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failures or Hazard rate,: Rocof λ

There are two types of reliability: repairable and non-repairable. Repairable items can experience multiple failures over time and are characterized by metrics like MTBF. Non-repairable items experience only one failure over their lifetime and are characterized by MTTF. Failure patterns over time for both are illustrated by bath tub curves. Maintainability, maintenance, and availability are also discussed. Maintainability is how easy repairs are, and it directly affects availability. Availability is the probability an item is usable when needed and is calculated based on factors like MTBF, MTTR, and downtimes.

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Cabriga Jonathan
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55 views

failures or Hazard rate,: Rocof λ

There are two types of reliability: repairable and non-repairable. Repairable items can experience multiple failures over time and are characterized by metrics like MTBF. Non-repairable items experience only one failure over their lifetime and are characterized by MTTF. Failure patterns over time for both are illustrated by bath tub curves. Maintainability, maintenance, and availability are also discussed. Maintainability is how easy repairs are, and it directly affects availability. Availability is the probability an item is usable when needed and is calculated based on factors like MTBF, MTTR, and downtimes.

Uploaded by

Cabriga Jonathan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Repairable items Non-repairable items

Reliability is the probability that failure will not Reliability is the survival probability over the
occur in the period of interest, when more than item’s expected life, or for a period during its
one failure can occur. life, when only one failure can occur.

Can also be expressed as rate of occurrence of Hazard rate, λ – the instantaneous probability
failures or ROCOF of the first and only failure
characterized by the Mean time between Characterized by the Mean time to failure or
failures or MTBF only under constant failure MTTF or percentile life.
rate

Pattern of failures with time for repairable Pattern of failures with time for non-repairable
items (illustrated by bath tub curve) items (illustrated by bath tub curve)
CFR – constant failure rate is indicative of DHR – decreasing hazard rate are observed in
externally induced failures. It is also typical of items which become less likely to fail as their
complex systems subject to repair and overhaul survival time increases
DFR – decreasing failure rate is when reliability CHR – constant hazard rate is characteristic of
is improved by progressive repair, failures which are caused by the application of
loads in excess of the design strength
IFR – Increasing failure rate occurs when failure IHR - Wear out failure modes follow an
modes of parts begin to predominate. increasing hazard rate

MTBF( Repairable) MTTF( Non-repairable)


MTBF = 1 / λ MTTF = 1 / λ
For items which are for items which are not
repaired repaired

Maintainability, Maintenance and Availability


The ease with which repairs and other maintenance work can be carried out determines a system’s
maintainability.
Maintained systems a) corrective maintenance b) preventive maintenance

Corrective maintenance (not planned) Preventive maintenance (planned)


includes all action to return a system from a seeks to retain the system in an operational or
failed to an operating or available state available state by preventing failures from
occurring
Quantified as the mean time to repair (MTTR). Measured by the time taken to perform the
The time to repair, however, includes several specified maintenance tasks and their specified
activities, usually divided into three groups: frequency.
 Preparation time
 Active maintenance time
 Delay Time (logistics time)
Also specified as a mean active repair time Affects reliability directly.
(MART) or mean active corrective maintenance
time (MACMT), since it is only the active time
(excluding documentation) that the designer
can influence.

*Maintainability affects availability directly. How?


a close relationship between reliability and maintainability, one affecting the other and both
affecting availability and costs
Availability
Defined as the probability that an item will be available when required, or as the proportion of total
time that the item is available for use.
The proportion of total time that the item is available (functional) is the steady-state availability.
Inherent Availability 𝑀𝑇𝐵𝐹 𝜇
𝐴= =
the steady state availability which considers 𝑀𝑇𝐵𝐹 + 𝑀𝑇𝑇𝑅 λ+ μ
only the corrective maintenance 1
Where; 𝜇 = ⁄𝑀𝑇𝑇𝑅
Mean Time To Repair (MTTR)
Achieved Availability 𝑀𝑇𝐵𝑀𝐴
𝐴𝐴 =
*similar to inherent availability with the 𝑀𝑇𝐵𝑀𝐴 + 𝑀𝑀𝑇
exception that PM downtimes are also MTBMA (mean time between maintenance actions
included. MMT (mean maintenance time)
*sometimes referred to as the availability 1
𝑀𝑇𝐵𝑀𝐴 =
seen by the maintenance department λ + 𝑓𝑃𝑀
λ = 𝑓𝑎𝑖𝑙𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒
𝑓𝑃𝑀 =frequency of preventive maintenance, the
reciprocal of PM Cycle.
λ 𝑀𝑇𝑇𝑅 + 𝑓𝑃𝑀 𝑀𝑃𝑀𝑇
𝑀𝑀𝑇 =
λ + 𝑓𝑃𝑀
Where MTTR is the mean CM time and MPMT
(Mean Preventive Maintenance Time) is the mean
PM time.
Operational Availability 𝑀𝑇𝐵𝑀𝐴
𝐴𝑂𝑃 =
Measure of the ‘real’ average availability 𝑀𝑇𝐵𝑀𝐴 + 𝑀𝐷𝑇
over a period of time in an actual
operational environment. It includes all where: MDT =Mean maintenance downtime.
experienced sources of downtime, such as MDT =MMT + (logistics delay time) +
administrative downtime and logistic (administrative delay time)
downtime,

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