Electrophysiologyofheart PDF
Electrophysiologyofheart PDF
Electrophysiologyofheart PDF
KANIKA CHAUDHARY
CONTENTS
Physiology of cardiac muscle
• Introduction
• Action potential in cardiac muscle
• Pacemaker potential
• Conductive system of heart
ECG
• History
• What is ECG?
• Characterstics of normal ECG
• ECG paper
• ECG leads
• How to report an ECG?
• Individual waves and intervals of ECG and their abnormalities
• AHA Guidelines for ECG
PHYSIOLOGY OF CARDIAC MUSCLE
INTRODUCTION
Atrial muscle
Ventricular muscle
• Plateau (phase 2)
Phase 2 (plateau)
• Membrane potential remains approximately 0 mV
for a relatively prolonged duration
• Ik:- K+ current
• Ih:- Funny current/’f’channel
• ICaT:- Transient Ca2+ channel
• ICaL:-Long lasting Ca2+ channel
Specialized Excitatory and Conductive System of
the Heart
A. SA NODE
• The sinus node/ sinoatrial node is located in the
superior posterolateral wall of the right atrium
immediately below and lateral to the opening of the
superior vena cava
• Middle(Wenckebach)
SA Node 0.05m/sec
Atrial pathways 1m/sec
AV Node 0.05m/sec
Bundle of his 1m/sec
Purkinje fibers 4m/sec
Ventricular muscle 1m/sec
ELECTROCARDIOGRAM(ECG)
HISTORY
1842- Italian scientist Carlo Matteucci realizes that
electricity is associated with heart
V3 : In between V2 and V4
1 Rhythm, Rate
2 Conduction intervals
3 Cardiac axis
OR
Rate= 1500
Number of small squares between R-R interval
1.Ischemia
2.Ventricular hypertrophy
3.Bundle branch block
4.Digoxin treatment.
‘U’ Wave
• Indicates:-