhe sword. And the soldier8 of tlla S~lllan then purslied Pngo 61.
their families and brought them all captive from the islande.
The Sultan conquering and victorious relurned to Ghazoi.
And in tho year 418 of the Hegira the S u l h u deputed
- t h e Governor of Tus Abul-hrb-Arealao to go to ~ b i w n r d
and Nissa, and gave 11imorders (saying) : " Go R I I ~extermi-
nate those Turkomans who have crossed tho river Alnu and
are palcing disturbances there. "
When bhe Amir of Tus had gone, and had had .r~uclt
fighting, he wrote a petition to the Sultan (saying): "If tho
Sultan will be so kind (as to come) himself there is a hope
of success ; if not, ib is very difficult to put dowu their dia-
turbances. "
The Sultan 'himself set out against them aud scaltered
their band.
And when the Saltau'a nobles wero victorious over bhe
country of Iruk, trod took i t from the poss~eoioti of tho
desaeadants of Boya, he' was obliged to go thence to Rae.
 , . .
~ d i tee a t breaeures of Rae' which, for' niany yekra, bhe
Delmi rulers had accamulated, feh into hie hands wibhoub
figliting and witboub a struggle. And among the followers
of false religions atid Karamats whoever he focnd, and
against whoever (the oherge) wtie proved, he slew them ;and
he gnve tho governments of Rae and Isfaban to Amir Maaud
and he himeelf went bo Ullazni.

And a little \vllile after consumption, or some other

severe illness att'acked the Sultan, bub etrenuouely prebend-
pege62, ed to the people to be well and strong, aud in thab state
(of health) he' menb to Balkh. When it wag epring-time
he again came to Gtiazni. And his illness became very
severe there. Then in Uhazrri, from thab very illneas, in the
year 421 of the Hegira, on T h u r ~ d a y ,the 23rd of Rabi-ul-
Akhir, wlrich Pethans call " the moubb of the second
sister" (and) hie age wae 63 yeare, he made hie journey
from this world (to Paradiee). Now he had reigned for 36
yeare. And thab night while ib was raining they took hie
bier and buried him in the Turquoiee Palace ab Qhazni.
'And Sultan Mahmud wae of medium heighb and hie
limbs were symmetrical and hie face was pibted (with small
pox). And he was the lirsb (king of Gbazoi) to aesume bhe
'

tide of Sultan.
And when t l ~ eSultan was about to die he gave orders
t,wo days before (hie deceaee) and they broughb from the
, lreaeurr and placed before him in the courtyard (of his
palace) bags of gold aud eilver, and various eorte of pearls
and cloths which be had collected during a lottg period, and
I hey couvertrd the courtyard into a emall garden, and he
gazed a t them with much regrets, and wept cryiug, alas
slL,I Aftbr a shorb time he eenb them (back) to treaeury
and (in spibe of his beitlg) in euoh a etabe (of health) he
gave nothing bo anyone of all bhese bhinga. New for such a

aobs se theee the King has become (ill)-famed ae a miser.

And next day he seated llirnself in a horse-litter and
wenb bo a plain (near Qhazni). He gave orders (and) eenb
for all (his) horses, mules, elephants and camels, and for a ~spsb~.
momenb he viewed the specbtrcle and wepb wibh*grief ab
(th3 eighb of) uhem and started back to his palace,
And ib ie related by Abul Hassan Ali, son of Hassan
Sieimandi, that one day the Sultan aaked Abu Tahir Samrni
(saying) a How many costly pearls were collected by the
dynasty of Saman ? " B e eaid to him in reply : " I n the
time of Amir Nuh Samani seven and-a-half seers of valuable
pearls were collected in the treasury." The Stiltan eaid :
I' Praise to God that He has given me so many royal pearls
thab there are eveu more than twerity and-a-half seers (in
my treaaury)."
And it has been said thab at the end of his life he one
day heard thab a certain man in Nishapur owned grant
wealtb. The Sultangave orders (and) summoned him, and
€aid to him : " 1 have heard thab you are a heretio or irre-
ligious. " The other gave reply : " I n me there is no faulb
rxcepb thie much thab 1am wealthy. I possese much wealth,
so take all my posseeeions, bub do nob pub thie stigma
on me. "
The Sultan took all (lrie) wealth from him, and gave
him a warrant in which he had written, "Hie principlee ere ,,,,
those of the Musalmans. "
And it is related in the Tsbkat-i-Naeiri that the Sultan
was doubtful about thie (verse of the) Tradibions of the .
Prophet, uiz., The learned are the heirs of the Propheb, "
end (4ioubtful aleo)'about the (kubh of) the day of reswa
 reobion and (doubbful of) aboub bhe'pabernity and eonebip of
RC &. the Amir Babaktagin and himself. One night h e was going
somewhere (with) a eervant preceding him .with a candle
and a golden candleetick in his hand. A pupil in a school
wae learning by liearb his,leeeone, and when he had need of
looking ab bie book (lit. ab it) he wculd see lhab paragraph
/
by bbe lamp of a ehopkeeper. The Sultan'e hearb warmed
(lit. burnt) townrde bim (and) he presented him with thab
candle and candlestick. Tbab very night he sgw in a.dream
Muhammad the chosen one, on whom be peace a:,d greeting
and he mid to.11im : 011 thou eon of Amir ~nair-ud-din
Sabaktagin, may God give you honotir in both worlds alike 6s
you have bestowed upon my heirs 1 " All hie three doubte
: were changed into belief by tliat ssying of the prbphet, and
heeasforth.he firmly believed all three matters. And in the
semnd year afber hie decease a greab flood came which de- ( 1

etroyed many buildings of the city, and ( a n ) unlimited

(number of) people died in it, and thnt dam whicb Umr-ben
Laic Safar had built d,uring hie reign was eo carried away by
the'water thab no trace of it mas lefh,. and the wise eaid :
11 Thie terrible event haa occurred owing to thb death .'of
he just Sultan."
(They said this) beceuee the Sultan'e justice had
rekhed such a pitch that ona day a man came lamenting,
(and) the Sulta~ieaid to him, " Speak what do sou ,(wish to>
ay."'The other said : " bly requeet is not (61,) to be said
rw65, openly, if it be in private 1 will then (be able to) say it."
The Sultan summoned him to hie own p r i v ~ t eapartmeek
~ n queetioned
d him regarding tlhe matter. That man eaid,
" For a loag time ttie Sultan'rl nephew is ( in the h b i q of )
coming to my house and beating me with a whip. .He .
#

.driuerrme out and epe,ude tbe whole oighb wibh my wify.

 And-1 have been all thiq time telling bh e nobles and minie-
tere ; b a t they for fear of him coilld nob bring the matter to
thhe Sultan'e (notice), and no one had (sufficient) fear of sod
to do me justice. So I had patielice npd looked to you (for
help). Now that I llnve iuforrned you (of it) if y o s will d o
. me justice well (and good), aud if not, I will (still) be patienc
until the Pure God in his justice lnay riglrb my Wropg9
and take revenge for mo ou the tyrants (~110now oppress
me)."

The Saltan'e hearb trembled a t these words and be

3
wept e remely and then mid to bim : Why did Y O U nob
tell me his before." The other said : " For the whole of
my life thie has been my deeign, but I ne-rer had an oppor-
4
tunity of seeing JOII. To-day God hue been kitid (and) I
have presented myself before you by many devices, other-
wise how have poor ieople like me the power to,bring
themselves to such n place."
TlielSl~ltanRaid to him. " D o ~ i o ttell any ono that
you have criaticed to iuform the Sultan of your state, and go
home withoub anxiety. A~rda t whatever tirne that tyrant
may come and drive you out of your houee do you come
quickly.
: , The ~ t l r e rsaid : " How will any one leb me (approaoh
you) ? " The Sultan called liie door-keepere (and) gave
b
hem orders (eajing) : " Ab what'ever time thie man may Page 66.
come, do not you forbid him (eubraoae), leb him (in) and let
. him come to wherever I may be.
And besides this he eaid to him. secretly, " If they
make excusek to you, such 88, ' tbe King ie aeleep,' or de-
k i n "you by any other pretence, come to e w h and euoh a
place and softly (lib. slowly) call oub to me and .your oqjsob
 will be. attained." Then thab man (with) hearb ab ewe wenb
t o hie homm, bob thab (other) man neither came thab night
rwr the nexb nighb.
When the third night came the Sultan's nephew, ac-
oording to hie custom, came a t midnight and drove the mall
from hie houee, and without anxiety occupiod himself wibh
hie (evil) work.
Thab man came running to the Suiban's gato, bub the
door.keepere eaid to him : " Now the Sultan i e eleeping iu
hi; harem (and) no one cat1 go Lo him (bhere) ; had he been
in the public hall no one would stop you."
The men (being left) without (any other) remedy wenb
to the place which the King ha8 mebtioned to him, and
eoftly cried out,, saying : " Oh kind Sultan, whab are yon
doing " The Sultan replied to him, eaying : " Poor man,
daib, I am coming;" eo he quickly wenb oub, and,etarted
off with thtrb man, and when he enbered his house whab
doee he eee (but) hie nephew lying on a bed with the man's
wife and R candle burning (near) to him.
Tbe Sultan instantly extioguiehed the candle and drew
(hie) dagger, nnd with ib he severed. hie (nephew's) head.
Then he eaid to the man : I' Bring me a drop of water that
I may drink." When the other (had) brougbb the water,
and the Sultan (bad) drunk,ih, he said to him : ".Poor man,
r& go ! eleep withoubanxiety."
The man seized the skirt of the Sultau'e (robe) and
said to him : "I adjure youeby thab God who hae given you
tbie kingdom, that yorl tell me why did you extinguieh
tbab oanille, and why did you eend for water and then you
, whab for did you eey to me ' Go l d e e p with-
drdnk i ~and
ekib auxieby.; "
 The Sultan,eajd.!l o , him: '* I .releaeed you, from *e
tyranny of tbab tyranb and cub iha head ba him, rn, ' o.f c o .u ,n e
you beoome free from anxiety ;and cbe clndle I extinguieh-
ed for the reaedn thab I 'eaid (to myself), ' if I see hie eyer i b
may be tbab'ui accdunt bf (my) love foi (my) relatives I
shall not be able to strike a blow a t him (anki) he may
'

escape me,' and I asked for water, becauae ou that occasion

when you told me of your condition, I took an oath, euying,
' I will neither eab hor drink until 1.have freed thie poor
&an from bhe migchief of that tyrant ' ; so to-day i t is a full
three nights and days that I have neithe,r eaten uor drank
anything. And now that I have remnved his miadoinge,
I was very thirsty, so I drank water. " I n short, (shoegh)
.
every one will have heard tales of the' justice of kings, but
such a deed (as thie) no (other) king has probably ever done.
Apd io the history of Binai Geti i t is related that wheh
the Sultan went to Khorasan, i t oroesed hie. mind tbao he
wolrld go and pay a vieib to Sheikh Abul A a e s ~ n ' ~ h a r k a n i ;
bub he thoughb again t h a t (aa) he had come bhis time for
worldly affairs there, to eee him ,(when) in ,prosecution of
another a o r k is, no4 eeemly, - and that i t , would b e , better, $0
come again to (see) bim. (Sp) on that occasion .he r,eturped
from Khoraean a ~ i dwent to ijinduetan.. And when heagain Page ts,
oeme to Qhazni he deoided, of gainihg a future reward by
seeing the Sheikh ( e ~ detarted
j for Kharkan. When he ar- . .
rived be eent a mpn to .the Sheikh Sahib.laud) eaid to h i m :
:;s a y to him that the Sultan haa c o k e to hharkan in order
to see
i . .. you,
,
eo if you also will be so kind.,ae to oome oub of
your plyce of nqrehip, and come to tbe Durbar, ib *ill b ~ ,
dery .good (of you). " And he (aipo) ?id to the man : ".It
hv will' nob oome, repeat this s e n e to him, Oh 1.
who hare (been) brougbb (GO)bbe faith (of ~ j a m ) , obey the
 ,
. " 1
orden of o ad and obey the orders bf (Hie) Propbeb and of
the rulere (lib. bhe maebere of orders) who may be among you*
',when the meeeenger co~veyedbh eee worde to him, the
Sheikh Sahib a i d to him: Lg I am nee going. :' Tben thd
meeeenger read oub bo him that veree.
The Sheikh eaid to him : Acoepb my excueee and Ray
to the Sultan thab I am so occupied in obedience to the ordera
of God that 1 am aebamed a t (nob being able to carry out)
tbe ordere of the Prophet and never have leieure to (obey)
the ordere of the ruler. "
The meaeenger went back and told the Sultan the etate
(of the caw). The Sul~,rr~,'shearb eofeened (towards the
Sbeikh and) he eaid: " Riee, let ue go. H e ie not the sorb
of mau that we thoughb. " Tbeu he dreesed Ayaz in hie
own clothee and dreeeed up the slave-girls in boye' clothes,
and he ae a teSh took bhe place of Ayaz and pub Ayaz in bie
ow11 place (and) weob to the Sheikh Sabib'e hut. When
alley all enbered bhe but, and eaid " Peace be upon ybu ! " thrt
~apsg. Sheikh eaid, "And upon you peace ; " but be did not riee
from hie plaoe, and he turned hie face to bhe King (and)
did not even look in the direction of Ayaz. The Sultan
eaid to him :" He ie the King, but you did not riee to do
him honour. " The Sheikh Sahib eaid : " Tbie ie all a
trap, l n ~ It am nob ite bird. Do you come forward since
Qod hae made all theee etand before you! "
The Sultan eeated himeelf, and eaid to him: g g Say s
few w'orde to me. "
The Sheikh eaid to him : " Turn oub bhe not unlawful
onee [that ie, thoee women bhab are nob unlawful (in marri-
aige for meo]. The Sultan, made a eign (and) the slave-girl8
weub oub. Tben he mi$ to the Sheikh: Tell me eome ebory
dboub Baymid Bietami,
 The Sheikh eaid, Bayszid eaid (onoe), . " Whaever eew
me is free from evil forbune. "
The Sulban eaid : "The Propheb, on whom be peacp,
wae (e'ven) greater in dignity bhan Bayazid and Abu Jaha
used to eee him there, how did he remain (eo) unforhunate.
The Sheikh mid to him: " Oh ! Mahmud, think. No
one eaw Muhammad, on whom be peace and greeting ! excepb
the Four Friends and hie disciplee, and the proof of thie
arrertion is this saying of ~ ; Almighty,
d 'And thou art
looking ab bhem who gaze on thee and they do not see, "
The Sdtan wae very pleesed, and eaid bo him : Give
me advice. "

The Sheikh said : " Chooee four bhinge: firsb, abetinence;

eecond, prayer in the mosque ; third, generosity ;. fourth,
love for (your) people. "
Then he aeked him for (hie) blessing, and he said,
I' I repeab thie prayer after each of my five (daily) prayere, l~gs70.
' Oh God ! pardon bhe faithful men and women.' "
The Sultan eaid : " Make a special prayer for me. " The
Sheikh eaid : " Akibab Mahmud Bad, thab is may thy
I ,

end be laudable. "

The Sulban placed a bag of gold piecee before him.
The Sheikh broughb out for him a cake, of ,barley
(meal) and bold the Sultan to eab ib. . Ths Sultan began to
chew a piece of that cake in his mouth, bub ib would nob pace
(down and) atuck in hi6 throat.
The Sheikh eaid to him : " Does thia morsel (of ,cake)
obi* (in pour bhroab) and nob pwe idown), gh ? "
'3he Sulben sirid, " ~ e e "-
;
. .
 The ~hrikIr;aid: (('in t b i ' i i k d & a j il&'bheid gold
pieces stiak (in my threat). 'Take them', 'take the& liwaj,
I bave divorced (myself from) them. "
The Sultlun said to him : " Give me some (holy relic
as a) oharm. "
The Sheikh gave him his own ebirt'of wbich the sbory '

h d b h n told in the (narrative of the) fighb with '~abishlirn

and' Pramdev. And i t ie related in the ~ a m i - u l - ~ i k o ~ a b
tbab ab'the time when the Sultan oame to'the Sheikh, he
said to him: There were many works (to be done) in
Ktiofaeen, bub)I have oome from Ghazoi solely to have en
interview with.you."
The Sheikh ellid : " As you have come from Cfbazui tp
see me, what wouder is i t that people sholtld wieh to c o ~ e
from Mecca to see you, and (thab they ehould) oome ? "
Praiee to Qod ! The Sultan is a wonderfully greab mzn
eince sheikh Abul Hasran Kharkani h u thus a p k e n in, hie,
favour.
I t ie related in the Rozab-us-Safa thab one day bhe
Sultan n u ribting in hie palace and was lookiug from side
Page 71. to aide (when) he saw a man wbb had three cooks nibh him
and wne making signe to the Sultan. The Sultan senb for
him, aud said to him : ~ ' h a abave you to my, and whab
are you making bhose signs for ? "
H e said, l 6 S ~ r e1, am a gambler. I had made you my
partcer h h i u d your back (and) now I have won theee
bhree cocks l'or you. "
, ,rl'he Sultan gave some oua an order (aud) he took thoee
(cocks) from him.
1 Auutdler dayY,hetpugbb, him bno (ind) e i o t h e r day
sgsin brougbb three,
 On bhe fohrbh'day he sba'od 6thpiy-hand'ed aad iorrowa
fu\ below the Sultan'& palaad, (and) when the 8ulbG Ioolred
, s b him, he eaid :" Be ib well (with thee), why ie my partner
dejecbed ? " t

The m m eaid : " I was gambling hr the Sulbsn and

1
myself, and I have loet one thouea~~dgold piecee. Now bhe
r opponente have come and aak the for ia. ".
The Sultan gave an oiden, eaying : " Give him five
hundred gold piecee, and tell him that nexb t ~ m eif 1 am
nob preeenb he ehould nob aseociate me with himeelf (in hie
'

gambling). " . .
And i t ie relabed i6 the Habib-us-Siyar.~that the drab
minieber of the Sultan wee Abul-Abbaa Fhbil, eon of,A b m d
Aefaraini. Ab fireb he was a writer to King Faik. Then
when hie reign had passed, he became (a servant,) of the
I Amir Sabukcagin and gob the rank of minister. Then when
the Sultan became King he also made him a ' minieter ; bub
w Abul Abbaa d i d not know the faoguage of the Arabe, he
orderd thab the correspondence of hie office should be
written in the Persian laoguage ; bub when Kbweja Ahmad
-I
Maimandi became minister, he again sbarted Qhe use of)
the Arabic language. A I I thie
~ Abul Abbae understmd (aU)
. the affiire of State extremely well, and when he had been a rage 7%
minister for ten years he waa turned oub of - t h ~ bappoint- '
, meat. And from the saying8 of some historians ib appears
thab the Sultan used to colleot large uumbere of beautiful
elavee, and Abul Abbes had also thie taete; and on one occa-
eion some one eaid to Abul Abbaa: '' In Turkestan there ie
a ha~~dsome elave, if one were to eend for him iB is porrible
'(to procure bim), and there .is tri, difficalty iu (hrra~ging
for) hie comt;lg. "
",&but.Abbaa wnb' a man after him and.rent for.him. .
 When bbe Bulbma learub (of bhis) be ab onoe senb e maa
bo h i ~ nand demanded the slave from him. Abql ~ b b w
denied (bhab he had him), bub the Sultan made eorpe prg-
tence (and) wenb euddenly bo ~ b u Abbasb
l house.
Abul Abbae wae (busily) occupied in eerving the Sultan
and pleaaing hie hearb, (when) in tbe mideb of (their oon.
versation) the slave-boy made hie appearance. The Sulban
on accounb of hie having denied (the preeence of the boy)
became very angry (and) gave orders (saying) : Seize him
and plunder his properby. " Then he quickly etarted him ojf
for Hindustan, and eome of the nobles, by (reaeon of their)
oovebouenesa for hie money, put him to such tortures thab
be died there. And after him Ahmad, son of Haeeeo Mai.
mandi, became minisber, and this Abmad had sucked the
eeme breesb ee the Sultan (i.e., waa hie foster-brother.) and
wae (hie companion) in hie leeeons. And Haeean Maimandi
WM in the time of Amir Sabaktagin Governor of Bueb.
There sime embezzlement waa proved ageioet him (and)
by order uf Amir Sabakbagin they executed him. And
bhab (statement) which is commonly spoken of among bhe
people that Haaean Maimandi waa minieter to the Sultao,
is greatly misbaken and inaccurate,
And Ahmad, eon of Haeean, waa a fine penman and a
P4078. far-eeeing (man). At firab be used (only) to be employed in
work connebted with writiog and papere. Then gradually
the Sultan advanced him in rank, until he made him chief
of (hie) arm). Then after eome time the control of the
cibiee of Kboraean aleo came into hie hande, and when Abul
Abbee'e affairs got into (a) bad (abate), he became minister
in hie pleae. For eighteen yeare he gob on well. Then a
parby of bhe nobles, such es Albun Tesh and Amir Ali, and'
obhrrs like them, gob up (evil) reports behind him bwk to
rhob an 'cxtenb'tbab they 'turned bhe King's bearb agaimb
him, and he expelled him from the mininetry, And he en-
trusted him to a man named Bahram, (and) said to bim,
Take this (man) away, and there ie a man in bhe valley of
Kaehmere aalled Jangi, entrust him bo tbat man in order
thab he may confine him in a forb (known) q Kalinjar (lib;
of Kalinjar)." Thirteen yeare ho wm prisoner in bhab forb,
until irr the time of Sttltan Maeud he wae released. H e
again obtained tbe rank of minietar and died in the year
424 (of the Hegira), u~idthe Sultan after eome time made
Ahmad Hussan, eon of Mikal, who wae very clever and
extremely far seei~ig,(hie) miniuter. And until the Sultan'e
desoh i b was bie deetiny (to hold) hhab poet.
And the maatere of history have. relabed an anecdote
of Ahmad Hueean that a t tbat time wheb Sultan Mahmud
wae engaged in crushing Abu Ali Samjuri duriug the reign ;P?*:
of Amir Sabaktagin, he heard in a certain place thab there
wae a mendicanb there who wae famoue for (hie) many
miraclee and devotion. And the people call him Zahid Ahy hgerc
Poeb, thab ia, the renonucer of the world and the wearer
of antelope akin. And the Sultan nae very loud o f mendi-
eeote, and Ahmad Huesan used to deny (the truth of) their
(mireculoue) works. So the Sultan eaid to him: " You d o
nob believe in them people, bub fvlloa my ioolinatli'on (and)
let u s g o (to him)." So they bobh wenb and had an inbetview
with the recluee.
The mendicenb epoke worde like the ,eainba (of old a d )
the Sultaub belief in him increased, (and) he eaid to him :
Do you require any caeh or ( other ) thioge thab we may
preeenb ib to you ? " The u~endicanbrailed h i band the
b finb full of gold tb the Sultan, and iiid
air and held ~ o hi8
to him: " He who can obbaiu pure gold from the invirible
 brwuty (of hewen), whab .head .hoe he of (the aid of) any
om. else." , .

' Wheu the sulban eaw thie deed he wao:firmly oonvinoed

tbnb it war (indeed) s mirele.
Then the S ~ ~ l t gave
a n that gold to, Ahmad Hurean and
when Bhmad Bueaer had looked at ib (he eaw that) the
eeal of Abu Ali Samjuri wtie etamped upon (each piece of) it.
When they arose from the company of the recluee, the 1
Sultan eaid to Ahmad Hueean, " Did you see this rnir~~cle
or nob." He in reply made representation (saying) : " I am
not a disbeliever in the miracles of tbe eainte, bub thie doee
nob eeem proper to me that the Sultan ehould war with
people whose eeal ie in circulation even in heaven.' The
Sulban said: "Make me to understand the matter us to how
thie (can) be," The other ehowed him the coins, and hie
Pa11r76. glance fell on the inscription "Abu Ali Sernjuri"; he wae pub
to ehame and confusion. But the sorde of Ahmad Hueean
are oub of place, becauee such act# (ae thie) have by Ood'r
brdst been doue repeatedly at the h a u d ~of eaiute.
Agaiu, wben Sulban Maeud became king, he said tio
Ahmad Kueean, '' when you were coming (baok) from
Mecoa, the Noble, you pub on a robe of honour ( given you
by the hand) of the king of E g y p ~and
, (yet) he wae a heretio.
$0 you ale0 have beoame Batini," that ie, outwardly a Mueal-

man (and) inwardly a heathen. And on thie pretencs be

executed him in Balkh. Bud (of) famoue poete there were
many in the Bultan'e time; for instance, (there were) Aeayiri
hid Firdauei, an4 Minoahahir and 'Aneari, and 'Aejadi a n d
Dakiki, and Farrukhi ; other8 like them aloo ulled to be
p'reeenb ab hie ammbly.
 ( 65 1
This book was completed on Monday the
f i f t e e n t h of ithe moith of ) the ~ i t e ' rSister i n the
'

year 1289,of the Hegira. It has been translated

from that book of which the n a m e is, Gulsllan-i-
Ibrahlmi; and (which) is famous as the History of
Ferishta, and in the year 1015 of the Hegira
'
Mahomed Kasiln Astarabadi composed it.
I
Oh I Ahmnd (even) it your life be for a thousand yeare,
A t laat there will be separation from (your) friende.
Except God are doomed to destruction,
Be they mlelativeu or friends or strangers.

Translated ~t Lundi Kotal by Captain Roos.Kepp1 and QML:

\
AMul Qhani ~ h s n 10th
, June, 1901.
6 .