Uponor Complete Design Assistance Manual (CDAM) : Radiant Heating and Cooling Systems

R A D I A N T H E AT I N G
AND COOLING SYSTEMS

COMPLETE DESIGN
A S S I S TA N C E M A N U A L
(CDAM)
Uponor Complete Design

Assistance Manual (CDAM)
CDAM_Manual_0711, Copyright © 2011 Uponor, Printed in the United States
Uponor, Inc. Uponor Ltd.

5925 148th Street West 2000 Argentia Rd., Plaza 1, Ste. 200
Apple Valley, MN 55124 USA Mississauga, ON L5N 1W1 CANADA
Tel: 800.321.4739 Tel: 888.994.7726
Fax: 952.891.2008 Fax: 800.638.9517
Web: www.uponor-usa.com Web: www.uponor.ca
Uponor Complete Design Assistance Manual (CDAM) Seventh Edition
Complete Design Assistance Manual
is published by
Uponor, Inc.
5925 148th Street West
Apple Valley, MN 55124 USA
Tel: 800.321.4739
Fax: 952.891.2008
www.uponor-usa.com
Uponor Ltd.
2000 Argentia Rd., Plaza 1, Ste. 200
Mississauga, ON L5N 1W1 CANADA
Tel: 888.994.7726
Fax: 800.638.9517
www.uponor.ca
© 2011 Uponor
All rights reserved.
Seventh Edition
First Printing March 1994
Printed in the United States of America
Uponor has used reasonable efforts in collecting, preparing
and providing quality information and material in this manual.
However, system enhancements may result in modification of
features or specifications without notice.
Uponor is not liable for installation practices that deviate from
this manual or are not acceptable practices within the mechanical trades.
ii www.uponorpro.com
Table of Contents
Foreword. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Chapter 1: Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Chapter 2: Radiant Advantages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
History of Radiant. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Radiant and PEX Today. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Radiant Floor Heating Benefits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
What Makes Radiant Floors So Comfortable?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Uponor Radiant Ceiling Heat. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Uponor Radiant Ceiling Heat Advantages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Chapter 3: Uponor Tubing Products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
PEX-a Distinctions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Stress Resistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Chemical Resistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Oxygen Diffusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Handling Guidelines for PEX Tubing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Reforming Kinked Tubing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Thawing Frozen Tubing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Uponor Tubing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Selecting an Uponor Tubing Product . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Wirsbo hePEXTM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Multi-layer Composite (MLC) Tubing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Uponor AquaPEX® . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
High-density Polyethylene (HDPE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Ecoflex® Pre-insulated Pipe Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Fire-resistant Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Firestop Listings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Chapter 4: Uponor Distribution Components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Uponor Engineered Plastic (EP) Manifold. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
TruFLOWTM Manifolds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
HDPE Valveless Manifolds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Copper Valved Manifolds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Chapter 5: Economy of Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Manifolds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Thermostats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Reset Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Design Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Distribution Piping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Optimal Spacing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Radiant RolloutTM Mat. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Fast TrakTM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Ecoflex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Complete Design Assistance Manual — Table of Contents iii

Table of Contents
Chapter 6: Installation Methods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Site Preparations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Insulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Construction, Expansion and Control Joints. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Slab On or Below Grade with Edge Insulation Only. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Slab On or Below Grade with Under-slab and Edge Insulation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Slab On or Below Grade Over a Compacted Soil/Sand Bed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Cap Pour Over Existing Slab with Under-slab Insulation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Cap Pour Over Precast Plank. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Poured-in-place Slab Over Steel Decking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Fast Trak 0.5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Fast Trak 1.3i . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Poured Underlayment on a Suspended Wood Subfloor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Poured Underlayment with Sleepers Over a Suspended Wood Subfloor. . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Quik Trak Over a Wood Subfloor with Hardwood Floor Covering. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Quik Trak Over a Wood Subfloor with Tile/Linoleum Floor Covering. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Quik Trak Over a Wood Subfloor with Carpet Floor Covering. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Quik Trak Over an Existing Concrete Slab. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Quik Trak Radiant Wall Installation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Joist Heating Using PEX Clips. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Joist Heating Using Joist Trak Panel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Radiant Ceiling Using Joist Trak Panel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Avoid Expansion/Contraction Noise in Joist Trak Installations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Chapter 7: Heat Loss Considerations and Calculations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Downward Loss. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 .
Manual Heat Loss Calculations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Computer Program Design Calculations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Chapter 8: Radiant Floor System Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Radiant Floor Design Tutorial. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Performing Initial Flow Balance Calculations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
System Reminders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
The Complete Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Chapter 9: Radiant Ceiling System Design. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Radiant Ceiling Design Tutorial. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Performing Initial Flow Balance Calculations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
Selecting the System Water Temperature. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
The Complete Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
Chapter 10: Commercial Radiant Heating and Cooling Applications. . . . . . . . . . . . 113
Commercial Radiant Cooling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
Commercial Design Considerations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
Structural Factors in Commercial Buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
Fire-rated Structures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
Controls for Commercial Radiant Floor Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
Acceleration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
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Table of Contents
Tubing Installation Options. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Distribution Flow Options. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
Commercial Building Zones. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
Chapter 11: Design Considerations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
Surface Area. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
Capacitor Effect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
Composition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
Zone Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
Use Patterns. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
Internal Gains and Losses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
Chapter 12: Control Strategies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
Local Zone Control. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
Thermostats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
Piping and Control Options. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 .
Water Temperature Control. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
Chapter 13: Piping Schematics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
Piping Schematic Level 1 Control. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
Piping Schematic Level II Control. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
Piping Schematic Level III Control. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
Chapter 14: Electrical Schematics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
Chapter 15: Uponor Distribution Piping. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
Distribution Solution for Any Application. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
PEX Tubing Operating Limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
MLC Tubing Operating Limits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
Precise Pipe Sizing Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
Distribution Pipe Heat Loss. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
Chapter 16: Wood Floors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
Design with Wood Floors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
Moisture and Wood Floors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
Laminate Floors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209.
Installation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
Appendix A: Advanced Design SuiteTM (ADS) Worksheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
Appendix B: Radiant Design Worksheets. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
Appendix C: Radiant Surface Temperature Charts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217
Appendix D: R-value Charts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
Appendix E: Supply Water Temperature Charts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221
Appendix F: Flow Charts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
Appendix G: Pressure Loss Charts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239
Appendix H: Helpful Formulas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295
Appendix I: Variable-speed Injection Mixing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297
Appendix J: Circulator Placement Options. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301
Appendix K: Conversion Factors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303
Complete Design Assistance Manual — Table of Contents v

vi www.uponorpro.com
Foreword
Uponor, formerly Wirsbo, is hydronic radiant heating and In addition to the CDAM,
dedicated to partnering with cooling. The CDAM describes Uponor provides:
professionals to create better Uponor radiant heating and • Other technical literature
human environments. As the North cooling systems, and it assists the • Warranties
American leading manufacturer reader with specification, design, • Videos
of Engel-method crosslinked installation and inspection of • Training
polyethylene (PEX-a) tubing, Uponor hydronic radiant floor, • Design services
Uponor provides system solutions ceiling and wall heating and • Customer support
that include both the quality cooling systems. Please contact
For information about these
products and technical support Uponor for additional technical
support services and tools,
required to design, install and information about radiant cooling
please contact your Uponor
operate radiant heating and and design.
sales representative or visit
cooling systems.
Through their versatility, Uponor www.uponnorpro.com.
As part of this technical support, hydronic heating and cooling
Uponor publishes the Complete systems are used in a variety of
Design Assistance Manual applications. Please direct any
(CDAM) for heating and cooling questions about the suitability
contractors; heating, ventilation of an application or a specific
and air conditioning (HVAC) design to a local Uponor
engineers; architects; building representative by calling toll free
officials; building managers; and 800.321.4729 (United States)
other individuals interested in or 888.994.7726 (Canada).
Complete Design Assistance Manual — Foreword 1

2 www.uponorpro.com
Chapter 1
Glossary Crosslinking
It is important to become familiar with the terminology used

in this manual to fully understand the design and installation
of hydronic radiant floor, wall and ceiling heating systems.
Some of the definitions found in this chapter are unique to
hydronic radiant floor, wall and ceiling heating systems,
and some may be applicable only to Uponor systems.
Active Loop Length — The

length of tubing within the
total loop length that is
Bypass Loop — A piping
physically installed within the
arrangement that directs the
room to be heated.
flow of a heat-absorbing Crosslinking — A chemical
Below-grade Edge Insulation medium (water) around, process that changes the
— The amount of insulation rather than through, a piece molecular structure of a polymer
(expressed in R-value) placed of mechanical equipment. material by linking otherwise
against the vertical edge of a independent hydrocarbon
Closed Loop — Any piping
radiant slab that is more than chains. Crosslinking creates a
arrangement in a circulating
4 feet below grade. three-dimensional network of
system that protects the
hydrocarbons. The end product
Below-grade Perimeter circulating medium (water) against
is incapable of being melted and
Insulation — The amount of exposure to atmospheric pressure.
is insoluble.
insulation (expressed in R-value)
Closed System — Any
placed horizontally under the first Degree Day — A unit of
closed-loop hydronic piping
4 feet from the perimeter of a measurement used to describe
system that prevents atmospheric
radiant slab that is more than potential heat load (Heating
oxygen from entering the system
4 feet below grade. Degree Day or HDD). It is equal
to a degree which effectively
to one degree variation from
BTU (British Thermal Unit) — protects components from
a standard temperature to the
A unit of measure equal to the excessive oxidative corrosion.
average temperature of one day.
amount of energy necessary (See DIN 4726.)
For example, if the standard is
to raise the temperature of
Conduction — A process of 65°F and the average outside
one pound of water one
heat transfer whereby heat moves temperature is 50°F for one day,
degree Fahrenheit.
through a material or between two then the number of degree days
• BTU/h — The amount of BTU materials that are in direct contact equals 15 (65 - 50 = 15).
expended per hour. with each other.
Differential Temperature (Δt)
• BTU/h/ft2 — The amount of
Convection — Transfer of heat — The difference in temperature
BTU expended per hour per
by movement of a liquid or a gas. between two opposing masses
square foot of panel.
• Natural convection is a result of used to describe the potential that
BTU/h/ft2 is derived by dividing
movement caused by changes in exists for heat transfer.
the BTU/h by the amount
of available square footage in density as temperature changes
the room to be heated. within a fluid medium such as a
liquid or a gas.
• Forced convection is the result
of mechanical force moving a
fluid or gas.
Complete Design Assistance Manual — Chapter 1 – Glossary 3

Diffusion — A penetration load of a zone. EFA is the result Floor Insulation — The amount
process that describes the of multiplying the net floor area of insulation (expressed in
tendency of gas or liquid by the effective floor factor. R-value) placed directly below a
molecules to spread out into radiant floor to reduce downward
Effective Floor Factor (EFF)
the entire space that is available heat loss.
— An approximation (expressed
(including spaces that exist within
in percentage) used to describe Gross Floor Area — The entire
solids). Diffusion is expressed
the amount of net floor area that floor surface area of a room or
as a function of the volume
will effectively radiate heat. This zone whether heated or not.
of space available. A related
factor is used by the designer to
process, permeation, describes HDPE — Abbreviation for
take into consideration intangibles
the movement of such substances high-density polyethylene.
(such as abnormally large furniture
through a solid membrane and is
that covers a large percentage of Head Pressure Loss — The
expressed in terms of the area of
floor space) that might interfere pressure available at the outlet
membrane penetrated.
with heat transfer from the floor. side of a pump or inlet side of
DIN — DIN is an abbreviation for a flow conducting system. It is
Efficiency Rating (ER) —
the German Institute of Standards expressed in feet of head. Feet
A ratio of energy output to energy
(Deutsches Institut fur Normung). of head is the height of a column
input expressed as a percentage.
of water that is supported
DIN 4726 — An internationally It is used to describe the amount
by a pump against standard
recognized standard that of energy available for the
atmospheric pressure.
prescribes, among other things, intended purpose of the appliance
the maximum rate of oxygen and is independent of cost. Heat Loss — The transfer of
diffusion allowed for non-metallic heat from a contained space to
Engel Method — A peroxide-
pipes used in closed-loop hydronic the atmosphere surrounding it.
based method of manufacturing
heating systems. Heat loss is the result of heat
crosslinked polyethylene (PEX)
transfer through walls, windows,
Downward Loss — The amount tubing. Engel-method PEX is
roofs and other building-envelope
of heat energy in BTU/h/ft2 crosslinked during the extrusion
components, as well as infiltration
transferring downward from a process while the raw polyethylene
losses due to the exchange of
radiant heated floor. is above its crystal melting
heated inside air with unheated
temperature, creating an even,
Dry-bulb Temperature — The outside air.
consistent, three-dimensional
temperature of air recorded by
network of joined hydrocarbons. Heating Load — The amount of
a thermometer that is freely
energy (in BTU/h) required for
exposed to the air, but does not Exposed Perimeter Insulation
space heating.
take into account effects from — The amount of insulation
moisture or radiation. The dry-bulb (expressed in R-value) placed Infiltration — The exchange
temperature is the temperature either horizontally or vertically to a of warm air inside a building
that is generally referred to as the distance or depth of 4 feet along with the cold air outside. Natural
air temperature. an exposed perimeter of a radiant infiltration takes place as a result
slab less than 4 feet below grade. of air leakage through minute
Edge Area — The exposed
openings in walls, windows,
surface of a radiant heated slab Exposed Perimeter Length
doors and ceilings. Controlled
equal to the thickness of the slab — Equal to the linear feet of
infiltration occurs due to the
multiplied by the exposed linear perimeter less than 4 feet below
forced exchange of a mechanical
perimeter length. grade along an outside wall.
system. Infiltration is expressed in
Edge Insulation — The amount Floating Action — Output used air changes per hour or fractions
of insulation (expressed in to modulate the position of an thereof. For natural infiltration in
R-value) placed vertically along actuator motor and mixing valve. newly constructed homes, Uponor
the exposed perimeter of the slab. Power is applied to drive the valve recommends calculation at a rate
further open or closed. If no power of 0.35 air changes per hour for
Effective Floor Area (EFA) —
is supplied, the valve will remain at new construction. Compensate
The approximate square footage
its present position. accordingly for older homes.
of a radiant floor that effectively
radiates heat to satisfy the heat
4 Chapter 1 – Glossary — www.uponorpro.com

Infiltration Losses — The loss Lightweight Concrete — Thinly Net Floor Area (NFA) —
of heat energy due to infiltration, poured concrete (typically 11⁄2 The gross floor area minus
which is expressed in BTU/h. inches) with small aggregate that the unheated floor area. This
Infiltration losses are calculated can be used in some poured- is the area of the radiant floor,
from the air changes per hour, floor applications. The concrete measured in square feet, that
differential indoor/outdoor is poured over the tubing that is has PEX tubing installed.
temperature and the heat-carrying directly fastened to a plywood
Olefins — Unsaturated
capability of the lost air. subfloor. The lightweight concrete
hydrocarbon substances
needs to be leveled and is prone
Injection Mixing — A method (double bond). The most
to cracking due to structural
of resetting radiant system water important building blocks
movement if reinforcing material
by injecting hot boiler water into (monomers) of the olefins
is not used in the concrete.
a lower-temperature distribution are ethylene, propylene
Do not confuse with gypsum-
loop in order to maintain proper and butylene.
based concrete underlayment.
radiant system supply water
(See definition for poured-floor Open System — A circulating
temperature. In addition, injection
underlayment.) hydronic system exposed to
mixing can allow for changes
atmospheric conditions. Open
in radiant system supply water Linear Expansion (thermal) —
systems require components
temperatures based on changes Refers to the physical material
resistant to oxidative corrosion.
in outside weather conditions. characteristic of a body which
Open systems are the result
Injection mixing can be controlled causes it to expand in the
of continual introduction of
through either an on/off valve presence of heat. It is known as
fresh water, open vessels or
or variable-speed injection heat expansion. Linear expansion
oxygen diffusion through
pumping using a simple wet creates a force within the product
non-metallic components.
rotor type circulator. Refer to which, if held back by huge
the variable-speed injection compressive strengths such as Operative Temperature —
essay in Appendix I for concrete, will transmit itself as The uniform temperature where
more information. an internal stress. Unlike other an occupant would exchange the
tubing products, PEX is highly same amount of heat via radiation
Leader Loop Length — The
resistant to stresses caused and convection as the surrounding
horizontal and vertical distance
by linear expansion. controlled environment. Simply,
from the heated room to the
the operative temperature
manifold in which the loop Mean Radiant Temperature
combines the effects of radiation
originated. This distance is (MRT) — The area-weighted
and convection. The operative
multiplied by two (supply and average temperature of all the
temperature equals the sum of
return) and added to the active surfaces in a room.
the air temperature and mean
loop length to obtain the total
radiant temperature, divided
loop length.
by two. Operative temperature
may also be referred to as
the equivalent temperature or
operative temperature.

Outdoor Design Temperature is a result of the crosslinking Pressure Loss — The loss of
— A standard design temperature taking place above the crystal- fluid pressure between any two
somewhat warmer than the melting point during extrusion. points in a flow-conducting
seasonal lowest temperature This method is also called hot system, expressed in pounds
for the area. The 2009 ASHRAE crosslinking. Hot crosslinking per square inch (psi). The loss
Handbook — Fundamentals produces crosslinking all the way of pressure is caused by friction
(pages 17.3-17.4) recommends through the tubing wall. PEX-a against the tubing walls and is
selecting a residential design tubing is approximately 85% further influenced by the tubing
temperature for a given area crosslinked, making it the most size, length and texture of the
to be 99% of the seasonal uniformly crosslinked type of PEX. inside wall of the tubing, fittings,
lowest temperature. Adjustments valves and other components.
PEX-b — PEX-b is made via two
may be made to reflect local Pressure loss is also influenced
separate processes. Crosslinking
climates which differ from the by the temperature and viscosity
is performed in a secondary,
tabulated temperatures due of the fluid.
post-extrusion process that
to altitude differences or local
produces about 65% to 70% Primary/Secondary Pumping
weather experiences. Outdoor
crosslinking. As crosslinking occurs — The boiler loop with its own
design temperature is used to
below the crystal-melting point, circulator is referred to as the
calculate anticipated load
there is not uniform crosslinking primary loop. Secondary loop is
under the most common low-
throughout the tubing wall. any feed from the primary (boiler
temperature conditions expected
loop) that is the same or lower
to occur without over-sizing the PEX-c — PEX-c is produced
temperature with its own circulator
heat appliance. by using an electron beam to
for flow control. Often in radiant
change the molecular structure
Partially Exposed Basement floor systems, the secondary
of the tubing, which generates
Slab — A concrete slab in which flow is first tempered to a lower
crosslinking after the extrusion
a portion of the slab is more than temperature before entering the
process. Multiple passes of the
4 feet below grade and a portion secondary loop.
beam are required to create
is less than 4 feet below grade.
crosslinking of 70% to 75%. R-value — A measure of a
This is commonly featured in
This process may discolor the material’s ability to resist the flow
homes with walk-out lower levels.
tubing as well as result in a of heat. R-value is expressed in
PE — Abbreviation for slightly stiffer product. BTU/h/ft2 (1/U = R).
polyethylene.
Polymer Extrusion — A method Radiant Emission — A measure
Perimeter Area — The first 4 used for the continuous formation of the propensity of a surface
horizontal feet in from the exposed of tubing from polymer materials. to radiate heat energy to its
perimeter of the slab (applicable to surroundings in the form of
Polyolefin — A general term
under-slab insulation). long-wave radiation.
for a polymer built from olefins
Perimeter Insulation — The (e.g., polypropylene, polybutylene Radiation — The process in
amount of insulation (expressed and polyethylene). which energy in the form of rays
in R-value) placed horizontally for of light or heat is transferred from
Poured-floor Underlayment
the first 4 feet along the exposed body to body without heating
— A thin (typically 11⁄2 inches)
perimeter of the slab. the intermediate air acting as the
underlayment of gypsum-based
transfer medium.
Perimeter Length — The linear concrete. The material is poured
length of the slab perimeter over the tubing that is directly
for a room exposed to outside fastened to a plywood subfloor.
conditions (used to calculate The material is self-leveling and
edge area). requires minimal finishing by the
installer. The poured underlayment
PEX — Abbreviation for
must be sealed for moisture after
crosslinked polyethylene.
the concrete has cured. Do not
PEX-a — PEX-a is produced using confuse with lightweight concrete.
the peroxide (Engel) method of
extrusion. The peroxide method

Reactive Tempering Valve — Suspended Floors — Any floor
Suspended Floor
A three-way, nonelectric valve which does not rest directly on the
that, when used in radiant heating surface of the earth. Suspended
applications, maintains a constant floors may be constructed of any
supply water temperature despite material and may be installed over
variations in boiler supply heated or unheated spaces.
water temperatures. A reactive
Temperature Below — The
tempering valve mixes hot
temperature of the soil or air
boiler water with cooler radiant
below the center of the radiant
system return water to produce
slab or suspended floor. For
a specific supply water
slab-on-grade or slab-below-grade
temperature (setpoint).
floors not exposed to very high
Room Setpoint Temperature — water tables, Uponor recommends
The desired thermostat setting using a temperature below or Total Loop Length — The
for the room, typically 65°F to equal to the room setpoint active loop length added to the
68°F for radiant floor heating. temperature. This temperature leader loop length equals the
Radiant ceiling systems are is likely to occur for the longest total loop length.
designed with a 70°F setpoint portion of the heating season and U-value — The capability of a
temperature. Radiant ceiling under design conditions. substance to transfer heat. Used
systems use a higher setpoint to describe the conductance
Thermal Conductivity —
due to the lack of conductive of a material or composite of
Thermal conductivity is a metric
transfer from the system. materials, in construction. U-value
for the ability of a material to
Slab Below Grade — A concrete conduct heat. For a given material, is expressed in BTU/h/ft2 and is
slab with the entire slab at a the thermal conductivity is the rate the inverse function of R-value
minimum of 4 feet below grade. of heat transfer through a unit (1/R = U)
thickness per unit area per degree Under-slab Area — The
Slab Depth — The thickness of
of temperature difference. In interior portion of the slab to
the slab at the perimeter.
English units, thermal conductivity include all but the first 4 feet
Slab on Grade — A concrete slab is measured in BTU/hr/ft/°F. around the perimeter.
with a perimeter that is less than The thermal conductivity
4 feet below the surface. Under-slab Insulation —
of PEX-a tubing is 0.202
The amount of insulation
Supplemental Heat — Additional BTU/hr/ft/°F.
(expressed in R-value) under
heat provided by some distribution Thermal Mass — Any material the interior area of the slab,
means other than the primary used to store heat energy or the excluding the perimeter area.
radiant floor or ceiling system to affinity for heat energy.
satisfy the heat-loss requirement. Unheated Floor Area —
Total Heat Transfer Coefficient The amount of floor included
Surface Temperature — — Describes the transfer of in the gross floor area that
The required temperature at heat from a bordering surface does not have tubing installed.
the floor surface required to expressed in BTU/h/ft2/°F.
transfer the calculated amount Upward Load — The amount
Thermal transfer coefficient is
of BTU/h into a room for a given of heat energy expressed in
comprised of radiation, convection
setpoint temperature to satisfy BTU/h/ft2 required to overcome
and conduction properties, as well
the current load. Radiant the envelope losses of the room.
as the orientation of the radiant
floor surface temperatures surface (floor, ceiling or wall). Velocity — The speed of fluid
should not exceed 87.5°F for at a specific flow expressed in
• Radiant floor thermal transfer
constant habitation. The surface feet per second (fps).
coefficient = 2.0 BTU/h/ft2/°F
temperatures should not exceed
80°F for hardwood floors. Radiant • Radiant wall thermal transfer
ceiling surface temperature should coefficient = 1.4 BTU/h/ft2/°F
not exceed 100°F for 8-foot • Radiant ceiling thermal transfer
ceilings and 110°F for 9-foot to coefficient = 1.1 BTU/h/ft2/°F
12-foot ceilings.

Volumetric Flow Rate — Weather-responsive Reset —
The volume of a fluid that passes A method of fine-tuning a radiant
through a given cross-sectional system by changing the system
area per unit of time. Volumetric supply water temperature based
flow rate is commonly expressed on changing weather conditions.
in terms of cubic feet per minute As the outside temperature
(cfm) or gallons per minute (gpm). decreases, the supply water
increases. Likewise, as the outside
Water Table Temperature
temperature increases, the supply
— Equal to the estimated
water temperature decreases.
temperature of the water table
for the area and is used when Zone — An area of a radiant
the presence of a water table will panel served by one or more loops,
affect the performance of the and individually controlled
radiant panel heating system. through a thermostat.
Typically, insulation should be
added below a radiant slab if there
is a water table within 6 feet
of the slab.
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Chapter 2
Radiant Advantages
History of Radiant Many demographic studies indicate Comfort — Radiant floor heating
There’s nothing quite like radiant that people are spending more warms people, furniture and other
floor heating. Over the past several time at home. As a result, home things in a room. Since the objects
years, radiant heating has been comfort has become a priority for and surfaces are warmed, people
the fastest-growing segment of many families. Homeowners are don’t lose body heat to things
the heating industry, offering paying closer attention to benefits in the room. Uponor’s radiant
numerous advantages over more provided by the heating system. heating system turns floors into
traditional alternatives. Greater comfort combined with radiators that can be zoned to
unmatched fuel efficiency explains provide comfortable and even
While some people may think why residential radiant floor heat throughout homes — even
of radiant floor heating as new heating is becoming a popular in difficult-to-heat areas such as
technology, it actually dates back alternative to forced-air heating. bathrooms, entryways and garages.
thousands of years. Archaeological Warm radiant floors are ideal for
finds date early radiant systems in Radiant floor heating also offers
today’s homes and rooms with
China and Korea to approximately increased comfort and fuel
vaulted ceilings and expansive
5,000 B.C. Heated floors and walls economy for office buildings and
windows. The comfort system
are seen in Greek and Roman other commercial applications,
concentrates the heat near the
cultures around 500 B.C. While such as stores, schools, airport
floor — where people are located.
sophisticated, hydronic systems hangars, greenhouses and more.
using crosslinked polyethylene Aware of the benefits, a greater Efficiency — Radiant floor
(PEX) tubing have replaced simple, number of building designers and heating is an extremely efficient
wood and charcoal-fired systems, owners now provide their clients mode of heat delivery. Floor
the end results are similar — a with comfortable, healthy buildings heating is a low-temperature
comfortable and economical way with lower fuel bills. system and can be precisely
to heat homes and buildings. controlled in each room. Because
floor heating warms people and
Radiant Floor objects directly (as opposed to
Radiant and PEX Today Heating Benefits heating air), comfort may be
With more than 35 years of Radiant heating offers many achieved at lower thermostat
service — longer than any other advantages over other heating settings. Radiant floor heating
PEX manufacturer in North systems — primarily forced air. systems can provide energy
America — Uponor is the leader savings up to 30% over
in PEX tubing for radiant heating, forced-air systems.
plumbing and fire safety systems.
More than two billion feet of
Uponor PEX tubing is in service
in North America alone, and more
than 12 billion feet of tubing is
installed worldwide.
Complete Design Assistance Manual — Chapter 2 – Radiant Advantages 9

Buildings with high ceilings, placement – without having Increased Property Values —
large windows, high infiltration to worry about blocking vents In many parts of the country,
or a combination of these or radiators. homes with radiant heating
and other factors typically have enhanced property values
More Usable Space —
experience greater savings. compared to similar homes with
With no bulky radiators or
Energy savings vary depending other types of heating systems.
baseboards, homes with radiant
on building use, occupancy, In nearly all cases, homes with
floor heating tend to have
design and construction. radiant heating systems tend to
more usable floor space.
attract buyers.
Clean and Healthy — Because
Aesthetically Pleasing —
radiant floor heating does not rely Perfect for Concrete Slabs
Since the heating system is
on circulating air (as forced air or — Radiant floor heating is the
virtually invisible, radiant
convective baseboard do), dust only solution for basement slabs.
heating does not detract from
particles do not readily spread Turning a cold slab into a cozy,
the appearance of a room.
throughout a home. Radiant also warm floor can convert these
There are no messy heating
greatly reduces the spread of other traditionally difficult-to-heat
grills or bulky radiators to
airborne particles, such as pollen. areas into comfortable, livable
look at or to collect dirt.
spaces. This can also increase
Quiet — Radiant floor heating is
Low Maintenance — property values.
virtually silent when it operates.
Floor-heating systems require
There are no noisy fans, clunky Clean, Dry, Safe Floors —
very few moving parts. There
ductwork or pinging pipes. Because the floor surface is warm,
are no fans, belts or blowers
cleaning and drying are quick
Complete Design Freedom — that need replacing, and no
and easy. Quick-drying floors
Because the heating system is in ducts to clean.
help prevent slick spots, especially
the floor, radiant heating allows
in bathrooms, where people can
greater freedom for furniture
slip and fall.
Choice of Heat Sources —
Uponor hydronic radiant floors
can be heated by any source of
energy, such as gas, oil, electricity,
geothermal, solar or wood. All the
system needs is warm water.
This list is not all-inclusive.
There are a myriad of benefits
and advantages that make radiant
floor heating the best choice to
heat a structure.
10 Chapter 2 – Radiant Advantages — www.uponorpro.com

What Makes Radiant the water. This is why people feel In many rooms that are common
Floors So Comfortable? uncomfortable when standing on in modern construction, this
a cold tile floor or next to a cold phenomenon can be dramatic. For
When considering the issue of
wall, even though the thermostat example, in rooms with cathedral
personal comfort, it’s important
reads an air temperature of 70°F ceilings, large amounts of glass,
to fully examine the question,
to 72°F. What is happening is that hardwood, tile or vinyl floors,
“Just what is comfort, and what are
the colder floor or wall surface is or anything built on a concrete
the elements that make a person
drawing heat out of that person’s slab, radiant floor heating is the
comfortable?” It’s more than
body faster than it can be replaced. only solution when it comes
simply feeling warm or not feeling
to delivering even, consistent,
cold. Most people think that A common response to this type of
effective and efficient comfort.
comfort is a matter of supplying situation would be to simply turn
heat to the body. Rather, comfort up the thermostat and increase the Radiant floor heating generally
is controlling the rate at which a air temperature. This response may also provides greater comfort
body loses heat. offset the radiation heat loss to a levels at lower thermostat settings
small degree, but other comfort compared to baseboard or forced
Think of a body as a heat source.
issues may decline. For instance, air. Experience shows that perfect
Science has known for years that
higher air temperatures generally thermal comfort may be achieved
a human body generates more
result in stuffiness and dryness, at thermostat settings of 65°F to
heat than it needs. In order to be
both of which detract from overall 68°F. Review the ideal heating
truly comfortable, the body needs
comfort. In addition, since hot air curve, illustrated in Figure 2-1.
to lose the excess heat. A typical
rises, the air temperature at or near
person at normal or light activity
the ceiling is considerably warmer
loses heat at a rate of about 400
than the air temperature at the
BTU/h. That heat energy is lost in
thermostat level. Consequently,
three specific ways. First, the body
people feel warmer near their
loses heat through convection,
head and colder at their feet,
or air currents passing over the
which also negatively impacts
body surface. Second, the body
personal comfort.
loses heat through evaporation, by
breathing and sweating. Third, the Radiant floor heating delivers
body loses heat through radiation, personal comfort by controlling Ideal Heating Curve
or the transfer of energy from a the radiation heat loss of a body.
warm surface to a cooler surface. When surrounded by surfaces that
are roughly the same temperature
A person feels most comfortable
as the body surface, natural heat
if the body loses its 400 BTU/h
loss via radiation is controlled.
in a certain ratio: approximately
50% through radiation, 30% Another way to help control natural
through convection and 20% heat loss is to reduce or eliminate
through evaporation. unwanted air movement. Radiant
floor heating virtually eliminates
A common misconception, even
unwanted air movement because
among heating professionals,
it doesn’t use fans to circulate
is that heat rises. In reality,
the heat. The only air movement
hot air rises and cold air falls
in the room heated by radiant
due to differences in density.
floor is natural air.
Heat goes to cold. Energy always
By combining these two factors
travels from a hot surface or mass
— similar surface and body
to a colder one. Think of how
temperature and the elimination
a stove heats water to a boil. A
of unwanted air movement — 60˚ 70˚ 80˚ 90˚ 100˚F
relatively cold pot filled with water
a radiant system can control
is placed on a hot burner. The
about 80% of the human body’s
burner transfers its heat to the pot, Figure 2-1: Ideal Heating Curve
natural heat loss.
which, in turn, transfers its heat to

Think of the body as a hydronic In Figure 2-2, notice how a
heating system with a priority- forced-air heating curve differs
zoning package. Priority number greatly from the ideal heating
Forced-air Heating Curve
one is the central torso and its curve. Since hot air rises, the air
critical organs. Priority two is the temperature at head level and
Ideal Heating Curve head, and priority three is the above is higher than ideal, and the
extremities. When placed in a cold closer to the ceiling you go, the
environment, the body takes care warmer the air. Hot-air systems
of the central torso and head first, do not distribute heat to the
while restricting blood flow to extremities, where the body needs
the hands and feet. This is why it most. In order to meet those
people feel cold in those areas needs, the air must be heated
first. The head, however, is filled to a level that is much too hot
with blood vessels that provide and uncomfortable for the upper
plenty of body warmth. As a result, body. The choice is either cold
the air temperature needed at feet or hot heads.
head level to create comfort
The temperature at floor level
does not need to be very high.
never reaches the desired level,
Science and experience both
and the temperature of the
indicate that most people are more
ceiling is too hot. Add to this
comfortable and more alert with
equation unnatural convection, or
head-level air temperatures around
air movement, that can alter the
65°F to 68°F.
60˚ 70˚ 80˚ 90˚ 100˚F delicate heat-loss balance of the
The goal of the ideal heating curve human body. Also note that the
Figure 2-2: Comparison of Ideal and
Forced-air Heating Curves is to achieve a temperature just area between the forced-air curve
below skin temperature at the and the ideal curve represents
floor. Moving toward the ceiling wasted energy and, as a result,
from the floor, the air temperature higher energy bills.
lowers to about 65°F right at and
Convective Baseboard —
slightly above head level. Closer
Convection Heating Curve Hot water and electric baseboard
to the ceiling, the air temperature
systems provide virtually all
decreases slightly.
their heat through convection,
Ideal Heating Curve Forced Air — The common although a relatively small
forced-air system heats air to amount is delivered via radiant
the temperature necessary to means. Baseboard has very little
overcome the heat loss of the surface area and operates at high
structure. Hot air is then forced temperatures. Air passes over
into the occupied space by blowers the heated element of the
through ductwork. The heat loss baseboard and creates a
of the structure determines both convective warm-air current.
the temperature and speed of the
Since baseboards are generally
air the occuptants must endure.
placed on outside walls, the warm
If the heat loss is high, the air then flows along the outside
air temperature must be wall and collects at the ceiling.
uncomfortably high to This air movement is the result of
maintain the thermostat setting natural convection, compared to
(typically 70°F to 72°F). If the the forced convection from forced
heat loss is low, the thermostat hot air. The actual air movement
can be satisfied by blowing with a baseboard system is less
60˚ 70˚ 80˚ 90˚ 100˚F short blasts of excessively high- objectionable than that created
temperature air or by blowing by a forced-air system. However,
Figure 2-3: Comparison of Ideal and
Convection Heating Curves low-temperature air more steadily. this air movement tends to create
Either approach leaves people uneven pools of warmth and
feeling uncomfortable.

can adversely affect the ideal effect, a low-temperature radiator.
convective heat loss of the body. Since a person in that room is
always in contact with the floor,
Although closer to the ideal curve Radiator Curve
or in contact with something
than forced air, baseboard heating
that’s in contact with the floor
is unable to distribute heat where
(e.g., furniture), that person is Ideal Heating Curve
the body needs it. As with forced
warmed directly by the floor,
air, the temperature at the floor
rather than chilled by losing heat
is too cool for true comfort, and
to a cold surface. In addition, the
the temperature at head level
floor acts as a radiator by warming
and the ceiling is too warm. Note
surfaces in that room, which helps
the area between the baseboard
keep about 80% of a person’s heat
convection heating curve and the
loss in balance.
ideal heating curve in Figure 2-3,
representing wasted energy. Radiant floor heating can
be designed around water
Radiators — Radiators, made
temperatures lower than
of either cast iron or decorative
those used in baseboard or
aluminum, have more mass than
radiator systems. Floor surface
either baseboard or forced-air
temperatures are generally
delivery systems. Accordingly,
designed to remain at or below
they are able to provide a higher
87.5°F for all types of finished
degree of radiant heat. As a
floors except hardwood, which
result, radiators are much more
has a maximum floor surface 60˚ 70˚ 80˚ 90˚ 100˚F
comfortable than baseboard
temperature of 80°F. See
or forced-air heating systems. Figure 2-4: Comparison of Ideal and Radiator
Chapter 16 for more information Heating Curves
However, most of the heat
about hardwood floors.
delivered by radiators is still
through convection because the As shown in Figure 2-5, the
surface area is relatively small. radiant floor heating curve very
Radiators also require higher water closely mirrors the ideal heating
temperatures. As with baseboards, curve. There’s plenty of warmth at Radiant Floor
air passes over and through the floor level, 65°F at head level and Heating Curve
radiators, creating convective temperatures dropping off from
warm air currents. Radiators there. There’s very little difference Ideal Heating Curve
tend to create uneven pools of between the two curves, clearly
warmth, with the warm air currents demonstrating radiant floor’s
affecting the ideal convective heat superior energy efficiency.
loss of the body.
Since there is a maximum floor
The heating curve for radiators surface temperature (87.5°F) with
is closer to the ideal heating radiant floors, there is a maximum
curve than either forced air or BTU/h/ft2 output the floor can
baseboard. However, radiators, like provide. The thermal transfer
the others, cannot deliver needed coefficient for radiant floor is 2
warmth at or near floor level. In BTU/h/ft2/°F. Therefore, when
Figure 2-4, as with other non- the room setpoint temperature is
radiant heating methods, the area 65°F, the radiant floor can deliver
between the two heating curves a maximum of 45 BTU/h/ft2, with
represents wasted energy. the floor surface temperature
being the limiting factor.
Radiant Floor — Radiant floor
Requirements beyond 45 BTU/h/
heating is the only heating system 60˚ 70˚ 80˚ 90˚ 100˚F
ft2 can be satisfied with the second
that comes close to matching the
best form of heating available —
ideal heating curve. The entire Figure 2-5: Comparison of Ideal and Radiant
radiant ceiling (addressed later in Floor Heating Curves
floor surface area becomes, in
this chapter).

A Few Words About Efficiency Uponor Radiant surface temperature and room
— The true seasonal efficiency Ceiling Heat setpoint temperature (with radiant
of a heating system is often floor, the heat transfer coefficient
Radiant ceiling acts as a
misunderstood. True efficiency is 2.0). For example, a room
supplemental heat source. See
depends on several factors, setpoint temperature of 70°F, with
Figure 2-6 for the radiant ceiling
including the actual and rated a ceiling surface temperature of
curve. Like radiant floor heating,
efficiency of the heating appliance 100°F would yield a maximum
radiant ceiling uses the same three
and how effectively the heat- of 33 BTU/h/ft2/°F.
types of heat transfer: conduction,
delivery system uses what the
radiation and convection.
appliance creates. For example,
an extremely efficient heating Radiation Heat Transfer —
Uponor Radiant Ceiling
appliance connected to an Radiant ceiling panels radiate Heat Advantages
inefficient delivery system does not heat to furnishings, floors and Radiant ceiling heat, like radiant
produce an efficient system. occupants the same way the sun floor heating, offers many
radiates heat to the earth. The advantages.
Radiant heating makes maximum
space between the sun and earth
use of the energy produced by the Responsive — Radiant ceiling
is cold, but the surfaces that heat
heating plant and provides comfort heat is very responsive because it’s
radiation strikes are warm.
that other delivery systems cannot. a low-mass system, using highly
Efficiency ratings on boilers and Conduction Heat Transfer conductive gypsum sheetrock.
other hot-water heating plants, as — Heat radiation warms room
Effective — Radiant ceiling
well as those on hot-air furnaces, surfaces, furnishings and floors.
heating systems are effective
only reflect laboratory estimates Those surfaces then provide
because they are suitable for
of how efficiently that unit turns secondary transfer through
surface temperatures as high as
fuel into energy compared to conduction (direct contact) and
100°F with normal 8-foot ceilings
other similar appliances. These re-radiation. When people walk
and 110°F for ceilings higher
ratings do not reflect the true across the floor or touch a table
than 8 feet, but lower than
seasonal efficiency of the entire that is warm as a result of heat
12 feet. Radiant ceilings produce
heating system. radiation, some of that heat
33 BTU/h/ft2/°F at a 70°F
is transferred to them. That’s
room setpoint temperature.
conduction. Note that the effect of
conduction with radiant ceiling is Adaptable — Radiant ceiling
Radiant Ceiling Curve
less than that of radiant floor. heating systems adapt easily
to retrofit installations. Radiant
Convection Heat Transfer —
ceilings are typically lowered
Ideal Heating Curve Radiant ceilings heat the objects
less than 11⁄2 inches.
in a room. Heat from the ceiling
and objects in the room then Accessible — Radiant ceiling
warms the air, driving natural panels have clear access to
convective air currents. Convective heated space. They’re not
currents (warm air) come into subject to changes in floor
contact with other objects and coverings or use patterns.
again transfer heat. Convective
Economical — As a supplemental
heat transfer becomes pronounced
heat source, radiant ceiling offers
when surface temperatures reach
the opportunity to concentrate
approximately 7°F above the
additional heat in the area with
room setpoint temperature.
the greatest heat loss. They also
The thermal transfer coefficient require low-water temperatures,
of radiant ceiling heat takes into typically no higher than 120°F.
account the transfer of heat energy
due to convection and radiation.
The coefficient of radiant ceiling
60˚ 70˚ 80˚ 90˚ 100˚F heat is about 1.1 BTU/h/ft2/°F
Figure 2-6: Comparison of Ideal and difference between the ceiling
Radiant Ceiling Heating Curves

Chapter 3
Uponor Tubing Products
PEX is an acronym for crosslinked degree of thermal memory, which Stress Resistance
polyethylene. The “PE” refers to allows kinked tubing to be reshaped Tubing installed in radiant
the raw material used to make with the use of a heat gun. floor, wall and ceiling
polyethylene, and the “X” refers to applications must be capable
Electron Beam Method
the crosslinking of the polyethylene of withstanding the extreme
(PEX-c) — PEX-c uses an e-beam
across its molecular chains. The stresses that result from
to change the molecular structure of
molecular chains are linked into installation within a concrete
the tubing (i.e., crosslink) after
a three-dimensional network that slab or a structural wood floor.
the extrusion process. The PEX-c
makes PEX remarkably durable within Typical stresses include:
method requires multiple passes of
a wide range of temperatures
the tubing under the beam to reach • Expansion and contraction
and pressures.
a 70% to 75% degree of crosslinking. that result from repeated
Currently, three methods for This method produces PEX that is heating and subsequent cooling
producing PEX exist: not as evenly crosslinked as that of the heat-transfer fluid
• Engel or peroxide method produced by the PEX-a method. • Mechanical abrasion, shearing,
(PEX-a) Side effects of this process are and stretching that occurs as
discoloration due to oxidation a result of installation, normal
• Silane method (PEX-b)
(from natural white to yellow, structural movement, and
• Electron beam (e-beam) or unless other pigment is added), heating and cooling from
radiation method (PEX-c) and a slightly stiffer product. seasonal weather changes
All three processes generate tubing Uponor PEX provides the durability
that is crosslinked to various PEX-a Distinctions and reliability that’s needed for these
degrees and that is acceptable The properties of PEX-a tubing applications and currently holds the
for potable water-distribution make it the most flexible PEX on unofficial world record for long-term
applications according to ASTM the market. This flexibility allows testing at elevated temperature and
F876 and F877 standards. the tightest bend radius available pressure. From 1973 to 2009, the
Engel Method (PEX-a) — Uponor — 6 times the outside diameter of tubing was subjected to ongoing
manufactures Engel-method PEX-a the tubing. Its flexibility also greatly testing at 203°F/175 psi by Studvik
tubing. The PEX tubing industry reduces instances of kinked tubing. in Sweden and BASF in Germany.
considers this tubing superior because The resulting data indicates a life
However, in the rare instance of
the crosslinking is done during expectancy of well over 100 years.
a kink, that’s okay, because
the manufacturing process when PEX-a tubing has thermal memory.
the polyethylene is in its amorphic Chemical Resistance
Thermal memory allows the repair
state (above the crystalline melting Crosslinked polyethylene has
of kinked tubing with a simple
point). Accordingly, the degree of greatly enhanced resistance to
shot of heat from a heat gun. The
crosslinking reaches approximately chemical-dissolving agents. The
shape memory of PEX-a tubing
85%, resulting in a more uniform unique molecular structure is
offers the unique opportunity for
product with no weak links in the stable, inert and unaffected by
ProPEX® fitting connections. Shape
molecular chain. chemicals commonly found in
memory allows PEX-a to expand
plumbing and heating systems.
Silane Method (PEX-b) — PEX-b and then shrink back to normal size
PEX is also resistant to many
tubing is crosslinked after the — creating strong, durable and
other chemical-dissolving agents,
extrusion process by placing the reliable fitting connections.
making it suitable for many
tubing in a hot water bath or steam Finally, PEX-a tubing offers more applications. Please contact
sauna. The degree of crosslinking resistance to crack propagation Uponor at 800.321.4739 (U.S.)
for PEX-b is typically about 65% to (how a crack grows) than PEX-b or 888.994.7726 (Canada)
70%. This method produces PEX or PEX-c tubing. A crack that occurs with questions about specific
that is not as evenly crosslinked as in PEX-a tubing is the least chemical resistance.
that produced by the PEX-a method. likely to grow over time
In addition, PEX-b lacks the same and cause leaks or damage.
Complete Design Assistance Manual — Chapter 3 – Uponor Tubing Products 15

Oxygen Diffusion • Eventual boiler failure (if a • Always install Uponor systems
Oxygen diffusion can cause cast-iron or steel boiler is used) according to the installation
corrosion problems in a heating instructions.
Here are four ways to manage
system. All non-metallic (plastic oxygen-diffusion corrosion. • Do not use PEX-a tubing where
or rubber) tubing is permeable temperatures and pressures exceed
to the passage of dissolved Option 1 — Use tubing that limits ratings.
oxygen molecules through its the oxygen diffusion into the heat-
• Do not use or store PEX-a tubing
walls. Permeability allows these transfer fluid to a level consistent
where it will be exposed to direct
dissolved oxygen molecules to with established standards. Use
sunlight for more than 30 days.
enter an otherwise closed hydronic Wirsbo hePEX™ or Multi-layer
heating system. Composite (MLC) tubing (formerly • Do not weld, glue or use
MultiCor®) for these applications. adhesives or adhesive tape with
In any new hydronic heating PEX-a tubing.
installation, dissolved oxygen Option 2 — Isolate the heat-
• Do not apply open flame to
molecules exist in the new, fresh transfer fluid from components likely
PEX-a tubing.
water. The large bubbles are purged to corrode (e.g., cast-iron pumps,
from the system prior to initial boilers, expansion tanks, etc.) with a • Do not install PEX-a tubing within
start-up. The dissolved oxygen, non-ferrous heat exchanger. Uponor 6 inches of any gas appliance
however, remains. This dissolved AquaPEX® tubing, without the vents, with the exception of
oxygen is not visible in the form of oxygen-diffusion barrier, is available double-wall B-vents, which have a
bubbles, and cannot be eliminated for those systems that isolate the minimum clearance of 1 inch.
by the use of an air vent or scoop. heating loops from the heat plant • Do not install PEX-a tubing within
and circulator components. All other 12 inches (over or under) of any
As the heating system brings components (e.g., expansion tanks, recessed light fixture unless the
the water up to temperature, circulators and piping) on the floor tubing line is protected with
these dissolved oxygen molecules heating side of the heat exchanger suitable insulation.
increasingly bond with ferrous must be made of a non-ferrous
components in the system. The • Do not solder within 18 inches
material as well.
result is corrosion or rust. After of any PEX-a tubing in the
a few years of operation, a layer Option 3 — Eliminate all corrosive same water line. Sweat
of rust on all ferrous components ferrous components from the connections must be made prior
becomes apparent. system. Uponor AquaPEX is to making a ProPEX connection.
available for those systems that • Do not spray on or allow organic
In a typical hydronic system using use non-ferrous components chemicals, pesticides, strong acids
metallic pipe, almost all dissolved (e.g., bronze pumps, copper tube or strong bases to come into
oxygen molecules are used up and boilers with bronze headers, etc.). contact with PEX-a tubing.
cause a non-aggressive rust called
“ferrous oxide” usually within the Option 4 — Treat all heat-transfer • Do not use petroleum or solvent-
first 72 hours. That’s the end of fluid with corrosion inhibitors. based paints, greases or sealants
the corrosion process. Corrosion inhibitors require regular on PEX-a tubing.
maintenance from the heat plant
However, in a non-metallic system • During remodeling or ceiling
manager to maintain the correct
using plastic or rubber tubing, repair, implement appropriate
inhibitor level. In the event the
oxygen continues to enter the precautions to protect the tubing
system mixture is allowed to lapse,
system through the permeable from damage.
corrosion damage may occur. For
tubing. Accordingly, the corrosion these reasons, Uponor does not • Do not install PEX-a tubing in
process continues. Left unchecked, recommend the use of corrosion soil environments contaminated
this corrosion will cause considerable inhibitors to counter the effects with solvents, fuels, organic
damage to the ferrous components of oxygen diffusion. compounds, pesticides or other
of the radiant heating system. detrimental materials that may
Damage may include: cause permeation, corrosion,
Handling Guidelines degradation or structural failure of
• Circulator failures for PEX Tubing the tubing. Where such conditions
• Pinhole leaks at expansion tanks The following list highlights the are suspected, perform a chemical
• A red, sludgy build-up inside the most common guidelines when analysis of the soil or groundwater
system tubing (reducing flow) handling Uponor PEX-a tubing. to ascertain the acceptability
16 Chapter 3 – Uponor Tubing Products — www.uponorpro.com

of PEX-a tubing for the specific If freezing occurs, the contractor Uponor Tubing
installation. Check local codes should advise the end user to With more than 35 years of
for additional requirements. correct the lack of insulation or service — longer than any other
heat to eliminate the problem PEX manufacturer in North America
Reforming Kinked Tubing from reoccurring. Should Uponor — Uponor is the leader in PEX tubing
If the tubing is kinked and hinders PEX-a tubing experience an ice for radiant heating, plumbing and
flow, repairs can be made easily. blockage, thaw the tubing using fire-protection systems. More than
these methods: two billion feet of Uponor PEX tubing
1. Make sure the system is not
pressurized. 1. Pour hot water over the is in service in North America alone,
tubing’s affected area. and more than 12 billion feet of
2. Straighten the kinked portion
of the tubing. 2. Wrap hot towels around the tubing is installed worldwide.
tubing’s affected area. With that kind of history, you can
3. Heat the kinked area to count on Uponor PEX to offer the
approximately 265ºF with an 3. Place a small portable heating
highest-quality tubing for all your
electric heat gun (approximately unit in the area to heat the space
application needs.
450 watts of power). Apply the and thaw the ice blockage from
heat evenly until the tubing returns the tubing. The Uponor ProPEX fitting system
to its original size and shape. 4. Slowly heat the affected area with (ASTM F1960) was tested with
Do not use an open flame. a heat gun. Rub a hand over the various components provided by
area while heating to ensure the Uponor, including the PEX-a pipe,
4. Let the repaired tubing cool
tubing does not get too hot. PEX-a ring and ProPEX fitting, and
undisturbed to room temperature.
the assembly was listed by CSA. The
When the tubing returns to
testing program included sustained
its opaque appearance, the repair
pressure testing, bent-tube pressure
is complete.
testing, excessive temperature and
Caution: Temperature pressure capability testing as well
of the tubing surface as several other tests with weekly
must not exceed 338ºF. Do not and yearly follow-up procedures.
apply direct flame to the tubing. Uponor’s unique cold-expansion
Uponor PEX-a tubing repaired fitting system is highly reliant on the
according to these recommendations elastic memory of the product and
will return to its original shape and the unique material properties in its
strength. If the tubing is sliced, formulation. CSA will only provide
punctured or otherwise damaged a system certification if warranted;
beyond the capacity of the properties of each component are
crosslinked memory, install a ProPEX proven to be required to form a fully
coupling. PEX tubing cannot be functional system.
welded or repaired with adhesives.
Selecting an Uponor
Thawing Frozen Tubing Tubing Product
Uponor PEX-a tubing can withstand Uponor offers the following tubing
extreme freeze/thaw cycles better Kinks in Uponor PEX are easily products for distribution and supply
than other tubing or pipe. The repaired with a heat gun. and return mains for use in radiant
crosslinking of the tubing allows it heating and cooling installations:
to expand and absorb much of the • Distribution — Wirsbo hePEX, MLC,
expansion energy from the freezing Note: Wirsbo hePEX and
Uponor AquaPEX and Ecoflex®
process. No tubing product is freeze- MLC must be used when
an oxygen-diffusion barrier • Supply and return mains —
proof, but Uponor PEX-a tubing is
tubing is required. Large-dimension Wirsbo hePEX,
extremely resistant to freeze damage.
high-density polyethylene (HDPE)
and Ecoflex

Application and
Uponor Tubing Standards, Listings and Ratings
Design Considerations
Wirsbo hePEX Application — Wirsbo hePEX is Wirsbo hePEX is manufactured to meet ASTM F876 and ASTM
Wirsbo hePEX is Engel- designed for use in closed-loop F877 standards. Wirsbo hePEX has a Standard Grade Hydrostatic
hydronic radiant heating systems Design Stresses and Pressure Rating in accordance with all three
method PEX-a tubing
operating at sustained temperatures temperatures and pressures listed in Table 1 of ASTM F876.
with an oxygen-diffusion
up to 200°F. Corrodible or ferrous Wirsbo hePEX tubing is tested in accordance with PPI TR-3 and
barrier.
components may be used in hot- listed in PPI TR-4.
water heating systems designed The Standard Grade hydrostatic ratings are:
with Wirsbo hePEX tubing. •200°F at 80 psi •180°F at 100 psi •73.4°F at 160 psi
The Hydrostatic Design Stress Board of the Plastics Pipe Institute
(PPI) issues these pressure and temperature ratings. These values
listed are ratings, not limitations. If the designer stays within these
parameters during design, there should not be a problem with the
product. Burst pressures are values used only in manufacturing the
product, not for the system specification or design.
Wirsbo hePEX is listed with the following agencies.
· Council of America Building Officials (CABO) One and Two
Family Dwelling Code
· CAN/CSA B137.5, “Crosslinked Polyethylene (PEX) Tubing
Systems for Pressure Applications”
· ICBO Evaluation Service — ER Number 4407, 5143
· Southern Building Code Congress International (SBCCI) Standard
Plumbing Code (PST and ESI Report Number 9661)
· U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)
Material Release Number 1269
Multi-layer Composite Application — MLC is designed MLC is manufactured to ASTM F1281 as certified by NSF
(MLC) Tubing for use in closed-loop hydronic International. MLC has a Standard Grade Hydrostatic Pressure
heating systems operating at Rating in accordance with the temperatures and pressures listed
MLC consists of aluminum
sustained temperatures up to in Section X1 of ASTM F1281. MLC is tested in accordance with
tubing sandwiched between
200°F. Corrodible or ferrous PPI TR-3 and listed in PPI TR-4.
two layers of PEX. These
components may be used in hot-
PEX layers are bonded to The Standard Grade hydrostatic ratings are:
water heating systems designed
the aluminum with a • 200°F at 100 psi • 180°F at 125 psi
with MLC.
special adhesive.
• 140°F at 160 psi • 73°F at 200 psi
The Hydrostatic Design Stress Board of PPI issues these pressure
and temperature ratings. These values listed are ratings, not
limitations. If the designer stays within these parameters during
design, there should not be a problem with the product. Burst
pressures are values used only in manufacturing the product, not
for the system specification or design.
MLC is listed with the following agencies.
• ICBO Evaluation Service — ER Number 5298
• Southern Building Code Congress International (SBCCI)
Standard Plumbing Code (PST and ESI Report Number 9829)

Linear
Barrier Information Dimensions Coil Lengths
Expansion Rate
Wirsbo hePEX is sealed with a The unrestrained linear • 5⁄16" nominal inside diameter Refer to the Uponor
special polymer barrier to prevent (thermal) expansion (contains 0.35 gallons/100' of tubing) Product Catalog for
the diffusion of oxygen through the rate for Wirsbo hePEX • 3⁄8" nominal inside diameter available coil lengths.
tubing wall and to protect the ferrous tubing is approximately (contains 0.50 gallons/100' of tubing)
components of a closed-loop hydronic 1.1 inches per 10°F • 1⁄2" nominal inside diameter
heating system from corrosion temperature change (contains 0.92 gallons/100' of tubing)
damage. The barrier consists of an per 100 feet of tubing.
• 5⁄8" nominal inside diameter
ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH) layer
(contains 1.34 gallons/100' of tubing)
co-extruded onto the tubing during
the manufacturing process. Uponor • 3⁄4" nominal inside diameter
applies another thin polyethylene (contains 1.84 gallons/100' of tubing)
layer over the EVOH barrier on the • 1" nominal inside diameter
tubing to reduce possible onsite (contains 3.03 gallons/100' of tubing)
damage to the oxygen-diffusion • 11⁄4" nominal inside diameter
barrier. This polyethylene layer also (contains 4.54 gallons/100' of tubing)
provides protection for the EVOH • 11⁄2" nominal inside diameter
barrier if the tubing is immersed (contains 6.33 gallons/100' of tubing)
in high-moisture applications. The
• 2"nominal inside diameter
Wirsbo hePEX barrier meets the
requirements of the German DIN
Standard 4726 for oxygen-diffusion • 21⁄2" nominal inside diameter
prevention. The amount of oxygen (contains 16.53 gallons/100' of tubing)
that enters the system must be less • 3" nominal inside diameter
than 0.10 grams per cubic meter per (contains 23.51 gallons/100' of tubing)
day at 104°F. • 4" nominal inside diameter
MLC offers 100% oxygen-diffusion The unrestrained linear • 1⁄2" nominal inside diameter Refer to the Uponor
protection due to the aluminum within (thermal) expansion (contains 0.98 gallons/100' of tubing) Product Catalog for
the tubing wall. rate for MLC is • 5⁄8" nominal inside diameter available coil lengths.
approximately 0.156 (contains 1.60 gallons/100' of tubing) Custom coil lengths
inches per 10°F are also available for
temperature change qualifying orders.
per 100 feet of tubing. Allow six weeks for
• 1" nominal inside diameter delivery. Call Uponor
(contains 4.20 gallons/100' of tubing) Customer Service at
888.594.7726
for availability
and pricing.

Application and
Uponor Tubing Standards, Listings and Ratings
Uponor AquaPEX Application — Uponor AquaPEX Uponor AquaPEX is manufactured to meet: ASTM F876, ASTM
Uponor AquaPEX is a can be used in closed-loop F877 and CAN/CSA B137.5. Uponor AquaPEX has a Standard
registered trade name for hydronic heating systems operating Grade Hydrostatic Design Stresses and Pressure Rating in
the company’s hot and cold at sustained temperatures up accordance with all three temperatures and pressures listed in
potable water tubing. It is to 200°F, provided any issues Table 1 of ASTM F876. Uponor AquaPEX tubing is tested in
essentially the same product concerning oxygen diffusion are accordance with PPI TR-3 and listed in PPI TR-4. The Standard
as Wirsbo hePEX, but without properly addressed. Corrodible or Grade hydrostatic ratings are:
the oxygen-diffusion barrier. ferrous components may not be • 200°F at 80 psi
used in a system designed with • 180°F at 100 psi
Uponor AquaPEX unless these • 73.4°F at 160 psi
components are isolated from The Hydrostatic Design Stress Board of PPI issues these pressure
the tubing. and temperature ratings. These values listed are ratings, not
Design Considerations — limitations. If the designer stays within these parameters during
Uponor AquaPEX is permeable to design, there should not be a problem with the product. Burst
oxygen at a rate up to 13.6 grams pressures are values used only in manufacturing of the product,
per cubic meter per day at 158°F. not for the system specification or design.
Radiant floor systems using Uponor Uponor AquaPEX is listed with the following agencies.
AquaPEX tubing must be designed
• ANSI/NSF 14 and 61 Certified
to accept oxygen permeation.
• Council of America Building Officials (CABO) One and Two
Family Dwelling Code
• ICBO Evaluation Service — ER Number 5142, 5143
• Southern Building Code Congress International (SBCCI)
Standard Plumbing Code (PST and ESI Report Number 9661)
• UPC Listing — Files 3558, 3946, 3960
• U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)
Material Release Number 1269
High-density Application — Uponor HDPE can Uponor HDPE tubing and fittings are manufactured by Phillips
Polyethylene (HDPE) be used as supply and return mains Driscopipe to meet ASTM D3350 and ASTM D3261. The HDPE
in closed-loop hydronic heating tubing has the following hydrostatic pressure and temperature
Uponor high-density
systems operating at sustained ratings from PPI.
polyethylene (HDPE) tubing
temperatures up to 140°F, provided • 140°F at 80 psi
(PE 3408) is a non-barrier
any issues concerning oxygen • 120°F at 101 psi
product that is joined by
diffusion are properly addressed. • 100°F at 125 psi
heat-fusion welding. Flange
Corrodible or ferrous components • 73°F at 160 psi
adapters are available to
may not be used in a system
transition to nonferrous HDPE conforms to the following certifications.
designed with Uponor HDPE unless
piping. Refer to the Uponor
these components are isolated from Standards: PE 3408, PE 3608, AWWA, C901/C906; ASTM
Product Catalog
the tubing. F714
for additional
fitting and Design Considerations — HDPE Listings: NSF/ANSI 61 or NSF-pw
component tubing has an oxygen-diffusion
information. rate greater than that allowed by
the German DIN 4726. Hydronic
heating systems using HDPE tubing
must be designed to accept oxygen
permeation or be isolated from
ferrous components in the system.

Linear
Barrier Information Dimensions Coil Lengths
Expansion Rate
Uponor AquaPEX is a non-barrier The unrestrained linear • 1⁄4" nominal inside diameter Refer to the Uponor
product. expansion (thermal) (contains 0.24 gallons/100' of tubing) Product Catalog for
rate for Uponor • 3⁄8" nominal inside diameter available coil lengths.
AquaPEX tubing is (contains 0.50 gallons/100' of tubing) Custom coil lengths
approximately 1.1 are also available for
inches per 10°F (contains 0.92 gallons/100' of tubing) qualifying orders.
temperature change Allow six weeks for
per 100 feet of tubing. • 5⁄8" nominal inside diameter delivery. Call Uponor
(contains 1.34 gallons/100' of tubing) Customer Service
• 3⁄4" nominal inside diameter at 888.594.7726
(contains 1.84 gallons/100' of tubing) for availability
• 1" nominal inside diameter and pricing.
• 2"nominal inside diameter
• 3" nominal inside diameter
Uponor HDPE is a non-barrier product. The unrestrained linear • 2" nominal inside diameter Uponor HDPE is only
expansion (thermal) (contains 15.0 gallons/100' of tubing) available in 20-foot
rate for HDPE tubing • 3" nominal inside diameter straight lengths.
is approximately (contains 32.6 gallons/100' of tubing)
1.4 inches per 10°F
• 4" nominal inside diameter
temperature change
per 100 feet of tubing.

Recognized for its ability to stand Ecoflex Potable PEX
up to harsh environments, Ecoflex Ideal for hot and cold potable-
— now available in ASTM sizes — water applications, ASTM Ecoflex
is virtually maintenance-free. Potable PEX features Uponor
This feature is especially important AquaPEX (PEX-a) service pipe
since Ecoflex usually involves protected by multi-layer,
an underground installation. PEX-foam insulation and covered
With coil lengths available up by a corrugated, watertight
to 600 feet, Ecoflex practically HDPE jacket. Ecoflex Potable
eliminates the need for PEX uses ProPEX fittings
underground joints — resulting (up to 2") or WIPEX DZR
in seamless runs of piping. brass compression fittings.
Ecoflex Thermal Codes and Standards —
ASTM Ecoflex Thermal is a UPC, IPC, NSPC, NPC of Canada;
pre-insulated pipe for buried or ASTM F876, ASTM F877;
above-ground commercial and CSA B137.5; NSF-pw; PEX 5106
Ecoflex Pre-insulated residential hydronic radiant heating
Ecoflex Potable HDPE
Pipe Systems and cooling applications with
single or twin pipe options. Service Perfect for cold potable water,
Designed for fluid transfer in a
pipes are made from PEX-a Wirsbo cooling and low-temperature
variety of hydronic heating, cooling
hePEX (oxygen-diffusion barrier) heating applications, ASTM
and potable-water applications,
tubing, protected by multi-layer, Ecoflex Potable HDPE features
Ecoflex pre-insulated pipes are
PEX-foam insulation and covered HDPE service pipe protected
easy to install, dependable, cost-
by a corrugated, watertight, by multi-layer, PEX-foam insulation
effective and energy-saving.
HDPE jacket. Use with ProPEX and covered by a corrugated,
Lightweight and flexible, Ecoflex fittings (up to 2") or WIPEX watertight, HDPE jacket.
installs easily and quickly in dezincification-resistant (DZR) Ecoflex Potable HDPE uses
commercial and residential brass compression fittings. any industry-standard SDR11
applications — even over HDPE fitting method.
Codes and Standards — ASTM
obstacles and around corners.
F876, F877 and F1960; CSA Codes and Standards — UPC, IPC,
B137.5; NSF-rfh NSPC, NPC of Canada; PE 3408,
PE 3608 or PE 3454; AWWA C906;
ASTM F714; NSF-pw

Fire-resistant Standards o UL Design No. K913 rating Firestop Listings
National building codes, such as applies to 1⁄2" to 2" Uponor Numerous firestop systems are
the IBC and UBC, require that AquaPEX and Wirsbo listed with PEX tubing in one- and
products used in commercial hePEX tubing, fittings and two-hour through penetration
construction meet specific manifolds installed in one assemblies. Several firestop
standards. In addition to and two-hour concrete manufacturers listed their products
recognized product standards, floor/ceiling unrestrained for use with PEX tubing when
PEX tubing systems must meet (and restrained) assemblies. installed in accordance with the
fire-resistant construction o UL Design No. V444 rating listed construction assembly.
standards. To ensure compliance applies to 1⁄2" to 2" AquaPEX Acceptable firestop systems are
with all national standards, and Wirbso hePEX tubing, tested in accordance with the
Uponor commissioned Intertek fittings and manifolds standard below. For the most
Testing Services (formerly known installed in one-hour steel current list of manufacturers,
as Warnock Hersey) to test and stud/gypsum wallboard refer to www.uponorpro.com or
list Uponor AquaPEX and Wirsbo wall assemblies. www.uponorengineering.com.
hePEX tubing and systems.
• ASTM E84 “Standard • ASTM E814 (UL 1479) “Standard
Uponor PEX achieved the following
Test Method for Surface Test Method for Fire Tests of
fire-resistant construction ratings
Burning Characteristics Through-Penetration Fire Stops”
when tested in accordance with
of Building Materials” o 3M Fire Protection Products
the applicable standards:
o Certification of flame o HILTI, Inc.
• ANSI/UL 263 (ASTM E119, spread/smoke development
NFPA No. 251) “Standard for rating of 25/50 in accordance o RectorSeal, Metacaulk
Safety for Fire Tests of Building with ASTM E84 for the
Construction and Materials” following Uponor AquaPEX
o UL Design No. L557 rating and Wirbso hePEX tubing
applies to 1⁄2" to 2" Uponor sizes: 5⁄16", 3⁄8", 1⁄2", 5⁄8" and 3⁄4".
AquaPEX and Wirsbo
hePEX tubing, fittings and
manifolds installed in
one-hour wood frame floor
and ceiling assemblies.

Chapter 4
Uponor Distribution Components
This section outlines the manifold

sets available for use with
radiant floor heating and cooling
systems in residential and
commercial applications.
Complete Design Assistance Manual — Chapter 4 – Uponor Distribution Components 25

Uponor Engineered
Plastic (EP) Manifold
The Uponor Engineered Plastic
(EP) Heating Manifold is
constructed of thermoplastic,
high-performance, advanced
materials suitable for use under
conditions of high impact,
heat and moisture. They are a
lightweight, economically priced
and a sustainable choice for
both residential and commercial
radiant applications.
The EP Heating Manifold is rated
with the following capabilities:
• 140°F at 87 psi
• 158°F at 72 psi
• 176°F at 58 psi
• 194°F at 43 psi
The manifold comes with a
mounting bracket for fast and
easy installation on a wall.
Simply snap the manifold into
the mounting bracket, and
installation is complete.
The EP Heating Manifold is • 3⁄8", 1⁄2", 5⁄8" and 3⁄4"
available in two through eight Wirsbo hePEX and Uponor
loops, and it accommodates AquaPEX tubing with
15.4 gallons per minute (gpm). ProPEX fitting assemblies
Uponor also offers single loops to
extend service up to 12 loops total. • 1⁄2" and 5⁄8" Wirsbo hePEX
Refer to page 27 for the exploded and Uponor AquaPEX tubing
EP Heating Manifold view. with MLC tubing compression
fitting assemblies
Balancing — Balance an
• 5⁄16", 3⁄8", 1⁄2", 5⁄8" Wirsbo hePEX
EP Heating Manifold with the
and Uponor AquaPEX tubing
included visual flow meter.
with QS-style compression
Applicable Tubing — fitting assemblies
EP Heating Manifolds support
the following tubing.
• 1⁄2" and 5⁄8" Wirsbo hePEXTM and
Uponor AquaPEX® tubing with
MLC press fitting assemblies
26 Chapter 4 – Uponor Distribution Components — www.uponorpro.com

Engineered Plastic (EP) Heating Manifold Exploded View
EP Heating Manifold End Cap with
Vent and Drain (A2671250)
EP Heating Manifold
Two-wire Actuator Thermal Actuator,
(A3030522) Two-wire (A3020416)
EP Heating Manifold
Connection Piece (A2670032) or Thermal Actuator,
Four-wire
(A3010522)
EP Heating Manifold
Actuator Adapter (A2671300)
EP Heating
Manifold
Thermometer
(A2670132)
EP Heating Manifold, EP Heating Manifold Single Section,

4 loops (A2670401) with Isolation Valve (A2670001)
EP Heating Manifold Single Section,

with Balancing Valve and Flow
Meter (A2670003)
EP Heating
Manifold Flow
EP Heating Manifold Elbow (A2670090) Meter Valve Body
(A2670005)
EP Heating Manifold Isolation

Valve Body (A2670004)
MLC Press Fitting Assemblies

(1⁄2" D4020500, 5⁄8" D4020625)
ProPEX Fitting Assemblies

EP Heating Manifold (3⁄8" Q4020375, 1⁄2" Q4020500, 5⁄8" Q4020625, 3⁄4" Q4020750)
Bracket (A2670006)
MLC Tubing Compression Fitting Assemblies
(1⁄2" D4120500, 5⁄8" D4120625)
QS-style Compression Fitting Assemblies
EP Heating (5⁄16" A4020313, 3⁄8" A4020375, 1⁄2" A4020500, 5⁄8" A4020625)
Manifold Valve
Replacement Tool
(A2670007)
Threaded Brass
ProPEX Manifold Straight Adapter Manifold Bushing
(3⁄4" Q4143275, 1" Q4143210) (3⁄4" A2133275,
EP Heating Manifold
1" A2123210)
Replacement O-ring
(A2670008)
Brass Manifold Combination Threaded
MLC Press Fitting Manifold Adapter/Fitting Adapter
Straight Adapter (5⁄8" D4143263, Brass Manifold
(3⁄4" A4143210, 1" A4133210) Straight Adapter
3
⁄4" D4143275, 1" D4143210)
(3⁄4" A4143220,
ProPEX Manifold Elbow Adapter 1" A4143225)
(3⁄4" Q4153275, 1" Q4153210)
MLC Press Fitting Manifold
Elbow Adapter (5⁄8" D4153263,
3
⁄4" D4153275, 1" D4153210)

TruFLOWTM Manifolds
TruFLOW™ manifolds are made
of highly reliable extruded brass
and come preassembled for easy
installation. The manifold mounts
on a durable metal bracket and
features a basic end cap on the
supply and an end cap with vent
and drain on the return. The inlet
side of the manifold is equipped
with R32 unions to fit any manifold
adapter currently offered. The
supply manifold body features
calibrated balancing valves. The
return manifold comes with
on/off valves to mount thermal
actuators or motorized valve
actuators (MVAs). Its high-flow
capacity can handle up to 12-loop
configurations.
Balancing — TruFLOW manifolds
traditionally use balancing valves
for ease in situations where loop
lengths vary across the manifold
body. To balance manifolds that
do not have visual flow meters,
refer to Performing Initial Applicable Tubing —
Flow Balance Calculations TruFLOW manifolds support
on page 73. the following tubing.
The TruFLOW Manifold is • 1⁄2" and 5⁄8" Wirsbo hePEX and
also available in a valveless Uponor AquaPEX tubing with
configuration for situations that MLC press fitting assemblies
do not require balancing on the • 1⁄2", 5⁄8" and 3⁄4" Wirsbo hePEX
loops. For example, a manifold and Uponor AquaPEX tubing
that has only one zone, equal with ProPEX fitting assemblies
loop lengths and is configured in
• 1⁄2" and 5⁄8" Wirsbo hePEX
a reverse-return orientation would
and Uponor AquaPEX tubing
be a great application for the
with MLC compression
TruFLOW valveless manifold.
fitting assemblies
The maximum operating • 5⁄16", 3⁄8", 1⁄2", 5⁄8" Wirsbo hePEX
temperature and pressure for the and Uponor AquaPEX tubing
TruFLOW manifolds and flow/ with QS-style compression
temperature meters is 220°F at fitting assemblies
145 psi. Refer to page 29 for the
exploded TruFLOW manifold view.

TruFLOW Heating Manifold Exploded View
Thermal Actuator, Two-wire (A3020416)
or Thermal Actuator, Four-wire (A3010522) TruFLOW Manifold Supply
and Return Ball Valves
Motorized Valve
TruFLOW On/Off Valve Plastic Cap, replacement part (A2620018) (A2631250)
Actuator, Four-wire
(A3020522)
Thermal Actuator, Two-wire (A3030523)
TruFLOW Manifold
TruFLOW End Cap with TruFLOW On/Off Valve Body,

Vent and Drain (A2621250) replacement part (A2620017)
TruFLOW Manifold
Actuator Adapter (A2630028)
TruFLOW Manifold R32 Union

Mounting Brackets
(Jr. Manifold Replacement O-ring for TruFLOW/
A2640006, Temperature Meter (A2620009)
Classic Manifold
A2620006)
TruFLOW Manifold Balancing
Hex Key (A2620002)
TruFLOW Visual Flow Meter (0.15-0.8 gpm A2640015, 0.25-2.0 gpm A2640027)
TruFLOW
Basic End Cap
TruFLOW Balancing Valve Plastic Cap, (A2611250)
TruFLOW Balancing Valve Body,
replacement part (A2620014) replacement part (A2620013)
TruFLOW Classic
Manifold Offset
Union (A2620045) TruFLOW Classic Manifold Extension
R20 Outlet
Kit, 2 loops (A2610100)
TruFLOW Manifold Loop

Thermometer (A2610020)
TruFLOW Classic
Manifold Elbow
MLC Press Fitting Assemblies
Union (A2620090)
(1⁄2" D4020500, 5⁄8" D4020625)
ProPEX Fitting Assemblies (3⁄8" Q4020375,
1
⁄2" Q4020500, 5⁄8" Q4020625, 3⁄4" Q4020750)
ProPEX Manifold Straight Adapter MLC Tubing Compression Fitting Assemblies
(3⁄4" Q4143275, 1" Q4143210) (1⁄2" D4120500, 5⁄8" D4120625)
QS-style Compression Fitting Assemblies
(5⁄16" A4020313, 3⁄8" A4020375, ProPEX Manifold Elbow Adapter
1
⁄2" A4020500, 5⁄8" A4020625) (3⁄4" Q4153275, 1" Q4153210)
Brass Manifold Combination
Adapter/Fitting Adapter
(3⁄4" A4143210, 1" A4133210) Threaded Brass Manifold Bushing
(3⁄4" A2133275, 1" A2123210)
Threaded Brass Manifold MLC Press Fitting Manifold Elbow

MLC Press Fitting Manifold
Straight Adapter Adapter (5⁄8" D4153263,
Straight Adapter (5⁄8" D4143263,
(3⁄4" A4143220, 1" A4143225)
3
⁄4" D4153275, 1" D4153210)
3
⁄4" D4143275, 1" D4143210)

HDPE Valveless tubing. The HDPE manifolds do Example
Manifolds not offer an oxygen-diffusion If the design calls for 267-foot
barrier. Primary application is for loops on the manifold, then the
The HDPE manifolds are available
direct burial in systems isolated range of loop lengths must fall
in 2, 3 and 4-inch dimensions.
with a heat exchanger. within 263 and 271 feet. Three
The manifolds feature 300-series
stainless steel ProPEX fitting Balancing — HDPE manifolds are percent of 267 feet is 8 feet —
adapters preformed on the HDPE not designed to balance across the 4 feet on either side of your
outlets. The manifold is designed manifold. All loop lengths must be target length.
to only support 3⁄4" and 1" PEX within 3% of each other in length Supply and return piping to
on the manifold. the manifold should be installed
in a reverse-return configuration
to allow self-balancing across
the manifold.
Applicable Tubing — HDPE
manifolds support the following
tubing.
• 3⁄4" and 1" Wirsbo hePEX and
Uponor AquaPEX tubing with
ProPEX fitting assemblies
Copper Valved Manifolds The longest loop on the manifold The memory spindle for that
These 2-inch copper valved will be left full open. From closed 250-foot loop would be turned
manifolds are 48 inches long with to full open is 10 full turns of the open 8.3 turns from closed.
12 valved outlets. The outlets come memory spindle. Balance the other
Applicable Tubing — These
in several configurations of ProPEX loops using this formula:
copper valved manifolds support
or male threaded connections. Loop to be balanced/longest loop the following tubing.
The outlets are valved with either on the manifold x 10 = number of • 5⁄8" and 3⁄4" Wirsbo hePEX
a ball valve (isolation) or a ball turns from closed and Uponor AquaPEX tubing
valve/balancing valve combination
with ProPEX or QS-style
(isolation with balancing). Example
fitting assemblies
Balancing — Remove the Loop to be balanced: 250 feet
• 5⁄8" and 3⁄4" MLC tubing with
knurled safety cap from the valve. Longest loop on the manifold: QS-style fitting assemblies
Using an Allen or hex key, turn 300 feet
the memory spindle clockwise until x = 250 / 300 x 10
closed. To balance, turn the hex x = 0.83 x 10
key (counterclockwise) the number x = 8.3
of required turns from close.
Replace the safety cap.

Chapter 5
Economy of Design
Technology is constantly evolving.

What was once considered
innovative, or even far-fetched,
becomes the norm. For example,
the earliest pioneers of computers
did not anticipate that people
would want or even need a
computer in their homes. Now,
they’re as common as television
sets, mobile phones and iPods. Thermostats
So, too, have things evolved in The customer’s point of interface
the heating industry. Just two
Manifolds with the heating system is the
decades ago, few people were A contractor no longer needs thermostat. Some contractors feel
aware of radiant floor heating, and to consider zoning by manifold that a thermostat is a thermostat
even fewer seriously considered throughout the structure. It is — any one will work as well as
installing it in their homes. Now, more economical to install multiple another. That’s like saying a car
radiant floor heating is the fastest zones per manifold location is just a car. Along with other
growing segment of the heating than to install multiple manifold hydronic controls, thermostats
industry in North America. locations. Consider the amount have also evolved to provide a
of time it takes to install several sophisticated control interface.
In today’s world, if contractors are manifold locations compared to
not accessible by e-mail or at least In the past, the only function of
just a few.
a cell phone, customers wonder a thermostat was activating one
about the contractor’s ability Another factor to consider is the appliance on a call for heat. That
to provide current technologies lack of zoning in a structure. simplicity required a basic design.
for their home. As technology For example, forced-air systems Lifestyles have changed, and
evolves, so must heating and typically only use one thermostat heating equipment offers greater
cooling solutions. The days of for the entire building. Radiant diversity. Using an old thermostat
manual mixing valves and single floors, however, allow customized designed in the 1950s is like
thermostats in a radiant floor zoning for different rooms. putting a single-barrel carburetor
system are almost obsolete. Remember, a radiant floor heats on a Ferrari®. It will run, but it will
Contractors must continually only the space above it and does come nowhere near providing the
train and become educated about not migrate to other rooms. Too performance the customer expects.
newer technologies. often, large homes are installed
Uponor thermostats are specifically
with minimal zoning, so the
This chapter highlights some of designed to support radiant floor
customer is forced to compromise
the newer technologies in radiant applications. Anticipation of
on comfort.
floor heating that are available to radiant mass is different than that
heating professionals from Uponor. Manufacturers are responding of air mass. Also, radiant floor
to the market’s desire for speed systems have a number of voltage
and simplicity. Earlier versions load changes across the circuit
of manifolds left the contractor due to the opening and closing
assembling the manifold sections. of zone valves or actuators. Most
Now, the contractor simply pulls forced-air thermostats do not
an assembled manifold set out consider these options in their
of the box and mounts it in design. Do not limit the customer’s
the proper location. The only control of their system by using
requirement for the contractor thermostats not designed for
is to install the different options radiant applications.
ordered with the manifold.
Complete Design Assistance Manual — Chapter 5 – Economy of Design 31

documentation of their project. See Optimal Spacing
Chapter 7 for more information Typical tubing spacing for
about Uponor design software. radiant systems in concrete slabs
is 12 inches on center when used
to heat living spaces (unless the
design dictates otherwise). In
areas — such as storage areas and
garages — that are not considered
living spaces, tubing spacing may
be increased to 18 or 24 inches
on center. The key is meeting the
Reset Controls heat loss, which determines the
Reset controls, used in baseboard appropriate tubing spacing along
systems for years, have a proven with other design elements.
track record for saving money Use the Uponor Advanced
Distribution Piping Design SuiteTM (ADS) design
by reducing fuel utilization.
Consider the speed of installation program to gauge the impact
Using reset with radiant system
using PEX tubing for distribution on water temperatures.
also makes sense. Reset allows
piping between manifolds and the
the supply water temperature Do not install tubing where it is not
mechanical room. The tubing is
to adjust as the outdoor required. An area that will be used
woven through the truss or joist at
temperature fluctuates. In turn, for cold storage would not require
a fraction of the time needed to
this helps eliminate short cycling tubing as the contents of the
install copper tubing. And no joints
of the boiler. room do not require a conditioned
means a straight, seamless run.
Note that modulating-condensing space. Interior rooms with no
Multi-layer Composite (MLC) exposed walls or ceiling loss are
(mod-con) boilers can provide reset
tubing (formerly MultiCor®) offers also areas where tubing may not be
to a radiant system. Accordingly, it
another excellent opportunity needed. An exception may be an
isn’t necessary to include additional
to save labor and material costs interior bathroom with tile flooring.
mixing controls in the radiant
for distribution tubing. MLC is Installing tubing will provide
system when a mod-con boiler
aluminum tubing sandwiched comfort where the floor might
is providing that control.
between two layers of PEX. This otherwise be unpleasantly cool.
tubing is rigid and stays in place as
formed. MLC also eliminates the
need for support around the tubing
when making 90-degree bends.
Design Software
Design software provides three
primary advantages: speed,
accuracy and documentation.
The computer printout provides
documentation of the design
at the time of design. Should
the customer change any of the
structural design, the heating
system designer can document the
requirement for a change order.
The documentation protects both
the designer and the customer.
The designer documents the
system, and the customer receives
32 Chapter 5 – Economy of Design — www.uponorpro.com

stairs and door frames, reducing
extra work after the radiant
installation is complete. Fast Trak
0.5 is very easy to install because
it comes with an adhesive backing
that sticks to the existing slab —
eliminating any sliding that might
otherwise occur.
Fast Trak 1.3i is offered for
applications where a thermal break
is recommended — for example,
with an uninsulated slab over a
high water table. Fast Trak 1.3i
comes with a layer of expanded
polystyrene directly below the
knobbed area, providing a layer
of insulation and a method to
fasten the tubing in one package.
Radiant RolloutTM Mat Fast TrakTM This product not only reduces
Uponor has introduced several Fast TrakTM is a product line installation time for the contractor,
products that can significantly offered by Uponor that removes but also saves the property owner
lower total installed cost for complexity from radiant money through reduced monthly
a radiant heating system. The installations, yielding reductions in energy bills.
Radiant RolloutTM Mat is a installation time and system cost.
Both Fast Trak panels are easy to
custom-designed, prefabricated
Fast Trak 0.5 is offered as a cut and fit into any floor geometry;
network of Uponor PEX-a tubing
solution for applications where simply snap the panels together
(Wirsbo hePEX barrier tubing or
ceiling height is at a premium. Fast to make a continuous mat. Also,
Uponor AquaPEX non-barrier
Trak 0.5 requires a total flooring since the tubing snaps between
tubing) connected with ProPEX
height increase of less than 1 the knobs on the panel, it is easy
engineered plastic (EP) fittings,
inch, which is unprecedented for to achieve a variation of on-center
which are safe for direct burial in a
poured underlayment applications. tube spacing as well as a multitude
slab. The product comes from the
This minimal total flooring height of layout options.
factory pre-pressurized to protect
minimizes adjustments needed to
against damage during shipping.
The mats are constructed with
an in-slab, reverse-return header
assembly so each mat only has
one supply-and-return line. This
construction significantly reduces
the required number of wall-
mounted manifolds. As the mats
are custom-designed for each
project, the installer simply anchors
the header in place and rolls the
mat out into its designed location
— providing a fast, efficient, and
consistent method for installing
radiant tubing in large areas. The
faster installation time reduces
installation labor costs and helps
contractors stay on schedule —
so projects are completed and
building open on time.
Complete Design Assistance Manual — Chapter 5 – Economy of Design 33

Ecoflex
Ecoflex is yet another Uponor
product that reduces total
installation time and delivers cost
savings. Ecoflex is a flexible,
pre-insulated and jacketed PEX-a
product that is typically buried
underground. Ecoflex can be buried
in unlevel and serpentine trenches
— making it a viable solution for
potable, hydronic or chilled-water
distribution applications. It offers
significant advantages over rigid
piping: eliminates expansion joints,
reduces trenching time, is available
in continuous lengths up to 600
feet, uses high-flow ProPEX fitting
technology and offers more than
25 years of success. Ecoflex can
reduce installation time by up to
70% while reducing risk to the
contractor and property owner by
removing unnecessary fittings and
connection points in the ground.
34 Chapter 5 – Economy of Design — www.uponorpro.com

Chapter 6
Installation Methods
This chapter profiles a number effective and efficient installation. at the manifolds, then the supply
of radiant floor and ceiling Normally, the general contractor is and return piping and finally within
installation techniques and some responsible for this coordination. the mechanical room.
helpful hints. Each page includes If needed, coordinate between
When running low-voltage wiring,
a detailed illustration, as well as the other heating, cooling and
always run more wire in the bundle
how, where and what to look for electrical trades yourself to
than needed. For example, if the
when installing radiant heating. eliminate any possible conflicts.
thermostat requires two wires
Listed below are several general
Phase 2: Initial — Take the time for proper operation, run at least
categories of installation methods
to assign the loop lengths used three-wire thermostat wire. The
with several approaches detailed
from each tubing coil. This effort additional wire comes in handy
within these categories.
will minimize waste tubing. Use should one of the wires break
• Slab on or below grade a tubing uncoiler. A good within the bundle. If only two
• Poured-floor underlayment uncoiler eliminates needing wires are installed, a lot of time
- Fast TrakTM another person for the job. and money is spent trying to
- Staple down find the location of the break.
If the preparatory phase is
The cost difference is insignificant
• Dry above executed correctly, the installer
between two-wire and three-wire
- Quik Trak® for floors can quickly run the supply and
thermostat wire, but it can save
return tubing and low-voltage
• Staple up profit on a job.
wiring for the manifold locations
- Joist Trak™ panels
with minimal conflict. Coordinate It is a good practice to draw
- Joist heating with the carpenters for each the mechanical layout before
• Radiant wall manifold location rough-in. construction begins. The drawing
- Quik Trak for walls Remember to let the electrician helps identify any potential
know your requirements problems, which can be corrected
• Radiant ceiling
throughout the structure as well prior to installation. The drawing
- Joist Trak panels
as in the mechanical room. also helps identify products for
the final mechanical material list.
Be sure to keep the jobsite
Site Preparations clear of debris and tools. The Phase 4: Completion — Once
The key to any successful general contractor should the tubing installation is complete
installation is coordination and coordinate a debris collection on with connections to the manifold,
preparation of the project site. the jobsite to facilitate cleanup. pressure test it to a minimum of
A professional, cooperative Plan for each day’s scheduled 60 psi for at least 24 hours (or to
approach will make the installation work to ensure the availability local code requirement) to ensure
a positive experience for all of materials and labor. system integrity. Also, keep the
involved. Respect the work of system under pressure during
others. There are phases to the Phase 3: In Progress —
the concrete pour or when other
construction schedule. A little Coordinate the tubing installation
trades are working in the area of
planning and coordination will to minimize other trade traffic
the tubing. Pressurize the system
streamline project installation. over the exposed tubing. Pressure
with air. If water is used, you must
test from each manifold location.
Phase 1: Preparatory — Ensure drain and blow out the system
Install isolation ball valves on the
the latest changes to the design after the pour to prevent freezing.
supply and return piping to the
are incorporated to avoid work Water is not recommended when
manifold at the manifold location.
stoppage or distractions during the weather is close to freezing since it
This isolates the manifold and
installation phases. Coordination is nearly impossible to completely
distribution tubing from the supply
between other trade personnel drain the system.
and return piping for air testing.
on the site is crucial for an The sequence for air testing begins
Complete Design Assistance Manual — Chapter 6 – Installation Methods 35

Assemble a binder for the end Tubing Layout Patterns
user that contains all the heat The four most common tubing
loss, design and performance layout patterns are single-wall
information for the radiant floor serpentine, double-wall serpentine,
system. Add other component triple-wall serpentine and counter
information, including warranty flow. The object of each method
documentation. If involved with is to replace the heat loss of the
service support, offer a service zone where it occurs as precisely
contract for the system. as possible. This is accomplished
Phase 5: Testing and Start Up by supplying the warmest water
— Review the mechanical drawings to the areas of the zone with the
in Chapter 13 for placement highest heat loss. As the heat
Figure 6-1: Single-wall Serpentine Tubing Layout of the initial fill stations. Proper loss diminishes, so does the heat
placement will save time when requirement. More than one
filling and bleeding the system. pattern may be used within a single
Using an air eliminator in the boiler loop or when an area requires
room helps eliminate micro air multiple loops.
bubbles from the system. The air Single-wall Serpentine —
eliminator is usually installed with Use this pattern when a single
the expansion tank piped in from wall represents the major heat
below. If an automatic fill station loss of the zone. Feed the supply
is used, it is normally installed directly to the high heat-loss wall
between the expansion tank and and then serpentine toward the
the air eliminator. lower heat-loss area. Tubing
Follow the manufacturer’s runs start 6 inches from walls or
instructions when testing all nailing surfaces. Six-inch on-center
Figure 6-2: Double-wall Serpentine Tubing Layout tubing runs are often installed
electrical components. Ensure all
thermostats function properly, and 12 to 18 inches from the exterior
activate the corresponding thermal wall to improve response time
actuator, zone valve or circulator. (see Figure 6-1).
After the system is filled and bled Double-wall Serpentine —
of air, fire the boiler and pumps Use this pattern when two adjacent
to ensure proper operation. walls represent the major heat
loss of the room. Feed the supply
directly to either of the heat-loss
Installation
walls and then serpentine toward
The following section addresses
the lower heat-loss area in an
some common installation
alternating pattern against the
procedures and material use.
Figure 6-3: Triple-wall Serpentine Tubing Layout two heat-loss walls. Tubing runs
Review and understand material start 6 inches from walls or
capabilities and limitations, and nailing surfaces. Six-inch on-center
ensure compliance with local and tubing runs are often installed
state code requirements. Establish 12 to 18 inches from the exterior
good communication with the code wall to improve response time
inspectors in your area to avoid (see Figure 6-2).
any surprises. Challenges may
Triple-wall Serpentine — Use
arise when different installation
this pattern when three walls
practices or components are not
represent the major heat loss of
clearly addressed in the codes. If
the room. Feed the supply along
you have questions concerning the
the heat-loss walls in an alternating
codes, contact your local inspector.
pattern and serpentine toward the
Most inspectors appreciate working
lower heat-loss area of the room.
with proactive contractors.
Figure 6-4: Counter Flow Tubing Layout
36 Chapter 6 – Installation Methods — www.uponorpro.com

Tubing runs start 6 inches from the slab along with any additional drainage system is crucial to the
walls or nailing surfaces. Six-inch dead or live loads. When concrete success of the radiant floor system.
on-center tubing runs are often is applied over the insulation, Without correcting the moist
installed 12 to 18 inches from the the weight of the concrete causes soil condition beneath the slab,
exterior wall to improve response the insulation to compress slightly. downward losses can exceed heat
time (see Figure 6-3). The amount of compression loss of the room above.
depends on the weight of the
Counter Flow — Use this pattern When in doubt, insulate. The
concrete, the thickness of the
when the heat loss for the room is situation cannot be corrected
insulation and the compressibility
evenly distributed throughout the after the structure is complete.
of the insulation. Although
entire room or when the major heat Additionally, proper insulation
compression reduces the insulating
loss is the floor. Feed the supply means better and more efficient
effect of the foam, it presents
along the exterior of the room, operation for the life of the system.
little structural effect because it
spiraling inward. Once the tubing
remains relatively constant over
reaches the center of the room, Between-floor Insulation
the life of the structure.
the return spirals outward, Insulation is normally considered
parallel to the supply. Tubing A more important structural factor for areas in contact with the
runs start 6 inches from walls or is the long-term compressive creep exterior of the structure. With
nailing surfaces. Six-inch on-center that occurs within the insulation. radiant floors, often the need
tubing runs are often installed Creep should be accommodated arises for insulation between the
12 to 18 inches from the exterior in the ability of the slab to move heated floors to direct the flow of
wall to improve response time relative to the plane of its surface. heat upward. The accepted rate
(see Figure 6-4). Foam insulation manufacturers of insulation between floors is a
provide specific recommendations ratio of 5 to 1. For every value of
regarding the limits of live and resistance upward, install five times
Insulation dead loads, compressive creep that resistance beneath the heating
Insulation is crucial for proper and the proper application of system. For example, if the total
and efficient operation of radiant their products. Check with the resistance value above the heating
heating systems. Heat energy foam insulation manufacturer system (floor coverings, etc.) is
flows in the line of least resistance. for more information. R-2, then install at least R-10
Proper use of insulation directs beneath the heating system. In this
the flow of heat toward the Use under-slab insulation when
situation, 31⁄2-inch batt insulation
intended space. Good insulation high water tables and/or moist soil
(R-11) would be sufficient.
practices also improve response conditions are present. If a known
time of the system. moist soil condition exists, ensure
Vertical or Edge
an effective drainage system is
installed beneath the intended This area denotes the vertical
Under-slab Insulation
radiant floor slab. After proper edge of the slab or profile.
Under-slab insulation must be Edge insulation keeps the heat
rated for use in that application. compaction, install a vapor barrier
over the soil, and then install contained within the area for
Insulation below heated concrete which it is designed and
slabs must withstand the weight of the high-density insulation. The
minimizes lateral heat loss.

Construction, Expansion an expansion joint and/or to
and Control Joints accommodate minor shear
action, minimum cover should be
Construction, expansion and
determined by the wall thickness
control joints are required for
of the insulation. For example,
every slab application of any
if the insulation used is to
size. Coordination between the
accommodate 3⁄8 inch of vertical
engineer, concrete installer and
shear, select pipe insulation with a
the radiant floor contractor is
minimum wall thickness of 3⁄8 inch.
essential to avoid confusion and
delays on the project.
Control Joints
Figure 6-5: Tubing Dipped Below Construction Joint Control joints allow the concrete
Construction Joints
to fracture along a controlled
Construction joints separate
line. There is no concern for the
individual pours of a slab
tubing penetrating beneath a cut
completed at different times.
joint during the cracking phase
Because it is difficult to construct a
of the concrete. The concern for
large slab in one pour, a bulkhead
the tubing is during the phase in
is installed to contain sections
which the concrete is initially cut.
of the slab until the next phase
Depending on the depth of the
is poured. A phased approach
concrete, the control joint may
makes it easier to move concrete
penetrate from 1⁄2 inch to depths
equipment and reduces the
greater than 1 inch.
chances that the tubing will be
damaged during installation. Ensure that the tubing is secured
Figure 6-6: Tubing Wrapped with Pipe Insulation Near from the reach of the saw blade
To avoid the construction joint
Construction Joint and cannot be harmed. It is
during installation, dip the tubing
recommended to secure the
below the slab into the subsoil
tubing 6 inches on each side of
or sleeve the tubing with pipe
the control joint. It is important to
insulation or plastic tubing
mark where the joint can be made
6 inches on each side of the joint
after the pour (see Figure 6-8).
(see Figures 6-5 and 6-6).
Note: When designing a radiant
Expansion Joints
floor system, avoid passing
Expansion joints (also called the tubing through or below
isolation joints), absorb horizontal construction, expansion and
movement caused by the thermal control joints whenever possible.
expansion and contraction of the Coordinate the placement of
slab. Radiant floor heating systems these joints prior to designing
Figure 6-7: Tubing Dippped Below Expansion Joint
can reduce the range of expansion the tubing layout.
the slab experiences by maintaining
a fairly consistent temperature
across the slab area.
If the tubing must penetrate the
fibrous expansion joint, wrap it
with pipe insulation for 6 inches on
both sides of the expansion joint
(see Figure 6-6).
Another option is to dip the tubing
below the slab into the subsoil
(see Figure 6-7). When foam
insulation is used to sleeve the
Figure 6-8: Tubing Secured on Each Side of Control Joint PEX tubing running through

Slab On or Below Grade with Edge Insulation Only
How — Place wire mesh or rebar Where — This application is What to look for — Under-
over the compacted base material. used primarily in commercial and slab heat loss may be critical to
Using Uponor Fixing Wire, secure light commercial construction, the performance of this radiant
the tubing to the wire mesh where room setpoint temperatures slab design. Complete under-slab
or rebar. Space the wire ties a and space activities remain fairly insulation is required when:
minimum of every 3 feet along constant. This method has several • High water table or moist soil
straight runs. At the 180-degree advantages including lower material conditions are present
turns, tie the tubing at the top costs and greater thermal storage
• Bedrock or ledge is present
of the arc and once on each side, ability. Some of the drawbacks
12 inches from the top of the arc. include greater initial heat • The upper envelope heat load
This prevents the tubing from demand, longer ramp-up periods is greater than 25 BTU/h
dislodging and/ and slower response times to room • Floor covering R-value is greater
or floating up into the pour. setpoint changes. than 2.0
Connect the tubing to the • The linear feet of perimeter
manifold, and pressure test to is high in comparison to the
a minimum of 60 psi at least gross floor area, as in most
overnight to ensure system residential applications
integrity. Keep the tubing
under pressure until after the
concrete is poured.
Note: The wire mesh or rebar is used only as a grid system to secure the tubing. Mesh or rebar has no
reinforcing value when installed at the bottom of the concrete slab.

Slab On or Below Grade with Under-slab and Edge Insulation
How — Place suitable, high- Where — This method is primarily What to look for — Under-slab
density rigid foam insulation over used in residential slab on or heat loss may be critical to the
the compacted base material. below grade installations or where performance of this radiant slab
Using Uponor Foam Staples with downward losses are great. Some design. A minimum of 1 inch of
the Uponor Manual Stapler, secure of the advantages of this method insulation is used. When one or
the tubing to the high-density include quicker response time, more of the items listed below
insulation. Place the staples a lower initial heat load and lower are involved with the application,
minimum of every 3 feet along the operational costs through the a minimum of 2 inches of
straight runs. At the 180-degree life of the system. The primary insulation is required.
turns, staple the tubing at the top drawback is higher costs up front • High water table or moist soil
of the arc and once on each side, for the initial materials due to the conditions are present
12 inches from the top of the arc. high-density insulation.
This prevents the tubing from
dislodging and/or floating up • The upper envelope heat
into the pour. load is high
Connect the tubing to the • High R-value floor coverings

manifold, and pressure test to are used
a minimum of 60 psi at least • The linear feet of perimeter
overnight to ensure system is high in relationship to the
integrity. Keep the tubing gross floor area, as in most
under pressure until after the residential applications
concrete is poured.

Slab On or Below Grade Over a Compacted Soil/Sand Bed
How — Place the wire mesh or Where — This method is used What to look for — Under-
rebar over the compacted base primarily in commercial and slab heat loss may be critical to
material. Using Uponor Fixing industrial applications. The purpose the performance of this radiant
Wire, secure the tubing to the wire of the soil/sand bed is to protect slab design. Complete under-slab
mesh or rebar. Place the wire ties the tubing in case the structural insulation is recommended and
a minimum of every 3 feet along slab is drilled. The advantage of essential when:
straight runs. At the 180-degree this method is that the tubing is • High water table or moist soil
turns, tie the tubing at the top unlikely to be damaged due to conditions are present
of the arc and once on each side, drilling for anchoring equipment
12 inches from the top of the arc. or machinery. The disadvantages
This prevents the tubing from include greater material and labor • The upper envelope heat
dislodging and/or floating up costs. The slower response time load is high
into the pour. due to the greater mass will have • High R-value floor coverings
little effect within the commercial are used
Connect the tubing to the
or industrial workspace.
manifold, and pressure test to • The linear feet of perimeter
a minimum of 60 psi at least is high in relationship to the
overnight to ensure system gross floor area, as in most
integrity. Keep the tubing under residential applications
pressure until after the concrete
is poured.
Lay and level a 2-inch layer of
medium-grade, compacted soil/
sand fill over the tubing. Ensure
the fill over the tubing does not
contain sharp aggregate. Pour
concrete over the soil/sand bed.

Cap Pour Over Existing Slab with Under-slab Insulation
How — Secure high-density An alternate installation method What to look for — In this type
insulation (minimum thickness of uses the Uponor Manual Stapler of application, the minimum pour
1 inch) to the lower concrete slab designed for foam insulation thickness must be at least 11⁄2
by suitable construction adhesive applications and omits the non- inches. The depth of the pour over
and concrete screws fitted with structural wire mesh. Using 11⁄2" the top of the tubing must be
fender washers. Secure non- Plastic Foam Staples, secure the at least 3⁄4 inch. This will prevent
structural flat wire mesh to the tubing to the insulation. Staple cracking and promote good lateral
insulation. Using Uponor Fixing the tubing every 2 feet. At the and vertical heat transfer. Consult
Wire, secure the tubing to the 180-degree turns, secure two applicator for further details.
wire mesh. Place the wire ties a staples 6 inches below the top of
minimum of every 3 feet along the arc and two more staples on Note: The project engineer
straight runs. At the 180-degree each side of the arc. must determine the vertical
turns, tie the tubing at the top compressive strength of the
Where — This installation
of the arc and once on each side, high-density insulation. Consult
method is used in both commercial
6 inches from the top of the arc. the insulation manufacturer for
and residential applications.
This prevents the tubing from further information.
Commercially, this method is
dislodging and/or floating up into
used in retrofit situations over
the pour.
existing concrete slabs or in new
Connect the tubing to the construction when tubing is laid
manifold, and pressure test to over pre-stressed concrete panels.
a minimum of 60 psi at least Residentially, this method is
overnight to ensure system used in retrofit situations over an
integrity. Keep the tubing existing slab, such as finishing an
under pressure until after the existing basement.
concrete is poured.

Cap Pour Over Precast Plank
How — Secure high-density Where — Use this installation What to look for — Ensure the
insulation (minimum thickness of method primarily in commercial minimum pour thickness is at least
1 inch) to the precast concrete applications. This method may 11⁄2 inches and the depth of the
plank with suitable construction be used in retrofit situations or cap pour over the top of the tubing
adhesive and concrete screws new construction. is at least ¾ inch. The project
fitted with fender washers. Secure engineer must determine the
nonstructural flat wire mesh to the depth of the cap pour.
insulation. Using Uponor Fixing
Wire, secure the tubing to the Note: The project engineer
wire mesh. Place the wire ties a must determine the vertical
minimum of every 3 feet along compressive strength of the
straight runs. At the 180-degree high-density insulation. Consult
turns, tie the tubing at the top the insulation manufacturer
of the arc and once on each side, for further information. The
6 inches from the top of the arc. resistance value of the high-
This prevents the tubing from density insulation is determined
dislodging and/or floating up by the radiant floor design.
into the pour.
Connect the tubing to the
manifold, and pressure test to
a minimum of 60 psi at least
overnight to ensure system
concrete is poured.

Poured-in-place Slab Over Steel Decking
How — Place wire mesh or rebar the amount of insulation that is What to look for — Under-
over the steel deck. In some required for proper operation. slab heat loss may be crucial to
situations, secure the tubing to the performance of this radiant
Where — Use this method
rebar that is chaired above the slab design. Complete under-slab
primarily in commercial and
deck. Using Uponor Fixing Wire, insulation is recommended and
industrial applications. With
secure the tubing to the wire mesh essential when:
this method, the tubing is
or rebar. Place wire ties a minimum • The upper envelope heat
installed within the concrete
of every 3 feet along straight runs. load is high
pour, eliminating the need
At the 180-degree turns, tie the
for a second or cap pour. • High R-value floor coverings
tubing at the top of the arc and
are used
once on each side, 12 inches from
the top of the arc. This prevents • The linear feet of perimeter
the tubing from dislodging and/or is high in relationship to the
floating up into the pour. gross floor area
Connect the tubing to the • Ambient temperature below

manifold, and pressure test to the decking is unconditioned
concrete is poured.
Pour concrete over the tubing and
decking. The illustration above
shows spray-on insulation installed
beneath the decking. The radiant
floor heating design determines

Fast Trak 0.5
How — Make sure that the Where — Uponor Fast Trak is What to look for — A structural
subsurface is free from dust and the ideal overpour installation subsurface is required for this
debris before laying out the panels. method for remodel and retrofit system, and the added weight of
Attach Fast Trak Edge Strips to the applications. The preformed, the overpour must be considered
wall; be sure to cover all walls that knobbed panels make it easy to when determining if the finished
will be exposed to the overpour. install 5⁄16" Wirsbo hePEX tubing installation can be supported by
Remove the plastic foil to expose for radiant floor heating systems. the structure.
the adhesive backing before The Fast Trak 0.5 system requires a
Always check the local code for
placing the panels on the floor. structural subsurface of some kind.
overpours to verify the pour
Keep a 2-inch spacing to the wall thickness required.
when laying down the panels.
Install the tubing by walking or
stepping the tubing into the knobs
on the panel. Tubing spacing can
be as little as 2 inches, but the
turns must have a minimum radius
of 3 inches.
Connect the tubing to the manifold
and pressure test to a minimum of
60 psi at least overnight to ensure
system integrity. Keep the tubing
overpour is poured. The overpour
may be as thin as 1⁄4 inch above
the tubing and still promote lateral
heat transfer; however, local code
may require thicker pours due to
structural requirements and to
avoid cracking.

Fast Trak 1.3i
How — Make sure that the Install the tubing by walking or What To Look For — In this
subsurface is level (see installation stepping the tubing into the knobs type of application, the pour must
manual for details). If necessary, on the panel. Tubing spacing can be at least 11⁄2 inches. The depth
the subsurface can be leveled by be as little as 2 inches. Turns must of the pour over the top of the
using a self-leveling primer. have a minimum radius of 3 inches tubing must be at least 3⁄4 inch.
for 3⁄8" tubing and 31⁄2 inches for This will prevent cracking and
Ensure that the subsurface 1
⁄2" tubing. promote good lateral and vertical
is free from dust and debris.
heat transfer. Consult applicator
Attach Fast Trak Edge Strips to Connect the tubing to the manifold
for further details.
the wall; be sure to cover all and pressure test to a minimum of
walls that will be exposed to 60 psi at least overnight to ensure
the overpour. system integrity. Keep the tubing
Place the panels on the floor.
overpour is poured.
The panels have an interlocking
feature that ensures the overpour Where — Uponor Fast Trak is
will not seep under the panels. the ideal overpour installation
After panels are laid out, apply the method for remodel and retrofit
polyethylene self-adhesive strip applications. The preformed,
of the Edge Strip to the Fast Trak knobbed panels make it easy
panels to ensure the overpour to install 3⁄8" or 1⁄2" Wirsbo
cannot seep under the edges of hePEX tubing for radiant floor
the panel surface. heating systems.

Poured Underlayment on a Suspended Wood Subfloor
How — Staple Uponor PEX Where — This common residential What to look for — Take special
directly to the subfloor using the and light commercial installation care when installing hardwood
Uponor Pneumatic Stapler. Staple method is used when the tubing flooring over radiant slabs. Please
the tubing every 2 to 3 feet on is installed in a poured-floor consult Chapter 16 for detailed
the straight runs to prevent it underlayment. Pours are typically wood floor information.
from floating during the pour. At 11⁄2 inches thick and are used as an
The minimum depth for a concrete
the 180-degree turns, secure one underlayment for a hardwood,
pour in this application should
staple at the top of the arc and tile or carpeted finished floor.
be at least 3⁄4 inch over the
one staple on each side, 12 inches
top of the tubing. Consult the
below the top of the arc.
underlayment applicator for
Connect the tubing to the recommended pour depths.
manifold, and pressure test to
If a lightweight, non-gypsum based
concrete is used instead of the
underlayment, take care to install
proper expansion joints around
the perimeter of the room and
underlayment is poured.
on all framed walls. Additionally,
Install suitable batt insulation use suitable wire or plastic mesh
tightly against the subfloor in the lightweight concrete to
between the floor joists. add structural strength to the
pour. Consult the lightweight
concrete installer for installation
recommendations.

Poured Underlayment with Sleepers Over a Suspended Wood Subfloor
How — Staple Uponor PEX tubing The poured underlayment floats What to look for — Take special
directly to the subfloor using the to the top of the sleepers resulting care when installing hardwood
Uponor Pneumatic Stapler. Staple in a smooth, finished pour. Install flooring over radiant floors. Please
the tubing every 2 to 3 feet on suitable batt insulation tightly consult Chapter 16 for detailed
the straight runs to prevent it against the subfloor between the wood floor information.
from floating during the pour. At floor joists.
The minimum depth for a concrete
the 180-degree turns, secure one
Where — This common residential pour in this application should
staple at the top of the arc and
and light commercial installation be at least ¾ inch over the
one staple on each side, 12 inches
method is used when the tubing top of the tubing. Consult the
below the top of the arc.
is installed in a poured-floor underlayment applicator for
Install 2x2 (actual dimensions underlayment. Pours are typically recommended pour depths.
are 11⁄2" by 11⁄2") wood sleepers 1½ inches thick and are used as
If a lightweight, non-gypsum based
between the runs of tubing, an underlayment for a hardwood,
concrete is used instead of the
9 to 12 inches on center. These tile or carpeted finished floor.
underlayment, take care to install
sleepers serve as a nailing surface
proper expansion joints around
for hardwood floors or carpet tack
the perimeter of the room and
strips. Install additional sleepers
on all framed walls. Additionally,
around the perimeter of the room.
use suitable wire or plastic mesh
Connect the tubing to the in the lightweight concrete to
manifold, and pressure test to add structural strength to the
a minimum of 60 psi at least pour. Consult the lightweight
overnight to ensure system concrete installer for installation
integrity. Keep the tubing recommendations.
underlayment is poured.
Note: Floor surface temperatures for hardwood floors should not exceed 80°F at design.

Quik Trak Over a Wood Subfloor with Hardwood Floor Covering
How — Lay Quik Trak panels over Where — This application is What to look for — Take special
a plywood subfloor perpendicular used in residential construction care when installing hardwood
to the finished wood floor. Make as an alternative to joist heating flooring over radiant floors. Please
sure to stagger the seams of the and poured-floor underlayment consult Chapter 16 for detailed
Quik Trak. installations. Quik Trak is also wood floor information.
beneficial when the finished floor
After laying the panels, vacuum Always install hardwood floors
material is hardwood. Installers
the debris from the panel grooves. in accordance with the flooring
can actually see the tubing when
Next, apply a thin (1⁄8-inch) bead manufacturer’s instructions.
installing the hardwood floor. This
of Uponor Quik Trak Sealant Ensure nails for the finished
method offers several advantages,
throughout the entire length wood floor are a minimum of
including minimal increase in floor
of the groove. The sealant is 11⁄2 inches away from the tubing.
height, no moisture from concrete
100% silicone. It acts as an
and increased BTU/h/ft2 output
adhesive agent and promotes Note: Do not exceed
potential over joist heating.
good heat transfer from the 80ºF for hardwood floor
tubing to the panel. surface temperatures.
Install the tubing by walking or Proper insulation is critical to
stepping the tubing into the panel the performance of Quik Trak. A
grooves. If you’re not wearing minimum of R-19 is recommended
hard-sole shoes, you may need in between the floor joists beneath
to use a rubber hammer to snap the floor.
the tubing into the groove.
In all Quik Trak applications,
Secure panels to the subfloor the maximum loop length for
with 11⁄4" Quik Trak Screws or 1" 5
⁄16" Wirsbo hePEX tubing is
staples. To start, secure the middle 250 feet, including leader lengths.
of the panel with a screw or staple. Flow rates for all Quik Trak
Work from the middle to the ends, installations are calculated to a
alternating from side to side. 20°F temperature differential.

Quik Trak Over a Wood Subfloor with Tile/Linoleum Floor Covering
How — Lay Quik Trak panels Where — This application is What to look for — Proper
over a plywood subfloor used in residential construction insulation is critical to the
perpendicular to the floor joists. as an alternative to joist heating performance of Quik Trak. A
Make sure to stagger the seams and poured-floor underlayment minimum of R-19 is recommended
of the Quik Trak. installations. Quik Trak is also in between the floor joists beneath
beneficial when the finished floor the floor.
After laying the panels, vacuum
the debris from the panel grooves.
can actually see the tubing when Note: Do not exceed 87.5ºF for
Next, apply a thin (1⁄8-inch) bead
installing the hardwood floor. This tile and linoleum floor surface
of Uponor Quik Trak Sealant
method offers several advantages, temperatures.
throughout the entire length of
the groove. The sealant is 100% In all Quik Trak applications, the
silicone. It acts as an adhesive maximum loop length for 5⁄16"
agent and promotes good heat Wirsbo hePEX tubing is 250 feet,
transfer from the tubing to including leader lengths. Flow
the panel. rates for all Quik Trak installations
Install the tubing by walking or are calculated to a 20°F
stepping the tubing into the panel temperature differential.
grooves. If you’re not wearing
hard-sole shoes, you may need
to use a rubber hammer to snap
the tubing into the groove.
Secure panels to the subfloor
with 11⁄4" Quik Trak Screws or 1"
staples. To start, secure the middle
of the panel with a screw or staple.
Work from the middle to the ends,
alternating from side to side.

Quik Trak Over a Wood Subfloor with Carpet Floor Covering
How — Lay Quik Trak panels over Where — This application is What to look for — Proper
a plywood subfloor perpendicular used in residential construction insulation is critical to the
to the floor joists. Make sure to as an alternative to joist heating performance of Quik Trak. A
stagger the seams of the Quik Trak. and poured-floor underlayment minimum of R-19 is recommended
installations. Quik Trak is also in between the floor joists beneath
After laying the panels, vacuum
beneficial when the finished floor the floor.
the debris from the panel grooves.
Next, apply a thin (1⁄8-inch) bead
can actually see the tubing when Note: Do not exceed 87.5ºF
of Uponor Quik Trak Sealant
installing the hardwood floor. This for carpeted floor surface
throughout the entire length
method offers several advantages, temperatures.
of the groove. The sealant is
100% silicone. It acts as an In all Quik Trak applications, the
adhesive agent and promotes maximum loop length for 5⁄16"
good heat transfer from the Wirsbo hePEX tubing is 250 feet,
tubing to the panel. including leader lengths. Flow
Install the tubing by walking or rates for all Quik Trak installations
stepping the tubing into the panel are calculated to a 20°F
grooves. If you’re not wearing temperature differential.
hard-sole shoes, you may need to
use a rubber hammer to snap the
tubing into the groove.
Secure panels to the subfloor
with 11⁄4" Quik Trak Screws or 1"
staples. To start, secure the middle
of the panel with a screw or staple.
Work from the middle to the ends,
alternating from side to side.

Quik Trak Over an Existing Concrete Slab
How — First, install a layer of hard-sole shoes, you may need to What to look for — A high water
5
⁄8-inch or 3⁄4-inch plywood subfloor use a rubber hammer to snap the table will adversely affect the
over the concrete slab. Glue or tubing into the groove. performance of this application.
power-nail the plywood directly to If there is moisture present that
Secure the panels to the subfloor
the concrete if a vapor barrier is cannot be eliminated from the
with 1" screws or 1" staples. To
not required. If a vapor barrier is area, do not use this application.
start, secure the middle of the
required, then you must power-nail
panel with a screw or staple. Work
the plywood to the concrete slab. Note: In a basement or
from the middle to the ends,
walkout application, it is very
Lay Quik Trak panels over a alternating from side to side.
important to install perimeter
plywood subfloor perpendicular
Where — This application is and edge insulation for proper
to the floor joists. Make sure
used in residential construction design performance.
to stagger the seams of the
over existing concrete slabs. The
Quik Trak. In all Quik Trak applications, the
plywood base together with the
maximum loop length for 5⁄16"
After laying the panels, vacuum Quik Trak panel only adds 11⁄8 to
Wirsbo hePEX tubing is 250 feet,
the debris from the panel grooves. 11⁄4 inches in floor height. It is the
including leader lengths. Flow
Next, apply a thin (1⁄8-inch) bead ideal solution when retrofitting or
rates for all Quik Trak installations
of Uponor Quik Trak Sealant remodeling a basement.
are calculated to a 20°F
throughout the entire length of
temperature differential.
the groove. The sealant is 100%
silicone. It acts as an adhesive
agent and promotes good heat
transfer from the tubing to
the panel.
Install the tubing by walking or
stepping the tubing into the panel
grooves. If you’re not wearing

Quik Trak Radiant Wall Installation
How — Starting at the floor level Where — Radiant wall installations What to look for — Do not install
on the outside wall, install Quik are a low-cost alternative to radiant tubing in an area where pictures may
Trak panels parallel to the floor at a floor heating and are often installed be hung.
maximum of six rows high (42 inches) when radiant floor is not viable.
Ensure the supply loop feeds from the
to avoid interference with window This method is routinely used in
top of the panel and works its way to
and picture placement. Screw panels retrofit applications. In addition,
the bottom. This will help eliminate
to the studs on both sides of the radiant wall installations are most
the possibility of air lock in the loop.
groove with 1-inch drywall screws. often used in supplemental heat
After the panels are installed, attach situations when the radiant floor Install a minimum of R-19 insulation
1
⁄2-inch furring strips to the remainder cannot satisfy the heat loss of a in the exterior wall behind the
of the stud wall, to provide an even room under design conditions. Quik Trak panels.
base for the sheetrock.
In all Quik Trak applications, the
To install the tubing, drill two 5⁄8-inch maximum loop length for 5⁄16" Wirsbo
holes in the footer plate opposite hePEX tubing is 250 feet, including
the Quik Trak Return Panel. Feed leader lengths. Flow rates for all Quik
the supply through the 5⁄8-inch hole Trak installations are calculated to a
and attach to the supply manifold. 20°F temperature differential.
Vacuum the grooves. Apply a thin
(1⁄8-inch) bead of Quik Trak Sealant
in to the grooves. Firmly press tubing
into the groove. Feed return to the
second 5⁄8-inch hole and attach to
the return manifold. Lastly, attach
protector plates (strike plates) where
the tubing crosses the studs to
protect the tubing from puncture.

Joist Heating Using PEX Clips
How — Drill two holes (11⁄4-inches from the loop hanging from the What to look for — A minimum
minimum) side by side at the end next joist bay. Snap the tubing R-11 fiberglass insulation is
of each joist cavity. Thread Uponor into the PEX Clips, which suspends required even if the tubing is
PEX tubing in between the floor the tubing about an inch below installed over a heated space. A
joists from below, looping from the subfloor. Continue the process minimum R-19 is recommended
one joist cavity to the next as until all loops are neatly installed in when the tubing is installed in
necessary. After installing tubing the joist bays. a crawlspace. Standard unfaced
in the last joist bay, run the PEX insulation is adequate; foil-faced
Install suitable insulation in the
straight back through the joist insulation is not necessary.
bay, an inch below the tubing,
holes behind the first set of holes.
leaving about a 2-inch to 3-inch air Install tubing to align with the zone
Return this end of the PEX to the
gap under the subfloor. Connect areas. Install insulation vertically to
manifold and connect.
the tubing to the manifold, and block the joist cavity beneath the
Next, fasten Uponor PEX Clips to pressure test to a minimum of zone wall.
the bottom of the subfloor in each 60 psi at least overnight to ensure
joist bay. The clips are 8 inches system integrity. Note: Check with local building
on center in 16-inch joist bays, codes before drilling through
Where — This method is
6 inches on center in 12-inch joist floor joists.
commonly used in both new
bays and 3 feet apart. Attach the
and retrofit work where poured Use either 3⁄8" or 1⁄2" PEX tubing in
PEX Clips with screws no larger
underlayment applications are joist heating applications. It is not
than 3⁄4 inch.
impractical. This installation is recommended to exceed maximum
Install the loop farthest from the also used for floor conditioning individual loop lengths.
manifold by pulling the loop the — the warming of floors without
length of that bay. Borrow slack providing heat into the space.
Note: This installation method is not recommended for open-web truss construction. Joist heating
applications using only the PEX tubing suspended in the plenum must have sufficient insulation R-value,
and the insulation must be installed to limit air movement from the plenum. Joist heating applications with
open-web truss construction should use the Joist Trak Panels as shown on page 55 of this manual.

Joist Heating Using Joist Trak Panel
How — Install the Joist Trak grooves of the Joist Trak panels. What to look for — Allow the
panels beneath the wood subfloor Continue this process until all bends of the tubing at either end
with ¾-inch drywall screws. In a loops are neatly installed in the of the joist bay to straighten prior
16-inch, on-center joist bay, install joist bays. to installing in the panel. This
the panels equal distance between ensures the tubing enters the
Install suitable installation in
the joists. Leave about a foot at panels in a straight line so that it
the joist bay, snug against the
the end of the joist bay without does not cause noise by rubbing
panels. Connect the tubing
panels to allow tubing turns. Leave against the sides of the groove
to the manifold, and pressure
about an inch between panel ends. during operation.
test to a minimum of 60 psi
Drill two holes (11⁄4-inches at least overnight to ensure A minimum R-11 fiberglass
minimum) side by side at the end system integrity. insulation is required even if
of each joist cavity. Thread PEX the tubing is installed over a
Where — This method is
tubing in between the floor joists heated space. A minimum R-19 is
commonly used in both new
from below, looping from one joist recommended when the tubing is
and retrofit work where poured
cavity to the next as necessary. installed in a crawlspace. Standard
underlayment applications are
After tubing is installed in the unfaced insulation is adequate; foil-
impractical. Installing Joist Trak
last joist bay, run the PEX straight faced insulation is not necessary.
panels provides the same amount
back through the joist holes
of heat load support using lower Install tubing to align with the zone
behind the first set of holes.
supply water temperatures than areas. Install insulation vertically to
Return this end of the PEX to
joist heating without panels. block the joist cavity beneath the
the manifold and connect.
zone wall.
Install the loop farthest from
Use either 3⁄8" or 1⁄2" PEX tubing in
the manifold by pulling the loop
joist heating applications. It is not
the length of that bay. Borrow
recommended to exceed maximum
slack from the loop hanging from
individual loop lengths.
the next joist bay. Next, snap
the Uponor PEX tubing into the
Note: Check with local building codes before drilling through floor joists.

Radiant Ceiling Using Joist Trak Panel
How — Starting at the outside Where — Radiant ceiling is a The amount of radiant panel area
wall (area of highest heat loss), low-cost alternative to radiant installed should equal the heat load
secure a row of 1x6 furring strips floor, and it is often installed of the room. Concentrate this panel
to the bottom of the ceiling joists, when radiant floor is not practical area on the outside wall where the
perpendicular to the joists. Next, or viable (e.g., common retrofit heat loss is the greatest.
using an aluminum plate as a applications). Radiant ceiling is
Be sure there is adequate
guide, install more rows of furring often used in bedrooms where
insulation installed above the
strips parallel to the first row. its relative low cost and quick
tubing and plates. Insulation
Staple the plates to the furring response time are valued. In
required by code is generally
strips on one side only, allowing addition, radiant ceiling is a
adequate, but additional insulation
the plates to expand during common method of providing
is required in ceilings that aren’t
operation. Leave about an inch auxiliary or extra heat in rare
usually insulated.
gap between each plate in a row. situations when a radiant floor
Be sure to leave space where the cannot satisfy the heat loss of a Avoid puncturing the tubing while
wall and ceiling meet to allow for room under design conditions. installing the sheetrock. Mark safe
180-degree turns in the piping. areas for nailing or screwing on the
What to look for — While
Next, following the layout pattern, walls and adjacent sheetrock panels
radiant ceiling can be a powerful
snap the tubing into the Joist Trak prior to installing the sheetrock.
and versatile option, it is not as
groove to complete the room.
comfortable as a radiant floor. Do not use the system to
Connect the tubing to a manifold, accelerate the drying time of joint
Do not exceed 120ºF water
and pressure test to a minimum compound or sprayed ceilings.
temperatures with radiant ceiling.
of 60 psi at least overnight.
Otherwise, flash from the ceiling,
streaking and hot-head/cold-feet
syndrome may develop. Because of
its powerful output, it is not always
necessary to install radiant ceiling
over the entire ceiling area.

Double-plate expansion loop Single-plate expansion loop
Avoid Expansion/Contraction Noise in Joist Trak Installations

When using aluminum plates in the far side of the hole drilled in 5. Install expansion loops for
radiant floor heating systems, a the joist. If the tubing continues longer runs.
ticking sound can occur during to expand after it has hit the far
operation. The sound is a result end of the hole, the stress of the
of the thermal expansion of PEX expansion will transmit to the
tubing and the stresses placed joist and back to the plate,
on the aluminum plates from resulting in noise.
thermal expansion.
There are several easy ways
Uponor PEX tubing products to reduce or eliminate noise.
expand at a rate of 1.1 inch per
1. Drill the holes through the
100 feet of tubing per 10°F
joists large enough so the tubing
temperature rise. Aluminum
does not hit the back side
plate radiant floor systems often
of the hole when it expands.
operate around 160°F; the total
Check local building codes
temperature rise from the time
for information about drilling
of installation is around 100°F.
through floor joists.
Expansion will occur because of
the significant temperature 2. Use open-truss span joists to
rise. If the expansion is not avoid drilling holes in the joists.
accommodated, some noise in 3. Install shorter runs so more
the system is possible. loops are available to
accommodate expansion.
PEX contains a very low friction
coefficient, so the tubing does 4. The higher the water
not make noise when it moves in temperature, the more the
the aluminum plates. The noise is tubing expands. A weather-
caused when the tubing expands responsive reset control will
and the 90-degree turns at the end ensure the lowest required
of the runs move until they meet water temperature is used to
provide adequate heat.

Chapter 7
Heat Loss Considerations and Calculations
The most critical step in a properly • An increase in the ratio of slab
designed radiant system is an perimeter area to total slab area Forced Air Radiant Heat
accurate room-by-room heat- • Suspended floors
loss analysis. All decisions and
calculations are based, to some Slab Thickness
extent, on the building heat-loss
Thicker slabs mean longer
requirements.
response times. Adding insulation
This section explains how to prevents the downward transfer
calculate heat loss manually as well of energy, allowing for a greater
as electronically using the Uponor amount of heat to transfer into
Advanced Design Suite™ (ADS) the conditioned space.
design program. ADS analyzes
how a building will perform under Floor Covering
design conditions (worst-case Heat follows the line of least
scenario) by determining the heat resistance. High R-value floor
loss and heat gain. coverings force heat to travel If a high water table exists,
downward or laterally. Insulation check the box marked Water
will help prevent heat from Table Present in the ADS design
Downward Loss traveling downward and force program. The program will change
Downward loss is the amount of it into the conditioned space. the water temperature below
heat energy in BTU/h transferred to 40°F. This value cannot be
downward from the radiant Differential Temperature changed with the presence of a
floor at any given load. Whether Uponor’s design software will water table.
calculating heat loss manually automatically calculate the
or with ADS, downward loss is a correct ground temperature and
critical factor. Downward loss is differential based on the setting or
significant with a radiant floor checkbox for a water table being
heating system and must be present within 6 feet of the slab.
properly analyzed. Always insulate the slab when
The importance of insulating lower-temperature conditions are
below the floor to counteract the present beneath the heating slab.
downward loss depends on the
project. The importance increases High Water Table
specifically when the following are A water table lowers the ground
present in a design: temperature. The lower ground
temperature increases downward
• An increase in the thickness
loss, and higher supply water
of the slab
temperature is needed to
• An increase in floor covering overcome that loss. Properly
R-value designing and installing insulation
• An increase in the differential beneath the slab in this condition
temperature between the slab will greatly minimize the
and the soil below downward loss.
• The presence of a water table
below the slab
Complete Design Assistance Manual — Chapter 7 – Heat Loss Considerations and Calculations 59
Slab Areas allow excessive BTU/h movement Uponor recommends total
Three distinct areas of slab exist, away from the concrete slab due under-slab insulation for
each with a different potential to the temperature differential residential applications.
for downward loss. between the slab perimeter and the
ground, thus affecting the system Suspended Floors
• The under-slab area is the
performance and the heat loss. Downward loss also exists for
interior portion of the slab
including all but the first 4 feet suspended floors. A suspended
Slab Insulation — The three
around the exposed perimeter. floor is defined as any floor that
slab-area insulation values are
does not rest directly on the
• The perimeter area is the first defined as follows.
earth’s surface. Suspended floors
4 feet around the exposed • The under-slab R-value is the may be constructed of any material
perimeter of the slab. amount of insulation under and may be constructed over
• The edge area is the exposed the interior area of the slab, heated or unheated spaces.
surface of a radiant slab, equal excluding the perimeter area.
Downward loss exists in areas
to the thickness of the slab • The perimeter R-value is the
with a heated space below. If the
multiplied by the exposed amount of insulation placed
heated area below uses the same
perimeter length. either horizontally or vertically
heat plant as the area above, the
for the first 4 feet along the
Downward loss increases as the loss does not increase the total
perimeter of the slab.
ratio of perimeter area to the total load/heat plant load because
area increases. This means the • The edge R-value is the amount the heat is not lost out of the
perimeter is especially crucial to of insulation directly covering structure. If downward loss to
downward loss in residential the thickness of the slab the heated space below
and similarly sized applications. around the exposed perimeter exceeds either the upward
A perimeter without insulation will (less than 4 feet below grade). load or 10 BTU/h/ft2, insulate
the suspended floor. Without
Perimeter Area insulation, the room temperature
below is impossible to control.
Excessive downward loss is likely
4' to occur with the use of high
R-value floor coverings. The
Under-slab Area suspended floor must be
insulated if the space below is
not heated (e.g., crawl spaces).
4' Unheated spaces below have the
greatest potential for downward
losses. These areas should always
Perimeter Area be insulated.
Summary
Calculating an accurate heat loss
Room
is the most critical step in radiant
Outside grade
system design. Regardless of the
Concrete slab heating system, it is good practice
First 4 feet to insulate the area below the floor
to minimize the downward loss.
Ground below slab
This is especially true with concrete
First 4 feet
slab installations. Once the

Edge area concrete is poured, it’s too late to
Perimeter area add insulation. Also, an insulated
Under-slab area slab will perform better if a finished
Ground outside floor with a higher R-value is
added in the future.
Figure 7-1: Slab Areas
60 Chapter 7 – Heat Loss Considerations and Calculations — www.uponorpro.com

Manual Heat Loss • Calculation Area: This value key components such windows,
Calculations represents the area to be exterior walls, interior walls, floors
analyzed. This example uses and ceilings. This heat loss example
Understanding the Variables the room shown in Figure 7-2. considers the exterior walls, ceiling
• Design Temperature and windows:
• Test Room Construction: It
Difference (DTD): This value • Five exterior windows:
is important to understand the
is the difference between the 3' x 5' each; R-value = 0.91
different types of construction
outdoor design temperature and
methods used in the analysis as • Exterior walls; R-19 insulation
the indoor design temperature.
well as the thermal properties of • 8' ceiling; R-30 insulation
For this example, the indoor
design temperature is 65°F,
and the outdoor design
temperature is 40°F — yielding
a DTD of 25°F.
• Infiltration: Infiltration is the
exchange of warm air inside
a building with the cold air
outside. Infiltration is generally
very low with radiant systems.
The infiltration value used
in calculating heat loss will
vary based on local codes and
conditions. For Minnesota, 0.33
air change per hour (ACH) is
adequate; 0.33 ACH is equal to
an infiltration factor of 0.006.
Figure 7-2: Test Room
Doing the Math

Heat Loss Formula
Infiltration Loss = Room Volume x DTD x Infiltration Factor
360 BTU/h = 20 x 15 x 8 x 25 x 0.0006
Ceiling Loss = Ceiling Area x DTD x Ceiling U-value

247.5 BTU/h = 20 x 15 x 25 x 0.033
• Ceiling U-value = 1/R-value
• Ceiling U-value = 1/30 = 0.033
Exposed Wall Loss = (Exposed Wall Area - Window Area) x DTD x Wall U-value
256.25 BTU/h = (280 - 75) x 25 x 0.05
• Exposed Wall U-value = 1/R-value
• Exposed Wall U-value = 1/19 = 0.05
Window Loss = Window Area x DTD x Window U-value

2,062.5 BTU/h = 75 x 25 x 1.1
• Window U-value = 1/R-value
• Window U-value = 1/0.91 = 1.1
Total Heat Loss = Infiltration Loss + Ceiling Loss + Exposed Wall Loss + Window Loss
2,926.25 BTU/h = 360 + 247.5 + 256.25 + 2,062.5
Heat Loss per Square Foot = Total Heat Loss/Total Floor Area
9.75 BTU/h/ft2 = 2,962.25/300
Table 7-1: Heat Loss Formulas
Computer Program ADS Functions Easy Navigation — Setup to
Design Calculations The Uponor design software look and feel like a web page,
package performs several functions. the 32-bit platform allows
Along with heat-loss calculations,
quick and easy movement
ADS guides the system designer • Calculates accurate
within the program.
through the radiant panel design, room-by-room heat loss
system requirements and material • Calculates system Piping and Wiring Diagrams
list generation. This powerful performance requirements and Specification Viewer —
design tool also provides the The program includes ManuSPEC®
contractor with a host of business • Calculates total flow and pressure
and Spec Data System
tools for a variety of job- loss for accurate circulator sizing
Specifications as well as wiring
management functions. • Provides mechanical and piping schematics.
specifications
The calculation portion of ADS Visual Interface — The visual
prompts the user to input the • Generates an Uponor material list interface immediately shows
type of tubing product to be • Provides current list pricing when design thresholds and limits
used, the design differential • Creates a customer database are met.
temperature and the specifics of
• Provides a job Drag-and-drop Flexibility —
floor construction. ADS analyzes
follow-up reminder Add or delete zones,
the information and calculates a
• Creates management reports move manifolds between
supply water temperature and the
for jobs won, lost and pending water temperatures and
tubing on-center distance for each
move loops easily with the
room. The program allows the • Generates job quotations for
drag-and-drop feature.
user to make adjustments to the presentation to customers
design (e.g., on-center distance, Advanced Settings — Settings
unheated area, etc.) for each room. Features and Benefits are available to allow either the
The user assigns each room or area Quick Start — The radiant floor program to determine the correct
to a manifold. The program then heating module offers a menu of number of water temperatures
calculates loop lengths, flow and house styles and room templates to for the system or the user to
feet of head. begin the design. set the maximum number to be
designed around. These settings
Updates — Periodically, Uponor also allow the user to set a
enhances the ADS software. Users maximum water temperature
can easily download the updates based on the heat source.
by clicking the Help menu.

Control Auto Selection — Loop Mapping Wizard — Manifold Configuration —
Easily customize projects with the The Loop Mapping Wizard Manifolds automatically configure
Climate Cŏntrol™ Multifunction automatically maps the loops with 10 loops. Users can add loops
Controller and the Climate Cŏntrol to a specific coil to minimize up to the maximum flow limit of
Zoning System. the amount of waste or scrap the manifolds.
in the project.
Snow and Ice Melting Module Exporting — Material lists can
— This module allows users to Loop Adjustment — ADS allows export to Microsoft® Excel® files.
easily design a snow and ice for simple adjustment of the final Project files are stored in a file or
melting system, either as a loop length. folder locations (versus a database)
standalone system or as part to make the project data more
Building Templates — The
of a radiant heating design. portable.
Heating Design Wizard allows users
This module also provides
to create new building templates or Fastener Preferences —
expanded design parameters.
edit existing templates. Users can Users can edit the number of
Supply and Return Piping add, rename or delete rooms. fasteners ADS automatically
— Users can select the type calculates to better reflect the
Radiant Ceiling — The user can
of material connected to the habits of the installer.
toggle between economical and
manifolds and specify the
normal designs in either a ceiling or Tool and Part Preferences —
distance and the connector
supplemental heating application. Users can specify the tools and
type in the design steps. ADS
Selecting the economical mode parts they want to include with
will automatically calculate the
calculates the minimum amount of every job.
materials and report the resulting
coverage required.
pressure drops for pump sizing. Quantity Values — When
Radiant Wall — The user can parts are manually added to a
Cooling Module — This module
use the wall area for a heated material list, a pop-up box is
allows the user to calculate
surface to meet the space heat displayed to prompt the user to
the cooling load. No additional
loss. Selecting the wall option enter the quantity.
programs are needed.
will calculate the minimum amount
Help Manual — A comprehensive
ASHRAE Data — A drop-down of coverage required.
help manual is available, complete
list provides complete climatic
Supplemental Heat — The with help sections, index and
design data for areas in the U.S.
supplemental heat components graphics, which can be downloaded
and Canada. Additionally, users can
of the heat loss are shown in from uponorpro.com.
add climatic information for areas
the heat-loss tree, making them
not listed in the ASHRAE data.
easier to track.
Pressure Loss Calculator —
Global Changes — Users can
This feature eliminates the need
apply changes in construction,
to look up pressure losses in tables
insulation values, floor coverings,
or charts. Simply select the tubing
etc., on a floor-plan basis, rather
size, flow rate, distance, etc.,
than room by room.
and the program generates the
resulting loss. PEX, Uponor CV Values — The associated
Multi-layer Composite (MLC) pressure drops with three-way
tubing (formerly MultiCor®) and floating action and tempering
copper are available as selections valves are automatically calculated
in the supply-and-return portion and reported.
of the design to calculate pressure
loss accurately. Manifold Mapping — Any or
all changes that are made to the
Parts Catalog — The program manifold mapping are saved. ADS
includes heating and plumbing does not re-map the manifolds and
components with expanded detail. the associated loops (as in earlier
software versions) when other data
is changed in the program.
Chapter 8
Radiant Floor Design Worksheet
Radiant Floor System Design Project Name: Training House Main Level
Loop 1
A Room name Bedroom 1
Although Uponor radiant floor Radiant Floor
heating systems are quickly B Room setpoint temp. (°F) 65°F
Design Tutorial
and accurately designed using C Zone number 1
To demonstrate radiant floor
the Advanced Design SuiteTM D Upward load (BTU/h/ft ) 2
18.2
design, this tutorial moves step by
(ADS) software, it’s essential E Total load (BTU/h/ft2) 21.9
step through the design of a single
to understand how to design a
room (Bedroom 1) in the Uponor F Floor surface temp. (°F)
system manually to help make
Training House. The complete G Installation method
decisions and alterations to
Training House radiant floor heat
optimize system performance. H Tubing size
loss and design information is
To design a radiant floor system, I Floor covering R-value
provided on pages 76 to 87.
one must determine the: J Differential temp. (°F)
• BTU/h/ft2 heat loss for Figure 8-1 shows a partial floor
K Tubing o.c. distance (in)
each room plan for the Uponor Training
L Supply water temp. (°F)
House including Bedroom 1.
• Floor surface temperature M Active loop length
• Project installation method Step 1: Heat-loss Analysis N Leader loop length
• Tubing type and size The ADS worksheet provides a O Total loop length
• Finished floor material R-value format to organize the building’s P Loop flow in gpm
raw heat-loss information. A copy
• Tubing on-center distance Q Loop head pressure (ft)
of this worksheet is available in
• Supply water temperature Appendix A. Copy as necessary. R Loop balancing turns
• Loop length, including Fill out the worksheet for the Manifold Totals
leader distance project, and then enter the
S Supply water temp. (°F)
information into the computer
• Fluid flow in gpm T Manifold flow in gpm
heat-loss program. Entering the
• Pressure loss or head data into the computer will go U Highest pressure head (ft)
Training House (Partial)
Bedroom 1 Bath 1 Laundry

12' x 10' 7'6" x 10' 7'6" x 10'
8' x 2'
Manifold
8' x 2'
Figure 8-1: Uponor Training House (Partial)
Complete Design Assistance Manual — Chapter 8 – Radiant Floor System Design 65

Project Name: Training House Main Level
much faster if you complete the Step 2: Floor Surface
Loop 1 worksheet first. Take special note Temperature
A Room name Bedroom 1 of the input for floor covering The floor surface temperature
B Room setpoint temp. (°F) 65°F R-values and the different floor is the temperature at the top of
insulation types and values. the floor needed to transfer the
C Zone number 1
calculated BTU/h into the room
D Upward load (BTU/h/ft ) 2
18.2 Figure 8-2 shows heat-loss
at the maximum designed heat
E Total load (BTU/h/ft ) 2
21.9 data from the ADS program for
load. This surface temperature
Bedroom 1.
F Floor surface temp. (°F) 74.1°F is based solely on the floor area.
G Installation method Floor covering, construction or
Note: When determining system
H Tubing size tubing on-center distances do
performance data, note which
not influence the required surface
I Floor covering R-value load to use: upward, downward
temperature. If conditions are
J Differential temp. (°F) or total. All load-related entries
milder than design, the floor
require the upward load value.
K Tubing o.c. distance (in) surface temperature will be lower.
The total load value is only
L Supply water temp. (°F) Surface temperature is based on
used when calculating flow
M Active loop length a simple relationship between the
information.
room setpoint temperature and the
N Leader loop length
Use the radiant floor worksheet required upward BTU/h/ft2 load.
O Total loop length
(Appendix B) when manually Do not include downward
P Loop flow in gpm designing a system. Note that this BTU/h/ft2 loss when calculating
Q Loop head pressure (ft) appendix also contains worksheets floor surface temperature. Areas with
R Loop balancing turns for radiant ceiling and Quik Trak® differing BTU/h/ft2 requirements
designs. Make a copy of the or setpoint requirements have
Manifold Totals worksheet prior to beginning different surface temperatures.
S Supply water temp. (°F) this tutorial.
The coefficient of radiant floor
T Manifold flow in gpm
From the selected heat-loss thermal transfer is 2.0 BTU/h/
U Highest pressure head (ft) information given for Bedroom 1, ft2/°F. This transfer coefficient
enter the following information changes as the position of the
Bedroom 1 (Floor Plan 1) into the appropriate cell on radiant panel changes in the
the worksheet: room. Radiant wall has a transfer
Total Area 136 ft2 coefficient of 1.8, and radiant
• Room name
Average Height 8 ft ceiling has a transfer coefficient of
• Room setpoint temperature 1.6. Simply put, the floor surface
Volume 1,088 ft2
• Upward BTU/h/ft2 load temperature is equal to the room
Air Changes 0.35/hr setpoint temperature plus half the
• Total BTU/h/ft2 load (upward
Room Temperature 65°F and downward added together) required upward BTU/h/ft2 load.
Components 1,841 BTU/hr For Bedroom 1:
Note: Obtain BTU/h/ft2 values (18.2 BTU/h/ft2 ÷ 2 BTU/h/ft2/°F)
Infiltration 420 BTU/hr
either from the ADS printout or + 65°F = 74.1°F floor surface
Ceiling Upward 213 BTU/hr calculate manually by dividing temperature.
Floor Downward 499 BTU/hr the BTU/h by the floor area
(in square feet) where tubing The formula used to calculate
Total Heat Loss 2,974 BTU/hr the floor surface temperature is
can be installed. Remember to
Supplemental 0 BTU/hr subtract areas where tubing will precise and is supplied by the ADS
Total Room Loss 2,974 not be installed. All load values program. If manually designing
in this tutorial are BTU/h/ft2. the system, use the formula or the
Radiant to Room Load 2,475 BTU/hr floor surface temperature chart
Unit Load 18.2 BTU/ft2/hr found in Appendix C. This chart
is also shown in Figure 8-3. This
Total Radiant Load 2,974 BTU/hr
chart quickly brackets the floor
Unit Load 21.9 BTU/ft2/hr surface temperature to determine
Figure 8-2: Heat-loss Data for Bedroom 1 if the temperature is within
requirements.
66 Chapter 8 – Radiant Floor System Design — www.uponorpro.com

Floor Surface Temperature Keep in mind this chart is used to is less. Remember, these loads are
Limitations — Hardwood quickly assess whether the floor maximum capabilities and may be
floors have a maximum floor surface temperature is within reduced by floor construction and
surface temperature of 80°F. limitations. At 75°F floor surface floor covering selections.
Please consult the wood temperature, the room floor
Enter 74.1°F in the floor surface
flooring manufacturer for their surface temperature is well within
temperature cell on the worksheet.
recommendations. All other flooring all limitations. Actual floor surface
types have a maximum floor surface temperature is 74.1°F.
Step 3: Installation Method
temperature of 87.5°F.
If the design does not use wood Next, determine which installation
Using the floor surface flooring, and the required surface method to use for the particular
temperature chart: temperature exceeds 87.5°F, job. Of all the options outlined in
reduce the heat loss of the room Chapter 6, the most common are:
Find: The required floor surface
or add supplemental heat. Take
temperature. • Slab on or below grade
the same action for wood flooring
Procedure: applications when the floor surface • Poured-floor underlayment
1. Find the desired room setpoint temperature exceeds 80°F. • Quik Trak
temperature in the first column Reversing the floor surface • Joist TrakTM
of the table; for this example, temperature formula determines • Joist heating
use 65°F. the maximum load in BTU/h/
2. Move right until you reach ft2 for a room. To calculate the Sometimes the decision is obvious,
the correct upward BTU/h/ft2 maximum upward BTU/h/ft2 at a but other times the designer
requirement (18.2). The chart given room setpoint temperature, may help influence the decision.
is divided into five BTU/h/ft2 use this equation: For instance, does the actual
increments. If between values, heat source have a fixed water
round to the next higher (87.5°F - room setpoint) x 2 = temperature that must be
value. For this example of maximum BTU/h/ft2 designed around? Has the building
18.2 BTU/h/ft2, use the already been framed, making
Using this formula, a room with
20 BTU/h/ft2 entry. poured-floor underlayment
a setpoint temperature of 65°F
impractical? What is the project
3. The temperature found at will support 45 BTU/h/ft2 for a
budget? Consider all these
the intersection of the two maximum upward BTU/h/ft2 load.
factors when determining
values is the bracketed floor Conversely, if the room setpoint
an installation method.
surface temperature. temperature is 70°F, then 35
BTU/h/ft2 is the maximum upward
load. Obviously, if wood flooring
is used, the BTU/h/ft2 capability
Radiant Floor
Surface Temperatures
75°F 80.0 82.5 85.0 87.5 90.0 92.5 95.0 97.5 100.0 102.5
Room Setpoint
72°F 77.0 79.5 82.0 84.5 87.0 89.5 92.0 94.5 97.0 99.5
70°F 75.0 77.5 80.0 82.5 85.0 87.5 90.0 92.5 95.0 97.5
68°F 73.0 75.5 78.0 80.5 83.0 85.5 88.0 90.5 93.0 95.5
3
65°F 70.0 72.5 75.0 77.5 80.0 82.5 85.0 87.5 90.0 92.5
1
60°F 65.0 67.5 70.0 72.5 75.0 77.5 80.0 82.5 85.0 87.5
10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 50.0 55.0
2
BTU/h/ft 2
Exceeds the maximum recommended surface temperature for all floors.

Exceeds the maximum recommended surface temperature for hardwood floors.
Figure 8-3: Excerpt From Radiant Floor Surface Temperatures Chart

Radiant Floor Design Worksheet One final note: there really is Larger tubing sizes do allow for
no best or preferred installation longer loop lengths due to lower
method. All have their applications, friction losses at the same flow
Loop 1 advantages and limitations. In rates, but do not increase the
A Room name Bedroom 1 addition, the superior efficiency actual per square foot heat output
B Room setpoint temp. (°F) 65°F of radiant floor heating in of a radiant system to any extent.
general makes any installation Other factors, such as installation
C Zone number 1
method preferable over other method, tubing spacing, water
D Upward load (BTU/h/ft2) 18.2 heat-delivery options. temperature, finished floor
E Total load (BTU/h/ft2) 21.9 materials and flow are more
For this tutorial, use the
F Floor surface temp. (°F) 74.1°F important factors in determining
poured-floor underlayment for
G Installation method Poured floor performance capabilities.
the type of installation method. In
H Tubing size ½" Wirsbo hePEX the floor construction cell on the The biggest difference between
I Floor covering R-value worksheet, enter “Poured Floor.” tubing sizes is pressure loss.
J Differential temp. (°F) Smaller tubing produces much
Step 4: Tubing Size greater pressure loss than larger
People often ask, “Do you get tubing. Therefore, shorter loop
more heat out of 1⁄2" tubing than lengths are suggested for smaller-
M Active loop length 3
⁄8" tubing?” The surprising answer diameter tubing. This pressure loss,
N Leader loop length is no, not really. The most common rather than heat output, is the
O Total loop length tubing sizes used in radiant floor determining factor when it comes
heating are 3⁄8" and 1⁄2". Both are to selecting a tubing size.
P Loop flow in gpm
fairly equal in terms of heat output
Q Loop head pressure (ft) Enter 1⁄2" Wirsbo hePEXTM in the
per square foot when installed in a
R Loop balancing turns tubing size cell on the worksheet.
radiant mass. Remember, the floor
Manifold Totals — not the tubing — is the heat Step 5: Finished Floor
emitter. The tubing merely carries Covering R-value
water to the heat emitter.
T Manifold flow in gpm The next step is to determine the
U Highest pressure head (ft)
type of finished flooring material
and its corresponding R-value. This
information is needed to determine
2
the appropriate supply water
Carpeting ⁄8"
1 1
⁄4" 3
⁄8" 1
⁄2" 5
⁄8" 3
⁄4"
temperature. Appendix D includes
Commercial glue down 0.60 0.90
a chart listing a variety of common
Acrylic level loop 1.04 1.56 2.08 2.60 3.12 floor coverings and their R-values;
Acrylic plush 0.83 1.25 1.66 2.08 2.49 an exerpt of the chart is shown in
Polyester plush 0.96 1.44 1.92 2.40 2.88 Figure 8-4.
Nylon saxony 0.88 1.32 1.76 2.20 2.64
1 3 Use the chart to select the floor
Nylon shag 0.54 0.81 1.08 1.35 1.62 covering closest to the proposed
Wool plush 1.10 1.65 2.20 2.75 3.30 floor covering.
Carpet Pads 5
Rubber (solid) 0.31 0.47 0.62 0.78 0.93
Rubber (waffled) 0.62 0.93 1.24 1.55 1.86
Hair and jute 0.98 1.47 1.96 2.45 2.94
Prime urethane (2-lb. density) 1.08 1.62 2.16 2.70 3.24
Bonded urethane (4-lb. density) 1.04 1.56 2.08 2.60 3.12
4 6
Figure 8-4: Excerpt From Floor Covering R-value Chart

Many times the finished floor Step 6: Determining
material is unknown at the time Differential Temperature
of design. People will question, The supply and return differential Loop 1
“Shouldn’t I simply design temperature is the temperature A Room name Bedroom 1
for the worst possible case?” drop from the supply manifold to B Room setpoint temp. (°F) 65°F
This approach may prevent a the return manifold. A supply and
C Zone number 1
potential under-design problem. return differential temperature
However, it frequently leads to D Upward load (BTU/h/ft2) 18.2
of 10°F is ideal for residential
over-design issues, where more radiant floors. A 20°F differential E Total load (BTU/h/ft2) 21.9
tubing or excessive supply water temperature is common for F Floor surface temp. (°F) 74.1°F
temperatures may be needlessly commercial projects. For the G Installation method Poured floor
factored into a job, adding to the exercise, use a supply and return H Tubing size ½" Wirsbo hePEX
overall design cost. Designers must differential temperature of 10°F.
carefully weigh the overall results I Floor covering R-value 1.92
of their design decisions, especially Enter 10°F in the differential J Differential temp. (°F) 10°F
with floor coverings. temperature cell on the worksheet. K Tubing o.c. distance (in) 9"
Find: The R-value of 1⁄4-inch nylon L Supply water temp. (°F)

Step 7: On-center Distance
saxony carpet with 1⁄4-inch bonded M Active loop length
Tubing on-center distance is a
urethane padding (4-lb. density). function of flow, temperature N Leader loop length
Procedure: and comfort. You must deliver O Total loop length

the required flow through the P Loop flow in gpm
1. In the R-value table, find tubing at the selected tubing
the type of carpeting to Q Loop head pressure (ft)
on-center distance and be within
be installed. the operational temperature range R Loop balancing turns
2. Move to the right and read of the floor construction medium Manifold Totals
the value for the appropriate (e.g. concrete, underlayment, S Supply water temp. (°F)
thickness. In this example, etc.). Decreasing the tubing
the R-value of 1⁄4-inch nylon spacing (bringing the tubing closer
saxony is 0.88. together) will lower the required U Highest pressure head (ft)
3. In the R-value table, find supply water temperature and

the type of carpet pad to produce a more even surface Step 8: Supply
be installed. temperature, but increases Water Temperature
the amount of tubing used in The required supply water
4. Move to the right and read
the project. temperature is the temperature
the value for the appropriate
necessary to provide the amount
thickness. In this example, For poured-floor underlayments,
of energy required to create the
the R-value of 1⁄4-inch bonded the maximum on-center distance is
floor surface temperature as it
urethane is 1.04. 9 inches. Due to the shallow depth
relates to the upward resistance
5. Add the two values together of the pour, install the tubing
of floor coverings. Supply water
to obtain the total R-value: closer together to avoid possible
temperature is based on a complex
0.88 + 1.04 = 1.92 striping, which creates warm and
relationship between the conditions
cool spots across the floor. If the
Enter 1.92 in the floor covering above and below the radiant mass
supply water temperature is
R-value cell on the worksheet. and several other characteristics
found to be too high later in
of the installation. The factors
the design process, reduce the
required to calculate supply water
on-center distances.
temperature are:
Enter 9 inches in the on-center • Installation method
distance cell on the worksheet.
• Required upward BTU/h/ft2 load
• Room setpoint temperature
• Floor covering R-value
• Supply and return differential
temperature

The required information to 4. Move straight down from • Reduce the tubing
determine the supply water the intersecting point of the on-center distance
temperature is known. Use the 1.92 R-value line and the • Reduce the floor covering
appropriate chart in Appendix E 18.2 BTU/h/ft2 line. R-value
(see Figure 8-5). 5. Read the required supply water • Reduce the upward heat loss
Find: The required supply water temperature at the appropriate through improved insulation
temperature for a load of 18.2 differential temperature. The
• Provide supplemental heat
BTU/h/ft2 using poured-floor required water temperature for
underlayment construction with Bedroom 1 is 125°F. The maximum operating water
tubing at 9 inches on center with temperature for concrete is
Enter 125°F in the supply water
a floor covering R-value of 1.92. 150°F (UBC 2606©7B) and
temperature cell on the worksheet.
140°F for poured-floor
Procedure: underlayment (verify with
Note: If the calculated downward
1. Find the appropriate supply the product manufacturer).
loss in BTU/h/ft2 exceeds the
water temperature chart When installing tubing between
upward load requirement, use
(poured-floor underlayment floor joists, with or without
the greater of the two values
with tubing 9 inches on center). heat emission plates, limit the
when calculating the supply
2. Enter the chart in the water temperature. supply water design temperature
BTU/h/ft2 column for the to 165°F.
given load (18.2 BTU/h/ft2). Concrete slabs and poured-floor
underlayments thicker than the Step 9: Determine
3. Move to the right until Loop Length
depth shown on the charts in
intersecting the approximate
Appendix E require slightly higher Loop length is a function of room
R-value slope line. The slope
supply water temperatures. size, tubing on-center distance
line for this R-value (1.92)
and the length of the tubing that
falls between the published If the supply water temperature
runs to and from the manifold
lines in the chart. exceeds the tubing’s sustained
(leader distance).
operating temperature or the
floor construction limitation,
the best ways to decrease the
water temperature are to:
Floor Covering R-value (RV)

R V = 0.5 R V = 1.0
50
R V = 1.5
R V = 2.0
40
R V = 2.5
R V = 3.0
30
20
1 2
10
3
Differential 10ºF 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200
Temperature 20ºF 75 85 95 105 115 125 135 145 155 165 175 185 195 205
Supply Water Temperature ºF

Note: Uponor’s recommended maximum fluid temperature for all concrete applications is 150°F, in accordance with the UBC. Consult underlayment
manufacturer's recommended temperature limitations. This data assumes negligible downward loss in accordance with good insulation practices.
Figure 8-5: Excerpt From Supply Water Temperature Chart

Active Loop Length — To Procedure: Radiant Floor Design Worksheet
determine the amount of tubing 1. Add the horizontal distance Project Name: Training House Main Level
to be installed in a room, use the from the room to the manifold
following multipliers: location and back to the amount Loop 1
12" o.c. Multiply the square of vertical distance at the A Room name Bedroom 1
footage of the room by 1.0 manifold location. B Room setpoint temp. (°F) 65°F
10" o.c. Multiply the square 2. The manifold location is C Zone number 1
footage of the room by 1.2 approximately 15 feet from D Upward load (BTU/h/ft2) 18.2
9" o.c. Multiply the square Bedroom 1. Multiply this E Total load (BTU/h/ft2) 21.9
footage of the room by 1.33 distance by 2 (to account for
F Floor surface temp. (°F) 74.1°F
supply and return piping) to
8" o.c. Multiply the square obtain the amount of horizontal G Installation method Poured floor
footage of the room by 1.5 tubing in the leader length. H Tubing size ½" Wirsbo hePEX
7" o.c. Multiply the square 15 x 2 = 30 feet I Floor covering R-value 1.92
footage of the room by 1.7 3. At the manifold location, J Differential temp. (°F) 10°F
6" o.c. Multiply the square this example will require K Tubing o.c. distance (in) 9"
footage of the room by 2.0 approximately 5 feet of tubing L Supply water temp. (°F) 125°F
to run from the floor to the
These factors determine the M Active loop length 181'
manifold and back to the floor
amount of active tubing to install N Leader loop length 35'
(roughly 2 feet on one side
in the room.
with 3 feet on the other). O Total loop length 216'
Find: The active loop length Add the horizontal and vertical P Loop flow in gpm
for Bedroom 1 with the tubing tubing amounts together. Q Loop head pressure (ft)
installed at 9 inches on center. 30 + 5 = 35 feet
R Loop balancing turns
Procedure: 4. The leader length for Bedroom 1
is 35 feet. Manifold Totals
1. Multiply the square footage S Supply water temp. (°F)
of the room by the Enter 35 feet in the leader length
cell on the worksheet. T Manifold flow in gpm
appropriate multiplier.
136 ft2 x 1.33 = 181 feet U Highest pressure head (ft)
Find: The total loop length for
2. The active loop length for Bedroom 1.
information required to calculate
Bedroom 1 is 181 feet.
Procedure: fluid flow includes:
Enter 181 feet in the active loop 1. Add the active loop length to • Required total BTU/h/ft2
length cell on the worksheet. the leader length to obtain the load (upward and downward
Leader Length — To determine total loop length. combined)
the leader length for the loop, add 181 + 35 = 216 • Tubing on-center distance
the horizontal distance from the 2. The total loop length for • Active loop length
room to the manifold to include Bedroom 1 is 216 feet.
any vertical distance. Multiply this For Bedroom 1 of the Training
value by two (supply and return) Enter 216 feet in the total loop House, the total load from the heat
to obtain the leader length for the length cell on the worksheet. loss is 21.9 BTU/h/ft2. The active
loop. To determine the total loop loop length, based on 9 inches
length, add the active loop length Step 10: Calculating on-center spacing, is 181 feet.
to the leader length. Fluid Flow
Use the charts in Appendix F
To satisfy the calculated heat load,
Find: The leader length for to calculate flow for each loop
the system must provide adequate
Bedroom 1. Distance to the in the system. Select the
fluid flow through each loop of the
manifold from the room is 15 feet appropriate chart for the water or
hydronic radiant floor system. Fluid
plus another 5 feet to cover the water-and-glycol mixture when
flow is based on a relationship
distance from the floor to the calculating flow.
between the heat load, active loop
manifold and back to the floor. length and the supply and return
differential temperature. The

Find: The required flow per loop. 1. The actual flow value is Find: Feet of head drop.
0.003325 gpm per foot of
Procedure: Procedure:
tubing. By rounding up to
1. Find the appropriate chart based the nearest whole number 1. Find the appropriate chart in
on the type of fluid used. In this (22 BTU/h/ft2), the flow Appendix G (100% water
tutorial, use the 100% water value is 0.00334. As you can using ½" Wirsbo hePEX).
chart (see Figure 8-6). see, following the formula in 2. Enter the gpm column and
Step 3 on small projects is round to the nearest flow for
2. Enter the chart at the total not necessary. The resulting the loop (0.60 gpm).
BTU/h/ft2 load (21.9) in the difference in flow is fairly
BTU/h/ft2 column. In small 3. Move right to the closest
insignificant. The ADS software
applications, round to the supply water column for the
program will always provide
nearest BTU/h/ft value 2 manifold (120ºF).
actual flow information.
(22 BTU/h/ft ) or use the
2
formula in Step 3 to determine

100% WATER
2. Using the actual flow, multiply Note: If the system water
it by the active loop length. temperature is between two
the flow per foot value for the
o columns, round up or down
actual BTU/h/ft2. 10 F SUPPLY0.003325 / RETURN
x 181 = 0.60DIFFERENTIAL
gpm
to the nearest temperature. If
3. For actual flow value, move toFLOWEnter IN GPM
0.60 gpm PER FOOT
in the flow OF
per TUBING the temperature falls exactly
the right until you intersect the loop cell in the worksheet. between two columns (110°F
Tubing On-Center Distances
column for2 9 inches on center for example), use the lower
BTU/h/ft
for both 21 and6"22o.c. BTU/h/ft7"2
. o.c.Step 11:
8" o.c.
Pressure 9" Losso.c. 10" o.c.temperature
12" o.c. column15" o.c.
(100°F).
Use50 0.00507
the following formula: 0.00591 0.00676 0.00760
To calculate the feet of pressure 0.00845 For 0.01014
this example, 0.01267
use the
{[(F1 49-F2) ÷ 10] 0.00497
x 7} + F2 =0.00579 0.00662
head drop (ft hd) for0.00745
the loop, 0.00828120°F0.00993 column. 0.01242
48
gpm per foot 0.00487 0.00568 0.00649 0.00730
use the following information: flow 0.00811 0.00973 0.01216
4.
R ead the feet of head drop
F1 47 0.00476
= flow rounded up to the0.00556 0.00635
per loop, total loop 0.00715
length, size 0.00794
per foot
0.00953 0.01191
(0.01277).
next 46whole number
0.00466 (22) 0.00544 0.00622
of tubing, 0.00699
type of tubing, supply 0.00777 0.00932 0.01166
45 0.00456
F2 = flow rounded down to the 0.00532 water 0.00608
temperature and 0.00684 5. Multiply0.00912
0.00760 the feet of head value
0.01140
44whole number
0.00446 fluid concentration. per foot by the total loop length
next (21) 0.00520 0.00595 0.00669 0.00743 0.00892 0.01115
43 0.00436 0.00508 0.00581 0.00654 to determine
0.00726 0.00872 0.01090 total feet of head
The flow for this loop is 0.60
Example for the loop. (0.0.01277 x 216 =
42 for 0.0042622 and 0.00497 gallons0.00568
per minute. The0.00639
total loop 0.00709 0.00851 0.01064
23 BTU/h/ft 2 2.76 feet of head)
41 0.00416 0.00485 length0.00554
is 216 feet. The0.00623
type and 0.00693 0.00831 0.01039
{[(0.00334
40 - 0.00319)
0.00405÷ 10]0.00473x 7} size of0.00541
tubing is ½" 0.00608
Wirsbo hePEX.0.00676 Normally,0.00811
the feet of head0.01014
+ 0.00319
39 0.00395 0.00461 0.00527 0.00593 0.00659 0.00791 0.00988
The supply water temperature is calculations are completed only
[(0.00015
38 ÷ 10) x 7] + 0.00319 125°F. The fluid concentration
0.00385 0.00449 0.00513 0.00578 0.00642 0.00770 0.00963 is after the manifold supply water
(0.000015
37 x 9) + 0.00319 0.00437
0.00375 100%0.00500
water. 0.00563 0.00625 temperature is known (after
0.00750 the
0.00938
project design is completed). The
36
0.000135 0.00365 0.00426 0.00486 0.00547 0.00608 0.00730 0.00912
+ 0.00319
feet of head loss is completed
35
0.003325 gpm0.00355
per foot of 0.00414 0.00473 0.00532 0.00591 0.00709 0.00887
now for training purposes.
34
tubing 0.00345 0.00402 0.00459 0.00517 0.00574 0.00689 0.00862
33 0.00334 0.00390 0.00446 0.00502 0.00557 0.00669 0.00836
32 0.00324 0.00378 0.00432 100% WATER0.00487 0.00541 0.00649 0.00811
31 0.00314 0.00367 0.00419 0.00471 0.00524 0.00628 0.00786
o
30 0.00304 10 F SUPPLY
0.00355 / RETURN
0.00405 DIFFERENTIAL
0.00456 0.00507 0.00608 0.00760
29 0.00294 0.00343 0.00392 0.00441 0.00490 0.00588 0.00735
FLOW IN GPM PER FOOT OF TUBING
28 0.00284 0.00331 0.00378 0.00426 0.00473 0.00568 0.00709
27 0.00274 0.00319 0.00365 Tubing On-Center
0.00410 Distances0.00456 0.00547 0.00684
2
BTU/h/ft
26 6" o.c.
0.00264 7" o.c.
0.00307 8" o.c.
0.00351 9" o.c.
0.00395 10" o.c. 0.00527
0.00439 12" o.c. 0.00659
15" o.c.
25
50 0.00253 0.00591
0.00507 0.00296 0.00676
0.00338 0.00760
0.00380 0.00845 0.00422 0.01014 0.00507 0.01267
0.00633
24
49 0.00243 0.00579
0.00497 0.00284 0.00662
0.00324 0.00745
0.00365 0.00828 0.00405 0.00993 0.00487 0.01242
0.00608
23
48 0.00233 0.00272 0.00311 0.00350
0.00487 0.00568 0.00649 0.00730 0.00811 0.00973 0.01216 0.00389 0.00466 0.00583
22
47 0.00223 0.00556
0.00476 0.00260 0.00635
0.00297 0.00715
0.00334 0.00794 0.00372 0.00953 0.00446 0.01191
0.00557
21
46 0.00213 0.00544
0.00466 0.00248 0.00622
0.00284 0.00699
0.00319 0.00777 0.00355 0.00932 0.00426 0.01166
0.00532
20
45 0.00203
0.00456 0.00236
0.00532 0.00270
0.00608
Figure 8-6: Excerpt From 100% Water Flow Chart 0.00304
0.00684 0.00338
0.00760 0.00405
0.00912 0.00507
0.01140
19
44 0.00193 0.00225 0.00257 0.00289
0.00446 0.00520 0.00595 0.00669 0.00743 0.00892 0.01115 0.00321 0.00385 0.00481
18
43 0.00182 0.00508
0.00436 0.00213 0.00581
0.00243 0.00654
0.00274 0.00726 0.00304 0.00872 0.00365 0.01090
0.00456
72 17
42 0.00172 0.00497
0.00426 0.00201 0.00568
0.00230 Chapter
0.00258
0.00639 0.00287
0.00709
8 – Radiant Floor 0.00345
0.00851
System Design 0.00431
0.01064
— www.uponorpro.com
16
41 0.00162 0.00485
0.00416 0.00189 0.00554
0.00216 0.00623
0.00243 0.00693 0.00270 0.00831 0.00324 0.01039
0.00405
15
40 0.00152 0.00473
0.00405 0.00177 0.00541
0.00203 0.00608
0.00228 0.00676 0.00253 0.00811 0.00304 0.01014
0.00380
If the head loss is higher than To adjust the valve setting for Radiant Floor Design Worksheet
desired after completing the an individual loop, follow the
pressure-loss calculation, you may steps listed below.
need to decrease loop length(s), 1. Remove the protective Loop 1
add loops or increase the PEX plastic cap and turn it upside A Room name Bedroom 1
tubing size. down. Place the cap over B Room setpoint temp. (°F) 65°F
If the tubing size or total loop the operating pin and insert C Zone number 1
length change, recalculate pressure the notch in its slot.
D Upward load (BTU/h/ft2) 18.2
loss using the new loop length or 2. Close the valve by turning it E Total load (BTU/h/ft2) 21.9
tubing size (and corresponding clockwise until it stops.
F Floor surface temp. (°F) 74.1°F
water temperature). 3. Turn the valve counterclockwise G Installation method Poured floor
Enter 2.76 feet of head in the the calculated number of half
H Tubing size ½" Wirsbo hePEX
loop head pressure cell in the turns from the closed position.
I Floor covering R-value 1.92
worksheet. 4. Perform this adjustment for
J Differential temp. (°F) 10°F
each loop on the manifold.
This completes the design of
K Tubing o.c. distance (in) 9"
Bedroom 1. Once all rooms are 5. Replace the balancing cap on
L Supply water temp. (°F) 125°F
designed and calculated for the the manifold and tighten a
Training House tutorial, perform maximum of a half turn or the M Active loop length 181'
the initial flow balancing and valve may begin to close. N Leader loop length 35'
determine the system totals. O Total loop length 216'
The answers for the tutorial are P Loop flow in gpm 0.60
on pages 88 and 90. System Reminders
Q Loop head pressure (ft) 2.76'
Water Temperature
Performing Initial Flow When designing a radiant system, a
situation may arise where different Manifold Totals
Balance Calculations
loops serving different rooms on S Supply water temp. (°F)
To ensure adequate flow among
the same manifold have different T Manifold flow in gpm
the varying loop lengths of 1¼"
required water temperatures.
Brass Manifolds, they must be U Highest pressure head (ft)
Typically, if this difference is
balanced. The balance valve on
no greater than 20°F to 25°F,
an Uponor manifold is located However, if the difference is
it will not impact the system.
on the return manifold under the greater than 25°F, consider
This, of course, will vary depending
protective plastic cap. To calculate some design changes to reduce the
on room traffic patterns and
the setting, use the formula below. temperature differential.
floor coverings.
First, in wet applications
Length of loop to (poured-floor underlayment),
be balanced x 4 Number of half turns
= from closed position decrease the tubing spacing of
Length of longest (balance setting) the loops requiring higher water
loop/manifold
temperatures. This will lower the
Example required water temperature in
Calculate the balance for a 200- those loops while maintaining the
foot loop with the longest loop same output and floor surface
on the manifold being 300 feet. temperature. However, loop length
and pressure loss will increase,
(200' x 4) ÷ 300 = half turns
which may necessitate adding a
from closed
second loop to that area.
800 ÷ 300 = half turns from closed
2.67 = half turns from closed Second, in dry installations
(between the joists), you may
choose to add aluminum heat
emission plates to lower the
water temperature.

Third, decreasing the finished floor When selecting a circulator, consult
R-value will lead to lower required the manufacturer’s published
water temperatures. performance curves, and select
the circulator that best fits
Last, move the higher supply water
the specific gpm and head
temperature loops to another
requirements for the project.
manifold and run appropriate water
temperature to that manifold.
The Complete Design
Head and GPM The following is the entire room
When calculating the flow and schedule for the Uponor Training
head total for a system, gpm House. The floor plans and heat-
(or total flow) is cumulative. loss information appear on pages
The flow of all loops served by 75 to 87. Finish the design
a single circulator should be added with the worksheet started by
together. Head (or pressure loss) Bedroom 1. See pages 88 to 91
is not cumulative. Simply select for the completed tutorial design
the highest pressure drop of all calculations and tubing layouts.
the loops per manifold served
by that circulator. Remember
to add in the supply and return
mechanical piping and any other
appliances the circulator will push
flow through.
Room Schedule
Bedroom 1 136 ft2 ¼" nylon saxony with ¼" bonded urethane
Bedroom 2 160 ft2
¼" nylon saxony with ¼" bonded urethane
Bedroom 3 183 ft2
Living Room 260 ft2
¾" oak
Kitchen/Dining 260 ft2
¾" oak
Bath/Laundry 150 ft2
¼" ceramic tile with ¼" underlayment
Bath 2 75 ft2 ¼" ceramic tile with ¼" underlayment
Family Room 270 ft2
Recreation Room 270 ft2
Storage 383 ft2
No floor covering
Window Schedule
Window 1 — 2'6" x 4'0" Double pane, wood frame R-1.81
Door Schedule
Door 1 — 6'0" x 7'0" Sliding, double pane, wood frame R-1.82
Door 2 — 3'0" x 7'0" Metal with urethane core R-5.29

A A A A A 1 A
Bedroom 1 Bath 1 Laundry Dining Kitchen

A
12' x 10' 7'6" x 10' 7'6" x 10' 10' x 13' 10' x 13'
8' x 2'
8' x 2'
10' x 2'
Bedroom 2 Bedroom 3 Living
A
12' x 12' 12'6" x 13' 20' x 13'
3' x 2'
B B B B B B B B
Main-level Floor Plan (No Scale)
A A A A A 1 B B
Bedroom 4 Bath 2 Family Room

19' x 10' 7'6" x 10' 20' x 13'6"
Storage Rec Room

27' x 13'6" 20' x 13'6"
Lower-level Floor Plan (No Scale)

88
Project Name: Training House Lower Level Manifold Number: 1
Loop 1 Loop 2 Loop 3 Loop 4 Loop 5 Loop 6 Loop 7 Loop 8 Loop 9 Loop 10
A Room name Bedroom 4 Bath 2 Family Rec Room Storage
B Room setpoint temp. (°F) 65°F 65°F 65°F 65°F 65°F
C Zone number 6 7 8 9 10
2
D Upward load (BTU/h/ft ) 12.5 9.9 13.2 8.1 7.4
E Total load (BTU/h/ft2) 17.2 14.2 17.9 11.6 9.1
F Floor surface temp. (°F) 71.2°F 69.9°F 71.6°F 69.1°F 68.7°F
G Installation method Concrete slab Concrete slab Concrete slab Concrete slab Concrete slab
H Tubing size ½" ½" ½" ½" ½"
I Floor covering R-value 1.92 0.56 1.92 1.92 0.0
J Differential temp. (°F) 10°F 10°F 10°F 10°F 10°F
K Tubing o.c. distance (in) 12" 6" 12" 12" 12"
L Supply water temp. (°F) 103°F 78°F 104°F 90°F 73°F
M Active loop length (ft) 209' 150' 270' 270' 383'
N Leader loop length (ft) 24' 18' 12' 6' 6'
O Total loop length (ft) 233' 168' 282' 276' 389'
P Loop flow in gpm 0.73 0.22 0.98 0.64 0.71
Q Loop head pressure (ft) 4.6' 0.4' 9.4' 4.3' 7.3'
R Loop balancing turns 2.4 1.7 2.9 2.8 4.0
Manifold Totals
S Supply water temp. (°F) 104°F
T Manifold flow in gpm 3.28
U Highest pressure head (ft) 9.4'
AE
nter the name of the room. The room may G Enter the installation method. ME
nter the length of tubing installed within QU
se the values in Rows H and P with
have more than one loop. H Enter the size of PEX tubing for project. the room (i.e., active loop). Appendix G to obtain the head pressure
B Room setpoint temperature is normally 65°F NE
nter the length of the tubing from the room per loop. Choose the appropriate solution
Chapter 8 – Radiant Floor System Design

IR
efer to Appendix D for floor (water or water/glycol solution).
for radiant floor. covering information. being heated to the respective manifold.
—
C Zone is equal to thermostat. OU
se formula: (Row M + Row N) = total RT
hese cells are calculated after the
J Indicate differential temperature design is completed. Use the formula:
DE
nter the “Floor Unit Load to Room” value (10°F for residential; 15°F for light loop length.
(current loop value in Row O x 4) /
from ADS printout (upward load). commercial; 20°F for commercial). PU
se the values in Rows E and M with longest loop length on the manifold.
EE
nter the “Floor Unit Load” value from ADS KT
ubing o.c. distance is 12" for residential. Appendix F to obtain the flow per loop.
SE
nter highest temperature from Row L.
printout (total load). Do not exceed 9" o.c. under tile or linoleum.
T Add and enter all values from Row P.
F (Row D/2) + Row B = floor surface LU
se information from Rows D, G, I, K
temperature. Do not exceed 87.5°F for all with Appendix E to obtain the supply U Enter highest value from Row Q.
www.uponorpro.com
floors (exception: wood floor limit is 80°F). water temperature.
A A A A A 1 B B
Bath 2 Family Room

Bedroom 4 7'6" x 10' 20' x 13'6"

19' x 10'
—
Storage Rec Room
27' x 13'6" 20' x 13'6"
Lower-level Floor Plan (No Scale)
89
90
Project Name: Training House Main Level Manifold Number: 2
A Room name Bedroom 1 Bath/Ldry Din/Kit Living Room Bedroom 3 Bedroom 2
B Room setpoint temp. (°F) 65°F 65°F 65°F 65°F 65°F 65°F
C Zone number 1 2 3 4 5 5
2
D Upward load (BTU/h/ft ) 18.2 12.2 16.2 14.7 9.7 14.5
E Total load (BTU/h/ft2) 21.9 13.3 17.8 16.2 11.7 17.5
F Floor surface temp. (°F) 74.1°F 71.1°F 73.1°F 72.4°F 69.9°F 72.3°F
G Installation method Poured floor Poured floor Poured floor Poured floor Poured floor Poured floor
H Tubing size ½" ½" ½" ½" ½" ½"
I Floor covering R-value 1.92 0.56 0.67 0.67 1.92 1.92
J Differential temp. (°F) 10°F 10°F 10°F 10°F 10°F 10°F
K Tubing o.c. distance (in) 9" 9" 9" 9" 9" 9"
L Supply water temp. (°F) 125°F 90°F 102°F 94°F 100°F 113°F
M Active loop length (ft) 181' 200' 306' 313' 243' 213'
N Leader loop length (ft) 35' 23' 12' 6' 6' 35'
O Total loop length (ft) 216' 223' 318' 319' 249' 248'
P Loop flow in gpm 0.60 0.41 0.83 0.77 0.43 0.57
Q Loop head pressure (ft) 3.0' 1.6' 7.9' 6.9' 1.9' 3.1'
R Loop balancing turns 2.7 2.8 4.0 4.0 3.1 3.1
Manifold Totals
AE
nter the name of the room. The room may G Enter the installation method. LU
se information from Rows D, G, I, K QU
have more than one loop. H Enter the size of PEX tubing for project. with Appendix E to obtain the supply Appendix G to obtain the head pressure
B Room setpoint temperature is normally 65°F water temperature. per loop. Choose the appropriate solution

IR
efer to Appendix D for floor (water or water/glycol solution).
for radiant floor. covering information. ME
nter the length of tubing installed within
the room (i.e., active loop). RT
—
C Zone is equal to thermostat. J Indicate differential temperature
NE
nter the length of the tubing from the room design is completed. Use the formula:
DE
nter the “Floor Unit Load to Room” value (10°F for residential; 15°F for light (current loop value in Row O x 4) /
from ADS printout (upward load). commercial; 20°F for commercial). being heated to the respective manifold.
longest loop length on the manifold.
EE
nter the “Floor Unit Load” value from ADS KT
ubing o.c. distance is 12" for residential. OU
se formula: (Row M + Row N) = total
loop length. SE
PU
se the values in Rows E and M with T Add and enter all values from Row P.
F (Row D/2) + Row B = floor surface
temperature. Do not exceed 87.5°F for all Appendix F to obtain the flow per loop. U Enter highest value from Row Q.
floors (exception: wood floor limit is 80°F).
www.uponorpro.com
A A A A 1 A
A
12' x 10' Dining Kitchen

7'6" x 10' 7'6" x 10'
10' x 13' 10' x 13'
—
8' x 2'
8' x 2'

10' x 2'
Bedroom 2 Living
A
Bedroom 3
12' x 12' 12'6" x 13' 3' x 2' 20' x 13'
B B B B B B B B
91
92
Project Name: __________________________ Manifold Number: _____
A Room name
B Room setpoint temp. (°F)
C Zone number
D Upward load (BTU/h/ft2)
E Total load (BTU/h/ft2)
F Floor surface temp. (°F)
G Installation method
H Tubing size
I Floor covering R-value
J Differential temp. (°F)
M Active loop length
O Total loop length
P Loop flow in gpm
Q Loop head pressure (ft)
Manifold Totals
AE
nter the name of the room. The room may G Enter the installation method. L Use information from Rows D, G, I, K Q Use the values in Rows H and P with
have more than one loop. H Enter the size of PEX tubing for project. with Appendix E to obtain the supply Appendix G to obtain the head pressure

B Room setpoint temperature is normally 65°F water temperature. per loop. Choose the appropriate solution
I Refer to Appendix D for floor (water or water/glycol solution).
for radiant floor. M Enter the length of tubing installed within
—
covering information.
C Zone is equal to thermostat. the room (i.e., active loop). RT
DE
nter the “Floor Unit Load to Room” value (10°F for residential; 15°F for light NE
nter the length of the tubing from the room
being heated to the respective manifold. (current loop value in Row O x 4) /
from ADS printout (upward load). commercial; 20°F for commercial). longest loop length on the manifold.
E Enter the “Floor Unit Load” value from ADS KT
ubing o.c. distance is 12" for residential. OU
loop length. S Enter highest temperature from Row L.
PU
se the values in Rows E and M with T Add and enter all values from Row P.
F (Row D/2) + Row B = floor surface
temperature. Do not exceed 87.5°F for all Appendix F to obtain the flow per loop. U Enter highest value from Row Q.
www.uponorpro.com
floors (exception: wood floor limit is 80°F).
Chapter 9
Radiant Ceiling System Design
Designing a radiant ceiling With radiant ceiling, it is not

heating system is fairly simple. always necessary to install tubing
Unlike radiant floor heating, floor over the entire ceiling area. If the
coverings are not a concern and BTU/h/ft2 requirement is low,
the surface temperature limitations increasing the load per square foot
are higher. The exception is when and concentrating the tubing and
Note: This tutorial is designed
radiant ceiling is installed over an plates in the high heat-loss areas
with Joist TrakTM aluminum
un-insulated concrete slab. In this of the room reduce the amount
plates. Joist Trak aluminum
case, using a high R-value floor of material required and lower
plates produce approximately
covering may be beneficial. the installed price.
26 BTU/h/ft2 with 120°F
Uponor radiant ceiling systems At the most basic level, five supply water. Joist Trak plates
are designed for residential performance factors must be provide a higher output than
applications over suspended calculated when designing a Quik Trak® panels in the ceiling.
wood floors. The system can be hydronic radiant ceiling On average, Quik Trak panels
used as a sole source of heat or heating system. provide 20 BTU/h/ft2 output
as a supplemental heat. Radiant using 120°F supply water. Quik
1. Accurate room-by-room
ceiling is not recommended over Trak panels are recommended
heat-loss analysis
un-insulated, bare concrete floors. for supplemental use in radiant
2. Surface temperature ceiling applications.
It is important to perform an requirements
accurate room-by-room 3. Supply water temperature
heat-loss analysis using an requirements Bedroom 1 (Floor Plan 1)
appropriate indoor design
4. Fluid flow requirements Total Area 136 ft2
temperature. Uponor recommends
a 70°F room setpoint temperature 5. Pressure loss Average Height 8 ft
for radiant ceiling systems. Volume 1,088 ft2
Training House (Partial) Air Changes 0.35/hr
Room Temperature 70°F
Components 1,990 BTU/hr
Infiltration 454 BTU/hr
Ceiling Upward 1,089 BTU/hr
Floor Downward 0 BTU/hr
Total Heat Loss 3,533 BTU/hr
12' x 10' 7'6" x 10' Supplemental
7'6" x 10' 0 BTU/hr
Total Room Loss 3,533
Radiant to Room Load 2,444 BTU/hr
Unit Load 18 BTU/ft2/hr
8' x 2' Total Radiant Load 3,533 BTU/hr

Unit Load 26 BTU/ft2/hr
Manifold
Figure 9-2: Heat-loss Data for Bedroom 1
8' x 2'
Figure 9-1: Uponor Training House (Partial)
Complete Design Assistance Manual — Chapter 9 – Radiant Ceiling System Design 93

Radiant Ceiling information into the computer Step 3: Ceiling
Design Tutorial heat-loss program. Entering the Surface Temperature
data into the computer will The ceiling surface temperature is
To demonstrate the radiant ceiling
go much faster if you complete the temperature at the bottom of
design process, this exercise walks
the worksheet first. the sheetrock needed to transfer
step by step through the design
of a single room (Bedroom 1) the calculated BTU/h into a single
The heat loss for this tutorial
of the Uponor Training House. area at design heat load. If the
has already been completed.
The complete main floor level conditions are milder than design,
Figure 9-1 shows a partial floor
of the Training House and the the ceiling surface temperature
plan for the Uponor Training
radiant ceiling heat-loss and design will be lower. Surface temperature
House. Figure 9-2 shows heat-loss
information is provided is based on a simple relationship
data from the ADS program for
on pages 101 to 109. between the room setpoint
Bedroom 1.
temperature and the required
Step 1: Heat-loss Analysis The radiant ceiling design BTU/h/ft2 load. Areas with
worksheet template in Appendix differing BTU/h/ft2 requirements
The Advanced Design SuiteTM
B is provided for recording the or setpoints require different
(ADS) worksheet provides a format
radiant ceiling design information. surface temperatures.
to organize the building’s raw
Note that this appendix also
heat-loss information. A copy The coefficient of radiant ceiling
contains worksheets for radiant
of this worksheet is available in thermal transfer is 1.1 BTU/h/
floor and Quik Trak designs.
Appendix A. Copy as necessary. ft2/°F. This transfer coefficient
Copy the template and fill in the
Fill out the worksheet for the changes as the position of the
information during the tutorial.
project, and then enter the radiant panel changes in the room.
Enter the following information
from the Bedroom 1 heat loss For Bedroom 1:
Radiant Ceiling Design Worksheet into the design worksheet:
Project Name: Training House Main Level room name, setpoint temperature, Example
zone number (thermostat) and (27.2 BTU/h/ft2 ÷ 1.1 BTU/h/
Loop 1 ft2/°F) + 70°F = 95°F ceiling
BTU/h load.
A Room name Bedroom 1 surface temperature
B Room setpoint temp. (°F) 70°F Step 2: Calculating the The formula used to calculate
C Zone number 1 BTU/h/ft2 Requirements the ceiling surface temperature is
D BTU/h 3,533 1. Determine the heat loss. For precise and is supplied by the ADS
Bedroom 1, the total load is program. If manually designing
E Ceiling Square Footage 136
3,533 BTU/h. It is slightly the system, use the formula or the
F BTU/h/ft2 27.2
different from the radiant ceiling surface temperature chart
G Active Square Footage 130 floor heat loss from Chapter found in Appendix C. An excerpt
H Ceiling surface temp. (°F) 8 because the setpoint of this chart is shown in Figure
I Tubing size temperature increases from 9-3. This chart quickly brackets
65°F to 70°F. the ceiling surface temperature to
K Tubing o.c. distance (in) 2. Calculate the total ceiling area determine if the temperature is
available for radiant ceiling within limitations.
panel. Remember to subtract
areas that must be avoided.
N Leader loop length For example, allow a 6-inch
O Total loop length clearance for any flues and
P Loop flow in gpm 12 inches for light fixtures.
This example uses 130 ft2,
which will become the active
square footage.
Manifold Totals 3. Divide the heat load by active
S Supply water temp. (°F) ceiling area available to find the
T Manifold flow in gpm BTU/h/ft2 (3,533 BTU/h ÷ 130
= 27.2 BTU/h/ft2).
94 Chapter 9 – Radiant Ceiling System Design — www.uponorpro.com

Ceiling Surface Temperature Step 4: Tubing Size Enter the differential temperature
Limitations Because Uponor radiant ceilings (10ºF) into the design worksheet.
Ceilings up to 8 feet = maximum use Joist Trak aluminum heat
emission plates, tubing size is Step 6: On-center Distance
of 100°F surface temperature
limited to 3⁄8" or 1⁄2". It is important Tubing spacing is 8 inches
If the surface temperature to note that increasing the tubing on center.
exceeds a limitation, reduce the size does NOT increase the heat
Enter the tubing on-center
heat loss or the load per square delivered.
distance (8") into the
feet (if it was artificially increased),
The following example uses design worksheet.
or add supplemental heat.
1
⁄2" Wirsbo hePEX to minimize
head loss per loop. If using Step 7: Supply
Note: The Uponor radiant
3
⁄8" Wirsbo hePEX, the resulting Water Temperature
ceiling system is designed for
residential applications with head loss on this loop would be The required supply water
ceilings up to 12 feet. 16 feet. For residential systems, temperature is the temperature
maximum recommended head necessary to achieve the required
Using the ceiling surface loss per loop is 12 feet to keep ceiling surface temperature. The
temperature chart: pumping costs down. information required to calculate
supply water temperature for a
Find: The ceiling surface In this example, using 1⁄2" Wirsbo
radiant ceiling is:
temperature. hePEX will ensure the pump can
• Required BTU/h/ft2 load
be purchased off-the-shelf and
Procedure: • Room setpoint temperature
is cost-effective.
1. Find the desired room setpoint • Tubing on-center distance
temperature in the room setpoint Enter the tubing size (1⁄2") into
• Supply and return
column (70°F). the design worksheet.
differential temperature
2. On the BTU/h/ft2 column, move Step 5: Differential All the information needed
right until you reach the correct Temperature to calculate the supply water
BTU/h/ft2 requirement (27.5).
The supply and return differential temperature is available. See
3. The temperature at the temperature is the temperature Appendix E and Figure 9-4.
intersection of the two is drop from the supply manifold to
the required ceiling surface the return manifold. A supply and
temperature (95.0°F). return differential temperature
of 10°F is ideal for residential
Enter the calculated surface
radiant ceilings. For the exercise,
temperature (95ºF) into the
use a supply and return differential
design worksheet.
temperature of 10°F.
Radiant Ceiling Surface Temperatures

Ceiling Surface Temperature = (BTU/h/ft² ÷ 1.1) + Room Setpoint
3
75°F 84.1 88.6 93.2 97.7 100.0 102.3 106.8 111.4
Room Setpoint
72°F 81.1 85.6 90.2 94.7 97.0 99.3 103.8 108.4

70°F 79.1 83.6 88.2 92.7 95.0 97.3 101.8 106.4
1 2
68°F 77.1 81.6 86.2 90.7 93.0 95.3 99.8 104.4
65°F 74.1 78.6 83.2 87.7 90.0 92.3 96.8 101.4
60°F 69.1 73.6 78.2 82.7 85.0 87.3 91.8 96.4
10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 27.5 30.0 35.0 40.0
BTU/h/ft2
Exceeds maximum recommended surface temperature for 8 foot ceilings.
Figure 9-3: Radiant Ceiling Surface Temperatures

Radiant Ceiling Design Worksheet Find: Required supply water The amount of tubing per loop
temperature. equals the square footage of
Procedure: ceiling coverage by the loop
Loop 1 (installed 8 inches on center), the
1. Enter the chart at the required
A Room name Bedroom 1 leader length and an additional
BTU/h/ft2 (27.2) in the
B Room setpoint temp. (°F) 70°F
length of about 10 feet to get up
BTU/h/ft2 column.
and down the wall to the manifold
C Zone number 1 2. Move to the right until you (as required).
D BTU/h 3,533 intersect the diagonal line.
Move straight down and The net ceiling area for Bedroom 1
E Ceiling Square Footage 136
read the required supply is 136 square feet. The adjusted
F BTU/h/ft2 27.2
water temperature. This ceiling area when calculated to the
G Active Square Footage 130 ideal load of 27.2 BTU/h/ft2 is
chart is based off a 10°F
H Ceiling surface temp. (°F) 95°F
temperature differential. 130 square feet. Distance from the
I Tubing size 1
⁄2" room to the manifold location is
Example The required water 10 feet. Additional distance within
J Differential temp. (°F) 10°F temperature is 122°F. the room is 7 feet. Add 6 feet for
he chart calculates the correct
T the distance from the ceiling to
L Supply water temp. (°F) 122°F supply water temperature at the manifold.
M Active loop length 195 70°F room setpoint temperature
Find: The active loop length for
N Leader loop length 46 and a supply and return
Bedroom 1
O Total loop length 241 differential temperature of 10°F.
P
Enter the supply water Procedure: Convert the active
Loop flow in gpm
temperature (122°F) into the square footage into length of
design worksheet. tubing (130 x 1.5 = 195 feet).
Example Active loop length for
Manifold Totals Step 8: Determining
Bedroom 1 is 195 feet.
Loop Length
Loop length is a function of room Enter the active loop length
size (or coverage area), tubing (195 feet) into the design
U Highest pressure head (ft) on-center distance, distance to and worksheet.
from the manifold, and the ability
Find: The leader length for
to supply a pump to circulate the
Bedroom 1.
required flow through the loop(s).
Procedure:
1. Determine the distance from
the heated panel in the room to
Radiant Ceiling with Joist Trak Plates (8" on center) the exit location from the room.
45 In this example, the distance is
Heat Loss per Square Foot (BTU/h/ft2)
40 5
⁄8" Sheetrock approximately 7 feet. Multiply
35 this value by 2 to account for
30 the supply and return tubing
(7 x 2 = 14 feet).
25
20
2. Determine the distance from
the room exit location to the
15
appropriate manifold location.
10 In this example, the distance is
5 approximately 10 feet. Multiply
0 this value by 2 to account for
80° 90° 100° 110° 120° 130° 140° 150° 160° the supply and return tubing
Supply Water Temperature (°F) (10 x 2 = 20 feet).
Figure 9-4: Radiant Ceiling with Joist Trak Plates (8" on center)

3. Determine the distance above Find: Total loop length for active loop length and the supply
the manifold location to the Bedroom 1. and return differential temperature.
manifold itself. In this example, The information required to
Procedure: Add the active loop
the distance is approximately calculate fluid flow is:
length with the leader length to
6 feet. Multiply this value by 2 • BTU/h/ft2 load
obtain the total loop length
to account for the supply and
(195 + 46 = 241 feet). • Tubing on-center distance
return tubing (6 x 2 = 12 feet).
The total loop length for Bedroom 1 • Active loop length
4. Add all the tubing lengths
is 241 feet.
from the three steps above to All the information required
obtain the amount of leader Enter the total loop length (241 to calculate the required flow
length for this loop (14 + 20 + feet) into the design worksheet. for Bedroom 1 has been
12 = 46 feet). determined. Use the charts in
Step 9: Fluid Flow Appendix F to calculate flow
xample The leader length for
E
Bedroom 1 is 46 feet. To satisfy the calculated heat for each loop of the system.
load, the system must provide Select the appropriate chart for
Enter the leader length (46 feet) adequate fluid flow through each either water or water/glycol
into the design worksheet. loop of the hydronic radiant ceiling solution when calculating flow.
system. Fluid flow is based on a
relationship between the heat load, Find: The required flow for the
loop in Bedroom 1.
100%
100%WATER
Water
o
1010°F
F SUPPLY / RETURN DIFFERENTIAL
Supply/Return Differential
FLOW
FlowIN
inGPM
GPMPER
PerFOOT
FootOF
ofTUBING
Tubing
2
BTU/h/ft 6" o.c. 7" o.c. 8" o.c. 9" o.c. 10" o.c. 12" o.c. 15" o.c.
50 0.00507 0.00591 0.00676 0.00760 0.00845 0.01014 0.01267
49 0.00497 0.00579 0.00662 0.00745 0.00828 0.00993 0.01242
48 0.00487 0.00568 0.00649 0.00730 0.00811 0.00973 0.01216
47 0.00476 0.00556 0.00635 0.00715 0.00794 0.00953 0.01191
46 0.00466 0.00544 0.00622 0.00699 0.00777 0.00932 0.01166
45 0.00456 0.00532 0.00608 0.00684 0.00760 0.00912 0.01140
44 0.00446 0.00520 0.00595 0.00669 0.00743 0.00892 0.01115
43 0.00436 0.00508 0.00581 0.00654 0.00726 0.00872 0.01090
42 0.00426 0.00497 0.00568 0.00639 0.00709 0.00851 0.01064
41 0.00416 0.00485 0.00554 0.00623 0.00693 0.00831 0.01039
40 0.00405 0.00473 0.00541 0.00608 0.00676 0.00811 0.01014
39 0.00395 0.00461 0.00527 0.00593 0.00659 0.00791 0.00988
38 0.00385 0.00449 0.00513 0.00578 0.00642 0.00770 0.00963
37 0.00375 0.00437 0.00500 0.00563 0.00625 0.00750 0.00938
36 0.00365 0.00426 0.00486 0.00547 0.00608 0.00730 0.00912
35 0.00355 0.00414 0.00473 0.00532 0.00591 0.00709 0.00887
34 0.00345 0.00402 0.00459 0.00517 0.00574 0.00689 0.00862
33 0.00334 0.00390 0.00446 0.00502 0.00557 0.00669 0.00836
32 0.00324 0.00378 0.00432 0.00487 0.00541 0.00649 0.00811
31 0.00314 0.00367 0.00419 0.00471 0.00524 0.00628 0.00786
30 0.00304 0.00355 0.00405 0.00456 0.00507 0.00608 0.00760
29 0.00294 0.00343 0.00392 0.00441 0.00490 0.00588 0.00735
28 0.00284 0.00331 0.00378 0.00426 0.00473 0.00568 0.00709
27 0.00274 0.00319 0.00365 0.00410 0.00456 0.00547 0.00684
26 0.00264 0.00307 0.00351 0.00395 0.00439 0.00527 0.00659
Figure25 0.00253
9-5: Excerpt 0.00296
from 100% Water 0.00338 0.00380 0.00422
Flow Chart 0.00507 0.00633
24 0.00243 0.00284 0.00324 0.00365 0.00405 0.00487 0.00608
23 0.00233 0.00272 0.00311 0.00350 0.00389 0.00466 0.00583
Complete Design Assistance Manual — Chapter 9 – Radiant Ceiling System Design
22 0.00223 0.00260 0.00297 0.00334 0.00372 0.00446 0.00557 97
21 0.00213 0.00248 0.00284 0.00319 0.00355 0.00426 0.00532
20 0.00203 0.00236 0.00270 0.00304 0.00338 0.00405 0.00507
Step 10: Pressure Loss tubing. Select the chart for the
Radiant Ceiling Design Worksheet correct type and size tubing, water
To correctly size a circulator for
Project Name: Training House Main Level a radiant ceiling heating system, temperature and water or water/
Loop 1 you must know two things. glycol mixture.
A Room name Bedroom 1 1. Total gpm required Find: Feet of head drop.
B Room setpoint temp. (°F) 70°F 2. Feet of head pressure Procedure:
C Zone number 1 drop across the system the 1. Identify the appropriate flow
D BTU/h 3,533
pump services chart (1⁄2" Wirsbo hePEX tubing
E Ceiling Square Footage 136 The flow requirement for the using 100% water).
F BTU/h/ft 2
27.2 loop was determined in Step 9 2. Enter the chart at the calculated
G Active Square Footage 130
(0.71 gpm). Next, determine the flow value (0.71 gpm). For
feet of head pressure drop for the smaller applications such as this,
H Ceiling surface temp. (°F) 95°F
loop. For this exercise, use the round to the next whole tenth
I Tubing size 1
⁄2" charts in Appendix G to calculate value (0.70).
J Differential temp. (°F) 10°F feet of head drop per foot of
L Supply water temp. (°F) 122°F Pressure Loss Per 100 Feet
M Active loop length 195
1
⁄2" Wirsbo hePEX and Uponor AquaPEX (100% Water)
N Leader loop length 46 Head (Feet of Water) Per 100 Feet of Tubing 3
O Total loop length 241 Velocity 40°F 60°F 80°F 100°F 120°F 140°F 160°F 180°F
gpm
(ft/s) 4°C 16°C 27°C 38°C 49°C 60°C 71°C 82°C
P Loop flow in gpm 0.71
0.1 0.18 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05
Q Loop head pressure (ft) 4.8' 0.2 0.36 0.24 0.22 0.21 0.21 0.20 0.19 0.19 0.18
R Loop balancing turns 0.3 0.54 0.52 0.48 0.45 0.44 0.42 0.40 0.40 0.39
0.4 0.72 0.88 0.81 0.77 0.74 0.71 0.69 0.68 0.66
Manifold Totals 0.5 0.91 1.33 1.23 1.16 1.12 1.07 1.04 1.02 1.00
S Supply water temp. (°F) 0.6 1.09 1.86 1.72 1.63 1.57 1.50 1.46 1.43 1.40
0.7 1.27 2.47 2.28 2.17 2.09 2.00 1.94 1.90 1.86
T Manifold flow in gpm 2 4
0.8 1.45 3.17 2.92 2.78 2.68 2.56 2.48 2.44 2.39
0.9 1.63 3.94 3.63 3.45 3.33 3.18 3.09 3.03 2.97
1.0 1.81 4.79 4.42 4.20 4.05 3.87 3.75 3.68 3.61
Procedure: 1.1 1.99 5.71 5.27 5.01 4.83 4.61 4.48 4.39 4.30
1. Find the appropriate chart 1.2 2.17 6.70 6.19 5.88 5.67 5.42 5.26 5.16 5.05
based on the type of fluid used. 1.3 2.35 7.78 7.18 6.82 6.58 6.28 6.10 5.98 5.86
1.4 2.53 8.92 8.23 7.82 7.55 7.20 7.00 6.86 6.72
In this tutorial, use the 100%
1.5 2.72 10.13 9.35 8.88 8.57 8.18 7.95 7.79 7.64
water chart.
1.6 2.90 11.42 10.54 10.01 9.66 9.22 8.96 8.78 8.61
2. Enter the chart at the total 1.7 3.08 12.77 11.79 11.20 10.81 10.32 10.02 9.82 9.63
BTU/h/ft2 load (27.2) in 1.8 3.26 14.20 13.10 12.45 12.01 11.47 11.14 10.92 10.70
the BTU/h/ft2 column. 1.9 3.44 15.69 14.48 13.76 13.28 12.67 12.31 12.07 11.83
3. To obtain the flow value per 2.0 3.62 17.25 15.92 15.13 14.60 13.93 13.54 13.27 13.00
2.1 3.80 18.88 17.43 16.56 15.98 15.25 14.81 14.52 14.23
foot of active tubing, move
2.2 3.98 20.58 18.99 18.04 17.41 16.62 16.15 15.83 15.51
to the right until you intersect
2.3 4.16 22.34 20.62 19.59 18.90 18.04 17.53 17.19 16.84
the column for 8 inches on
2.4 4.35 24.17 22.31 21.20 20.45 19.52 18.97 18.59 18.22
center (0.00365).
2.5 4.53 26.07 24.06 22.86 22.06 21.05 20.45 20.05 19.65
4. Multiply the flow per foot by the 3.0 5.43 36.52 33.72 32.03 30.91 29.50 28.66 28.10 27.53
amount of active loop length 3.5 6.34 48.58 44.84 42.60 41.10 39.24 38.11 37.37 36.62
0.00365 x 195 = 0.71 gpm). 4.0 7.24 62.19 57.41 54.54 52.62 50.23 48.80 47.84 46.88
4.5 8.15 77.33 71.38 67.81 65.43 62.46 60.68 59.49 58.30
Example The flow for the loop 5.0 9.05 93.97 86.74 82.41 79.52 75.90 73.73 72.29 70.84
servicing Bedroom 1 is 0.71 gpm. 5.5 9.96 112.09 103.47 98.30 94.85 90.54 87.95 86.23 84.50
Enter 0.71 gpm in the flow per 6.0 10.86 131.67 121.54 115.47 111.41 106.35 103.31 101.29 99.26
loop cell in the worksheet. Figure 9-6: ½" Wirsbo hePEX Pressure Loss Chart (100% Water)

3. Move right until you intersect on an Uponor manifold is located water temperature for that room.
the appropriate supply water on the return manifold under the The other option is to provide
temperature column (for 122°F, protective plastic cap. To calculate two water temperatures. Careful
use 120°F column). the setting, use the formula below. manifold planning is required for
4. Find the feet of head drop per systems requiring multiple water
Length of loop to
foot of tubing at the intersection be balanced x 4 Number of half turns temperatures.
= from closed position
of the flow row and water Length of longest (balance setting) Compare the various required
temperature column loop/manifold
supply water temperatures and
(2.00 ÷ 100 feet = 0.02). Example select the highest for the project.
5. Multiply the feet of head value Calculate the balance for a 200- Because radiant ceilings are
per foot by the total loop length foot loop with the longest loop in generally designed to an ideal
to determine total feet of head the manifold being 300 feet. load of 40 BTU/h/ft2, supply
for the loop. (200' x 4) ÷ 300 = half turns water temperatures are generally
from closed very similar.
Example 800 ÷ 300 = half turns from closed
0.02 feet of head per foot x 241 2.67 = half turns from closed Enter the system supply water
foot of total loop length = temperature (122°F) into the
4.82 feet of head. To adjust the valve setting for an design worksheet.
individual loop, follow the steps
Note: If the system water listed below. System Flow Requirement
temperature is between two 1. Remove the protective plastic Calculate total flow (for the system
columns, round up or down cap and turn it upside down. or the portion of the system that
to the nearest temperature. 2. Place the cap over the an individual circulator will serve)
If the temperature falls exactly operating pin and insert the for circulator sizing. Add all the
between two columns notch in its slot. individual loop requirements
(110°F for example), use together to determine total flow.
the lower temperature column 3. Close the valve by turning it
(100°F column). clockwise until it stops. Enter the system flow (3.64 gpm)
4. Turn the valve counterclockwise into the design worksheet.
If the feet of head is too great, the calculated number of half
you may need to decrease loop Determining Feet of
turns from the closed position.
length(s), add additional loops Head for System
5. Perform this adjustment for The feet of head for circulator
or increase tubing diameter. If
each loop on the manifold. sizing is the sum of the feet
the total loop length or tubing
diameter changes, recalculate 6. Replace the balancing cap on of head for the heat plant
pressure loss. the manifold and tighten a components, supply piping,
maximum of a half turn or manifolds and the loop in the
Enter the feet of head drop per loop the valve may begin to close. system with the highest feet of
(4.8) into the design worksheet.
head loss (generally the longest
This completes the design of loop). For the Training House,
Selecting the System the loop with the highest feet of
Bedroom 1. Once all rooms are
designed and calculated for the
Water Temperature head is the Dining/Kitchen loop
Training House tutorial, check The supply water temperature used with 4.1 feet of head.
your answers on page 110. Then, in a single-temperature system
is the highest required water Do not calculate pressure loss for
perform the initial flow balancing
temperature of any individual each loop and add them together.
and determine the system totals.
room or area. In some instances, Find the loop with the highest feet
the highest water temperature of head and add that to the feet of
Performing Initial Flow required may be too high for head of the system components.
Balance Calculations other areas of the building. If the Make your calculations using the
highest water temperature exceeds correct supply water temperature.
In order to ensure adequate flow
among the varying loop lengths of all other water temperatures by Enter the system feet of head
1¼" Brass Manifolds, they must more than 20°F to 25°F, take drop (4.1 ft hd) into the design
be balanced. The balance valve steps to decrease the supply worksheet.

In order to size the circulator for The Complete Design
this level of the training house, all The following is the room schedule
the head pressure drops before and for the main floor of the Uponor
after the manifold location must be Training House. The floor plan and
added together to determine the heat-loss information appear on
total head drop. To properly size pages 101 to 109. To complete
the circulator, identify the total the design, use the radiant ceiling
system flow and head. worksheet found in Appendix B.
The final step is to follow See pages 110 and 111 for
the manufacturer’s circulator the completed tutorial design
performance curves to determine calculations and tubing layout.
which circulator provides the
correct flow and feet of head
capacity. When designing a system
with multiple circulators, determine
the flow and feet of head
separately for each circulator.
Room Schedule
Bedroom 2 160 ft 2
Bedroom 3 183 ft 2
Living Room 260 ft 2
¾" oak
Kitchen/Dining 260 ft 2
¾" oak
Bath/Laundry 150 ft 2
Bedroom 4 209 ft 2
Bath 2 75 ft2
Family Room 270 ft2 ¼" nylon saxony with ¼" bonded urethane
Recreation Room 270 ft2 ¼" nylon saxony with ¼" bonded urethane
Storage 383 ft 2
No floor covering
Window Schedule
Door Schedule
Door 1 — 6'0" x 7'0" Sliding, double pane, wood frame R-1.82
Door 2 — 3'0" x 7'0" Metal with urethane core R-5.29

A A A A 1 A
A
Bedroom 1 Bath 1 Laundry Dining Kitchen

12' x 10' 7'6" x 10' 7'6" x 10' 10' x 13' 10' x 13'
—
8' x 2'
8' x 2'
Chapter 9 – Radiant Ceiling System Design

10' x 2'
Bedroom 2 Bedroom 3 Living
A
12' x 12' 12'6" x 13' 3' x 2' 20' x 13'
B B B B B B B B
101
110
Radiant Ceiling Design Worksheet
Project Name: Training House Manifold Number: 1 Note: Ensure insulation between floors is at least R-19. Ensure ceiling exposed to the attic is at least R-38 (higher if required by code).
A Room name Bedroom 1 Laun/Bath Din/Kit Living Room Bedroom 3 Bedroom 2
B Room setpoint temp. (°F) 70°F 70°F 70°F 70°F 70°F 70°F
C Zone number 1 2 3 4 6 6
D BTU/h 3,533 1,822 4,252 4,177 2,122 3,506
E Ceiling square footage 136 150 260 266 183 165
F BTU/h/ft2 27 40 40 40 40 22
G Active square footage 130 47 106 105 53 155
H Ceiling surface temp. (°F) 87°F 95°F 95°F 95°F 95°F 84°F
I Tubing size ½" ½" ½" ½" ½" ½"
J Differential temp. (°F) 10°F 10°F 10°F 10°F 10°F 10°F
K Tubing o.c. distance (in) 8" 8" 8" 8" 8" 8"
L Supply water temp. (°F) 122°F 117°F 117°F 117°F 117°F 113°F
M Active loop length 195 47 106 105 53 232
N Leader loop length 46 30 38 25 25 50
O Total loop length 241 77 144 130 78 282
P Loop flow in gpm 0.72 0.38 0.86 0.85 0.43 0.72
Q Feet of head drop per loop 4.4 0.5 4.1 3.7 0.7 5.2
R Loop balancing turns 3.8 2.1 4.0 3.6 2.2 3.8
Manifold Totals
AE
nter the name of the room. The room may G If Row F was obtained through dividing by 40, KT
ubing o.c. distance is 12" for all radiant Q Use the values in Rows I, L and P with
have more than one loop. then divide Row E by 40. If Row F was greater ceiling applications. Appendix G to obtain the feet of head
than 40 BTU/h/ft2, then enter the value from pressure drop per foot. Next, multiply this

BR
oom setpoint temperature is normally L Use information from Rows F and J with
70°F for radiant ceiling. Row E. Appendix E to obtain the supply water value by Row O to obtain the feet of head
—
H Row F divided by 1.6 plus the value in temperature. drop per loop.
C Zone is equal to thermostat. First zone is 1.
Row B equals the ceiling surface temperature. M Multiply Row G by the on-center R These cells are calculated after the
DE
nter the “Total Unit Load” value from ADS Do not exceed 100°F for ceilings at 8 feet or design is completed. Use the formula:
printout in BTU/h. factor of 1.5.
less. Do not exceed 110°F for ceilings greater (current loop value in Row O x 4) /
E Enter the ceiling square footage. than 8 feet. N Multiply the all-inclusive distance from loop in longest loop length on the manifold.
the room to the respective manifold by 2.
F Divide Row D by Row E. If value is less than IE
nter the size of PEX tubing for project S Enter highest temperature from Row L.
40 BTU/h/ft2, divide Row D by 40. (½" Wirsbo hePEX tubing). O Use formula: (Row M + Row N) = total
loop length. T Add all values in Row P.
J Use 10°F differential temperature for all U Enter highest value from Row Q.
www.uponorpro.com
radiant ceiling applications. PU
se the values in Rows F and L with
Appendix F to obtain the flow per loop.
A A A A 1 A
A

7'6" x 10' 7'6" x 10' Dining Kitchen
12' x 10'
10' x 13'
—
10' x 13'
8' x 2'
8' x 2'

Bedroom 3 Living
Bedroom 2
A
12'6" x 13' 20' x 13'
10' x 2'
12' x 12'
3' x 2'
B B B B B B B B
111
112
Project Name: __________________________ Manifold Number: _____ Note: Ensure insulation between floors is at least R-19. Ensure ceiling exposed to the attic is at least R-38 (higher if required by code).
A Room name
C Zone number
D BTU/h
E Ceiling square footage
F BTU/h/ft2
G Active square footage
H Ceiling surface temp. (°F)
I Tubing size
O Total loop length
P Loop flow in gpm
Q Feet of head drop per loop
Manifold Totals
AE

BR
oom setpoint temperature is normally than 40 BTU/h/ft2, then enter the value from L Use information from Rows F and J with pressure drop per foot. Next, multiply this
—
Row B equals the ceiling surface temperature. M Multiply Row G by the on-center R These cells are calculated after the
DE
E Enter the ceiling square footage. than 8 feet. NM
ultiply the all-inclusive distance from loop in longest loop length on the manifold.
nter the size of PEX tubing for project SE
40 BTU/h/ft2, divide Row D by 40. (½" Wirsbo hePEX tubing). OU
J Use 10°F differential temperature for all
www.uponorpro.com
PU
se the values in Rows F and L with U Enter highest value from Row Q.
radiant ceiling applications.
Chapter 10
Commercial Radiant Heating and Cooling Applications
This chapter summarizes aspects Commercial Design lower overall heat load per square
of radiant floor design that are Considerations foot. Lower heat loads offer some
specific to commercial projects. opportunity to reduce the heated
A commercial building design is
Before reading this chapter, study floor area in the building. Less
the art of balancing heat losses
Chapters 7 and 8 to obtain more heated area reduces the overall
with heat gains in a manner that
detailed information about heat cost of a project. A room-by-room
provides a consistent temperature.
loss and radiant floor design. heat-loss analysis identifies those
Chapter 8 provides step-by-step areas with little or no heat loss.
Heat Loss
instructions for the design process Some internal rooms may not
and explains how to correctly Commercial buildings experience require heat.
calculate surface temperature, the same envelope losses
as residential buildings. The Envelope losses are not the
water temperature, fluid flow
thermodynamics of commercial only losses to consider in
and head pressure. The design
buildings are easily calculated commercial buildings. In general,
process is essentially the same for
with the Advanced Design SuiteTM the greatest single heat loss
commercial as for residential.
(ADS) software program. However, results from air exchanges.
Take note to use the correct
charts as necessary. commercial buildings differ
from residential buildings in the Air Exchange
magnitude of heat loss. Air exchange requirements are
Commercial high for buildings in which fumes
The ratio of floor surface area to
Radiant Cooling exterior surface area is generally
from automotive exhaust, paint,
Hydronic radiant cooling has adhesives, etc. are present.
larger in commercial buildings than
significant potential for reducing Buildings that house industrial
in residential ones. The result is
space-conditioning energy
use while improving indoor
environmental quality (IEQ).
Radiant cooling uses active
surfaces to absorb thermal energy
and remove it from a space
— more or less the inverse of
radiant heating systems. In the
case of radiant cooling, thermal
energy flows from the occupants,
equipment, lights and other
interior surfaces to the actively
cooled surface. Since there are
typically internal latent loads
(humidity) from occupants and
infiltration, plus sensible and latent
loads associated with outside
ventilation air, radiant cooling is
often part of a hybrid system that
includes conditioning of ventilation
air to address these loads.
Complete Design Assistance Manual — Chapter 10 – Commercial Radiant Heating and Cooling Applications 113
processes often need a high the minimum CFM of fresh Therefore, an additional 4,380
number of air exchanges because air for the particular type of BTU/h is required to offset the
of chemical use. These types structure, and the activity levels, load from the introduction of
of commercial buildings require of the occupants. fresh air into the classroom.
heated make-up air to counter
For example, a particular The best way to provide the
the loss from fresh air intake.
mechanical code requires a additional heat is through the use
Air exchange requirements are minimum of 10 CFM per student of a hydronic fan coil in the air
also affected by the occupancy in a classroom. If the projected exchange ductwork. The fan coil
of commercial buildings. Many maximum number of persons is controlled from an air discharge
buildings are designed to in the classroom is 30, the sensor. This control strategy
accommodate a large number minimum requirement is 300 CFM. adjusts to changes in the outside
of people. These buildings must Therefore, the air handling system temperature, as well as intermittent
provide adequate air exchanges to must provide 300 CFM of fresh operation of the ventilation system.
keep the air fresh. Air exchanges air. This is much smaller than a
Other significant losses may exist
remove both the heat and moisture similar system using forced-air heat
in commercial buildings as a result
produced by occupants. distribution, where the air handling
of the activity that takes place
system must also move sufficient
Most air exchange requirements within the building.
air to heat the structure.
are stated as “must be capable of
providing at least X number of air Heat Requirements for
Note: Smoke-free designated
changes per hour.” This statement Additional Internal Loads
buildings require fewer air
does not mean the air exchange Fresh air infiltration rates are
exchanges than buildings
system must continually operate very high when large doors are
where smoking is permitted.
at these exchange rates. Some opened. Shipping and receiving
The requirement for buildings
buildings have high air exchange areas are a perfect example.
where smoking is permitted
requirements even though When loading dock doors are
may be five times higher than
they rarely meet the maximum open, the heating load increases
in a building designated as
occupancy rates. Gymnasiums, greatly. Receiving large quantities
a smoke-free environment.
churches, stadiums and other of cold, raw materials also places
Many state and local building
similar buildings should only a large internal heating load on
governments are legislating
operate at maximum air exchange the building. The heating load
smoke-free environments in
rates when they are filled to from cold objects is calculated
public buildings.
capacity. When the building is by multiplying the weight of
not filled to maximum occupancy, the object by its specific heat
the air exchange rate should be Additional Heat Requirements and again by the differential
proportionately reduced to reduce for Air Exchanges temperature.
the heating load and increase The introduction of fresh air from
outside the building results in an Example: A 40,000-pound
operating efficiency.
additional heating load. In the delivery of iron with a specific
When designing a commercial previous example, 300 CFM is heat of 0.12 BTU/h/lb and a
radiant floor heating system, equal to 18,000 cubic feet per differential temperature of
it is helpful to understand the hour, and the heat ability of air 60°F results in an approximate
proper method of computing air is 0.0182 BTU per cubic foot per load of 288,000 BTU/h.
exchanges. Since the air handling degree Fahrenheit. Therefore, the (40,000 lb x 0.12 BTU/h/lb) x
system is not used in combination air exchange requires 327.6 BTU 60°F = 288,000 BTU/h
with forced-air heating, it is for every degree Fahrenheit that
much smaller and less costly. Air the incoming air is below room Airplane hangars and vehicle repair
exchange requirements, expressed setpoint. If the incoming air is facilities contain similar loads. Cold,
in cubic feet per minute (CFM) 50°F below setpoint, then about heavy machinery adds internal
of outside air, are stated in any 16,380 BTU/h is needed to offset loads that the heating system must
locally accepted mechanical code. the load. Each student adds about overcome. Some of these loads
The actual requirements are 400 BTU/h from normal body are offset by engines and other
based on the maximum number heat, accounting for approximately components that may add heat
of occupants multiplied by 12,000 BTU/h for 30 occupants. during operation.
114 Chapter 10 – Commercial Radiant Heating and Cooling Applications — www.uponorpro.com

Radiant floor heating systems are in this type of construction are • Placing the tubing in a concrete
uniquely capable of recovering carefully calculated. An engineer’s slab with a minimum 1½-inch
setpoint temperature after an involvement is essential to ensure cover over the top
influx of cold air. The concrete the integrity of the structure.
Insulate the decking to prevent
mass takes a considerable time
excessive downward heat transfer.
to cool off. As a result, when the Concrete Floor Construction
in Commercial Buildings Ensure the insulation R-value is
doors of an airplane hangar close,
at least equivalent to the
the temperature quickly returns Typical concrete commercial
composite R-value above.
to setpoint because the heat is floors include pour-in-place slabs,
Be alert for situations in the
retained in the concrete. composite beam construction,
structure where heat may conduct
precast concrete planking with an
Internal gains in commercial through the steel structure to
overpour and post-tensioned slabs.
buildings also result from activities the outside without an adequate
within the building. For example, Pour-in-place Slabs — Pour- thermal break.
fleet parking facilities that bring in-place slabs are placed on
Precast Concrete Planks —
in warm vehicles may experience compacted earth or on planking
Precast concrete construction
an overall heat gain from their above grade. Radiant floor heating
consists of pre-formed concrete
operations. Often these same is easily integrated into pour-
planks delivered to the
gains exist in residential buildings, in-place slabs and is generally
construction site and put in place.
but the levels of activity within reinforced with steel bars or 6x6
Two ways to install a radiant
the commercial building make the wire mesh. The reinforcement
floor system over precast
factors much more significant. provides a convenient fastening
concrete include:
system to support the tubing
Another example of an internal 1. Lay wire mesh over the concrete
prior to the pour. Minimum cover
gain is lighting and electrical and pour over the top.
for tubing is detailed in the local
appliances. Every kilowatt of
building codes. Generally, pour 2. Place high-density foam
electrical energy use not vented to
a minimum of 1½ inches of insulation over the precast
the exterior results in 3,412 BTU/h
concrete over the top of the tubing concrete and staple the tubing
of heat. The constant use of tools,
when the slab is exposed to the to the insulation. Insulation
machinery, lighting, hot water
soil or weather (1997 UBC Sec. placed between the precast
and even refrigeration produces
1906.3.10.). When the slab is not planks and the overpour reduces
considerable heat energy.
exposed to the soil or weather, the thermal transfer to the
Fossil-fuel burning tools and a ¾-inch concrete pour over the concrete planks and increases
appliances such as ovens, ranges, tubing is generally acceptable the response capability of the
torches and dryers also produce (1997 UBC Sec. 1906.3.10.). heated overpour. Generally, the
large amounts of heat energy. concrete pour over precast with
Composite Beam Construction
Consider subtracting that amount radiant floor tubing is ¾ inch
— In composite beam
from the heat load. over the top of the tubing.
construction, slabs are poured over
Heat gains, such as fireplaces, are decking and supported by planking Post-tensioned Concrete Slabs
also considered supplemental heat. on concrete or steel beams. In — Post-tensioned concrete slabs
Subtract these gains from the total composite beam construction, are those in which tendons are
heat loss. Information on adding place the tubing on the steel placed within the slab prior to the
supplemental heat (subtracting decking prior to the pour, and pour. After the pour is sufficiently
from the total heat load) is secure to wire mesh. Typically, cured, the tendons are tightened
available in the heat-loss section weld the wire to the decking. to very high stresses, placing the
of the ADS software. Avoid diminishing the structural entire slab under a compressive
integrity by: load. Do not place the tubing near
• Placing the radiant tubing the tendons without the approval
Structural Factors in of the structural engineer. Radiant
parallel to the beams
Commercial Buildings (perpendicular to the deck) floor tubing is often installed
Commercial buildings are within a second pour over the top
• Keeping sufficient distance
generally constructed with of the post-tensioned slab.
outside the effective design
concrete floors and concrete or
width which is (2 x span)/8
steel structures. The stresses
See Chapter 6 for more Fire-rated Structures See Chapter 12 for more
information on the various Many commercial buildings are information about controls for
installation methods for Uponor fire rated according to the activity radiant floor heating systems.
radiant floor heating systems. within or the occupancy of the
building. Fire-rated structures Acceleration
Under-slab Insulation require firewalls that do not allow
Insulation below heated concrete Large-mass radiant slabs respond
fire or smoke to spread past them
slabs must withstand the weight of at a predictable rate when heat
for a period of time. Firewall
the slab along with any additional energy is applied to them. Consider
penetrations must be rated so
dead or live loads. When concrete the acceleration rate in the control
they do not reduce the overall
is applied over the insulation, the strategy. Because concrete weighs
rating of the wall. Install fire
weight of the concrete causes approximately 120 pounds per
penetration devices in accordance
the insulation to compress. The cubic foot and has a specific heat
with the manufacturers’
amount of compression depends amount of about 0.21 BTU/h/lb,
recommendations. Note that
on the weight of the concrete, the the amount of energy necessary
fire-stop materials designed for
thickness of the insulation and the to accelerate radiant slabs of
metal pipe penetrations are not
compressibility of the insulation. various thickness can be calculated
necessarily suitable for PEX
(assuming there is adequate
Although compression reduces tubing. See Chapter 3 for a list
insulation below to prevent
the insulating effect of the foam, of firestop materials.
downward loss).
it presents little structural effect
• A 4-inch slab requires about
because it remains relatively Controls for Commercial 8.4 BTU/h/ft2 to accelerate 1°F
constant over the life of the
Radiant Floor Systems • A 5-inch slab requires about
structure. A more important
structural factor is the long-term Control of a commercial building 10.5 BTU/h/ft2 to accelerate 1°F
compressive creep that occurs is similar to that of a residential
• A 6-inch slab requires about
within the insulation. Creep building except that the controls
12.6 BTU/h/ft2 to accelerate 1°F
should be accommodated in are integrated with air handling
systems designed to provide air • A 7-inch slab requires about
the ability of the slab to move 14.7 BTU/h/ft2 to accelerate 1°F
relative to the plane of its surface. exchanges. Many commercial
Foam insulation manufacturers buildings feature computer • An 8-inch slab requires about
provide specific recommendations interfacing input/output devices 16.8 BTU/h/ft2 to accelerate 1°F
regarding the limits of live and used for that purpose. It is • A 9-inch slab requires about
dead loads, compressive creep important that such systems 18.9 BTU/h/ft2 to accelerate 1°F
and the proper application of do not work against each other,
causing excess energy use. Average water temperature has
their products. Check with the
the greatest effect on acceleration.
foam insulation manufacturer
Average water temperature
for more information.
is increased by increasing the
Average Water Temperature supply water temperature and/or
140°F 120°F 115°F 110°F decreasing the return differential
25
temperature (increasing flow). It
100°F is best to provide the maximum
20
supply water temperature during
Change in BTU/H Load
90°F
acceleration phases. The graph in
15 Figure 10-1 shows acceleration
times at various increases in
10 heating load for various average
water temperatures. The higher the
5 average water temperature, the
shorter time required to accelerate.
As the building reaches maximum
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 design load, the acceleration
Data accurate for 4" slab acceleration Hours requirements are negligible.
Figure 10-1: Acceleration Times

Tubing Installation
Options
Several factors determine how
much tubing is needed for
installation. The following sections
provide some general guidelines.
Refer to the Uponor ADS software
to determine the amount of
required tubing.
Full Coverage — Use full
coverage when the major heat
load is evenly distributed, such
as when internal heat loads and/
or unheated air exchanges are
excessively high or when high-
resistance floor coverings are used.
The full coverage option features
tubing installed 12 inches on 1. Building square footage: 9,375 4. Number of loops: 28
center throughout the entire floor.
2. Tubing installed on center: 12" 5. Number of manifold locations: 4
Perimeter-only Coverage — 3. Feet of tubing installed: 9,016 6. Number of zones: 3
To determine the suitability of
Figure 10-2: Full Coverage Tubing Installation
a perimeter-only design, use
the heat-loss section of the
Uponor ADS software. The goal
is to increase the heated floor
surface area of the room without
exceeding the floor temperature
or supply water temperature
limitations. For perimeter-only
coverage, install tubing inside and
along the perimeter walls of the
building. Do not install tubing in
the interior areas of the room.
Commercial and industrial projects
usually install minimal floor
coverings, resulting in diminished
upward resistance to heat transfer.
This improves the effectiveness of
the radiant floor system so that
perimeter-only designs are both
effective and efficient.
1. Building square footage: 9,375 4. Number of loops: 18

2. Tubing installed on center: 12" 5. Number of manifold locations: 2
3. Feet of tubing installed: 4,860 6. Number of zones: 1
Figure 10-3: Perimeter-only Coverage Tubing Installation
Varied Coverage — Use this
method when the major heat load
is at the perimeter, but a small
load is anticipated in the interior
of the building. Small loads may
come from air changes or heat
losses through the ceiling. Install
the tubing 12 inches on center
near the perimeter and at increased
distances (18 to 24 inches on
center) in the interior areas.
Reduced Coverage — Use this
method when the heat loss is
minimal and evenly distributed
throughout the building. Install
the tubing throughout the floor
at distances greater than 12 inches
on center.
1. Building square footage: 9,375 4. Number of loops: 32
2. Tubing installed on center: 12" and 18" 5. Number of manifold locations: 4 Tubing Layout Patterns
3. Feet of tubing installed: 7,624 6. Number of zones: 1 The designer determines the
tubing layout pattern for a specific
Figure 10-4: Varied Coverage Tubing Installation
project. Although the pattern
is influenced by a number of
factors, some general guidelines
are helpful.
The most significant envelope heat
losses occur near the exterior walls,
especially near exterior windows
and doors. Begin the tubing run in
these areas. Additionally, shorter
tubing runs in high heat-loss areas
result in higher average water
temperatures. Higher average
water temperatures satisfy the
heat load faster.
When the primary heat loss of
the structure is from the building
envelope, areas without exterior
walls or ceilings have little or no
heat loss and do not need to be
heated. The only exception is to
1. Building square footage: 9,375 4. Number of loops: 26 counter the effects of unheated
2. Tubing installed on center: 18" 5. Number of manifold locations: 4 make-up air. Again, the ADS
design software identifies areas
3. Feet of tubing installed: 6,075 6. Number of zones: 1
that do not require heat.
Figure 10-5: Reduced Coverage Tubing Installation
Tall buildings typically produce
diminishing heat loads at the
upper levels due to the buoyancy
of heated air.

Uponor recommends full tubing The reverse-return header system: The mat is available in the
coverage for shipping and receiving • Is self-balancing following construction options:
areas. Infiltration from open doors, • Length: Customizable from
• Prevents long leader lengths and
additional heat loss from cold 40 to 225 feet
crowding near wall-mounted
materials entering the building,
manifolds • Width: From 5 to 10 feet
and the loss of effective floor area
due to materials placed on the • Economizes design by requiring • Tubing: Wirsbo hePEXTM (oxygen
floor that reduce heat transfer fewer wall manifolds barrier) or Uponor AquaPEX®
all contribute to the heat load of • Offers space savings as wall (barrier-free), 1⁄2" or 5⁄8" tubing
shipping and receiving areas. manifolds can be eliminated • Distribution Flow Options:
Full tubing coverage is also • Reduces length of distribution 1) In-slab with ¾" reverse-
recommended for restrooms, piping (less branch distribution return header option or 2) Wall
showers and locker rooms because piping to wall manifolds) manifold featuring the Uponor
of the high air exchange rates and TruFLOWTM Classic
The reverse-return header is a
because people often wear little • Supports: Acetal polymer
feature of the Uponor Radiant
or no clothing in these areas. SpaceGuard support braces with
Rollout Mat, which is shown in
pre-drilled holes for stake and
Never overlook the possibility Figure 10-6.
anchor points
that the original intended use
The reverse-return header in
of a building may change in the The Uponor Radiant Rollout Mat
the mat uses 3⁄4" tubing and can
future. Design the system so offers the following advantages in
connect to either 1⁄2" or 5⁄8" tubing
that adequate heat is provided commercial installations:
using Uponor Engineered Plastic
regardless of the intended use. • Reduces installation time by
(EP) Reducing Tee fittings. Each
mat is equipped with one supply- up to 85% versus conventional
Distribution and-return line and SpaceGuard installation methods
Flow Options support strips that allow tubing in • Reduces installation errors,
the mat to be accurately spaced promotes worker safety and
Reverse-return Header System
and fastened. Mats are pre- offers fast commissioning and
with Radiant Rollout™ Mat —
pressurized at the factory. Figure start up through pre-fabrication
Commercial buildings are a prime
10-7 shows a two-dimensional and pre-pressurized testing
candidate for value engineering
drawing of a reverse-return • Features durable Uponor
the water distribution system that
header system. The system uses ProPEX® fittings, which are
supplies radiant tubing and panels.
one central wall manifold, which approved for direct burial. The
A self-balancing reverse-return
serves as an origination for the EP fittings used in the reverse-
header system can be specified
distribution flow system. There are return header assembly are
to reduce the number of wall
four mats with the reverse-return approved with listings from
manifolds and wall-manifold loops
header connected to the central the International Association
that are needed to balance and
wall manifold; each mat contains of Plumbing and Mechanical
distribute water to tubing loops.
10 single-pass loops. Officials (IAMPO) [International
This type of system can save
money by simplifying and reducing Mechanical Code (IMC)
the amount of distribution piping
from the heating and cooling
sources in the mechanical room.
In those commercial buildings,
or zones within buildings, that
lack adequate space to install
wall manifolds, the self-balancing
reverse-return header system
can increase available space and
eliminate difficult decisions on how
and where to place wall manifolds.
Figure 10-6: Uponor Radiant Rollout Mat
compliant] and NSF International The advantages of a reverse-return Conventional Wall Manifolds
[Uniform Mechanical Code distribution system are the same as — Commercial distribution flow
(UMC) compliant] those listed for the reverse-return systems have traditionally been
• Helps projects stay on schedule header. designed with wall manifolds.
• Self-balancing Uponor offers the following types
• Reduces and eliminates
of wall manifolds:
tubing waste • Prevents long leader lengths and
crowding near wall-mounted • TruFLOW Classic R32/R20/R32
• Comes with Uponor design and
manifolds (21 gpm)
technical support assistance
• Economizes design by requiring • TruFLOW Jr. R32/R20/R32
For any questions about Uponor (14 gpm)
fewer wall manifolds
Radiant Rollout Mats or for design
• Offers space savings as wall • Engineered Plastic (EP) Heating
assistance to quote a project,
manifolds can be eliminated Manifolds R32/R20/R32
contact Uponor Technical Services
(14 gpm)
toll free at 888.594.7726. • Reduces length of distribution
piping (less branch distribution Refer to Chapter 4 for more
Reverse-return Header System
piping to wall manifolds) information about Uponor wall
with Tubing Modules — A self-
manifolds.
balancing reverse-return header
system can also be customized
using a tubing module. The tubing
is laid out in a “module” pattern, as
shown in Figures 10-8 and 10-9.
Figure 10-8
Figure 10-7
Figure 10-9

HDPE Manifolds — Uponor
offers high-density polyethylene
(HDPE) manifolds, which are
effective distribution flow products
for large snow-melt and turf-
conditioning projects. The HDPE
manifolds are valve-less manifolds
manufactured with ¾" or 1"
stainless steel ProPEX fittings.
The HDPE manifolds are typically Commercial
buried and can be designed with Building Zones
HDPE leader piping to provide a
Zone Selection – Those areas
reverse-return type of system.
similar in terms of heat loss and
Refer to Chapter 4 for more heat gain that can be controlled Manifold Pressure Bypass –
information about Uponor HDPE from the same thermostat. For Large commercial projects often
manifolds. more detailed information on zone require large circulator pumps.
selection, see Chapter 11. When a small zone calls for heat,
Copper Manifolds — Uponor
offers 2" copper manifolds that are Zone Control – Commercial release the excess pressure from
effective distribution flow products projects typically involve large the pump through a pressure
for large commercial and snow- panel areas, so the use of actuators bypass. In systems with short
melt projects, handling flows up on individual loops is usually distribution piping to the manifold,
to 45 gpm. The copper manifold impractical. The alternative is install a bypass in the mechanical
offers economic advantages when to zone by manifold using zone room near the circulator. In systems
combined with a reverse-return valves or zone circulators. Small with long or large distribution
Radiant Rollout Mat or tubing independent areas on the same piping to the manifolds, install
module system. Significant flow manifold, such as restrooms a bypass near the manifold. A
can be balanced, controlled and and conference rooms, can be bypass at the manifold allows
distributed through a copper sub-zoned with individual heat energy to reach the zone
manifold and then routed to a self- thermostats and actuators to more rapidly than if the flow for a
balancing tubing layout. Copper meet their requirements. In any single zone was used to fill a large
manifolds come with the following case, the Uponor manifold system distribution pipe.
accessories: ball valves, balancing is extremely versatile and able
valves, and end caps with vent to accommodate virtually any
and drain. Copper manifolds are control strategy.
available in 5⁄8", 3⁄4", R20 and
R25 sizes.
Refer to Chapter 4 for more
information about Uponor
copper manifolds.
Chapter 11
When planning and designing a the heated air (the medium for natural capacitor effect, a radiant
hydronic radiant heating system, heating) is lost to the outside. panel is not as sensitive to supply
it is important to consider design In contrast, radiant systems heat water temperature fluctuations as
options that support the intended objects, not air. As a result it is not baseboard convectors or radiators.
need of the customer and the necessary to overdesign systems.
type of heat source available
to the system. Radiant systems Composition
are significantly different from Surface Area Radiant panels effectively
other hydronic or forced-air The surface area of a radiant panel use all three forms of heat
heating systems. system is relatively large compared transfer: radiation, conduction
to other methods of radiant and convection. The unique
Differences include: heating, such as baseboards and composition of radiant panel heat
• A relatively large size of the radiators. Therefore, the heat transfer results in a comfortable
heat transfer surface required per square foot of heated environment at lower room air
• The panel’s ability to absorb and surface and the corresponding temperatures because a radiant
disperse surges or fluctuations surface temperature is much lower. panel produces more consistent
in supply water temperature mean radiant temperatures than
(capacitor effect) other types of heating systems.
Capacitor Effect
• A relative composition of the Because the radiant panel is Remember also that hot air —
heat transfer (i.e., conduction, massive, its surface temperature not heat — rises. Radiant systems
radiation and convection) as does not change instantly when are successful because the heat
it relates to how the human heat is introduced. Instead, the transfers primarily through
body perceives thermal comfort mass of the system (as well as conduction and radiation. The
normal resistance) spreads the amount of convective transfer
It is important to realize that is minimal from radiant systems.
heat. Internally, heat disperses
the strategies used in forced- Consider the fact that the
until the mass reaches capacity
air systems are not necessarily majority of radiant systems
while gradually transferring heat
applicable for radiant systems. The operate with surface temperatures
to the space. Because of this
way in which energy is evaluated
and managed is on a more finite
level with radiant systems. The
temperature in one room will not
impact the temperature in the next
room. This is why it is easier and
less inexpensive to zone a radiant
system than a forced-air system.
Since most people like to sleep
in a cooler room, bedrooms can
be set to a lower setpoint
temperature than common-use
areas (e.g., kitchen, family room).
The air exchange in a structure
does not affect radiant systems in
the same way it affects forced-air
systems. Forced-air systems use
heated air circulating within the
structure to heat objects. If a door
is opened in a forced-air system,
Complete Design Assistance Manual — Chapter 11 – Design Considerations 123

between 75°F to 80°F. Very little radiant floors with low R-value that make proper zoning critical.
convective action is moving from floor coverings. An industrial plant may house
a panel at that temperature. equipment that significantly
contributes to the heat in the
Use Patterns building or the heat load of the
Zone Selection The use of a building can affect building. Industrial processes
A zone is an area of a radiant floor the desired setpoint temperature often produce heat that can be
or ceiling served by one or more and the heat load. Analyze the recovered in heat exchangers
tubing loops and controlled by a intended use of each area before and used to supply warm water to
dedicated thermostat. Consider selecting zones. In many situations, the radiant panel.
the following issues when use patterns will change over
determining zones. the life of the building. Design
the zones with some flexibility to Internal Gains
Heat Loss accommodate potential changes. and Losses
Place areas with different heat Take into account additional
Residential – The use patterns
losses in separate zones. heat gains and losses when
of homes cover a wide range of
For example, a room with a determining zones.
possibilities. The age of residents
10 BTU/h/ft2 heat loss and one
as well as the types of activities In residential structures, additional
with a 25 BTU/h/ft2 heat loss
in the home can vary greatly. gains may result from cooking,
should be in different zones.
For example, high-energy use bathing or mechanical equipment.
patterns, such as cleaning, exercise, Additional losses may result from
Floor Construction
children’s play, etc., may require frequently used doors.
Place areas with different floor cooler temperatures. Low-energy
constructions in separate zones. activities, such as reading and In commercial and industrial
For example, do not zone rooms watching television may require structures, additional gains may
constructed over a concrete higher temperatures. Additionally, result from industrial processes,
slab (heavy-floor construction) clothing is also something to mechanical equipment or lighting.
with rooms constructed over consider. Some rooms may need Additional losses may result
suspended wood floors to be warmer or cooler (e.g., from introducing cold vehicles
(light-floor construction) bathrooms versus living rooms). or materials.
with aluminum plates. Rooms unused for extended Consider zoning areas exposed
Heavy construction contains a periods of time are often zoned to different solar conditions
great mass and uses large or thick separately, so the temperatures can separately. Solar gain is influenced
concrete slabs. More energy is be set lower to conserve energy by the orientation of the building,
required to accelerate the mass and and reduce operating costs. length of the eaves and the
increase the temperature; similarly, Commercial – A commercial amount of window area. Windows
more time is required to decelerate building usually centers on one or that provide a heat gain when it is
the slab or reduce the temperature. two activities, such as shopping, sunny become a significant heat
eating or entertainment. Consider loss when there is no solar gain.
Light construction contains less
the activities when determining The presence of large windows or
mass and uses suspended wood
zones. Also consider that the significant window area increases
floors with heat emission plates
commercial buildings house a the need for precise local zone
or a poured-floor underlayment
variety of businesses or enterprises control. Window coverings
and radiant ceiling. Less energy is
over time, and use patterns may are useful for controlling solar
required to increase temperature
significantly change with each exposure and window heat loss.
and less time is required to
decrease temperature. Low-mass new occupant. Zones should be
construction provides a quick versatile enough to accommodate
response, but may be subject changes in the use patterns.
to hot spots when supplied Industrial – Industrial buildings
with sudden increases in water usually house a process that
temperature. Radiant ceiling is dictates zone requirements.
especially sensitive to excessive The process may necessitate
supply water temperature as are temperature and air changes
124 Chapter 11 – Design Considerations — www.uponorpro.com

Chapter 12
Control Strategies
This chapter discusses control radiant panel systems than local Two conditions must be met to
strategies for hydronic radiant zone control. Local control is achieve good local zone control.
systems. Uponor offers a defined as a thermostat in a room • First, supply water temperature
comprehensive line of controls that determines when the room is must be limited to no more
from thermostats for local not within an acceptable margin than the maximum required for
zone control to supply water of the setpoint and sends a signal the highest heat load served.
temperature control as well as a that heating or cooling is needed. Using the highest required
network-based system that can water temperature for a given
The local thermostat monitors the
control a wide range of HVAC area brings the system to within
climate of the room. It recognizes a
functions. Understanding the the “control authority” of the
reduction in the heat requirement
available options and selecting thermostat. Large projects
due to solar gain, high occupancy
the appropriate approach for a with multiple heat plants and/
or internal gains, and responds
given project are key to a properly or tempering devices very
by not calling for heat. The local
controlled radiant heating system. often use several supply water
zone thermostat also recognizes
the need for additional heat temperatures for different areas
Local Zone Control when the outdoor temperature of the building. The correct
drops, curtains are opened or cold supply water temperature
Good control logic requires
materials are introduced into an should be maintained by
accurate information to respond
area. A local zone thermostat also using mixing devices, such
with a logical control action.
provides the homeowner with the as tempering valves, modulating
Control action should be based
means to easily change the room valves, injection pumps or
on information (e.g., a call for
setpoint temperature according modulating-condensing boilers.
heat) that has a direct relationship
to personal preference. All of these components have
to the item controlled (e.g., the
the ability to maintain a
application of heat). No logic is
desired water temperature at
more appropriate for hydronic
a specific condition.
Complete Design Assistance Manual — Chapter 12 – Control Strategies 125

• Second, the control input Uponor WT series thermostats are The Uponor Climate CŏntrolTM
and output logic must be digital and use an integrated circuit Network System uses thermostats
equipped with appropriate and board. WT series thermostats with a modified version of the
synchronized mechanisms for provide a simple switched output MRT sensor, and it operates
anticipating and distributing (or contact) that closes to and communicates slightly
heat. These devices should be operate other devices that differently. The air sensor, or
precisely engineered to work provide heating or cooling. thermistor, is set against the inside
together. Because radiant panel Uponor also offers wireless cover using a heat-conductive
systems can be either high thermostats that can transmit compound. These thermostats
mass or low mass, and because a heating or cooling call up operate heating and other HVAC
the resistance of potential to 75 feet through normal functionality (air conditioning,
floor coverings varies widely, construction. These wireless humidity, ventilation, etc.) over
anticipation is more critical with thermostats also have a two wires, making it a true network
radiant floor than other forms unique feature: a mean radiant thermostat. The temperature of
of heating and cooling. temperature (MRT) sensor. This the radiant conditioned space will
sensor averages the air temperature be maintained within 0.5°F of
Refer to Chapter 11 for
with the temperature of the the setpoint. When the Network
information on determining zones.
surfaces in that space (walls, thermostat detects a difference
ceiling, floors, etc.), providing from setpoint of more than 0.5°F,
Thermostats a higher level of comfort in the it activates associated electrical
Uponor offers several types of space. Both types of thermostats devices (actuators, zone valves,
thermostats that vary in both (wired and wireless) maintain pumps, etc.) within the control
operation and appearance. the space temperature within logic. The same electrical devices
Regardless of the hardware set 1°F of the setpoint. When the are deactivated once the space
used, pay close attention to thermostat detects a difference temperature rises 0.5°F above the
using the correct thermostats for from setpoint of more than 1°F, desired setpoints. The Network
properly sensing and accurately it activates associated electrical thermostats also have the ability
controlling a radiant heating devices (actuators, zone valves, to control seond-stage heating,
system. This is because, due to pumps, etc.) within the control supplemental heating, cooling,
the mass, radiant system dynamics logic. The same electrical devices humidity and ventilation control
are different than conventional air are deactivated once the space for a fully integrated system.
systems. All Uponor thermostats temperature returns
are designed for use in a radiant to the desired setpoint.
system to provide the highest level
of comfort and efficiency.
126 Chapter 12 – Control Strategies — www.uponorpro.com

Piping and Control Options
The following pages show piping and control arrangements for various radiant floor and radiant ceiling zoning
options that support local zone control.
Option 1:
Multiple Zones on a Single Manifold with Actuators
• Single manifold with multiple zones, serviced by a single circulator (P1) Advantages:
• Each circuit or group of circuits is an individual zone, controlled by • Allows for zoning flexibility
an Uponor thermostat. Uponor Four-wire Actuator(s) and thermostats within a single manifold
are wired into the Uponor Zone Control Module (ZCM). • Makes room-by-room zoning
• Uponor ZCM is wired into a hydronic relay (single or multiple). simple and cost effective
• Refer to page 163 for the specific wiring schematic.
P1
M1
fifl
M2
M3

Option 2:
Multiple Zones on Multiple Manifolds with Zone Valves
• Each manifold is a single zone, all serviced by one circulator (P1). Advantages:
P1
• Each manifold (zone) is controlled by an Uponor thermostat and • Simplified zoning —
an Uponor Four-wire Zone Valve. single-zone valve instead
• Thermostats and zone valves are wired into the Uponor Zone of multiple actuators
Control Module (ZCM). • Possible reduced costs
• Uponor ZCM is wired into a hydronic relay (single or multiple). • Easiest way to zone a
• Refer to pages 164-165 for the specific wiring schematic. manifold with a single zone
M1
M2
M3
fifl M3
P1
M2
M1
M1
fifl M3
P1
Option 3:
Multiple Zones on Multiple Manifolds with Actuators and Zone Valves
M2
• Mixture of Options 1 and 2 Advantages:
• Some manifolds are single zones, controlled by • Simplified zoning
Uponor thermostats and Uponor Four-wire Zones Valves. where applicable
• Other manifolds are multiple zones, controlled by • Room-by-room zoning
Uponor thermostats and Uponor Four-wire Actuators. where applicable M1
• Thermostats, actuators and zone valves are wired into • Can add actuators later
the Uponor Zone Control Module (ZCM). to single-zone manifolds
• Uponor ZCM is wired into a hydronic relay (single or multiple). for multiple zoning
• Refer to pages 166-167 for the specific wiring schematic.
M1
M2
M3
fifl M3
P1
M2
M1

M2
Option 4:
Single Zones on Multiple Manifolds with Circulators
• Each manifold is a single zone, each serviced by its own circulator. Advantages:
M1 • Each manifold (zone) is controlled by an Uponor thermostat and a • Each zone controlled with its
hydronic relay (single or multiple). own circulator
• Note: Add flow control valves as needed if circulators do not come • Circulator only needs sizing
with internal check valves to prevent flow when zone is not calling. for its particular zone
M1 M1
P1
M2 M2
P2
M3 M3
P3
3 fifl M3
2 M2
1 M1

Option 5:
Combination Zoning with Circulators
• Some manifolds are single zones, serviced by their own circulators Advantages:
and controlled by Uponor thermostats and a hydronic relay • Simplified zoning where
(single or multiple). applicable
• Other manifolds are multiple zones, serviced by their own circulators, • Room-by-room zoning
and controlled by Uponor thermostats and Uponor Four-wire Actuators. where applicable
• Actuators and thermostats are wired into the Uponor Zone • Can add actuators later
Control Module (ZCM). to single-zone manifolds
• Uponor ZCM, plus the other thermostats and circulators, are wired into for multiple zoning
hydronic relays (single or multiple).
•N
ote: Add flow control valves as needed if circulators do not come
with internal check valves to prevent flow when zone is not calling.
M1
P1
M2
P2
M3
P3
M1
fifl M3
M2
M2
M3
M1

Water Temperature into the water heater’s control. installation guidelines for
Control If 110°F water is needed, simply model-specific information.
set the water heater to provide
When considering radiant floor
110°F water. Level 2 — Simple
heating control, it is important to Mixing Control
distinguish between zone control Condensing boilers are ideal for
In its most basic form, single-
and water temperature control. Level 1 control. These boilers are
temperature tempering mixes hot
For the most part, zone control designed to operate at extremely
boiler supply water with cooler
may be achieved through the use low return water temperatures. In
radiant system return water to
of thermostats plus actuators, zone fact, the lower the return water
achieve the desired radiant
valves or circulators. This section temperature to a condensing
supply water temperature.
discusses water temperature boiler, the more efficiently it
Single-temperature tempering is
control for radiant floor heating. operates. Condensing boilers use
used in cases where a standard
low return water temperatures
Radiant floor heating is, in general, non-condensing boiler is the heat
to condense the flue gasses. The
a relatively low water temperature source. Since these boilers are
boiler then uses the latent heat in
system. There is no ideal or limited to no less than 125°F to
the condensed flue gasses to help
preferred water temperature 145°F return water temperatures,
heat the system water. This extra
for radiant. As discussed in a tempering device is needed
energy can increase the overall
Chapter 8, a variety of factors between the boiler and the radiant
efficiency of a condensing boiler
determine system water system for two reasons:
by 10% when compared to a
temperature. These factors 1. To achieve the desired radiant
non-condensing boiler.
include installation method, tube supply water temperature
spacing, finished floor material Other heat sources are also
2. To protect the boiler against
and heat load. Once the system suitable for Level 1 control. Electric
return water temperatures
water temperature is determined, boilers, like water heaters, may be
below 125°F to 145°F, thereby
the question becomes how controlled to provide a specific
preventing flue gas condensation
best to achieve and control water temperature. Since there is
that water temperature. no flue and no combustion gasses,
electric boilers can operate at very
Radiant system water
low water temperatures with no
temperature control is
fear of condensation.
categorized into three levels:
Level 1 — No additional Since a radiant system often
temperature control requires relatively low water
temperatures, a traditional cast
Level 2 — Single-temperature
iron non-condensing boiler
tempering
(oil or gas fired), is not usually
Level 3 — Weather-responsive Three-way Tempering Valve —
advisable for Level 1 control.
reset control A three-way tempering valve is
Non-condensing boilers typically
the simplest and most effective
require return water temperatures
Level 1 control is by far the way to achieve Level 2 control.
of 125°F to 145°F to prevent
simplest in terms of installation The Uponor Three-way Tempering
flue gas condensation. If a system
and operation. Valve provides a constant, fixed
with return water temperatures
water temperature for radiant floor
Level 1 — No Additional lower than 125°F to 145°F is
heating, without affecting
Temperature connected to such a boiler, the
boiler operation.
flue gasses within the boiler will
“No additional control” means
condense. This condensation is The Uponor Three-way Tempering
using the water temperature
highly acidic, and it can damage Valve has three ports, labeled
control that comes with the heat
the flue pipe and the boiler itself. + (plus), - (minus) and MIX.
source to control the radiant
Only use non-condensing boilers Hot boiler water is supplied to
system water temperature. For
for Level 1 control if return water the + port. Inside, the valve
example, if a simple gas-fired or
temperatures are above the contains an element that expands
electric water heater is used as a
manufacturer’s minimum return and contracts to control the
heat source, the desired system
limit. Refer to boiler manufacturer’s temperature of the radiant system
water temperature can be dialed

supply water coming out of the Three-way Tempering Valve
MIX port. The port is for radiant
system return water, piped into the
– (minus) port as part of a bypass
Cold floor return Hot boiler supply
that also goes back to the boiler.
The Uponor Three-way Tempering
Valve has a dial for setting a fixed Mix
system water temperature. The
position. The valve must have the issue of oxygen-diffusion
internal element then expands and
a circulator installed on the corrosion when non-barrier Uponor
contracts as it senses the water
radiant side to insure proper flow AquaPEX® tubing is used for
temperature leaving the MIX port.
through the radiant system. The radiant heating or snow melting.
If the MIX temperature is too hot,
best location for this circulator Non-ferrous components are used
the element expands, pushing a
is between the MIX port and the with the non-barrier tubing on the
shuttle valve to restrict the flow of
supply manifold. In addition, a radiant or snow-melting side of the
hot boiler water from the + (plus)
temperature gauge should be heat exchanger. This means using a
port. If the water temperature
installed downstream of the bronze or stainless steel circulator
in the MIX port is too low, the
MIX port to monitor supply water with non-ferrous flanges, a potable
element contracts, relaxing tension
temperature. Refer to Chapter 13 water-type expansion tank, a brass
on the shuttle valve and allowing
for a piping schematic. or bronze air separator, and all
more flow of hot boiler water into
non-ferrous hard piping. No steel
the system through the + (plus) Other Level 2 Options — There
or cast iron piping or other ferrous
port. In effect, the valve will are several other methods of
materials may be used with
temper the hot boiler water with achieving Level 2 control, including
non-barrier tubing.
cooler radiant return water that is mixing tanks, heat exchangers,
recirculated through the bypass four-way motorized mixing valves Return from
and into the - (minus) port. and injection mixing. Motorized floor or ceiling
Hot from boiler
mixing valves and injection mixing
The Uponor Three-way Tempering
controls can also be made weather
Valve is considered a reactive
responsive; see the Level 3 section
valve in that it supplies a constant
on page 135 for more information.
water temperature to the radiant
heating system, despite potential Heat Exchangers —Stainless
drops in boiler supply water steel brazed-plate heat exchangers
temperature. A reactive valve works provide fixed water temperatures
well with intermittent, or on-off, for radiant floor heating and, more Return to boiler
zone control. commonly, snow melting. Heat Supply to
floor or ceiling
exchangers have two separate
There are several advantages to Heat Exchanger
chambers, or sides. One side
the Uponor Three-way Tempering
contains boiler water, and the
Valve, including: On the boiler side of the heat
other contains radiant heating
• Low cost exchanger, traditional piping
system water. The hot boiler
materials may be used. The
• Non-electric — no additional water is pumped through the heat
heat exchanger prevents
wiring required exchanger, warming the walls
oxygen-diffusion corrosion by
of the exchanger itself. Radiant
• Reactive — automatically adjusts separating the “open” system
system water is pumped through
to maintain proper supply water (using the non-barrier tubing
the other side of the exchanger,
temperature on non-ferrous components)
and the water is warmed as it
• Easy installation — only three from the boiler system.
comes in contact with the hot
piping connections wall of the exchanger. The boiler Heat exchangers are also used
• Operating temperature range water and the radiant system in conjunction with domestic
from 80 to 160°F water never mix. water heaters for small heating
or floor conditioning jobs. The
The Uponor Three-way Tempering Heat exchangers are most
heat exchanger keeps the radiant
Valve can be installed in any commonly used to deal with
system water separate from the

potable water system. In all cases
in which a heat exchanger is used
for radiant heating, a circulator
Supply to floor or ceiling
and expansion tank are required on
the radiant side of the exchanger.
Water temperature on the radiant
side of the heat exchanger is
controlled by an aquastat, which
is set to maintain a fixed supply Hot from boiler
temperature. When the aquastat
remote sensor detects the supply Return from
water temperature dropping floor or ceiling
below that fixed temperature,
the aquastat will fire a circulator Return to boiler
on the boiler side of the heat
exchanger (and the boiler, if
necessary). Hot boiler water Mixing Tank
will pass through the heat
exchanger, heating the radiant
system water on the radiant side the mixing tank with an aquastat Mixing tank advantages include:
of the exchanger. (either immersion or strap-on) that • Medium to low cost
senses supply water temperature
Advantages of heat • Provides water mass to reduce
for the radiant panel. When that
exchangers include: potential boiler short-cycling
water temperature drops below
• Universally acceptable the desired temperature, the • Provides energy storage
• Provides protection from aquastat fires the boiler loop • Excellent for wood boilers
oxygen-diffusion corrosion circulator (and the boiler, if
• Simple piping
when using non-barrier tubing necessary), to pump more hot
water into the mixing tank. Refer to Chapter 13 for a
• Perfect for snow-melt piping schematic.
applications — protects A mixing tank is often used with
heat plant from cold return extremely low mass, or “flash” Four-Way Motorized Mixing
temperatures type, boilers. The mixing tank Valves — Four-way motorized
adds water to the system and valves are automatic and respond
• Allows for isolation of systems
can prevent the boiler from short to control input from electronic
using high glycol mixes
cycling. Any insulated tank is sensors to maintain a fixed water
Heat exchangers can add expense suitable for use as a mixing tank. temperature within a radiant
to some systems, since an system. They perform essentially
additional circulator, expansion the same function as a three-way
tank, air separator and hard piping tempering valve, performing
will be necessary. However, in those functions electronically
snow-melting applications and and mechanically.
installations using a domestic
water heater, heat exchangers Supply to floor or ceiling
can be the ideal solution. Refer to
Chapter 13 for a piping schematic.
Mixing Tanks — Mixing tanks
are often referred to as buffer Hot from Return from
tanks. Water from the heat plant Boiler floor or ceiling
is mixed with return water from
the radiant panel. A boiler loop
circulator and a radiant panel loop
circulator are required. A fixed
water temperature is maintained in Return to boiler

A sensor (either strap-on or Injection Mixing With Constant match the exact heat demand of a
immersion-type) senses radiant Temperature — Injection mixing building on a given day. Heating
supply water temperature. When achieves Level 2 control in a systems are designed to maintain
that temperature falls below the manner very similar to the three- a certain indoor temperature under
desired temperature, a control fires way tempering valve. A constant design conditions, or the coldest
a circulator on the boiler side of radiant supply water temperature is day of the year in that specific
the valve and tells the motor on maintained by mixing short blasts geographic region.
the mixing valve to adjust the valve of hot water boiler water with
The radiant system supply
setting. The control and valve will relatively cool radiant return water.
water temperature is the water
regulate the amount of hot boiler Injection mixing is often piped in a
temperature required to heat a
water and of radiant return water primary/secondary configuration.
room or building under design
that mix together to produce the Hot boiler water flows through
conditions. However, the heat load
desired water temperature. the primary loop, with the
changes as weather conditions
relatively cooler radiant supply
In order to be “reactive,” four-way outside change. As the outdoor
water flowing through the
mixing valves must be equipped temperature increases, the heat
secondary loop. Supply and return
with a motor. The motor adjusts load of a building decreases. By
injection legs connect the two
the position of an internal diverting the same token, the radiant supply
loops, with a two-position zone
flapper, which regulates the water temperature required to
valve on the supply injection leg.
amount of hot boiler water and satisfy that heat load decreases.
cool radiant return water mixed A setpoint control or aquastat is Weather-responsive reset control
together to create the desired used to measure the radiant supply monitors outdoor temperatures
radiant supply water temperature. water temperature. Whenever the and then adjusts, or modulates, the
This is important since the boiler sensor reads that radiant supply system supply water temperature
supply water temperature and/ water temperature drops below the to satisfy the specific heat load at
or the radiant return water desired level, the zone valve on that given time. As the outdoor
temperature may not be fixed. If the injection leg opens and fires temperature decreases, the radiant
either of those temperatures is not the primary circulator. Hot boiler supply water temperature will
fixed, a non-motorized valve will water will then be injected into the increase, and vice versa.
not be able to maintain a constant radiant loop, bringing the radiant
An appropriate analogy for weather
supply water temperature. supply water temperature up to the
responsive reset control is cruise
desired level. A suitable balancing
A non-motorized mixing valve control on a car. Cruise control
valve is required on the radiant
merely provides a “fixed ratio” is set for maintaining a specific
loop, between the supply and
mixture of hot boiler water with speed, and it will adjust the
return injection legs, to create the
cooler radiant return water. A amount of gas going to the engine
pressure drop required for injection
motor on the mixing valve will based on road conditions: more
to take place.
allow the valve to alter the mix gas if the car is going uphill, less
to provide a constant radiant Advantages of injection mixing: gas if the car is going downhill.
supply water temperature, • Universally acceptable As cruise control maximizes the
regardless of changes in the comfort of the ride and the fuel
• Can be made weather responsive
other two water temperatures. economy of the vehicle, weather
with additional controls
responsive reset maximizes both
Advantages of motorized four-way • Protects boiler from low return the comfort and fuel economy of
mixing valves: water temperatures the heating system. Indoor comfort
• Universally acceptable • Relatively low cost is maximized by closely matching
• Can be made weather responsive system output to the heating
with additional control Level 3 Control — load, while system efficiency is
Weather-responsive Reset maximized by providing the lowest
Four-way mixing valves can add possible supply water temperature
Weather-responsive reset is used
expense to a system, since a valve, at a given load, while minimizing
to maximize both system efficiency
motor and separate control is distribution losses.
and comfort. At its most basic
required. Additional wiring may
level, weather-responsive reset Weather-responsive reset controls
also be required.
control adjusts the radiant system may be applied to the heat source
supply water temperature to

or to the radiant distribution water temperature in a secondary and return water temperatures
system. Condensing boilers are loop. (See pages 154-161 for constantly. When the controller
most often reset, given their piping schematic and pages senses temperatures lower than
capacity to 1) reduce the firing rate 186-193 for wiring schematic.) the allowable minimum, it will
(which effectively lowers the heat actually start closing the three-
The Multifunction Controller uses
output and water temperature) and way modulating valve or lowering
sensors to measure:
2) accept very low return water the speed of the injection pump,
temperatures without causing flue • Radiant supply and return providing more high-temperature
gas condensation. This is known temperatures flow through the boiler bypass.
as “full reset.” Non-condensing • Boiler supply and return When the boiler return water
boilers may also be reset, but they temperatures (only when boiler temperature increases enough,
require a minimum return water protection is required) the controller allows the valve to
temperature of 125°F to 145°F open or the injection pump to
• Outdoor temperature
to prevent condensation. This is ramp up speed.
known as “partial reset.” Based on these sensor readings,
Sensing both the supply and return
the Multifunction Controller adjusts
When full reset is applied to the temperature on the primary (if
the supply water temperature to
radiant heat distribution system needed) or the secondary loop(s)
the radiant system in response to
only, the boiler must be protected not only offers winter-long boiler
changing conditions.
from low return water temperatures, protection, but also enables the
flue gas condensation and possible When the Multifunction Controller system to respond more quickly
thermal shock. Uponor offers senses changes in the outdoor during startup and when heating
two weather-responsive control temperature, it will change the requirements change dramatically.
packages, the Climate Cŏntrol valve position or the injection
The Multifunction Controller will
Multifunction Controller and the pump speed, allowing more or
allow the supply water temperature
Climate Cŏntrol Network System. less hot boiler water to mix into
to increase based on the return
Both allow full outdoor reset of the radiant system, raising or
sensor. For example, assume the
a radiant system while protecting lowering the radiant supply
current target water temperature
a non-condensing boiler. water temperature.
is 100°F based on outdoor
Climate Cŏntrol Multifunction The Multifunction Controller temperature, the maximum water
Controller — The Multifunction is a fully integrated energy temperature is set for 135°F and
Controller uses integrated control management system. It can control design Delta T (∆T) is 10°F. If
logic to operate both modulating a combination of up to eight of the supply sensor reads 110°F
valves and injection pumps to the following devices: and the return sensor reads 70°F,
control the radiant system supply • Four boilers, on/off and the Multifunction Controller will
modulating identify a high demand on the
system and control the mixing
• One primary pump
device to add hot boiler water
• Three mixing devices to make the supply temperature
(combination of valves 130°F. As the return temperature
and pumps) rises, the supply temperature
• Three secondary pumps will automatically lower. This is a
huge benefit for system operation
• One domestic hot water
and response.
(DHW) tank
• Two snow melting zones The Multifunction Controller
calculates the proper target
• Eight zone pumps
temperature internally based on
Boiler protection is provided by user input. The installer merely
both a primary (or boiler) supply sets the following information:
water temperature sensor and a • Design room temperature
return water temperature sensor.
• Design water temperature
The Multifunction Controller
monitors the primary supply • Design outdoor temperature

• Warm weather outdoor be wasted up the chimney or will compare the current room
temperature lost through the boiler jacket. By temperature to the current
• Warm weather mix temperature reducing the risk of short cycling, setpoint and adjust the target
the Multifunction Controller helps mix temperature accordingly.
• Maximum supply temperature
maximize the length of boiler This is another feature that
• Minimum supply temperature on-cycles and off-cycles, which increases comfort and optimizes
• Mix design Delta T (∆T°F) increases boiler efficiency and efficiency, specifically on system
lengthens the lives of all boiler startup and changing from setback
The Multifunction Controller not and system components. to normal setpoints.
only protects the boiler from low
return water temperatures, but Climate Cŏntrol Network The Network System provides a
it also provides intelligent boiler System — The Climate Cŏntrol wider scope of HVAC functionality,
control. To minimize boiler short Network System also provides supporting not only radiant
cycling, the controller will not mixing for radiant systems. It systems, but also the integration
enable the boiler to fire unless the operates in the same manner as of forced-air heating, cooling,
boiler temperature cannot meet the Climate Cŏntrol Multifunction ventilation and humidity systems
the mixing requirements. On a call Controller, except the Network for optimal control, comfort and
for heat, the system tries to satisfy System will control up to five efficiency. In addition, the
that call with energy already in the mixing devices (combination of Network System can be expanded
system without firing the boiler. modulating valves and injection to include wall-mounted touch
Once that residual boiler heat is pumps) along with using panels, integration into third-party
used up and the system still cannot thermostat feedback to adjust home automation systems and
satisfy the call for heat, only then the water temperature(s). When remote access over the internet.
will the boiler fire. This approach a thermostat calls for heating Visit www.uponorpro.com for
makes excellent use of latent and activates a water channel more information.
boiler heat that would otherwise for mixing, the Network System

Chapter 13
Piping Schematics
Piping Schematic What to look for: ost water heaters come

M
Level 1 Control • Bypass loop – A bypass loop is equipped with a Temperature
not required when using a water and Pressure (T&P) Valve. Do
• Water heater
heater with radiant heat. not remove this valve from the
• Closed system Water Heater
Closed System water heater, as it provides
• Single-temperature radiant • Radiant
Low Temperature loop circulator –
additional temperature safety.
floor heating A circulator (P1) has been
added in the radiant loop. This • Pressure-reducing valve –
Where: All low-temperature Uponor recommends installing
circulator is necessary to insureP1
radiant applications (< 145˚F) a pressure-reducing valve in the
flow through the radiant panel.
Why: This illustration shows a fresh water makeup line to the
• Isolation valves – Isolation
dedicated water heater supplying water heater. This is necessary
valves are recommended at
water for a single radiant manifold. to properly set the system fill
the supply and return radiant
The water heater provides the pressure for additional safety.
manifolds to facilitate purging
required supply water temperature and service. Isolation valves or • Zoning options – See
directly to the radiant panel, flanges are recommended at pages 127-131.
with the water temperature all circulators for easy service. • Specific wiring schematic –
controlled by the water heater’s See pages 182-183.
internal aquastat. As a result, • Pressure-relief valve – When
no additional water temperature using a water heater as a heat
Water source, install a 30-pound relief
control device is needed. Heater
valve in the near heat source
Important: Consult local piping. Ensure there is NO
building codes prior to isolation between the relief valve
installing a water heater and the water heater.
as a heat source for Legend
Water Heater
radiantClosed
heating.
System
Low Temperature
Manifold with Telestats
P1
Manifold without Telestats
Manifold with Valves
P1
Circulator
Expansion Tank
and Air Separator
Water
Heater Ball Valve
Zone Valve
Legend
Pressure Temperature Gauge
Complete Design Assistance Manual — Chapter 13 – Piping Schematics 139


Piping Schematic a condensing boiler in radiant and circulator, flow (gpm) and head
Level I Control snow melt applications, consult the requirements for the radiant
boiler manufacturer’s installation panels may exceed the capacity
• Modulating-condensing boiler and operation instructions of that circulator. Review radiant
• Single-temperature radiant for specific near-boiler piping flow requirements and size the
floor heating information and return water system circulator appropriately.
temperature limitations. • Isolation valves – Isolation
Where: All radiant and snow
melt applications What to look for: valves are recommended at
Why: This illustration shows • Bypass loop – A bypass
a condensing boiler supplying loop is not required when
and service. Isolation valves or
water to a single radiant manifold using a condensing boiler with
flanges are recommended at all
for space heat or snow melting. radiant heat.
circulators for easy service.
Condensing boilers are designed • Boiler circulator – Many
to operate safely and efficiently • Zoning options – See
condensing boilers are packaged
at low return water temperatures. pages 137-131.
with an internal circulator (BP),
As a result, no additional water but require an additional system • Specific wiring schematic –
temperature control device is circulator (P1). Consult the See page 163.
required. The boiler operating boiler manufacturer’s installation
control is set up to provide the and operation instructions for
Condensing Boiler
correct
Single supply water temperature
Temperature specific requirements. If the
to the radiant panel. When using boiler is equipped with a system Legend
Legend


P1
Circulator
P1
Circulator Expansion Tank
and Air Separator
Ball Valve
Expansion Tank BP
and Air Separator
P1 Zone Valve
Ball Valve

Zone Valve
Modulating-condensing Boiler
140 Chapter 13 – Piping Schematics — www.uponorpro.com

Piping Schematic temperature to the radiant panel. specific requirements. If the
Level I Control When using a condensing boiler in boiler is equipped with a system
radiant and snow melt applications, circulator, flow (gpm) and head
• Modulating-condensing boiler
consult the boiler manufacturer’s requirements for the radiant
• Single-temperature radiant
installation and operation panels may exceed the capacity
floor heating
instructions for specific near-boiler of that circulator. Review radiant
• Multiple manifolds
piping information and return flow requirements and size the
Where: All radiant and snow water temperatures limitations. system circulator appropriately.
melt applications
• Isolation valves — Isolation
What to look for:
Why: This illustration shows a valves are recommended at
• Bypass loop — A bypass loop
condensing boiler supplying water the supply and return radiant
is not required when using
to multiple radiant manifolds manifolds to facilitate purging
a condensing boiler with
operating at the same supply and service. Isolation valves or
radiant heat.
water temperature. Condensing flanges are recommended at all
boilers are designed to operate • Boiler circulator — Many circulators for easy service.
safely and efficiently at low return condensing boilers are packaged
• Zoning options — See pages
water temperatures. As a result, with an internal circulator (BP),
127-131.
no additional water temperature but require additional system
control device is required. The circulators (P1). Consult the • Specific wiring schematic —
boiler operating control is set up boiler manufacturer’s installation See pages 178-179.
to provide the correct supply water and operation instructions for Legend
Condensing Boiler
Single Temperature
Multiple Manifolds
Condensing Boiler Legend

Single Temperature
Multiple Manifolds
Manifold
Manifold with
with Telestats
Valves
P1
Circulator
Expansion Tank
P1
and Air Separator
Circulator
P1 P2
BP Ball Valve
Expansion Tank
and Air Separator
Zone Valve
P1 P2
BP Ball Valve
Zone Valve

Piping Schematic per the valve setting (See temperature, closing the hot (+)
Level I Control Chapter 12 for details on port of the valve.
Three-way Tempering Valve
• Modulating-condensing boiler • High-temperature radiant
operation). A Three-way
• Dual-temperature radiant loop circulator — Many
Tempering Valve allows the radiant
floor heating condensing boilers are packaged
supply water temperature to be
• Three-way tempering valve with an internal circulator (BP),
adjusted from 80°F to 160°F.
but require an additional system
Where: Multiple temperature When using a condensing boiler in
circulator (P2). Consult the
radiant applications radiant applications, consult the
boiler manufacturer’s installation
Why: This illustration shows a and operation instructions for
and operation instructions
condensing boiler supplying water specific requirements. If the
for specific near boiler piping
to multiple radiant panels requiring boiler is equipped with a system
information and return water
dramatically different supply water circulator, flow (gpm) and head
temperature limitations.
temperature, or having different requirements for the radiant
installation methods (i.e. concrete panel may exceed the capacity
What to look for:
vs. Joist TrakTM). Condensing of that circulator. Review radiant
• Bypass loop — A bypass
boilers are designed to operate flow requirements and sized the
loop is not required when
safely and efficiently at low return system circulator appropriately.
using a condensing boiler with
water temperatures. As a result,
radiant heat. • Isolation valves — Isolation
no additional water temperature
valves are recommended at
control device is required for the • Low-temperature radiant
higher temperature radiant. The loop circulator — Circulators
boiler operating control is set (P1) have been added on the
up to provide the correct supply radiant loop side of the Three-
water temperature to the high way Tempering Valve. This
Legend temperature radiant panel. For the circulator is necessary to insure
low-temperature radiant panel, flow through the radiant panel. • Zoning options — See
an Uponor Three-way Tempering Without this circulator, flow pages 127-131.
Manifold with Telestats Valve (T1) will mix hotter boiler through the radiant panel Legend
• Specific wiring schematic —
water with cooler radiant return would stop once the tempering
Condensing Boiler See pages 178-179.
water to achieve
3-way the
Tempering selected
Valve valve senses the supply water
radiantLow
supply water temperature
Temperature has reached the desired
High Temperature
Manifold with Valves Manifold without Telestats
P1
Circulator Manifold with Valves
P1
P1 Circulator
Expansion Tank
and Air Separator
Ball Valve Expansion Tank

and Air Separator
Ball Valve
Zone Valve
BP P2
Pressure Temperature Gauge Zone Valve
T1
Pressure Temperature Gaug
Modulating-condensing Bo

Piping Schematic radiant applications, consult the • Isolation valves — Isolation
Level I Control boiler manufacturer’s installation valves are recommended at
and operation instructions the supply and return radiant
• Electric boiler
for specific near-boiler piping manifolds to facilitate purging
information and return water and service. Isolation valves or
floor heating
temperature limitations. flanges are recommended at
Where: All radiant applications all circulators for easy service.
What to look for:
Why: This illustration shows an • Zoning options — See
electric boiler supplying water to pages 127-131.
is not required when using an
a single radiant panel. Electric
electric boiler with radiant heat. • Specific wiring schematic —
boilers are designed to operate
See page 163.
safely and efficiently at low return • Boiler circulator — Electric
water temperatures. As a result, boilers are not typically packaged
Legend
no additional water temperature with a circulator, and therefore
control device is required. The require the installation of a
boiler high limit is set to provide system circulator (P1). Review
the maximum
Electric Boiler supply water radiant flow requirements
temperature to the radiant panel.
Single Temperature (gpm and head) and size the
When using an electric boiler in system circulator appropriately. Manifold without Telestats

P1
Legend
P1
Circulator

Electric Boiler
Single Temperature
Expansion
Manifold Tank Telestats
without
and Air Separator

Ball Valve
P1
P1
Circulator
Zone Valve

Expansion Tank
and Air Separator
Ball Valve
Electric Boiler
Zone Valve
Electric Boiler

Piping Schematic boiler high limit is set to provide system circulators (P1 and P2).
Level I Control the maximum supply water Review radiant flow requirements
temperature to the radiant panel. (gpm and head) and size the
• Electric boiler
When using an electric boiler in system circulators appropriately.
radiant applications, consult the
floor heating • Isolation valves — Isolation
• Multiple manifolds valves are recommended at
and operation instructions
Where: All radiant applications for specific near-boiler
piping information.
Why: This illustration shows and service. Isolation valves or
an electric boiler supplying flanges are recommended at all
What to look for:
water to multiple radiant panels circulators for easy service.
operating at the same supply
is not required when using an • Zoning options — See pages
water temperature. Electric boilers
electric boiler with radiant heat. 127-131.
are designed to operate safely
and efficiently at low return • Boiler circulator — Electric • Specific wiring schematic -
water temperatures. As a result, boilers are not packaged with a See pages 178-179.
no additional water temperature circulator, and therefore require
control device is required. The the installation of additional
Electric Boiler
Single Temperature Legend
Multiple Manifolds
Manifold with Telesta
Legend P1
Manifold without Telest

P1
Circulator
P2
P1
Circulator Expansion Tank
and Air Separator
Ball Valve
Expansion Tank
and Air Separator
Zone Valve
Ball Valve
Pressure Temperature Ga
Zone Valve
Pressure Temperature Gauge Electric Boiler
Electric Boiler

Piping Schematic using an electric boiler in radiant • High-temperature radiant
Level I Control applications, consult the boiler loop circulator — Electric
manufacturer’s installation and boilers are not packaged with
• Electric boiler
operation instructions for specific circulators, and therefore
• Multiple-temperature
near boiler piping information require an additional system
radiant floor heating
and return water temperature circulator (P2). Consult the boiler
• Three-way tempering valve
limitations. manufacturer’s installation and
Where: Multiple temperature operation instructions for specific
radiant applications What to look for: requirements. Review radiant
• Bypass loop — A bypass loop flow requirements and size the
Why: This illustration shows an
is not required when using an system circulator appropriately.
electric boiler supplying water to
electric boiler with radiant heat.
multiple radiant panels requiring • Isolation valves — Isolation
dramatically different supply • Low-temperature radiant valves are recommended at
water temperatures, or having loop circulator — A circulator the supply and return radiant
different installation methods (P1) has been added on the manifolds to facilitate purging
(i.e. concrete vs. Joist Trak). radiant loop side of the Three- and service. Isolation valves or
Electric boilers are designed to way Tempering Valve. This flanges are recommended at all
operate safely and efficiently at circulator is necessary to insure circulators for easy service.
low return water temperatures. flow through the radiant panel.
• Zoning options — See
As a result, no additional water Without this circulator,
pages 127-131.
temperature control device is flow through the radiant panel
required for the higher temperature would stop once the Three-way • Specific wiring schematic —
radiant. The boiler high limit is Tempering Valve senses the See pages 178-179.
set to provide the maximum supply water has reached the
supply water temperature to the
Electric Boiler desired temperature, closing the
high temperature radiantElectric Boiler
panel.
3-Way Tempering Valve hot (+) port of the valve.
3-Way
LowTempering Valve
Temperature
For the low temperature radiant
LowHigh
Temperature
Temperature Legend
panel, an Uponor Three-way
High Temperature Legend
Tempering Valve is used to mix

hot boiler water with cooler Manifold with Telestats
P2 Manifold with Telestats
radiant return water to achieve P2
the selected radiant supply water
temperature per the valve setting Manifold without Telestats
(see Chapter 12 for details on

Three-way Tempering Valve Manifold with Valves
operation). A Three-way Tempering
Valve allows the radiant supply P1
Circulator
P1
water temperature to be adjusted Circulator
P1
from 80°F to 160°F. When P1
Expansion Tank
and AirTank
Expansion Separator
T1 and Air Separator
T1
Ball Valve
Ball Valve
Zone Valve
Zone Valve

Electric Boiler
Electric Boiler

Piping Schematic What to look for: r adiant supply water does
Level II Control • Bypass loop — This piping not reach the desired
schematic includes a temperature, continue to close
• Non-condensing boiler
“bypass” loop at the boiler. the valve in small increments
Non-condensing boilers until that temperature is reached.
Where: All low-temperature require minimum return water • Radiant loop circulator — A
radiant applications (< 160° F) temperatures of 140°F or higher circulator (P1) has been added
Why: This illustration shows a (see boiler manufacturer’s on the radiant loop side of the
non-condensing boiler supplying installation instructions for Three-way Tempering Valve.
water to a single radiant panel. specific requirements) to prevent This circulator is necessary to
The Uponor Three-way Tempering flue gas condensation, potential insure flow through the radiant
Valve (T1) is used to mix hot boiler internal corrosion, and potential panel. Without this circulator,
water with cooler radiant return thermal shock. The bypass loop flow through the radiant panel
water to achieve the selected allows an amount of hot boiler would stop once the Three-way
radiant supply water temperature water (depending on bypass Tempering Valve senses the
per the valve setting (see valve position) to circulate supply water has reached the
Chapter 12 for details on through the boiler to maintain desired temperature, closing the
Three-way Tempering Valve return water temperatures hot (+) port of the valve.
operation). In low-temperature above the minimum, preventing
the boiler’s flue gasses from • Isolation valves — Isolation
(< 160°F) radiant heating
condensing. Condensed flue valves are recommended at
applications using a non-
gasses are highly corrosive and the supply and return radiant
condensing boiler, the boiler
will shorten the boiler’s life and manifolds to facilitate purging
supply water temperature must
may void the boiler’s warranty. and service. Isolation valves or
be reduced to the proper radiant
The bypass valve (V1) should flanges are recommended at all
supply water temperature. A
never be left in the full open circulators for easy service.
Legend
allows the radiant supply water position during normal operation.
• Zoning options —
temperature to be adjusted from • Bypass valve setting — See pages 127-131. Legen
80°F to 160°F. At system startup, position
Manifold with Telestats • Specific wiring schematic —
Non Condensing Boiler a suitable valve (V1) in the
3-Way Tempering Valve See page 163. Manifold with
half-open position. If the
Manifold withou

P1
Manifold with
P1
Circulator
P1
Circulato
T1
Expansion Tank
V1
and Air Separator
Expansion T
and Air Sepa
Ball Valve
Ball Valv
Zone Valve
BP Zone Val
Pressure Tempera
Non-condensing Boiler
Non-condensin

Non-condensing boiler
Three-way tempering valves
Dual temperature radiant floor heating
Legend
P1
Piping Schematic return water temperatures • Isolation valves — Isolation Manifold with Telestats
Level II Control above the minimum, preventing valves are recommended at

the boiler’s flue gasses from the supply and return radiant
• Non-condensing boiler Manifold without Telestats
condensing. Condensed flue T1 manifolds to facilitate purging
gasses are highly corrosive and and service. Isolation valves or
• Dual-temperature radiant
will shorten the boiler’s life and flanges are recommended at Manifold with Valves
floor heating
may void the boiler’s warranty. all circulators for easy service.
Where: All low-temperature The bypass valve (V1) should P1
• Zoning options — Circulator
radiant applications (< 160°F) never be left in the full open P2
See pages 127-131.
position during normal operation.
Why: This illustration shows a
• Specific Wiring Schematic —
non-condensing boiler supplying • Bypass valve setting —
See pages 178-179. Expansion Tank
water to a multiple radiant panels At system startup, position aT2 and Air Separator
requiring dramatically different suitable valve
V1
(V1) in the half-
supply water temperatures, or open position. If the radiant Ball Valve
having different installation supply water does not reach
methods (i.e. concrete vs. Joist the desired temperature,
Trak). The Uponor Three-way continue to close the valve Zone Valve
Tempering Valves (T1 and T2) in small increments until that
will mix hot boiler water with temperature is reached.
BP
cooler radiant return water to Pressure Temperature Gauge
• Radiant loop circulator —
achieve the selected radiant supply
Circulators (P1 and P2) have
water temperatures per the valve
been added on the radiant
settings (see Chapter 12 for
loopNon-condensing
sides of each boiler
Three-
details on Three-way Tempering Three-way tempering valves Non-condensing Boiler
way Dual
Tempering Valve. These
temperature radiant floor heating
Valve operation).
circulators are necessary to
Legend
In low-temperature (< 160°F) insure flow through the radiant
radiant heating applications using panels. Without these circulators,
P1
a non-condensing boiler, the boiler flow through the radiant panels Manifold with Telestats
supply water temperature must would stop once the Three-way
be reduced to the proper radiant Tempering Valves sense the
Manifold without Telestat
supply water temperature. A supply water has reached the
T1
Three-way Tempering Valve desired temperature, closing
allows the radiant supply water the hot (+) port of the valve. Manifold with Valves
temperature to be adjusted from

80°F to 160°F. P1
Circulator
What to look for: P2
• Bypass loop — This piping

schematic includes a “bypass”
Expansion Tank
loop at the boiler. Non- T2 and Air Separator
condensing boilers require V1

minimum return water Ball Valve
temperatures of 140°F or higher

(see boiler manufacturer’s
installation instructions for Zone Valve
specific requirements) to prevent

flue gas condensation, potential BP
internal corrosion, and potential Pressure Temperature Gaug
thermal shock. The bypass loop

allows an amount of hot boiler
water (depending on bypass
valve position) to circulate
through the boiler to maintain

Piping Schematic What to look for: • Radiant loop circulator —
Level II Control • Bypass loop — This piping Circulators (P1 and P2) have
schematic includes a “bypass” been added on the radiant
loop at the boiler. Non- loop sides of the Three-way
condensing boilers require Tempering Valves (T1 and T2).
minimum return water These circulators are necessary to
floor heating
temperatures of 140°F or higher insure flow through the radiant
• High-temperature radiation
(see boiler manufacturer’s panels. Without these circulators,
Where: All low-temperature installation instructions for flow through the radiant panels
radiant applications (< 160°F), requirements) to prevent flue gas would stop once the Three-way
with high-temperature radiation condensation, potential internal Tempering Valves sense the
corrosion, and potential thermal supply water has reached the
shock. The bypass loop allows desired temperatures, closing the
non-condensing boiler supplying
an amount of hot boiler water hot (+) port of the valves.
water to multiple radiant panels
requiring dramatically different (depending on bypass valve • Isolation valves — Isolation
supply water temperatures or position) to circulate through valves are recommended at
having different installation the boiler to maintain return the supply and return radiant
methods (i.e. concrete vs. Joist water temperatures above the manifolds to facilitate purging
Trak) plus high-temperature minimum, preventing the boiler’s and service. Isolation valves or
radiation (baseboard, panel flue gasses from condensing. flanges are recommended at
radiators, fan coils, etc.). The Condensed flue gasses are highly all circulators for easy service.
Uponor Three-way Tempering corrosive and will shorten the
boiler’s life and may void the • Baseboard zone control —
Valves (T1 and T2) are used to
boiler’s warranty. The bypass In this schematic, the baseboard
mix hot boiler water with cooler
valve (V1) should never be left loop(s) are controlled with a
radiant return water to achieve
in the full open position during zone valve (M1), which
the selected radiant supply water
normal operation. operates independently of
temperature per the valve settings
the radiant heat.
(see Chapter 12 for details on • Bypass valve setting —
Three-way Tempering Valve At system startup, position a • Zoning options —
operation). In low-temperature suitable valve (V1) in the half- See pages 127-131.
(< 160°F) radiant heating open position. If the radiant
applications using a non- supply water does not reach
See pages 174-175.
condensing boiler, the boiler the desired temperature,
supply water temperature must continue to close the valve
be reduced to the proper radiant in small increments until that
supply water temperature. A temperature is reached.
allows the radiant supply water
temperature to be adjusted
from 80°F to 160°F. The high-
temperature radiation is supplied
directly with boiler water.

Three-way tempering valves Legend
High temperature radiation

Three-way tempering valves Legend
P1
High temperature radiation

T1
P1
P1
Circulator

T1
P2
M1 P1
Circulator
Expansion Tank
and Air Separator
P2
M1 T2
V1 Ball Valve
Expansion Tank
and Air Separator
T2
V1 Ball Valve
Zone Valve
Zone Valve
BP Pressure Temperature Gauge
BP Pressure Temperature Gauge
Baseboard
Baseboard

Piping Schematic What to look for: • Expansion tank — An
Level II Control • Bypass loop — This piping expansion tank and air separator
schematic includes a “bypass” are added to the radiant/snow
loop at the boiler. Non- melt side of the heat exchanger.
• Heat exchanger
condensing boilers require This is required for proper
Where: All radiant and snow minimum return water air elimination and thermal
melt applications temperatures of 140°F or higher expansion due to isolation
(see boiler manufacturer’s from the boiler loop by the
installation instructions for heat exchanger.
water to a heat exchanger (HX1) to specific requirements) to • Isolation valves — Isolation
provide water temperature control prevent flue gas condensation,, valves are recommended at
and isolation where necessary. and potential thermal shock the supply and return radiant
Water temperature for the radiant potential internal corrosion. manifolds to facilitate purging
panel or snow melt system is The bypass loop allows an and service. Isolation valves or
controlled by a sensor (S1), amount of hot boiler water flanges are recommended at all
either immersion type or strap- (depending on bypass valve circulators for easy service.
on type, placed on the supply position) to circulate through
the boiler to maintain return • Zoning options —
outlet of the heat exchanger.
water temperatures above the See pages 127-131.
The sensor is wired to a set-point
controller or aquastat, which is minimum, preventing the boiler’s
set for the desired supply water flue gasses from condensing.
See page 163.
temperature. When the supply Condensed flue gasses are highly
water temperature drops below corrosive and will shorten the
the desired level, the set-point boiler’s life and may void the
controller or aquastat will fire the boiler’s warranty. The bypass
boiler circulator and/or boiler to valve (V1) should never be left
send hot water through the boiler in the full open position during
side of the heat exchanger. The normal operation.
radiant supply water temperature • Bypass valve setting —
will increase until the desired level At system startup, position
is reached, shutting off the boiler a suitable valve (V1) in the
circulator and/or boiler. Besides half-open position. If the radiant
controlling water temperature, a supply water does not reach the
heat exchanger can be used for desired temperature, continue
isolating the boiler and its ferrous to close the valve in small
(corrodible) components when increments until that temperature
Uponor AquaPEX (non-barrier) is reached.
tubing is used on the radiant
or snow melt side of the heat • Radiant loop circulator — A
exchanger. A heat exchanger circulator (P1) has been added
will also protect non-condensing on the radiant loop side of the
boilers from thermal shock and low heat exchanger (HX1). This
return water temperatures, and circulator is necessary to insure
allows for glycol to be added to the flow through the radiant panel.
radiant/snow melt portion of the
system only.

Legend
Heat exchanger
HX1
S1 Manifold without Telestats
P1 Manifold with Valves

V1
P1
Circulator
Expansion Tank
and Air Separator
BP
Legend
Ball Valve
ndensing boiler
changer
Zone Valve
HX1

V1
P1
Circulator
Expansion Tank
and Air Separator
BP
Ball Valve
Zone Valve

Piping Schematic What to look for: • Radiant loop circulator —
Level II Control • Bypass loop — This piping A circulator (P1) has been added
schematic includes a “bypass” on the radiant loop side of the
• Wood boiler
loop at the boiler. The buffer tank. This circulator is
• Mixing tank
installation of a bypass will allow necessary to insure flow through
an amount of hot boiler supply the radiant panel.
floor heating
water (depending on bypass • Aquastat — An aquastat (AQ1)
Where: All radiant applications valve position) to circulate is used to sense and control
Why: This illustration shows a through the boiler to prevent low water temperature inside the
wood boiler supply water for boiler return water temperatures, buffer tank. The aquastat is set
a single radiant panel, using a preventing the boiler’s flue to the desired radiant supply
mixing, or “buffer”, tank as a gasses from condensing. water temperature, and is wired
tempering device. The wood Condensed flue gasses are highly to a relay that controls the boiler
boiler supplies hot boiler water corrosive and will shorten the circulator (P1).
to the tank that will mix with the boiler’s life and may void the
boiler’s warranty. The bypass • Isolation valves — Isolation
cooler radiant return water to
valve (V1) should never be left valves are recommended at
deliver the proper radiant supply
in the full open position during the supply and return radiant
water temperature. An aquastat
normal operation. manifolds to facilitate purging
(AQ1), either an immersion type
or strap-on type, controls the tank • Bypass valve setting — flanges are recommended at
temperature. When the aquastat At system startup, position all circulators for easy service.
senses the radiant supply water a suitable valve (V1) in the
temperature has dropped below half-open position. If the • Zoning options —
the desired level, it starts the boiler radiant supply water does not See pages 127-131.
pump (P1), mixing hot boiler water reach the desired temperature,
into the tank until the desired continue to close the valve
See pages 180-181.
Legend temperature has been reached. in small increments until that
In all radiant applications using a temperature is reached.
wood boiler, a buffer tank must be Legend
Manifold with Telestats used to control the radiant supply
water temperature, and to protect
Manifold without Telestats the radiant panel from
Non-condensing boiler excessive Manifold with Telestats
Buffer tank
boiler water temperatures.
Single-temperature

Circulator
V1
P1
Circulator
Expansion Tank
and Air Separator AQ1
Expansion Tank
Ball Valve and Air Separator
Buffer Tank P1
BP
Ball Valve
Zone Valve
Zone Valve
Pressure Temperature Gaug

Piping Schematic tank temperature. When the • Aquastat — An aquastat (AQ1)
Level II Control aquastat senses the radiant supply is used to sense and control
water temperature has dropped water temperature inside the
• Heat pump
below the desired level, it starts buffer tank. The aquastat is set
• Mixing tank
the heat pump circulator (P1), to the desired radiant supply
mixing warmer heat pump water water temperature, and is wired
floor heating
into the tank until the desired to a relay that controls the
Where: All low-temperature temperature has been reached. system circulator (P1).
radiant applications (< 120°F) Some geothermal manufacturers
make buffer tanks and controls
Why: This illustration shows a valves are recommended at
available for their equipment in
geo-thermal heat pump supplying the supply and return radiant
radiant applications. Refer to the
water for a single radiant panel, manifolds to facilitate purging
manufacturer’s installation and
using a mixing, or “buffer”, and service. Isolation valves or
operation instructions for specifics.
tank as a tempering device. The flanges are recommended at all
geo-thermal heat pump supplies circulators for easy service.
What to look for:
warm water to the tank that will
• Radiant loop circulator — • Zoning options — Legend
mix will cooler radiant return water
A circulator (P1) has been added See pages 127-131.
to deliver the proper radiant supply
on the radiant loop side of the
water temperature. An aquastat • Specific wiring schematic —
buffer tank. This circulator is Manifold with Telestats
(AQ1),
Heat Pump
either an immersion type See pages 180-181.
necessary to insure flow through
or strap-on
Buffer Tank type, controls the
Single Temperature the radiant panel. Manifold without Telestats
Legend
P1
Circulator
Heat Pump
Buffer Tank
Single Temperature P1
AQ1 Buffer Tank Manifold without Telestats
Expansion Tank
and Air Separator
Ball Valve
P1
Circulator
HPP
Zone Valve
AQ1 Buffer Tank P1
Expansion Tank
and Air Separator
Ball Valve
HPP Heat Pump

Zone Valve
Heat Pump

Piping Schematic What to look for: • Radiant loop circulator — A
Level III Control • Bypass loop — This piping circulator (P2) has been added
schematic includes a “bypass” on the radiant side of the
loop at the boiler. Non- Three-way Modulating Valve
• Three-way modulating valve
condensing boilers require (MV1). This circulator is
minimum return water necessary to insure adequate
floor heating
temperatures of 140°F or higher flow through the radiant panel.
Where: All radiant and hydronic (see boiler manufacturer’s Without this circulator, flow
applications where full outdoor installation instructions for through the radiant panel would
reset with a weather-responsive specific requirements) to prevent vary based on the position of the
reset control is desirable flue gas condensation and Three-way Modulating Valve.
Why: This illustration shows a potential internal corrosion. The • Sensors — Strap-on sensors
non-condensing boiler supplying bypass loop allows an amount (S1 and S2) are placed on the
water to a single radiant panel. of hot boiler water (depending piping between the MIX port
The radiant loop supply water on bypass valve position and of the Three-way Modulating
temperature is controlled by Three-way Modulating Valve Valve and the radiant manifolds,
the use of the Climate Cŏntrol position) to circulate through on the boiler return piping (S3)
Multifunction Controller and the boiler to maintain return near the boiler return inlet, and
Three-way Modulating Valve. water temperatures above the outdoors (OAS) on the north side
The Multifunction Controller is a minimum, preventing the boiler’s of the structure, preferably out
weather-responsive reset controller flue gasses from condensing. of direct sunlight.
that senses changes in outdoor Condensed flue gasses are highly
corrosive and will shorten the • Isolation valves — Isolation
temperatures and adjusts the
boiler’s life and may void the valves are recommended at
radiant supply water temperature
boiler’s warranty. The bypass the supply and return radiant
accordingly, while providing
valve (V1) should never be left manifolds to facilitate purging
adequate heat to satisfy the
in the full open position during and service. Isolation valves or
structure’s heat loss requirements
normal operation. flanges are recommended at all
(see Chapter 12 for further
information on weather responsive • Bypass valve setting —
reset control). The Multifunction At system startup, position a • Zoning options —
Controller also controls the suitable valve (V1) in the See pages 127-131.
radiant loop circulator and the half-open position. If the
boiler loop circulator, and also radiant supply water does not
See pages 186-187.
enables the boiler. reach the desired temperature,
continue to close the valve
in small increments until that
temperature is reached.

Legend
Three-way modulating valve Manifold with Telestats
Legend
P1
P1
S2 Circulator
P1
Manifold
Expansionwith Valves
Tank
and Air Separator
BP
P1
S2 Circulator
Ball Valve
OAS Place outdoor sensor
above the snow line
on north-facing wall
Zone Valve
Expansion Tank
and Air Separator
BP
Ball Valve
OAS Place outdoor sensor
above the snow line
Zone ValveBoiler
Non-condensing

Three-way Modulating
Valve (0-10v)
Valve (0-10v)

Piping Schematic What to look for: • Thermal traps — Thermal
Level III Control • Bypass loop — Even though a traps are required in the injection
non-condensing boiler is used in piping to prevent thermal
this applications, an additional migration of hot water from
bypass loop is not required. the Primary loop into the
floor heating
The Primary loop will suffice secondary loops, possibly
• Variable-speed injection mixing
as a bypass loop. The Climate effecting radiant supply water
Where: All radiant and other Cŏntrol Multifunction Controller temperature control.
hydronic applications where two uses primary sensors (S5 and • Balancing valves — Balancing
separate temperatures of full S6) to provide boiler operation, valves (BV1 and BV2) are
outdoor reset with a weather- maintaining return water required on the return legs
responsive control is desirable, temperatures above the boiler of the injection piping to
using primary/secondary piping manufacturer’s recommended balance flow through the
Why: This illustration shows a non- minimum and preventing injection legs and to maximize
condensing boiler supplying water flue gas condensation in circulator operation.
to multiple radiant panels requiring non-condensing boilers.
• Tee spacing — Spacing
dramatically different supply water • Primary loop circulator — between supply and return
temperatures, or having different The primary circulator (BP) tees off the boiler primary loop
installation methods (i.e. concrete should be sized to meet the flow and off the secondary loop
vs. Joist Trak). The Climate (gpm) demands of the entire should not exceed 6 inches.
Cŏntrol Multifunction Controller heating system. The primary This will eliminate pressure
separately controls the radiant loop pump head should be sized to drop between the tees. As a
temperatures based on outdoor the pressure drop of the primary result, flow will only occur in
temperatures. The controller loop only, plus associated valves the secondary loop when the
senses changes in outdoor weather and fittings. secondary circulator is
conditions and changes the supply
• Radiant loop circulators in operation.
water temperatures in each radiant
manifold independently using — These circulators (SP1 • Sensors — Strap-on sensors
variable-speed injection mixing and SP2) have been added to (S1 and S2) are placed on the
(see Appendix I for information the secondary loops. These boiler supply and return piping
on variable-speed injection mixing), circulators are necessary to insure near the boiler, on the secondary
while providing adequate heat to flow through the radiant panels. radiant loops (S3 through S6)
satisfy the structure’s heat loss These are considered secondary and outdoors (OAS) on the north
requirements (see Chapter 12 for circulators, and should be sized side of the structure, preferably
further information on weather- to the flow (gpm) and head loss out of direct sunlight.
responsive reset controls). The of the secondary loops only.
Multifunction Controller controls • Injection circulators — These valves are recommended at
each radiant loop circulator (SP1 circulators (IP1 and IP2) are the supply and return radiant
and SP2) independently based on used to inject hot water from manifolds to facilitate purging
calls for heat, and varies the speed the primary boiler loop into the and service. Isolation valves or
of each injection circulator (IP1 and secondary radiant loops. Based flanges are recommended at all
IP2) based on the required supply on input from the Multifunction circulators for easy service.
water temperature for each radiant Controller, the speed of the
loop. The Multifunction Controller circulators will vary. This variable • Zoning options —
also enables the boiler and fires the speed injection mixing will See pages 127-131.
primary circulator (PP1). change the radiant supply water
• Specific wiring Schematic —
temperature based on outdoor
See pages 188-189.
weather conditions.

Three-way modulating valve
Legend
S3
SP2 Legend
1 S4 S3 OAS

SP2
2
IP1 1 S4 OAS
P1
Place outdoor sensor Circulator
2 above the snow line Manifold with Valves
IP1 1 Note: on north-facing wall
S1
• Spacing between tees not to exceed 6"
• Thermal trap minimum 12" P1
1 Place outdoor sensor Circulator
above the snow line Expansion Tank
and Air Separator
1 Note: on north-facing wall
S1
S2 2 • Spacing between tees not to exceed 6"
• Thermal trap minimum 12" Ball Valve
BV2 1 IP2
Expansion Tank
and Air Separator
P1 S5
S2 2
Zone Valve
Ball Valve
BV2 1 IP2
SP2
P1 S6 S5
Zone Valve
1
SP2
S6

Piping Schematic What to look for: • Thermal traps — Thermal traps
Level III Control • Bypass loop — Even though a are required in the injection
non-condensing boiler is used piping to prevent thermal
in this application, an additional migration of hot water from
• Multiple-temperature
bypass loop is not required. The the primary loop into the
radiant floor heating and
primary loop will suffice as a secondary loops, possibly
snow melting
bypass loop. The Multifunction affecting radiant supply water
• Variable-speed injection mixing
Controller uses boiler sensors temperature control (see
Where: All single-temperature (S1 and S2) to provide boiler Appendix I for variable-speed
radiant floor heating or other operation, maintaining return injection mixing piping detail).
hydronic applications, plus water temperatures above • Balancing valves —
integrated snow melting where the boiler manufacturer’s Balancing valves (BV1 and BV2)
full outdoor reset with a weather- recommended minimum and are required on the return
responsive control is desirable, preventing flue gas condensation legs of the injection piping
using primary/secondary piping. in non-condensing boilers. to balance flow through the
Why: This illustration shows a • Primary loop circulator — injection legs and to maximize
non-condensing boiler supplying The primary circulator (BP) circulator operation.
water to a single radiant panel. should be sized to meet the flow • Tee spacing — Spacing
The Climate Cŏntrol Multifunction (gpm) demands of the entire between supply and return
Controller controls the radiant heating system. The primary tees off the boiler primary loop
loop temperature. The controller pump head should be sized to and off the secondary loops
senses changes in outdoor the pressure drop of the primary should not exceed 6 inches.
weather conditions and changes loop only, plus associated valves This will eliminate pressure
the supply water temperature in and fittings. drop between the tees. As a
the radiant loop using variable-
• Radiant and snow melt loop result, flow will only occur in
speed injection mixing (see
circulators — Circulators (SP1 the secondary loop when
Appendix I for information on
and SP2) have been added to the secondary circulator is
variable-speed injection mixing),
the secondary loops. These in operation.
while providing adequate heat
to satisfy the structure’s heat circulators are necessary to insure • Sensors — Strap-on sensors
loss requirements (see Chapter flow through the radiant panels. (S1 and S2) are placed on the
12 for further information on These are considered secondary boiler piping near the boiler, on
weather-responsive reset controls). circulators and should be sized the secondary radiant/snow melt
The Multifunction Controller to the flow (gpm) and head loss loops (S3 through S6) between
also controls an integrated of the secondary loops only. the secondary loop circulators
snow melting system, using • Injection circulators — and the radiant manifolds, and
variable-speed injection mixing in These circulators (IP1 and IP2) outdoors (OAS) on the north side
conjunction with a heat exchanger are used to inject hot water from of the structure, preferably out
(HX1). The Multifunction the primary boiler loop into of direct sunlight.
Controller controls the radiant and the secondary radiant loops. • Isolation valves — Isolation
snow melt circulators (SP1 and Based on input from the valves are recommended at
SP2) independently based on calls Climate Cŏntrol Multifunction the supply and return radiant
for heat, and varies the speed of Controller, the speed of these manifolds to facilitate purging
each injection circulator (IP1 and circulators will vary. This and service. Isolation valves or
IP2) independently, based on the variable-speed injection mixing flanges are recommended at all
required supply water temperatures will change the radiant and snow circulators for easy service.
for the radiant and snow melt melt supply water temperatures
loops. The Multifunction Controller based on outdoor weather
also enables the boiler and fires the conditions (see Appendix I for
primary circulator (P1). injection pump sizing).

Radiant floor heating and snow melting
Injection pumping
Dual temperature Legend
S3
Radiant floor heating and snow melting Manifold with Telestats
Injection pumping SP2
Dual temperature Legend
1 S4

SP2
2 OAS Manifold with Valves
IP1 1 S4
P1
Circulator
2 OAS Manifold with Valves

Place outdoor sensor
IP1 1 above the snow line
S1
on north-facing wall P1
ExpansionCirculator
Tank
1 and Air Separator
Note: Place outdoor sensor

1 • Spacing between tees not to exceed 6" above the snow line
S1 S2 2 Ball Valve
• Thermal trap minimum 12" on north-facing wall
IP2 Expansion Tank
BV2 1 and Air Separator
Note:
Zone Valve
P1S2 HX1 • Spacing between tees not toS5
exceed 6"
2 Ball Valve
• Thermal trap minimum 12"
BV2 IP2 SP2

S6
Zone Valve
P1 HX1
S5
SP2
Pressure Temperature
Non-condensing Boiler Gauge
S6
• Expansion tank — An Non-condensing Boiler
expansion tank and air separator

are added to the snow melt
side of the heat exchanger.
This allows for proper air
elimination and thermal
expansion, as the snow melt
loop is isolated from the boiler
loop by the heat exchanger.
• Zoning options —
See pages 127-131.
• Specific wiring Schematic —
See pages 190-191.

Piping Schematic applications using a non-condensing Multiple high-temperature zones
Level III Control boiler, the boiler supply water may be controlled by multiple
temperature must be reduced circulators or zone valves.
to the proper radiant supply
• Three-way modulating valve • Tee spacing — Spacing
water temperature. A Three-way
• Dual-temperature radiant between tees off the boiler
Modulating Valve allows the
floor heating Primary loop and off the
radiant supply water temperature
secondary loop should not
• High-temperature radiation to be mixed from 80°F to 160°F.
exceed 6 inches. This will
• Domestic hot water The high-temperature radiation is
eliminate pressure drop between
supplied directly with boiler water.
• Primary/secondary piping the tees. As a result, flow will
only occur in the secondary loop
Where: All low-temperature What to look for:
when the secondary circulator is
radiant applications (< 160°F), • Bypass loop — Even though a
in operation.
with high-temperature radiation non-condensing boiler is used
and indirect domestic hot water in this application, an additional • Sensors — Strap-on sensors
using primary/secondary piping bypass loop is not required. (S1 and S2) are placed on the
The primary loop will suffice boiler piping near the boiler, on
as the bypass loop and will the secondary radiant/snow melt
protect the boiler. loops (S3 through S6) between
water to multiple radiant panels
the secondary loop circulators
requiring dramatically different • Primary loop circulator —
and the radiant manifolds, and
supply water temperatures or The primary circulator (PP)
outdoors (OAS) on the north side
having different installation should be sized to meet the flow
of the structure, preferably out
methods (i.e. concrete vs. Joist (gpm) demands of the entire
of direct sunlight.
Trak) plus high temperature heating system. The primary
radiation (base board, panel pump head should be sized to • Isolation valves — Isolation
radiators, fan coils, etc.) and an the pressure drop of the primary valves are recommended at
indirect hot water tank using a loop only, plus associated valves the supply and return radiant
single pipe primary/secondary and fittings. manifolds to facilitate purging
boiler piping arrangement. All and service. Isolation valves or
elements are controlled by the • Radiant loop circulator —
Climate Cŏntrol Multifunction Circulators (SP1 and SP2) have
Controller. The Three-way been added on the radiant
Modulating Valves (MV1 and loop side of the Three-way • Zoning options —
MV2) are used to mix hot boiler Modulating Valves (MV1 and See pages 127-131.
water from the primary loop with MV2). These circulators are
cooler radiant return water from necessary to insure flow through
See pages 192-193.
the secondary loop to achieve the radiant panels. Without
the selected radiant supply water these circulators, flow through
temperature per the valve settings. each radiant panel would stop
The radiant panel loop(s) become once the Three-way Modulating
the secondary piping. Hot boiler Valves sense the supply water
water off the primary boiler loop has reached the desired
will feed the Secondary loops temperatures, closing the hot
for both the high- temperature (+) port of the valves. These are
radiation and the domestic hot considered secondary circulators,
water tank. Primary/secondary and should be sized to the flow
boiler piping allows for simplified (gpm) and head loss of the
piping in multiple temperature secondary loops only.
applications, protects the • Baseboard control — In this
boiler against low return water schematic, the baseboard loop(s)
temperature, possible flue gas is controlled with a circulator
condensation and possible short (ZP1), which will provide flow
cycling. In low-temperature through the high-temperature
(< 160°F) radiant heating radiation during a call for heat.

Non-condensing boiler Manifold with Telestats
Three-way modulating valves
Multi-temperature radiant floor heating
High-temperature radiation
Domestic hot water
Primary/secondary piping

S3
S3
Legend
P1
S3 Circulator
S3
Non-condensing boiler Manifold with Telestats
Three-way modulating valves
Multi-temperature radiant floor heating
S3 Note:
High-temperature radiation Expansion Tank
• Spacing between tees not to exceed 6" Manifold
Domestic hot water and Airwithout Telestats
Separator
Primary/secondary
S3piping
S3 S3
Ball Valve
1 1 S3
S3
S3
1
P1
S3 S3 Circulator
S3 1 1 S3 Zone Valve
S3

S3 Note:
• Spacing between tees not to exceed 6" Expansion Tank
and Air Separator
S3 OAS
S3
S3 S3
Place outdoor sensor Ball Valve
1 1 Non-condensing Boiler
above
S3 the snow line
1 on north-facing wall
S3
S3 1 1 S3 Zone Valve
Domestic Hot Water Tank
S3 OAS Valve (0-10v)
Place outdoor sensor Baseboard Boiler

Non-condensing
above the snow line
Domestic Hot Water Tank
Valve (0-10v)
Baseboard

Chapter 14
Electrical Schematics
Wiring Schematic 1 the ES terminals by the R/T, G/T Uponor Single-zone Pump Relay
• A3030101 Uponor Thermostats terminals on the Uponor Single- are dry contacts and require an
zone Pump Relay from an internal additional power supply. In most
• A3010522 Thermal Actuators transformer. When the circuit instances, power is supplied to
• A3030003/A3030004 Zone is completed between the relay these contacts from a transformer
Control Module (ZCM) and the ZCM, a coil in the relay within the boiler control off the
• A3010100 Single-zone is energized, closing the contacts T-T or R-G terminals. Consult the
Pump Relay to start the circulator and, in this heating equipment manufacturer’s
illustration, fire the boiler. Again, wiring schematics for the proper
• A3050050 50 VA Transformer
the contact 5 and 6NO on the terminals to energize the boiler.
Overview: Multiple zone control
and boiler enable using Uponor
Thermostats, Uponor Thermal
Rh W Rh W Rh W
Actuators, the Uponor Zone
Control Module (ZCM) and the
Uponor Single-zone Pump Relay.
24 VAC
Sequence of Operation: On a call Transformer
A3050050
for heat, the Uponor Thermostat
2 3 4 2 3 4 2 3 4
sends a signal to the Uponor
R R
ZCM, illuminating the yellow light C C
ES ES
on the ZCM. This call for heat ES R1 R2 Y1 Y2 R1 R2 Y1 Y2 R1 R2 Y1 Y2 ES
sends power to the actuator(s)

for that zone, energizing the
Red Wires
Yellow Wires
Red Wires
Yellow Wires
Red Wires
Yellow Wires
Y1-Y2 terminals on the ZCM. This
activates or opens the actuator(s),
allowing flow through these
loops on the manifold. Once the
actuator(s) have opened to a
minimal position, an end switch
inside of the actuator(s) will close,
illuminating the red light on the
ZCM. When end switch closure
is detected, a contact will close
Transformer
between the ES-ES terminals on
the ZCM, energizing the Uponor
Single-zone Pump Relay. Following
this control procedure will eliminate
C
any “dead-head” circulator
N N G/T
conditions for radiant circulator
L L R/T
(P1). The actuators must be open *
3 5
before the circulator will operate.
4NO 6NO
The ES terminals are considered 4NC 6NC
“dry contacts.” This means any Plug Relay
wiring connected to these terminals

Single-zone Pump Relay
is unpowered and will require an A3010100
*Factory-installed Jumper Boiler Control
auxiliary power source. In this
P1
schematic, power is applied to
Wiring Schematic 1
Complete Design Assistance Manual — Chapter 14 – Electrical Schematics 163

Wiring Schematic 2 for that zone, energizing the is unpowered and will require an
Y1-Y2 terminals on the ZCM. This auxiliary power source. In this
• A3030101 Uponor Thermostats activates or opens the actuator, schematic, power is applied to
• A3070526 Uponor Zone Valve allowing flow through these loops the ES terminals by the R/T, G/T
• A3030003/A3030004 Zone on the manifold. Once the actuator terminals on the Uponor Single-
Control Module (ZCM) has opened to a minimal position, zone Pump Relay from an internal
an end switch inside the actuator transformer. When the circuit
• A3010100 Single-zone
will close, illuminating the red light is completed between the relay
Pump Relay
on the ZCM. When end switch and the ZCM, a coil in the relay
• A3050050 50 VA Transformer closure is detected, a contact will is energized, closing the contacts
close between the ES-ES terminals to start the circulator and, in this
on the ZCM, energizing the illustration, fire the boiler. Again,
Uponor Single-zone Pump Relay. the contact 5 and 6NO on the
Thermostats, Uponor Zone Valves,
Following this control procedure Uponor Single-zone Pump Relay
the Uponor Zone Control Module
will eliminate any “dead-head” are dry contacts and require an
(ZCM) and the Uponor Single-zone
circulator conditions for radiant additional power supply. In most
Pump Relay.
circulator (P1). The actuators instances, power is supplied to
Sequence of Operation: On a call must be open before the circulator these contacts from a transformer
for heat, the Uponor Thermostat will operate. within the boiler control off the
sends a signal to the Uponor T-T or R-G terminals. Consult the
The ES terminals are considered
ZCM, illuminating the yellow light heating equipment manufacturer’s
“dry contacts.” This means any
on the ZCM. This call for heat wiring schematics for the proper
sends power to the Zone Valve terminals to energize the boiler.
164 Chapter 14 – Electrical Schematics — www.uponorpro.com

Rh W Rh W Rh W
24 VAC
Transformer
A3050050
2 3 4 2 3 4 2 3 4
R R
C C
ES ES
ES R1 R2 Y1 Y2 R1 R2 Y1 Y2 R1 R2 Y1 Y2 ES
Red Wires
Yellow Wires
Red Wires
Yellow Wires
Red Wires
Yellow Wires
Transformer
C
N N G/T
L L R/T
*
3 5
4NO 6NO
4NC 6NC
Plug Relay

A3010100
P1
Wiring Schematic 2

Wiring Schematic 3 power to the actuator(s) or Zone is unpowered and will require an
• A3030101 Uponor Thermostats Valve for that zone, energizing the auxiliary power source. In this
Y1-Y2 terminals on the ZCM. This schematic, power is applied to
• A3010522 Thermal Actuators activates or opens the actuator, the ES terminals by the R/T, G/T
• A3070526 Uponor Zone Valve allowing flow through these terminals on the Uponor Single-
• A3030003/A3030004 Zone loops on the manifold. Once the zone Pump Relay from an internal
Control Module (ZCM) actuator has opened to a minimal transformer. When the circuit
position, an end switch inside of is completed between the relay
the actuator will close, illuminating and the ZCM, a coil in the relay
Pump Relay
the red light on the ZCM. When is energized, closing the contacts
• A3050050 50 VA Transformer end switch closure is detected, to start the circulator and, in this
Overview: Multiple zone control a contact will close between the illustration, fire the boiler. Again,
and boiler enable using Uponor ES-ES terminals on the ZCM, the contact 5 and 6NO on the
Thermostats, Uponor Actuators, energizing the Uponor Single- Uponor Single-zone Pump Relay
Zone Valves, the Uponor Zone zone Pump Relay. Following this are dry contacts and require an
Control Module (ZCM) and the control procedure will eliminate any additional power supply. In most
Uponor Single Pump Relay. “deadhead” circulator conditions instances, power is supplied to
for radiant circulator (P1). The these contacts from a transformer
Sequence of Operation: On a call actuator(s) must be open before within the boiler control off the
for heat, the Uponor Thermostat the circulator will operate. T-T or R-G terminals. Consult the
sends a signal to the Uponor heating equipment manufacturer’s
Zone Control Module (ZCM), The ES terminals are considered
wiring schematics for the proper
illuminating the yellow light on “dry contacts.” This means any
terminals to energize the boiler.
the ZCM. This call for heat sends wiring connected to these terminals

Rh W Rh W Rh W
24 VAC
Transformer
A3050050
2 3 4 2 3 4 2 3 4
R R
C C
ES ES
Red Wires
Yellow Wires
Red Wires
Yellow Wires
Yellow Wires
Yellow Wires
Yellow Wires
Red Wires
Red Wires
Red Wires
Transformer
C
N N G/T
L L R/T
*
3 5
4NO 6NO
4NC 6NC
Plug Relay

A3010100
P1
Wiring Schematic 3

Wiring Schematic 4 Three-zone Multi-pump Relay. In is unpowered and will require an
• A3030101 Uponor Thermostats this schematic, power is applied to auxiliary power source. In most
the DT10 Thermostats by the T1 instances, power is supplied to
• A3080301 Three-zone and T2 terminals on the Uponor these contacts from a transformer
Multi-pump Relay Three-zone Multi-pump Relay within the boiler controls off the
Overview: Multiple zone from an internal transformer. T-T or R-G terminals. Consult the
control and boiler enable using When the circuit is completed heating equipment manufacturer’s
Uponor Thermostats operating between the thermostat and the wiring schematics for the proper
multiple radiant circulators circulator panel, a coil in the relay terminals to energize the boiler.
(P1 and P2), using the Uponor is energized, closing the contacts
Three-zone Multi-pump Relay. to start the circulator and, in
this illustration, fire the boiler.
Sequence of Operation: On a call Contacts X1/X2 are considered
for heat, the Uponor Thermostat “dry contacts.” This means any
sends a signal to the Uponor wiring connected to these terminals

Rh W Rh W
Three-zone Multi-pump Relay A3080301
Transformer
C R T1 T1 T2 T2 T3 T3
CP/ X2/
L2 ZC L1 X1 ZR PR PR C1 C1 C2 C2 C3 C3
L N Boiler Control
Line Voltage
P1 P2
Wiring Schematic 4

Wiring Schematic 5 actuator(s) have opened to a in this illustration, fire the boiler.
• A3030101 Uponor Thermostats minimal position, an end switch Again, the contacts X1/X2 are dry
inside of the actuator(s) will close, contacts and require an additional
• A3010522 Thermal Actuators illuminating the red light on the power supply. In most instances,
• A3030003/A3030004 Zone ZCM. When end switch closure power is supplied to these contacts
Control Module (ZCM) is detected, a contact will close from a transformer within the
• A3080301 Three-zone between the ES-ES terminals on boiler controls off the T-T or R-G
Multi-pump Relay the ZCM, energizing the Uponor terminals. Consult the heating
Three-zone Multi-pump Relay. equipment manufacturer’s wiring
Following this control procedure schematics for the proper terminals
Overview: Multiple zone will eliminate any “dead-head” to energize the boiler.
control and boiler enable using circulator conditions for the radiant
Also shown in this schematic
Uponor Thermostats, Uponor circulator (P1). The actuator(s)
is a separate thermostat used
Actuators, the Uponor Zone must be open before the circulator
to control a second radiant
Control Module (ZCM) operating will operate.
circulator (P2). In this example,
multiple radiant circulators
The ES terminals are considered the thermostat is directly wired to
(P1, P2, P3), using the Uponor
“dry contacts.” This means any the relay to operate that second
Three-zone Multi-pump Relay.
wiring connected to these terminals circulator. This scenario exists when
Sequence of Operation: On a call are unpowered and will require a manifold is treated as a single
for heat, the Uponor Thermostat an auxiliary power source. In this zone, controlled by a circulator
sends a signal to the Uponor schematic, power is applied to instead of a zone valve. Power is
ZCM, illuminating the yellow light the ES terminals by the T1/T1 supplied to the thermostat from
on the ZCM. This call for heat terminals on the Uponor Three- the T2/T2 terminals. When the
sends power to the actuator(s) zone Multi-pump Relay from an thermostat calls for heat, the circuit
for that zone, energizing the internal transformer. When the between the T2 terminals is closed
Y1-Y2 terminals on the ZCM. This circuit is completed between the and a coil is energized in the relay,
activates or opens the actuator(s), relay and the ZCM, a coil in the starting the radiant circulator (P2)
allowing flow through these relay is energized, closing the and closing the contacts between
loops on the manifold. Once the contacts to start the circulator and, X1/X2, starting the boiler.

Rh W Rh W Rh W
24 VAC
Transformer
A3050050
2 3 4 2 3 4 2 3 4
R R
C C
ES ES
ES R1R2Y1Y2 R1R2Y1Y2 R1R2Y1Y2 ES
Red Wires
Yellow Wires
Red Wires
Yellow Wires
Red Wires
Yellow Wires
Rh W
Rh W Rh W Rh W
24 VAC
Transformer
A3050050
2 3 4 2 3 4 2 3 4
R R
C C
ES ES
Red Wires
Yellow Wires
Red Wires
Yellow Wires
Red Wires
Yellow Wires
Transformer
C R T1 T1 T2 T2 T3 T3
CP/ X2/
L N Boiler Control
Line Voltage
P1 P2 P3
Wiring Schematic 5

Wiring Schematic 6 loops on the manifold. Once the in this illustration, fire the boiler.
• A3030101 Uponor Thermostats actuator(s) have opened to a Again, the contacts X1/X2 are dry
minimal position, an end switch contacts and require an additional
• A3010522 Thermal Actuators inside of the actuator(s) will close, power supply. In most instances,
• A3030003/A3030004 Zone illuminating the red light on the power is supplied to these contacts
Control Module (ZCM) ZCM. When end switch closure from a transformer within the
• A3080301 Three-zone is detected, a contact will close boiler controls off the T-T or R-G
Multi-pump Relay between the ES-ES terminals on terminals. Consult the heating
the ZCM, energizing the Uponor equipment manufacturer’s wiring
Three-zone Multi-pump Relay. schematics for the proper terminals
Overview: Multiple zone control Following this control procedure to energize the boiler.
and boiler enable using Uponor will eliminate any “dead-head”
Also shown in this schematic
Thermostats, Uponor Actuators, circulator conditions for radiant
is a separate thermostat used
the Uponor Zone Control Module circulator (P1). The actuator(s)
to control a second radiant
(ZCM) operating one radiant must be open before the circulator
circulator (P2). In this example,
circulator (P1), along with a single will operate.
the thermostat is directly wired to
Uponor Thermostat operating a
The ES terminals are considered the relay to operate that second
second radiant circulator (P2),
“dry contacts.” This means any circulator. This scenario exists when
using the Uponor Three-zone
wiring connected to these terminals a manifold is treated as a single
Multi-pump Relay.
are unpowered and will require zone, controlled by a circulator
Sequence of Operation: On a call an auxiliary power source. In this instead of a zone valve. Power is
for heat, the Uponor Thermostat schematic, power is applied to supplied to the thermostat from
sends a signal to the Uponor the ES terminals by the T1/T1 the T2/T2 terminals. When the
ZCM, illuminating the yellow light terminals on the Uponor Three- thermostat calls for heat, the
on the ZCM. This call for heat zone Multi-pump Relay from an circuit between the T2 terminals is
sends power to the actuator(s) internal transformer. When the closed and a coil is energized in the
for that zone, energizing the circuit is completed between the relay, starting the radiant circulator
Y1-Y2 terminals on the ZCM. This relay and the ZCM, a coil in the (P2) and closing the contacts
activates or opens the actuator(s), relay is energized, closing the between X1/X2, starting the boiler.
allowing flow through these contacts to start the circulator and,

Rh W Rh W
24 VAC Rh W
Transformer
A3050050
2 3 4 2 3 4 2 3 4
R R
C C
ES ES
Yellow Wires
Yellow Wires
Yellow Wires
Yellow Wires
Yellow Wires
Yellow Wires
Red Wires
Red Wires
Red Wires
Red Wires
Red Wires
Red Wires
Transformer
C R T1 T1 T2 T2 T3 T3
CP/ X2/
L N Boiler Control
Line Voltage
P1 P2
Wiring Schematic 6

Wiring Schematic 7 energizing the Y1-Y2 terminals the relay and the ZCM, a coil in
• A3030101 Uponor Thermostats on the ZCM. This activates or the relay is energized, closing the
opens the actuator(s), allowing contacts to start the circulator and,
• A3010522 Thermal Actuators flow through these loops on the in this illustration, fire the boiler.
• A3030003/A3030004 Zone manifold. Once the actuator(s) Again, the contacts X1/X2 on the
Control Module (ZCM) have opened to a minimal position, Uponor Three-zone Multi-pump
• A3080301 Three-zone an end switch inside of the Relay are dry contacts and require
Multi-pump Relay actuator(s) will close, illuminating an additional power supply. In most
the red light on the ZCM. When instances, power is supplied to
end switch closure is detected, these contacts from a transformer
• A3070526 Uponor 1" Zone Valve a contact will close between the within the boiler control off the
Overview: Multiple zone control, ES-ES terminals on the ZCM, T-T or R-G terminals. Consult the
multiple circulator control (P1 energizing the Uponor Three-zone heating equipment manufacturer’s
and P2) and boiler enable using Multi-pump Relay. Following this wiring schematics for the proper
Uponor Thermostats, Uponor control procedure will eliminate any terminals to energize the boiler.
Actuators, the Uponor Zone “dead-head” circulator conditions
Also shown in this schematic is
Control Module (ZCM) and the for radiant circulator (P1). The
a separate thermostat wired to a
Uponor Three-zone Multi-pump actuator(s) must be open before
ZCM to control a zone valve (M1).
Relay, along with a single Uponor the circulator will operate.
The zone valve can be wired to
Thermostat operating a zone valve The ES terminals are considered the thermostat using the ZCM.
(M1), also wired through the “dry contacts.” This means any Following the same sequence of
Uponor ZCM. wiring connected to these terminals operation as above, the red wires
Sequence of Operation: is unpowered and will require an from the internal end switch are
On a call for heat, the Uponor auxiliary power source. In this wired in parallel to the wiring from
Thermostat sends a signal to schematic, power is applied to the the multiple circulator relay panel.
the Uponor ZCM, illuminating ZCM ES terminals by the T1-T1 This wiring configuration will allow
the yellow light on the ZCM. and T2-T2 terminals on the Uponor a call for heat from either the relay
This call for heat sends power Three-zone Multi-pump Relay panel or the zone valve to activate
to the actuator(s) for that zone, from an internal transformer. When the boiler.
the circuit is completed between

Rh W Rh W
24 VAC
Transformer
A3050050
2 3 4 2 3 4 2 3 4
R R
C C
ES ES
Yellow Wires
Yellow Wires
Yellow Wires
Yellow Wires
Yellow Wires
Yellow Wires
Red Wires
Red Wires
Red Wires
Red Wires
Red Wires
Red Wires
Rh W Rh W
24 VAC
Transformer
A3050050
2 3 4 2 3 4 2 3 4
R R
C C
ES ES
Yellow Wires
Yellow Wires
Yellow Wires
Yellow Wires
Yellow Wires
Yellow Wires
Red Wires
Red Wires
Red Wires
Red Wires
Red Wires
Red Wires
Transformer
C R T1 T1 T2 T2 T3 T3
Rh W
24 VAC
Transformer
A3050050
CP/ X2/
Yellow Wires
L2 ZC L1 X1 ZR
Red Wires
PR PR C1 C1 C2 C2 C3 C3
M1
L N
Line Voltage
P1 P2
Boiler Control
Wiring Schematic 7

Wiring Schematic 8 have opened to a minimal position, these contacts from a transformer
• A3030101 Uponor Thermostats an end switch inside of the within the boiler control off the
actuator(s) will close, illuminating T-T or R-G terminals. Consult the
• A3010522 Thermal Actuators the red light on the ZCM. When heating equipment manufacturer’s
• A3030003/A3030004 Zone end switch closure is detected, wiring schematics for the proper
Control Module (ZCM) a contact will close between terminals to energize the boiler.
• A3010100 Single-zone the ES-ES terminals on the
The Uponor SetPoint 150
Pump Relay ZCM, energizing the Uponor
Controller is added in series to
Single-zone Pump Relay. Following
• A3050050 50 VA Transformer the wiring between the Uponor
this control procedure will eliminate
• A3040150 Uponor SetPoint 150 Single-zone Pump Relay and the
any “dead-head” circulator
Controller (SPC) boiler control. The SPC is used to
conditions for the radiant circulator
control the radiant supply water
Overview: Multiple zone control (P1). The actuators must be open
temperature, possibly through a
and circulator control (P1) using before the circulator will operate.
heat exchanger. For example, if the
Uponor Thermostats, Uponor The ES terminals are considered SPC is set for 120°F and the sensor
Actuators, the Uponor Zone “dry contacts.” This means any (S1) is reading a temperature
Control Module (ZCM) and the wiring connected to these terminals below the setpoint, the contacts 3
Uponor Single-zone Pump Relay. is unpowered and will require an and 4 are closed and the boiler is
Radiant supply water temperature auxiliary power source. In this allowed to fire. If the temperature
and boiler enable is controlled schematic, power is applied to being read on sensor S1 is higher
by the Uponor SetPoint 150 the ES terminals by the R/T, G/T the than the desired temperature,
Controller (SPC). terminals on the Uponor Single- the contacts between 3 and 4 are
Sequence of Operation: On a zone Pump Relay from an internal open and the boiler does not fire.
call for heat, the Uponor transformer. When the circuit The zones open, and the radiant
Thermostat sends a signal to is completed between the relay circulator (P1) operates, but it is
the Uponor ZCM, illuminating and the ZCM, a coil in the relay not necessary to fire the boiler
the yellow light on the ZCM. is energized, closing the contacts and add heat when the proper
This call for heat sends power to start the circulator and, in this supply water temperature is being
to the actuator(s) for that zone, illustration, fire the boiler. Again, delivered. Consult the boiler
energizing the Y1-Y2 terminals the contact 5 and 6NO on the manufacturer’s wiring schematics
on the ZCM. This activates or Uponor Single-zone Pump Relay for the proper terminals to energize
opens the actuator(s), allowing are dry contacts and require an the boiler.
flow through these loops on the additional power supply. In most
manifold. Once the actuator(s) instances, power is supplied to

Rh W Rh W
24 VAC
Transformer
A3050050
2 3 4 2 3 4 2 3 4
R R
C C
ES ES
Yellow Wires
Yellow Wires
Yellow Wires
Yellow Wires
Yellow Wires
Yellow Wires
Red Wires
Red Wires
Red Wires
Red Wires
Red Wires
Red Wires
Transformer
C
N N G/T
L L R/T
*
3 5
4NO 6NO
4NC 6NC
Plug Relay

A3010100
SetPoint 150 Controller
*Factory-installed Jumper
A3040150
P1
C R R NO 5 6
24 VAC
Transformer S1
A3050050
To Boiler Control
Wiring Schematic 8

Wiring Schematic 9 for that zone, energizing the are unpowered and will require
Y1-Y2 terminals on the ZCM. This an auxiliary power source. In this
• A3030101 Uponor Thermostats activates or opens the actuator(s), schematic, power is applied to the
• A3010522 Thermal Actuators) allowing flow through these ES terminals on either ZCM by the
• A3030003/A3030004 Zone loops on the manifold. Once the T1/T1 and T2/T2 terminals on the
Control Module (ZCM) actuator(s) have opened to a Uponor Three-zone Multi-pump
minimal position, an end switch Relay from an internal transformer.
• A3080301 Three-zone
inside of the actuator will close, When the circuit is completed
Multi-pump Relay
illuminating the red light on the between the relay and the ZCM,
• A3050050 50 VA Transformer ZCM. When end switch closure a coil in the relay is energized,
is detected, a contact will close closing the contacts to start the
between the ES-ES terminals circulator and, in this illustration,
on the ZCM, energizing the fire the boiler. Again, the contacts
Thermostats, Uponor Actuators,
corresponding circulator through X1/X2 are dry contacts and require
the Uponor Zone Control Module
the Uponor Three-zone Multi- an additional power supply. In most
(ZCM) operating two radiant
pump Relay. Following this control instances, power is supplied to
circulators (P1 and P2) using
procedure will eliminate any “dead- these contacts from a transformer
the Uponor Three-zone
head” circulator condition for the within the boiler controls off the
Multi-pump Relay.
radiant circulators (P1 and P2). The T-T or R-G terminals. Consult the
Sequence of Operation: On a call actuators must be open before the heating equipment manufacturer’s
for heat, the Uponor Thermostat circulator will operate. wiring schematics for the proper
sends a signal to the Uponor terminals to energize the boiler.
The ES terminals are considered
ZCM, illuminating the yellow light
“dry contacts.” This means any
on the ZCM. This call for heat

Rh W Rh W Rh W
24 VAC
Transformer
A3050050
2 3 4 2 3 4 2 3 4
R R
C C
ES ES
Red Wires
Yellow Wires
Red Wires
Yellow Wires
Red Wires
Yellow Wires
Rh W Rh W Rh W
24 VAC
Transformer
A3050050
2 3 4 2 3 4 2 3 4
R R
C C
ES ES
Red Wires
Yellow Wires
Red Wires
Yellow Wires
Red Wires
Yellow Wires
Transformer
C R T1 T1 T2 T2 T3 T3
CP/ X2/
L N Boiler Control
Line Voltage
P1 P2
Wiring Schematic 9

Wiring Schematic 10 is detected, a contact will close contacts.” This means any wiring
• A3030101 Uponor Thermostats between the ES-ES terminals on connected to these terminals is
the ZCM, energizing the Uponor unpowered and will require an
• A3010522 Thermal Actuators Single-zone Pump Relay. Following auxiliary power source. In most
• A3030003/A3030004 Zone this control procedure will eliminate instances, power is supplied to
Control Module (ZCM) any “dead-head” circulator these contacts from a transformer
• A3010100 Single-zone conditions for radiant circulator within the boiler control off the
Pump Relay (P1). The actuator(s) must be open TT or R-G terminals. Consult the
before the circulator will operate. heating equipment manufacturer’s
This wiring schematic is typical of
Overview: Multiple zone control terminals to energize the boiler.
piping arrangements using a mixing
tank to add mass to the system It is also important to understand
and control water temperature. In how this type of wiring scheme
the Uponor Zone Control
this schematic, there is no wiring de-energizes. Once the call from
Module (ZCM) and the Uponor
between the single circulator relay the thermostat is ended, signifying
Single-zone Pump Relay.
panel and the heat plant. This heat a satisfied space temperature,
Sequence of Operation: On a call plant could be a non-condensing the radiant circulator (P1) is shut
for heat, the Uponor Thermostat boiler, condensing boiler, heat off. However, depending on the
sends a signal to the Uponor circulator, etc. A call for heat from water temperature inside the
ZCM, illuminating the yellow light any of the zones will start the tank, the aquastat contacts will
on the ZCM. This call for heat radiant circulator (P2) and begin remain closed, continuing to fire
sends power to the actuator(s) to circulator the heat away from the heat plant, until the required
for that zone, energizing the the buffer tank. An aquastat (AQ1) water temperature is achieved
Y1-Y2 terminals on the ZCM. This is added to the tank to control by the buffer tank. After the set
activates or opens the actuator(s), the heat plant. Depending on the temperature is sensed in the tank
allowing flow through these differential setting on the aquastat, by the aquastat, the contacts
loops on the manifold. Once the once the tank temperature open and interrupt the signal to
actuator(s) have opened to a has dropped below the desired the heat plant.
minimal position, an end switch temperature setting, the contact
inside of the actuator(s) will close, will close and fire the heating
illuminating the red light on the equipment. The terminals inside of
ZCM. When end switch closure the aquastat are considered “dry

Rh W Rh W Rh W
24 VAC
Transformer
A3050050
2 3 4 2 3 4 2 3 4
R R
C C
ES ES
Red Wires
Yellow Wires
Red Wires
Yellow Wires
Red Wires
Yellow Wires
Transformer
C
N N G/T
L L R/T
*
3 5
4NO 6NO
4NC 6NC
AQ1
Plug Relay

A3010100
P1
Boiler
Control
Wiring Schematic 10

Wiring Schematic 11 actuator(s) have opened to a The thermostatic gas valve on the
minimal position, an end switch water heater controls the water
• A3030101 Uponor Thermostats inside of the actuator(s) will close, temperature inside the tank,
• A3010522 Thermal Actuators illuminating the red light on the opening and closing the main gas
• A3030003/A3030004 Zone ZCM. When end switch closure valve depending on the water
Control Module (ZCM) is detected, a contact will close temperature inside. Once the tank
between the ES-ES terminals on temperature has dropped below
the ZCM, energizing the Uponor the temperature setting on the
Pump Relay
Single-zone Pump Relay. Following tank thermostat, the main gas
• A3050050 50 VA Transformer this control procedure will eliminate valve will open and begin to heat
any “dead-head” circulator the water. After the call for heat
conditions for radiant circulator has ended, the water heater’s
(P1). The actuator(s) must be open main burner will continue to fire
before the circulator will operate. until the tank thermostat setting
is achieved.
Module (ZCM) and the Uponor This wiring schematic is typical
Single-zone Pump Relay. of piping arrangements using a Important: Consult local codes
water heater for a heat plant. In prior to using a water heater as a
Sequence of Operation: On a call
this schematic, there is no wiring heat plant.
for heat, the Uponor Thermostat
between the single circulator relay
sends a signal to the Uponor
panel and the heat plant primarily
ZCM, illuminating the yellow light
because water heaters use milivolt
on the ZCM. This call for heat
controls and cannot be interfaced
with low or 24-volt wiring. A call
for that zone, energizing the
for heat from any of the zones
Y1-Y2 terminals on the ZCM. This
will start the radiant circulator
activates or opens the actuator(s),
(P1) and begin to circulator the
allowing flow through these
heat away from the water heater.
loops on the manifold. Once the

Rh W Rh W Rh W
24 VAC
Transformer
A3050050
2 3 4 2 3 4 2 3 4
R R
C C
ES ES
Red Wires
Yellow Wires
Red Wires
Yellow Wires
Red Wires
Yellow Wires
Transformer
C
N N G/T
L L R/T
*
3 5
4NO 6NO
4NC 6NC
Plug Relay

A3010100
P1
Wiring Schematic 11

Wiring Schematic 12 on the ZCM. This call for heat The ES terminals are considered
• A3030101 Uponor Thermostats sends power to the actuator(s) “dry contacts.” This means any
for that zone, energizing the wiring connected to these terminals
• A3010522 Thermal Actuators Y1-Y2 terminals on the ZCM. This is unpowered and will require an
• A3030003/A3030004 Zone activates or opens the actuator(s), auxiliary power source. In this
Control Module (ZCM) allowing flow through these schematic, power is supplied to
• A3050050 50 VA Transformer loops on the manifold. Once the these contacts from a transformer
actuator(s) have opened to a within the boiler control off the
Overview: Multiple zone control minimal position, an end switch T-T or R-G terminals. Consult the
and boiler enable using Uponor inside of the actuator(s) will close, heating equipment manufacturer’s
Thermostats, Uponor Actuators illuminating the red light on the wiring schematics for the proper
and the Uponor Zone Control ZCM. When end switch closure terminals to energize the boiler.
Module (ZCM). is detected, a contact will close
Sequence of Operation: On a call between the ES-ES terminals on
for heat, the Uponor Thermostat the ZCM, completing the boiler
sends a signal to the Uponor circuit. The actuator(s) must be
ZCM, illuminating the yellow light open before the boiler will operate.

Rh W Rh W
24 VAC
Transformer
A3050050
2 3 4 2 3 4 2 3 4
R R
C C
ES ES
Yellow Wires
Yellow Wires
Yellow Wires
Yellow Wires
Yellow Wires
Yellow Wires
Red Wires
Red Wires
Red Wires
Red Wires
Red Wires
Red Wires
Boiler Control
Wiring Schematic 12

Wiring Schematic 13 closure is detected, a contact temperatures and protecting the
• A3030101 Uponor Thermostats will close between the ES-ES boiler from flue gas condensation.
terminals on the ZCM, energizing
• A3010522 Thermal Actuators Sensor S2 provides boiler return
the Multifunction Controller and
• A3030003/A3030004 Zone water protection. This sensor will
Modulating Valve. Following this
Control Module (ZCM) not allow the Modulating Valve
control procedure will eliminate any
to increase water temperature to
• A3050050 50 VA Transformer “dead-head” circulator conditions
the radiant panel unless the set
for radiant circulator (P1). The
• A8020000 Climate CŏntrolTM temperature for minimum return
actuator(s) must be open before
Multifunction Controller has been satisfied, eliminating low
the circulator will operate.
return water temperatures and
When the circuit is completed protecting the boiler from flue gas
between the control and the ZCM, condensation and thermal shock.
the appropriate circulator (P1)
the Uponor Zone Control Module The boiler connections through
will start along with the mixing
(ZCM) and the Multifunction the on/off boiler relay are
function based on the user setup.
Controller and Modulating Valve considered “dry contacts.” This
When this occurs, the secondary
to control the radiant supply means any wiring connected to
pump (P1) will run continuously
water temperature. these terminals are unpowered
until the heat demand has ended.
and will require an auxiliary power
Sequence of Operation: On a call At the same time, the modulating
source. In this schematic, power is
for heat, the Uponor Thermostat valve will become active. This
applied to these terminals by the
sends a signal to the Uponor valve will automatically adjust
boiler operating control. In most
ZCM, illuminating the yellow light itself to deliver the correct water
instances, power is supplied to
on the ZCM. This call for heat temperature based on the user
these contacts from a transformer
sends power to the actuator(s) set-up information and the current
within the boiler control off the
for that zone, energizing the outdoor temperature. The boiler
T-T or R-G terminals. Consult the
Y1-Y2 terminals on the ZCM. This will turn on and operate as the
heating equipment manufacturer’s
activates or opens the actuator(s), Multifunction Controller determines
allowing flow through these that hotter water is required for
terminals to energize the boiler.
loops on the manifold. Once the mixing. Sensor S2 provides boiler
actuator(s) have opened to a return water protection. This sensor
minimal position, an end switch will not allow the valve to increase
inside of the actuator(s) will the water temperatures unless the
close, illuminating the red light minimum boiler return temperature
on the ZCM. When end switch is met, eliminating low return water

Boiler Relay, On-Off
A9012010 Boiler
Terminals
TT-A TT-B
24 VAC
Transformer
A3050050
S1 Supply
OK Dual Sensor
A9013001
ZCM End Switch S2 Return

ES
ES ON TX TX
RUN RX RX
2A Max
24 VAC
C R
Port 1
External
Input 1 Display
Port 1
1
Demand Input Dry Contact Only
L N
Port 2
Input 2 Port 2
2
Pump Relay, On-Off

3
Port 3
A9013030
Input 3 Port 3
4
Manual
5
Port 4
Input 4 Port 4
Black
6
White
Auto
Port 5
7
Input 5 Port 5 Red

8
Port 6
OAS OAS Input 6 Port 6

Dry 24VAC 1 A max
1 2
Demand Output
Port 7
Note: Outdoor temp provided Input 7 Port 7

with Climate Cŏntrol
3
Multifunction Controller
Port 8
Input 8 Port 8 S3 Supply

4
S4 Return
Climate Cŏntrol Multifunction Controller Modulating Valve Control
A8020000 A9063020
Manual Auto
FB
Green PWR
CNTL
White RED
Wiring Schematic 13

Wiring Schematic 14 on the ZCM. When end switch determines that hotter water
• A3030101 Uponor Thermostats closure is detected, a contact is required for mixing. Sensor
will close between the ES-ES S2 provides boiler return water
• A3020522 Thermal Actuators terminals on the ZCM, energizing protection. This sensor will not
• A3030003/A3030004 Zone the Multifunction Controller. allow the injection circulators to
Control Module (ZCM) Following this control procedure increase the water temperatures
• A3050050 50 VA Transformer will eliminate any “dead-head” unless the minimum boiler return
circulator conditions for radiant temperature is met, eliminating low
• A8020000 Climate Cŏntrol
circulators (SP1 and SP2). The return water temperatures
actuator(s) must be open before and protecting the boiler from flue
Overview: Multiple zone control these circulators will operate. gas condensation.
In this schematic, power is applied The boiler connections through
to the ES terminals by the Demand the on/off boiler relay are
terminals on the Multifunction considered “dry contacts.” This
Module (ZCM) and the Uponor
Controller, powered by an external means any wiring connected to
Multifunction Controller to
transformer. When the circuit is these terminals is unpowered and
control two radiant supply water
completed between the control will require an auxiliary power
temperatures.
and the ZCM, the appropriate source. In this schematic, power is
Sequence of Operation: On a call circulator will start along with applied to these terminals by the
for heat, the Uponor Thermostat the mixing function based on the boiler operating control. In most
sends a signal to the Uponor user setup. When this occurs, the instances, power is supplied to
ZCM, illuminating the yellow light secondary pump (SP1 or SP2) will these contacts from a transformer
on the ZCM. This call for heat run continuously until the heat within the boiler control off the
sends power to the actuator(s) demand has ended. At the same T-T or R-G terminals. Consult the
for that zone, energizing the time, the mixing devices (pumps heating equipment manufacturer’s
Y1-Y2 terminals on the ZCM. This or valves) will become active. wiring schematics for the proper
activates or opens the actuator(s), These will automatically adjust terminals to energize the boiler.
allowing flow through these themselves to deliver the correct
loops on the manifold. Once the water temperature based on the
actuator(s) have opened to a user set-up information and the
minimal position, an end switch current outdoor temperature. The
inside of the actuator(s) will boiler will turn on and operate
close, illuminating the red light as the Multifunction Controller

A9012010 Boiler L
Terminals N
TT-A TT-B
Pump Relay, On-Off
A9013030
Manual
Black
Dual Sensor White
S1 Supply Auto Red
A9013001
24 VAC
Transformer S2 Return
A3050050
SP1
OK
ZCM End Switch
ES Pump Relay, On-Off
ES A9013030
ON TX TX Manual
RUN RX RX
2A Max
24 VAC
C R
Port 1
External Black
Input 1 Display
Port 1
White
Demand Input Dry Contact Only
Auto
1
Red
Port 2
Port 2
2
Input 2
3
Port 3
ZCM End Switch

Input 3 Port 3
4
ES Dual Sensor
5
S3 Supply
ES A9013001
Port 4
Input 4 Port 4 IP1

6
S4 Return
7
Port 5
Input 5 Port 5
8
OAS
Port 6
Input 6 Port 6 Pump Relay, On-Off

Dry 24VAC 1 A max
1 2
Demand Output
A9013030
Port 7
Input 7 Port 7
Manual
3
Black
4
OAS
Port 8
Input 8 Port 8
White
Auto Red
Note: Outdoor temp provided
with Climate Cŏntrol
Climate Cŏntrol Multifunction Controller
A8020000
Dual Sensor
S5 Supply SP2
A9013001
S6 Return
Pump Relay, On-Off

A9013030
Manual
Black
White
Auto Red
IP2
Wiring Schematic 14

Wiring Schematic 15 any “dead-head” circulator Sensor. However, snow melting
• A3030101 Uponor Thermostats conditions for radiant circulators can be started manually if the
(SP1 and SP2). The actuators must Snow-melt Control (A9013061)
• A3010522 Thermal Actuators be open before these circulators and an optional remote push
• A3030003/A3030004 Zone will operate. button are installed. For automatic
Control Module (ZCM) operation, when moisture is
In this schematic, power is applied
• A3050050 50 VA Transformer detected on the sensor, a contact
to the ES terminals by the Demand
(green/white wires) will close to
• A8020000 Climate Cŏntrol terminals on the Multifunction
start snow-melting operation.
Multifunction Controller Controller, powered by an external
When this happens, SP2 will turn
• A9013061 Snow-melt Control transformer. When the circuit is
on and run until the sensor is
completed between the control
Overview: Multiple zone control clear and the minimum run timer
and the ZCM, the appropriate
and boiler enable using Uponor (user-adjustable setting) has
circulator will start along with
Thermostats, Uponor Actuators, timed out. Once the snow-melting
the mixing function based on the
the Uponor Zone Control Module operation begins, the slab will heat
user setup. When this occurs, the
(ZCM) and the Multifunction to the target melting temperature
secondary pump (SP1 or SP2) will
Controller to control radiant (user adjustable setting). Once
run continuously until the heat
and snow-melt supply water this setting is reached, SP2 will
demand has ended. At the same
temperatures. continue to run, but the injection
time, the mixing devices (IP1 and
pump will turn off as to not add
Sequence of Operation: On a call IP2) will become active. These will
any additional heat.
for heat, the Uponor Thermostat automatically adjust themselves
sends a signal to the Uponor to deliver the correct water The boiler connections through
ZCM, illuminating the yellow light temperature based on the user the on/off boiler relay are
on the ZCM. This call for heat set-up information and the current considered “dry contacts.” This
sends power to the actuator(s) outdoor temperature. The boiler means any wiring connected to
for that zone, energizing the will turn on and operate as the these terminals is unpowered and
Y1-Y2 terminals on the ZCM. This Multifunction Controller determines will require an auxiliary power
activates or opens the actuator(s), that hotter water is required for source. In this schematic, power is
allowing flow through these mixing. Sensor S2 provides boiler applied to these terminals by the
loops on the manifold. Once the return water protection. This boiler operating control. In most
actuator(s) have opened to a sensor will not allow the injection instances, power is supplied to
minimal position, an end switch circulators to increase the water these contacts from a transformer
inside of the actuator(s) will close, temperatures unless the minimum within the boiler control off the
illuminating the red light on the boiler return temperature is met, T-T or R-G terminals. Consult the
ZCM. When end switch closure eliminating low return water heating equipment manufacturer’s
is detected, a contact will close temperatures and protecting the wiring schematics for the proper
between the ES-ES terminals boiler from flue gas condensation. terminals to energize the boiler.
on the ZCM, energizing the In this schematic, snow melting
Multifunction Controller. Following is set up for automatic operation
this control procedure will eliminate using the Automatic Snow Ice
190 Chapter 14 – Electrical

Electric Schematics — www.uponorpro.com
A9012010 Boiler L
Terminals N
24 VAC
TT-A TT-B
Transformer Pump Relay, On-Off
A3050050 A9013030
Manual
OK
Black
Dual Sensor White
S1 Supply Auto Red
A9013001
ON TX TX S2 Return
RUN RX RX
2A Max Demand Input Dry Contact Only
24 VAC
C R
Port 1
External
Input 1 Display
Port 1
1 2 3 4
SP1
Port 2
Input 2 Port 2
Port 3
ZCM End Switch Input 3 Port 3
5 6
Port 4
ES Input 4 Port 4 A9013030
Manual
7 8
Port 5
Input 5 Port 5
Black
OAS White
Port 6
Input 6 Port 6 Auto Red
Dry 24VAC 1 A max
1 2
Demand Output
Port 7
Input 7 Port 7
3
Dual Sensor
4
Port 8
Input 8 Port 8 S3 Supply

A9013001 IP1
OAS
S4 Return
Note: Outdoor temp provided
with Climate Cŏntrol Multifunction Controller
Climate Cŏntrol Multifunction Controller
A8020000 Pump Relay, On-Off
A9013030
Manual
Black
White
24 VAC Auto Red
Transformer
A3050050
Black/Red
Dual Sensor
S5 Supply SP2
A9013001
S6 Return
Pump Relay, On-Off

Snow Melt Control A9013030
A9013061
Note: Snow Ice sensor must be powered
by dedicated transformer Manual
White/Green
Sensor Slab
SM
Black
Snow Ice Dector White
A9013062 Slab sensor Auto Red
factory 60 ft. lead
Rough In Cup
A9013060
IP2
Wiring Schematic 15

Wiring Schematic 16 the Multifunction Controller. increase the water temperatures
• A3030101 Uponor Thermostats Following this control procedure unless the minimum boiler return
will eliminate any “dead-head” temperature is met, eliminating
• A3010522 Thermal Actuators circulator conditions for radiant low return water temperatures
• A3030003/A3030004 Zone circulators (SP1 and SP2). The and protecting the boiler from
Control Module (ZCM) actuator(s) must be open before flue gas condensation.
• A3050050 50 VA Transformer the circulator(s) will operate.
Also connected to the
• A8020000 Climate Cŏntrol The ES terminals are considered Multifunction Controller is
Multifunction Controller “dry contacts.” This means any domestic hot water (DHW) when
wiring connected to these terminals using an indirect water tank.
Overview: Multiple zone control,
is unpowered and will require an The Multifunction Controller can
multiple circulator control (SP1
auxiliary power source. In this control the DHW either through
and SP2) and boiler enable using
schematic, power is applied to a 10K sensor (as shown) or an
Uponor Thermostats, Uponor
the ES terminals by the Demand internal aquastat included with the
Actuators, the Uponor Zone
terminals on the Multifunction hot water tank. When piped off
Control Module (ZCM) and the
Controller, powered by an external of a primary loop, the control will
Multifunction Controller to
transformer. When the circuit is automatically manage both the
control radiant and domestic hot
completed between the control and hot water production and space
water (DHW).
the ZCM, the appropriate circulator heating. If the internal target for
Sequence of Operation: On a call will start along with the mixing the primary loop cannot be met,
for heat, the Uponor Thermostat function based on the user setup. the control will begin to close the
sends a signal to the Uponor When this occurs, the secondary mixing device(s). Once the DHW
ZCM, illuminating the yellow light pump (SP1 or SP2) will run tank is heated, the mixing device(s)
on the ZCM. This call for heat continuously until the heat demand will return to normal operation.
sends power to the actuator(s) has ended. At the same time, the
Also shown in this schematic is
for that zone, energizing the mixing devices (valves) will become
a separate Uponor Thermostat
Y1-Y2 terminals on the ZCM. This active. These will automatically
used to control a separate radiant
activates or opens the actuator(s), adjust themselves to deliver the
circulator (ZP1). Power is supplied
allowing flow through these correct water temperature based
to the thermostat from the demand
loops on the manifold. Once the on the user setup information and
terminals of the Multifunction
actuator(s) have opened to a the current outdoor temperature.
Controller. When the thermostat
minimal position, an end switch The boiler will turn on and operate
calls for heat and completes that
inside of the actuator(s) will as the Multifunction Controller
circuit, the circulator will start
close, illuminating the red light determines that hotter water
and fire the boiler for the high
on the ZCM. When end switch is required for mixing. Sensor
temperature requirement for
closure is detected, a contact S2 provides boiler return water
the baseboard.
will close between the ES-ES protection. This sensor will not
terminals on the ZCM, energizing allow the modulating valves to

A9012010 Boiler
DHW Sensor L
Terminals S1 Supply
A9012002 N
S2 Return
TT-A TT-B Pump Relay, On-Off

A9013030
Manual
Black
White
Auto Red
DHW Sensor
A9012002
PP
Pump Relay, On-Off
A9013030
50 VA
Transformer Manual
A3050050
Black
White
Auto Red
OK
ZCM End Switch

A9013030
ES
DHWP
ON TX TX Manual
RUN RX RX
2A Max Demand Input Dry Contact Only
24 VAC
C R
Port 1
External Black
Input 1 Display
Port 1
White
Auto Red
1 2 3 4
Port 2
Thermostat Input 2 Port 2
W
Port 3
Input 3 Port 3
RH
5 6
Port 4
Input 4 Port 4 SP1
W
7 8
Port 5
Input 5 Port 5 Modulating Valve Control

RH A9063020 Dual Sensor
S3 Supply
OAS A9013001
Port 6
Input 6 Port 6
Dry 24VAC 1 A max
1 2
Manual Auto
S4 Return
Demand Output
FB
PWR
Port 7
Green
Input 7 Port 7 CNTL Red
White
3 4
Port 8
OAS Input 8 Port 8

Pump Relay, On-Off
A9013030
Note: Outdoor temp provided Manual

with Climate Cŏntrol Multifunction Controller
Climate Cŏntrol Multifunction Controller Black
A8020000 White
Auto Red
Dual Sensor
S4 Supply
A9013001
S6 Return Pump Relay, On-Off

A9013030 SP2
Manual
Black
White
Auto Red
ZP1
Wiring Schematic 16

SetPoint 150 Controller
A3040150
C R R NO 5 6
S1
Transformer
C
N N G/T
L L R/T
*
3 5
4NO 6NO
4NC 6NC
Plug Relay

A3010100
P1
Wiring Schematic 17

SetPoint 150 Controller SetPoint 150 Controller
A3040150 A3040150
C R R NO 5 6 C R R NO 5 6
S1 S1
Transformer
C R T1 T1 T2 T2 T3 T3
CP/ X2/
L N Boiler Control
Line Voltage P1 P2
Wiring Schematic 18

SetPoint 150 Controller SetPoint 150 Controller
A3040150 A3040150
C R R NO 5 6 C R R NO 5 6
S1 S1
24 VAC
Transformer
A3050050
2 3 4 2 3 4 2 3 4
R R
C C
ES ES
Yellow Wires
Yellow Wires
Yellow Wires
Yellow Wires
Yellow Wires
Yellow Wires
Red Wires
Red Wires
Red Wires
Red Wires
Red Wires
Red Wires
Boiler Control
Wiring Schematic 19

Heat-only Thermostat
A3030101
Rh W
24 VAC
Transformer
A3050050
Yellow Wires
Yellow Wires
Red Wires
Red Wires
Transformer
C
N N G/T
L L R/T
*
3 5
4NO 6NO
4NC 6NC
Plug Relay

A3010100
P1
Wiring Schematic 20

Heat-only Thermostat Heat-only Thermostat
A3030101 A3030101
Rh W Rh W
24 VAC
Transformer
A3050050
Yellow Wires
Yellow Wires
Yellow Wires
Red Wires
Red Wires
Red Wires
Thermal Actuator Thermal Actuator Thermal Actuator
A3010522 A3010522 A3010522
Transformer
C
N N G/T
L L R/T
*
3 5
4NO 6NO
4NC 6NC
Plug Relay

A3010100
P1
Wiring Schematic 21

A3030101
Rh W
24 VAC
Transformer
A3050050
Yellow Wires
Red Wires
¾" Zone Valve A3070525

1" Zone Valve A3070526
Transformer
C
N N G/T
L L R/T
*
3 5
4NO 6NO
4NC 6NC
Plug Relay

A3010100
P1
Wiring Schematic 22

A3030101
Rh W
Transformer
C
N N G/T
L L R/T
*
3 5
4NO 6NO
4NC 6NC
Plug Relay

A3010100
P1
Wiring Schematic 23

Rh W Rh W
Rh W
24 VAC
Transformer
A3050050
2 3 4 2 3 4 2 3 4
R R
C C
ES ES
Transformer
Yellow Wires
Yellow Wires
Yellow Wires
Yellow Wires
Yellow Wires
Yellow Wires
Red Wires
Red Wires
Red Wires
Red Wires
Red Wires
Red Wires
C
N N G/T
L L R/T
*
3 5
4NO 6NO
4NC 6NC
Plug Relay

A3010100
P3
Rh W
AQ1 Transformer
C R T1 T1 T2 T2 T3 T3
CP/ X2/
P4 P1 P2
L N
Line Voltage
P1 P2
Boiler Control
Wiring Schematic 24

Heat-only Thermostat Heat-only Thermostat
A3030101 A3030101
Rh W Rh W
24 VAC
Transformer
A3050050
Yellow Wires
Yellow Wires
Red Wires
Red Wires
¾" Zone Valve A3070525 ¾" Zone Valve A3070525

1" Zone Valve A3070526 1" Zone Valve A3070526
Transformer
C
N N G/T
L L R/T
*
3 5
4NO 6NO
4NC 6NC
Plug Relay

A3010100
P1
Wiring Schematic 25

Chapter 15
Uponor Distribution Piping
Uponor distribution piping is designed for direct burial. Ecoflex in many distribution piping
the use of Wirsbo hePEXTM, is ideal for applications where applications. It also reduces the
Uponor Multi-layer Composite traditional overhung pipe is total number of joints because
(MLC) tubing or Ecoflex® in lieu expensive or space is at a premium. it is sold in coils. MLC tubing is
of copper or steel piping in available in 1⁄2 ", 5⁄8", 3⁄4" and 1"
MLC tubing has features similar to
traditional hydronic distribution diameters and various coil lengths.
traditional soft-copper products.
systems. Uponor distribution Please see the Uponor Product
MLC tubing can help minimize the
piping systems can be installed Catalog for more information.
number of supports needed
overhead, in a traditional manner,
or below-grade — providing
design flexibility to the contractor, PEX Tubing Operating Limits
designer and/or engineer. The following tables detail the upper and lower limits for PEX tubing of various diameters.
Uponor distribution piping is Tubing Operating Gallons Per Velocity (feet Head Loss
BTU/h
ideal in new construction, and Size Limit Minute (gpm) per second) (per 100 ft)
it also has tremendous benefits Lower Limit 4,000 0.4 1.86 6.18
in both retrofit and remodel
5
⁄16" Upper Limit 15,000 1.5 7.44 71.30
applications where tubing may
Lower Limit 6,000 0.6 1.81 2.08
be installed without having to 3
⁄8" Upper Limit 20,000 2.0 7.71 30.19
cut into walls and ceilings, or
without necessitating soldering Lower Limit 10,000 1.0 1.92 1.73
in potentially dangerous areas.
1
⁄2" Upper Limit 40,000 4.0 7.70 22.46
Lower Limit 15,000 1.5 1.86 2.61
Distribution Solution
5
⁄8" Upper Limit 60,000 6.0 7.44 33.88
for Any Application Lower Limit 20,000 2.0 1.81 2.08
Uponor PEX-a straight lengths
3
⁄4" Upper Limit 85,000 8.5 7.71 30.19
are available in 20-foot sections Lower Limit 35,000 3.5 1.92 1.73
in 5⁄8", 3⁄4", 1", 11⁄4", 11⁄2" and 2" 1" Upper Limit 140,000 14.0 7.70 22.46
diameters, enabling contractors Lower Limit 50,000 5.0 1.84 1.26
to provide an ideal solution for 11⁄4" Upper Limit 210,000 21.0 7.72 17.88
any hydronic distribution heating
and/or cooling application. Lower Limit 70,000 7.0 1.85 1.05
Uponor PEX-a straight lengths
11⁄2" Upper Limit 300,000 30.0 7.92 15.44
offer the finished appearance Lower Limit 120,000 12.0 1.85 0.76
of rigid piping with all the 2" Upper Limit 520,000 52.0 8.00 11.50
benefits of PEX-a tubing. Lower Limit 180,000 18.0 1.82 0.58
For longer continuous runs or
21⁄2" Upper Limit 780,000 78.0 7.88 8.74
other applications in which tubing Lower Limit 260,000 26.0 1.85 0.49
is embedded in a slab, Uponor 3" Upper Limit 1,120,000 112.0 7.96 7.25
offers a wide variety of coil
Lower Limit 350,000 35.0 1.84 0.41
lengths with the various diameters. 31⁄2" Upper Limit 1,500,000 150.0 7.91 6.02
See the Uponor Product Catalog
for more information. Lower Limit 450,000 45.0 1.83 0.35
4" Upper Limit 1,950,000 195.0 7.93 5.21
Ecoflex is a pre-insulated, jacketed
Note: The values above assume a 160°F supply water temperature, a 20°F supply/return temperature difference, and
product that uses Wirsbo hePEX, velocity between 1.75 and 8.0 ft/sec.
Uponor AquaPEX® or HDPE
Table 15-1: Recommended PEX-a Tubing Size Limits
Complete Design Assistance Manual — Chapter 15 – Uponor Distribution Piping 203

MLC Tubing Operating Limits
Gallons Per Minute Velocity Head Loss
Tubing Size Operating Limit BTU/h
(gpm) (feet per second) (per 100 ft)
Lower Limit 10,000 1.0 1.70 2.71
1
⁄2" Upper Limit 45,000 4.5 7.66 43.85
Lower Limit 20,000 1.5 2.08 2.95
5
⁄8" Upper Limit 75,000 7.5 7.79 34.00
Lower Limit 30,000 3.0 1.95 2.00
3
⁄4" Upper Limit 115,000 11.5 7.49 24.05
Lower Limit 45,000 4.5 1.79 1.27
1" Upper Limit 200,000 20.0 7.95 20.12
Note: The values above assume a 160°F supply water temperature, a 20°F
supply/return temperature difference, and velocity between
1.75 and 8.0 ft/sec.
Table 15-2: Recommended MLC Tubing Size Limits
Precise Pipe Sizing 4. Determine the feet of head loss 6. For systems that use a glycol
Information per foot, with 160°F supply mixture, multiply the head
water temperature, using the loss (from step 5) by the
For precise sizing data, please
gpm and the piping i.d., by appropriate glycol correction
refer to the steps below for
using the following equation. factor from the table below
gpm, velocity and feet of head
to yield the correct result.
loss per foot. F eet of Head Loss/Foot =
0.0008436 x (gpm1.85 ÷ i.d.4.8655) 100% 30% 40% 50%
1. Determine the BTU/h for the
Water Glycol Glycol Glycol
desired zone. 5. For a supply water temperature
not equal to 160°F, multiply 1.00 1.24 1.33 1.40
2. Determine the gpm flow rate
the head loss (from step 4) Table 15-4: Glycol Correction Factors
required to supply the BTU/h
by the appropriate temperature
to that zone by using the See Appendix G for pressure loss
correction factor from
following equation where and velocity tables.
Table 15-3 to yield the
Delta T (ΔT) is the supply/return
correct head loss per foot for
temperature differential.
systems using 100% water.
gpm = BTU/h ÷ (ΔT x 500)
3. Determine the velocity of the
fluid in the piping using the
calculated gpm and the pipe
interior diameter (i.d.) in inches
by using the following equation.
V = 0.408496 x (gpm ÷ i.d.2)
Note: In most applications,
keep velocity between 1.75
and 8.0 ft/sec.
200°F 180°F 160°F 140°F 120°F 100°F 80°F 60°F 40°F

0.96 0.98 1 1.02 1.05 1.1 1.14 1.2 1.3
Table 15-3: Temperature Correction Factor
204 Chapter 15 – Uponor Distribution Piping — www.uponorpro.com

Distribution Figure 15-1 is based on the
Pipe Heat Loss following set of parameters:
a temperature differential
Heat loss in distribution systems is
between the ambient air and
also a very important parameter.
the water flowing in the pipe of
For example, a zone may need
90°F, turbulent flow at 8 ft/sec,
40,000 BTU/h to be satisfied,
insulation conductivity is constant
but that does not include the
at 0.021 BTU/hr/ft/°F heat
heat loss that occurs when
transfer coefficient off the outer
transporting the energy to the
surface of 2.2 BTU/hr/ft²/°F.
zone. Figure 15-1 illustrates
the heat loss per foot when using
PEX-a as a distribution system.
Heat Loss per Foot Based on Insulation Thickness

120
110
100
90
Heat Loss per Foot (BTU/h)
80
70
60 None
½"
50
1"
40
30
20
10
0
½ ¾ 1 1¼ 1½ 2 2½ 3 3½ 4
5
⁄8 Nominal Pipe Size (inches)
Figure 15-1: Distribution Pipe Heat Loss per Foot
Complete Design Assistance Manual — Chapter 15 – Uponor Distribution Piping 205

206 Chapter 15 – Uponor Distribution Piping — www.uponorpro.com
Chapter 16
Wood Floors
Uponor radiant floor heating covered radiant floor. The Uponor If the moisture content of the
systems can be successfully Advanced Design SuiteTM (ADS) wood is relatively high near the
installed in a variety of floor can help with this task. To assist bottom of the plank, the plank
constructions under a variety with the heat-loss analysis, the will cup upward on the edges.
of floor coverings. Among the R-values of various wood-flooring Cupping due to moisture below
various floor coverings, wood materials are listed in Appendix D. exaggerates cracks in the wood
floors present some unique design (see Figure 16-1).
After the heat-loss analysis is
challenges. The designer and
complete, consult the appropriate
contractor should understand the
chart to determine the floor
boundaries of wood floor coverings
surface temperature and supply
and the methods used to maximize
water temperature necessary to
effectiveness. Communication
meet the calculated heating load.
between the heating contractor
The surface temperature of a wood
and the wood floor installer is
floor should not exceed 80°F.
key to a successful installation.
Surface temperatures above 80°F
Wood flooring materials are may, over time, cause the wood
fairly resistant to heat transfer floor to become excessively dry. Figure 16-1: Cupping of Wood Floor
(approximate R-value = 1 per inch). Such drying may cause shrinkage
If the moisture content is relatively
Nonetheless, wood floors can work and exaggerate joint separation.
high near the top surface of the
effectively in conjunction with
Uponor’s recommended wood floor plank, it will crown downward on
radiant floor heating systems when
maximum heating loads at 65°F the edges (see Figure 16-2).
designed appropriately. Resistance
room setpoint temperature and
to heat transfer is a significant
80°F floor surface temperature is
factor in the design of a well-
30 BTU/h/ft2. The recommended
functioning radiant floor heating
wood floor maximum heating load
system — for all floor coverings,
at 70°F room setpoint temperature
including wood. Pay close attention
is 20 BTU/h/ft2.
to the supply water temperature
and the resulting effective
floor surface temperature. Wide Moisture and
temperature differentials (greater Wood Floors
than 60°F) from the bottom of Figure 16-2: Crowning of Wood Floor
When wood absorbs moisture,
the wood flooring to the surface
it swells. When wood loses Cupping and crowning also occur
can potentially damage the floor.
moisture, it shrinks. because of moisture loss in wood
Please contact the wood flooring
floors. If the installed wood floor
manufacturer for safe limitations, Sources of moisture from below
has high moisture content, the
as they can vary from product include inadequate moisture
eventual drying can cause cupping
to product. barrier, ground water wicking
or crowning regardless of the type
through the slab or an unsealed
of heating system used.
subfloor. Moisture from above is
Design with Wood Floors generally the result of high relative The wood flooring installer should
When designing any radiant panel humidity. If moisture negatively follow the flooring manufacturer’s
heating system, it is important affects a wood floor, the source of installation manual or National
to first verify the heating load. the moisture affects the changes Wood Flooring Association (NWFA)
In particular, it is essential to that one will see in the floor. manual for acclimation and
be precise in determining the installation of the wood.
amount of energy necessary to
heat the space served by a wood-
Complete Design Assistance Manual — Chapter 16 – Wood Floors 207

Figure 16-3: Board Shrinkage and Separation
Note: Never use the radiant Selecting a wood floor with or surface finish hardening
system to speed up the beveled edges helps reduce the between the planks. When
acclimation. appearance of shrinkage cracks shrinkage occurs, the bonding
(see Figure 16-5). causes larger than normal cracks
Moisture changes will affect the because the combined shrinkage
Panelization — Panelization is
width of boards proportionately. of several planks is concentrated
a phenomenon that occurs as a
Wider-cut boards will shrink more in fewer separations or cracks
result of the wood planks bonding
than narrow boards. Separations (see Figure 16-6).
to adjacent planks within the floor.
between boards may be cumulative
Bonding results from the adhesive
(see Figure 16-3).
Cumulative separation can be
limited by installing the boards
parallel to the longer dimension
of the room (see Figure 16-4).
Figure 16-5: Wood Floor With Beveled Edge
Figure 16-6: Panelization of Wood Floor

Figure 16-4: Wood Floor Installation to Minimize Cumulative
Separation
208 Chapter 16 – Wood Floors — www.uponorpro.com

Laminate Floors
Laminate wood-floor systems
provide solutions to the potential
problems associated with ¾-inch
solid wood floors. The most
significant advantage of laminate
floors is their ability to resist
shrinkage. The shrinkage, cupping
or crowning that occurs with solid
wood floors is not likely to occur
with laminate wood floors because
they are biaxially oriented (similar
to plywood). Also, laminate wood
floors are typically thinner than
¾-inch solid wood floors, and they
have less resistance to the radiant
heat (see Figure 16-7).
Figure 16-7: Laminate Wood Floor
Installation
Wood floors can be installed
over many types of radiant floor
constructions.
Wood Floor Over Poured
Floor — The wood flooring is
nailed to 2x2 sleepers placed
between the PEX tubing loops. The
underlayment is poured to the top
of the sleepers, leaving an exposed
nailing surface to secure the wood
floor. Follow the underlayment
or wood manufacturer’s
recommendations on sealing Figure 16-8: Wood Floor Nailed to Sleepers in Poured Floor
their product prior to the
installation of the wood product
(see Figure 16-8).
Wood Floor Glued to
Underlayment — Underlayment
must be dry and sealed prior
to the attachment of the
adhesive. Follow the wood floor
manufacturer’s installation manual
for specifics on vapor barrier or
sealer prior to the installation of
their product (see Figure 16-9).
Figure 16-9: Wood Floor Glued to Underlayment
Complete Design Assistance Manual — Chapter 16 – Wood Floors 209

Wood Floor Nailed to Subfloor
— Wood must be acclimated to
the subfloor. Check the wood floor
for requirements on vapor barriers
or sealers. If the tubing is mounted
to the subfloor, the contractor
must mark the tubing location so
the wood floor installer does not
puncture the tubing with nails
(see Figure 16-10).
Wood Floor Over Quik Trak®
— Please refer to the Quik Trak
Design and Installation Manual
Figure 16-10: Wood Floor Nailed to Subfloor for information.
Wood Floor Over Concrete
— Wood floors installed directly
on concrete slabs above grade
typically require a vapor barrier
and/or adhesives resistant to
heat. Check with the adhesive
manufacturer for specific
instructions regarding the
application of heat during
the curing process (see
Figure 16-11).
Floating Wood Floors and
Engineered Hardwoods Over
Concrete or Underlayment
Figure 16-11: Wood Floor Over Concrete — Check the wood floor
for requirements on vapor barriers,
sealers and/or temperature
restrictions (see Figure 16-12).
Figure 16-12: Floating Wood Floor
210 Chapter 16 – Wood Floors — www.uponorpro.com

Appendix A
Advanced Design SuiteTM (ADS) Worksheet
Project Information
Project Name________________________________________________________ Date Received______________________________
Project Location______________________________________________________ Date Design Due_____________________________
Contact Person_____________________________________________________ Contact Number_____________________________
Design Information Suspended Floors Notes

Outdoor design temperature Under-floor insulation R-value
Default Settings/Components*** Slab-on-grade Floors

Wall R-value Water table present
Ceiling R-value Under-slab R-value
Window R-value Water table temperature
Skylight R-value Edge R-value
Door R-value Slab depth
Air change/hour Perimeter R-value
Plan Information Floor Level ____________________

Room name
Room temp.
Zone number
Gross floor area

Unheated floor area
Net ceiling area
Average wall height
Floor construction*
Floor type**
Floor covering***
Distance to manifold
Assigned to manifold number
Wall 1 (L x H) X X X X X X X X
Door 1 (L x W) X X X X X X X X
Door 2 (L x W) X X X X X X X X
Window 1 (L x W) X X X X X X X X
Window 2 (L x W) X X X X X X X X
Skylight (L x W) X X X X X X X X
*Floor Construction **Floor Type ***R-values are in Appendix D.

Slab on grade = SO Concrete slab = C
Slab below grade = SB Poured underlayment = U
Suspended over heated = SH Single plates = S
Suspended over unheated = SU Double plates = D
Joist (tubing alone) = J
Joist TrakTM = JT
Quik Trak® = QT
Complete Design Assistance Manual — Appendix A - Advanced Design Suite (ADS) Worksheet 211
212 Appendix A - Advanced Design Suite (ADS) Worksheet — www.uponorpro.com
A Room name
C Zone number

—
H Tubing size
O Total loop length
Appendix B – Radiant Design Worksheets

P Loop flow in gpm
Appendix B — Radiant Design Worksheets

Manifold Totals
AE
nter the name of the room. The room may GE
nter the installation method. M Enter the length of tubing installed within QU
B Room setpoint temperature is normally 65°F NE
nter the length of the tubing from the room per loop. Choose the appropriate solution
I Refer to Appendix D for floor (water or water/glycol solution).
for radiant floor. covering information. being heated to the respective manifold.
DE
S Enter highest temperature from Row L.
F (Row D/2) + Row B = floor surface L Use information from Rows D, G, I, K
213
214
Quik Trak® Design Worksheet
A Room name
C Zone number
D Net floor area (ft2)
E Upward load (BTU/h/ft2)
F Total load (BTU/h/ft2)
G Floor surface temp. (°F)
H Tubing size
O Total loop length
P Loop flow in gpm
S Quik Trak panels

T Quik Trak returns
Manifold Totals J Indicate differential temperature QU

se the values in Rows O and P with
U Supply water temp. (°F) (20°F for Quik Trak). Appendix G to obtain the head pressure
KT
ubing o.c. distance is 7" for Quik Trak. per loop. Choose the appropriate solution
V Manifold flow in gpm (water or water/glycol solution).
L Use information from Rows E, I, K with
W Highest pressure head (ft) Appendix E to obtain the supply water RT
hese cells are calculated after the design
temperature. is completed. Use the formula: (current loop
value in Row O x 4) / longest loop length on

AE
nter the name of the room. The room may F Enter the “Floor Unit Load” value from ADS M Enter the length of tubing installed within the manifold.
have more than one loop. printout (total load). the room (i.e., active loop).
—
S Enter the number of panels.
B Room setpoint temperature is normally 65°F G ( Row E/2) + Row B = floor surface NE
nter the length of the tubing from the room (For 7" o.c., multiply Row D by 0.386.)
for radiant floor. temperature. Do not exceed 87.5°F for all being heated to the respective manifold.
floors (exception: wood floor limit is 80°F). TE
nter the number of returns.
se formula: (Row M + Row N) = total (For 7" o.c., multiply Row D by 0.043.)
DE
nter the amount of square footage used in H The only tubing size available for Quik Trak loop length.
is 5⁄16" Wirsbo hePEX. UE
the room. PU
se the values in Rows F and M with
I Refer to Appendix D for floor covering Appendix F to obtain the flow per loop. V Add and enter all values from Row P.
E Enter the “Floor Unit Load to Room” value
from ADS printout (upward load). information. W Enter highest value from Row Q.
www.uponorpro.com
Project Name: __________________________ Manifold Number: _____ Note: Ensure insulation between floors is at least R-19. Ensure ceiling exposed to the attic is at least R-38 (higher if required by code).
A Room name
C Zone number
D BTU/h
E Ceiling square footage

F BTU/h/ft2
—
G Active square footage
H Ceiling surface temp. (°F)
I Tubing size
O Total loop length

P Loop flow in gpm
Q Feet of head drop per loop

Manifold Totals
AE
BR
oom setpoint temperature is normally than 40 BTU/h/ft2, then enter the value from L Use information from Rows F and J with pressure drop per foot. Next, multiply this
Row B equals the ceiling surface temperature. MM
ultiply Row G by the on-center R These cells are calculated after the
DE
E Enter the ceiling square footage. than 8 feet. NM
ultiply the all-inclusive distance from loop in longest loop length on the manifold.
nter the size of PEX tubing for project S Enter highest temperature from Row L.
40 BTU/h/ft2, divide Row D by 40. (½" Wirsbo hePEX tubing). OU
J Use 10°F differential temperature for all U Enter highest value from Row Q.
radiant ceiling applications. PU
se the values in Rows F and L with
215
216
A Room name
C Zone number
H Tubing size
O Total loop length
P Loop flow in gpm
Manifold Totals
AE
nter the name of the room. The room may GE
nter the installation method. M Enter the length of tubing installed within QU
per loop. Choose the appropriate solution

B Room setpoint temperature is normally 65°F I Refer to Appendix D for floor NE
nter the length of the tubing from the room
for radiant floor. being heated to the respective manifold. (water or water/glycol solution).
covering information.
—
DE
S Enter highest temperature from Row L.
F (Row D/2) + Row B = floor surface L Use information from Rows D, G, I, K
www.uponorpro.com
Appendix C
Radiant Surface Temperature Charts
Radiant Floor
Floor Surface Temperature = (BTU/h/ft2 ÷ 2) + Room Setpoint
75°F 80.0 82.5 85.0 87.5 90.0 92.5 95.0 97.5 100.0 102.5
72°F 77.0 79.5 82.0 84.5 87.0 89.5 92.0 94.5 97.0 99.5
Room setpoint
70°F 75.0 77.5 80.0 82.5 85.0 87.5 90.0 92.5 95.0 97.5
68°F 73.0 75.5 78.0 80.5 83.0 85.5 88.0 90.5 93.0 95.5
65°F 70.0 72.5 75.0 77.5 80.0 82.5 85.0 87.5 90.0 92.5
60°F 65.0 67.5 70.0 72.5 75.0 77.5 80.0 82.5 85.0 87.5
10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 50.0 55.0
BTU/h/ft2
Exceeds the maximum recommended Exceeds the maximum recommended

surface temperature for hardwood floors surface temperature for all floors
Radiant Ceiling
Ceiling Surface Temperature = (BTU/h/ft2 ÷ 1.1) + Room Setpoint

75°F 84.1 88.6 93.2 97.7 100.0 102.3 106.8 114.4
72°F 81.1 85.6 90.2 94.7 97.0 99.3 103.8 108.4
Room setpoint
70°F 79.1 83.6 88.2 92.7 95.0 97.3 101.8 106.4

68°F 77.1 81.6 86.2 90.7 93.0 95.3 99.8 104.4
65°F 74.1 78.6 83.2 87.7 90.0 92.3 96.8 101.4
60°F 69.1 73.6 78.2 82.7 85.0 87.3 91.8 96.4
10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 27.5 30.0 35.0 40.0
BTU/h/ft 2
Exceeds the maximum recommended surface temperature for 8-foot ceilings

Maximum is 110°F for ceilings higher than 8 feet, but lower than 12 feet.
Complete Design Assistance Manual — Appendix C – Radiant Surface Temperature Char ts 217
218 Appendix C – Radiant Surface Temperature Char ts — www.uponorpro.com
Appendix D
R-value Charts
Construction Materials 1
⁄8" 1
⁄4" 3
⁄8" 1
⁄2" 5
⁄8" 3
⁄4" Wood Flooring ⁄8"
1
⁄4"
1
⁄8"
3
⁄2"
1
⁄8"
5 3
⁄4"
Plywood (Douglas fir) 0.31 0.47 0.62 0.77 0.93 Ash 0.35 0.47 0.59 0.71
Oriented strand board (OSB) 0.31 0.47 0.62 0.78 0.94 Cherry 0.35 0.46 0.58 0.69
Asbestos-cement board 0.03 0.06 0.09 Elm 0.33 0.45 0.56 0.67
Particle board (underlayment) 0.17 0.33 0.49 0.66 0.82 Redwood 0.51 0.68 0.84 1.01
Maple 0.35 0.46 0.58 0.69
Sheet Goods Oak 0.33 0.45 0.56 0.67

Walnut 0.34 0.45 0.57 0.68
Vinyl 0.20
Douglas fir 0.40 0.53 0.66 0.80
Linoleum (uninsulated) 0.20
Southern pine 0.38 0.50 0.62 0.75
Linoleum (insulated) 0.40
Spruce 0.51 0.68 0.84 1.01
Floating wood floor pad 0.20 0.40
Tiles and Stone
Ceramic tile 0.23 0.34 0.45 0.57 0.68
Cork tile 0.28 0.56 0.84 Windows
Limestone 0.38 0.50 0.63 0.76 Single glass 0.91
Quarried stone 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 Single glass with storm 2.00
Marble 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 Double glazed – 3⁄16" air space 1.61
Brick 0.38 0.50 0.63 0.76 Double glazed – ¼" air space 1.69
Double glazed – ½" air space 2.04
Carpeting Double glazed – ⁄4" air space

3
2.38
Commercial glue down 0.60 0.90 Double glazed – with suspended film 2.77
Acrylic level loop 1.04 1.56 2.08 2.60 3.12 Double glazed – with 2 suspended films 3.85
Acrylic plush 0.83 1.25 1.66 2.08 2.49 Low-E 3.13
Polyester plush 0.96 1.44 1.92 2.40 2.88 Low-E – with suspended film 4.05
Nylon saxony 0.88 1.32 1.76 2.20 2.64 Low-E – with 2 suspended films 5.05
Nylon shag 0.54 0.81 1.08 1.35 1.62

Wool plush 1.10 1.65 2.20 2.75 3.30
Carpet Pads
Rubber (solid) 0.31 0.47 0.62 0.78 0.93
Rubber (waffled) 0.62 0.93 1.24 1.55 1.86
Hair and jute 0.98 1.47 1.96 2.45 2.94
Prime urethane (2-lb. density) 1.08 1.62 2.16 2.70 3.24
Note: The R-values depicted in this chart are representative and may vary by manufacturer. For specific R-values, check with the appropriate floor covering manufacturer.
Complete Design Assistance Manual — Appendix D – R-value Charts 219

220 Appendix D – R-value Charts — www.uponorpro.com
Appendix E
Supply Water Temperature Charts
Concrete — 4" Slab (12" on center)
65ºF Room Setpoint Temperature
RV = 0 R V = 0.5 R V = 1.0 R V = 1.5
50
R V = 2.0
40
R V = 2.5
R V = 3.0
30
20
10
70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200
75 85 95 105 115 125 135 145 155 165 175 185 195 205
Supply Water Temperature
Note: Uponor’s recommended maximum fluid temperature for all concrete applications is 150°F, in accordance with the Uniform Building
Code (UBC). This data assumes negligible downward loss in accordance with good insulation practices.

65ºF Room Setpoint Temperature Floor Covering R-value (RV)
RV = 0 R V = 0.5 R V = 1.0 R V = 1.5
BTU/h/ft 2
50 R V = 2.0
R V = 2.5
40
R V = 3.0
30
20
10
Differential 10ºF 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200
Temperature 20ºF 75 85 95 105 115 125 135 145 155 165 175 185 195 205
Note: Uponor’s recommended maximum fluid temperature for all concrete applications is 150°F, in accordance with the UBC. This data as-
sumes negligible downward loss in accordance with good insulation practices.
Complete Design Assistance Manual — Appendix E – Supply Water Temperature Charts 221
Appendix E
RV = 0 R V = 0.5 R V = 1.0 R V = 1.5
R V = 2.0
50
R V = 2.5
40 R V = 3.0
30
20
10
70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200
75 85 95 105 115 125 135 145 155 165 175 185 195 205
Note: Uponor’s recommended maximum fluid temperature for all concrete applications is 150°F, in accordance with the UBC.
This data assumes negligible downward loss in accordance with good insulation practices.
1½" Poured Floor Underlayment (12" on center)

R V = 0.5
BTU/h/ft2
50
R V = 1.0
40 R V = 1.5
R V = 2.0
30 R V = 2.5
R V = 3.0
20
10
Differential 10ºF 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200
Temperature 20ºF 75 85 95 105 115 125 135 145 155 165 175 185 195 205
Consult underlayment manufacturer's recommended temperature limitations. This data assumes negligible downward
loss in accordance with good insulation practices.
222 Appendix E – Supply Water Temperature Charts — www.uponorpro.com

Appendix E
R V = 0.5 R V = 1.0
BTU/h/ft2
50
R V = 1.5
R V = 2.0
40
R V = 2.5
R V = 3.0
30
20
10
Differential 10ºF 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200
Temperature 20ºF 75 85 95 105 115 125 135 145 155 165 175 185 195 205
Consult underlayment manufacturer's recommended temperature limitations. This data assumes negligible downward
loss in accordance with good insulation practices.

R V = 0.5 R V = 1.0 R V = 1.5
BTU/h/ft 2
50
R V = 2.0
R V = 2.5
40
R V = 3.0
30
20
10
Differential 10ºF 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200
Temperature 20ºF 75 85 95 105 115 125 135 145 155 165 175 185 195 205
Note: Uponor’srecommended maximum fluid temperature for all concrete applications is 150°F, in accordance with the UBC.
Consult underlayment manufacturer's recommended temperature limitations. This data assumes negligible downward loss
in accordance with good insulation practices.
Appendix E
Joist Heating — No Plates (8" on center)
This temperature chart has already factored in
BTU/h/ft2 the R-value for a ¾-inch plywood subfloor.
50
40
RV = 0.5
RV = 1.0
30
RV = 1.5
RV = 2.0
RV = 2.5
20 RV = 3.0
10
Differential 10ºF 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200
Temperature 20ºF 75 85 95 105 115 125 135 145 155 165 175 185 195 205
Note: The maximum fluid temperature for all joist applications is 180°F. Uponor’s recommended maximum design temperature is 165°F.
Joist Heating — Double-groove Aluminum Plates (8" on center)

This temperature chart has already factored in
BTU/hf/t2 the R-value for a ¾-inch plywood subfloor.
50
R V = 0.5
40
RV = 1.0
RV = 1.5
30 RV = 2.0
RV = 2.5
RV = 3.0
20
10
Differential 10ºF 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200
Temperature 20ºF 75 85 95 105 115 125 135 145 155 165 175 185 195 205

Appendix E
Joist Heating — Joist TrakTM (8" on center)
This temperature chart has already factored in the
R-value for a ¾-inch plywood subfloor.
R V = 0.5 R V = 1.0
BTU/h/ft2
50 R V = 1.5
R V = 2.0
40 R V = 2.5
R V = 3.0
R V = 3.5
30
R V = 4.0
20
10
Differential 10ºF 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200
Temperature 20ºF 75 85 95 105 115 125 135 145 155 165 175 185 195 205
Radiant Ceiling — Joist Trak (8" on center)

This temperature chart has already factored in the
R-value for a ¾-inch plywood subfloor.
R V = 0.5 R V = 1.0
BTU/h/ft2
50 R V = 1.5
R V = 2.0
40 R V = 2.5
R V = 3.0
R V = 3.5
30
R V = 4.0
20
10
Differential 10ºF 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200
Temperature 20ºF 75 85 95 105 115 125 135 145 155 165 175 185 195 205
Appendix E
Quik Trak® Radiant Floor (7" on center)
65ºF Room Setpoint Temperature Floor Covering Rv
2
BTU/h/ft Rv = 0.25 Rv = 0.50 Rv = 0.75
50
Rv = 1.0
45
40
Rv = 1.5
35
Rv = 2.0
30
Rv = 2.5
25
Rv = 3.0
20
15
10
0
Differential 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180
Temperature
20ºF Supply Water Temperature
Note: Uponor’s recommended maximum design temperature is 165ºF.
Radiant Ceiling with Joist Trak Plates (8" on center)

45
5
⁄8" Sheetrock
Heat Loss per Square Foot (BTU/h/ft2)
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
80° 90° 100° 110° 120° 130° 140° 150° 160°

Appendix E
Radiant Ceiling with Single-groove Aluminum Plates (12" on center)
BTU/h/ft2
90
*Exceeds maximum supply
temperature of 120ºF for
80 Uponor radiant ceiling applications.
70 Exceeds supply water

temperature at 10ºF
supply/return differential
60 temperature
50 Exceeds supply water

temperature at 20ºF
supply/return differential
40
temperature
This chart is based on
30
installations using single-
groove aluminum heat-
20 emission plates installed at
12 inches on center with
½" gypsum sheetrock. This
10
chart is applicable for ceiling
heights up to 12 feet.
0
10ºF 95 100 105 110 115 120 125* 130* 135* 140*
Differential
Temperature 20ºF 100 105 110 115 120 125* 130* 135* 140* 145*
Quik Trak Radiant Wall (7" on center)

BTU/h/ft
BTU/h/ft
2 2 ½" ½"
50 50
Exceeds supply
Exceedswater
supply water
45 45
temperature
temperature
at 20ºF at 20ºF
supply/return
supply/return
differential
differential
40 40 temperature
temperature
Notes:
35 35
1. Chart lines represent
½" and 5⁄8" sheetrock.
30 30
2. Do not exceed 120ºF
supply water temperature
25 25 under gypsum sheetrock.
20 20
15 15
10 10
5 5
0 0
Differential
Differential
80 8090 90100 100110 110120 120 130 130140 140150 150160 160170 170180 180
Temperature
Temperature
20ºF 20ºF Supply Water
SupplyTemperature
Water Temperature
Appendix F
Flow Charts
The charts in this appendix • Next determine the amount of 4. Multiply the active loop
are arranged by fluid type and leader length from the room to the length by the value found in
differential temperatures. The manifold location. The distance line 3 above.
charts are further broken down into from the room to the manifold 192 x 0.00608 = 1.17 gpm
columns of flow by the on-center location is 15 feet. The distance is
doubled to account for the supply 5. Flow for the loop in the example
(o.c.) distance of the tubing. On
and return tubing. room is 1.17 gpm.
the left side of each chart is the
BTU/h/ft2 column. See Figure F-1. 15 x 2 = 30 feet
Note: Flow is based on the
Vertical distance of tubing at the
active loop length in the room.
manifold = 3 feet
Note: The shaded area on the Head pressure drop is computed
charts should not be used for 3 0 + 6 = 36 feet from the flow for the loop and
residential applications. Never There is 36 feet of leader length
the total loop length. Do not
exceed 12 inches on center for for this loop.
use the total loop length to
residential applications. • Total loop length is the active and determine the flow for the loop.
leader length added together. See Appendix G for pressure
Example 192 + 36 = 228 total loop length loss charts.
Determine the flow per loop for • To determine the flow for the loop,
the room. select the appropriate chart. In this
• The room is 12 foot by 12 foot example, use the 100% water at
with the tubing installed at 9 10ºF differential chart.
inches on center. The load for the 1 Enter the chart at the BTU/h/ft2
room is 40 BTU/h/ft2.The room is for the room (40).
15 feet from the manifold location.
2 Move to the right to the
• First determine the amount of 9" o.c. column.
tubing in the room.
3 Where the two lines intersect
12 x 12 = 144 square feet is the value in gallons per
144 x 1.333 = 192 feet minute (gpm) per foot of
There is 192 feet of active loop tubing (0.00608).
in the room.
100% Water
10º Supply/Return Differential
Flow in GPM Per Foot of Tubing
BTU/h/ft2 6" o.c. 7" o.c. 8" o.c. 9" o.c. 2 10" o.c. 12" o.c. 15" o.c.
40 0.00405 0.00473 0.00541 0.00608 0.00676 0.00811 0.01014
1 3
39 0.00395 0.00461 0.00527 0.00593 0.00659 0.00791 0.00988
38 0.00385 0.00449 0.00513 0.00578 0.00642 0.00770 0.00963
37 0.00375 0.00437 0.00500 0.00563 0.00625 0.00750 0.00938
36 0.00365 0.00426 0.00486 0.00547 0.00608 0.00730 0.00912
Figure F-1: Flow Chart Example
Complete Design Assistance Manual — Appendix F – Flow Charts 229

Appendix F — Flow Charts
Appendix F
Flow Charts 100% WATER
10oF SUPPLY / RETURN DIFFERENTIAL 100% Water

10º Supply/Return Differential Flow in GPM Per Foot of Tubing
Tubing On-Center
Tubing Distances
On-Center Distances
2
50 0.00507 0.00591 0.00676 0.00760 0.00845 0.01014 0.01267
49 0.00497 0.00579 0.00662 0.00745 0.00828 0.00993 0.01242
48 0.00487 0.00568 0.00649 0.00730 0.00811 0.00973 0.01216
47 0.00476 0.00556 0.00635 0.00715 0.00794 0.00953 0.01191
46 0.00466 0.00544 0.00622 0.00699 0.00777 0.00932 0.01166
45 0.00456 0.00532 0.00608 0.00684 0.00760 0.00912 0.01140
44 0.00446 0.00520 0.00595 0.00669 0.00743 0.00892 0.01115
43 0.00436 0.00508 0.00581 0.00654 0.00726 0.00872 0.01090
42 0.00426 0.00497 0.00568 0.00639 0.00709 0.00851 0.01064
41 0.00416 0.00485 0.00554 0.00623 0.00693 0.00831 0.01039
40 0.00405 0.00473 0.00541 0.00608 0.00676 0.00811 0.01014
39 0.00395 0.00461 0.00527 0.00593 0.00659 0.00791 0.00988
38 0.00385 0.00449 0.00513 0.00578 0.00642 0.00770 0.00963
37 0.00375 0.00437 0.00500 0.00563 0.00625 0.00750 0.00938
36 0.00365 0.00426 0.00486 0.00547 0.00608 0.00730 0.00912
35 0.00355 0.00414 0.00473 0.00532 0.00591 0.00709 0.00887
34 0.00345 0.00402 0.00459 0.00517 0.00574 0.00689 0.00862
33 0.00334 0.00390 0.00446 0.00502 0.00557 0.00669 0.00836
32 0.00324 0.00378 0.00432 0.00487 0.00541 0.00649 0.00811
31 0.00314 0.00367 0.00419 0.00471 0.00524 0.00628 0.00786
30 0.00304 0.00355 0.00405 0.00456 0.00507 0.00608 0.00760
29 0.00294 0.00343 0.00392 0.00441 0.00490 0.00588 0.00735
28 0.00284 0.00331 0.00378 0.00426 0.00473 0.00568 0.00709
27 0.00274 0.00319 0.00365 0.00410 0.00456 0.00547 0.00684
26 0.00264 0.00307 0.00351 0.00395 0.00439 0.00527 0.00659
25 0.00253 0.00296 0.00338 0.00380 0.00422 0.00507 0.00633
24 0.00243 0.00284 0.00324 0.00365 0.00405 0.00487 0.00608
23 0.00233 0.00272 0.00311 0.00350 0.00389 0.00466 0.00583
22 0.00223 0.00260 0.00297 0.00334 0.00372 0.00446 0.00557
21 0.00213 0.00248 0.00284 0.00319 0.00355 0.00426 0.00532
20 0.00203 0.00236 0.00270 0.00304 0.00338 0.00405 0.00507
19 0.00193 0.00225 0.00257 0.00289 0.00321 0.00385 0.00481
18 0.00182 0.00213 0.00243 0.00274 0.00304 0.00365 0.00456
17 0.00172 0.00201 0.00230 0.00258 0.00287 0.00345 0.00431
16 0.00162 0.00189 0.00216 0.00243 0.00270 0.00324 0.00405
15 0.00152 0.00177 0.00203 0.00228 0.00253 0.00304 0.00380
14 0.00142 0.00166 0.00189 0.00213 0.00236 0.00284 0.00355
13 0.00132 0.00154 0.00176 0.00198 0.00220 0.00264 0.00329
12 0.00122 0.00142 0.00162 0.00182 0.00203 0.00243 0.00304
11 0.00111 0.00130 0.00149 0.00167 0.00186 0.00223 0.00279
10 0.00101 0.00118 0.00135 0.00152 0.00169 0.00203 0.00253
9 0.00091 0.00106 0.00122 0.00137 0.00152 0.00182 0.00228
8 0.00081 0.00095 0.00108 0.00122 0.00135 0.00162 0.00203
7 0.00071 0.00083 0.00095 0.00106 0.00118 0.00142 0.00177
6 0.00061 0.00071 0.00081 0.00091 0.00101 0.00122 0.00152
5 0.00051 0.00059 0.00068 0.00076 0.00084 0.00101 0.00127
o
NOTE:Flow
Note: Flowisisbased
basedonon 100%
100% water
water at
at120 F.
120ºF.
Do 15"not
O.C.
useIS15"
NOT FOR
o.c. USE
with WITH RESIDENTIAL
residential applications.APPLICATIONS.
240
230 Appendix F – Flow Charts — www.uponorpro.com
Flow Charts — Appendix F
Appendix F

20ºINSupply/Return
FLOW GPM PER FOOT Differential Flow in GPM Per Foot of Tubing
OF TUBING
Tubing On-Center
Tubing Distances
On-Center Distances
2
50 0.00253 0.00296 0.00338 0.00380 0.00422 0.00507 0.00633
49 0.00248 0.00290 0.00331 0.00372 0.00414 0.00497 0.00621
48 0.00243 0.00284 0.00324 0.00365 0.00405 0.00487 0.00608
47 0.00238 0.00278 0.00318 0.00357 0.00397 0.00476 0.00595
46 0.00233 0.00272 0.00311 0.00350 0.00389 0.00466 0.00583
45 0.00228 0.00266 0.00304 0.00342 0.00380 0.00456 0.00570
44 0.00223 0.00260 0.00297 0.00334 0.00372 0.00446 0.00557
43 0.00218 0.00254 0.00291 0.00327 0.00363 0.00436 0.00545
42 0.00213 0.00248 0.00284 0.00319 0.00355 0.00426 0.00532
41 0.00208 0.00242 0.00277 0.00312 0.00346 0.00416 0.00519
40 0.00203 0.00236 0.00270 0.00304 0.00338 0.00405 0.00507
39 0.00198 0.00231 0.00263 0.00296 0.00329 0.00395 0.00494
38 0.00193 0.00225 0.00257 0.00289 0.00321 0.00385 0.00481
37 0.00188 0.00219 0.00250 0.00281 0.00313 0.00375 0.00469
36 0.00182 0.00213 0.00243 0.00274 0.00304 0.00365 0.00456
35 0.00177 0.00207 0.00236 0.00266 0.00296 0.00355 0.00443
34 0.00172 0.00201 0.00230 0.00258 0.00287 0.00345 0.00431
33 0.00167 0.00195 0.00223 0.00251 0.00279 0.00334 0.00418
32 0.00162 0.00189 0.00216 0.00243 0.00270 0.00324 0.00405
31 0.00157 0.00183 0.00209 0.00236 0.00262 0.00314 0.00393
30 0.00152 0.00177 0.00203 0.00228 0.00253 0.00304 0.00380
29 0.00147 0.00171 0.00196 0.00220 0.00245 0.00294 0.00367
28 0.00142 0.00166 0.00189 0.00213 0.00236 0.00284 0.00355
27 0.00137 0.00160 0.00182 0.00205 0.00228 0.00274 0.00342
26 0.00132 0.00154 0.00176 0.00198 0.00220 0.00264 0.00329
25 0.00127 0.00148 0.00169 0.00190 0.00211 0.00253 0.00317
24 0.00122 0.00142 0.00162 0.00182 0.00203 0.00243 0.00304
23 0.00117 0.00136 0.00155 0.00175 0.00194 0.00233 0.00291
22 0.00111 0.00130 0.00149 0.00167 0.00186 0.00223 0.00279
21 0.00106 0.00124 0.00142 0.00160 0.00177 0.00213 0.00266
20 0.00101 0.00118 0.00135 0.00152 0.00169 0.00203 0.00253
19 0.00096 0.00112 0.00128 0.00144 0.00160 0.00193 0.00241
18 0.00091 0.00106 0.00122 0.00137 0.00152 0.00182 0.00228
17 0.00086 0.00101 0.00115 0.00129 0.00144 0.00172 0.00215
16 0.00081 0.00095 0.00108 0.00122 0.00135 0.00162 0.00203
15 0.00076 0.00089 0.00101 0.00114 0.00127 0.00152 0.00190
14 0.00071 0.00083 0.00095 0.00106 0.00118 0.00142 0.00177
13 0.00066 0.00077 0.00088 0.00099 0.00110 0.00132 0.00165
12 0.00061 0.00071 0.00081 0.00091 0.00101 0.00122 0.00152
11 0.00056 0.00065 0.00074 0.00084 0.00093 0.00111 0.00139
10 0.00051 0.00059 0.00068 0.00076 0.00084 0.00101 0.00127
9 0.00046 0.00053 0.00061 0.00068 0.00076 0.00091 0.00114
8 0.00041 0.00047 0.00054 0.00061 0.00068 0.00081 0.00101
7 0.00035 0.00041 0.00047 0.00053 0.00059 0.00071 0.00089
6 0.00030 0.00035 0.00041 0.00046 0.00051 0.00061 0.00076
5 0.00025 0.00030 0.00034 0.00038 0.00042 0.00051 0.00063
NOTE:Flow
Note: Flow isis based
based on
on 100% wateratat120
100% water 120ºF.
o
F.
Do 15"not useIS15"
O.C. NOTo.c.
FORwith
USEresidential applications.APPLICATIONS.
WITH RESIDENTIAL
Complete Design Assistance Manual — Appendix F – Flow Charts 241 231

Appendix F
30% GLYCOL / WATER SOLUTION
Flow Charts
10ºIN
FLOW Supply/Return
GPM PER FOOTDifferential Flow in GPM Per Foot of Tubing
OF TUBING
Tubing On-Center
Tubing Distances
On-Center Distances
2
50 0.00528 0.00616 0.00704 0.00792 0.00880 0.01056 0.01320
49 0.00517 0.00603 0.00690 0.00776 0.00862 0.01035 0.01293
48 0.00507 0.00591 0.00676 0.00760 0.00844 0.01013 0.01267
47 0.00496 0.00579 0.00661 0.00744 0.00827 0.00992 0.01240
46 0.00486 0.00566 0.00647 0.00728 0.00809 0.00971 0.01214
45 0.00475 0.00554 0.00633 0.00713 0.00792 0.00950 0.01188
44 0.00464 0.00542 0.00619 0.00697 0.00774 0.00929 0.01161
43 0.00454 0.00530 0.00605 0.00681 0.00757 0.00908 0.01135
42 0.00443 0.00517 0.00591 0.00665 0.00739 0.00887 0.01108
41 0.00433 0.00505 0.00577 0.00649 0.00721 0.00866 0.01082
40 0.00422 0.00493 0.00563 0.00633 0.00704 0.00845 0.01056
39 0.00412 0.00480 0.00549 0.00618 0.00686 0.00823 0.01029
38 0.00401 0.00468 0.00535 0.00602 0.00669 0.00802 0.01003
37 0.00391 0.00456 0.00521 0.00586 0.00651 0.00781 0.00976
36 0.00380 0.00443 0.00507 0.00570 0.00633 0.00760 0.00950
35 0.00369 0.00431 0.00493 0.00554 0.00616 0.00739 0.00924
34 0.00359 0.00419 0.00479 0.00538 0.00598 0.00718 0.00897
33 0.00348 0.00406 0.00464 0.00523 0.00581 0.00697 0.00871
32 0.00338 0.00394 0.00450 0.00507 0.00563 0.00676 0.00845
31 0.00327 0.00382 0.00436 0.00491 0.00545 0.00654 0.00818
30 0.00317 0.00369 0.00422 0.00475 0.00528 0.00633 0.00792
29 0.00306 0.00357 0.00408 0.00459 0.00510 0.00612 0.00765
28 0.00296 0.00345 0.00394 0.00443 0.00493 0.00591 0.00739
27 0.00285 0.00333 0.00380 0.00428 0.00475 0.00570 0.00713
26 0.00274 0.00320 0.00366 0.00412 0.00457 0.00549 0.00686
25 0.00264 0.00308 0.00352 0.00396 0.00440 0.00528 0.00660
24 0.00253 0.00296 0.00338 0.00380 0.00422 0.00507 0.00633
23 0.00243 0.00283 0.00324 0.00364 0.00405 0.00486 0.00607
22 0.00232 0.00271 0.00310 0.00348 0.00387 0.00464 0.00581
21 0.00222 0.00259 0.00296 0.00333 0.00369 0.00443 0.00554
20 0.00211 0.00246 0.00281 0.00317 0.00352 0.00422 0.00528
19 0.00201 0.00234 0.00267 0.00301 0.00334 0.00401 0.00501
18 0.00190 0.00222 0.00253 0.00285 0.00317 0.00380 0.00475
17 0.00179 0.00209 0.00239 0.00269 0.00299 0.00359 0.00449
16 0.00169 0.00197 0.00225 0.00253 0.00281 0.00338 0.00422
15 0.00158 0.00185 0.00211 0.00238 0.00264 0.00317 0.00396
14 0.00148 0.00172 0.00197 0.00222 0.00246 0.00296 0.00369
13 0.00137 0.00160 0.00183 0.00206 0.00229 0.00274 0.00343
12 0.00127 0.00148 0.00169 0.00190 0.00211 0.00253 0.00317
11 0.00116 0.00135 0.00155 0.00174 0.00194 0.00232 0.00290
10 0.00106 0.00123 0.00141 0.00158 0.00176 0.00211 0.00264
9 0.00095 0.00111 0.00127 0.00143 0.00158 0.00190 0.00238
8 0.00084 0.00099 0.00113 0.00127 0.00141 0.00169 0.00211
7 0.00074 0.00086 0.00099 0.00111 0.00123 0.00148 0.00185
6 0.00063 0.00074 0.00084 0.00095 0.00106 0.00127 0.00158
5 0.00053 0.00062 0.00070 0.00079 0.00088 0.00106 0.00132
NOTE: Flow is based on 30% glycol / water solution at 120 oF.
Note: Flow is based on 30% water at 120ºF.
15" O.C. IS NOT FOR USE WITH RESIDENTIAL APPLICATIONS.
Do not use 15" o.c. with residential applications.
242
Appendix F 30% GLYCOL / WATER SOLUTION

Flow Charts 20oF SUPPLY / RETURN DIFFERENTIAL 30% Water
20ºIN
FLOW Supply/Return
OF TUBING
Tubing On-Center
Tubing Distances
On-Center Distances
BTU/h/ft2 6" o.c. 7" o.c. 8" o.c. 9" o.c. 10" o.c. 12" o.c. 15" o.c.
50 0.00264 0.00308 0.00352 0.00396 0.00440 0.00528 0.00660
49 0.00259 0.00302 0.00345 0.00388 0.00431 0.00517 0.00647
48 0.00253 0.00296 0.00338 0.00380 0.00422 0.00507 0.00633
47 0.00248 0.00289 0.00331 0.00372 0.00413 0.00496 0.00620
46 0.00243 0.00283 0.00324 0.00364 0.00405 0.00486 0.00607
45 0.00238 0.00277 0.00317 0.00356 0.00396 0.00475 0.00594
44 0.00232 0.00271 0.00310 0.00348 0.00387 0.00464 0.00581
43 0.00227 0.00265 0.00303 0.00340 0.00378 0.00454 0.00567
42 0.00222 0.00259 0.00296 0.00333 0.00369 0.00443 0.00554
41 0.00216 0.00252 0.00289 0.00325 0.00361 0.00433 0.00541
40 0.00211 0.00246 0.00281 0.00317 0.00352 0.00422 0.00528
39 0.00206 0.00240 0.00274 0.00309 0.00343 0.00412 0.00515
38 0.00201 0.00234 0.00267 0.00301 0.00334 0.00401 0.00501
37 0.00195 0.00228 0.00260 0.00293 0.00325 0.00391 0.00488
36 0.00190 0.00222 0.00253 0.00285 0.00317 0.00380 0.00475
35 0.00185 0.00216 0.00246 0.00277 0.00308 0.00369 0.00462
34 0.00179 0.00209 0.00239 0.00269 0.00299 0.00359 0.00449
33 0.00174 0.00203 0.00232 0.00261 0.00290 0.00348 0.00435
32 0.00169 0.00197 0.00225 0.00253 0.00281 0.00338 0.00422
31 0.00164 0.00191 0.00218 0.00245 0.00273 0.00327 0.00409
30 0.00158 0.00185 0.00211 0.00238 0.00264 0.00317 0.00396
29 0.00153 0.00179 0.00204 0.00230 0.00255 0.00306 0.00383
28 0.00148 0.00172 0.00197 0.00222 0.00246 0.00296 0.00369
27 0.00143 0.00166 0.00190 0.00214 0.00238 0.00285 0.00356
26 0.00137 0.00160 0.00183 0.00206 0.00229 0.00274 0.00343
25 0.00132 0.00154 0.00176 0.00198 0.00220 0.00264 0.00330
24 0.00127 0.00148 0.00169 0.00190 0.00211 0.00253 0.00317
23 0.00121 0.00142 0.00162 0.00182 0.00202 0.00243 0.00303
22 0.00116 0.00135 0.00155 0.00174 0.00194 0.00232 0.00290
21 0.00111 0.00129 0.00148 0.00166 0.00185 0.00222 0.00277
20 0.00106 0.00123 0.00141 0.00158 0.00176 0.00211 0.00264
19 0.00100 0.00117 0.00134 0.00150 0.00167 0.00201 0.00251
18 0.00095 0.00111 0.00127 0.00143 0.00158 0.00190 0.00238
17 0.00090 0.00105 0.00120 0.00135 0.00150 0.00179 0.00224
16 0.00084 0.00099 0.00113 0.00127 0.00141 0.00169 0.00211
15 0.00079 0.00092 0.00106 0.00119 0.00132 0.00158 0.00198
14 0.00074 0.00086 0.00099 0.00111 0.00123 0.00148 0.00185
13 0.00069 0.00080 0.00091 0.00103 0.00114 0.00137 0.00172
12 0.00063 0.00074 0.00084 0.00095 0.00106 0.00127 0.00158
11 0.00058 0.00068 0.00077 0.00087 0.00097 0.00116 0.00145
10 0.00053 0.00062 0.00070 0.00079 0.00088 0.00106 0.00132
9 0.00048 0.00055 0.00063 0.00071 0.00079 0.00095 0.00119
8 0.00042 0.00049 0.00056 0.00063 0.00070 0.00084 0.00106
7 0.00037 0.00043 0.00049 0.00055 0.00062 0.00074 0.00092
6 0.00032 0.00037 0.00042 0.00048 0.00053 0.00063 0.00079
5 0.00026 0.00031 0.00035 0.00040 0.00044 0.00053 0.00066
o
NOTE: Flow is based on 30% glycol / water solution at 120 F.
243
Appendix F
Flow Charts 40% GLYCOL / WATER SOLUTION
Tubing On-Center
Tubing Distances
On-Center Distances
2
50 0.00542 0.00632 0.00722 0.00813 0.00903 0.01084 0.01354
49 0.00531 0.00619 0.00708 0.00796 0.00885 0.01062 0.01327
48 0.00520 0.00607 0.00693 0.00780 0.00867 0.01040 0.01300
47 0.00509 0.00594 0.00679 0.00764 0.00849 0.01019 0.01273
46 0.00498 0.00581 0.00665 0.00748 0.00831 0.00997 0.01246
45 0.00488 0.00569 0.00650 0.00731 0.00813 0.00975 0.01219
44 0.00477 0.00556 0.00636 0.00715 0.00795 0.00954 0.01192
43 0.00466 0.00544 0.00621 0.00699 0.00777 0.00932 0.01165
42 0.00455 0.00531 0.00607 0.00683 0.00758 0.00910 0.01138
41 0.00444 0.00518 0.00592 0.00666 0.00740 0.00888 0.01111
40 0.00433 0.00506 0.00578 0.00650 0.00722 0.00867 0.01084
39 0.00423 0.00493 0.00563 0.00634 0.00704 0.00845 0.01056
38 0.00412 0.00480 0.00549 0.00618 0.00686 0.00823 0.01029
37 0.00401 0.00468 0.00534 0.00601 0.00668 0.00802 0.01002
36 0.00390 0.00455 0.00520 0.00585 0.00650 0.00780 0.00975
35 0.00379 0.00442 0.00506 0.00569 0.00632 0.00758 0.00948
34 0.00368 0.00430 0.00491 0.00553 0.00614 0.00737 0.00921
33 0.00358 0.00417 0.00477 0.00536 0.00596 0.00715 0.00894
32 0.00347 0.00404 0.00462 0.00520 0.00578 0.00693 0.00867
31 0.00336 0.00392 0.00448 0.00504 0.00560 0.00672 0.00840
30 0.00325 0.00379 0.00433 0.00488 0.00542 0.00650 0.00813
29 0.00314 0.00367 0.00419 0.00471 0.00524 0.00628 0.00786
28 0.00303 0.00354 0.00404 0.00455 0.00506 0.00607 0.00758
27 0.00293 0.00341 0.00390 0.00439 0.00488 0.00585 0.00731
26 0.00282 0.00329 0.00376 0.00423 0.00470 0.00563 0.00704
25 0.00271 0.00316 0.00361 0.00406 0.00451 0.00542 0.00677
24 0.00260 0.00303 0.00347 0.00390 0.00433 0.00520 0.00650
23 0.00249 0.00291 0.00332 0.00374 0.00415 0.00498 0.00623
22 0.00238 0.00278 0.00318 0.00358 0.00397 0.00477 0.00596
21 0.00228 0.00265 0.00303 0.00341 0.00379 0.00455 0.00569
20 0.00217 0.00253 0.00289 0.00325 0.00361 0.00433 0.00542
19 0.00206 0.00240 0.00274 0.00309 0.00343 0.00412 0.00515
18 0.00195 0.00228 0.00260 0.00293 0.00325 0.00390 0.00488
17 0.00184 0.00215 0.00246 0.00276 0.00307 0.00368 0.00461
16 0.00173 0.00202 0.00231 0.00260 0.00289 0.00347 0.00433
15 0.00163 0.00190 0.00217 0.00244 0.00271 0.00325 0.00406
14 0.00152 0.00177 0.00202 0.00228 0.00253 0.00303 0.00379
13 0.00141 0.00164 0.00188 0.00211 0.00235 0.00282 0.00352
12 0.00130 0.00152 0.00173 0.00195 0.00217 0.00260 0.00325
11 0.00119 0.00139 0.00159 0.00179 0.00199 0.00238 0.00298
10 0.00108 0.00126 0.00144 0.00163 0.00181 0.00217 0.00271
9 0.00098 0.00114 0.00130 0.00146 0.00163 0.00195 0.00244
8 0.00087 0.00101 0.00116 0.00130 0.00144 0.00173 0.00217
7 0.00076 0.00088 0.00101 0.00114 0.00126 0.00152 0.00190
6 0.00065 0.00076 0.00087 0.00098 0.00108 0.00130 0.00163
5 0.00054 0.00063 0.00072 0.00081 0.00090 0.00108 0.00135
o
NOTE:Flow
Note: Flowisisbased
basedonon 40%
40% glycol
water /atwater solution at 120 F.
120ºF.
15" O.C. IS NOT FOR USE WITH
Do not use 15" o.c. with residential RESIDENTIAL
applications.APPLICATIONS.
234 244 Appendix F – Flow Charts — www.uponorpro.com

Appendix F

Tubing On-Center
Tubing Distances
On-Center Distances
2
50 0.00271 0.00316 0.00361 0.00406 0.00451 0.00542 0.00677
49 0.00265 0.00310 0.00354 0.00398 0.00442 0.00531 0.00664
48 0.00260 0.00303 0.00347 0.00390 0.00433 0.00520 0.00650
47 0.00255 0.00297 0.00339 0.00382 0.00424 0.00509 0.00637
46 0.00249 0.00291 0.00332 0.00374 0.00415 0.00498 0.00623
45 0.00244 0.00284 0.00325 0.00366 0.00406 0.00488 0.00609
44 0.00238 0.00278 0.00318 0.00358 0.00397 0.00477 0.00596
43 0.00233 0.00272 0.00311 0.00349 0.00388 0.00466 0.00582
42 0.00228 0.00265 0.00303 0.00341 0.00379 0.00455 0.00569
41 0.00222 0.00259 0.00296 0.00333 0.00370 0.00444 0.00555
40 0.00217 0.00253 0.00289 0.00325 0.00361 0.00433 0.00542
39 0.00211 0.00246 0.00282 0.00317 0.00352 0.00423 0.00528
38 0.00206 0.00240 0.00274 0.00309 0.00343 0.00412 0.00515
37 0.00200 0.00234 0.00267 0.00301 0.00334 0.00401 0.00501
36 0.00195 0.00228 0.00260 0.00293 0.00325 0.00390 0.00488
35 0.00190 0.00221 0.00253 0.00284 0.00316 0.00379 0.00474
34 0.00184 0.00215 0.00246 0.00276 0.00307 0.00368 0.00461
33 0.00179 0.00209 0.00238 0.00268 0.00298 0.00358 0.00447
32 0.00173 0.00202 0.00231 0.00260 0.00289 0.00347 0.00433
31 0.00168 0.00196 0.00224 0.00252 0.00280 0.00336 0.00420
30 0.00163 0.00190 0.00217 0.00244 0.00271 0.00325 0.00406
29 0.00157 0.00183 0.00209 0.00236 0.00262 0.00314 0.00393
28 0.00152 0.00177 0.00202 0.00228 0.00253 0.00303 0.00379
27 0.00146 0.00171 0.00195 0.00219 0.00244 0.00293 0.00366
26 0.00141 0.00164 0.00188 0.00211 0.00235 0.00282 0.00352
25 0.00135 0.00158 0.00181 0.00203 0.00226 0.00271 0.00339
24 0.00130 0.00152 0.00173 0.00195 0.00217 0.00260 0.00325
23 0.00125 0.00145 0.00166 0.00187 0.00208 0.00249 0.00312
22 0.00119 0.00139 0.00159 0.00179 0.00199 0.00238 0.00298
21 0.00114 0.00133 0.00152 0.00171 0.00190 0.00228 0.00284
20 0.00108 0.00126 0.00144 0.00163 0.00181 0.00217 0.00271
19 0.00103 0.00120 0.00137 0.00154 0.00172 0.00206 0.00257
18 0.00098 0.00114 0.00130 0.00146 0.00163 0.00195 0.00244
17 0.00092 0.00107 0.00123 0.00138 0.00153 0.00184 0.00230
16 0.00087 0.00101 0.00116 0.00130 0.00144 0.00173 0.00217
15 0.00081 0.00095 0.00108 0.00122 0.00135 0.00163 0.00203
14 0.00076 0.00088 0.00101 0.00114 0.00126 0.00152 0.00190
13 0.00070 0.00082 0.00094 0.00106 0.00117 0.00141 0.00176
12 0.00065 0.00076 0.00087 0.00098 0.00108 0.00130 0.00163
11 0.00060 0.00070 0.00079 0.00089 0.00099 0.00119 0.00149
10 0.00054 0.00063 0.00072 0.00081 0.00090 0.00108 0.00135
9 0.00049 0.00057 0.00065 0.00073 0.00081 0.00098 0.00122
8 0.00043 0.00051 0.00058 0.00065 0.00072 0.00087 0.00108
7 0.00038 0.00044 0.00051 0.00057 0.00063 0.00076 0.00095
6 0.00033 0.00038 0.00043 0.00049 0.00054 0.00065 0.00081
5 0.00027 0.00032 0.00036 0.00041 0.00045 0.00054 0.00068
o
NOTE:Flow
Note: Flowisisbased
based on
on 40% water /atwater
40% glycol 120ºF.
solution at 120 F.
Do not use 15" o.c. with residential
15" O.C. IS NOT FOR USE WITH applications.APPLICATIONS.
RESIDENTIAL
Complete Design Assistance Manual — Appendix F – Flow Charts 245 235

Appendix F
10º IN
FLOW Supply/Return
OF TUBING
Tubing On-Center
Tubing Distances
On-Center Distances
2
50 0.00568 0.00663 0.00758 0.00852 0.00947 0.01136 0.01421
49 0.00557 0.00650 0.00742 0.00835 0.00928 0.01114 0.01392
48 0.00546 0.00636 0.00727 0.00818 0.00909 0.01091 0.01364
47 0.00534 0.00623 0.00712 0.00801 0.00890 0.01068 0.01335
46 0.00523 0.00610 0.00697 0.00784 0.00871 0.01046 0.01307
45 0.00511 0.00597 0.00682 0.00767 0.00852 0.01023 0.01279
44 0.00500 0.00583 0.00667 0.00750 0.00833 0.01000 0.01250
43 0.00489 0.00570 0.00652 0.00733 0.00814 0.00977 0.01222
42 0.00477 0.00557 0.00636 0.00716 0.00796 0.00955 0.01193
41 0.00466 0.00544 0.00621 0.00699 0.00777 0.00932 0.01165
40 0.00455 0.00530 0.00606 0.00682 0.00758 0.00909 0.01136
39 0.00443 0.00517 0.00591 0.00665 0.00739 0.00886 0.01108
38 0.00432 0.00504 0.00576 0.00648 0.00720 0.00864 0.01080
37 0.00421 0.00491 0.00561 0.00631 0.00701 0.00841 0.01051
36 0.00409 0.00477 0.00545 0.00614 0.00682 0.00818 0.01023
35 0.00398 0.00464 0.00530 0.00597 0.00663 0.00796 0.00994
34 0.00386 0.00451 0.00515 0.00580 0.00644 0.00773 0.00966
33 0.00375 0.00438 0.00500 0.00563 0.00625 0.00750 0.00938
32 0.00364 0.00424 0.00485 0.00546 0.00606 0.00727 0.00909
31 0.00352 0.00411 0.00470 0.00528 0.00587 0.00705 0.00881
30 0.00341 0.00398 0.00455 0.00511 0.00568 0.00682 0.00852
29 0.00330 0.00384 0.00439 0.00494 0.00549 0.00659 0.00824
28 0.00318 0.00371 0.00424 0.00477 0.00530 0.00636 0.00796
27 0.00307 0.00358 0.00409 0.00460 0.00511 0.00614 0.00767
26 0.00295 0.00345 0.00394 0.00443 0.00492 0.00591 0.00739
25 0.00284 0.00331 0.00379 0.00426 0.00474 0.00568 0.00710
24 0.00273 0.00318 0.00364 0.00409 0.00455 0.00546 0.00682
23 0.00261 0.00305 0.00348 0.00392 0.00436 0.00523 0.00653
22 0.00250 0.00292 0.00333 0.00375 0.00417 0.00500 0.00625
21 0.00239 0.00278 0.00318 0.00358 0.00398 0.00477 0.00597
20 0.00227 0.00265 0.00303 0.00341 0.00379 0.00455 0.00568
19 0.00216 0.00252 0.00288 0.00324 0.00360 0.00432 0.00540
18 0.00205 0.00239 0.00273 0.00307 0.00341 0.00409 0.00511
17 0.00193 0.00225 0.00258 0.00290 0.00322 0.00386 0.00483
16 0.00182 0.00212 0.00242 0.00273 0.00303 0.00364 0.00455
15 0.00170 0.00199 0.00227 0.00256 0.00284 0.00341 0.00426
14 0.00159 0.00186 0.00212 0.00239 0.00265 0.00318 0.00398
13 0.00148 0.00172 0.00197 0.00222 0.00246 0.00295 0.00369
12 0.00136 0.00159 0.00182 0.00205 0.00227 0.00273 0.00341
11 0.00125 0.00146 0.00167 0.00188 0.00208 0.00250 0.00313
10 0.00114 0.00133 0.00152 0.00170 0.00189 0.00227 0.00284
9 0.00102 0.00119 0.00136 0.00153 0.00170 0.00205 0.00256
8 0.00091 0.00106 0.00121 0.00136 0.00152 0.00182 0.00227
7 0.00080 0.00093 0.00106 0.00119 0.00133 0.00159 0.00199
6 0.00068 0.00080 0.00091 0.00102 0.00114 0.00136 0.00170
5 0.00057 0.00066 0.00076 0.00085 0.00095 0.00114 0.00142
o
NOTE: Flow is based on 50% glycol / water solution at 120 F.
246
Appendix F

20ºIN
FLOW Supply/Return
OF TUBING
Tubing On-Center
Tubing Distances
On-Center Distances
2
50 0.00507 0.00591 0.00676 0.00760 0.00845 0.01014 0.01267
49 0.00497 0.00579 0.00662 0.00745 0.00828 0.00993 0.01242
48 0.00487 0.00568 0.00649 0.00730 0.00811 0.00973 0.01216
47 0.00476 0.00556 0.00635 0.00715 0.00794 0.00953 0.01191
46 0.00466 0.00544 0.00622 0.00699 0.00777 0.00932 0.01166
45 0.00456 0.00532 0.00608 0.00684 0.00760 0.00912 0.01140
44 0.00446 0.00520 0.00595 0.00669 0.00743 0.00892 0.01115
43 0.00436 0.00508 0.00581 0.00654 0.00726 0.00872 0.01090
42 0.00426 0.00497 0.00568 0.00639 0.00709 0.00851 0.01064
41 0.00416 0.00485 0.00554 0.00623 0.00693 0.00831 0.01039
40 0.00405 0.00473 0.00541 0.00608 0.00676 0.00811 0.01014
39 0.00395 0.00461 0.00527 0.00593 0.00659 0.00791 0.00988
38 0.00385 0.00449 0.00513 0.00578 0.00642 0.00770 0.00963
37 0.00375 0.00437 0.00500 0.00563 0.00625 0.00750 0.00938
36 0.00365 0.00426 0.00486 0.00547 0.00608 0.00730 0.00912
35 0.00355 0.00414 0.00473 0.00532 0.00591 0.00709 0.00887
34 0.00345 0.00402 0.00459 0.00517 0.00574 0.00689 0.00862
33 0.00334 0.00390 0.00446 0.00502 0.00557 0.00669 0.00836
32 0.00324 0.00378 0.00432 0.00487 0.00541 0.00649 0.00811
31 0.00314 0.00367 0.00419 0.00471 0.00524 0.00628 0.00786
30 0.00304 0.00355 0.00405 0.00456 0.00507 0.00608 0.00760
29 0.00294 0.00343 0.00392 0.00441 0.00490 0.00588 0.00735
28 0.00284 0.00331 0.00378 0.00426 0.00473 0.00568 0.00709
27 0.00274 0.00319 0.00365 0.00410 0.00456 0.00547 0.00684
26 0.00264 0.00307 0.00351 0.00395 0.00439 0.00527 0.00659
25 0.00253 0.00296 0.00338 0.00380 0.00422 0.00507 0.00633
24 0.00243 0.00284 0.00324 0.00365 0.00405 0.00487 0.00608
23 0.00233 0.00272 0.00311 0.00350 0.00389 0.00466 0.00583
22 0.00223 0.00260 0.00297 0.00334 0.00372 0.00446 0.00557
21 0.00213 0.00248 0.00284 0.00319 0.00355 0.00426 0.00532
20 0.00203 0.00236 0.00270 0.00304 0.00338 0.00405 0.00507
19 0.00193 0.00225 0.00257 0.00289 0.00321 0.00385 0.00481
18 0.00182 0.00213 0.00243 0.00274 0.00304 0.00365 0.00456
17 0.00172 0.00201 0.00230 0.00258 0.00287 0.00345 0.00431
16 0.00162 0.00189 0.00216 0.00243 0.00270 0.00324 0.00405
15 0.00152 0.00177 0.00203 0.00228 0.00253 0.00304 0.00380
14 0.00142 0.00166 0.00189 0.00213 0.00236 0.00284 0.00355
13 0.00132 0.00154 0.00176 0.00198 0.00220 0.00264 0.00329
12 0.00122 0.00142 0.00162 0.00182 0.00203 0.00243 0.00304
11 0.00111 0.00130 0.00149 0.00167 0.00186 0.00223 0.00279
10 0.00101 0.00118 0.00135 0.00152 0.00169 0.00203 0.00253
9 0.00091 0.00106 0.00122 0.00137 0.00152 0.00182 0.00228
8 0.00081 0.00095 0.00108 0.00122 0.00135 0.00162 0.00203
7 0.00071 0.00083 0.00095 0.00106 0.00118 0.00142 0.00177
6 0.00061 0.00071 0.00081 0.00091 0.00101 0.00122 0.00152
5 0.00051 0.00059 0.00068 0.00076 0.00084 0.00101 0.00127
o
NOTE: Flow is based on 100% water at 120 F.
240
Appendix G
Hydronic Friction Loss Tables
⁄16" Uponor PEX-a — 100% Water — Feet of Head per Foot of Tubing
5
Velocity GPM 80ºF 90ºF 100ºF 110ºF 120ºF 130ºF 140ºF 150ºF 160ºF 170ºF 180ºF 190ºF 200ºF
(ft./sec.) 27ºC 32ºC 38ºC 43ºC 49ºC 54ºC 60ºC 66ºC 71ºC 77ºC 82ºC 88ºC 93ºC
0.5 0.10 0.00908 0.00873 0.00841 0.00814 0.00789 0.00767 0.00747 0.00729 0.00712 0.00697 0.00683 0.00670 0.00659
0.6 0.13 0.01230 0.01183 0.01141 0.01105 0.01072 0.01043 0.01016 0.00992 0.00970 0.00950 0.00931 0.00914 0.00899
0.7 0.15 0.01591 0.01531 0.01479 0.01433 0.01391 0.01354 0.01320 0.01289 0.01261 0.01235 0.01212 0.01190 0.01170
0.8 0.17 0.01990 0.01917 0.01852 0.01795 0.01744 0.01698 0.01657 0.01619 0.01584 0.01552 0.01523 0.01496 0.01471
0.9 0.19 0.02426 0.02338 0.02261 0.02192 0.02131 0.02075 0.02025 0.01979 0.01938 0.01899 0.01864 0.01832 0.01802
1.0 0.21 0.02898 0.02795 0.02703 0.02622 0.02550 0.02484 0.02425 0.02371 0.02322 0.02276 0.02235 0.02197 0.02161
1.1 0.23 0.03405 0.03285 0.03179 0.03085 0.03000 0.02924 0.02856 0.02793 0.02735 0.02682 0.02634 0.02589 0.02548
1.2 0.25 0.03946 0.03808 0.03687 0.03579 0.03482 0.03395 0.03316 0.03243 0.03178 0.03116 0.03061 0.03010 0.02962
1.3 0.27 0.04520 0.04364 0.04226 0.04104 0.03994 0.03895 0.03805 0.03723 0.03648 0.03579 0.03516 0.03458 0.03404
1.4 0.29 0.05127 0.04952 0.04797 0.04660 0.04536 0.04424 0.04324 0.04231 0.04147 0.04068 0.03998 0.03932 0.03871
1.5 0.31 0.05767 0.05572 0.05399 0.05246 0.05107 0.04983 0.04870 0.04767 0.04673 0.04585 0.04506 0.04433 0.04365
1.6 0.33 0.06438 0.06222 0.06031 0.05861 0.05707 0.05569 0.05445 0.05330 0.05226 0.05128 0.05041 0.04959 0.04884
1.7 0.35 0.07141 0.06903 0.06692 0.06505 0.06336 0.06184 0.06047 0.05920 0.05805 0.05698 0.05601 0.05512 0.05428
1.8 0.38 0.07874 0.07614 0.07383 0.07178 0.06993 0.06826 0.06676 0.06537 0.06411 0.06293 0.06187 0.06089 0.05997
1.9 0.40 0.08638 0.08355 0.08103 0.07880 0.07678 0.07496 0.07332 0.07180 0.07043 0.06914 0.06799 0.06692 0.06592
2.0 0.42 0.09433 0.09125 0.08852 0.08609 0.08390 0.08193 0.08014 0.07850 0.07701 0.07561 0.07435 0.07319 0.07210
2.1 0.44 0.10257 0.09924 0.09629 0.09367 0.09130 0.08916 0.08723 0.08545 0.08384 0.08233 0.08097 0.07970 0.07853
2.2 0.46 0.11110 0.10752 0.10434 0.10152 0.09896 0.09666 0.09458 0.09266 0.09092 0.08929 0.08782 0.08646 0.08519
2.3 0.48 0.11993 0.11609 0.11267 0.10964 0.10689 0.10442 0.10219 0.10013 0.09826 0.09650 0.09493 0.09346 0.09210
2.4 0.50 0.12905 0.12494 0.12128 0.11803 0.11509 0.11244 0.11005 0.10784 0.10584 0.10396 0.10227 0.10070 0.09924
2.5 0.52 0.13845 0.13406 0.13015 0.12669 0.12355 0.12072 0.11816 0.11580 0.11367 0.11165 0.10985 0.10817 0.10661
2.6 0.54 0.14814 0.14346 0.13930 0.13561 0.13226 0.12925 0.12653 0.12401 0.12174 0.11959 0.11767 0.11588 0.11422
2.7 0.56 0.15811 0.15314 0.14872 0.14480 0.14124 0.13804 0.13514 0.13247 0.13005 0.12777 0.12572 0.12382 0.12205
2.8 0.58 0.16836 0.16309 0.15841 0.15424 0.15047 0.14708 0.14400 0.14117 0.13860 0.13618 0.13401 0.13199 0.13011
2.9 0.61 0.17888 0.17331 0.16835 0.16395 0.15996 0.15636 0.15311 0.15011 0.14739 0.14483 0.14253 0.14039 0.13840
3.0 0.63 0.18968 0.18380 0.17856 0.17391 0.16970 0.16590 0.16246 0.15929 0.15641 0.15371 0.15128 0.14902 0.14692
3.1 0.65 0.20076 0.19456 0.18904 0.18413 0.17968 0.17568 0.17205 0.16871 0.16568 0.16282 0.16026 0.15788 0.15566
3.2 0.67 0.21210 0.20558 0.19977 0.19460 0.18992 0.18571 0.18189 0.17837 0.17517 0.17217 0.16947 0.16696 0.16462
3.3 0.69 0.22372 0.21686 0.21075 0.20533 0.20041 0.19597 0.19196 0.18826 0.18490 0.18174 0.17890 0.17626 0.17380
3.4 0.71 0.23560 0.22841 0.22200 0.21630 0.21114 0.20648 0.20227 0.19838 0.19486 0.19154 0.18856 0.18579 0.18320
Recommended Head Loss Design Range Sizing in this region will lead to excessive head loss conditions.
Complete Design Assistance Manual — Appendix G - Hydronic Friction Loss Tables 239
Appendix G
⁄ " Uponor PEX-a — 30% Propylene Glycol — Feet of Head per Foot of Tubing
5 16
0.5 0.10 0.01318 0.01231 0.01159 0.01096 0.01044 0.00998 0.00957 0.00924 0.00893 0.00864 0.00840 0.00817 0.00800
0.6 0.13 0.01767 0.01654 0.01559 0.01477 0.01409 0.01348 0.01294 0.01251 0.01209 0.01171 0.01140 0.01109 0.01087
0.7 0.15 0.02268 0.02126 0.02007 0.01903 0.01817 0.01741 0.01672 0.01618 0.01565 0.01517 0.01477 0.01438 0.01410
0.8 0.17 0.02819 0.02646 0.02499 0.02373 0.02267 0.02174 0.02090 0.02023 0.01958 0.01899 0.01850 0.01803 0.01767
0.9 0.19 0.03417 0.03211 0.03036 0.02885 0.02759 0.02647 0.02546 0.02466 0.02388 0.02317 0.02258 0.02201 0.02159
1.0 0.21 0.04061 0.03820 0.03615 0.03438 0.03289 0.03157 0.03039 0.02945 0.02853 0.02769 0.02700 0.02632 0.02583
1.1 0.23 0.04750 0.04472 0.04235 0.04030 0.03858 0.03706 0.03568 0.03459 0.03353 0.03256 0.03175 0.03096 0.03038
1.2 0.25 0.05483 0.05165 0.04895 0.04661 0.04465 0.04290 0.04133 0.04008 0.03886 0.03775 0.03683 0.03592 0.03526
1.3 0.27 0.06259 0.05900 0.05595 0.05330 0.05108 0.04910 0.04732 0.04590 0.04452 0.04326 0.04222 0.04119 0.04044
1.4 0.29 0.07077 0.06675 0.06333 0.06037 0.05787 0.05566 0.05365 0.05206 0.05051 0.04910 0.04792 0.04677 0.04592
1.5 0.31 0.07936 0.07490 0.07110 0.06780 0.06502 0.06255 0.06032 0.05855 0.05682 0.05524 0.05393 0.05264 0.05170
1.6 0.33 0.08836 0.08343 0.07923 0.07559 0.07252 0.06979 0.06732 0.06536 0.06344 0.06169 0.06024 0.05882 0.05777
1.7 0.35 0.09776 0.09235 0.08773 0.08373 0.08036 0.07735 0.07464 0.07248 0.07038 0.06845 0.06685 0.06528 0.06412
1.8 0.38 0.10754 0.10164 0.09660 0.09222 0.08853 0.08525 0.08228 0.07992 0.07761 0.07551 0.07376 0.07204 0.07077
1.9 0.40 0.11772 0.11130 0.10582 0.10106 0.09705 0.09347 0.09024 0.08766 0.08515 0.08286 0.08095 0.07907 0.07769
2.0 0.42 0.12827 0.12133 0.11539 0.11024 0.10589 0.10201 0.09851 0.09572 0.09299 0.09050 0.08843 0.08639 0.08489
2.1 0.44 0.13921 0.13172 0.12532 0.11975 0.11506 0.11087 0.10709 0.10407 0.10113 0.09843 0.09619 0.09399 0.09237
2.2 0.46 0.15051 0.14246 0.13558 0.12960 0.12455 0.12004 0.11597 0.11272 0.10955 0.10665 0.10424 0.10187 0.10012
2.3 0.48 0.16219 0.15356 0.14619 0.13977 0.13435 0.12952 0.12515 0.12167 0.11826 0.11515 0.11256 0.11001 0.10813
2.4 0.50 0.17423 0.16501 0.15713 0.15027 0.14448 0.13931 0.13463 0.13090 0.12726 0.12393 0.12116 0.11843 0.11642
2.5 0.52 0.18663 0.17681 0.16841 0.16109 0.15492 0.14940 0.14441 0.14043 0.13655 0.13299 0.13003 0.12711 0.12497
2.6 0.54 0.19938 0.18895 0.18002 0.17223 0.16566 0.15980 0.15449 0.15025 0.14611 0.14232 0.13917 0.13607 0.13378
2.7 0.56 0.21249 0.20143 0.19195 0.18369 0.17672 0.17049 0.16485 0.16035 0.15595 0.15192 0.14858 0.14528 0.14285
2.8 0.58 0.22596 0.21424 0.20421 0.19547 0.18808 0.18148 0.17550 0.17073 0.16607 0.16180 0.15825 0.15476 0.15218
2.9 0.61 0.23977 0.22739 0.21679 0.20755 0.19974 0.19276 0.18644 0.18139 0.17647 0.17195 0.16819 0.16449 0.16176
240 Appendix G - Hydronic Friction Loss Tables — www.uponorpro.com

Appendix G
5 16
0.5 0.10 0.01528 0.01408 0.01311 0.01229 0.01158 0.01100 0.01048 0.01005 0.00968 0.00932 0.00906 0.00876 0.00855
0.6 0.13 0.02041 0.01885 0.01758 0.01651 0.01559 0.01482 0.01414 0.01357 0.01309 0.01262 0.01227 0.01188 0.01160
0.7 0.15 0.02611 0.02416 0.02257 0.02123 0.02006 0.01909 0.01824 0.01752 0.01691 0.01631 0.01587 0.01538 0.01502
0.8 0.17 0.03235 0.02999 0.02805 0.02641 0.02499 0.02380 0.02276 0.02188 0.02113 0.02040 0.01985 0.01925 0.01881
0.9 0.19 0.03913 0.03631 0.03400 0.03205 0.03036 0.02894 0.02768 0.02663 0.02574 0.02486 0.02420 0.02348 0.02295
1.0 0.21 0.04641 0.04312 0.04042 0.03813 0.03614 0.03448 0.03300 0.03177 0.03072 0.02968 0.02891 0.02806 0.02743
1.1 0.23 0.05419 0.05040 0.04728 0.04464 0.04235 0.04042 0.03871 0.03729 0.03607 0.03486 0.03397 0.03298 0.03225
1.2 0.25 0.06245 0.05813 0.05458 0.05157 0.04895 0.04674 0.04480 0.04317 0.04177 0.04039 0.03937 0.03823 0.03740
1.3 0.27 0.07118 0.06632 0.06231 0.05891 0.05595 0.05345 0.05125 0.04940 0.04782 0.04626 0.04510 0.04381 0.04287
1.4 0.29 0.08037 0.07494 0.07046 0.06665 0.06333 0.06054 0.05806 0.05599 0.05422 0.05246 0.05116 0.04971 0.04865
1.5 0.31 0.09002 0.08399 0.07901 0.07478 0.07109 0.06798 0.06523 0.06293 0.06095 0.05899 0.05754 0.05592 0.05475
1.6 0.33 0.10011 0.09346 0.08797 0.08330 0.07923 0.07579 0.07275 0.07020 0.06802 0.06585 0.06424 0.06245 0.06115
1.7 0.35 0.11064 0.10335 0.09733 0.09221 0.08773 0.08396 0.08061 0.07781 0.07541 0.07302 0.07126 0.06928 0.06785
1.8 0.38 0.12159 0.11365 0.10708 0.10148 0.09659 0.09247 0.08882 0.08575 0.08312 0.08051 0.07858 0.07642 0.07485
1.9 0.40 0.13297 0.12435 0.11721 0.11113 0.10582 0.10133 0.09735 0.09401 0.09115 0.08831 0.08620 0.08385 0.08214
2.0 0.42 0.14477 0.13545 0.12773 0.12115 0.11539 0.11053 0.10622 0.10260 0.09950 0.09641 0.09413 0.09158 0.08972
2.1 0.44 0.15699 0.14694 0.13862 0.13152 0.12531 0.12007 0.11541 0.11151 0.10816 0.10482 0.10236 0.09960 0.09759
2.2 0.46 0.16961 0.15882 0.14988 0.14225 0.13558 0.12994 0.12493 0.12073 0.11712 0.11353 0.11088 0.10790 0.10574
2.3 0.48 0.18263 0.17108 0.16151 0.15334 0.14618 0.14014 0.13477 0.13026 0.12639 0.12254 0.11969 0.11650 0.11417
2.4 0.50 0.19605 0.18372 0.17350 0.16477 0.15712 0.15066 0.14492 0.14010 0.13596 0.13184 0.12879 0.12537 0.12289
2.5 0.52 0.20987 0.19674 0.18585 0.17655 0.16840 0.16151 0.15539 0.15024 0.14583 0.14143 0.13817 0.13453 0.13187
2.6 0.54 0.22407 0.21013 0.19856 0.18868 0.18001 0.17268 0.16617 0.16069 0.15599 0.15131 0.14784 0.14396 0.14113
2.7 0.56 0.23867 0.22389 0.21162 0.20114 0.19194 0.18417 0.17725 0.17144 0.16645 0.16147 0.15779 0.15367 0.15067
2.8 0.58 0.25364 0.23801 0.22503 0.21394 0.20420 0.19597 0.18864 0.18248 0.17719 0.17192 0.16802 0.16365 0.16047
Appendix G
5 16
0.5 0.10 0.01774 0.01620 0.01495 0.01391 0.01303 0.01228 0.01164 0.01109 0.01061 0.01018 0.00980 0.00948 0.00918
0.6 0.13 0.02360 0.02161 0.01997 0.01862 0.01748 0.01650 0.01566 0.01494 0.01431 0.01374 0.01324 0.01283 0.01243
0.7 0.15 0.03009 0.02761 0.02557 0.02387 0.02244 0.02121 0.02015 0.01924 0.01846 0.01774 0.01710 0.01658 0.01608
0.8 0.17 0.03718 0.03417 0.03170 0.02964 0.02789 0.02639 0.02510 0.02399 0.02303 0.02215 0.02136 0.02072 0.02011
0.9 0.19 0.04486 0.04129 0.03835 0.03589 0.03381 0.03203 0.03049 0.02916 0.02801 0.02695 0.02601 0.02525 0.02451
1.0 0.21 0.05309 0.04893 0.04550 0.04263 0.04019 0.03811 0.03630 0.03474 0.03339 0.03215 0.03104 0.03014 0.02927
1.1 0.23 0.06187 0.05709 0.05314 0.04983 0.04702 0.04461 0.04252 0.04072 0.03915 0.03772 0.03644 0.03540 0.03439
1.2 0.25 0.07119 0.06575 0.06125 0.05749 0.05428 0.05154 0.04915 0.04709 0.04530 0.04366 0.04219 0.04100 0.03985
1.3 0.27 0.08102 0.07490 0.06984 0.06559 0.06197 0.05887 0.05617 0.05384 0.05182 0.04996 0.04830 0.04695 0.04564
1.4 0.29 0.09135 0.08453 0.07887 0.07413 0.07008 0.06660 0.06358 0.06097 0.05870 0.05662 0.05476 0.05324 0.05177
1.5 0.31 0.10219 0.09463 0.08835 0.08309 0.07859 0.07473 0.07137 0.06847 0.06594 0.06363 0.06155 0.05986 0.05822
1.6 0.33 0.11351 0.10518 0.09827 0.09247 0.08751 0.08325 0.07954 0.07633 0.07354 0.07097 0.06868 0.06681 0.06500
1.7 0.35 0.12531 0.11620 0.10862 0.10226 0.09682 0.09215 0.08807 0.08455 0.08148 0.07866 0.07614 0.07408 0.07208
1.8 0.38 0.13758 0.12765 0.11940 0.11246 0.10652 0.10142 0.09697 0.09312 0.08976 0.08668 0.08392 0.08167 0.07948
1.9 0.40 0.15032 0.13955 0.13060 0.12306 0.11661 0.11106 0.10622 0.10203 0.09838 0.09503 0.09202 0.08957 0.08719
2.0 0.42 0.16351 0.15188 0.14220 0.13406 0.12707 0.12107 0.11583 0.11129 0.10734 0.10370 0.10044 0.09779 0.09520
2.1 0.44 0.17715 0.16464 0.15422 0.14544 0.13791 0.13144 0.12578 0.12089 0.11662 0.11269 0.10918 0.10631 0.10351
2.2 0.46 0.19124 0.17782 0.16663 0.15721 0.14912 0.14216 0.13608 0.13082 0.12623 0.12200 0.11822 0.11513 0.11212
2.3 0.48 0.20578 0.19142 0.17945 0.16936 0.16070 0.15324 0.14673 0.14108 0.13616 0.13163 0.12757 0.12425 0.12102
2.4 0.50 0.22074 0.20543 0.19266 0.18188 0.17264 0.16467 0.15771 0.15167 0.14641 0.14156 0.13722 0.13367 0.13022
2.5 0.52 0.23614 0.21985 0.20625 0.19478 0.18493 0.17644 0.16902 0.16259 0.15698 0.15180 0.14717 0.14338 0.13970
2.6 0.54 0.25196 0.23467 0.22023 0.20805 0.19758 0.18856 0.18067 0.17383 0.16785 0.16235 0.15742 0.15339 0.14947
2.7 0.56 0.26821 0.24989 0.23460 0.22168 0.21058 0.20101 0.19264 0.18538 0.17904 0.17320 0.16796 0.16369 0.15952

Appendix G
⁄ " Uponor PEX-a — 100% Water — Feet of Head per Foot of Tubing
3 8
0.6 0.18 0.00713 0.00685 0.00661 0.00640 0.00621 0.00604 0.00589 0.00575 0.00562 0.00550 0.00540 0.00530 0.00521
0.7 0.21 0.00966 0.00930 0.00899 0.00871 0.00845 0.00823 0.00802 0.00784 0.00767 0.00751 0.00737 0.00724 0.00711
0.8 0.24 0.01252 0.01206 0.01166 0.01130 0.01098 0.01069 0.01043 0.01019 0.00998 0.00977 0.00959 0.00943 0.00927
0.9 0.27 0.01567 0.01511 0.01461 0.01417 0.01378 0.01342 0.01310 0.01281 0.01254 0.01229 0.01207 0.01186 0.01167
1.0 0.30 0.01912 0.01845 0.01785 0.01732 0.01685 0.01642 0.01603 0.01568 0.01535 0.01505 0.01478 0.01453 0.01430
1.1 0.33 0.02286 0.02207 0.02136 0.02074 0.02017 0.01967 0.01921 0.01879 0.01841 0.01805 0.01773 0.01744 0.01716
1.2 0.36 0.02688 0.02595 0.02513 0.02441 0.02375 0.02316 0.02263 0.02214 0.02170 0.02128 0.02091 0.02056 0.02024
1.3 0.39 0.03117 0.03011 0.02917 0.02833 0.02758 0.02690 0.02629 0.02573 0.02522 0.02474 0.02431 0.02392 0.02355
1.4 0.42 0.03572 0.03452 0.03345 0.03251 0.03165 0.03088 0.03019 0.02955 0.02897 0.02843 0.02794 0.02749 0.02706
1.5 0.45 0.04054 0.03919 0.03799 0.03692 0.03596 0.03510 0.03431 0.03359 0.03294 0.03233 0.03178 0.03127 0.03079
1.6 0.48 0.04562 0.04411 0.04277 0.04158 0.04051 0.03954 0.03867 0.03786 0.03713 0.03645 0.03583 0.03526 0.03473
1.7 0.51 0.05095 0.04928 0.04780 0.04648 0.04529 0.04421 0.04324 0.04235 0.04154 0.04078 0.04010 0.03947 0.03888
1.8 0.54 0.05653 0.05469 0.05306 0.05161 0.05029 0.04911 0.04804 0.04706 0.04616 0.04533 0.04457 0.04387 0.04322
1.9 0.57 0.06237 0.06035 0.05856 0.05697 0.05553 0.05423 0.05306 0.05198 0.05100 0.05008 0.04925 0.04848 0.04777
2.0 0.60 0.06844 0.06624 0.06429 0.06255 0.06098 0.05957 0.05829 0.05711 0.05604 0.05504 0.05413 0.05330 0.05252
2.1 0.63 0.07476 0.07237 0.07025 0.06836 0.06666 0.06512 0.06373 0.06245 0.06129 0.06020 0.05922 0.05831 0.05746
2.2 0.66 0.08131 0.07873 0.07644 0.07440 0.07255 0.07089 0.06939 0.06800 0.06674 0.06556 0.06450 0.06351 0.06259
2.3 0.69 0.08810 0.08532 0.08285 0.08065 0.07866 0.07687 0.07525 0.07376 0.07240 0.07112 0.06998 0.06892 0.06792
2.4 0.72 0.09513 0.09214 0.08949 0.08713 0.08499 0.08306 0.08132 0.07971 0.07826 0.07689 0.07565 0.07451 0.07344
2.5 0.75 0.10239 0.09919 0.09635 0.09382 0.09153 0.08946 0.08760 0.08588 0.08431 0.08284 0.08152 0.08030 0.07915
2.6 0.78 0.10987 0.10646 0.10342 0.10072 0.09827 0.09607 0.09408 0.09224 0.09057 0.08899 0.08758 0.08627 0.08505
2.7 0.81 0.11759 0.11395 0.11072 0.10784 0.10523 0.10288 0.10076 0.09879 0.09701 0.09534 0.09384 0.09244 0.09113
2.8 0.84 0.12553 0.12167 0.11823 0.11517 0.11240 0.10990 0.10764 0.10555 0.10366 0.10188 0.10028 0.09879 0.09740
2.9 0.87 0.13369 0.12960 0.12595 0.12270 0.11976 0.11712 0.11472 0.11250 0.11049 0.10860 0.10690 0.10533 0.10385
3.0 0.90 0.14208 0.13775 0.13388 0.13045 0.12734 0.12453 0.12199 0.11965 0.11752 0.11552 0.11372 0.11205 0.11049
3.1 0.93 0.15069 0.14611 0.14203 0.13840 0.13511 0.13215 0.12946 0.12699 0.12474 0.12262 0.12072 0.11895 0.11730
3.2 0.96 0.15951 0.15469 0.15038 0.14656 0.14309 0.13996 0.13713 0.13452 0.13214 0.12991 0.12790 0.12604 0.12430
3.3 0.99 0.16856 0.16348 0.15895 0.15492 0.15127 0.14797 0.14499 0.14224 0.13974 0.13739 0.13527 0.13331 0.13147
3.4 1.02 0.17782 0.17248 0.16772 0.16348 0.15964 0.15618 0.15304 0.15015 0.14752 0.14504 0.14282 0.14075 0.13883
3.5 1.05 0.18729 0.18169 0.17669 0.17225 0.16821 0.16458 0.16129 0.15825 0.15549 0.15289 0.15055 0.14838 0.14636
3.6 1.08 0.19698 0.19111 0.18587 0.18121 0.17698 0.17317 0.16972 0.16653 0.16364 0.16091 0.15846 0.15619 0.15406
3.7 1.11 0.20688 0.20074 0.19525 0.19037 0.18595 0.18196 0.17834 0.17500 0.17197 0.16912 0.16655 0.16417 0.16194
3.8 1.14 0.21700 0.21057 0.20484 0.19974 0.19511 0.19093 0.18715 0.18366 0.18049 0.17750 0.17482 0.17233 0.17000
3.8 1.14 0.22732 0.22061 0.21462 0.20929 0.20446 0.20010 0.19615 0.19250 0.18919 0.18607 0.18327 0.18066 0.17823
Appendix G
3 8
0.5 0.15 0.01025 0.00960 0.00904 0.00857 0.00817 0.00782 0.00751 0.00726 0.00702 0.00680 0.00662 0.00644 0.00631
0.6 0.18 0.01377 0.01292 0.01219 0.01157 0.01105 0.01059 0.01017 0.00984 0.00952 0.00923 0.00899 0.00876 0.00859
0.7 0.21 0.01771 0.01663 0.01572 0.01493 0.01427 0.01369 0.01316 0.01275 0.01234 0.01197 0.01167 0.01137 0.01115
0.8 0.24 0.02203 0.02072 0.01960 0.01864 0.01783 0.01712 0.01647 0.01596 0.01546 0.01501 0.01464 0.01427 0.01400
0.9 0.27 0.02674 0.02517 0.02384 0.02269 0.02172 0.02086 0.02009 0.01947 0.01888 0.01833 0.01788 0.01744 0.01711
1.0 0.30 0.03182 0.02998 0.02841 0.02706 0.02592 0.02491 0.02400 0.02328 0.02257 0.02193 0.02140 0.02088 0.02049
1.1 0.33 0.03725 0.03513 0.03332 0.03175 0.03043 0.02926 0.02820 0.02737 0.02655 0.02580 0.02519 0.02458 0.02413
1.2 0.36 0.04304 0.04061 0.03854 0.03675 0.03524 0.03390 0.03269 0.03173 0.03080 0.02994 0.02923 0.02854 0.02802
1.3 0.39 0.04917 0.04642 0.04408 0.04206 0.04035 0.03883 0.03746 0.03637 0.03531 0.03434 0.03354 0.03275 0.03216
1.4 0.42 0.05563 0.05256 0.04994 0.04766 0.04575 0.04404 0.04250 0.04128 0.04009 0.03900 0.03809 0.03720 0.03655
1.5 0.45 0.06242 0.05901 0.05609 0.05356 0.05143 0.04953 0.04782 0.04645 0.04512 0.04390 0.04290 0.04190 0.04117
1.6 0.48 0.06954 0.06577 0.06255 0.05975 0.05739 0.05529 0.05339 0.05188 0.05041 0.04906 0.04794 0.04685 0.04604
1.7 0.51 0.07698 0.07284 0.06930 0.06622 0.06363 0.06132 0.05923 0.05757 0.05595 0.05446 0.05323 0.05202 0.05113
1.8 0.54 0.08473 0.08020 0.07634 0.07298 0.07014 0.06761 0.06533 0.06351 0.06173 0.06011 0.05876 0.05744 0.05646
1.9 0.57 0.09279 0.08787 0.08367 0.08001 0.07692 0.07417 0.07168 0.06970 0.06776 0.06599 0.06452 0.06308 0.06201
2.0 0.60 0.10116 0.09583 0.09128 0.08731 0.08397 0.08098 0.07829 0.07613 0.07404 0.07211 0.07052 0.06895 0.06779
2.1 0.63 0.10983 0.10408 0.09917 0.09489 0.09128 0.08805 0.08514 0.08281 0.08055 0.07847 0.07675 0.07505 0.07380
2.2 0.66 0.11880 0.11262 0.10734 0.10273 0.09885 0.09538 0.09224 0.08974 0.08730 0.08506 0.08320 0.08137 0.08003
2.3 0.69 0.12807 0.12145 0.11578 0.11084 0.10667 0.10295 0.09958 0.09690 0.09428 0.09188 0.08988 0.08792 0.08647
2.4 0.72 0.13763 0.13055 0.12449 0.11921 0.11475 0.11078 0.10717 0.10430 0.10149 0.09892 0.09679 0.09468 0.09313
2.5 0.75 0.14748 0.13993 0.13347 0.12785 0.12309 0.11884 0.11500 0.11193 0.10894 0.10619 0.10391 0.10167 0.10001
2.6 0.78 0.15761 0.14959 0.14272 0.13674 0.13167 0.12716 0.12306 0.11980 0.11661 0.11369 0.11126 0.10887 0.10711
2.7 0.81 0.16803 0.15953 0.15224 0.14588 0.14051 0.13571 0.13136 0.12790 0.12451 0.12140 0.11883 0.11629 0.11441
2.8 0.84 0.17873 0.16973 0.16201 0.15528 0.14959 0.14451 0.13990 0.13622 0.13263 0.12934 0.12661 0.12392 0.12193
2.9 0.87 0.18972 0.18020 0.17205 0.16493 0.15891 0.15354 0.14867 0.14478 0.14098 0.13750 0.13461 0.13176 0.12966
3.0 0.90 0.20098 0.19094 0.18234 0.17483 0.16848 0.16281 0.15767 0.15356 0.14955 0.14588 0.14282 0.13981 0.13759
3.1 0.93 0.21251 0.20195 0.19289 0.18498 0.17829 0.17231 0.16689 0.16257 0.15834 0.15447 0.15125 0.14807 0.14573
3.2 0.96 0.22432 0.21322 0.20369 0.19537 0.18834 0.18205 0.17635 0.17180 0.16735 0.16327 0.15988 0.15655 0.15408
3.3 0.99 0.23640 0.22475 0.21475 0.20601 0.19863 0.19202 0.18603 0.18125 0.17658 0.17229 0.16873 0.16522 0.16264

Appendix G
3 8
0.5 0.15 0.01183 0.01093 0.01019 0.00957 0.00903 0.00859 0.00819 0.00787 0.00759 0.00731 0.00711 0.00688 0.00672
0.6 0.18 0.01583 0.01465 0.01369 0.01288 0.01218 0.01159 0.01107 0.01064 0.01027 0.00991 0.00964 0.00934 0.00913
0.7 0.21 0.02028 0.01881 0.01760 0.01658 0.01570 0.01496 0.01430 0.01375 0.01329 0.01283 0.01249 0.01211 0.01183
0.8 0.24 0.02517 0.02338 0.02191 0.02066 0.01958 0.01867 0.01786 0.01719 0.01662 0.01605 0.01564 0.01517 0.01483
0.9 0.27 0.03048 0.02834 0.02659 0.02510 0.02380 0.02271 0.02175 0.02095 0.02026 0.01958 0.01908 0.01852 0.01811
1.0 0.30 0.03619 0.03369 0.03163 0.02989 0.02837 0.02709 0.02596 0.02501 0.02420 0.02340 0.02281 0.02215 0.02167
1.1 0.33 0.04229 0.03941 0.03703 0.03502 0.03326 0.03178 0.03047 0.02937 0.02844 0.02750 0.02682 0.02605 0.02549
1.2 0.36 0.04878 0.04549 0.04278 0.04048 0.03847 0.03678 0.03528 0.03403 0.03295 0.03189 0.03110 0.03022 0.02958
1.3 0.39 0.05565 0.05194 0.04887 0.04627 0.04400 0.04208 0.04039 0.03897 0.03775 0.03654 0.03565 0.03465 0.03392
1.4 0.42 0.06287 0.05873 0.05530 0.05238 0.04983 0.04769 0.04578 0.04419 0.04282 0.04146 0.04046 0.03933 0.03852
1.5 0.45 0.07046 0.06586 0.06205 0.05881 0.05597 0.05358 0.05146 0.04968 0.04816 0.04664 0.04552 0.04427 0.04336
1.6 0.48 0.07841 0.07333 0.06912 0.06554 0.06241 0.05976 0.05742 0.05545 0.05376 0.05209 0.05085 0.04946 0.04845
1.7 0.51 0.08670 0.08113 0.07651 0.07258 0.06913 0.06623 0.06365 0.06149 0.05963 0.05778 0.05642 0.05489 0.05378
1.8 0.54 0.09533 0.08925 0.08421 0.07992 0.07615 0.07298 0.07015 0.06779 0.06575 0.06373 0.06224 0.06056 0.05934
1.9 0.57 0.10430 0.09770 0.09222 0.08755 0.08346 0.08000 0.07693 0.07435 0.07213 0.06993 0.06830 0.06648 0.06515
2.0 0.60 0.11361 0.10646 0.10053 0.09547 0.09104 0.08729 0.08396 0.08117 0.07876 0.07637 0.07461 0.07262 0.07118
2.1 0.63 0.12324 0.11554 0.10915 0.10369 0.09890 0.09486 0.09126 0.08824 0.08564 0.08306 0.08115 0.07901 0.07745
2.2 0.66 0.13320 0.12492 0.11806 0.11219 0.10704 0.10269 0.09882 0.09556 0.09277 0.08999 0.08793 0.08562 0.08394
2.3 0.69 0.14348 0.13462 0.12726 0.12097 0.11545 0.11078 0.10663 0.10314 0.10014 0.09715 0.09494 0.09246 0.09066
2.4 0.72 0.15408 0.14461 0.13675 0.13003 0.12413 0.11913 0.11469 0.11096 0.10775 0.10455 0.10218 0.09953 0.09760
2.5 0.75 0.16499 0.15491 0.14653 0.13936 0.13307 0.12775 0.12301 0.11902 0.11560 0.11218 0.10966 0.10682 0.10476
2.6 0.78 0.17621 0.16550 0.15659 0.14897 0.14228 0.13661 0.13157 0.12733 0.12368 0.12005 0.11736 0.11434 0.11214
2.7 0.81 0.18774 0.17639 0.16694 0.15886 0.15175 0.14574 0.14038 0.13588 0.13200 0.12814 0.12528 0.12208 0.11974
2.8 0.84 0.19958 0.18756 0.17757 0.16901 0.16148 0.15511 0.14944 0.14466 0.14056 0.13647 0.13343 0.13003 0.12755
2.9 0.87 0.21172 0.19903 0.18847 0.17942 0.17147 0.16473 0.15874 0.15369 0.14934 0.14501 0.14180 0.13821 0.13558
3.0 0.90 0.22416 0.21078 0.19964 0.19010 0.18171 0.17461 0.16827 0.16294 0.15836 0.15379 0.15040 0.14660 0.14383
3.1 0.93 0.23690 0.22282 0.21109 0.20105 0.19221 0.18472 0.17805 0.17243 0.16760 0.16278 0.15921 0.15520 0.15228
3.2 0.96 0.24993 0.23514 0.22282 0.21225 0.20296 0.19508 0.18807 0.18215 0.17707 0.17200 0.16824 0.16402 0.16094
Appendix G
3 8
0.5 0.15 0.01368 0.01252 0.01158 0.01079 0.01013 0.00956 0.00908 0.00866 0.00830 0.00796 0.00767 0.00743 0.00720
0.6 0.18 0.01823 0.01674 0.01550 0.01448 0.01361 0.01287 0.01223 0.01168 0.01121 0.01077 0.01038 0.01007 0.00977
0.7 0.21 0.02329 0.02142 0.01988 0.01859 0.01750 0.01657 0.01576 0.01507 0.01447 0.01392 0.01343 0.01303 0.01265
0.8 0.24 0.02882 0.02655 0.02468 0.02311 0.02178 0.02064 0.01966 0.01881 0.01807 0.01740 0.01680 0.01631 0.01583
0.9 0.27 0.03482 0.03212 0.02989 0.02802 0.02644 0.02508 0.02390 0.02288 0.02200 0.02119 0.02047 0.01989 0.01932
1.0 0.30 0.04126 0.03811 0.03550 0.03332 0.03146 0.02987 0.02848 0.02729 0.02625 0.02530 0.02445 0.02376 0.02309
1.1 0.33 0.04813 0.04450 0.04150 0.03898 0.03683 0.03499 0.03339 0.03201 0.03081 0.02971 0.02872 0.02792 0.02714
1.2 0.36 0.05542 0.05130 0.04788 0.04501 0.04256 0.04045 0.03862 0.03704 0.03567 0.03441 0.03328 0.03236 0.03147
1.3 0.39 0.06313 0.05848 0.05462 0.05138 0.04862 0.04624 0.04417 0.04238 0.04083 0.03940 0.03812 0.03708 0.03606
1.4 0.42 0.07123 0.06604 0.06173 0.05811 0.05501 0.05235 0.05003 0.04802 0.04628 0.04467 0.04323 0.04206 0.04093
1.5 0.45 0.07973 0.07398 0.06919 0.06517 0.06173 0.05877 0.05619 0.05395 0.05201 0.05022 0.04862 0.04732 0.04605
1.6 0.48 0.08862 0.08228 0.07701 0.07257 0.06877 0.06550 0.06264 0.06018 0.05803 0.05605 0.05428 0.05283 0.05143
1.7 0.51 0.09789 0.09095 0.08516 0.08029 0.07612 0.07253 0.06940 0.06668 0.06432 0.06214 0.06019 0.05861 0.05706
1.8 0.54 0.10753 0.09996 0.09366 0.08834 0.08379 0.07986 0.07644 0.07347 0.07089 0.06851 0.06637 0.06463 0.06294
1.9 0.57 0.11755 0.10933 0.10248 0.09671 0.09176 0.08749 0.08377 0.08054 0.07772 0.07513 0.07281 0.07091 0.06907
2.0 0.60 0.12792 0.11905 0.11164 0.10539 0.10003 0.09541 0.09138 0.08788 0.08483 0.08201 0.07949 0.07744 0.07543
2.1 0.63 0.13866 0.12910 0.12112 0.11439 0.10861 0.10362 0.09926 0.09549 0.09219 0.08916 0.08643 0.08421 0.08204
2.2 0.66 0.14975 0.13949 0.13092 0.12369 0.11747 0.11212 0.10743 0.10337 0.09982 0.09655 0.09362 0.09122 0.08889
2.3 0.69 0.16119 0.15021 0.14104 0.13329 0.12664 0.12089 0.11587 0.11151 0.10770 0.10420 0.10105 0.09848 0.09598
2.4 0.72 0.17298 0.16127 0.15147 0.14320 0.13609 0.12995 0.12457 0.11991 0.11584 0.11209 0.10872 0.10597 0.10329
2.5 0.75 0.18511 0.17264 0.16222 0.15340 0.14582 0.13928 0.13355 0.12858 0.12424 0.12023 0.11664 0.11370 0.11084
2.6 0.78 0.19758 0.18434 0.17326 0.16390 0.15584 0.14888 0.14279 0.13750 0.13288 0.12862 0.12479 0.12167 0.11862
2.7 0.81 0.21039 0.19636 0.18462 0.17469 0.16614 0.15876 0.15229 0.14668 0.14177 0.13725 0.13318 0.12986 0.12663
2.8 0.84 0.22352 0.20869 0.19627 0.18577 0.17672 0.16890 0.16205 0.15611 0.15091 0.14611 0.14181 0.13829 0.13486
2.9 0.87 0.23699 0.22134 0.20823 0.19713 0.18757 0.17931 0.17207 0.16579 0.16029 0.15522 0.15066 0.14694 0.14331
3.0 0.90 0.25079 0.23430 0.22048 0.20878 0.19870 0.18999 0.18235 0.17572 0.16992 0.16456 0.15975 0.15582 0.15199

1
Velocity GPM 40ºF 45ºF 50ºF 55ºF 60ºF 65ºF 70ºF 80ºF 90ºF 100ºF 110ºF 120ºF 130ºF 140ºF 150ºF 160ºF 170ºF 180ºF 190ºF 200ºF
(ft./sec.) 4ºC 7ºC 10ºC 13ºC 16ºC 18ºC 21ºC 27ºC 32ºC 38ºC 43ºC 49ºC 54ºC 60ºC 66ºC 71ºC 77ºC 82ºC 88ºC 93ºC
0.5 0.28 0.00626 0.00588 0.00545 0.00532 0.00518 0.00507 0.00495 0.00475 0.00458 0.00442 0.00429 0.00416 0.00405 0.00396 0.00386 0.00378 0.00371 0.00364 0.00357 0.00351
0.6 0.33 0.00846 0.00795 0.00739 0.00721 0.00703 0.00688 0.00672 0.00646 0.00623 0.00602 0.00584 0.00568 0.00553 0.00540 0.00528 0.00517 0.00507 0.00497 0.00489 0.00481
Appendix G
0.7 0.39 0.01091 0.01027 0.00956 0.00934 0.00910 0.00891 0.00872 0.00838 0.00809 0.00783 0.00760 0.00739 0.00720 0.00703 0.00688 0.00674 0.00661 0.00649 0.00638 0.00628
0.8 0.44 0.01362 0.01284 0.01196 0.01169 0.01140 0.01117 0.01093 0.01051 0.01015 0.00983 0.00954 0.00929 0.00906 0.00885 0.00866 0.00848 0.00832 0.00817 0.00804 0.00791
0.9 0.50 0.01658 0.01564 0.01459 0.01426 0.01392 0.01364 0.01334 0.01284 0.01241 0.01202 0.01168 0.01137 0.01109 0.01084 0.01061 0.01040 0.01020 0.01002 0.00986 0.00971
1.0 0.55 0.01977 0.01867 0.01743 0.01704 0.01664 0.01631 0.01596 0.01537 0.01486 0.01440 0.01399 0.01363 0.01330 0.01300 0.01273 0.01248 0.01224 0.01203 0.01184 0.01166

1.1 0.61 0.02320 0.02192 0.02048 0.02003 0.01956 0.01918 0.01878 0.01809 0.01749 0.01696 0.01649 0.01606 0.01568 0.01533 0.01501 0.01472 0.01445 0.01420 0.01398 0.01377
—
1.2 0.66 0.02685 0.02538 0.02374 0.02323 0.02269 0.02225 0.02179 0.02100 0.02031 0.01970 0.01916 0.01867 0.01823 0.01783 0.01746 0.01712 0.01681 0.01653 0.01627 0.01602
1.3 0.72 0.03073 0.02906 0.02720 0.02662 0.02601 0.02551 0.02498 0.02409 0.02331 0.02262 0.02200 0.02144 0.02094 0.02048 0.02006 0.01968 0.01933 0.01901 0.01871 0.01843
1.4 0.77 0.03482 0.03295 0.03086 0.03020 0.02952 0.02895 0.02837 0.02736 0.02648 0.02570 0.02501 0.02438 0.02381 0.02330 0.02283 0.02240 0.02200 0.02163 0.02130 0.02098
1.5 0.83 0.03913 0.03705 0.03472 0.03398 0.03322 0.03259 0.03193 0.03081 0.02983 0.02896 0.02818 0.02748 0.02684 0.02627 0.02574 0.02526 0.02481 0.02441 0.02403 0.02368
1.6 0.88 0.04365 0.04134 0.03876 0.03795 0.03710 0.03641 0.03568 0.03444 0.03335 0.03238 0.03152 0.03074 0.03003 0.02940 0.02881 0.02828 0.02778 0.02733 0.02691 0.02652
1.7 0.94 0.04837 0.04584 0.04300 0.04211 0.04117 0.04040 0.03960 0.03824 0.03704 0.03597 0.03502 0.03415 0.03338 0.03268 0.03203 0.03144 0.03089 0.03039 0.02993 0.02950
1.8 0.99 0.05330 0.05053 0.04742 0.04644 0.04542 0.04458 0.04370 0.04220 0.04089 0.03971 0.03867 0.03773 0.03688 0.03611 0.03540 0.03475 0.03415 0.03360 0.03309 0.03262
1.9 1.05 0.05843 0.05541 0.05203 0.05096 0.04985 0.04893 0.04798 0.04634 0.04490 0.04362 0.04249 0.04146 0.04053 0.03969 0.03891 0.03821 0.03754 0.03695 0.03639 0.03588
2.0 1.10 0.06376 0.06049 0.05682 0.05566 0.05445 0.05346 0.05242 0.05064 0.04908 0.04769 0.04646 0.04534 0.04433 0.04341 0.04257 0.04180 0.04108 0.04043 0.03983 0.03927
2.1 1.16 0.06929 0.06576 0.06179 0.06054 0.05923 0.05815 0.05703 0.05511 0.05342 0.05192 0.05058 0.04937 0.04827 0.04728 0.04637 0.04554 0.04476 0.04406 0.04341 0.04280
Appendix G - Hydronic Friction Loss Tables

2.2 1.22 0.07501 0.07121 0.06693 0.06559 0.06418 0.06302 0.06181 0.05974 0.05792 0.05630 0.05485 0.05355 0.05237 0.05130 0.05031 0.04942 0.04858 0.04782 0.04711 0.04646
2.3 1.27 0.08093 0.07685 0.07226 0.07081 0.06930 0.06805 0.06675 0.06453 0.06258 0.06083 0.05928 0.05787 0.05661 0.05546 0.05440 0.05343 0.05253 0.05171 0.05096 0.05025
2.4 1.33 0.08703 0.08267 0.07775 0.07621 0.07459 0.07325 0.07186 0.06948 0.06739 0.06552 0.06386 0.06235 0.06099 0.05976 0.05862 0.05759 0.05662 0.05574 0.05493 0.05417
2.5 1.38 0.09333 0.08867 0.08343 0.08177 0.08004 0.07862 0.07713 0.07459 0.07235 0.07036 0.06858 0.06697 0.06552 0.06420 0.06298 0.06188 0.06084 0.05991 0.05904 0.05823
2.6 1.44 0.09981 0.09485 0.08927 0.08751 0.08566 0.08415 0.08257 0.07986 0.07747 0.07534 0.07345 0.07173 0.07019 0.06878 0.06748 0.06631 0.06520 0.06420 0.06328 0.06241
2.7 1.49 0.10648 0.10121 0.09528 0.09341 0.09145 0.08984 0.08816 0.08528 0.08274 0.08048 0.07847 0.07664 0.07499 0.07350 0.07212 0.07087 0.06969 0.06863 0.06764 0.06672
2.8 1.55 0.11333 0.10775 0.10146 0.09948 0.09740 0.09570 0.09391 0.09086 0.08817 0.08577 0.08363 0.08169 0.07994 0.07836 0.07689 0.07556 0.07431 0.07319 0.07214 0.07116
2.9 1.60 0.12036 0.11446 0.10781 0.10571 0.10352 0.10171 0.09982 0.09659 0.09374 0.09120 0.08894 0.08688 0.08503 0.08335 0.08180 0.08039 0.07906 0.07787 0.07676 0.07573
3.0 1.66 0.12758 0.12135 0.11433 0.11211 0.10979 0.10788 0.10589 0.10247 0.09946 0.09677 0.09438 0.09221 0.09025 0.08848 0.08684 0.08535 0.08395 0.08269 0.08151 0.08042
3.1 1.71 0.13497 0.12841 0.12101 0.11867 0.11622 0.11421 0.11211 0.10850 0.10533 0.10250 0.09997 0.09768 0.09562 0.09374 0.09201 0.09044 0.08896 0.08763 0.08639 0.08523
3.2 1.77 0.14255 0.13564 0.12785 0.12539 0.12282 0.12070 0.11848 0.11469 0.11135 0.10836 0.10570 0.10329 0.10111 0.09914 0.09732 0.09566 0.09410 0.09270 0.09139 0.09017
3.3 1.82 0.15030 0.14304 0.13486 0.13228 0.12957 0.12734 0.12501 0.12102 0.11751 0.11437 0.11157 0.10904 0.10675 0.10467 0.10275 0.10101 0.09937 0.09789 0.09652 0.09524
3.4 1.88 0.15823 0.15061 0.14203 0.13932 0.13647 0.13414 0.13169 0.12750 0.12381 0.12052 0.11758 0.11492 0.11252 0.11033 0.10832 0.10649 0.10476 0.10321 0.10177 0.10042
3.5 1.93 0.16633 0.15835 0.14936 0.14652 0.14354 0.14109 0.13853 0.13413 0.13027 0.12681 0.12373 0.12094 0.11842 0.11613 0.11402 0.11210 0.11029 0.10866 0.10714 0.10573
3.6 1.99 0.17460 0.16626 0.15684 0.15387 0.15075 0.14819 0.14551 0.14091 0.13686 0.13324 0.13002 0.12709 0.12445 0.12205 0.11984 0.11783 0.11593 0.11423 0.11264 0.11116
3.7 2.04 0.18305 0.17433 0.16449 0.16138 0.15812 0.15544 0.15264 0.14783 0.14360 0.13981 0.13644 0.13338 0.13062 0.12811 0.12579 0.12369 0.12171 0.11992 0.11826 0.11671
Continued on next page
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3.8 2.10 0.19167 0.18257 0.17230 0.16905 0.16565 0.16285 0.15992 0.15490 0.15048 0.14652 0.14300 0.13980 0.13692 0.13430 0.13188 0.12968 0.12760 0.12574 0.12400 0.12238
3.9 2.15 0.20046 0.19097 0.18026 0.17688 0.17333 0.17040 0.16735 0.16211 0.15750 0.15337 0.14970 0.14636 0.14335 0.14061 0.13808 0.13579 0.13362 0.13168 0.12987 0.12818
Appendix G
4.0 2.21 0.20942 0.19954 0.18838 0.18485 0.18115 0.17811 0.17493 0.16947 0.16466 0.16036 0.15653 0.15305 0.14990 0.14705 0.14442 0.14203 0.13977 0.13774 0.13585 0.13409
4.1 2.26 0.21855 0.20827 0.19665 0.19298 0.18913 0.18596 0.18265 0.17697 0.17196 0.16748 0.16349 0.15987 0.15659 0.15362 0.15088 0.14839 0.14604 0.14392 0.14195 0.14012
4.2 2.32 0.22785 0.21716 0.20508 0.20127 0.19726 0.19397 0.19052 0.18461 0.17940 0.17474 0.17059 0.16682 0.16341 0.16032 0.15747 0.15487 0.15243 0.15022 0.14818 0.14627
4.3 2.38 0.23732 0.22621 0.21367 0.20970 0.20554 0.20212 0.19854 0.19239 0.18698 0.18213 0.17782 0.17390 0.17036 0.16715 0.16418 0.16148 0.15894 0.15665 0.15452 0.15253
4.4 2.43 0.24695 0.23542 0.22240 0.21829 0.21397 0.21041 0.20669 0.20031 0.19469 0.18966 0.18518 0.18111 0.17743 0.17410 0.17101 0.16821 0.16557 0.16319 0.16098 0.15891
4.5 2.49 0.25674 0.24480 0.23129 0.22702 0.22254 0.21885 0.21500 0.20838 0.20254 0.19733 0.19268 0.18845 0.18464 0.18117 0.17797 0.17506 0.17232 0.16985 0.16756 0.16542
4.6 2.54 0.26670 0.25433 0.24033 0.23591 0.23126 0.22744 0.22344 0.21658 0.21053 0.20512 0.20030 0.19592 0.19197 0.18838 0.18506 0.18204 0.17919 0.17664 0.17426 0.17203

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1
⁄2" Uponor PEX-a — 30% Propylene Glycol — Feet of Head per Foot of Tubing
0.5 0.28 0.00940 0.00897 0.00852 0.00817 0.00781 0.00752 0.00721 0.00673 0.00631 0.00597 0.00566 0.00541 0.00519 0.00499 0.00483 0.00468 0.00453 0.00442 0.00430 0.00422
0.6 0.33 0.01255 0.01200 0.01141 0.01096 0.01048 0.01010 0.00970 0.00906 0.00852 0.00806 0.00767 0.00733 0.00704 0.00677 0.00656 0.00636 0.00617 0.00602 0.00586 0.00575
Appendix G
0.7 0.39 0.01606 0.01536 0.01463 0.01406 0.01346 0.01299 0.01248 0.01168 0.01100 0.01042 0.00991 0.00949 0.00912 0.00878 0.00851 0.00825 0.00802 0.00782 0.00762 0.00748
0.8 0.44 0.01990 0.01905 0.01816 0.01747 0.01674 0.01616 0.01555 0.01456 0.01373 0.01301 0.01240 0.01188 0.01142 0.01101 0.01068 0.01035 0.01006 0.00982 0.00958 0.00940
0.9 0.50 0.02406 0.02306 0.02199 0.02117 0.02031 0.01961 0.01888 0.01770 0.01670 0.01585 0.01511 0.01449 0.01394 0.01344 0.01304 0.01266 0.01230 0.01201 0.01172 0.01151
1.0 0.55 0.02854 0.02737 0.02612 0.02516 0.02415 0.02333 0.02247 0.02109 0.01992 0.01892 0.01805 0.01731 0.01666 0.01607 0.01561 0.01515 0.01473 0.01439 0.01404 0.01379

1.1 0.61 0.03332 0.03197 0.03054 0.02943 0.02826 0.02732 0.02633 0.02473 0.02337 0.02221 0.02120 0.02035 0.01959 0.01891 0.01836 0.01783 0.01735 0.01694 0.01655 0.01626
—
1.2 0.66 0.03840 0.03687 0.03523 0.03397 0.03263 0.03156 0.03043 0.02860 0.02704 0.02572 0.02456 0.02359 0.02272 0.02194 0.02131 0.02070 0.02014 0.01968 0.01923 0.01889
1.3 0.72 0.04377 0.04204 0.04019 0.03877 0.03726 0.03605 0.03477 0.03271 0.03095 0.02944 0.02813 0.02703 0.02605 0.02516 0.02445 0.02375 0.02312 0.02259 0.02207 0.02169
1.4 0.77 0.04943 0.04749 0.04543 0.04383 0.04215 0.04079 0.03935 0.03704 0.03506 0.03338 0.03191 0.03067 0.02956 0.02856 0.02776 0.02698 0.02627 0.02568 0.02509 0.02466
1.5 0.83 0.05536 0.05321 0.05092 0.04915 0.04727 0.04577 0.04417 0.04160 0.03940 0.03752 0.03588 0.03450 0.03327 0.03215 0.03126 0.03039 0.02959 0.02893 0.02828 0.02780
1.6 0.88 0.06156 0.05919 0.05667 0.05472 0.05265 0.05098 0.04922 0.04638 0.04395 0.04187 0.04005 0.03852 0.03716 0.03592 0.03493 0.03397 0.03308 0.03235 0.03162 0.03109
1.7 0.94 0.06803 0.06544 0.06267 0.06053 0.05826 0.05643 0.05450 0.05137 0.04870 0.04641 0.04442 0.04273 0.04123 0.03987 0.03878 0.03772 0.03674 0.03593 0.03513 0.03454
1.8 0.99 0.07477 0.07194 0.06892 0.06659 0.06411 0.06211 0.06000 0.05658 0.05366 0.05116 0.04898 0.04713 0.04548 0.04399 0.04280 0.04163 0.04056 0.03968 0.03880 0.03816
1.9 1.05 0.08177 0.07869 0.07542 0.07288 0.07019 0.06802 0.06572 0.06200 0.05883 0.05610 0.05372 0.05171 0.04992 0.04829 0.04699 0.04572 0.04455 0.04358 0.04263 0.04192
2.0 1.10 0.08902 0.08570 0.08215 0.07941 0.07649 0.07415 0.07166 0.06763 0.06419 0.06123 0.05866 0.05648 0.05453 0.05276 0.05135 0.04997 0.04870 0.04765 0.04661 0.04584
2.1 1.16 0.09653 0.09295 0.08913 0.08617 0.08303 0.08050 0.07781 0.07347 0.06975 0.06656 0.06377 0.06142 0.05931 0.05740 0.05587 0.05438 0.05301 0.05187 0.05074 0.04992

2.2 1.22 0.10429 0.10044 0.09634 0.09317 0.08979 0.08707 0.08418 0.07951 0.07551 0.07207 0.06907 0.06654 0.06427 0.06221 0.06056 0.05895 0.05747 0.05624 0.05503 0.05414
2.3 1.27 0.11229 0.10818 0.10379 0.10039 0.09677 0.09385 0.09076 0.08575 0.08146 0.07777 0.07455 0.07183 0.06939 0.06718 0.06541 0.06368 0.06210 0.06078 0.05947 0.05851
2.4 1.33 0.12054 0.11615 0.11146 0.10783 0.10397 0.10085 0.09754 0.09219 0.08760 0.08366 0.08021 0.07730 0.07469 0.07232 0.07043 0.06857 0.06687 0.06546 0.06406 0.06303
2.5 1.38 0.12904 0.12436 0.11937 0.11550 0.11138 0.10806 0.10454 0.09883 0.09393 0.08973 0.08605 0.08294 0.08015 0.07762 0.07560 0.07362 0.07180 0.07029 0.06880 0.06770
2.6 1.44 0.13777 0.13281 0.12750 0.12339 0.11901 0.11548 0.11173 0.10566 0.10045 0.09598 0.09206 0.08875 0.08578 0.08309 0.08093 0.07882 0.07689 0.07528 0.07369 0.07251
2.7 1.49 0.14674 0.14148 0.13586 0.13150 0.12685 0.12311 0.11913 0.11269 0.10716 0.10241 0.09825 0.09473 0.09158 0.08871 0.08642 0.08418 0.08212 0.08041 0.07872 0.07747
2.8 1.55 0.15594 0.15038 0.14443 0.13982 0.13491 0.13094 0.12673 0.11991 0.11405 0.10902 0.10461 0.10088 0.09753 0.09450 0.09207 0.08969 0.08751 0.08569 0.08389 0.08257
2.9 1.60 0.16538 0.15951 0.15323 0.14836 0.14317 0.13898 0.13453 0.12732 0.12113 0.11580 0.11114 0.10719 0.10366 0.10044 0.09787 0.09535 0.09304 0.09112 0.08922 0.08781
3.0 1.66 0.17505 0.16886 0.16224 0.15711 0.15164 0.14722 0.14253 0.13492 0.12839 0.12276 0.11785 0.11367 0.10994 0.10654 0.10382 0.10117 0.09872 0.09669 0.09468 0.09320
3.1 1.71 0.18495 0.17844 0.17148 0.16607 0.16031 0.15566 0.15072 0.14271 0.13583 0.12990 0.12472 0.12032 0.11638 0.11280 0.10993 0.10713 0.10455 0.10240 0.10029 0.09872
3.2 1.77 0.19508 0.18824 0.18092 0.17524 0.16919 0.16430 0.15911 0.15068 0.14344 0.13721 0.13175 0.12713 0.12298 0.11921 0.11619 0.11324 0.11052 0.10826 0.10603 0.10438
3.3 1.82 0.20543 0.19826 0.19058 0.18462 0.17827 0.17314 0.16769 0.15884 0.15124 0.14469 0.13896 0.13410 0.12974 0.12578 0.12260 0.11950 0.11664 0.11427 0.11192 0.11019
3.4 1.88 0.21601 0.20849 0.20045 0.19421 0.18755 0.18218 0.17646 0.16719 0.15921 0.15234 0.14633 0.14123 0.13665 0.13249 0.12917 0.12591 0.12291 0.12041 0.11795 0.11613
3.5 1.93 0.22680 0.21895 0.21053 0.20400 0.19703 0.19141 0.18542 0.17571 0.16736 0.16017 0.15387 0.14852 0.14372 0.13936 0.13588 0.13246 0.12932 0.12670 0.12411 0.12220
3.6 1.99 0.23782 0.22961 0.22082 0.21399 0.20671 0.20083 0.19458 0.18442 0.17568 0.16816 0.16156 0.15597 0.15095 0.14639 0.14273 0.13916 0.13586 0.13313 0.13042 0.12842
3.7 2.04 0.24906 0.24050 0.23132 0.22419 0.21659 0.21045 0.20392 0.19331 0.18418 0.17632 0.16943 0.16358 0.15833 0.15356 0.14974 0.14600 0.14256 0.13969 0.13686 0.13477
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3.8 2.10 0.26052 0.25159 0.24202 0.23459 0.22666 0.22026 0.21344 0.20237 0.19285 0.18464 0.17745 0.17134 0.16586 0.16088 0.15689 0.15298 0.14939 0.14640 0.14344 0.14125
3.9 2.15 0.27219 0.26289 0.25293 0.24519 0.23693 0.23026 0.22315 0.21162 0.20169 0.19313 0.18563 0.17926 0.17355 0.16835 0.16419 0.16011 0.15636 0.15324 0.15015 0.14787
Appendix G
4.0 2.21 0.28408 0.27441 0.26404 0.25598 0.24739 0.24044 0.23305 0.22104 0.21070 0.20179 0.19398 0.18734 0.18139 0.17597 0.17163 0.16739 0.16347 0.16022 0.15700 0.15462
4.1 2.26 0.29618 0.28613 0.27535 0.26698 0.25804 0.25082 0.24313 0.23064 0.21988 0.21061 0.20248 0.19557 0.18938 0.18374 0.17922 0.17480 0.17073 0.16734 0.16398 0.16151

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1
0.5 0.28 0.01170 0.01103 0.01032 0.00980 0.00925 0.00884 0.00840 0.00772 0.00715 0.00669 0.00630 0.00596 0.00568 0.00543 0.00522 0.00505 0.00487 0.00474 0.00460 0.00449
0.6 0.33 0.01553 0.01467 0.01375 0.01308 0.01236 0.01183 0.01126 0.01036 0.00963 0.00902 0.00851 0.00806 0.00769 0.00736 0.00708 0.00685 0.00662 0.00644 0.00625 0.00611
Appendix G
0.7 0.39 0.01977 0.01870 0.01755 0.01671 0.01582 0.01515 0.01444 0.01331 0.01239 0.01162 0.01098 0.01042 0.00994 0.00953 0.00918 0.00888 0.00858 0.00836 0.00812 0.00794
0.8 0.44 0.02440 0.02310 0.02171 0.02069 0.01961 0.01880 0.01793 0.01656 0.01543 0.01450 0.01370 0.01301 0.01243 0.01192 0.01149 0.01112 0.01076 0.01049 0.01019 0.00997
0.9 0.50 0.02941 0.02786 0.02622 0.02501 0.02372 0.02275 0.02172 0.02009 0.01874 0.01762 0.01668 0.01585 0.01515 0.01454 0.01402 0.01358 0.01314 0.01282 0.01245 0.01219
1.0 0.55 0.03477 0.03297 0.03105 0.02965 0.02815 0.02701 0.02580 0.02389 0.02231 0.02100 0.01989 0.01892 0.01810 0.01737 0.01676 0.01624 0.01572 0.01534 0.01491 0.01460

1.1 0.61 0.04048 0.03842 0.03622 0.03460 0.03287 0.03156 0.03017 0.02796 0.02613 0.02462 0.02333 0.02221 0.02126 0.02041 0.01971 0.01910 0.01850 0.01806 0.01756 0.01720
—
1.2 0.66 0.04654 0.04420 0.04169 0.03985 0.03788 0.03639 0.03481 0.03229 0.03021 0.02848 0.02700 0.02572 0.02463 0.02366 0.02285 0.02216 0.02147 0.02096 0.02039 0.01997
1.3 0.72 0.05293 0.05029 0.04748 0.04540 0.04319 0.04151 0.03972 0.03688 0.03452 0.03257 0.03090 0.02944 0.02821 0.02711 0.02620 0.02541 0.02462 0.02404 0.02339 0.02292
1.4 0.77 0.05964 0.05671 0.05356 0.05124 0.04877 0.04689 0.04490 0.04172 0.03907 0.03688 0.03501 0.03338 0.03199 0.03076 0.02973 0.02884 0.02796 0.02731 0.02658 0.02605
1.5 0.83 0.06667 0.06342 0.05994 0.05737 0.05463 0.05255 0.05033 0.04680 0.04386 0.04142 0.03934 0.03752 0.03598 0.03461 0.03345 0.03247 0.03148 0.03075 0.02994 0.02934
1.6 0.88 0.07401 0.07044 0.06661 0.06378 0.06076 0.05847 0.05602 0.05212 0.04888 0.04618 0.04388 0.04186 0.04016 0.03864 0.03736 0.03627 0.03518 0.03437 0.03346 0.03281
1.7 0.94 0.08167 0.07776 0.07356 0.07047 0.06716 0.06464 0.06196 0.05769 0.05412 0.05116 0.04863 0.04641 0.04453 0.04286 0.04146 0.04025 0.03905 0.03816 0.03716 0.03644
1.8 0.99 0.08962 0.08537 0.08080 0.07742 0.07381 0.07107 0.06815 0.06348 0.05959 0.05635 0.05359 0.05116 0.04910 0.04727 0.04574 0.04441 0.04310 0.04212 0.04103 0.04023
1.9 1.05 0.09787 0.09326 0.08830 0.08465 0.08073 0.07775 0.07457 0.06950 0.06527 0.06175 0.05874 0.05610 0.05386 0.05187 0.05019 0.04875 0.04731 0.04625 0.04506 0.04419
2.0 1.10 0.10641 0.10144 0.09609 0.09213 0.08790 0.08468 0.08124 0.07576 0.07117 0.06736 0.06410 0.06123 0.05880 0.05664 0.05482 0.05326 0.05170 0.05054 0.04925 0.04830
2.1 1.16 0.11525 0.10989 0.10414 0.09988 0.09532 0.09185 0.08815 0.08223 0.07729 0.07318 0.06965 0.06656 0.06393 0.06160 0.05963 0.05794 0.05625 0.05500 0.05360 0.05258

2.2 1.22 0.12436 0.11863 0.11245 0.10788 0.10299 0.09927 0.09529 0.08893 0.08362 0.07919 0.07540 0.07207 0.06925 0.06673 0.06461 0.06279 0.06097 0.05962 0.05811 0.05701
2.3 1.27 0.13376 0.12763 0.12103 0.11614 0.11091 0.10692 0.10266 0.09585 0.09016 0.08541 0.08135 0.07777 0.07474 0.07204 0.06976 0.06781 0.06585 0.06441 0.06278 0.06160
2.4 1.33 0.14344 0.13690 0.12986 0.12465 0.11906 0.11481 0.11026 0.10299 0.09690 0.09183 0.08748 0.08366 0.08041 0.07752 0.07509 0.07299 0.07090 0.06935 0.06761 0.06634
2.5 1.38 0.15340 0.14644 0.13895 0.13341 0.12746 0.12293 0.11809 0.11034 0.10385 0.09844 0.09381 0.08972 0.08626 0.08318 0.08058 0.07834 0.07611 0.07445 0.07259 0.07124
2.6 1.44 0.16363 0.15625 0.14830 0.14241 0.13610 0.13128 0.12614 0.11790 0.11100 0.10525 0.10032 0.09597 0.09229 0.08900 0.08623 0.08385 0.08147 0.07971 0.07773 0.07628
2.7 1.49 0.17412 0.16631 0.15789 0.15166 0.14497 0.13986 0.13441 0.12568 0.11836 0.11226 0.10702 0.10240 0.09849 0.09500 0.09206 0.08952 0.08699 0.08512 0.08301 0.08148
2.8 1.55 0.18489 0.17664 0.16774 0.16115 0.15407 0.14867 0.14290 0.13366 0.12591 0.11945 0.11390 0.10901 0.10486 0.10116 0.09804 0.09536 0.09268 0.09069 0.08845 0.08682
2.9 1.60 0.19592 0.18721 0.17783 0.17087 0.16340 0.15771 0.15162 0.14185 0.13367 0.12683 0.12097 0.11580 0.11141 0.10750 0.10419 0.10135 0.09851 0.09641 0.09404 0.09232
3.0 1.66 0.20721 0.19805 0.18816 0.18084 0.17297 0.16696 0.16054 0.15025 0.14162 0.13441 0.12822 0.12276 0.11813 0.11399 0.11051 0.10750 0.10450 0.10228 0.09978 0.09796
3.1 1.71 0.21876 0.20913 0.19874 0.19103 0.18276 0.17644 0.16969 0.15885 0.14976 0.14217 0.13565 0.12990 0.12501 0.12065 0.11698 0.11381 0.11065 0.10830 0.10567 0.10374
3.2 1.77 0.23057 0.22046 0.20955 0.20147 0.19277 0.18614 0.17904 0.16765 0.15810 0.15011 0.14325 0.13720 0.13207 0.12748 0.12361 0.12028 0.11695 0.11448 0.11170 0.10968
3.3 1.82 0.24263 0.23204 0.22061 0.21213 0.20301 0.19605 0.18861 0.17666 0.16663 0.15824 0.15104 0.14469 0.13929 0.13447 0.13040 0.12690 0.12340 0.12080 0.11788 0.11575
3.4 1.88 0.25495 0.24387 0.23190 0.22302 0.21348 0.20619 0.19838 0.18586 0.17535 0.16656 0.15900 0.15234 0.14668 0.14162 0.13735 0.13367 0.13000 0.12727 0.12421 0.12197
3.5 1.93 0.26752 0.25594 0.24343 0.23414 0.22416 0.21653 0.20837 0.19527 0.18426 0.17505 0.16714 0.16016 0.15423 0.14893 0.14445 0.14060 0.13675 0.13389 0.13068 0.12833
3.6 1.99 0.28034 0.26825 0.25518 0.24549 0.23506 0.22709 0.21856 0.20487 0.19336 0.18373 0.17546 0.16815 0.16194 0.15640 0.15172 0.14768 0.14365 0.14065 0.13729 0.13484
3.7 2.04 0.29341 0.28080 0.26717 0.25706 0.24618 0.23786 0.22896 0.21466 0.20264 0.19259 0.18394 0.17631 0.16982 0.16402 0.15913 0.15491 0.15070 0.14757 0.14405 0.14148
3.8 2.10 0.30673 0.29359 0.27939 0.26885 0.25751 0.24884 0.23956 0.22465 0.21211 0.20162 0.19260 0.18463 0.17786 0.17181 0.16670 0.16229 0.15789 0.15462 0.15095 0.14826
3.9 2.15 0.32029 0.30662 0.29184 0.28087 0.26906 0.26003 0.25037 0.23483 0.22177 0.21084 0.20143 0.19312 0.18606 0.17975 0.17442 0.16983 0.16523 0.16182 0.15799 0.15519
251
4.0 2.21 0.33409 0.31988 0.30452 0.29310 0.28082 0.27143 0.26137 0.24521 0.23161 0.22023 0.21043 0.20178 0.19442 0.18785 0.18230 0.17751 0.17272 0.16916 0.16517 0.16225
252
1
0.5 0.28 0.01398 0.01312 0.01221 0.01154 0.01083 0.01030 0.00974 0.00887 0.00815 0.00756 0.00707 0.00665 0.00630 0.00599 0.00573 0.00550 0.00529 0.00510 0.00495 0.00480
0.6 0.33 0.01848 0.01737 0.01619 0.01533 0.01441 0.01372 0.01300 0.01186 0.01093 0.01016 0.00952 0.00897 0.00850 0.00810 0.00775 0.00744 0.00717 0.00692 0.00672 0.00652
Appendix G
0.7 0.39 0.02343 0.02205 0.02059 0.01952 0.01838 0.01752 0.01661 0.01519 0.01402 0.01306 0.01225 0.01156 0.01097 0.01046 0.01002 0.00963 0.00928 0.00897 0.00871 0.00846
0.8 0.44 0.02881 0.02716 0.02539 0.02409 0.02271 0.02168 0.02058 0.01885 0.01743 0.01625 0.01526 0.01442 0.01369 0.01307 0.01252 0.01205 0.01162 0.01123 0.01092 0.01062
0.9 0.50 0.03462 0.03266 0.03058 0.02904 0.02740 0.02617 0.02487 0.02282 0.02112 0.01972 0.01854 0.01753 0.01666 0.01591 0.01526 0.01470 0.01418 0.01371 0.01334 0.01297
1.0 0.55 0.04083 0.03856 0.03613 0.03434 0.03244 0.03100 0.02948 0.02708 0.02510 0.02346 0.02207 0.02089 0.01987 0.01899 0.01822 0.01756 0.01695 0.01640 0.01595 0.01552
1.1 0.61 0.04743 0.04483 0.04205 0.03999 0.03781 0.03616 0.03441 0.03165 0.02936 0.02746 0.02586 0.02449 0.02332 0.02229 0.02140 0.02063 0.01992 0.01929 0.01877 0.01826
1.2 0.66 0.05441 0.05146 0.04831 0.04598 0.04350 0.04163 0.03963 0.03649 0.03389 0.03172 0.02989 0.02833 0.02699 0.02581 0.02480 0.02391 0.02310 0.02237 0.02178 0.02120
1.3 0.72 0.06177 0.05846 0.05492 0.05230 0.04951 0.04740 0.04516 0.04162 0.03868 0.03623 0.03417 0.03240 0.03088 0.02955 0.02840 0.02740 0.02647 0.02565 0.02497 0.02431
1.4 0.77 0.06948 0.06580 0.06186 0.05894 0.05583 0.05348 0.05097 0.04702 0.04373 0.04099 0.03868 0.03670 0.03499 0.03350 0.03221 0.03108 0.03004 0.02911 0.02835 0.02761
1.5 0.83 0.07755 0.07348 0.06913 0.06590 0.06246 0.05985 0.05707 0.05268 0.04904 0.04599 0.04342 0.04122 0.03932 0.03766 0.03622 0.03496 0.03380 0.03277 0.03192 0.03109
1.6 0.88 0.08597 0.08150 0.07672 0.07317 0.06938 0.06651 0.06345 0.05862 0.05459 0.05123 0.04839 0.04596 0.04386 0.04202 0.04042 0.03903 0.03775 0.03660 0.03566 0.03475
1.7 0.94 0.09473 0.08985 0.08462 0.08074 0.07659 0.07345 0.07011 0.06481 0.06039 0.05670 0.05359 0.05091 0.04860 0.04658 0.04483 0.04330 0.04189 0.04062 0.03959 0.03858
1.8 0.99 0.10383 0.09852 0.09283 0.08861 0.08410 0.08068 0.07703 0.07125 0.06643 0.06241 0.05900 0.05608 0.05355 0.05134 0.04942 0.04775 0.04620 0.04482 0.04368 0.04258
1.9 1.05 0.11325 0.10751 0.10135 0.09678 0.09188 0.08818 0.08422 0.07795 0.07272 0.06834 0.06464 0.06146 0.05871 0.05630 0.05421 0.05238 0.05070 0.04919 0.04795 0.04675
2.0 1.10 0.12301 0.11682 0.11017 0.10523 0.09995 0.09595 0.09167 0.08489 0.07923 0.07450 0.07049 0.06704 0.06406 0.06145 0.05918 0.05720 0.05537 0.05373 0.05239 0.05109
2.1 1.16 0.13308 0.12643 0.11929 0.11398 0.10830 0.10399 0.09938 0.09208 0.08598 0.08087 0.07655 0.07283 0.06961 0.06679 0.06434 0.06220 0.06023 0.05845 0.05700 0.05559
2.2 1.22 0.14347 0.13635 0.12869 0.12301 0.11691 0.11229 0.10735 0.09951 0.09296 0.08747 0.08282 0.07882 0.07536 0.07232 0.06969 0.06738 0.06525 0.06334 0.06178 0.06026
2.3 1.27 0.15417 0.14657 0.13839 0.13231 0.12580 0.12085 0.11557 0.10718 0.10017 0.09429 0.08930 0.08501 0.08130 0.07804 0.07521 0.07274 0.07045 0.06840 0.06672 0.06509
2.4 1.33 0.16518 0.15708 0.14837 0.14190 0.13495 0.12968 0.12404 0.11509 0.10760 0.10131 0.09599 0.09140 0.08743 0.08395 0.08092 0.07827 0.07583 0.07363 0.07183 0.07008
2.5 1.38 0.17650 0.16790 0.15864 0.15175 0.14437 0.13876 0.13276 0.12323 0.11525 0.10855 0.10288 0.09799 0.09375 0.09003 0.08680 0.08398 0.08137 0.07902 0.07710 0.07523
2.6 1.44 0.18812 0.17900 0.16919 0.16188 0.15404 0.14809 0.14172 0.13160 0.12312 0.11601 0.10997 0.10477 0.10026 0.09630 0.09287 0.08986 0.08707 0.08458 0.08253 0.08053
2.7 1.49 0.20004 0.19039 0.18001 0.17227 0.16398 0.15767 0.15093 0.14020 0.13121 0.12367 0.11726 0.11174 0.10695 0.10276 0.09910 0.09591 0.09295 0.09029 0.08812 0.08600
2.8 1.55 0.21225 0.20207 0.19110 0.18293 0.17417 0.16750 0.16037 0.14903 0.13952 0.13153 0.12475 0.11890 0.11383 0.10938 0.10551 0.10212 0.09899 0.09618 0.09387 0.09162
2.9 1.60 0.22476 0.21403 0.20247 0.19386 0.18461 0.17758 0.17006 0.15808 0.14804 0.13960 0.13244 0.12625 0.12090 0.11619 0.11210 0.10851 0.10520 0.10222 0.09978 0.09739
3.0 1.66 0.23755 0.22627 0.21410 0.20504 0.19531 0.18790 0.17998 0.16736 0.15678 0.14788 0.14032 0.13380 0.12814 0.12318 0.11885 0.11507 0.11157 0.10842 0.10584 0.10332
3.1 1.71 0.25064 0.23878 0.22601 0.21648 0.20625 0.19847 0.19013 0.17686 0.16572 0.15635 0.14840 0.14152 0.13557 0.13033 0.12578 0.12179 0.11810 0.11478 0.11206 0.10940

3.2 1.77 0.26400 0.25157 0.23817 0.22818 0.21744 0.20927 0.20052 0.18658 0.17487 0.16503 0.15667 0.14944 0.14317 0.13767 0.13287 0.12867 0.12479 0.12129 0.11843 0.11564
—
3.3 1.82 0.27766 0.26464 0.25060 0.24013 0.22888 0.22031 0.21114 0.19651 0.18424 0.17390 0.16512 0.15753 0.15095 0.14517 0.14013 0.13572 0.13164 0.12797 0.12496 0.12202
3.4 1.88 0.29159 0.27797 0.26329 0.25233 0.24055 0.23159 0.22198 0.20666 0.19380 0.18298 0.17377 0.16581 0.15891 0.15285 0.14756 0.14293 0.13865 0.13479 0.13163 0.12855
3.5 1.93 0.30580 0.29158 0.27623 0.26478 0.25247 0.24310 0.23305 0.21703 0.20358 0.19224 0.18261 0.17427 0.16705 0.16069 0.15516 0.15030 0.14581 0.14177 0.13846 0.13523
3.6 1.99 0.32028 0.30545 0.28944 0.27748 0.26463 0.25484 0.24435 0.22761 0.21355 0.20171 0.19163 0.18292 0.17536 0.16871 0.16291 0.15784 0.15314 0.14891 0.14544 0.14206
3.7 2.04 0.33504 0.31958 0.30289 0.29043 0.27703 0.26682 0.25587 0.23841 0.22373 0.21136 0.20084 0.19174 0.18384 0.17689 0.17084 0.16553 0.16062 0.15620 0.15257 0.14903
3.8 2.10 0.35007 0.33398 0.31660 0.30362 0.28966 0.27902 0.26762 0.24941 0.23411 0.22121 0.21023 0.20073 0.19249 0.18524 0.17892 0.17338 0.16825 0.16364 0.15985 0.15616
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3.9 2.15 0.36538 0.34864 0.33056 0.31706 0.30253 0.29146 0.27958 0.26063 0.24469 0.23125 0.21981 0.20991 0.20132 0.19376 0.18717 0.18139 0.17604 0.17123 0.16728 0.16342
5
0.5 0.40 0.00485 0.00456 0.00423 0.00413 0.00403 0.00394 0.00385 0.00370 0.00357 0.00345 0.00335 0.00326 0.00317 0.00310 0.00303 0.00296 0.00290 0.00285 0.00280 0.00276
0.6 0.48 0.00655 0.00617 0.00575 0.00561 0.00547 0.00536 0.00524 0.00504 0.00486 0.00471 0.00457 0.00445 0.00433 0.00423 0.00414 0.00406 0.00398 0.00391 0.00384 0.00378
Appendix G
0.7 0.56 0.00847 0.00799 0.00745 0.00728 0.00710 0.00696 0.00680 0.00655 0.00632 0.00613 0.00595 0.00579 0.00565 0.00552 0.00540 0.00529 0.00519 0.00510 0.00501 0.00494
0.8 0.65 0.01059 0.00999 0.00933 0.00912 0.00890 0.00872 0.00854 0.00822 0.00794 0.00770 0.00748 0.00728 0.00711 0.00695 0.00680 0.00667 0.00654 0.00643 0.00632 0.00623
0.9 0.73 0.01290 0.01218 0.01138 0.01113 0.01087 0.01066 0.01043 0.01005 0.00972 0.00942 0.00916 0.00892 0.00871 0.00852 0.00834 0.00818 0.00802 0.00789 0.00776 0.00764
1.0 0.81 0.01540 0.01455 0.01361 0.01332 0.01301 0.01276 0.01249 0.01204 0.01165 0.01130 0.01099 0.01070 0.01045 0.01022 0.01001 0.00982 0.00964 0.00948 0.00933 0.00919

1.1 0.89 0.01808 0.01710 0.01601 0.01566 0.01531 0.01501 0.01471 0.01418 0.01372 0.01331 0.01295 0.01262 0.01233 0.01206 0.01181 0.01159 0.01138 0.01119 0.01102 0.01085
—
1.2 0.97 0.02094 0.01982 0.01857 0.01817 0.01776 0.01742 0.01707 0.01647 0.01594 0.01547 0.01506 0.01468 0.01434 0.01403 0.01375 0.01349 0.01325 0.01303 0.01283 0.01264
1.3 1.05 0.02397 0.02271 0.02128 0.02084 0.02037 0.01999 0.01959 0.01890 0.01830 0.01777 0.01730 0.01687 0.01648 0.01613 0.01581 0.01551 0.01524 0.01499 0.01476 0.01454
1.4 1.13 0.02718 0.02576 0.02416 0.02366 0.02313 0.02270 0.02225 0.02148 0.02081 0.02020 0.01967 0.01918 0.01875 0.01835 0.01799 0.01766 0.01735 0.01707 0.01681 0.01657
1.5 1.21 0.03056 0.02897 0.02719 0.02663 0.02604 0.02556 0.02506 0.02420 0.02344 0.02277 0.02217 0.02163 0.02114 0.02070 0.02029 0.01992 0.01958 0.01926 0.01897 0.01870
1.6 1.29 0.03411 0.03235 0.03037 0.02975 0.02910 0.02857 0.02801 0.02706 0.02622 0.02547 0.02481 0.02421 0.02367 0.02317 0.02272 0.02231 0.02192 0.02158 0.02125 0.02095
1.7 1.37 0.03781 0.03588 0.03371 0.03302 0.03230 0.03172 0.03110 0.03005 0.02913 0.02830 0.02757 0.02691 0.02631 0.02577 0.02527 0.02481 0.02439 0.02400 0.02365 0.02331
1.8 1.45 0.04169 0.03957 0.03719 0.03644 0.03565 0.03501 0.03433 0.03318 0.03217 0.03126 0.03046 0.02973 0.02908 0.02848 0.02793 0.02743 0.02696 0.02654 0.02615 0.02578
1.9 1.53 0.04572 0.04341 0.04081 0.04000 0.03914 0.03844 0.03770 0.03644 0.03534 0.03435 0.03348 0.03268 0.03196 0.03131 0.03071 0.03017 0.02966 0.02919 0.02877 0.02837
2.0 1.61 0.04990 0.04740 0.04458 0.04370 0.04277 0.04200 0.04121 0.03984 0.03864 0.03757 0.03661 0.03575 0.03497 0.03426 0.03361 0.03302 0.03246 0.03196 0.03149 0.03106
2.1 1.69 0.05425 0.05154 0.04850 0.04754 0.04653 0.04571 0.04484 0.04337 0.04207 0.04091 0.03987 0.03894 0.03809 0.03733 0.03662 0.03598 0.03537 0.03483 0.03432 0.03385

2.2 1.77 0.05875 0.05583 0.05255 0.05152 0.05044 0.04955 0.04862 0.04702 0.04562 0.04437 0.04325 0.04224 0.04133 0.04051 0.03974 0.03905 0.03840 0.03781 0.03726 0.03675
2.3 1.86 0.06340 0.06027 0.05675 0.05564 0.05447 0.05352 0.05252 0.05081 0.04930 0.04795 0.04676 0.04567 0.04469 0.04380 0.04298 0.04223 0.04153 0.04090 0.04031 0.03976
2.4 1.94 0.06820 0.06485 0.06108 0.05989 0.05865 0.05762 0.05655 0.05472 0.05310 0.05166 0.05038 0.04921 0.04816 0.04721 0.04633 0.04553 0.04477 0.04409 0.04346 0.04288
2.5 2.02 0.07315 0.06958 0.06555 0.06428 0.06295 0.06186 0.06071 0.05875 0.05703 0.05549 0.05411 0.05287 0.05174 0.05072 0.04978 0.04893 0.04812 0.04740 0.04672 0.04609
2.6 2.10 0.07825 0.07445 0.07016 0.06881 0.06739 0.06622 0.06500 0.06291 0.06107 0.05943 0.05797 0.05664 0.05544 0.05435 0.05335 0.05244 0.05158 0.05080 0.05008 0.04941
2.7 2.18 0.08350 0.07946 0.07490 0.07347 0.07196 0.07072 0.06942 0.06720 0.06524 0.06350 0.06194 0.06053 0.05925 0.05809 0.05702 0.05605 0.05514 0.05432 0.05355 0.05284
2.8 2.26 0.08889 0.08461 0.07978 0.07826 0.07666 0.07534 0.07397 0.07161 0.06953 0.06768 0.06603 0.06453 0.06317 0.06194 0.06081 0.05978 0.05881 0.05793 0.05712 0.05636
2.9 2.34 0.09443 0.08990 0.08479 0.08318 0.08148 0.08009 0.07864 0.07614 0.07394 0.07198 0.07023 0.06864 0.06720 0.06590 0.06470 0.06361 0.06258 0.06165 0.06079 0.05998
3.0 2.42 0.10012 0.09533 0.08993 0.08823 0.08644 0.08497 0.08343 0.08079 0.07847 0.07639 0.07454 0.07286 0.07134 0.06997 0.06870 0.06754 0.06645 0.06547 0.06456 0.06371
3.1 2.50 0.10594 0.10090 0.09521 0.09341 0.09152 0.08997 0.08835 0.08556 0.08311 0.08092 0.07897 0.07720 0.07559 0.07414 0.07280 0.07158 0.07043 0.06939 0.06843 0.06753
3.2 2.58 0.11191 0.10660 0.10061 0.09872 0.09673 0.09509 0.09339 0.09046 0.08787 0.08556 0.08351 0.08164 0.07995 0.07842 0.07701 0.07572 0.07451 0.07342 0.07240 0.07146
3.3 2.66 0.11801 0.11244 0.10614 0.10415 0.10206 0.10034 0.09855 0.09547 0.09275 0.09032 0.08816 0.08619 0.08442 0.08281 0.08132 0.07997 0.07869 0.07754 0.07648 0.07548
3.4 2.74 0.12426 0.11841 0.11180 0.10971 0.10752 0.10572 0.10383 0.10060 0.09774 0.09519 0.09292 0.09086 0.08899 0.08730 0.08574 0.08431 0.08297 0.08177 0.08065 0.07960
3.5 2.82 0.13065 0.12452 0.11759 0.11540 0.11310 0.11121 0.10924 0.10584 0.10285 0.10018 0.09779 0.09563 0.09367 0.09190 0.09026 0.08877 0.08736 0.08609 0.08492 0.08382
3.6 2.90 0.13717 0.13076 0.12351 0.12121 0.11881 0.11683 0.11476 0.11121 0.10807 0.10527 0.10278 0.10051 0.09846 0.09660 0.09488 0.09332 0.09184 0.09052 0.08928 0.08813
3.7 2.98 0.14383 0.13713 0.12955 0.12715 0.12464 0.12257 0.12040 0.11669 0.11341 0.11048 0.10787 0.10549 0.10335 0.10140 0.09961 0.09797 0.09643 0.09504 0.09375 0.09254
3.8 3.07 0.15063 0.14363 0.13571 0.13321 0.13059 0.12842 0.12616 0.12228 0.11886 0.11580 0.11307 0.11059 0.10835 0.10631 0.10443 0.10272 0.10111 0.09966 0.09831 0.09705
253
254
5
3.9 3.15 0.15756 0.15026 0.14201 0.13940 0.13666 0.13440 0.13204 0.12799 0.12442 0.12122 0.11837 0.11579 0.11345 0.11132 0.10936 0.10758 0.10589 0.10438 0.10297 0.10165
4.0 3.23 0.16463 0.15703 0.14842 0.14570 0.14285 0.14050 0.13804 0.13381 0.13009 0.12676 0.12379 0.12109 0.11865 0.11644 0.11439 0.11253 0.11078 0.10920 0.10773 0.10635
Appendix G
4.1 3.31 0.17183 0.16392 0.15496 0.15213 0.14916 0.14671 0.14415 0.13975 0.13587 0.13241 0.12931 0.12650 0.12396 0.12165 0.11952 0.11758 0.11575 0.11411 0.11258 0.11115
4.2 3.39 0.17917 0.17094 0.16163 0.15868 0.15559 0.15304 0.15038 0.14580 0.14177 0.13816 0.13494 0.13202 0.12937 0.12697 0.12475 0.12273 0.12083 0.11912 0.11752 0.11604
4.3 3.47 0.18664 0.17809 0.16841 0.16535 0.16214 0.15949 0.15672 0.15197 0.14777 0.14402 0.14068 0.13763 0.13489 0.13239 0.13008 0.12798 0.12600 0.12422 0.12257 0.12102
4.4 3.55 0.19424 0.18536 0.17532 0.17214 0.16880 0.16606 0.16318 0.15824 0.15389 0.14999 0.14652 0.14336 0.14050 0.13791 0.13551 0.13333 0.13127 0.12942 0.12770 0.12609
4.5 3.63 0.20197 0.19277 0.18235 0.17905 0.17559 0.17274 0.16976 0.16463 0.16011 0.15607 0.15246 0.14918 0.14622 0.14353 0.14104 0.13878 0.13664 0.13472 0.13293 0.13126
4.6 3.71 0.20983 0.20030 0.18950 0.18608 0.18249 0.17954 0.17644 0.17113 0.16645 0.16225 0.15851 0.15511 0.15204 0.14925 0.14667 0.14432 0.14210 0.14011 0.13826 0.13652
4.7 3.79 0.21782 0.20795 0.19677 0.19323 0.18951 0.18645 0.18325 0.17774 0.17289 0.16854 0.16467 0.16114 0.15796 0.15506 0.15239 0.14996 0.14766 0.14560 0.14368 0.14188
4.8 3.87 0.22595 0.21573 0.20416 0.20049 0.19664 0.19348 0.19016 0.18446 0.17944 0.17494 0.17092 0.16728 0.16398 0.16098 0.15821 0.15569 0.15332 0.15118 0.14919 0.14733
4.9 3.95 0.23420 0.22363 0.21166 0.20787 0.20389 0.20062 0.19719 0.19129 0.18609 0.18144 0.17729 0.17351 0.17010 0.16700 0.16413 0.16152 0.15907 0.15685 0.15479 0.15287
5.0 4.03 0.24258 0.23166 0.21929 0.21537 0.21126 0.20787 0.20433 0.19823 0.19286 0.18805 0.18375 0.17985 0.17632 0.17311 0.17015 0.16745 0.16491 0.16262 0.16049 0.15850
5.1 4.11 0.25109 0.23981 0.22704 0.22299 0.21874 0.21524 0.21158 0.20528 0.19973 0.19476 0.19032 0.18628 0.18264 0.17932 0.17626 0.17347 0.17085 0.16848 0.16628 0.16422
5.2 4.19 0.25973 0.24809 0.23490 0.23072 0.22634 0.22272 0.21894 0.21244 0.20671 0.20157 0.19699 0.19282 0.18906 0.18563 0.18247 0.17959 0.17688 0.17443 0.17216 0.17003

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5
0.5 0.40 0.00719 0.00687 0.00654 0.00628 0.00601 0.00579 0.00556 0.00519 0.00489 0.00462 0.00440 0.00420 0.00404 0.00388 0.00376 0.00365 0.00354 0.00345 0.00336 0.00330
0.6 0.48 0.00963 0.00921 0.00877 0.00844 0.00808 0.00779 0.00749 0.00701 0.00661 0.00626 0.00596 0.00571 0.00548 0.00528 0.00512 0.00496 0.00482 0.00470 0.00459 0.00450
Appendix G
0.7 0.56 0.01234 0.01182 0.01127 0.01084 0.01039 0.01004 0.00966 0.00905 0.00853 0.00810 0.00772 0.00740 0.00711 0.00685 0.00665 0.00645 0.00627 0.00612 0.00597 0.00586
0.8 0.65 0.01531 0.01468 0.01401 0.01349 0.01294 0.01250 0.01204 0.01130 0.01067 0.01013 0.00966 0.00926 0.00891 0.00860 0.00835 0.00810 0.00788 0.00769 0.00751 0.00737
0.9 0.73 0.01854 0.01778 0.01698 0.01637 0.01572 0.01519 0.01464 0.01375 0.01299 0.01234 0.01178 0.01131 0.01089 0.01051 0.01020 0.00991 0.00964 0.00941 0.00919 0.00903
1.0 0.81 0.02201 0.02113 0.02019 0.01947 0.01871 0.01809 0.01744 0.01640 0.01551 0.01474 0.01408 0.01352 0.01303 0.01258 0.01222 0.01187 0.01155 0.01128 0.01102 0.01083

1.1 0.89 0.02572 0.02471 0.02363 0.02279 0.02191 0.02120 0.02045 0.01924 0.01820 0.01732 0.01655 0.01591 0.01533 0.01481 0.01439 0.01398 0.01361 0.01330 0.01300 0.01277
—
1.2 0.97 0.02967 0.02851 0.02728 0.02633 0.02532 0.02451 0.02365 0.02227 0.02108 0.02007 0.01919 0.01845 0.01779 0.01719 0.01671 0.01624 0.01581 0.01546 0.01511 0.01485
1.3 1.05 0.03385 0.03254 0.03115 0.03007 0.02893 0.02802 0.02704 0.02548 0.02414 0.02299 0.02200 0.02115 0.02040 0.01972 0.01917 0.01864 0.01816 0.01775 0.01735 0.01706
1.4 1.13 0.03824 0.03678 0.03523 0.03402 0.03274 0.03172 0.03063 0.02887 0.02737 0.02608 0.02496 0.02401 0.02317 0.02240 0.02179 0.02119 0.02064 0.02018 0.01973 0.01940
1.5 1.21 0.04286 0.04124 0.03951 0.03817 0.03675 0.03561 0.03440 0.03244 0.03077 0.02933 0.02808 0.02702 0.02608 0.02522 0.02454 0.02387 0.02326 0.02275 0.02225 0.02188
1.6 1.29 0.04769 0.04590 0.04400 0.04252 0.04095 0.03969 0.03835 0.03619 0.03433 0.03275 0.03136 0.03019 0.02914 0.02819 0.02743 0.02669 0.02601 0.02545 0.02489 0.02448
1.7 1.37 0.05274 0.05077 0.04868 0.04706 0.04534 0.04395 0.04248 0.04010 0.03807 0.03632 0.03479 0.03350 0.03235 0.03130 0.03047 0.02965 0.02890 0.02828 0.02766 0.02721
1.8 1.45 0.05799 0.05585 0.05356 0.05179 0.04991 0.04840 0.04679 0.04419 0.04196 0.04005 0.03838 0.03696 0.03570 0.03455 0.03364 0.03274 0.03192 0.03124 0.03056 0.03006
1.9 1.53 0.06344 0.06112 0.05864 0.05671 0.05467 0.05302 0.05127 0.04844 0.04601 0.04393 0.04211 0.04057 0.03919 0.03794 0.03694 0.03596 0.03507 0.03432 0.03358 0.03304
2.0 1.61 0.06910 0.06659 0.06390 0.06182 0.05961 0.05782 0.05593 0.05286 0.05023 0.04797 0.04599 0.04432 0.04283 0.04147 0.04038 0.03932 0.03834 0.03753 0.03673 0.03614
2.1 1.69 0.07496 0.07225 0.06936 0.06711 0.06472 0.06280 0.06075 0.05744 0.05460 0.05216 0.05002 0.04821 0.04660 0.04513 0.04395 0.04280 0.04175 0.04087 0.04000 0.03936

2.2 1.77 0.08102 0.07811 0.07500 0.07259 0.07002 0.06795 0.06575 0.06218 0.05912 0.05650 0.05420 0.05225 0.05050 0.04892 0.04765 0.04641 0.04527 0.04433 0.04339 0.04270
2.3 1.86 0.08727 0.08416 0.08082 0.07824 0.07549 0.07327 0.07091 0.06708 0.06380 0.06098 0.05851 0.05642 0.05455 0.05285 0.05148 0.05015 0.04893 0.04791 0.04690 0.04616
2.4 1.94 0.09372 0.09039 0.08683 0.08407 0.08113 0.07876 0.07623 0.07214 0.06863 0.06561 0.06297 0.06073 0.05873 0.05690 0.05544 0.05402 0.05270 0.05161 0.05053 0.04974
2.5 2.02 0.10036 0.09681 0.09302 0.09008 0.08694 0.08441 0.08172 0.07736 0.07362 0.07039 0.06757 0.06518 0.06304 0.06109 0.05953 0.05801 0.05660 0.05544 0.05428 0.05343
2.6 2.10 0.10718 0.10342 0.09939 0.09626 0.09292 0.09023 0.08737 0.08273 0.07875 0.07531 0.07231 0.06976 0.06748 0.06540 0.06374 0.06212 0.06062 0.05938 0.05815 0.05724
2.7 2.18 0.11420 0.11021 0.10593 0.10261 0.09907 0.09622 0.09318 0.08826 0.08402 0.08038 0.07719 0.07448 0.07205 0.06985 0.06808 0.06635 0.06476 0.06344 0.06213 0.06117
2.8 2.26 0.12140 0.11717 0.11265 0.10914 0.10539 0.10237 0.09915 0.09394 0.08945 0.08559 0.08220 0.07933 0.07676 0.07442 0.07254 0.07071 0.06902 0.06762 0.06623 0.06520
2.9 2.34 0.12878 0.12432 0.11954 0.11583 0.11187 0.10868 0.10528 0.09976 0.09502 0.09093 0.08735 0.08431 0.08159 0.07911 0.07713 0.07519 0.07340 0.07191 0.07044 0.06936
3.0 2.42 0.13635 0.13165 0.12661 0.12269 0.11852 0.11515 0.11157 0.10574 0.10073 0.09642 0.09264 0.08943 0.08655 0.08393 0.08184 0.07978 0.07790 0.07632 0.07477 0.07362
3.1 2.50 0.14410 0.13915 0.13384 0.12973 0.12533 0.12178 0.11800 0.11187 0.10659 0.10205 0.09806 0.09468 0.09164 0.08888 0.08667 0.08450 0.08251 0.08085 0.07921 0.07800
3.2 2.58 0.15203 0.14682 0.14125 0.13692 0.13230 0.12857 0.12460 0.11815 0.11259 0.10781 0.10361 0.10005 0.09685 0.09395 0.09162 0.08934 0.08724 0.08549 0.08376 0.08249
3.3 2.66 0.16013 0.15467 0.14883 0.14428 0.13943 0.13552 0.13134 0.12457 0.11874 0.11371 0.10930 0.10555 0.10219 0.09914 0.09669 0.09429 0.09208 0.09024 0.08843 0.08708
3.4 2.74 0.16841 0.16270 0.15657 0.15181 0.14672 0.14262 0.13824 0.13114 0.12502 0.11974 0.11512 0.11119 0.10766 0.10445 0.10188 0.09936 0.09704 0.09511 0.09320 0.09179
3.5 2.82 0.17687 0.17089 0.16448 0.15949 0.15417 0.14987 0.14529 0.13785 0.13144 0.12591 0.12106 0.11694 0.11325 0.10988 0.10719 0.10455 0.10212 0.10009 0.09809 0.09661
3.6 2.90 0.18551 0.17926 0.17255 0.16734 0.16178 0.15728 0.15249 0.14471 0.13800 0.13222 0.12714 0.12283 0.11896 0.11544 0.11262 0.10985 0.10730 0.10518 0.10309 0.10153
3.7 2.98 0.19431 0.18779 0.18079 0.17535 0.16954 0.16484 0.15984 0.15171 0.14470 0.13865 0.13335 0.12884 0.12480 0.12111 0.11816 0.11527 0.11260 0.11038 0.10819 0.10657
3.8 3.07 0.20329 0.19649 0.18919 0.18352 0.17746 0.17256 0.16734 0.15885 0.15153 0.14522 0.13968 0.13498 0.13075 0.12690 0.12382 0.12080 0.11802 0.11570 0.11340 0.11171
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3.9 3.15 0.21244 0.20536 0.19775 0.19184 0.18553 0.18042 0.17498 0.16613 0.15851 0.15192 0.14615 0.14124 0.13683 0.13281 0.12960 0.12644 0.12354 0.12112 0.11873 0.11696
4.0 3.23 0.22176 0.21439 0.20648 0.20032 0.19375 0.18843 0.18277 0.17356 0.16561 0.15876 0.15274 0.14762 0.14303 0.13884 0.13549 0.13220 0.12917 0.12665 0.12416 0.12231
Appendix G
4.1 3.31 0.23125 0.22359 0.21536 0.20896 0.20213 0.19660 0.19071 0.18112 0.17286 0.16572 0.15946 0.15413 0.14935 0.14499 0.14150 0.13807 0.13492 0.13229 0.12970 0.12777
4.2 3.39 0.24091 0.23295 0.22441 0.21776 0.21066 0.20491 0.19879 0.18882 0.18023 0.17281 0.16630 0.16076 0.15578 0.15125 0.14762 0.14406 0.14078 0.13804 0.13534 0.13334
4.3 3.47 0.25074 0.24248 0.23361 0.22671 0.21933 0.21337 0.20701 0.19667 0.18774 0.18003 0.17327 0.16751 0.16234 0.15763 0.15385 0.15015 0.14674 0.14390 0.14109 0.13901
4.4 3.55 0.26073 0.25216 0.24297 0.23581 0.22816 0.22198 0.21538 0.20465 0.19538 0.18738 0.18036 0.17438 0.16902 0.16412 0.16020 0.15636 0.15282 0.14987 0.14695 0.14479
4.5 3.63 0.27089 0.26201 0.25248 0.24507 0.23714 0.23073 0.22389 0.21276 0.20316 0.19486 0.18758 0.18138 0.17581 0.17073 0.16667 0.16268 0.15900 0.15594 0.15291 0.15067
4.6 3.71 0.28121 0.27202 0.26216 0.25448 0.24627 0.23963 0.23254 0.22101 0.21106 0.20247 0.19492 0.18849 0.18272 0.17746 0.17324 0.16910 0.16529 0.16212 0.15898 0.15665
4.7 3.79 0.29169 0.28219 0.27198 0.26404 0.25554 0.24867 0.24134 0.22940 0.21910 0.21020 0.20238 0.19572 0.18975 0.18430 0.17993 0.17564 0.17169 0.16840 0.16515 0.16274

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0.5 0.40 0.00890 0.00840 0.00788 0.00749 0.00708 0.00678 0.00645 0.00594 0.00552 0.00517 0.00488 0.00462 0.00441 0.00422 0.00406 0.00393 0.00379 0.00369 0.00358 0.00350
0.6 0.48 0.01184 0.01120 0.01052 0.01002 0.00949 0.00909 0.00866 0.00799 0.00744 0.00698 0.00659 0.00626 0.00598 0.00573 0.00552 0.00534 0.00516 0.00503 0.00488 0.00478
Appendix G
0.7 0.56 0.01510 0.01430 0.01345 0.01283 0.01216 0.01166 0.01113 0.01028 0.00958 0.00901 0.00852 0.00810 0.00774 0.00742 0.00715 0.00693 0.00670 0.00653 0.00635 0.00621
0.8 0.65 0.01867 0.01770 0.01666 0.01591 0.01510 0.01448 0.01383 0.01280 0.01195 0.01125 0.01065 0.01013 0.00969 0.00929 0.00897 0.00869 0.00841 0.00820 0.00797 0.00781
0.9 0.73 0.02253 0.02138 0.02015 0.01925 0.01828 0.01755 0.01678 0.01555 0.01453 0.01369 0.01297 0.01234 0.01181 0.01135 0.01095 0.01062 0.01028 0.01003 0.00976 0.00955
1.0 0.81 0.02667 0.02533 0.02389 0.02284 0.02171 0.02086 0.01995 0.01851 0.01732 0.01633 0.01548 0.01474 0.01412 0.01357 0.01310 0.01271 0.01231 0.01202 0.01169 0.01145

1.1 0.89 0.03109 0.02954 0.02789 0.02668 0.02538 0.02440 0.02335 0.02169 0.02030 0.01916 0.01818 0.01732 0.01660 0.01596 0.01542 0.01495 0.01449 0.01415 0.01377 0.01349
—
1.2 0.97 0.03577 0.03402 0.03214 0.03076 0.02928 0.02816 0.02697 0.02506 0.02348 0.02217 0.02105 0.02007 0.01924 0.01851 0.01789 0.01736 0.01683 0.01644 0.01600 0.01568
1.3 1.05 0.04071 0.03874 0.03663 0.03507 0.03340 0.03214 0.03079 0.02864 0.02686 0.02537 0.02410 0.02299 0.02205 0.02122 0.02051 0.01991 0.01931 0.01887 0.01837 0.01800
1.4 1.13 0.04591 0.04371 0.04135 0.03961 0.03775 0.03633 0.03483 0.03242 0.03042 0.02875 0.02733 0.02608 0.02502 0.02408 0.02329 0.02262 0.02194 0.02144 0.02088 0.02047
1.5 1.21 0.05136 0.04893 0.04631 0.04438 0.04231 0.04074 0.03907 0.03639 0.03416 0.03231 0.03072 0.02933 0.02815 0.02711 0.02622 0.02547 0.02471 0.02415 0.02352 0.02307
1.6 1.29 0.05706 0.05438 0.05150 0.04937 0.04709 0.04535 0.04351 0.04055 0.03809 0.03604 0.03429 0.03274 0.03144 0.03028 0.02930 0.02846 0.02762 0.02700 0.02631 0.02580
1.7 1.37 0.06300 0.06006 0.05690 0.05457 0.05207 0.05017 0.04814 0.04490 0.04219 0.03994 0.03801 0.03632 0.03488 0.03360 0.03253 0.03160 0.03068 0.02999 0.02923 0.02867
1.8 1.45 0.06917 0.06597 0.06253 0.05999 0.05727 0.05519 0.05298 0.04944 0.04648 0.04401 0.04190 0.04005 0.03847 0.03707 0.03589 0.03488 0.03387 0.03312 0.03228 0.03166
1.9 1.53 0.07558 0.07211 0.06838 0.06562 0.06266 0.06041 0.05800 0.05415 0.05093 0.04825 0.04595 0.04393 0.04222 0.04069 0.03940 0.03830 0.03719 0.03637 0.03546 0.03479
2.0 1.61 0.08222 0.07848 0.07444 0.07146 0.06826 0.06582 0.06321 0.05905 0.05556 0.05265 0.05016 0.04797 0.04611 0.04445 0.04305 0.04185 0.04065 0.03976 0.03877 0.03804
2.1 1.69 0.08909 0.08506 0.08071 0.07750 0.07405 0.07142 0.06861 0.06412 0.06035 0.05722 0.05452 0.05215 0.05015 0.04835 0.04684 0.04554 0.04425 0.04328 0.04220 0.04142

2.2 1.77 0.09618 0.09186 0.08719 0.08374 0.08004 0.07722 0.07420 0.06937 0.06532 0.06194 0.05904 0.05649 0.05433 0.05240 0.05077 0.04937 0.04797 0.04693 0.04577 0.04492
2.3 1.86 0.10349 0.09887 0.09388 0.09019 0.08622 0.08320 0.07997 0.07479 0.07045 0.06683 0.06372 0.06098 0.05865 0.05658 0.05483 0.05333 0.05182 0.05071 0.04946 0.04854
2.4 1.94 0.11103 0.10609 0.10077 0.09683 0.09260 0.08937 0.08592 0.08038 0.07574 0.07187 0.06854 0.06561 0.06312 0.06090 0.05903 0.05742 0.05581 0.05461 0.05327 0.05229
2.5 2.02 0.11878 0.11353 0.10787 0.10367 0.09916 0.09572 0.09204 0.08615 0.08120 0.07707 0.07352 0.07039 0.06773 0.06536 0.06336 0.06164 0.05992 0.05864 0.05721 0.05616
2.6 2.10 0.12674 0.12117 0.11516 0.11070 0.10592 0.10226 0.09835 0.09208 0.08682 0.08242 0.07864 0.07531 0.07248 0.06996 0.06783 0.06599 0.06416 0.06280 0.06127 0.06015
2.7 2.18 0.13492 0.12902 0.12265 0.11793 0.11285 0.10898 0.10483 0.09818 0.09259 0.08792 0.08391 0.08038 0.07737 0.07469 0.07242 0.07047 0.06852 0.06708 0.06545 0.06427
2.8 2.26 0.14331 0.13707 0.13034 0.12534 0.11998 0.11587 0.11149 0.10444 0.09853 0.09358 0.08933 0.08558 0.08240 0.07955 0.07715 0.07508 0.07301 0.07148 0.06975 0.06849
2.9 2.34 0.15191 0.14533 0.13822 0.13295 0.12728 0.12295 0.11831 0.11087 0.10462 0.09939 0.09490 0.09093 0.08756 0.08455 0.08201 0.07982 0.07763 0.07600 0.07417 0.07284
3.0 2.42 0.16071 0.15378 0.14630 0.14074 0.13477 0.13020 0.12531 0.11746 0.11087 0.10535 0.10060 0.09642 0.09286 0.08968 0.08699 0.08468 0.08236 0.08064 0.07871 0.07731
3.1 2.50 0.16972 0.16244 0.15456 0.14872 0.14243 0.13763 0.13248 0.12422 0.11727 0.11146 0.10646 0.10204 0.09829 0.09493 0.09210 0.08966 0.08722 0.08541 0.08337 0.08189
3.2 2.58 0.17893 0.17128 0.16302 0.15688 0.15027 0.14523 0.13982 0.13113 0.12382 0.11771 0.11245 0.10780 0.10385 0.10032 0.09734 0.09477 0.09220 0.09029 0.08815 0.08658
3.3 2.66 0.18834 0.18033 0.17166 0.16522 0.15829 0.15300 0.14732 0.13820 0.13053 0.12411 0.11858 0.11370 0.10955 0.10584 0.10271 0.10000 0.09730 0.09530 0.09304 0.09139
3.4 2.74 0.19796 0.18957 0.18049 0.17375 0.16649 0.16094 0.15499 0.14543 0.13739 0.13066 0.12486 0.11974 0.11538 0.11149 0.10820 0.10536 0.10252 0.10042 0.09805 0.09632
3.5 2.82 0.20777 0.19900 0.18951 0.18245 0.17486 0.16905 0.16283 0.15282 0.14440 0.13735 0.13127 0.12591 0.12134 0.11726 0.11381 0.11084 0.10786 0.10565 0.10317 0.10136
3.6 2.90 0.21778 0.20862 0.19870 0.19134 0.18340 0.17733 0.17083 0.16037 0.15156 0.14418 0.13783 0.13221 0.12743 0.12316 0.11955 0.11644 0.11332 0.11101 0.10841 0.10651
3.7 2.98 0.22799 0.21843 0.20809 0.20040 0.19212 0.18578 0.17899 0.16806 0.15886 0.15116 0.14452 0.13865 0.13365 0.12919 0.12541 0.12216 0.11890 0.11648 0.11376 0.11177
3.8 3.07 0.23839 0.22843 0.21765 0.20963 0.20100 0.19440 0.18731 0.17592 0.16632 0.15827 0.15134 0.14522 0.14000 0.13534 0.13140 0.12799 0.12459 0.12206 0.11922 0.11714
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3.9 3.15 0.24898 0.23862 0.22739 0.21905 0.21006 0.20318 0.19580 0.18392 0.17392 0.16553 0.15831 0.15192 0.14648 0.14161 0.13750 0.13395 0.13040 0.12776 0.12480 0.12263
4.0 3.23 0.25977 0.24899 0.23732 0.22864 0.21928 0.21212 0.20444 0.19208 0.18167 0.17293 0.16541 0.15875 0.15308 0.14801 0.14373 0.14003 0.13633 0.13358 0.13049 0.12823
Appendix G
4.1 3.31 0.27074 0.25955 0.24742 0.23840 0.22867 0.22123 0.21324 0.20039 0.18956 0.18047 0.17264 0.16571 0.15982 0.15454 0.15008 0.14622 0.14237 0.13951 0.13629 0.13393
4.2 3.39 0.28191 0.27029 0.25770 0.24833 0.23823 0.23050 0.22221 0.20885 0.19759 0.18815 0.18001 0.17281 0.16667 0.16118 0.15654 0.15254 0.14853 0.14555 0.14220 0.13975
4.3 3.47 0.29327 0.28121 0.26815 0.25843 0.24796 0.23993 0.23132 0.21746 0.20577 0.19596 0.18751 0.18003 0.17365 0.16795 0.16313 0.15897 0.15480 0.15170 0.14822 0.14568
4.4 3.55 0.30481 0.29232 0.27878 0.26871 0.25785 0.24953 0.24060 0.22622 0.21409 0.20392 0.19514 0.18738 0.18076 0.17484 0.16983 0.16551 0.16119 0.15797 0.15435 0.15171
4.5 3.63 0.31654 0.30361 0.28959 0.27915 0.26790 0.25928 0.25003 0.23513 0.22256 0.21201 0.20291 0.19485 0.18799 0.18185 0.17666 0.17217 0.16768 0.16435 0.16059 0.15785
4.6 3.71 0.32845 0.31507 0.30056 0.28976 0.27812 0.26919 0.25961 0.24418 0.23116 0.22023 0.21080 0.20246 0.19535 0.18898 0.18360 0.17895 0.17430 0.17084 0.16694 0.16410
4.7 3.79 0.29169 0.28219 0.27198 0.26404 0.25554 0.24867 0.24134 0.22940 0.21910 0.21020 0.20238 0.19572 0.18975 0.18430 0.17993 0.17564 0.17169 0.16840 0.16515 0.16274

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5
0.5 0.40 0.01058 0.00995 0.00928 0.00878 0.00826 0.00786 0.00745 0.00680 0.00626 0.00582 0.00545 0.00514 0.00487 0.00464 0.00444 0.00427 0.00411 0.00397 0.00385 0.00374
0.6 0.48 0.01402 0.01320 0.01233 0.01169 0.01101 0.01050 0.00996 0.00911 0.00841 0.00784 0.00735 0.00694 0.00659 0.00628 0.00602 0.00579 0.00558 0.00539 0.00524 0.00509
Appendix G
0.7 0.56 0.01781 0.01679 0.01571 0.01491 0.01407 0.01343 0.01275 0.01169 0.01081 0.01009 0.00948 0.00896 0.00852 0.00813 0.00779 0.00750 0.00723 0.00700 0.00680 0.00661
0.8 0.65 0.02194 0.02071 0.01940 0.01844 0.01741 0.01664 0.01582 0.01452 0.01346 0.01257 0.01182 0.01119 0.01064 0.01017 0.00975 0.00940 0.00907 0.00877 0.00853 0.00830
0.9 0.73 0.02640 0.02495 0.02340 0.02225 0.02104 0.02012 0.01914 0.01760 0.01633 0.01527 0.01438 0.01362 0.01296 0.01239 0.01190 0.01147 0.01107 0.01072 0.01043 0.01015
1.0 0.81 0.03118 0.02949 0.02768 0.02635 0.02493 0.02386 0.02272 0.02092 0.01942 0.01818 0.01714 0.01624 0.01547 0.01480 0.01422 0.01371 0.01324 0.01283 0.01249 0.01215

1.1 0.89 0.03626 0.03432 0.03225 0.03072 0.02909 0.02785 0.02654 0.02446 0.02274 0.02130 0.02010 0.01906 0.01817 0.01739 0.01671 0.01612 0.01558 0.01509 0.01470 0.01431
—
1.2 0.97 0.04164 0.03944 0.03709 0.03535 0.03350 0.03209 0.03060 0.02823 0.02627 0.02463 0.02325 0.02206 0.02104 0.02015 0.01937 0.01870 0.01808 0.01752 0.01706 0.01662
1.3 1.05 0.04731 0.04484 0.04220 0.04025 0.03816 0.03657 0.03489 0.03222 0.03000 0.02815 0.02659 0.02525 0.02409 0.02308 0.02220 0.02143 0.02073 0.02009 0.01958 0.01907
1.4 1.13 0.05327 0.05052 0.04758 0.04539 0.04306 0.04129 0.03941 0.03643 0.03394 0.03187 0.03012 0.02861 0.02731 0.02617 0.02519 0.02433 0.02353 0.02282 0.02224 0.02167
1.5 1.21 0.05950 0.05646 0.05320 0.05079 0.04820 0.04624 0.04415 0.04084 0.03809 0.03578 0.03383 0.03215 0.03070 0.02944 0.02834 0.02738 0.02649 0.02570 0.02505 0.02441
1.6 1.29 0.06601 0.06267 0.05908 0.05642 0.05358 0.05142 0.04912 0.04547 0.04242 0.03988 0.03772 0.03587 0.03426 0.03286 0.03164 0.03058 0.02960 0.02872 0.02800 0.02729
1.7 1.37 0.07278 0.06913 0.06521 0.06230 0.05919 0.05682 0.05430 0.05030 0.04696 0.04416 0.04179 0.03975 0.03799 0.03645 0.03511 0.03393 0.03285 0.03188 0.03109 0.03031
1.8 1.45 0.07982 0.07585 0.07158 0.06842 0.06502 0.06244 0.05969 0.05533 0.05168 0.04862 0.04603 0.04380 0.04188 0.04019 0.03872 0.03744 0.03625 0.03519 0.03432 0.03347
1.9 1.53 0.08712 0.08282 0.07820 0.07476 0.07108 0.06828 0.06530 0.06055 0.05659 0.05327 0.05045 0.04802 0.04592 0.04408 0.04248 0.04109 0.03979 0.03863 0.03768 0.03676
2.0 1.61 0.09467 0.09003 0.08504 0.08133 0.07736 0.07434 0.07111 0.06598 0.06169 0.05809 0.05504 0.05241 0.05013 0.04813 0.04640 0.04488 0.04348 0.04222 0.04119 0.04018
2.1 1.69 0.10248 0.09749 0.09213 0.08813 0.08385 0.08060 0.07712 0.07159 0.06697 0.06308 0.05979 0.05695 0.05449 0.05234 0.05046 0.04882 0.04730 0.04594 0.04482 0.04373

2.2 1.77 0.11053 0.10519 0.09944 0.09516 0.09056 0.08707 0.08334 0.07740 0.07243 0.06825 0.06471 0.06166 0.05901 0.05669 0.05467 0.05290 0.05126 0.04980 0.04859 0.04742
2.3 1.86 0.11883 0.11312 0.10698 0.10240 0.09749 0.09375 0.08976 0.08340 0.07807 0.07360 0.06980 0.06652 0.06368 0.06119 0.05902 0.05712 0.05536 0.05379 0.05249 0.05123
2.4 1.94 0.12737 0.12129 0.11474 0.10986 0.10462 0.10064 0.09637 0.08958 0.08389 0.07911 0.07505 0.07154 0.06850 0.06583 0.06351 0.06148 0.05960 0.05791 0.05653 0.05517
2.5 2.02 0.13616 0.12969 0.12273 0.11754 0.11196 0.10772 0.10318 0.09595 0.08989 0.08479 0.08046 0.07672 0.07348 0.07063 0.06815 0.06598 0.06397 0.06217 0.06069 0.05924
2.6 2.10 0.14518 0.13832 0.13093 0.12543 0.11951 0.11500 0.11018 0.10250 0.09605 0.09063 0.08603 0.08205 0.07860 0.07556 0.07293 0.07061 0.06847 0.06655 0.06498 0.06344
2.7 2.18 0.15443 0.14718 0.13936 0.13353 0.12726 0.12249 0.11738 0.10923 0.10240 0.09664 0.09175 0.08753 0.08387 0.08065 0.07784 0.07538 0.07311 0.07107 0.06939 0.06776
2.8 2.26 0.16392 0.15626 0.14800 0.14183 0.13521 0.13016 0.12476 0.11614 0.10891 0.10282 0.09764 0.09316 0.08928 0.08587 0.08290 0.08029 0.07788 0.07571 0.07393 0.07220
2.9 2.34 0.17364 0.16556 0.15685 0.15035 0.14336 0.13804 0.13233 0.12323 0.11559 0.10915 0.10368 0.09895 0.09484 0.09123 0.08809 0.08533 0.08278 0.08048 0.07860 0.07676
3.0 2.42 0.18358 0.17509 0.16592 0.15907 0.15171 0.14610 0.14009 0.13050 0.12244 0.11565 0.10988 0.10488 0.10055 0.09673 0.09341 0.09050 0.08781 0.08538 0.08339 0.08145
3.1 2.50 0.19376 0.18483 0.17519 0.16800 0.16025 0.15436 0.14803 0.13794 0.12946 0.12231 0.11623 0.11096 0.10640 0.10238 0.09888 0.09581 0.09296 0.09040 0.08831 0.08626
3.2 2.58 0.20416 0.19479 0.18468 0.17712 0.16899 0.16280 0.15616 0.14556 0.13664 0.12912 0.12273 0.11719 0.11239 0.10816 0.10447 0.10124 0.09825 0.09555 0.09335 0.09119
3.3 2.66 0.21478 0.20496 0.19437 0.18645 0.17793 0.17143 0.16447 0.15334 0.14399 0.13610 0.12938 0.12357 0.11852 0.11407 0.11020 0.10680 0.10366 0.10083 0.09851 0.09624
3.4 2.74 0.22562 0.21535 0.20426 0.19597 0.18705 0.18025 0.17296 0.16130 0.15150 0.14323 0.13618 0.13008 0.12479 0.12013 0.11606 0.11250 0.10920 0.10622 0.10379 0.10140
3.5 2.82 0.23668 0.22595 0.21436 0.20570 0.19637 0.18926 0.18163 0.16943 0.15917 0.15051 0.14314 0.13675 0.13120 0.12632 0.12206 0.11832 0.11486 0.11174 0.10919 0.10669
3.6 2.90 0.24795 0.23676 0.22466 0.21562 0.20587 0.19845 0.19047 0.17773 0.16700 0.15795 0.15024 0.14355 0.13775 0.13264 0.12818 0.12427 0.12065 0.11738 0.11471 0.11209
3.7 2.98 0.25945 0.24778 0.23516 0.22573 0.21557 0.20782 0.19950 0.18620 0.17500 0.16554 0.15748 0.15050 0.14444 0.13909 0.13444 0.13035 0.12656 0.12315 0.12035 0.11761
3.8 3.07 0.27115 0.25900 0.24586 0.23603 0.22545 0.21737 0.20870 0.19483 0.18315 0.17328 0.16488 0.15759 0.15126 0.14568 0.14082 0.13655 0.13259 0.12903 0.12611 0.12325
259
260
5
3.9 3.15 0.28307 0.27043 0.25676 0.24653 0.23551 0.22710 0.21807 0.20363 0.19146 0.18118 0.17242 0.16482 0.15822 0.15241 0.14733 0.14288 0.13875 0.13503 0.13198 0.12900
4.0 3.23 0.29520 0.28207 0.26786 0.25722 0.24576 0.23701 0.22762 0.21259 0.19992 0.18922 0.18010 0.17219 0.16532 0.15926 0.15397 0.14933 0.14503 0.14116 0.13798 0.13487
Appendix G
4.1 3.31 0.30755 0.29391 0.27915 0.26810 0.25619 0.24710 0.23734 0.22172 0.20855 0.19742 0.18793 0.17970 0.17255 0.16624 0.16074 0.15591 0.15143 0.14740 0.14409 0.14085
4.2 3.39 0.32010 0.30595 0.29063 0.27917 0.26680 0.25737 0.24723 0.23101 0.21733 0.20576 0.19590 0.18735 0.17991 0.17335 0.16763 0.16261 0.15795 0.15376 0.15031 0.14695
4.3 3.47 0.33285 0.31819 0.30231 0.29042 0.27760 0.26781 0.25729 0.24046 0.22626 0.21426 0.20401 0.19513 0.18741 0.18060 0.17465 0.16943 0.16460 0.16023 0.15666 0.15316
4.4 3.55 0.34582 0.33063 0.31418 0.30186 0.28857 0.27843 0.26753 0.25007 0.23535 0.22290 0.21227 0.20305 0.19504 0.18797 0.18180 0.17638 0.17136 0.16683 0.16311 0.15948

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0.5 0.55 0.00393 0.00370 0.00344 0.00336 0.00328 0.00321 0.00314 0.00302 0.00291 0.00282 0.00274 0.00266 0.00259 0.00253 0.00248 0.00243 0.00238 0.00234 0.00230 0.00226
0.6 0.66 0.00532 0.00502 0.00468 0.00457 0.00446 0.00437 0.00427 0.00411 0.00397 0.00385 0.00374 0.00364 0.00355 0.00347 0.00339 0.00332 0.00326 0.00320 0.00315 0.00310
Appendix G
0.7 0.77 0.00688 0.00650 0.00606 0.00593 0.00579 0.00567 0.00555 0.00535 0.00517 0.00501 0.00487 0.00474 0.00462 0.00452 0.00442 0.00434 0.00426 0.00418 0.00412 0.00405
0.8 0.88 0.00861 0.00813 0.00760 0.00744 0.00726 0.00712 0.00697 0.00672 0.00650 0.00630 0.00612 0.00597 0.00582 0.00570 0.00558 0.00547 0.00537 0.00528 0.00519 0.00511
0.9 0.99 0.01050 0.00993 0.00929 0.00909 0.00888 0.00871 0.00853 0.00822 0.00795 0.00772 0.00750 0.00731 0.00714 0.00699 0.00684 0.00671 0.00659 0.00648 0.00638 0.00628
1.0 1.10 0.01254 0.01187 0.01111 0.01088 0.01063 0.01043 0.01022 0.00985 0.00954 0.00925 0.00900 0.00878 0.00857 0.00839 0.00822 0.00806 0.00792 0.00779 0.00767 0.00755

1.1 1.21 0.01473 0.01395 0.01308 0.01280 0.01251 0.01228 0.01203 0.01161 0.01124 0.01091 0.01062 0.01036 0.01012 0.00990 0.00970 0.00952 0.00935 0.00920 0.00906 0.00893
—
1.2 1.32 0.01707 0.01618 0.01517 0.01486 0.01453 0.01426 0.01397 0.01349 0.01307 0.01269 0.01235 0.01205 0.01177 0.01152 0.01130 0.01109 0.01089 0.01072 0.01055 0.01040
1.3 1.43 0.01956 0.01854 0.01740 0.01704 0.01667 0.01636 0.01604 0.01549 0.01501 0.01458 0.01419 0.01385 0.01354 0.01325 0.01299 0.01276 0.01253 0.01233 0.01215 0.01197
1.4 1.54 0.02218 0.02104 0.01976 0.01936 0.01894 0.01859 0.01823 0.01761 0.01706 0.01658 0.01615 0.01576 0.01541 0.01509 0.01479 0.01452 0.01427 0.01405 0.01384 0.01364
1.5 1.65 0.02495 0.02368 0.02225 0.02180 0.02133 0.02094 0.02054 0.01984 0.01924 0.01869 0.01821 0.01777 0.01738 0.01702 0.01669 0.01639 0.01611 0.01586 0.01562 0.01540
1.6 1.76 0.02786 0.02645 0.02486 0.02436 0.02384 0.02341 0.02296 0.02219 0.02152 0.02092 0.02038 0.01990 0.01946 0.01906 0.01869 0.01836 0.01805 0.01777 0.01751 0.01726
1.7 1.87 0.03090 0.02934 0.02760 0.02705 0.02647 0.02600 0.02550 0.02466 0.02391 0.02325 0.02266 0.02212 0.02164 0.02120 0.02079 0.02043 0.02008 0.01977 0.01948 0.01921
1.8 1.98 0.03407 0.03237 0.03046 0.02985 0.02922 0.02870 0.02816 0.02723 0.02642 0.02569 0.02504 0.02445 0.02392 0.02344 0.02299 0.02259 0.02221 0.02187 0.02155 0.02125
1.9 2.09 0.03737 0.03552 0.03344 0.03278 0.03209 0.03152 0.03093 0.02992 0.02903 0.02823 0.02752 0.02688 0.02630 0.02577 0.02529 0.02485 0.02443 0.02406 0.02371 0.02338
2.0 2.20 0.04081 0.03880 0.03654 0.03582 0.03507 0.03446 0.03382 0.03271 0.03174 0.03088 0.03011 0.02941 0.02878 0.02821 0.02768 0.02720 0.02674 0.02634 0.02596 0.02561
2.1 2.31 0.04437 0.04220 0.03975 0.03898 0.03817 0.03751 0.03681 0.03562 0.03457 0.03363 0.03280 0.03204 0.03135 0.03073 0.03016 0.02964 0.02915 0.02871 0.02830 0.02792

2.2 2.43 0.04807 0.04573 0.04309 0.04225 0.04138 0.04066 0.03991 0.03863 0.03750 0.03648 0.03558 0.03477 0.03403 0.03336 0.03274 0.03218 0.03165 0.03117 0.03073 0.03032
2.3 2.54 0.05188 0.04937 0.04654 0.04564 0.04470 0.04393 0.04313 0.04174 0.04053 0.03944 0.03847 0.03759 0.03680 0.03608 0.03541 0.03481 0.03424 0.03373 0.03325 0.03280
2.4 2.65 0.05583 0.05314 0.05010 0.04914 0.04814 0.04731 0.04645 0.04497 0.04366 0.04250 0.04146 0.04051 0.03966 0.03889 0.03818 0.03753 0.03692 0.03637 0.03586 0.03538
2.5 2.76 0.05989 0.05702 0.05378 0.05276 0.05168 0.05080 0.04988 0.04829 0.04690 0.04565 0.04454 0.04353 0.04262 0.04180 0.04103 0.04034 0.03968 0.03910 0.03855 0.03804
2.6 2.87 0.06408 0.06102 0.05757 0.05648 0.05534 0.05439 0.05341 0.05172 0.05023 0.04891 0.04772 0.04665 0.04567 0.04479 0.04398 0.04324 0.04254 0.04191 0.04133 0.04078
2.7 2.98 0.06839 0.06514 0.06147 0.06031 0.05910 0.05810 0.05705 0.05525 0.05367 0.05226 0.05100 0.04985 0.04882 0.04788 0.04702 0.04623 0.04548 0.04482 0.04419 0.04361
2.8 3.09 0.07283 0.06938 0.06549 0.06426 0.06297 0.06190 0.06079 0.05889 0.05721 0.05571 0.05437 0.05316 0.05206 0.05106 0.05014 0.04930 0.04852 0.04781 0.04714 0.04653
2.9 3.20 0.07738 0.07373 0.06961 0.06831 0.06694 0.06582 0.06464 0.06262 0.06085 0.05926 0.05784 0.05655 0.05539 0.05433 0.05336 0.05247 0.05163 0.05088 0.05018 0.04953
3.0 3.31 0.08205 0.07820 0.07384 0.07247 0.07102 0.06983 0.06859 0.06646 0.06458 0.06290 0.06140 0.06004 0.05881 0.05769 0.05666 0.05572 0.05484 0.05404 0.05330 0.05261
3.1 3.42 0.08683 0.08277 0.07818 0.07673 0.07521 0.07396 0.07265 0.07040 0.06841 0.06664 0.06506 0.06362 0.06232 0.06114 0.06005 0.05906 0.05813 0.05729 0.05650 0.05577
3.2 3.53 0.09174 0.08747 0.08263 0.08110 0.07950 0.07818 0.07680 0.07443 0.07234 0.07047 0.06880 0.06729 0.06592 0.06468 0.06353 0.06248 0.06150 0.06061 0.05979 0.05902
3.3 3.64 0.09676 0.09227 0.08719 0.08558 0.08390 0.08251 0.08106 0.07856 0.07636 0.07440 0.07264 0.07105 0.06961 0.06830 0.06709 0.06600 0.06496 0.06403 0.06316 0.06235
3.4 3.75 0.10190 0.09718 0.09185 0.09016 0.08839 0.08694 0.08541 0.08279 0.08048 0.07842 0.07658 0.07490 0.07339 0.07202 0.07075 0.06959 0.06850 0.06752 0.06661 0.06576
3.5 3.86 0.10715 0.10221 0.09662 0.09485 0.09299 0.09147 0.08987 0.08712 0.08470 0.08253 0.08060 0.07884 0.07726 0.07582 0.07448 0.07327 0.07213 0.07110 0.07014 0.06925
3.6 3.97 0.11252 0.10734 0.10149 0.09964 0.09770 0.09610 0.09442 0.09155 0.08901 0.08674 0.08472 0.08288 0.08121 0.07970 0.07831 0.07704 0.07584 0.07476 0.07376 0.07282
3.7 4.08 0.11799 0.11259 0.10647 0.10453 0.10250 0.10083 0.09908 0.09607 0.09341 0.09104 0.08892 0.08700 0.08526 0.08368 0.08221 0.08089 0.07963 0.07850 0.07745 0.07647
261
262
3
3.8 4.19 0.12359 0.11794 0.11155 0.10953 0.10741 0.10566 0.10383 0.10069 0.09791 0.09543 0.09322 0.09121 0.08939 0.08773 0.08621 0.08482 0.08351 0.08233 0.08123 0.08020
3.9 4.30 0.12929 0.12340 0.11674 0.11463 0.11241 0.11059 0.10868 0.10540 0.10250 0.09991 0.09760 0.09550 0.09360 0.09188 0.09028 0.08883 0.08746 0.08623 0.08509 0.08401
Appendix G
4.0 4.41 0.13511 0.12897 0.12203 0.11983 0.11752 0.11562 0.11363 0.11021 0.10719 0.10449 0.10208 0.09989 0.09791 0.09611 0.09444 0.09293 0.09150 0.09022 0.08902 0.08790
4.1 4.52 0.14103 0.13465 0.12742 0.12513 0.12272 0.12074 0.11867 0.11511 0.11196 0.10915 0.10664 0.10436 0.10230 0.10042 0.09869 0.09711 0.09562 0.09429 0.09304 0.09187
4.2 4.63 0.14707 0.14043 0.13291 0.13053 0.12803 0.12596 0.12381 0.12010 0.11683 0.11391 0.11129 0.10892 0.10677 0.10482 0.10302 0.10137 0.09983 0.09843 0.09713 0.09592
4.3 4.74 0.15322 0.14632 0.13850 0.13603 0.13343 0.13129 0.12904 0.12519 0.12179 0.11875 0.11603 0.11356 0.11133 0.10930 0.10743 0.10572 0.10411 0.10266 0.10131 0.10005
4.4 4.85 0.15947 0.15231 0.14420 0.14163 0.13893 0.13670 0.13438 0.13038 0.12684 0.12368 0.12086 0.11829 0.11597 0.11387 0.11192 0.11014 0.10847 0.10696 0.10556 0.10425
4.5 4.96 0.16584 0.15841 0.14999 0.14733 0.14452 0.14222 0.13980 0.13565 0.13198 0.12870 0.12578 0.12311 0.12070 0.11852 0.11649 0.11465 0.11291 0.11135 0.10989 0.10853
4.6 5.07 0.17231 0.16462 0.15589 0.15312 0.15022 0.14783 0.14532 0.14102 0.13722 0.13381 0.13078 0.12801 0.12552 0.12325 0.12115 0.11924 0.11744 0.11581 0.11430 0.11289
4.7 5.18 0.17890 0.17092 0.16188 0.15902 0.15601 0.15353 0.15094 0.14648 0.14254 0.13901 0.13587 0.13300 0.13041 0.12806 0.12589 0.12391 0.12204 0.12036 0.11879 0.11733
4.8 5.29 0.18558 0.17733 0.16798 0.16501 0.16190 0.15933 0.15664 0.15203 0.14795 0.14430 0.14104 0.13807 0.13539 0.13296 0.13070 0.12865 0.12672 0.12498 0.12336 0.12184
4.9 5.40 0.19238 0.18385 0.17417 0.17110 0.16788 0.16523 0.16245 0.15767 0.15345 0.14967 0.14630 0.14323 0.14046 0.13794 0.13560 0.13348 0.13148 0.12968 0.12800 0.12643
5.0 5.51 0.19928 0.19046 0.18046 0.17729 0.17396 0.17121 0.16834 0.16340 0.15904 0.15513 0.15165 0.14847 0.14560 0.14300 0.14058 0.13839 0.13632 0.13445 0.13272 0.13109
5.1 5.62 0.20629 0.19718 0.18685 0.18357 0.18013 0.17730 0.17433 0.16923 0.16472 0.16068 0.15708 0.15380 0.15083 0.14814 0.14564 0.14337 0.14123 0.13931 0.13751 0.13584
5.2 5.73 0.21340 0.20400 0.19334 0.18995 0.18640 0.18347 0.18041 0.17514 0.17048 0.16631 0.16259 0.15921 0.15614 0.15336 0.15078 0.14844 0.14623 0.14424 0.14239 0.14065
5.3 5.84 0.22062 0.21092 0.19992 0.19643 0.19276 0.18974 0.18658 0.18114 0.17634 0.17203 0.16819 0.16470 0.16154 0.15866 0.15600 0.15358 0.15130 0.14925 0.14733 0.14555
5.4 5.95 0.22795 0.21795 0.20660 0.20300 0.19922 0.19611 0.19284 0.18723 0.18228 0.17784 0.17388 0.17027 0.16701 0.16405 0.16130 0.15881 0.15645 0.15433 0.15236 0.15051
5.5 6.06 0.23538 0.22507 0.21338 0.20967 0.20577 0.20256 0.19920 0.19342 0.18831 0.18373 0.17965 0.17593 0.17257 0.16951 0.16668 0.16411 0.16168 0.15949 0.15746 0.15556
5.6 6.17 0.24291 0.23230 0.22025 0.21643 0.21242 0.20911 0.20564 0.19969 0.19442 0.18971 0.18550 0.18167 0.17820 0.17505 0.17214 0.16949 0.16699 0.16473 0.16263 0.16067
5.7 6.28 0.25054 0.23962 0.22722 0.22329 0.21915 0.21575 0.21218 0.20605 0.20063 0.19577 0.19144 0.18749 0.18392 0.18068 0.17768 0.17495 0.17237 0.17005 0.16789 0.16587
5.8 6.39 0.25828 0.24704 0.23428 0.23024 0.22598 0.22248 0.21881 0.21250 0.20692 0.20192 0.19746 0.19339 0.18972 0.18638 0.18329 0.18048 0.17783 0.17544 0.17321 0.17113
5.9 6.50 0.26613 0.25457 0.24144 0.23728 0.23291 0.22930 0.22553 0.21903 0.21329 0.20815 0.20356 0.19938 0.19560 0.19216 0.18899 0.18609 0.18336 0.18090 0.17861 0.17647

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0.5 0.55 0.00578 0.00553 0.00526 0.00506 0.00485 0.00467 0.00449 0.00420 0.00396 0.00375 0.00357 0.00342 0.00328 0.00316 0.00307 0.00297 0.00289 0.00282 0.00275 0.00269
0.6 0.66 0.00775 0.00742 0.00707 0.00681 0.00653 0.00630 0.00606 0.00568 0.00536 0.00508 0.00485 0.00464 0.00447 0.00430 0.00418 0.00405 0.00394 0.00384 0.00375 0.00368
Appendix G
0.7 0.77 0.00994 0.00953 0.00910 0.00876 0.00841 0.00812 0.00782 0.00734 0.00693 0.00658 0.00628 0.00603 0.00580 0.00559 0.00543 0.00527 0.00512 0.00500 0.00488 0.00480
0.8 0.88 0.01235 0.01185 0.01132 0.01091 0.01048 0.01013 0.00977 0.00917 0.00867 0.00824 0.00787 0.00755 0.00727 0.00702 0.00682 0.00662 0.00644 0.00629 0.00615 0.00604
0.9 0.99 0.01497 0.01438 0.01374 0.01325 0.01274 0.01232 0.01188 0.01117 0.01057 0.01006 0.00961 0.00923 0.00889 0.00859 0.00834 0.00811 0.00789 0.00771 0.00753 0.00740
1.0 1.10 0.01779 0.01709 0.01635 0.01578 0.01517 0.01469 0.01417 0.01334 0.01263 0.01202 0.01149 0.01104 0.01064 0.01028 0.01000 0.00972 0.00946 0.00925 0.00904 0.00888

1.1 1.21 0.02081 0.02000 0.01915 0.01849 0.01778 0.01722 0.01662 0.01566 0.01483 0.01413 0.01351 0.01299 0.01253 0.01211 0.01178 0.01145 0.01115 0.01090 0.01066 0.01048
—
1.2 1.32 0.02402 0.02310 0.02212 0.02137 0.02056 0.01992 0.01924 0.01813 0.01719 0.01638 0.01568 0.01508 0.01455 0.01407 0.01368 0.01331 0.01296 0.01268 0.01239 0.01219
1.3 1.43 0.02741 0.02638 0.02527 0.02442 0.02351 0.02278 0.02201 0.02076 0.01969 0.01877 0.01797 0.01730 0.01669 0.01615 0.01571 0.01528 0.01489 0.01456 0.01424 0.01401
1.4 1.54 0.03099 0.02983 0.02860 0.02764 0.02662 0.02581 0.02494 0.02353 0.02233 0.02130 0.02040 0.01964 0.01896 0.01835 0.01785 0.01737 0.01693 0.01656 0.01620 0.01593
1.5 1.65 0.03475 0.03346 0.03209 0.03103 0.02990 0.02898 0.02802 0.02646 0.02512 0.02397 0.02296 0.02212 0.02136 0.02067 0.02012 0.01958 0.01909 0.01868 0.01827 0.01797
1.6 1.76 0.03869 0.03727 0.03575 0.03457 0.03333 0.03232 0.03125 0.02952 0.02804 0.02677 0.02566 0.02471 0.02387 0.02311 0.02250 0.02190 0.02135 0.02090 0.02045 0.02012
1.7 1.87 0.04280 0.04124 0.03957 0.03828 0.03691 0.03580 0.03463 0.03273 0.03110 0.02970 0.02847 0.02744 0.02651 0.02567 0.02499 0.02433 0.02373 0.02323 0.02273 0.02236
1.8 1.98 0.04708 0.04538 0.04356 0.04215 0.04065 0.03944 0.03815 0.03607 0.03429 0.03276 0.03142 0.03028 0.02926 0.02834 0.02760 0.02688 0.02621 0.02566 0.02512 0.02472
1.9 2.09 0.05153 0.04968 0.04770 0.04617 0.04454 0.04322 0.04182 0.03956 0.03761 0.03594 0.03448 0.03324 0.03213 0.03113 0.03032 0.02953 0.02881 0.02820 0.02761 0.02717
2.0 2.20 0.05615 0.05415 0.05200 0.05034 0.04858 0.04715 0.04564 0.04318 0.04107 0.03926 0.03767 0.03633 0.03512 0.03403 0.03315 0.03229 0.03151 0.03085 0.03020 0.02973
2.1 2.31 0.06093 0.05877 0.05646 0.05467 0.05276 0.05122 0.04959 0.04693 0.04466 0.04270 0.04098 0.03953 0.03822 0.03704 0.03609 0.03516 0.03431 0.03360 0.03290 0.03238

2.2 2.43 0.06587 0.06355 0.06107 0.05915 0.05709 0.05544 0.05368 0.05082 0.04837 0.04626 0.04441 0.04284 0.04144 0.04016 0.03914 0.03814 0.03722 0.03645 0.03570 0.03514
2.3 2.54 0.07098 0.06849 0.06583 0.06377 0.06157 0.05980 0.05791 0.05484 0.05221 0.04994 0.04796 0.04627 0.04476 0.04339 0.04229 0.04122 0.04023 0.03940 0.03859 0.03799
2.4 2.65 0.07624 0.07359 0.07075 0.06854 0.06619 0.06429 0.06227 0.05899 0.05618 0.05375 0.05162 0.04982 0.04820 0.04673 0.04555 0.04440 0.04334 0.04246 0.04159 0.04094
2.5 2.76 0.08166 0.07884 0.07581 0.07346 0.07095 0.06892 0.06677 0.06327 0.06027 0.05767 0.05540 0.05348 0.05175 0.05018 0.04892 0.04769 0.04655 0.04561 0.04468 0.04399
2.6 2.87 0.08724 0.08424 0.08102 0.07852 0.07585 0.07370 0.07140 0.06768 0.06448 0.06172 0.05930 0.05725 0.05541 0.05373 0.05239 0.05108 0.04987 0.04886 0.04787 0.04713
2.7 2.98 0.09297 0.08979 0.08637 0.08372 0.08089 0.07860 0.07617 0.07222 0.06881 0.06588 0.06331 0.06113 0.05917 0.05739 0.05597 0.05457 0.05328 0.05221 0.05115 0.05037
2.8 3.09 0.09886 0.09548 0.09187 0.08906 0.08606 0.08364 0.08106 0.07688 0.07327 0.07016 0.06744 0.06512 0.06305 0.06116 0.05964 0.05816 0.05680 0.05566 0.05454 0.05371
2.9 3.20 0.10489 0.10133 0.09751 0.09454 0.09138 0.08882 0.08609 0.08166 0.07785 0.07456 0.07168 0.06923 0.06703 0.06503 0.06342 0.06185 0.06041 0.05920 0.05801 0.05713
3.0 3.31 0.11108 0.10732 0.10330 0.10017 0.09682 0.09412 0.09125 0.08657 0.08254 0.07907 0.07603 0.07344 0.07111 0.06900 0.06731 0.06565 0.06412 0.06284 0.06159 0.06065
3.1 3.42 0.11742 0.11346 0.10922 0.10593 0.10241 0.09956 0.09653 0.09160 0.08736 0.08370 0.08049 0.07776 0.07531 0.07308 0.07129 0.06954 0.06792 0.06658 0.06525 0.06427
3.2 3.53 0.12390 0.11975 0.11529 0.11182 0.10812 0.10513 0.10194 0.09676 0.09229 0.08844 0.08506 0.08218 0.07960 0.07725 0.07537 0.07352 0.07183 0.07041 0.06901 0.06797
3.3 3.64 0.13053 0.12617 0.12149 0.11785 0.11397 0.11083 0.10748 0.10203 0.09734 0.09329 0.08974 0.08672 0.08400 0.08153 0.07955 0.07761 0.07582 0.07433 0.07286 0.07177
3.4 3.75 0.13731 0.13274 0.12784 0.12402 0.11995 0.11665 0.11314 0.10743 0.10251 0.09826 0.09453 0.09135 0.08851 0.08591 0.08383 0.08179 0.07992 0.07835 0.07681 0.07566
3.5 3.86 0.14423 0.13945 0.13432 0.13032 0.12606 0.12261 0.11893 0.11295 0.10779 0.10333 0.09942 0.09610 0.09311 0.09039 0.08821 0.08607 0.08410 0.08246 0.08084 0.07964
3.6 3.97 0.15130 0.14630 0.14093 0.13676 0.13230 0.12869 0.12484 0.11858 0.11318 0.10852 0.10443 0.10095 0.09782 0.09497 0.09269 0.09045 0.08839 0.08667 0.08497 0.08371
3.7 4.08 0.15851 0.15329 0.14768 0.14332 0.13866 0.13489 0.13088 0.12434 0.11869 0.11382 0.10954 0.10590 0.10263 0.09965 0.09726 0.09492 0.09276 0.09096 0.08918 0.08787
3.8 4.19 0.16586 0.16042 0.15457 0.15002 0.14516 0.14123 0.13703 0.13021 0.12432 0.11923 0.11476 0.11096 0.10754 0.10443 0.10193 0.09949 0.09723 0.09535 0.09349 0.09212
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3.9 4.30 0.17335 0.16768 0.16159 0.15685 0.15178 0.14768 0.14331 0.13619 0.13005 0.12474 0.12008 0.11612 0.11255 0.10930 0.10670 0.10415 0.10179 0.09983 0.09789 0.09645
4.0 4.41 0.18099 0.17508 0.16874 0.16381 0.15853 0.15426 0.14971 0.14230 0.13590 0.13037 0.12551 0.12138 0.11766 0.11428 0.11156 0.10890 0.10645 0.10440 0.10238 0.10088
Appendix G
4.1 4.52 0.18876 0.18262 0.17603 0.17090 0.16541 0.16097 0.15623 0.14852 0.14186 0.13610 0.13105 0.12674 0.12287 0.11935 0.11652 0.11375 0.11119 0.10906 0.10695 0.10539
4.2 4.63 0.19667 0.19029 0.18345 0.17811 0.17241 0.16779 0.16287 0.15485 0.14793 0.14194 0.13668 0.13221 0.12818 0.12452 0.12157 0.11869 0.11603 0.11381 0.11162 0.10999
4.3 4.74 0.20472 0.19810 0.19099 0.18546 0.17954 0.17474 0.16963 0.16130 0.15411 0.14789 0.14243 0.13777 0.13359 0.12978 0.12672 0.12372 0.12096 0.11865 0.11637 0.11468
4.4 4.85 0.21291 0.20604 0.19867 0.19293 0.18679 0.18181 0.17651 0.16787 0.16040 0.15394 0.14827 0.14344 0.13910 0.13514 0.13196 0.12885 0.12597 0.12358 0.12121 0.11946
4.5 4.96 0.22123 0.21412 0.20648 0.20053 0.19416 0.18900 0.18350 0.17454 0.16680 0.16010 0.15422 0.14921 0.14470 0.14059 0.13730 0.13406 0.13108 0.12860 0.12614 0.12432
4.6 5.07 0.22969 0.22233 0.21441 0.20825 0.20165 0.19631 0.19062 0.18133 0.17331 0.16637 0.16027 0.15507 0.15040 0.14614 0.14273 0.13937 0.13628 0.13370 0.13115 0.12927
4.7 5.18 0.23828 0.23066 0.22248 0.21610 0.20927 0.20374 0.19785 0.18823 0.17992 0.17274 0.16642 0.16104 0.15620 0.15179 0.14825 0.14477 0.14157 0.13890 0.13625 0.13430
4.8 5.29 0.24701 0.23913 0.23067 0.22407 0.21701 0.21129 0.20519 0.19525 0.18665 0.17921 0.17267 0.16710 0.16209 0.15753 0.15386 0.15026 0.14695 0.14418 0.14144 0.13942
4.9 5.40 0.25587 0.24774 0.23899 0.23217 0.22487 0.21896 0.21265 0.20237 0.19348 0.18579 0.17903 0.17327 0.16808 0.16336 0.15957 0.15584 0.15241 0.14955 0.14672 0.14462
5.0 5.51 0.26487 0.25647 0.24743 0.24039 0.23285 0.22675 0.22023 0.20961 0.20042 0.19247 0.18548 0.17953 0.17417 0.16928 0.16536 0.16151 0.15797 0.15501 0.15208 0.14991
5.1 5.62 0.27400 0.26533 0.25600 0.24873 0.24095 0.23465 0.22792 0.21695 0.20747 0.19926 0.19204 0.18588 0.18035 0.17530 0.17125 0.16727 0.16361 0.16055 0.15752 0.15528
5.2 5.73 0.28326 0.27431 0.26470 0.25720 0.24917 0.24267 0.23573 0.22441 0.21462 0.20615 0.19869 0.19234 0.18663 0.18141 0.17723 0.17312 0.16934 0.16618 0.16305 0.16074
5.3 5.84 0.29265 0.28343 0.27352 0.26579 0.25751 0.25081 0.24365 0.23197 0.22188 0.21314 0.20544 0.19889 0.19300 0.18762 0.18330 0.17906 0.17515 0.17189 0.16867 0.16628

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0.5 0.55 0.00711 0.00673 0.00632 0.00601 0.00569 0.00545 0.00520 0.00479 0.00446 0.00418 0.00395 0.00375 0.00358 0.00343 0.00330 0.00320 0.00309 0.00301 0.00292 0.00286
0.6 0.66 0.00948 0.00898 0.00845 0.00805 0.00764 0.00732 0.00699 0.00646 0.00602 0.00566 0.00535 0.00508 0.00486 0.00466 0.00449 0.00435 0.00421 0.00410 0.00399 0.00390
Appendix G
0.7 0.77 0.01211 0.01149 0.01082 0.01033 0.00980 0.00941 0.00899 0.00832 0.00777 0.00731 0.00692 0.00658 0.00630 0.00604 0.00583 0.00565 0.00547 0.00534 0.00519 0.00508
0.8 0.88 0.01499 0.01423 0.01342 0.01282 0.01218 0.01170 0.01119 0.01037 0.00969 0.00914 0.00866 0.00824 0.00789 0.00758 0.00732 0.00709 0.00687 0.00671 0.00652 0.00639
0.9 0.99 0.01811 0.01721 0.01624 0.01553 0.01477 0.01419 0.01358 0.01261 0.01180 0.01113 0.01056 0.01005 0.00963 0.00926 0.00894 0.00867 0.00840 0.00821 0.00798 0.00782
1.0 1.10 0.02146 0.02041 0.01928 0.01845 0.01756 0.01688 0.01616 0.01502 0.01407 0.01328 0.01261 0.01202 0.01152 0.01108 0.01071 0.01039 0.01007 0.00983 0.00957 0.00938

1.1 1.21 0.02504 0.02382 0.02252 0.02156 0.02054 0.01976 0.01893 0.01761 0.01651 0.01559 0.01481 0.01413 0.01355 0.01303 0.01260 0.01223 0.01186 0.01159 0.01128 0.01106
—
1.2 1.32 0.02883 0.02745 0.02597 0.02488 0.02371 0.02282 0.02187 0.02036 0.01910 0.01806 0.01716 0.01638 0.01572 0.01513 0.01463 0.01420 0.01378 0.01346 0.01311 0.01285
1.3 1.43 0.03284 0.03129 0.02962 0.02838 0.02706 0.02606 0.02499 0.02328 0.02186 0.02067 0.01966 0.01877 0.01802 0.01735 0.01678 0.01630 0.01582 0.01546 0.01506 0.01477
1.4 1.54 0.03706 0.03532 0.03346 0.03208 0.03060 0.02948 0.02828 0.02637 0.02477 0.02344 0.02230 0.02130 0.02045 0.01970 0.01907 0.01852 0.01798 0.01757 0.01712 0.01679
1.5 1.65 0.04148 0.03956 0.03749 0.03596 0.03432 0.03307 0.03174 0.02961 0.02783 0.02635 0.02508 0.02397 0.02302 0.02218 0.02147 0.02086 0.02026 0.01981 0.01930 0.01893
1.6 1.76 0.04611 0.04399 0.04171 0.04002 0.03821 0.03683 0.03536 0.03301 0.03104 0.02940 0.02800 0.02677 0.02572 0.02479 0.02400 0.02333 0.02265 0.02215 0.02159 0.02118
1.7 1.87 0.05093 0.04861 0.04611 0.04426 0.04227 0.04076 0.03915 0.03656 0.03440 0.03260 0.03105 0.02969 0.02854 0.02752 0.02665 0.02590 0.02516 0.02461 0.02399 0.02354
1.8 1.98 0.05595 0.05342 0.05069 0.04867 0.04651 0.04486 0.04309 0.04027 0.03790 0.03593 0.03424 0.03275 0.03149 0.03037 0.02942 0.02860 0.02779 0.02718 0.02650 0.02601
1.9 2.09 0.06116 0.05841 0.05545 0.05326 0.05091 0.04911 0.04720 0.04412 0.04155 0.03941 0.03756 0.03594 0.03457 0.03334 0.03230 0.03141 0.03052 0.02986 0.02912 0.02858
2.0 2.20 0.06656 0.06359 0.06039 0.05802 0.05547 0.05353 0.05145 0.04813 0.04534 0.04301 0.04102 0.03926 0.03776 0.03643 0.03530 0.03434 0.03337 0.03265 0.03185 0.03126
2.1 2.31 0.07214 0.06895 0.06550 0.06295 0.06020 0.05811 0.05587 0.05228 0.04927 0.04676 0.04460 0.04269 0.04108 0.03964 0.03842 0.03737 0.03633 0.03555 0.03468 0.03404

2.2 2.43 0.07791 0.07448 0.07078 0.06804 0.06509 0.06284 0.06043 0.05657 0.05334 0.05063 0.04831 0.04626 0.04452 0.04296 0.04165 0.04052 0.03939 0.03856 0.03762 0.03693
2.3 2.54 0.08387 0.08020 0.07624 0.07330 0.07014 0.06773 0.06515 0.06101 0.05754 0.05464 0.05214 0.04994 0.04807 0.04640 0.04499 0.04378 0.04257 0.04167 0.04066 0.03992
2.4 2.65 0.09000 0.08609 0.08186 0.07872 0.07535 0.07277 0.07002 0.06559 0.06188 0.05877 0.05610 0.05375 0.05174 0.04996 0.04845 0.04715 0.04585 0.04488 0.04380 0.04301
2.5 2.76 0.09631 0.09215 0.08764 0.08430 0.08071 0.07797 0.07503 0.07031 0.06635 0.06304 0.06019 0.05767 0.05553 0.05363 0.05201 0.05062 0.04924 0.04820 0.04705 0.04620
2.6 2.87 0.10280 0.09838 0.09359 0.09005 0.08623 0.08331 0.08019 0.07517 0.07096 0.06743 0.06440 0.06172 0.05944 0.05741 0.05569 0.05421 0.05273 0.05163 0.05039 0.04949
2.7 2.98 0.10946 0.10478 0.09971 0.09595 0.09190 0.08881 0.08549 0.08017 0.07569 0.07195 0.06873 0.06588 0.06346 0.06130 0.05947 0.05790 0.05632 0.05515 0.05384 0.05288
2.8 3.09 0.11630 0.11134 0.10598 0.10200 0.09772 0.09445 0.09094 0.08530 0.08056 0.07659 0.07318 0.07016 0.06759 0.06530 0.06336 0.06169 0.06002 0.05878 0.05739 0.05637
2.9 3.20 0.12331 0.11808 0.11242 0.10822 0.10369 0.10024 0.09653 0.09057 0.08556 0.08136 0.07775 0.07456 0.07184 0.06941 0.06736 0.06559 0.06383 0.06251 0.06103 0.05996
3.0 3.31 0.13048 0.12498 0.11901 0.11459 0.10982 0.10617 0.10226 0.09598 0.09069 0.08626 0.08244 0.07907 0.07620 0.07364 0.07147 0.06960 0.06773 0.06634 0.06478 0.06364
3.1 3.42 0.13783 0.13204 0.12577 0.12111 0.11609 0.11225 0.10813 0.10151 0.09594 0.09127 0.08725 0.08369 0.08067 0.07797 0.07568 0.07371 0.07174 0.07027 0.06862 0.06742
3.2 3.53 0.14535 0.13926 0.13267 0.12778 0.12250 0.11847 0.11414 0.10718 0.10132 0.09641 0.09218 0.08843 0.08525 0.08240 0.08000 0.07792 0.07584 0.07430 0.07256 0.07129
3.3 3.64 0.15302 0.14665 0.13974 0.13460 0.12907 0.12483 0.12029 0.11298 0.10683 0.10167 0.09722 0.09329 0.08994 0.08695 0.08442 0.08223 0.08005 0.07842 0.07660 0.07526
3.4 3.75 0.16087 0.15419 0.14695 0.14157 0.13577 0.13133 0.12657 0.11891 0.11246 0.10704 0.10238 0.09825 0.09474 0.09160 0.08894 0.08665 0.08435 0.08265 0.08073 0.07933
3.5 3.86 0.16888 0.16189 0.15432 0.14869 0.14262 0.13798 0.13300 0.12497 0.11821 0.11254 0.10765 0.10333 0.09965 0.09635 0.09357 0.09116 0.08876 0.08697 0.08496 0.08349
3.6 3.97 0.17705 0.16975 0.16184 0.15596 0.14962 0.14476 0.13955 0.13116 0.12409 0.11816 0.11304 0.10852 0.10466 0.10121 0.09830 0.09578 0.09326 0.09139 0.08928 0.08774
3.7 4.08 0.18538 0.17777 0.16951 0.16337 0.15675 0.15168 0.14624 0.13748 0.13009 0.12389 0.11855 0.11382 0.10979 0.10618 0.10313 0.10050 0.09786 0.09590 0.09370 0.09209
3.8 4.19 0.19387 0.18594 0.17733 0.17093 0.16403 0.15874 0.15307 0.14393 0.13621 0.12974 0.12416 0.11922 0.11502 0.11125 0.10806 0.10531 0.10256 0.10051 0.09821 0.09652
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3.9 4.30 0.20252 0.19426 0.18530 0.17863 0.17144 0.16594 0.16002 0.15050 0.14246 0.13571 0.12989 0.12474 0.12035 0.11642 0.11310 0.11023 0.10735 0.10522 0.10281 0.10106
4.0 4.41 0.21133 0.20274 0.19342 0.18648 0.17900 0.17327 0.16711 0.15719 0.14882 0.14180 0.13573 0.13036 0.12579 0.12169 0.11823 0.11524 0.11224 0.11002 0.10751 0.10568
Appendix G
4.1 4.52 0.22030 0.21137 0.20168 0.19447 0.18669 0.18073 0.17433 0.16402 0.15531 0.14799 0.14168 0.13610 0.13134 0.12707 0.12346 0.12035 0.11723 0.11491 0.11230 0.11039
4.2 4.63 0.22942 0.22015 0.21009 0.20260 0.19452 0.18833 0.18168 0.17096 0.16191 0.15431 0.14775 0.14194 0.13699 0.13255 0.12880 0.12556 0.12231 0.11990 0.11718 0.11520
4.3 4.74 0.23870 0.22908 0.21865 0.21088 0.20249 0.19606 0.18916 0.17803 0.16863 0.16074 0.15392 0.14789 0.14274 0.13813 0.13423 0.13086 0.12749 0.12498 0.12215 0.12009
4.4 4.85 0.24813 0.23816 0.22735 0.21929 0.21060 0.20393 0.19677 0.18523 0.17547 0.16728 0.16020 0.15394 0.14860 0.14381 0.13976 0.13626 0.13276 0.13015 0.12722 0.12508
4.5 4.96 0.25771 0.24739 0.23619 0.22785 0.21884 0.21193 0.20451 0.19254 0.18243 0.17393 0.16660 0.16010 0.15456 0.14959 0.14539 0.14176 0.13812 0.13542 0.13237 0.13015
4.6 5.07 0.26745 0.25677 0.24518 0.23654 0.22721 0.22006 0.21237 0.19998 0.18950 0.18070 0.17310 0.16636 0.16062 0.15547 0.15112 0.14735 0.14358 0.14078 0.13762 0.13531
4.7 5.18 0.27734 0.26630 0.25431 0.24537 0.23572 0.22832 0.22037 0.20754 0.19669 0.18758 0.17971 0.17273 0.16678 0.16145 0.15694 0.15304 0.14913 0.14623 0.14296 0.14057
4.8 5.29 0.28739 0.27597 0.26358 0.25434 0.24436 0.23671 0.22849 0.21522 0.20400 0.19457 0.18642 0.17921 0.17305 0.16753 0.16286 0.15882 0.15478 0.15177 0.14838 0.14591
4.9 5.40 0.29758 0.28579 0.27299 0.26344 0.25313 0.24523 0.23673 0.22302 0.21142 0.20167 0.19325 0.18578 0.17942 0.17371 0.16887 0.16470 0.16052 0.15740 0.15390 0.15134
5.0 5.51 0.30792 0.29575 0.28254 0.27268 0.26204 0.25388 0.24510 0.23094 0.21896 0.20889 0.20018 0.19247 0.18588 0.17998 0.17499 0.17067 0.16634 0.16313 0.15950 0.15685
5.1 5.62 0.31841 0.30586 0.29223 0.28206 0.27108 0.26265 0.25360 0.23898 0.22661 0.21621 0.20722 0.19925 0.19245 0.18636 0.18120 0.17673 0.17227 0.16894 0.16520 0.16246

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0.5 0.55 0.00843 0.00793 0.00741 0.00702 0.00661 0.00630 0.00598 0.00547 0.00505 0.00470 0.00441 0.00416 0.00395 0.00377 0.00361 0.00347 0.00334 0.00323 0.00314 0.00305
0.6 0.66 0.01118 0.01054 0.00987 0.00936 0.00883 0.00843 0.00801 0.00734 0.00679 0.00634 0.00595 0.00563 0.00535 0.00510 0.00489 0.00471 0.00454 0.00439 0.00427 0.00415
Appendix G
0.7 0.77 0.01423 0.01344 0.01259 0.01197 0.01130 0.01080 0.01027 0.00943 0.00874 0.00817 0.00768 0.00727 0.00692 0.00661 0.00634 0.00611 0.00590 0.00571 0.00555 0.00540
0.8 0.88 0.01756 0.01660 0.01557 0.01481 0.01401 0.01340 0.01275 0.01173 0.01089 0.01018 0.00959 0.00909 0.00865 0.00827 0.00795 0.00766 0.00740 0.00716 0.00697 0.00678
0.9 0.99 0.02115 0.02001 0.01880 0.01790 0.01694 0.01622 0.01545 0.01423 0.01322 0.01238 0.01168 0.01107 0.01055 0.01009 0.00970 0.00935 0.00904 0.00875 0.00852 0.00830
1.0 1.10 0.02500 0.02368 0.02226 0.02121 0.02009 0.01925 0.01835 0.01693 0.01574 0.01476 0.01393 0.01321 0.01260 0.01206 0.01160 0.01119 0.01082 0.01048 0.01021 0.00994

1.1 1.21 0.02910 0.02758 0.02596 0.02475 0.02346 0.02249 0.02145 0.01981 0.01844 0.01730 0.01634 0.01551 0.01480 0.01418 0.01364 0.01317 0.01273 0.01234 0.01203 0.01172
—
1.2 1.32 0.03345 0.03172 0.02988 0.02851 0.02704 0.02593 0.02475 0.02288 0.02132 0.02002 0.01891 0.01797 0.01715 0.01644 0.01582 0.01528 0.01478 0.01433 0.01397 0.01361
1.3 1.43 0.03803 0.03609 0.03402 0.03247 0.03082 0.02957 0.02824 0.02613 0.02436 0.02289 0.02165 0.02057 0.01965 0.01884 0.01814 0.01752 0.01696 0.01645 0.01603 0.01563
1.4 1.54 0.04285 0.04069 0.03837 0.03665 0.03481 0.03341 0.03192 0.02955 0.02758 0.02593 0.02453 0.02333 0.02229 0.02138 0.02059 0.01990 0.01926 0.01869 0.01822 0.01776
1.5 1.65 0.04789 0.04550 0.04294 0.04103 0.03898 0.03743 0.03578 0.03315 0.03096 0.02912 0.02756 0.02622 0.02507 0.02405 0.02317 0.02240 0.02169 0.02105 0.02053 0.02002
1.6 1.76 0.05316 0.05053 0.04771 0.04561 0.04335 0.04165 0.03982 0.03692 0.03450 0.03247 0.03075 0.02926 0.02798 0.02686 0.02588 0.02503 0.02424 0.02353 0.02295 0.02239
1.7 1.87 0.05865 0.05577 0.05268 0.05038 0.04791 0.04604 0.04404 0.04086 0.03820 0.03597 0.03408 0.03245 0.03104 0.02980 0.02872 0.02778 0.02691 0.02613 0.02549 0.02487
1.8 1.98 0.06435 0.06122 0.05786 0.05535 0.05266 0.05062 0.04844 0.04496 0.04206 0.03962 0.03755 0.03577 0.03422 0.03287 0.03169 0.03066 0.02971 0.02885 0.02815 0.02746
1.9 2.09 0.07027 0.06688 0.06323 0.06051 0.05759 0.05537 0.05300 0.04923 0.04607 0.04342 0.04117 0.03922 0.03754 0.03606 0.03478 0.03366 0.03262 0.03168 0.03092 0.03017
2.0 2.20 0.07640 0.07274 0.06879 0.06585 0.06270 0.06031 0.05774 0.05366 0.05024 0.04736 0.04492 0.04282 0.04099 0.03939 0.03800 0.03677 0.03565 0.03463 0.03380 0.03299
2.1 2.31 0.08273 0.07879 0.07455 0.07139 0.06799 0.06541 0.06265 0.05825 0.05455 0.05145 0.04882 0.04654 0.04457 0.04284 0.04133 0.04001 0.03879 0.03769 0.03679 0.03592

2.2 2.43 0.08927 0.08504 0.08049 0.07710 0.07346 0.07069 0.06772 0.06299 0.05902 0.05568 0.05285 0.05040 0.04828 0.04641 0.04479 0.04337 0.04205 0.04087 0.03990 0.03895
2.3 2.54 0.09600 0.09149 0.08663 0.08300 0.07910 0.07613 0.07295 0.06789 0.06364 0.06006 0.05702 0.05439 0.05211 0.05011 0.04836 0.04684 0.04542 0.04415 0.04311 0.04209
2.4 2.65 0.10294 0.09813 0.09295 0.08907 0.08491 0.08175 0.07835 0.07294 0.06840 0.06457 0.06132 0.05851 0.05607 0.05393 0.05206 0.05042 0.04891 0.04754 0.04643 0.04534
2.5 2.76 0.11008 0.10496 0.09945 0.09533 0.09090 0.08753 0.08391 0.07815 0.07330 0.06923 0.06576 0.06276 0.06015 0.05786 0.05587 0.05412 0.05250 0.05105 0.04985 0.04869
2.6 2.87 0.11741 0.11198 0.10613 0.10175 0.09705 0.09347 0.08963 0.08350 0.07835 0.07402 0.07032 0.06713 0.06436 0.06192 0.05980 0.05793 0.05621 0.05466 0.05339 0.05214
2.7 2.98 0.12493 0.11919 0.11299 0.10836 0.10337 0.09958 0.09551 0.08901 0.08355 0.07894 0.07502 0.07163 0.06869 0.06610 0.06384 0.06186 0.06003 0.05838 0.05702 0.05570
2.8 3.09 0.13264 0.12658 0.12002 0.11513 0.10986 0.10584 0.10154 0.09466 0.08888 0.08400 0.07985 0.07626 0.07314 0.07039 0.06800 0.06590 0.06395 0.06220 0.06077 0.05936
2.9 3.20 0.14054 0.13415 0.12724 0.12207 0.11651 0.11227 0.10773 0.10046 0.09435 0.08920 0.08481 0.08101 0.07771 0.07480 0.07227 0.07004 0.06799 0.06613 0.06461 0.06313
3.0 3.31 0.14863 0.14190 0.13462 0.12918 0.12333 0.11886 0.11407 0.10641 0.09996 0.09452 0.08989 0.08588 0.08239 0.07933 0.07665 0.07430 0.07213 0.07017 0.06856 0.06699
3.1 3.42 0.15691 0.14983 0.14218 0.13646 0.13030 0.12560 0.12056 0.11250 0.10571 0.09998 0.09510 0.09087 0.08720 0.08397 0.08114 0.07867 0.07637 0.07431 0.07261 0.07096
3.2 3.53 0.16537 0.15794 0.14991 0.14391 0.13744 0.13250 0.12720 0.11873 0.11160 0.10557 0.10044 0.09599 0.09212 0.08872 0.08575 0.08314 0.08073 0.07855 0.07677 0.07502
3.3 3.64 0.17401 0.16623 0.15781 0.15152 0.14473 0.13956 0.13400 0.12511 0.11762 0.11129 0.10590 0.10123 0.09717 0.09359 0.09047 0.08772 0.08519 0.08290 0.08102 0.07919
3.4 3.75 0.18284 0.17469 0.16588 0.15929 0.15219 0.14676 0.14094 0.13163 0.12377 0.11714 0.11149 0.10658 0.10232 0.09857 0.09529 0.09241 0.08975 0.08735 0.08538 0.08345
3.5 3.86 0.19184 0.18333 0.17412 0.16723 0.15980 0.15412 0.14803 0.13828 0.13006 0.12312 0.11720 0.11206 0.10759 0.10366 0.10023 0.09721 0.09441 0.09190 0.08983 0.08781
3.6 3.97 0.20103 0.19214 0.18252 0.17532 0.16756 0.16163 0.15527 0.14508 0.13649 0.12922 0.12303 0.11765 0.11298 0.10886 0.10527 0.10211 0.09918 0.09655 0.09438 0.09227
3.7 4.08 0.21039 0.20112 0.19109 0.18358 0.17548 0.16930 0.16265 0.15202 0.14304 0.13545 0.12898 0.12337 0.11848 0.11418 0.11042 0.10712 0.10406 0.10130 0.09903 0.09682
3.8 4.19 0.21992 0.21027 0.19982 0.19200 0.18356 0.17711 0.17018 0.15909 0.14973 0.14181 0.13506 0.12919 0.12410 0.11960 0.11568 0.11223 0.10903 0.10615 0.10378 0.10147
267
268
3
3.9 4.30 0.22963 0.21959 0.20872 0.20057 0.19178 0.18507 0.17785 0.16630 0.15654 0.14829 0.14125 0.13514 0.12982 0.12513 0.12104 0.11744 0.11411 0.11110 0.10863 0.10622
4.0 4.41 0.23952 0.22908 0.21777 0.20930 0.20016 0.19318 0.18567 0.17364 0.16349 0.15490 0.14756 0.14120 0.13566 0.13077 0.12651 0.12276 0.11928 0.11615 0.11358 0.11106
Appendix G
4.1 4.52 0.24958 0.23874 0.22699 0.21819 0.20869 0.20143 0.19363 0.18112 0.17056 0.16163 0.15400 0.14737 0.14161 0.13652 0.13208 0.12818 0.12456 0.12130 0.11862 0.11600
4.2 4.63 0.25981 0.24856 0.23637 0.22723 0.21737 0.20983 0.20173 0.18874 0.17777 0.16848 0.16055 0.15366 0.14767 0.14238 0.13776 0.13370 0.12994 0.12654 0.12376 0.12103
4.3 4.74 0.27021 0.25855 0.24590 0.23643 0.22620 0.21838 0.20997 0.19649 0.18510 0.17546 0.16722 0.16007 0.15384 0.14835 0.14355 0.13933 0.13542 0.13189 0.12899 0.12616
4.4 4.85 0.28078 0.26870 0.25560 0.24578 0.23517 0.22707 0.21835 0.20437 0.19255 0.18255 0.17401 0.16658 0.16012 0.15442 0.14943 0.14505 0.14099 0.13733 0.13432 0.13138
4.5 4.96 0.29152 0.27901 0.26545 0.25528 0.24430 0.23590 0.22687 0.21238 0.20014 0.18977 0.18091 0.17321 0.16651 0.16059 0.15543 0.15088 0.14667 0.14287 0.13974 0.13669
4.6 5.07 0.30242 0.28949 0.27545 0.26493 0.25357 0.24488 0.23553 0.22053 0.20785 0.19711 0.18793 0.17995 0.17301 0.16688 0.16152 0.15681 0.15244 0.14850 0.14526 0.14209
4.7 5.18 0.31350 0.30012 0.28562 0.27474 0.26298 0.25399 0.24432 0.22880 0.21568 0.20457 0.19506 0.18680 0.17961 0.17326 0.16772 0.16284 0.15831 0.15423 0.15087 0.14759
4.8 5.29 0.32474 0.31092 0.29593 0.28469 0.27254 0.26325 0.25325 0.23721 0.22364 0.21214 0.20231 0.19377 0.18633 0.17976 0.17401 0.16897 0.16428 0.16005 0.15658 0.15318
4.9 5.40 0.33614 0.32188 0.30641 0.29480 0.28225 0.27265 0.26232 0.24575 0.23172 0.21984 0.20968 0.20084 0.19315 0.18635 0.18041 0.17519 0.17034 0.16597 0.16238 0.15886

—
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1" Uponor PEX-a — 100% Water — Feet of Head per 100 Feet of Tubing
1.5 2.73 1.81 1.72 1.62 1.58 1.55 1.52 1.49 1.45 1.40 1.36 1.33 1.30 1.27 1.25 1.22 1.20 1.18 1.16 1.15 1.13
1.6 2.91 2.02 1.92 1.81 1.77 1.73 1.70 1.67 1.62 1.57 1.53 1.49 1.45 1.42 1.40 1.37 1.35 1.32 1.30 1.28 1.27
Appendix G
1.7 3.09 2.24 2.13 2.01 1.97 1.93 1.89 1.86 1.80 1.75 1.70 1.66 1.62 1.58 1.55 1.52 1.50 1.47 1.45 1.43 1.41
1.8 3.27 2.47 2.35 2.21 2.17 2.13 2.09 2.05 1.99 1.93 1.88 1.83 1.79 1.75 1.72 1.68 1.66 1.63 1.60 1.58 1.56
1.9 3.46 2.71 2.58 2.43 2.39 2.34 2.30 2.26 2.18 2.12 2.06 2.01 1.97 1.93 1.89 1.85 1.82 1.79 1.77 1.74 1.72
2.0 3.64 2.96 2.82 2.66 2.61 2.56 2.51 2.47 2.39 2.32 2.26 2.20 2.15 2.11 2.07 2.03 2.00 1.96 1.93 1.91 1.88

2.1 3.82 3.22 3.07 2.89 2.84 2.78 2.74 2.69 2.60 2.53 2.46 2.40 2.35 2.30 2.25 2.21 2.18 2.14 2.11 2.08 2.05
—
2.2 4.00 3.49 3.32 3.14 3.08 3.02 2.97 2.91 2.82 2.74 2.67 2.61 2.55 2.49 2.45 2.40 2.36 2.32 2.29 2.26 2.23
2.3 4.18 3.77 3.59 3.39 3.33 3.26 3.21 3.15 3.05 2.96 2.89 2.82 2.75 2.70 2.65 2.60 2.56 2.51 2.48 2.44 2.41
2.4 4.37 4.06 3.87 3.65 3.58 3.51 3.45 3.39 3.29 3.19 3.11 3.04 2.97 2.91 2.85 2.80 2.76 2.71 2.67 2.64 2.60
2.5 4.55 4.35 4.15 3.92 3.85 3.77 3.71 3.64 3.53 3.43 3.34 3.26 3.19 3.13 3.07 3.01 2.96 2.92 2.87 2.83 2.80
2.6 4.73 4.66 4.44 4.20 4.12 4.04 3.97 3.90 3.78 3.68 3.58 3.50 3.42 3.35 3.29 3.23 3.18 3.13 3.08 3.04 3.00
2.7 4.91 4.97 4.74 4.48 4.40 4.32 4.24 4.17 4.04 3.93 3.83 3.74 3.66 3.58 3.52 3.45 3.40 3.34 3.30 3.25 3.21
2.8 5.09 5.30 5.05 4.78 4.69 4.60 4.52 4.44 4.31 4.19 4.08 3.99 3.90 3.82 3.75 3.68 3.62 3.57 3.52 3.47 3.42
2.9 5.28 5.63 5.37 5.08 4.99 4.89 4.81 4.73 4.58 4.46 4.34 4.24 4.15 4.07 3.99 3.92 3.86 3.80 3.74 3.69 3.65
3.0 5.46 5.97 5.70 5.39 5.29 5.19 5.11 5.02 4.87 4.73 4.61 4.50 4.41 4.32 4.24 4.16 4.10 4.03 3.98 3.92 3.87
3.1 5.64 6.32 6.03 5.71 5.61 5.50 5.41 5.31 5.15 5.01 4.89 4.77 4.67 4.58 4.49 4.41 4.34 4.28 4.22 4.16 4.11

3.2 5.82 6.68 6.38 6.03 5.93 5.81 5.72 5.62 5.45 5.30 5.17 5.05 4.94 4.84 4.75 4.67 4.60 4.53 4.46 4.40 4.35
3.3 6.00 7.05 6.73 6.37 6.25 6.13 6.04 5.93 5.75 5.60 5.46 5.33 5.22 5.11 5.02 4.93 4.86 4.78 4.71 4.65 4.59
3.4 6.19 7.42 7.09 6.71 6.59 6.46 6.36 6.25 6.07 5.90 5.75 5.62 5.50 5.39 5.29 5.20 5.12 5.04 4.97 4.91 4.85
3.5 6.37 7.81 7.46 7.06 6.93 6.80 6.69 6.58 6.38 6.21 6.06 5.92 5.79 5.68 5.58 5.48 5.39 5.31 5.24 5.17 5.10
3.6 6.55 8.20 7.83 7.42 7.29 7.15 7.03 6.91 6.71 6.53 6.37 6.22 6.09 5.97 5.86 5.76 5.67 5.58 5.51 5.43 5.37
3.7 6.73 8.60 8.22 7.78 7.65 7.50 7.38 7.26 7.04 6.85 6.68 6.53 6.39 6.27 6.16 6.05 5.95 5.86 5.78 5.71 5.64
3.8 6.91 9.01 8.61 8.16 8.01 7.86 7.74 7.61 7.38 7.18 7.01 6.85 6.70 6.57 6.45 6.34 6.25 6.15 6.07 5.99 5.91
3.9 7.09 9.43 9.01 8.54 8.39 8.23 8.10 7.96 7.73 7.52 7.34 7.17 7.02 6.88 6.76 6.65 6.54 6.44 6.35 6.27 6.19
4.0 7.28 9.85 9.42 8.93 8.77 8.60 8.47 8.33 8.08 7.87 7.67 7.50 7.34 7.20 7.07 6.95 6.84 6.74 6.65 6.56 6.48
4.1 7.46 10.29 9.84 9.32 9.16 8.99 8.85 8.70 8.44 8.22 8.02 7.84 7.67 7.53 7.39 7.27 7.15 7.05 6.95 6.86 6.78
4.2 7.64 10.73 10.26 9.72 9.55 9.38 9.23 9.08 8.81 8.58 8.37 8.18 8.01 7.86 7.72 7.59 7.47 7.36 7.26 7.16 7.08
4.3 7.82 11.18 10.69 10.14 9.96 9.77 9.62 9.46 9.19 8.94 8.72 8.53 8.35 8.19 8.05 7.91 7.79 7.67 7.57 7.47 7.38
4.4 8.00 11.64 11.13 10.55 10.37 10.18 10.02 9.85 9.57 9.31 9.09 8.89 8.70 8.54 8.38 8.24 8.12 8.00 7.89 7.79 7.69
4.5 8.19 12.11 11.58 10.98 10.79 10.59 10.42 10.25 9.96 9.69 9.46 9.25 9.06 8.88 8.73 8.58 8.45 8.32 8.21 8.11 8.01
4.6 8.37 12.58 12.03 11.41 11.22 11.01 10.84 10.66 10.35 10.08 9.83 9.62 9.42 9.24 9.08 8.93 8.79 8.66 8.54 8.43 8.33
4.7 8.55 13.06 12.50 11.85 11.65 11.43 11.26 11.07 10.75 10.47 10.22 9.99 9.79 9.60 9.43 9.28 9.13 9.00 8.88 8.76 8.66
4.8 8.73 13.55 12.97 12.30 12.09 11.87 11.68 11.49 11.16 10.87 10.61 10.37 10.16 9.97 9.79 9.63 9.48 9.34 9.22 9.10 8.99
269
5.5 ft./sec. is an industry standard for velocity limit Velocities in excess of 8 ft./sec. may cause erosion to
Recommended Head Loss Design Range in hydronic distribution systems. metal components in the system.
270
4.9 8.91 14.05 13.45 12.76 12.54 12.31 12.12 11.92 11.58 11.28 11.00 10.76 10.54 10.34 10.16 9.99 9.84 9.70 9.57 9.45 9.33
5.0 9.10 14.56 13.93 13.22 12.99 12.75 12.56 12.35 12.00 11.69 11.41 11.16 10.93 10.72 10.54 10.36 10.20 10.05 9.92 9.80 9.68
Appendix G
5.1 9.28 15.07 14.42 13.69 13.45 13.21 13.01 12.79 12.43 12.11 11.82 11.56 11.32 11.11 10.92 10.74 10.57 10.42 10.28 10.15 10.03
5.2 9.46 15.59 14.93 14.17 13.92 13.67 13.46 13.24 12.86 12.53 12.23 11.96 11.72 11.50 11.30 11.12 10.95 10.79 10.64 10.51 10.39
5.3 9.64 16.12 15.43 14.65 14.40 14.14 13.92 13.70 13.31 12.96 12.65 12.38 12.13 11.90 11.69 11.50 11.33 11.16 11.01 10.88 10.75
5.4 9.82 16.66 15.95 15.14 14.88 14.61 14.39 14.16 13.76 13.40 13.08 12.80 12.54 12.30 12.09 11.89 11.71 11.54 11.39 11.25 11.12
5.5 10.01 17.21 16.47 15.64 15.37 15.10 14.87 14.63 14.21 13.85 13.52 13.22 12.96 12.71 12.49 12.29 12.11 11.93 11.77 11.63 11.49
5.6 10.19 17.76 17.00 16.14 15.87 15.59 15.35 15.10 14.67 14.30 13.96 13.66 13.38 13.13 12.90 12.69 12.50 12.32 12.16 12.01 11.87
5.7 10.37 18.32 17.54 16.66 16.38 16.08 15.84 15.58 15.14 14.75 14.41 14.09 13.81 13.55 13.32 13.10 12.91 12.72 12.55 12.40 12.25
5.8 10.55 18.89 18.09 17.18 16.89 16.58 16.33 16.07 15.62 15.22 14.86 14.54 14.25 13.98 13.74 13.52 13.32 13.13 12.95 12.79 12.64
5.9 10.73 19.46 18.64 17.70 17.41 17.09 16.84 16.57 16.10 15.69 15.32 14.99 14.69 14.42 14.17 13.94 13.73 13.54 13.36 13.19 13.04
6.0 10.92 20.05 19.20 18.24 17.93 17.61 17.35 17.07 16.59 16.17 15.79 15.45 15.14 14.86 14.60 14.37 14.15 13.95 13.77 13.60 13.44
6.1 11.10 20.64 19.77 18.78 18.46 18.13 17.86 17.58 17.08 16.65 16.26 15.91 15.59 15.30 15.04 14.80 14.58 14.37 14.18 14.01 13.85
6.2 11.28 21.24 20.34 19.33 19.00 18.66 18.38 18.09 17.58 17.14 16.74 16.38 16.05 15.76 15.49 15.24 15.01 14.80 14.61 14.43 14.26
6.3 11.46 21.84 20.93 19.88 19.55 19.20 18.91 18.61 18.09 17.63 17.22 16.85 16.52 16.21 15.94 15.68 15.45 15.23 15.03 14.85 14.68
6.4 11.64 22.46 21.51 20.44 20.10 19.74 19.45 19.14 18.61 18.14 17.71 17.34 16.99 16.68 16.40 16.13 15.89 15.67 15.47 15.28 15.10
6.5 11.82 23.08 22.11 21.01 20.66 20.30 19.99 19.67 19.13 18.64 18.21 17.82 17.47 17.15 16.86 16.59 16.34 16.11 15.90 15.71 15.53
6.6 12.01 23.71 22.71 21.59 21.23 20.85 20.54 20.22 19.66 19.16 18.71 18.32 17.95 17.63 17.33 17.05 16.80 16.56 16.35 16.15 15.96
6.7 12.19 24.34 23.33 22.17 21.80 21.42 21.10 20.76 20.19 19.68 19.22 18.82 18.44 18.11 17.80 17.52 17.26 17.02 16.80 16.59 16.40
6.8 12.37 24.98 23.94 22.76 22.38 21.99 21.66 21.32 20.73 20.21 19.74 19.32 18.94 18.59 18.28 17.99 17.73 17.48 17.25 17.04 16.84
6.9 12.55 25.63 24.57 23.36 22.97 22.56 22.23 21.88 21.27 20.74 20.26 19.83 19.44 19.09 18.77 18.47 18.20 17.94 17.71 17.50 17.29
7.0 12.73 26.29 25.20 23.96 23.56 23.15 22.81 22.45 21.83 21.28 20.79 20.35 19.95 19.59 19.26 18.95 18.68 18.41 18.18 17.96 17.75
7.1 12.92 26.96 25.84 24.57 24.16 23.74 23.39 23.02 22.39 21.83 21.32 20.87 20.46 20.09 19.76 19.44 19.16 18.89 18.65 18.42 18.21
7.2 13.10 27.63 26.49 25.18 24.77 24.34 23.98 23.60 22.95 22.38 21.86 21.40 20.98 20.60 20.26 19.94 19.65 19.37 19.12 18.89 18.68
7.3 13.28 28.31 27.14 25.81 25.38 24.94 24.57 24.19 23.52 22.94 22.41 21.94 21.51 21.12 20.77 20.44 20.14 19.86 19.61 19.37 19.15
7.4 13.46 29.00 27.80 26.44 26.01 25.55 25.17 24.78 24.10 23.50 22.96 22.48 22.04 21.64 21.28 20.95 20.64 20.35 20.09 19.85 19.63
7.5 13.64 29.69 28.47 27.08 26.63 26.17 25.78 25.38 24.68 24.07 23.52 23.03 22.58 22.17 21.80 21.46 21.15 20.85 20.59 20.34 20.11

7.6 13.83 30.39 29.14 27.72 27.27 26.79 26.40 25.98 25.28 24.65 24.08 23.58 23.12 22.70 22.33 21.98 21.66 21.36 21.08 20.83 20.60
—
7.7 14.01 31.10 29.82 28.37 27.91 27.42 27.02 26.60 25.87 25.23 24.65 24.14 23.67 23.24 22.86 22.50 22.17 21.87 21.59 21.33 21.09
7.8 14.19 31.82 30.51 29.03 28.55 28.06 27.65 27.22 26.47 25.82 25.23 24.70 24.22 23.79 23.39 23.03 22.70 22.38 22.10 21.83 21.59
7.9 14.37 32.54 31.21 29.69 29.21 28.70 28.28 27.84 27.08 26.41 25.81 25.27 24.78 24.34 23.94 23.56 23.22 22.90 22.61 22.34 22.09
8.0 14.55 33.27 31.91 30.36 29.87 29.35 28.92 28.47 27.70 27.01 26.40 25.85 25.35 24.90 24.49 24.10 23.76 23.43 23.13 22.86 22.60
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1" Uponor PEX-a — 30% Propylene Glycol — Feet of Head per 100 Feet of Tubing
1.5 2.73 2.49 2.40 2.30 2.23 2.15 2.09 2.02 1.91 1.82 1.74 1.67 1.61 1.55 1.50 1.47 1.43 1.39 1.36 1.33 1.31
1.6 2.91 2.77 2.67 2.57 2.49 2.40 2.33 2.25 2.13 2.03 1.94 1.86 1.80 1.74 1.68 1.64 1.60 1.56 1.53 1.49 1.47
Appendix G
1.7 3.09 3.07 2.96 2.84 2.75 2.66 2.58 2.50 2.37 2.25 2.15 2.07 1.99 1.93 1.87 1.82 1.78 1.73 1.70 1.66 1.64
1.8 3.27 3.38 3.26 3.13 3.03 2.93 2.85 2.76 2.61 2.48 2.38 2.28 2.20 2.13 2.07 2.01 1.96 1.91 1.88 1.84 1.81
1.9 3.46 3.70 3.57 3.43 3.33 3.21 3.12 3.02 2.86 2.73 2.61 2.51 2.42 2.34 2.27 2.21 2.16 2.10 2.06 2.02 1.99
2.0 3.64 4.03 3.89 3.74 3.63 3.51 3.41 3.30 3.13 2.98 2.85 2.74 2.64 2.56 2.48 2.42 2.36 2.30 2.26 2.21 2.18

2.1 3.82 4.38 4.23 4.07 3.94 3.81 3.70 3.59 3.40 3.24 3.10 2.98 2.88 2.79 2.70 2.63 2.57 2.51 2.46 2.41 2.37
—
2.2 4.00 4.74 4.57 4.40 4.27 4.12 4.01 3.88 3.68 3.51 3.36 3.23 3.12 3.02 2.93 2.86 2.79 2.72 2.67 2.61 2.57
2.3 4.18 5.11 4.93 4.75 4.60 4.45 4.32 4.19 3.98 3.79 3.63 3.49 3.37 3.26 3.17 3.09 3.01 2.94 2.88 2.83 2.78
2.4 4.37 5.49 5.30 5.10 4.95 4.78 4.65 4.51 4.28 4.08 3.91 3.76 3.63 3.52 3.41 3.33 3.25 3.17 3.11 3.05 3.00
2.5 4.55 5.88 5.68 5.47 5.31 5.13 4.99 4.84 4.59 4.38 4.20 4.04 3.90 3.78 3.67 3.58 3.49 3.41 3.34 3.27 3.22
2.6 4.73 6.28 6.07 5.85 5.67 5.49 5.34 5.17 4.91 4.69 4.49 4.32 4.18 4.04 3.93 3.83 3.74 3.65 3.58 3.51 3.46
2.7 4.91 6.70 6.48 6.24 6.05 5.85 5.69 5.52 5.24 5.00 4.80 4.61 4.46 4.32 4.19 4.09 3.99 3.90 3.83 3.75 3.69
2.8 5.09 7.13 6.89 6.64 6.44 6.23 6.06 5.88 5.58 5.33 5.11 4.92 4.75 4.60 4.47 4.36 4.26 4.16 4.08 4.00 3.94
2.9 5.28 7.56 7.31 7.05 6.84 6.62 6.44 6.24 5.93 5.66 5.43 5.23 5.05 4.90 4.75 4.64 4.53 4.43 4.34 4.25 4.19
3.0 5.46 8.01 7.75 7.47 7.25 7.01 6.82 6.62 6.29 6.01 5.76 5.55 5.36 5.20 5.05 4.93 4.81 4.70 4.61 4.52 4.45
3.1 5.64 8.47 8.19 7.90 7.67 7.42 7.22 7.01 6.66 6.36 6.10 5.87 5.68 5.50 5.35 5.22 5.09 4.98 4.88 4.79 4.72

3.2 5.82 8.94 8.65 8.34 8.10 7.84 7.63 7.40 7.04 6.72 6.45 6.21 6.00 5.82 5.65 5.52 5.39 5.27 5.16 5.06 4.99
3.3 6.00 9.42 9.12 8.79 8.53 8.26 8.04 7.80 7.42 7.09 6.80 6.55 6.34 6.14 5.97 5.83 5.69 5.56 5.45 5.35 5.27
3.4 6.19 9.92 9.60 9.25 8.98 8.70 8.47 8.22 7.81 7.47 7.17 6.90 6.68 6.47 6.29 6.14 5.99 5.86 5.75 5.64 5.56
3.5 6.37 10.42 10.08 9.72 9.44 9.14 8.90 8.64 8.22 7.85 7.54 7.26 7.02 6.81 6.62 6.46 6.31 6.17 6.05 5.94 5.85
3.6 6.55 10.93 10.58 10.20 9.91 9.60 9.34 9.07 8.63 8.25 7.92 7.63 7.38 7.16 6.95 6.79 6.63 6.48 6.36 6.24 6.15
3.7 6.73 11.46 11.09 10.70 10.39 10.06 9.80 9.51 9.05 8.65 8.31 8.00 7.74 7.51 7.30 7.13 6.96 6.81 6.68 6.55 6.46
3.8 6.91 11.99 11.61 11.20 10.88 10.54 10.26 9.96 9.48 9.06 8.70 8.38 8.11 7.87 7.65 7.47 7.30 7.13 7.00 6.87 6.77
3.9 7.09 12.53 12.14 11.71 11.38 11.02 10.73 10.42 9.92 9.48 9.11 8.78 8.49 8.24 8.01 7.82 7.64 7.47 7.33 7.19 7.09
4.0 7.28 13.09 12.67 12.23 11.88 11.51 11.21 10.89 10.36 9.91 9.52 9.17 8.88 8.61 8.37 8.18 7.99 7.81 7.67 7.52 7.41
4.1 7.46 13.65 13.22 12.76 12.40 12.01 11.70 11.36 10.82 10.35 9.94 9.58 9.27 9.00 8.75 8.54 8.35 8.16 8.01 7.86 7.75
4.2 7.64 14.23 13.78 13.30 12.93 12.52 12.20 11.85 11.28 10.79 10.37 9.99 9.67 9.39 9.13 8.92 8.71 8.52 8.36 8.20 8.09
4.3 7.82 14.81 14.35 13.85 13.46 13.04 12.71 12.34 11.75 11.24 10.80 10.41 10.08 9.79 9.51 9.29 9.08 8.88 8.72 8.55 8.43
4.4 8.00 15.41 14.93 14.41 14.01 13.57 13.22 12.85 12.24 11.71 11.25 10.84 10.50 10.19 9.91 9.68 9.46 9.25 9.08 8.91 8.79
4.5 8.19 16.02 15.52 14.98 14.56 14.11 13.75 13.36 12.72 12.17 11.70 11.28 10.92 10.60 10.31 10.07 9.84 9.63 9.45 9.27 9.14
4.6 8.37 16.63 16.11 15.56 15.12 14.66 14.28 13.88 13.22 12.65 12.16 11.72 11.35 11.02 10.72 10.47 10.23 10.01 9.83 9.64 9.51
4.7 8.55 17.26 16.72 16.15 15.70 15.21 14.82 14.41 13.73 13.14 12.63 12.18 11.79 11.45 11.13 10.88 10.63 10.40 10.21 10.02 9.88
4.8 8.73 17.89 17.34 16.74 16.28 15.78 15.38 14.94 14.24 13.63 13.10 12.64 12.24 11.88 11.55 11.29 11.04 10.80 10.60 10.40 10.26
271
272
4.9 8.91 18.54 17.97 17.35 16.87 16.35 15.94 15.49 14.76 14.13 13.58 13.10 12.69 12.32 11.98 11.71 11.45 11.20 11.00 10.79 10.64
5.0 9.10 19.19 18.60 17.97 17.47 16.94 16.51 16.04 15.29 14.64 14.07 13.58 13.15 12.77 12.42 12.14 11.86 11.61 11.40 11.19 11.03
Appendix G
5.1 9.28 19.86 19.25 18.59 18.08 17.53 17.08 16.61 15.83 15.16 14.57 14.06 13.62 13.22 12.86 12.57 12.29 12.03 11.81 11.59 11.43
5.2 9.46 20.53 19.90 19.23 18.70 18.13 17.67 17.18 16.38 15.68 15.08 14.55 14.09 13.69 13.31 13.01 12.72 12.45 12.22 12.00 11.83
5.3 9.64 21.22 20.57 19.87 19.32 18.74 18.27 17.76 16.93 16.21 15.59 15.04 14.58 14.16 13.77 13.46 13.16 12.88 12.64 12.41 12.24
5.4 9.82 21.91 21.24 20.52 19.96 19.36 18.87 18.35 17.49 16.75 16.11 15.55 15.07 14.63 14.23 13.92 13.60 13.31 13.07 12.83 12.66
5.5 10.01 22.61 21.93 21.18 20.61 19.98 19.48 18.94 18.06 17.30 16.64 16.06 15.56 15.11 14.70 14.38 14.05 13.76 13.51 13.26 13.08
5.6 10.19 23.33 22.62 21.86 21.26 20.62 20.10 19.55 18.64 17.86 17.18 16.58 16.06 15.60 15.18 14.84 14.51 14.20 13.95 13.69 13.51
5.7 10.37 24.05 23.32 22.54 21.92 21.26 20.73 20.16 19.23 18.42 17.72 17.10 16.57 16.10 15.67 15.32 14.97 14.66 14.39 14.13 13.94
5.8 10.55 24.78 24.03 23.22 22.59 21.92 21.37 20.78 19.82 18.99 18.27 17.63 17.09 16.60 16.16 15.80 15.45 15.12 14.85 14.58 14.38
5.9 10.73 25.52 24.75 23.92 23.27 22.58 22.01 21.41 20.43 19.57 18.83 18.17 17.62 17.11 16.65 16.28 15.92 15.59 15.31 15.03 14.83
6.0 10.92 26.27 25.48 24.63 23.96 23.25 22.67 22.05 21.04 20.16 19.39 18.72 18.15 17.63 17.16 16.78 16.41 16.06 15.77 15.49 15.28
6.1 11.10 27.04 26.22 25.35 24.66 23.93 23.33 22.69 21.65 20.75 19.97 19.28 18.69 18.15 17.67 17.28 16.90 16.54 16.25 15.95 15.74
6.2 11.28 27.80 26.97 26.07 25.37 24.61 24.00 23.35 22.28 21.35 20.55 19.84 19.23 18.69 18.19 17.79 17.39 17.03 16.72 16.42 16.20
6.3 11.46 28.58 27.73 26.80 26.08 25.31 24.68 24.01 22.91 21.96 21.13 20.41 19.78 19.22 18.71 18.30 17.89 17.52 17.21 16.90 16.67
6.4 11.64 29.37 28.49 27.55 26.81 26.01 25.37 24.68 23.55 22.58 21.73 20.98 20.34 19.77 19.24 18.82 18.40 18.02 17.70 17.38 17.15
6.5 11.82 30.17 29.27 28.30 27.54 26.73 26.07 25.36 24.20 23.20 22.33 21.56 20.91 20.32 19.78 19.35 18.92 18.52 18.20 17.87 17.63
6.6 12.01 30.98 30.05 29.06 28.28 27.45 26.77 26.04 24.86 23.83 22.94 22.15 21.48 20.88 20.32 19.88 19.44 19.04 18.70 18.37 18.12
6.7 12.19 31.79 30.85 29.83 29.03 28.18 27.48 26.74 25.53 24.47 23.56 22.75 22.06 21.44 20.87 20.42 19.97 19.55 19.21 18.87 18.61
6.8 12.37 32.62 31.65 30.60 29.79 28.91 28.20 27.44 26.20 25.12 24.18 23.35 22.65 22.01 21.43 20.96 20.50 20.08 19.72 19.37 19.11
6.9 12.55 33.45 32.46 31.39 30.56 29.66 28.93 28.15 26.88 25.77 24.81 23.97 23.24 22.59 21.99 21.51 21.04 20.61 20.25 19.89 19.62
7.0 12.73 34.29 33.28 32.19 31.33 30.41 29.67 28.87 27.57 26.43 25.45 24.58 23.84 23.17 22.56 22.07 21.59 21.14 20.77 20.40 20.13
7.1 12.92 35.15 34.11 32.99 32.11 31.17 30.41 29.60 28.26 27.10 26.10 25.21 24.45 23.77 23.14 22.64 22.14 21.69 21.31 20.93 20.65
7.2 13.10 36.01 34.95 33.80 32.91 31.94 31.16 30.33 28.96 27.78 26.75 25.84 25.06 24.36 23.72 23.21 22.70 22.24 21.85 21.46 21.17
7.3 13.28 36.88 35.79 34.62 33.71 32.72 31.93 31.07 29.67 28.46 27.41 26.48 25.68 24.97 24.31 23.79 23.27 22.79 22.39 22.00 21.70
7.4 13.46 37.76 36.65 35.45 34.51 33.51 32.69 31.82 30.39 29.15 28.07 27.12 26.31 25.58 24.91 24.37 23.84 23.35 22.94 22.54 22.24
7.5 13.64 38.65 37.51 36.29 35.33 34.30 33.47 32.58 31.12 29.85 28.75 27.78 26.94 26.20 25.51 24.96 24.42 23.92 23.50 23.09 22.78

7.6 13.83 39.54 38.39 37.13 36.16 35.11 34.26 33.34 31.85 30.55 29.43 28.43 27.59 26.82 26.12 25.56 25.00 24.49 24.07 23.64 23.33
—
7.7 14.01 40.45 39.27 37.99 36.99 35.92 35.05 34.12 32.59 31.27 30.12 29.10 28.23 27.45 26.74 26.16 25.59 25.07 24.63 24.20 23.88
7.8 14.19 41.37 40.16 38.85 37.83 36.74 35.85 34.90 33.34 31.99 30.81 29.77 28.89 28.09 27.36 26.77 26.19 25.66 25.21 24.77 24.44
7.9 14.37 42.29 41.06 39.72 38.68 37.57 36.66 35.69 34.09 32.71 31.51 30.45 29.55 28.73 27.98 27.38 26.79 26.25 25.79 25.34 25.01
8.0 14.55 43.22 41.96 40.60 39.54 38.40 37.47 36.48 34.86 33.45 32.22 31.14 30.22 29.38 28.62 28.01 27.40 26.85 26.38 25.92 25.58
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1" Uponor PEX-a —40% Propylene Glycol — Feet of Head per 100 Feet of Tubing
1.5 2.73 2.95 2.82 2.68 2.57 2.46 2.37 2.28 2.13 2.01 1.90 1.81 1.74 1.67 1.61 1.56 1.52 1.47 1.44 1.41 1.38
1.6 2.91 3.28 3.14 2.98 2.86 2.74 2.64 2.54 2.38 2.24 2.13 2.03 1.94 1.87 1.80 1.75 1.70 1.65 1.61 1.57 1.55
Appendix G
1.7 3.09 3.63 3.47 3.30 3.17 3.03 2.93 2.82 2.63 2.48 2.36 2.25 2.15 2.07 2.00 1.94 1.89 1.83 1.79 1.75 1.72
1.8 3.27 3.99 3.82 3.63 3.49 3.34 3.22 3.10 2.90 2.74 2.60 2.48 2.38 2.29 2.21 2.14 2.08 2.03 1.98 1.93 1.90
1.9 3.46 4.37 4.18 3.97 3.82 3.66 3.53 3.40 3.18 3.00 2.85 2.72 2.61 2.51 2.43 2.35 2.29 2.23 2.18 2.13 2.09
2.0 3.64 4.75 4.55 4.33 4.16 3.99 3.85 3.71 3.47 3.28 3.12 2.98 2.85 2.75 2.65 2.57 2.50 2.43 2.38 2.33 2.28

2.1 3.82 5.16 4.93 4.70 4.52 4.33 4.18 4.03 3.78 3.56 3.39 3.24 3.10 2.99 2.89 2.80 2.73 2.65 2.60 2.53 2.49
—
2.2 4.00 5.57 5.33 5.08 4.89 4.68 4.53 4.36 4.09 3.86 3.67 3.51 3.36 3.24 3.13 3.04 2.96 2.88 2.82 2.75 2.70
2.3 4.18 6.00 5.75 5.47 5.27 5.05 4.88 4.70 4.41 4.17 3.96 3.79 3.63 3.50 3.38 3.28 3.20 3.11 3.05 2.97 2.92
2.4 4.37 6.44 6.17 5.88 5.66 5.42 5.24 5.05 4.74 4.48 4.26 4.08 3.91 3.77 3.64 3.53 3.44 3.35 3.28 3.20 3.15
2.5 4.55 6.90 6.61 6.30 6.06 5.81 5.62 5.42 5.09 4.81 4.57 4.37 4.20 4.04 3.91 3.80 3.70 3.60 3.52 3.44 3.38
2.6 4.73 7.36 7.06 6.73 6.48 6.21 6.01 5.79 5.44 5.14 4.89 4.68 4.49 4.33 4.19 4.06 3.96 3.85 3.78 3.69 3.62
2.7 4.91 7.85 7.52 7.17 6.91 6.62 6.41 6.18 5.80 5.49 5.22 5.00 4.80 4.62 4.47 4.34 4.23 4.12 4.04 3.94 3.87
2.8 5.09 8.34 7.99 7.62 7.34 7.05 6.82 6.57 6.18 5.84 5.56 5.32 5.11 4.93 4.76 4.63 4.51 4.39 4.30 4.20 4.13
2.9 5.28 8.84 8.48 8.09 7.79 7.48 7.24 6.98 6.56 6.21 5.91 5.66 5.43 5.24 5.07 4.92 4.79 4.67 4.58 4.47 4.39
3.0 5.46 9.36 8.98 8.57 8.26 7.92 7.67 7.39 6.95 6.58 6.27 6.00 5.76 5.56 5.38 5.22 5.09 4.96 4.86 4.75 4.66
3.1 5.64 9.89 9.49 9.05 8.73 8.38 8.11 7.82 7.36 6.96 6.64 6.35 6.10 5.89 5.69 5.53 5.39 5.25 5.15 5.03 4.94

3.2 5.82 10.44 10.01 9.55 9.21 8.84 8.56 8.26 7.77 7.36 7.01 6.71 6.45 6.22 6.02 5.85 5.70 5.55 5.44 5.32 5.23
3.3 6.00 10.99 10.55 10.07 9.71 9.32 9.02 8.71 8.19 7.76 7.39 7.08 6.80 6.56 6.35 6.17 6.02 5.86 5.74 5.61 5.52
3.4 6.19 11.56 11.09 10.59 10.21 9.81 9.50 9.16 8.62 8.17 7.79 7.46 7.17 6.92 6.69 6.50 6.34 6.18 6.06 5.92 5.82
3.5 6.37 12.14 11.65 11.12 10.73 10.31 9.98 9.63 9.07 8.59 8.19 7.84 7.54 7.28 7.04 6.84 6.67 6.50 6.37 6.23 6.12
3.6 6.55 12.73 12.22 11.67 11.26 10.81 10.47 10.11 9.52 9.02 8.60 8.24 7.92 7.64 7.40 7.19 7.01 6.83 6.70 6.55 6.44
3.7 6.73 13.33 12.80 12.22 11.80 11.33 10.98 10.59 9.98 9.46 9.02 8.64 8.31 8.02 7.76 7.55 7.36 7.17 7.03 6.87 6.76
3.8 6.91 13.95 13.39 12.79 12.34 11.86 11.49 11.09 10.45 9.90 9.45 9.05 8.70 8.40 8.13 7.91 7.71 7.52 7.37 7.20 7.08
3.9 7.09 14.57 14.00 13.37 12.90 12.40 12.01 11.60 10.93 10.36 9.88 9.47 9.11 8.79 8.51 8.28 8.07 7.87 7.72 7.54 7.42
4.0 7.28 15.21 14.61 13.96 13.47 12.95 12.55 12.11 11.42 10.83 10.33 9.90 9.52 9.19 8.90 8.65 8.44 8.23 8.07 7.89 7.76
4.1 7.46 15.86 15.24 14.56 14.05 13.51 13.09 12.64 11.91 11.30 10.78 10.34 9.94 9.60 9.30 9.04 8.82 8.59 8.43 8.24 8.11
4.2 7.64 16.52 15.87 15.17 14.65 14.08 13.64 13.18 12.42 11.78 11.24 10.78 10.37 10.01 9.70 9.43 9.20 8.97 8.80 8.60 8.46
4.3 7.82 17.19 16.52 15.79 15.25 14.66 14.21 13.72 12.94 12.27 11.71 11.23 10.80 10.44 10.11 9.83 9.59 9.35 9.17 8.97 8.82
4.4 8.00 17.87 17.18 16.42 15.86 15.25 14.78 14.28 13.46 12.77 12.19 11.69 11.25 10.87 10.53 10.24 9.99 9.74 9.55 9.34 9.19
4.5 8.19 18.57 17.85 17.07 16.48 15.85 15.36 14.84 14.00 13.28 12.68 12.16 11.70 11.30 10.95 10.65 10.39 10.13 9.94 9.72 9.56
4.6 8.37 19.28 18.53 17.72 17.11 16.46 15.96 15.41 14.54 13.80 13.18 12.64 12.16 11.75 11.38 11.07 10.80 10.53 10.33 10.11 9.94
4.7 8.55 19.99 19.22 18.38 17.75 17.08 16.56 16.00 15.09 14.33 13.68 13.12 12.63 12.20 11.82 11.50 11.22 10.94 10.74 10.50 10.33
4.8 8.73 20.72 19.92 19.06 18.41 17.71 17.17 16.59 15.65 14.86 14.19 13.61 13.10 12.66 12.27 11.94 11.65 11.36 11.14 10.90 10.72
273
274
1" Uponor PEX-a —40% Propylene Glycol — Feet of Head per 100 Feet of Tubing
4.9 8.91 21.46 20.64 19.74 19.07 18.35 17.79 17.19 16.22 15.40 14.71 14.11 13.58 13.13 12.72 12.38 12.08 11.78 11.56 11.31 11.12
5.0 9.10 22.21 21.36 20.43 19.74 18.99 18.42 17.80 16.80 15.95 15.24 14.62 14.07 13.61 13.18 12.83 12.52 12.21 11.98 11.72 11.53
Appendix G
5.1 9.28 22.97 22.09 21.14 20.42 19.65 19.06 18.42 17.39 16.51 15.78 15.14 14.57 14.09 13.65 13.28 12.97 12.65 12.41 12.14 11.94
5.2 9.46 23.74 22.84 21.85 21.12 20.32 19.71 19.05 17.99 17.08 16.32 15.66 15.08 14.58 14.13 13.75 13.42 13.09 12.84 12.57 12.36
5.3 9.64 24.53 23.59 22.58 21.82 21.00 20.37 19.69 18.59 17.66 16.87 16.19 15.59 15.08 14.61 14.22 13.88 13.54 13.29 13.00 12.79
5.4 9.82 25.32 24.36 23.31 22.53 21.69 21.04 20.34 19.20 18.24 17.44 16.73 16.11 15.58 15.10 14.70 14.35 14.00 13.73 13.44 13.22
5.5 10.01 26.12 25.14 24.06 23.25 22.38 21.71 20.99 19.83 18.84 18.00 17.28 16.64 16.09 15.60 15.18 14.82 14.46 14.19 13.88 13.66
5.6 10.19 26.94 25.92 24.81 23.99 23.09 22.40 21.66 20.46 19.44 18.58 17.84 17.18 16.61 16.10 15.67 15.30 14.93 14.65 14.34 14.11
5.7 10.37 27.76 26.72 25.58 24.73 23.81 23.10 22.33 21.10 20.05 19.17 18.40 17.72 17.14 16.62 16.17 15.79 15.40 15.12 14.80 14.56
5.8 10.55 28.60 27.53 26.35 25.48 24.53 23.80 23.02 21.75 20.67 19.76 18.97 18.27 17.67 17.13 16.68 16.28 15.89 15.59 15.26 15.02
5.9 10.73 29.45 28.34 27.14 26.24 25.26 24.52 23.71 22.40 21.29 20.36 19.55 18.83 18.21 17.66 17.19 16.78 16.38 16.07 15.73 15.48
6.0 10.92 30.31 29.17 27.93 27.01 26.01 25.24 24.41 23.07 21.93 20.97 20.13 19.39 18.76 18.19 17.71 17.29 16.87 16.56 16.21 15.95
6.1 11.10 31.17 30.01 28.74 27.79 26.76 25.97 25.12 23.74 22.57 21.58 20.73 19.97 19.32 18.73 18.24 17.81 17.38 17.06 16.69 16.43
6.2 11.28 32.05 30.86 29.55 28.58 27.52 26.71 25.84 24.42 23.22 22.21 21.33 20.55 19.88 19.28 18.77 18.33 17.89 17.56 17.19 16.91
6.3 11.46 32.94 31.71 30.38 29.38 28.30 27.46 26.57 25.11 23.88 22.84 21.94 21.13 20.45 19.83 19.31 18.86 18.40 18.06 17.68 17.40
6.4 11.64 33.84 32.58 31.21 30.19 29.08 28.22 27.30 25.81 24.55 23.48 22.55 21.73 21.02 20.39 19.86 19.39 18.92 18.58 18.19 17.90
6.5 11.82 34.75 33.46 32.06 31.01 29.87 28.99 28.05 26.52 25.22 24.12 23.17 22.33 21.61 20.96 20.41 19.93 19.45 19.10 18.70 18.40
6.6 12.01 35.67 34.35 32.91 31.83 30.67 29.77 28.80 27.23 25.90 24.78 23.81 22.94 22.20 21.53 20.97 20.48 19.99 19.62 19.21 18.91
6.7 12.19 36.60 35.25 33.77 32.67 31.47 30.55 29.56 27.96 26.59 25.44 24.44 23.56 22.80 22.11 21.54 21.03 20.53 20.16 19.73 19.42
6.8 12.37 37.54 36.15 34.65 33.52 32.29 31.35 30.33 28.69 27.29 26.11 25.09 24.18 23.40 22.70 22.11 21.60 21.08 20.70 20.26 19.95
6.9 12.55 38.49 37.07 35.53 34.37 33.12 32.15 31.11 29.43 28.00 26.79 25.74 24.81 24.01 23.30 22.69 22.16 21.63 21.24 20.80 20.47
7.0 12.73 39.45 38.00 36.42 35.24 33.95 32.97 31.90 30.18 28.71 27.48 26.40 25.45 24.63 23.90 23.28 22.74 22.20 21.79 21.34 21.01
7.1 12.92 40.42 38.94 37.32 36.11 34.80 33.79 32.70 30.94 29.44 28.17 27.07 26.09 25.26 24.51 23.87 23.32 22.76 22.35 21.89 21.54
7.2 13.10 41.40 39.89 38.23 36.99 35.65 34.62 33.51 31.70 30.17 28.87 27.75 26.75 25.89 25.12 24.47 23.91 23.34 22.92 22.44 22.09
7.3 13.28 42.39 40.84 39.15 37.89 36.51 35.46 34.32 32.47 30.90 29.58 28.43 27.41 26.53 25.74 25.08 24.50 23.92 23.49 23.00 22.64
7.4 13.46 43.39 41.81 40.08 38.79 37.39 36.31 35.14 33.25 31.65 30.29 29.12 28.07 27.18 26.37 25.69 25.10 24.51 24.06 23.56 23.20
7.5 13.64 44.40 42.79 41.02 39.70 38.27 37.16 35.97 34.04 32.40 31.02 29.82 28.75 27.83 27.01 26.31 25.71 25.10 24.65 24.14 23.76

7.6 13.83 45.43 43.77 41.97 40.62 39.15 38.03 36.81 34.84 33.16 31.75 30.52 29.43 28.49 27.65 26.94 26.32 25.70 25.24 24.71 24.33
—
7.7 14.01 46.46 44.77 42.93 41.55 40.05 38.90 37.66 35.65 33.93 32.49 31.23 30.12 29.16 28.30 27.57 26.94 26.30 25.83 25.30 24.91
7.8 14.19 47.50 45.77 43.89 42.49 40.96 39.78 38.52 36.46 34.71 33.23 31.95 30.81 29.83 28.96 28.21 27.56 26.92 26.43 25.89 25.49
7.9 14.37 48.55 46.79 44.87 43.43 41.87 40.67 39.38 37.28 35.50 33.99 32.68 31.51 30.51 29.62 28.86 28.20 27.53 27.04 26.48 26.08
8.0 14.55 49.61 47.81 45.86 44.39 42.80 41.57 40.25 38.11 36.29 34.75 33.41 32.22 31.20 30.29 29.51 28.84 28.16 27.66 27.09 26.67
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1.5 2.73 2.95 2.82 2.68 2.57 2.46 2.37 2.28 2.13 2.01 1.90 1.81 1.74 1.67 1.61 1.56 1.52 1.47 1.44 1.41 1.38
1.6 2.91 3.28 3.14 2.98 2.86 2.74 2.64 2.54 2.38 2.24 2.13 2.03 1.94 1.87 1.80 1.75 1.70 1.65 1.61 1.57 1.55
Appendix G
1.7 3.09 3.63 3.47 3.30 3.17 3.03 2.93 2.82 2.63 2.48 2.36 2.25 2.15 2.07 2.00 1.94 1.89 1.83 1.79 1.75 1.72
1.8 3.27 3.99 3.82 3.63 3.49 3.34 3.22 3.10 2.90 2.74 2.60 2.48 2.38 2.29 2.21 2.14 2.08 2.03 1.98 1.93 1.90
1.9 3.46 4.37 4.18 3.97 3.82 3.66 3.53 3.40 3.18 3.00 2.85 2.72 2.61 2.51 2.43 2.35 2.29 2.23 2.18 2.13 2.09
2.0 3.64 4.75 4.55 4.33 4.16 3.99 3.85 3.71 3.47 3.28 3.12 2.98 2.85 2.75 2.65 2.57 2.50 2.43 2.38 2.33 2.28

2.1 3.82 5.16 4.93 4.70 4.52 4.33 4.18 4.03 3.78 3.56 3.39 3.24 3.10 2.99 2.89 2.80 2.73 2.65 2.60 2.53 2.49
—
2.2 4.00 5.57 5.33 5.08 4.89 4.68 4.53 4.36 4.09 3.86 3.67 3.51 3.36 3.24 3.13 3.04 2.96 2.88 2.82 2.75 2.70
2.3 4.18 6.00 5.75 5.47 5.27 5.05 4.88 4.70 4.41 4.17 3.96 3.79 3.63 3.50 3.38 3.28 3.20 3.11 3.05 2.97 2.92
2.4 4.37 6.44 6.17 5.88 5.66 5.42 5.24 5.05 4.74 4.48 4.26 4.08 3.91 3.77 3.64 3.53 3.44 3.35 3.28 3.20 3.15
2.5 4.55 6.90 6.61 6.30 6.06 5.81 5.62 5.42 5.09 4.81 4.57 4.37 4.20 4.04 3.91 3.80 3.70 3.60 3.52 3.44 3.38
2.6 4.73 7.36 7.06 6.73 6.48 6.21 6.01 5.79 5.44 5.14 4.89 4.68 4.49 4.33 4.19 4.06 3.96 3.85 3.78 3.69 3.62
2.7 4.91 7.85 7.52 7.17 6.91 6.62 6.41 6.18 5.80 5.49 5.22 5.00 4.80 4.62 4.47 4.34 4.23 4.12 4.04 3.94 3.87
2.8 5.09 8.34 7.99 7.62 7.34 7.05 6.82 6.57 6.18 5.84 5.56 5.32 5.11 4.93 4.76 4.63 4.51 4.39 4.30 4.20 4.13
2.9 5.28 8.84 8.48 8.09 7.79 7.48 7.24 6.98 6.56 6.21 5.91 5.66 5.43 5.24 5.07 4.92 4.79 4.67 4.58 4.47 4.39
3.0 5.46 9.36 8.98 8.57 8.26 7.92 7.67 7.39 6.95 6.58 6.27 6.00 5.76 5.56 5.38 5.22 5.09 4.96 4.86 4.75 4.66
3.1 5.64 9.89 9.49 9.05 8.73 8.38 8.11 7.82 7.36 6.96 6.64 6.35 6.10 5.89 5.69 5.53 5.39 5.25 5.15 5.03 4.94

3.2 5.82 10.44 10.01 9.55 9.21 8.84 8.56 8.26 7.77 7.36 7.01 6.71 6.45 6.22 6.02 5.85 5.70 5.55 5.44 5.32 5.23
3.3 6.00 10.99 10.55 10.07 9.71 9.32 9.02 8.71 8.19 7.76 7.39 7.08 6.80 6.56 6.35 6.17 6.02 5.86 5.74 5.61 5.52
3.4 6.19 11.56 11.09 10.59 10.21 9.81 9.50 9.16 8.62 8.17 7.79 7.46 7.17 6.92 6.69 6.50 6.34 6.18 6.06 5.92 5.82
3.5 6.37 12.14 11.65 11.12 10.73 10.31 9.98 9.63 9.07 8.59 8.19 7.84 7.54 7.28 7.04 6.84 6.67 6.50 6.37 6.23 6.12
3.6 6.55 12.73 12.22 11.67 11.26 10.81 10.47 10.11 9.52 9.02 8.60 8.24 7.92 7.64 7.40 7.19 7.01 6.83 6.70 6.55 6.44
3.7 6.73 13.33 12.80 12.22 11.80 11.33 10.98 10.59 9.98 9.46 9.02 8.64 8.31 8.02 7.76 7.55 7.36 7.17 7.03 6.87 6.76
3.8 6.91 13.95 13.39 12.79 12.34 11.86 11.49 11.09 10.45 9.90 9.45 9.05 8.70 8.40 8.13 7.91 7.71 7.52 7.37 7.20 7.08
3.9 7.09 14.57 14.00 13.37 12.90 12.40 12.01 11.60 10.93 10.36 9.88 9.47 9.11 8.79 8.51 8.28 8.07 7.87 7.72 7.54 7.42
4.0 7.28 15.21 14.61 13.96 13.47 12.95 12.55 12.11 11.42 10.83 10.33 9.90 9.52 9.19 8.90 8.65 8.44 8.23 8.07 7.89 7.76
4.1 7.46 15.86 15.24 14.56 14.05 13.51 13.09 12.64 11.91 11.30 10.78 10.34 9.94 9.60 9.30 9.04 8.82 8.59 8.43 8.24 8.11
4.2 7.64 16.52 15.87 15.17 14.65 14.08 13.64 13.18 12.42 11.78 11.24 10.78 10.37 10.01 9.70 9.43 9.20 8.97 8.80 8.60 8.46
4.3 7.82 17.19 16.52 15.79 15.25 14.66 14.21 13.72 12.94 12.27 11.71 11.23 10.80 10.44 10.11 9.83 9.59 9.35 9.17 8.97 8.82
4.4 8.00 17.87 17.18 16.42 15.86 15.25 14.78 14.28 13.46 12.77 12.19 11.69 11.25 10.87 10.53 10.24 9.99 9.74 9.55 9.34 9.19
4.5 8.19 18.57 17.85 17.07 16.48 15.85 15.36 14.84 14.00 13.28 12.68 12.16 11.70 11.30 10.95 10.65 10.39 10.13 9.94 9.72 9.56
4.6 8.37 19.28 18.53 17.72 17.11 16.46 15.96 15.41 14.54 13.80 13.18 12.64 12.16 11.75 11.38 11.07 10.80 10.53 10.33 10.11 9.94
4.7 8.55 19.99 19.22 18.38 17.75 17.08 16.56 16.00 15.09 14.33 13.68 13.12 12.63 12.20 11.82 11.50 11.22 10.94 10.74 10.50 10.33
4.8 8.73 20.72 19.92 19.06 18.41 17.71 17.17 16.59 15.65 14.86 14.19 13.61 13.10 12.66 12.27 11.94 11.65 11.36 11.14 10.90 10.72
275
276
4.9 8.91 21.46 20.64 19.74 19.07 18.35 17.79 17.19 16.22 15.40 14.71 14.11 13.58 13.13 12.72 12.38 12.08 11.78 11.56 11.31 11.12
5.0 9.10 22.21 21.36 20.43 19.74 18.99 18.42 17.80 16.80 15.95 15.24 14.62 14.07 13.61 13.18 12.83 12.52 12.21 11.98 11.72 11.53
Appendix G
5.1 9.28 22.97 22.09 21.14 20.42 19.65 19.06 18.42 17.39 16.51 15.78 15.14 14.57 14.09 13.65 13.28 12.97 12.65 12.41 12.14 11.94
5.2 9.46 23.74 22.84 21.85 21.12 20.32 19.71 19.05 17.99 17.08 16.32 15.66 15.08 14.58 14.13 13.75 13.42 13.09 12.84 12.57 12.36
5.3 9.64 24.53 23.59 22.58 21.82 21.00 20.37 19.69 18.59 17.66 16.87 16.19 15.59 15.08 14.61 14.22 13.88 13.54 13.29 13.00 12.79
5.4 9.82 25.32 24.36 23.31 22.53 21.69 21.04 20.34 19.20 18.24 17.44 16.73 16.11 15.58 15.10 14.70 14.35 14.00 13.73 13.44 13.22
5.5 10.01 26.12 25.14 24.06 23.25 22.38 21.71 20.99 19.83 18.84 18.00 17.28 16.64 16.09 15.60 15.18 14.82 14.46 14.19 13.88 13.66
5.6 10.19 26.94 25.92 24.81 23.99 23.09 22.40 21.66 20.46 19.44 18.58 17.84 17.18 16.61 16.10 15.67 15.30 14.93 14.65 14.34 14.11
5.7 10.37 27.76 26.72 25.58 24.73 23.81 23.10 22.33 21.10 20.05 19.17 18.40 17.72 17.14 16.62 16.17 15.79 15.40 15.12 14.80 14.56
5.8 10.55 28.60 27.53 26.35 25.48 24.53 23.80 23.02 21.75 20.67 19.76 18.97 18.27 17.67 17.13 16.68 16.28 15.89 15.59 15.26 15.02
5.9 10.73 29.45 28.34 27.14 26.24 25.26 24.52 23.71 22.40 21.29 20.36 19.55 18.83 18.21 17.66 17.19 16.78 16.38 16.07 15.73 15.48
6.0 10.92 30.31 29.17 27.93 27.01 26.01 25.24 24.41 23.07 21.93 20.97 20.13 19.39 18.76 18.19 17.71 17.29 16.87 16.56 16.21 15.95
6.1 11.10 31.17 30.01 28.74 27.79 26.76 25.97 25.12 23.74 22.57 21.58 20.73 19.97 19.32 18.73 18.24 17.81 17.38 17.06 16.69 16.43
6.2 11.28 32.05 30.86 29.55 28.58 27.52 26.71 25.84 24.42 23.22 22.21 21.33 20.55 19.88 19.28 18.77 18.33 17.89 17.56 17.19 16.91
6.3 11.46 32.94 31.71 30.38 29.38 28.30 27.46 26.57 25.11 23.88 22.84 21.94 21.13 20.45 19.83 19.31 18.86 18.40 18.06 17.68 17.40
6.4 11.64 33.84 32.58 31.21 30.19 29.08 28.22 27.30 25.81 24.55 23.48 22.55 21.73 21.02 20.39 19.86 19.39 18.92 18.58 18.19 17.90
6.5 11.82 34.75 33.46 32.06 31.01 29.87 28.99 28.05 26.52 25.22 24.12 23.17 22.33 21.61 20.96 20.41 19.93 19.45 19.10 18.70 18.40
6.6 12.01 35.67 34.35 32.91 31.83 30.67 29.77 28.80 27.23 25.90 24.78 23.81 22.94 22.20 21.53 20.97 20.48 19.99 19.62 19.21 18.91
6.7 12.19 36.60 35.25 33.77 32.67 31.47 30.55 29.56 27.96 26.59 25.44 24.44 23.56 22.80 22.11 21.54 21.03 20.53 20.16 19.73 19.42
6.8 12.37 37.54 36.15 34.65 33.52 32.29 31.35 30.33 28.69 27.29 26.11 25.09 24.18 23.40 22.70 22.11 21.60 21.08 20.70 20.26 19.95
6.9 12.55 38.49 37.07 35.53 34.37 33.12 32.15 31.11 29.43 28.00 26.79 25.74 24.81 24.01 23.30 22.69 22.16 21.63 21.24 20.80 20.47
7.0 12.73 39.45 38.00 36.42 35.24 33.95 32.97 31.90 30.18 28.71 27.48 26.40 25.45 24.63 23.90 23.28 22.74 22.20 21.79 21.34 21.01
7.1 12.92 40.42 38.94 37.32 36.11 34.80 33.79 32.70 30.94 29.44 28.17 27.07 26.09 25.26 24.51 23.87 23.32 22.76 22.35 21.89 21.54
7.2 13.10 41.40 39.89 38.23 36.99 35.65 34.62 33.51 31.70 30.17 28.87 27.75 26.75 25.89 25.12 24.47 23.91 23.34 22.92 22.44 22.09
7.3 13.28 42.39 40.84 39.15 37.89 36.51 35.46 34.32 32.47 30.90 29.58 28.43 27.41 26.53 25.74 25.08 24.50 23.92 23.49 23.00 22.64
7.4 13.46 43.39 41.81 40.08 38.79 37.39 36.31 35.14 33.25 31.65 30.29 29.12 28.07 27.18 26.37 25.69 25.10 24.51 24.06 23.56 23.20
7.5 13.64 44.40 42.79 41.02 39.70 38.27 37.16 35.97 34.04 32.40 31.02 29.82 28.75 27.83 27.01 26.31 25.71 25.10 24.65 24.14 23.76

7.6 13.83 45.43 43.77 41.97 40.62 39.15 38.03 36.81 34.84 33.16 31.75 30.52 29.43 28.49 27.65 26.94 26.32 25.70 25.24 24.71 24.33
—
7.7 14.01 46.46 44.77 42.93 41.55 40.05 38.90 37.66 35.65 33.93 32.49 31.23 30.12 29.16 28.30 27.57 26.94 26.30 25.83 25.30 24.91
7.8 14.19 47.50 45.77 43.89 42.49 40.96 39.78 38.52 36.46 34.71 33.23 31.95 30.81 29.83 28.96 28.21 27.56 26.92 26.43 25.89 25.49
7.9 14.37 48.55 46.79 44.87 43.43 41.87 40.67 39.38 37.28 35.50 33.99 32.68 31.51 30.51 29.62 28.86 28.20 27.53 27.04 26.48 26.08
8.0 14.55 49.61 47.81 45.86 44.39 42.80 41.57 40.25 38.11 36.29 34.75 33.41 32.22 31.20 30.29 29.51 28.84 28.16 27.66 27.09 26.67
8.1 14.74 56.61 54.43 52.05 50.25 48.30 46.81 45.19 42.57 40.35 38.45 36.82 35.39 34.15 33.04 32.08 31.22 30.43 29.71 29.12 28.54
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11⁄4" Uponor PEX-a — 100% Water — Feet of Head per 100 Feet of Tubing
1.5 4.08 1.39 1.33 1.25 1.23 1.20 1.18 1.16 1.12 1.09 1.06 1.03 1.01 0.99 0.97 0.95 0.94 0.92 0.91 0.89 0.88
1.6 4.35 1.56 1.48 1.40 1.37 1.34 1.32 1.30 1.26 1.22 1.19 1.16 1.13 1.11 1.09 1.07 1.05 1.03 1.02 1.00 0.99
Appendix G
1.7 4.62 1.73 1.65 1.55 1.53 1.49 1.47 1.44 1.40 1.36 1.32 1.29 1.26 1.23 1.21 1.19 1.17 1.15 1.13 1.12 1.10
1.8 4.90 1.91 1.82 1.72 1.69 1.65 1.62 1.59 1.54 1.50 1.46 1.43 1.39 1.36 1.34 1.31 1.29 1.27 1.25 1.24 1.22
1.9 5.17 2.10 2.00 1.89 1.85 1.81 1.78 1.75 1.70 1.65 1.61 1.57 1.53 1.50 1.47 1.45 1.42 1.40 1.38 1.36 1.34
2.0 5.44 2.29 2.18 2.06 2.02 1.98 1.95 1.92 1.86 1.81 1.76 1.72 1.68 1.64 1.61 1.58 1.56 1.53 1.51 1.49 1.47

2.1 5.71 2.49 2.38 2.25 2.20 2.16 2.13 2.09 2.02 1.97 1.92 1.87 1.83 1.79 1.76 1.73 1.70 1.67 1.65 1.63 1.60
—
2.2 5.98 2.70 2.58 2.44 2.39 2.34 2.31 2.27 2.20 2.13 2.08 2.03 1.99 1.95 1.91 1.88 1.84 1.82 1.79 1.77 1.74
2.3 6.26 2.92 2.79 2.63 2.58 2.53 2.49 2.45 2.37 2.31 2.25 2.20 2.15 2.11 2.07 2.03 2.00 1.97 1.94 1.91 1.89
2.4 6.53 3.14 3.00 2.84 2.78 2.73 2.69 2.64 2.56 2.49 2.42 2.37 2.32 2.27 2.23 2.19 2.15 2.12 2.09 2.06 2.04
2.5 6.80 3.37 3.22 3.05 2.99 2.93 2.89 2.84 2.75 2.67 2.61 2.55 2.49 2.44 2.40 2.35 2.32 2.28 2.25 2.22 2.19
2.6 7.07 3.61 3.45 3.26 3.20 3.14 3.09 3.04 2.95 2.87 2.79 2.73 2.67 2.62 2.57 2.52 2.48 2.44 2.41 2.38 2.35
2.7 7.34 3.86 3.68 3.49 3.42 3.36 3.30 3.25 3.15 3.06 2.99 2.92 2.85 2.80 2.75 2.70 2.66 2.62 2.58 2.54 2.51
2.8 7.62 4.11 3.92 3.71 3.65 3.58 3.52 3.46 3.36 3.27 3.18 3.11 3.04 2.98 2.93 2.88 2.83 2.79 2.75 2.71 2.68
2.9 7.89 4.37 4.17 3.95 3.88 3.81 3.75 3.68 3.57 3.47 3.39 3.31 3.24 3.18 3.12 3.07 3.02 2.97 2.93 2.89 2.85
3.0 8.16 4.63 4.43 4.19 4.12 4.04 3.98 3.91 3.79 3.69 3.60 3.52 3.44 3.37 3.31 3.26 3.20 3.16 3.11 3.07 3.03
3.1 8.43 4.91 4.69 4.44 4.36 4.28 4.21 4.14 4.02 3.91 3.81 3.73 3.65 3.58 3.51 3.45 3.40 3.35 3.30 3.26 3.22

3.2 8.70 5.19 4.96 4.69 4.61 4.53 4.45 4.38 4.25 4.14 4.03 3.94 3.86 3.78 3.72 3.65 3.60 3.54 3.49 3.45 3.40
3.3 8.98 5.47 5.23 4.96 4.87 4.78 4.70 4.62 4.49 4.37 4.26 4.16 4.08 4.00 3.93 3.86 3.80 3.74 3.69 3.64 3.60
3.4 9.25 5.76 5.51 5.22 5.13 5.04 4.96 4.87 4.73 4.60 4.49 4.39 4.30 4.22 4.14 4.07 4.01 3.95 3.89 3.84 3.80
3.5 9.52 6.06 5.80 5.50 5.40 5.30 5.22 5.13 4.98 4.85 4.73 4.62 4.53 4.44 4.36 4.29 4.22 4.16 4.10 4.05 4.00
3.6 9.79 6.37 6.09 5.77 5.67 5.57 5.48 5.39 5.23 5.10 4.97 4.86 4.76 4.67 4.59 4.51 4.44 4.37 4.31 4.26 4.21
3.7 10.06 6.68 6.39 6.06 5.96 5.84 5.75 5.66 5.49 5.35 5.22 5.10 5.00 4.90 4.82 4.73 4.66 4.59 4.53 4.47 4.42
3.8 10.34 7.00 6.70 6.35 6.24 6.13 6.03 5.93 5.76 5.61 5.47 5.35 5.24 5.14 5.05 4.97 4.89 4.82 4.75 4.69 4.63
3.9 10.61 7.33 7.01 6.65 6.53 6.41 6.31 6.21 6.03 5.87 5.73 5.60 5.49 5.38 5.29 5.20 5.12 5.05 4.98 4.91 4.86
4.0 10.88 7.66 7.33 6.95 6.83 6.71 6.60 6.49 6.31 6.14 6.00 5.86 5.74 5.63 5.53 5.44 5.36 5.28 5.21 5.14 5.08
4.1 11.15 8.00 7.65 7.26 7.14 7.01 6.90 6.79 6.59 6.42 6.26 6.13 6.00 5.89 5.78 5.69 5.60 5.52 5.45 5.38 5.31
4.2 11.42 8.34 7.98 7.58 7.45 7.31 7.20 7.08 6.88 6.70 6.54 6.40 6.26 6.15 6.04 5.94 5.85 5.76 5.69 5.61 5.55
4.3 11.70 8.69 8.32 7.90 7.76 7.62 7.50 7.38 7.17 6.99 6.82 6.67 6.53 6.41 6.30 6.20 6.10 6.01 5.93 5.86 5.79
4.4 11.97 9.05 8.66 8.22 8.08 7.94 7.82 7.69 7.47 7.28 7.10 6.95 6.81 6.68 6.56 6.46 6.36 6.27 6.18 6.10 6.03
4.5 12.24 9.42 9.01 8.56 8.41 8.26 8.13 8.00 7.77 7.57 7.39 7.23 7.09 6.95 6.83 6.72 6.62 6.52 6.44 6.36 6.28
4.6 12.51 9.79 9.37 8.90 8.75 8.59 8.46 8.32 8.08 7.88 7.69 7.52 7.37 7.23 7.11 6.99 6.89 6.79 6.70 6.61 6.53
4.7 12.78 10.16 9.73 9.24 9.08 8.92 8.78 8.64 8.40 8.18 7.99 7.82 7.66 7.52 7.39 7.27 7.16 7.05 6.96 6.87 6.79
277
278
4.8 13.06 10.55 10.10 9.59 9.43 9.26 9.12 8.97 8.72 8.50 8.29 8.12 7.95 7.80 7.67 7.55 7.43 7.32 7.23 7.14 7.05
4.9 13.33 10.93 10.47 9.95 9.78 9.60 9.46 9.31 9.04 8.81 8.61 8.42 8.25 8.10 7.96 7.83 7.71 7.60 7.50 7.41 7.32
Appendix G
5.0 13.60 11.33 10.85 10.31 10.13 9.95 9.80 9.65 9.38 9.14 8.92 8.73 8.55 8.40 8.25 8.12 8.00 7.88 7.78 7.68 7.59
5.1 13.87 11.73 11.24 10.67 10.50 10.31 10.15 9.99 9.71 9.46 9.24 9.04 8.86 8.70 8.55 8.41 8.29 8.17 8.06 7.96 7.87
5.2 14.14 12.14 11.63 11.05 10.86 10.67 10.51 10.34 10.05 9.80 9.57 9.36 9.18 9.01 8.85 8.71 8.58 8.46 8.35 8.24 8.15
5.3 14.42 12.55 12.03 11.43 11.24 11.04 10.87 10.70 10.40 10.14 9.90 9.69 9.49 9.32 9.16 9.01 8.88 8.75 8.64 8.53 8.43
5.4 14.69 12.97 12.43 11.81 11.61 11.41 11.24 11.06 10.75 10.48 10.23 10.02 9.82 9.64 9.47 9.32 9.18 9.05 8.93 8.83 8.72
5.5 14.96 13.40 12.84 12.20 12.00 11.79 11.61 11.43 11.11 10.83 10.58 10.35 10.15 9.96 9.79 9.63 9.49 9.36 9.24 9.12 9.02
5.6 15.23 13.83 13.25 12.60 12.39 12.17 11.99 11.80 11.47 11.18 10.92 10.69 10.48 10.29 10.11 9.95 9.80 9.67 9.54 9.42 9.31
5.7 15.50 14.27 13.67 13.00 12.78 12.56 12.37 12.17 11.84 11.54 11.27 11.03 10.82 10.62 10.44 10.27 10.12 9.98 9.85 9.73 9.62
5.8 15.78 14.71 14.10 13.40 13.18 12.95 12.76 12.56 12.21 11.90 11.63 11.38 11.16 10.95 10.77 10.60 10.44 10.30 10.16 10.04 9.92
5.9 16.05 15.16 14.53 13.82 13.59 13.35 13.15 12.94 12.59 12.27 11.99 11.74 11.51 11.30 11.11 10.93 10.77 10.62 10.48 10.35 10.23
6.0 16.32 15.62 14.97 14.23 14.00 13.75 13.55 13.34 12.97 12.65 12.36 12.09 11.86 11.64 11.45 11.27 11.10 10.94 10.80 10.67 10.55
6.1 16.59 16.08 15.41 14.66 14.42 14.16 13.95 13.74 13.36 13.03 12.73 12.46 12.21 11.99 11.79 11.61 11.44 11.27 11.13 11.00 10.87
6.2 16.86 16.54 15.86 15.09 14.84 14.58 14.36 14.14 13.75 13.41 13.10 12.83 12.58 12.35 12.14 11.95 11.78 11.61 11.46 11.32 11.19
6.3 17.13 17.02 16.32 15.52 15.27 15.00 14.78 14.55 14.15 13.80 13.48 13.20 12.94 12.71 12.50 12.30 12.12 11.95 11.80 11.66 11.52
6.4 17.41 17.50 16.78 15.96 15.70 15.43 15.20 14.96 14.55 14.19 13.87 13.58 13.31 13.07 12.85 12.65 12.47 12.29 12.14 11.99 11.85
6.5 17.68 17.98 17.25 16.40 16.14 15.86 15.62 15.38 14.96 14.59 14.26 13.96 13.69 13.44 13.22 13.01 12.82 12.64 12.48 12.33 12.19
6.6 17.95 18.47 17.72 16.86 16.58 16.29 16.05 15.81 15.38 14.99 14.65 14.35 14.07 13.82 13.59 13.37 13.18 13.00 12.83 12.68 12.53
6.7 18.22 18.97 18.20 17.31 17.03 16.73 16.49 16.23 15.79 15.40 15.05 14.74 14.45 14.19 13.96 13.74 13.54 13.35 13.18 13.03 12.88
6.8 18.49 19.47 18.68 17.77 17.48 17.18 16.93 16.67 16.22 15.82 15.46 15.14 14.84 14.58 14.34 14.11 13.91 13.72 13.54 13.38 13.23
6.9 18.77 19.98 19.17 18.24 17.94 17.63 17.38 17.11 16.65 16.24 15.87 15.54 15.24 14.97 14.72 14.49 14.28 14.08 13.90 13.74 13.58
7.0 19.04 20.50 19.66 18.71 18.41 18.09 17.83 17.55 17.08 16.66 16.28 15.94 15.64 15.36 15.10 14.87 14.65 14.45 14.27 14.10 13.94
7.1 19.31 21.02 20.16 19.19 18.88 18.55 18.28 18.00 17.52 17.09 16.70 16.35 16.04 15.75 15.49 15.25 15.03 14.83 14.64 14.47 14.30
7.2 19.58 21.54 20.67 19.67 19.36 19.02 18.75 18.46 17.96 17.52 17.12 16.77 16.45 16.16 15.89 15.64 15.42 15.21 15.02 14.84 14.67
7.3 19.85 22.07 21.18 20.16 19.84 19.49 19.21 18.92 18.41 17.96 17.55 17.19 16.86 16.56 16.29 16.04 15.81 15.59 15.39 15.21 15.04
7.4 20.13 22.61 21.70 20.65 20.32 19.97 19.68 19.38 18.86 18.40 17.99 17.62 17.28 16.97 16.69 16.44 16.20 15.98 15.78 15.59 15.42

7.5 20.40 23.15 22.22 21.15 20.81 20.46 20.16 19.85 19.32 18.85 18.42 18.05 17.70 17.39 17.10 16.84 16.60 16.37 16.17 15.97 15.80
—
7.6 20.67 23.70 22.75 21.66 21.31 20.95 20.64 20.33 19.78 19.30 18.87 18.48 18.13 17.81 17.52 17.25 17.00 16.77 16.56 16.36 16.18
7.7 20.94 24.26 23.28 22.17 21.81 21.44 21.13 20.81 20.25 19.76 19.32 18.92 18.56 18.23 17.93 17.66 17.41 17.17 16.95 16.75 16.57
7.8 21.21 24.82 23.82 22.68 22.32 21.94 21.62 21.29 20.72 20.22 19.77 19.36 18.99 18.66 18.36 18.07 17.82 17.57 17.35 17.15 16.96
7.9 21.49 25.38 24.36 23.20 22.83 22.44 22.12 21.78 21.20 20.69 20.22 19.81 19.43 19.09 18.78 18.49 18.23 17.98 17.76 17.55 17.36
8.0 21.76 25.95 24.91 23.73 23.35 22.95 22.62 22.28 21.68 21.16 20.69 20.26 19.88 19.53 19.21 18.92 18.65 18.40 18.17 17.96 17.76
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11⁄4" Uponor PEX-a — 30% Propylene Glycol — Feet of Head per 100 Feet of Tubing
1.5 4.08 1.91 1.84 1.77 1.71 1.65 1.61 1.56 1.47 1.40 1.34 1.29 1.24 1.20 1.17 1.14 1.11 1.08 1.06 1.04 1.02
1.6 4.35 2.13 2.05 1.97 1.91 1.85 1.79 1.74 1.65 1.57 1.50 1.44 1.39 1.35 1.31 1.27 1.24 1.21 1.19 1.16 1.14
Appendix G
1.7 4.62 2.35 2.27 2.19 2.12 2.05 1.99 1.93 1.83 1.74 1.67 1.60 1.55 1.50 1.45 1.42 1.38 1.35 1.32 1.29 1.27
1.8 4.90 2.59 2.50 2.41 2.34 2.26 2.19 2.13 2.02 1.92 1.84 1.77 1.71 1.65 1.60 1.56 1.53 1.49 1.46 1.43 1.41
1.9 5.17 2.84 2.74 2.64 2.56 2.48 2.41 2.33 2.21 2.11 2.02 1.94 1.88 1.82 1.76 1.72 1.68 1.64 1.61 1.57 1.55
2.0 5.44 3.10 2.99 2.88 2.80 2.70 2.63 2.55 2.42 2.31 2.21 2.12 2.05 1.99 1.93 1.88 1.83 1.79 1.76 1.72 1.70

2.1 5.71 3.36 3.25 3.13 3.04 2.94 2.86 2.77 2.63 2.51 2.40 2.31 2.23 2.16 2.10 2.05 2.00 1.95 1.91 1.88 1.85
—
2.2 5.98 3.64 3.52 3.39 3.29 3.18 3.09 3.00 2.85 2.72 2.61 2.51 2.42 2.35 2.28 2.22 2.17 2.12 2.08 2.04 2.01
2.3 6.26 3.93 3.80 3.66 3.55 3.43 3.34 3.24 3.08 2.94 2.82 2.71 2.62 2.54 2.46 2.40 2.35 2.29 2.25 2.20 2.17
2.4 6.53 4.22 4.08 3.93 3.82 3.69 3.59 3.49 3.31 3.16 3.03 2.92 2.82 2.73 2.65 2.59 2.53 2.47 2.42 2.38 2.34
2.5 6.80 4.52 4.38 4.22 4.09 3.96 3.85 3.74 3.55 3.39 3.26 3.13 3.03 2.94 2.85 2.78 2.72 2.66 2.60 2.55 2.52
2.6 7.07 4.84 4.68 4.51 4.38 4.24 4.12 4.00 3.80 3.63 3.49 3.36 3.25 3.15 3.06 2.98 2.91 2.85 2.79 2.74 2.70
2.7 7.34 5.16 4.99 4.81 4.67 4.52 4.40 4.27 4.06 3.88 3.72 3.58 3.47 3.36 3.26 3.19 3.11 3.04 2.98 2.93 2.88
2.8 7.62 5.49 5.31 5.12 4.97 4.81 4.69 4.55 4.33 4.13 3.97 3.82 3.69 3.58 3.48 3.40 3.32 3.24 3.18 3.12 3.07
2.9 7.89 5.83 5.64 5.44 5.28 5.11 4.98 4.83 4.60 4.39 4.22 4.06 3.93 3.81 3.70 3.62 3.53 3.45 3.39 3.32 3.27
3.0 8.16 6.17 5.98 5.76 5.60 5.42 5.28 5.13 4.88 4.66 4.47 4.31 4.17 4.04 3.93 3.84 3.75 3.66 3.59 3.53 3.48
3.1 8.43 6.53 6.32 6.10 5.92 5.74 5.59 5.42 5.16 4.93 4.74 4.56 4.42 4.28 4.16 4.07 3.97 3.88 3.81 3.74 3.68

3.2 8.70 6.89 6.68 6.44 6.26 6.06 5.90 5.73 5.45 5.22 5.01 4.83 4.67 4.53 4.40 4.30 4.20 4.11 4.03 3.95 3.90
3.3 8.98 7.27 7.04 6.79 6.60 6.39 6.22 6.05 5.75 5.50 5.29 5.09 4.93 4.78 4.65 4.54 4.44 4.34 4.26 4.18 4.12
3.4 9.25 7.65 7.41 7.15 6.95 6.73 6.55 6.37 6.06 5.80 5.57 5.37 5.20 5.04 4.90 4.79 4.68 4.57 4.49 4.40 4.34
3.5 9.52 8.04 7.78 7.51 7.30 7.08 6.89 6.70 6.38 6.10 5.86 5.65 5.47 5.31 5.16 5.04 4.92 4.81 4.73 4.64 4.57
3.6 9.79 8.43 8.17 7.89 7.67 7.43 7.24 7.03 6.70 6.41 6.15 5.93 5.75 5.58 5.42 5.30 5.17 5.06 4.97 4.87 4.81
3.7 10.06 8.84 8.56 8.27 8.04 7.79 7.59 7.37 7.02 6.72 6.46 6.23 6.03 5.85 5.69 5.56 5.43 5.31 5.22 5.12 5.05
3.8 10.34 9.25 8.97 8.66 8.42 8.16 7.95 7.72 7.36 7.04 6.77 6.53 6.32 6.13 5.96 5.83 5.69 5.57 5.47 5.37 5.29
3.9 10.61 9.68 9.38 9.05 8.80 8.53 8.31 8.08 7.70 7.37 7.08 6.83 6.61 6.42 6.24 6.10 5.96 5.83 5.73 5.62 5.54
4.0 10.88 10.11 9.79 9.46 9.20 8.92 8.69 8.44 8.05 7.70 7.40 7.14 6.92 6.71 6.53 6.38 6.24 6.10 5.99 5.88 5.80
4.1 11.15 10.55 10.22 9.87 9.60 9.31 9.07 8.81 8.40 8.04 7.73 7.46 7.22 7.01 6.82 6.67 6.52 6.38 6.26 6.14 6.06
4.2 11.42 10.99 10.65 10.29 10.01 9.70 9.46 9.19 8.76 8.39 8.07 7.78 7.54 7.32 7.12 6.96 6.80 6.66 6.53 6.41 6.32
4.3 11.70 11.45 11.10 10.72 10.42 10.11 9.85 9.58 9.13 8.74 8.41 8.11 7.86 7.63 7.42 7.26 7.09 6.94 6.81 6.69 6.60
4.4 11.97 11.91 11.54 11.15 10.85 10.52 10.25 9.97 9.50 9.10 8.75 8.45 8.18 7.95 7.73 7.56 7.39 7.23 7.10 6.97 6.87
4.5 12.24 12.38 12.00 11.59 11.28 10.94 10.66 10.37 9.89 9.47 9.11 8.79 8.51 8.27 8.04 7.86 7.69 7.52 7.39 7.25 7.15
4.6 12.51 12.86 12.46 12.04 11.72 11.36 11.08 10.77 10.27 9.84 9.46 9.13 8.85 8.60 8.36 8.18 7.99 7.82 7.68 7.54 7.44
4.7 12.78 13.34 12.94 12.50 12.16 11.80 11.50 11.18 10.67 10.22 9.83 9.49 9.19 8.93 8.69 8.50 8.31 8.13 7.98 7.84 7.73
4.8 13.06 13.83 13.42 12.97 12.61 12.24 11.93 11.60 11.07 10.60 10.20 9.85 9.54 9.27 9.02 8.82 8.62 8.44 8.29 8.14 8.03
279
280
4.9 13.33 14.33 13.90 13.44 13.07 12.68 12.37 12.03 11.47 10.99 10.58 10.21 9.90 9.61 9.36 9.15 8.94 8.76 8.60 8.44 8.33
5.0 13.60 14.84 14.40 13.92 13.54 13.14 12.81 12.46 11.89 11.39 10.96 10.58 10.26 9.96 9.70 9.48 9.27 9.08 8.91 8.75 8.63
Appendix G
5.1 13.87 15.36 14.90 14.40 14.01 13.60 13.26 12.90 12.31 11.79 11.35 10.96 10.62 10.32 10.04 9.82 9.60 9.40 9.23 9.07 8.94
5.2 14.14 15.88 15.41 14.89 14.49 14.06 13.72 13.34 12.73 12.20 11.74 11.34 10.99 10.68 10.40 10.17 9.94 9.73 9.56 9.39 9.26
5.3 14.42 16.41 15.92 15.40 14.98 14.54 14.18 13.79 13.17 12.62 12.15 11.73 11.37 11.05 10.75 10.52 10.29 10.07 9.89 9.71 9.58
5.4 14.69 16.95 16.45 15.90 15.48 15.02 14.65 14.25 13.60 13.04 12.55 12.12 11.75 11.42 11.12 10.87 10.63 10.41 10.23 10.04 9.91
5.5 14.96 17.50 16.98 16.42 15.98 15.51 15.13 14.72 14.05 13.47 12.97 12.52 12.14 11.80 11.49 11.23 10.99 10.76 10.57 10.38 10.24
5.6 15.23 18.05 17.52 16.94 16.49 16.00 15.61 15.19 14.50 13.90 13.38 12.93 12.53 12.18 11.86 11.60 11.35 11.11 10.91 10.72 10.57
5.7 15.50 18.62 18.06 17.47 17.00 16.51 16.10 15.67 14.96 14.34 13.81 13.34 12.93 12.57 12.24 11.97 11.71 11.47 11.26 11.06 10.91
5.8 15.78 19.18 18.62 18.01 17.53 17.01 16.60 16.15 15.42 14.79 14.24 13.75 13.34 12.96 12.62 12.35 12.08 11.83 11.62 11.41 11.26
5.9 16.05 19.76 19.18 18.55 18.06 17.53 17.10 16.64 15.89 15.24 14.67 14.18 13.75 13.36 13.01 12.73 12.45 12.19 11.98 11.77 11.61
6.0 16.32 20.34 19.74 19.10 18.59 18.05 17.61 17.14 16.37 15.70 15.12 14.60 14.16 13.77 13.41 13.12 12.83 12.57 12.35 12.13 11.96
6.1 16.59 20.93 20.32 19.66 19.14 18.58 18.13 17.64 16.85 16.16 15.56 15.04 14.59 14.18 13.81 13.51 13.21 12.94 12.72 12.49 12.32
6.2 16.86 21.53 20.90 20.22 19.69 19.11 18.65 18.15 17.34 16.63 16.02 15.48 15.01 14.60 14.21 13.91 13.60 13.32 13.09 12.86 12.69
6.3 17.13 22.14 21.49 20.79 20.24 19.66 19.18 18.67 17.83 17.11 16.48 15.92 15.45 15.02 14.62 14.31 14.00 13.71 13.47 13.23 13.06
6.4 17.41 22.75 22.09 21.37 20.81 20.21 19.72 19.19 18.33 17.59 16.94 16.37 15.88 15.44 15.04 14.72 14.40 14.10 13.86 13.61 13.43
6.5 17.68 23.37 22.69 21.95 21.38 20.76 20.26 19.72 18.84 18.08 17.41 16.83 16.33 15.87 15.46 15.13 14.80 14.50 14.25 14.00 13.81
6.6 17.95 24.00 23.30 22.55 21.96 21.32 20.81 20.26 19.35 18.57 17.89 17.29 16.77 16.31 15.89 15.55 15.21 14.90 14.64 14.38 14.19
6.7 18.22 24.63 23.92 23.14 22.54 21.89 21.36 20.80 19.87 19.07 18.37 17.76 17.23 16.75 16.32 15.97 15.62 15.31 15.04 14.78 14.58
6.8 18.49 25.27 24.54 23.75 23.13 22.46 21.92 21.35 20.40 19.58 18.86 18.23 17.69 17.20 16.76 16.40 16.04 15.72 15.45 15.18 14.98
6.9 18.77 25.92 25.17 24.36 23.73 23.05 22.49 21.90 20.93 20.09 19.35 18.71 18.15 17.65 17.20 16.83 16.47 16.13 15.85 15.58 15.37
7.0 19.04 26.58 25.81 24.98 24.33 23.63 23.07 22.46 21.47 20.60 19.85 19.19 18.62 18.11 17.64 17.27 16.90 16.55 16.27 15.99 15.78
7.1 19.31 27.24 26.46 25.61 24.94 24.23 23.65 23.03 22.01 21.13 20.36 19.68 19.10 18.57 18.10 17.71 17.33 16.98 16.69 16.40 16.18
7.2 19.58 27.91 27.11 26.24 25.56 24.83 24.24 23.60 22.56 21.65 20.87 20.17 19.58 19.04 18.55 18.16 17.77 17.41 17.11 16.81 16.59
7.3 19.85 28.59 27.77 26.88 26.18 25.44 24.83 24.18 23.11 22.19 21.38 20.67 20.06 19.52 19.01 18.61 18.21 17.85 17.54 17.24 17.01
7.4 20.13 29.27 28.43 27.52 26.81 26.05 25.43 24.76 23.67 22.73 21.91 21.18 20.56 20.00 19.48 19.07 18.66 18.29 17.97 17.66 17.43
7.5 20.40 29.96 29.10 28.18 27.45 26.67 26.03 25.35 24.24 23.27 22.43 21.69 21.05 20.48 19.95 19.53 19.12 18.73 18.41 18.09 17.86

7.6 20.67 30.66 29.78 28.84 28.09 27.30 26.65 25.95 24.81 23.83 22.96 22.20 21.55 20.97 20.43 20.00 19.57 19.18 18.85 18.53 18.29
—
7.7 20.94 31.37 30.47 29.50 28.74 27.93 27.27 26.56 25.39 24.38 23.50 22.73 22.06 21.46 20.91 20.47 20.04 19.64 19.30 18.97 18.72
7.8 21.21 32.08 31.16 30.17 29.40 28.57 27.89 27.17 25.98 24.94 24.05 23.25 22.57 21.96 21.40 20.95 20.51 20.10 19.75 19.41 19.16
7.9 21.49 32.80 31.86 30.85 30.06 29.21 28.52 27.78 26.57 25.51 24.60 23.79 23.09 22.47 21.89 21.43 20.98 20.56 20.21 19.86 19.60
8.0 21.76 33.53 32.57 31.54 30.73 29.86 29.16 28.40 27.16 26.09 25.15 24.32 23.61 22.98 22.39 21.92 21.46 21.03 20.67 20.32 20.05
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1.5 4.08 2.25 2.15 2.05 1.97 1.88 1.82 1.75 1.64 1.55 1.47 1.40 1.34 1.29 1.25 1.21 1.18 1.14 1.12 1.09 1.07
1.6 4.35 2.51 2.40 2.28 2.19 2.10 2.03 1.95 1.83 1.73 1.64 1.57 1.50 1.45 1.40 1.35 1.32 1.28 1.25 1.22 1.20
Appendix G
1.7 4.62 2.77 2.65 2.52 2.43 2.33 2.25 2.16 2.03 1.92 1.82 1.74 1.67 1.61 1.55 1.50 1.46 1.42 1.39 1.36 1.34
1.8 4.90 3.05 2.92 2.78 2.67 2.56 2.48 2.38 2.24 2.11 2.01 1.92 1.84 1.77 1.71 1.66 1.62 1.57 1.54 1.50 1.48
1.9 5.17 3.34 3.20 3.04 2.93 2.81 2.71 2.61 2.45 2.32 2.20 2.11 2.02 1.95 1.88 1.83 1.78 1.73 1.69 1.65 1.63
2.0 5.44 3.64 3.48 3.32 3.20 3.06 2.96 2.85 2.68 2.53 2.41 2.30 2.21 2.13 2.06 2.00 1.95 1.89 1.85 1.81 1.78

2.1 5.71 3.94 3.78 3.60 3.47 3.33 3.22 3.10 2.91 2.75 2.62 2.51 2.40 2.32 2.24 2.17 2.12 2.06 2.02 1.97 1.94
—
2.2 5.98 4.26 4.09 3.90 3.75 3.60 3.48 3.36 3.15 2.98 2.84 2.72 2.61 2.51 2.43 2.36 2.30 2.24 2.19 2.14 2.10
2.3 6.26 4.59 4.41 4.20 4.05 3.88 3.76 3.62 3.40 3.22 3.07 2.93 2.82 2.72 2.63 2.55 2.48 2.42 2.37 2.32 2.28
2.4 6.53 4.93 4.73 4.51 4.35 4.17 4.04 3.89 3.66 3.47 3.30 3.16 3.03 2.92 2.83 2.75 2.68 2.61 2.55 2.50 2.45
2.5 6.80 5.29 5.07 4.84 4.66 4.47 4.33 4.18 3.93 3.72 3.54 3.39 3.26 3.14 3.04 2.95 2.88 2.80 2.74 2.68 2.64
2.6 7.07 5.65 5.42 5.17 4.98 4.78 4.63 4.47 4.20 3.98 3.79 3.63 3.49 3.36 3.25 3.16 3.08 3.00 2.94 2.87 2.82
2.7 7.34 6.02 5.77 5.51 5.31 5.10 4.94 4.76 4.48 4.25 4.05 3.87 3.72 3.59 3.48 3.38 3.29 3.21 3.14 3.07 3.02
2.8 7.62 6.40 6.14 5.86 5.65 5.43 5.26 5.07 4.77 4.52 4.31 4.13 3.97 3.83 3.70 3.60 3.51 3.42 3.35 3.28 3.22
2.9 7.89 6.79 6.51 6.22 6.00 5.76 5.58 5.39 5.07 4.80 4.58 4.39 4.22 4.07 3.94 3.83 3.73 3.64 3.57 3.49 3.43
3.0 8.16 7.19 6.90 6.59 6.36 6.11 5.92 5.71 5.38 5.10 4.86 4.65 4.47 4.32 4.18 4.06 3.96 3.86 3.79 3.70 3.64
3.1 8.43 7.60 7.29 6.97 6.72 6.46 6.26 6.04 5.69 5.39 5.14 4.93 4.74 4.57 4.43 4.30 4.20 4.09 4.01 3.92 3.86

3.2 8.70 8.01 7.70 7.35 7.10 6.82 6.61 6.38 6.01 5.70 5.44 5.21 5.01 4.84 4.68 4.55 4.44 4.33 4.24 4.15 4.08
3.3 8.98 8.44 8.11 7.75 7.48 7.19 6.97 6.73 6.34 6.01 5.73 5.50 5.28 5.10 4.94 4.81 4.69 4.57 4.48 4.38 4.31
3.4 9.25 8.88 8.53 8.15 7.87 7.57 7.33 7.08 6.67 6.33 6.04 5.79 5.57 5.38 5.21 5.06 4.94 4.82 4.72 4.62 4.54
3.5 9.52 9.33 8.96 8.57 8.27 7.95 7.71 7.44 7.02 6.66 6.35 6.09 5.86 5.66 5.48 5.33 5.20 5.07 4.97 4.86 4.78
3.6 9.79 9.78 9.40 8.99 8.68 8.35 8.09 7.81 7.37 6.99 6.67 6.40 6.15 5.95 5.76 5.60 5.46 5.33 5.23 5.11 5.03
3.7 10.06 10.25 9.85 9.42 9.10 8.75 8.48 8.19 7.73 7.33 7.00 6.71 6.46 6.24 6.04 5.88 5.74 5.59 5.49 5.36 5.28
3.8 10.34 10.72 10.31 9.86 9.52 9.16 8.88 8.58 8.09 7.68 7.33 7.03 6.77 6.54 6.33 6.16 6.01 5.86 5.75 5.62 5.53
3.9 10.61 11.21 10.78 10.31 9.96 9.58 9.28 8.97 8.46 8.03 7.67 7.36 7.08 6.84 6.63 6.45 6.29 6.14 6.02 5.89 5.79
4.0 10.88 11.70 11.25 10.76 10.40 10.00 9.70 9.37 8.84 8.40 8.02 7.69 7.40 7.16 6.93 6.75 6.58 6.42 6.30 6.16 6.06
4.1 11.15 12.20 11.74 11.23 10.85 10.44 10.12 9.78 9.23 8.77 8.37 8.03 7.73 7.47 7.24 7.05 6.88 6.71 6.58 6.44 6.33
4.2 11.42 12.71 12.23 11.70 11.30 10.88 10.55 10.20 9.63 9.14 8.73 8.38 8.07 7.80 7.56 7.35 7.18 7.00 6.87 6.72 6.61
4.3 11.70 13.23 12.73 12.18 11.77 11.33 10.99 10.62 10.03 9.52 9.10 8.73 8.41 8.13 7.88 7.66 7.48 7.30 7.16 7.01 6.89
4.4 11.97 13.76 13.24 12.67 12.25 11.79 11.43 11.05 10.44 9.91 9.47 9.09 8.75 8.46 8.20 7.98 7.79 7.60 7.46 7.30 7.18
4.5 12.24 14.30 13.76 13.17 12.73 12.25 11.88 11.49 10.85 10.31 9.85 9.46 9.11 8.80 8.54 8.31 8.11 7.91 7.76 7.60 7.47
4.6 12.51 14.84 14.28 13.67 13.22 12.72 12.34 11.94 11.27 10.71 10.24 9.83 9.46 9.15 8.87 8.64 8.43 8.22 8.07 7.90 7.77
4.7 12.78 15.40 14.82 14.19 13.72 13.20 12.81 12.39 11.70 11.12 10.63 10.21 9.83 9.51 9.22 8.97 8.76 8.54 8.39 8.21 8.07
4.8 13.06 15.96 15.36 14.71 14.22 13.69 13.29 12.85 12.14 11.54 11.03 10.59 10.20 9.87 9.57 9.31 9.09 8.87 8.70 8.52 8.38
281
282
4.9 13.33 16.53 15.92 15.24 14.74 14.19 13.77 13.32 12.58 11.96 11.44 10.98 10.58 10.23 9.92 9.66 9.43 9.20 9.03 8.84 8.70
5.0 13.60 17.12 16.48 15.78 15.26 14.69 14.26 13.79 13.03 12.39 11.85 11.38 10.96 10.60 10.28 10.01 9.77 9.54 9.36 9.16 9.02
Appendix G
5.1 13.87 17.70 17.04 16.33 15.79 15.20 14.76 14.27 13.49 12.83 12.27 11.78 11.35 10.98 10.65 10.37 10.12 9.88 9.70 9.49 9.34
5.2 14.14 18.30 17.62 16.88 16.32 15.72 15.26 14.76 13.96 13.27 12.69 12.19 11.74 11.36 11.02 10.73 10.48 10.22 10.04 9.82 9.67
5.3 14.42 18.91 18.21 17.44 16.87 16.25 15.77 15.26 14.43 13.72 13.12 12.61 12.15 11.75 11.40 11.10 10.84 10.58 10.38 10.16 10.00
5.4 14.69 19.52 18.80 18.01 17.42 16.78 16.29 15.76 14.90 14.18 13.56 13.03 12.55 12.15 11.78 11.47 11.20 10.93 10.73 10.51 10.34
5.5 14.96 20.15 19.40 18.59 17.98 17.32 16.82 16.27 15.39 14.64 14.00 13.45 12.96 12.55 12.17 11.85 11.57 11.30 11.09 10.86 10.69
5.6 15.23 20.78 20.01 19.18 18.55 17.87 17.35 16.79 15.88 15.11 14.45 13.89 13.38 12.95 12.56 12.24 11.95 11.67 11.45 11.21 11.04
5.7 15.50 21.42 20.63 19.77 19.13 18.43 17.89 17.32 16.38 15.58 14.91 14.33 13.81 13.36 12.96 12.63 12.33 12.04 11.82 11.57 11.39
5.8 15.78 22.06 21.25 20.37 19.71 18.99 18.44 17.85 16.88 16.06 15.37 14.77 14.24 13.78 13.37 13.02 12.72 12.42 12.19 11.94 11.75
5.9 16.05 22.72 21.89 20.98 20.30 19.56 19.00 18.39 17.39 16.55 15.84 15.22 14.67 14.20 13.78 13.42 13.11 12.80 12.57 12.31 12.11
6.0 16.32 23.38 22.53 21.60 20.90 20.14 19.56 18.93 17.91 17.05 16.32 15.68 15.12 14.63 14.20 13.83 13.51 13.19 12.95 12.68 12.48
6.1 16.59 24.06 23.18 22.22 21.51 20.73 20.13 19.48 18.44 17.55 16.80 16.14 15.56 15.07 14.62 14.24 13.91 13.58 13.34 13.06 12.86
6.2 16.86 24.74 23.84 22.85 22.12 21.32 20.71 20.04 18.97 18.06 17.28 16.61 16.02 15.51 15.05 14.66 14.32 13.98 13.73 13.45 13.24
6.3 17.13 25.43 24.50 23.49 22.74 21.92 21.29 20.61 19.51 18.57 17.78 17.09 16.48 15.95 15.48 15.08 14.74 14.39 14.13 13.84 13.62
6.4 17.41 26.12 25.18 24.14 23.37 22.53 21.88 21.18 20.05 19.09 18.28 17.57 16.94 16.40 15.92 15.51 15.15 14.80 14.53 14.23 14.01
6.5 17.68 26.83 25.86 24.80 24.00 23.14 22.48 21.76 20.60 19.62 18.78 18.06 17.41 16.86 16.36 15.94 15.58 15.21 14.94 14.63 14.40
6.6 17.95 27.54 26.55 25.46 24.65 23.76 23.08 22.35 21.16 20.15 19.29 18.55 17.89 17.32 16.81 16.38 16.01 15.63 15.35 15.03 14.80
6.7 18.22 28.26 27.24 26.13 25.30 24.39 23.70 22.94 21.72 20.69 19.81 19.05 18.37 17.79 17.27 16.83 16.44 16.06 15.77 15.44 15.21
6.8 18.49 28.99 27.95 26.81 25.95 25.03 24.31 23.54 22.30 21.23 20.33 19.55 18.86 18.26 17.73 17.28 16.88 16.49 16.19 15.86 15.62
6.9 18.77 29.73 28.66 27.49 26.62 25.67 24.94 24.15 22.87 21.78 20.86 20.06 19.35 18.74 18.20 17.73 17.33 16.92 16.62 16.28 16.03
7.0 19.04 30.47 29.38 28.19 27.29 26.32 25.57 24.77 23.46 22.34 21.40 20.58 19.85 19.23 18.67 18.19 17.78 17.36 17.05 16.70 16.45
7.1 19.31 31.23 30.11 28.89 27.97 26.98 26.21 25.39 24.05 22.91 21.94 21.10 20.36 19.72 19.14 18.65 18.23 17.81 17.49 17.13 16.87
7.2 19.58 31.99 30.84 29.59 28.66 27.64 26.86 26.01 24.64 23.48 22.49 21.63 20.87 20.21 19.62 19.12 18.69 18.26 17.93 17.57 17.30
7.3 19.85 32.76 31.59 30.31 29.35 28.31 27.51 26.65 25.25 24.05 23.04 22.16 21.38 20.71 20.11 19.60 19.16 18.71 18.38 18.01 17.73
7.4 20.13 33.53 32.34 31.03 30.05 28.99 28.17 27.29 25.85 24.63 23.60 22.70 21.90 21.22 20.60 20.08 19.63 19.17 18.83 18.45 18.17
7.5 20.40 34.32 33.10 31.76 30.76 29.68 28.84 27.94 26.47 25.22 24.17 23.25 22.43 21.73 21.10 20.57 20.10 19.64 19.29 18.90 18.61

7.6 20.67 35.11 33.86 32.50 31.48 30.37 29.51 28.59 27.09 25.82 24.74 23.80 22.96 22.25 21.60 21.06 20.58 20.11 19.75 19.35 19.06
—
7.7 20.94 35.91 34.64 33.24 32.20 31.07 30.19 29.25 27.72 26.42 25.31 24.36 23.50 22.77 22.11 21.55 21.07 20.58 20.22 19.81 19.51
7.8 21.21 36.72 35.42 33.99 32.93 31.77 30.88 29.92 28.35 27.02 25.90 24.92 24.05 23.30 22.63 22.06 21.56 21.06 20.69 20.27 19.97
7.9 21.49 37.53 36.20 34.75 33.67 32.48 31.57 30.59 29.00 27.64 26.49 25.49 24.60 23.83 23.15 22.56 22.06 21.55 21.17 20.74 20.43
8.0 21.76 38.36 37.00 35.52 34.41 33.20 32.28 31.27 29.64 28.25 27.08 26.06 25.15 24.37 23.67 23.07 22.56 22.04 21.65 21.21 20.89
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1.5 4.08 2.58 2.46 2.33 2.23 2.12 2.04 1.96 1.82 1.71 1.61 1.53 1.46 1.40 1.35 1.30 1.26 1.22 1.19 1.16 1.13
1.6 4.35 2.86 2.73 2.59 2.48 2.37 2.28 2.18 2.03 1.91 1.80 1.71 1.63 1.57 1.51 1.45 1.41 1.37 1.33 1.30 1.27
Appendix G
1.7 4.62 3.16 3.02 2.86 2.74 2.62 2.52 2.42 2.25 2.11 2.00 1.90 1.81 1.74 1.67 1.62 1.56 1.52 1.48 1.44 1.41
1.8 4.90 3.48 3.32 3.15 3.02 2.88 2.78 2.66 2.48 2.33 2.20 2.09 2.00 1.92 1.85 1.78 1.73 1.68 1.63 1.59 1.56
1.9 5.17 3.80 3.63 3.44 3.30 3.15 3.04 2.92 2.72 2.56 2.42 2.30 2.20 2.11 2.03 1.96 1.90 1.84 1.79 1.75 1.71
2.0 5.44 4.14 3.95 3.75 3.60 3.44 3.31 3.18 2.97 2.79 2.64 2.51 2.40 2.30 2.22 2.14 2.08 2.02 1.96 1.92 1.87

2.1 5.71 4.49 4.29 4.07 3.91 3.73 3.60 3.45 3.22 3.03 2.87 2.73 2.61 2.50 2.41 2.33 2.26 2.19 2.14 2.09 2.04
—
2.2 5.98 4.85 4.63 4.40 4.22 4.03 3.89 3.74 3.49 3.28 3.11 2.96 2.83 2.71 2.61 2.53 2.45 2.38 2.32 2.26 2.21
2.3 6.26 5.22 4.99 4.74 4.55 4.35 4.19 4.03 3.76 3.54 3.35 3.19 3.05 2.93 2.82 2.73 2.65 2.57 2.50 2.45 2.39
2.4 6.53 5.60 5.35 5.09 4.89 4.67 4.51 4.33 4.05 3.81 3.61 3.44 3.29 3.16 3.04 2.94 2.85 2.77 2.70 2.64 2.58
2.5 6.80 5.99 5.73 5.45 5.23 5.01 4.83 4.64 4.34 4.09 3.87 3.69 3.53 3.39 3.27 3.16 3.06 2.98 2.90 2.83 2.77
2.6 7.07 6.40 6.12 5.82 5.59 5.35 5.16 4.96 4.64 4.37 4.14 3.94 3.77 3.63 3.50 3.38 3.28 3.19 3.11 3.04 2.97
2.7 7.34 6.81 6.52 6.20 5.96 5.70 5.50 5.29 4.95 4.66 4.42 4.21 4.03 3.87 3.73 3.61 3.51 3.41 3.32 3.24 3.17
2.8 7.62 7.24 6.93 6.59 6.34 6.06 5.85 5.63 5.27 4.96 4.70 4.48 4.29 4.13 3.98 3.85 3.74 3.63 3.54 3.46 3.38
2.9 7.89 7.68 7.35 6.99 6.72 6.43 6.21 5.97 5.59 5.27 5.00 4.76 4.56 4.39 4.23 4.09 3.97 3.86 3.76 3.68 3.60
3.0 8.16 8.12 7.78 7.40 7.12 6.81 6.58 6.33 5.93 5.59 5.30 5.05 4.84 4.65 4.49 4.34 4.22 4.10 3.99 3.91 3.82
3.1 8.43 8.58 8.22 7.82 7.52 7.20 6.96 6.69 6.27 5.91 5.61 5.35 5.12 4.93 4.75 4.60 4.47 4.34 4.23 4.14 4.05

3.2 8.70 9.05 8.67 8.25 7.94 7.60 7.34 7.07 6.62 6.24 5.92 5.65 5.41 5.21 5.02 4.86 4.72 4.59 4.47 4.38 4.28
3.3 8.98 9.53 9.13 8.69 8.36 8.01 7.74 7.45 6.98 6.58 6.25 5.96 5.71 5.49 5.30 5.13 4.98 4.85 4.72 4.62 4.52
3.4 9.25 10.02 9.60 9.14 8.80 8.43 8.14 7.84 7.35 6.93 6.58 6.28 6.02 5.79 5.59 5.41 5.25 5.11 4.98 4.87 4.77
3.5 9.52 10.52 10.08 9.60 9.24 8.85 8.56 8.24 7.72 7.29 6.92 6.60 6.33 6.09 5.88 5.69 5.53 5.38 5.24 5.13 5.02
3.6 9.79 11.03 10.57 10.07 9.69 9.29 8.98 8.64 8.11 7.65 7.26 6.93 6.65 6.40 6.17 5.98 5.81 5.65 5.51 5.39 5.27
3.7 10.06 11.55 11.07 10.55 10.16 9.73 9.41 9.06 8.50 8.02 7.62 7.27 6.97 6.71 6.48 6.27 6.10 5.93 5.78 5.66 5.54
3.8 10.34 12.08 11.58 11.03 10.63 10.18 9.85 9.48 8.90 8.40 7.98 7.62 7.30 7.03 6.79 6.57 6.39 6.21 6.06 5.93 5.80
3.9 10.61 12.62 12.10 11.53 11.11 10.65 10.29 9.91 9.30 8.79 8.35 7.97 7.64 7.36 7.10 6.88 6.69 6.51 6.34 6.21 6.08
4.0 10.88 13.17 12.63 12.04 11.59 11.12 10.75 10.35 9.72 9.18 8.72 8.33 7.99 7.69 7.43 7.19 6.99 6.80 6.63 6.49 6.36
4.1 11.15 13.73 13.16 12.55 12.09 11.59 11.21 10.80 10.14 9.58 9.10 8.70 8.34 8.03 7.75 7.51 7.30 7.11 6.93 6.78 6.64
4.2 11.42 14.30 13.71 13.08 12.60 12.08 11.69 11.26 10.57 9.99 9.49 9.07 8.70 8.38 8.09 7.84 7.62 7.41 7.23 7.08 6.93
4.3 11.70 14.87 14.27 13.61 13.11 12.58 12.17 11.72 11.01 10.40 9.89 9.45 9.06 8.73 8.43 8.17 7.94 7.73 7.54 7.38 7.22
4.4 11.97 15.46 14.84 14.15 13.64 13.08 12.66 12.20 11.46 10.83 10.29 9.83 9.44 9.09 8.78 8.51 8.27 8.05 7.85 7.69 7.53
4.5 12.24 16.06 15.41 14.70 14.17 13.59 13.15 12.68 11.91 11.26 10.70 10.23 9.81 9.45 9.13 8.85 8.61 8.38 8.17 8.00 7.83
4.6 12.51 16.67 16.00 15.26 14.71 14.12 13.66 13.16 12.37 11.69 11.12 10.63 10.20 9.82 9.49 9.20 8.95 8.71 8.49 8.32 8.14
4.7 12.78 17.29 16.59 15.83 15.26 14.65 14.17 13.66 12.84 12.14 11.54 11.03 10.59 10.20 9.86 9.56 9.29 9.05 8.82 8.64 8.46
283
284
4.8 13.06 17.91 17.19 16.41 15.82 15.18 14.69 14.16 13.31 12.59 11.98 11.45 10.99 10.59 10.23 9.92 9.64 9.39 9.16 8.97 8.78
4.9 13.33 18.55 17.81 17.00 16.39 15.73 15.22 14.68 13.80 13.05 12.41 11.87 11.39 10.98 10.61 10.29 10.00 9.74 9.50 9.30 9.11
Appendix G
5.0 13.60 19.20 18.43 17.59 16.96 16.28 15.76 15.20 14.29 13.52 12.86 12.29 11.80 11.37 10.99 10.66 10.37 10.09 9.85 9.64 9.44
5.1 13.87 19.85 19.06 18.20 17.55 16.85 16.31 15.72 14.79 13.99 13.31 12.73 12.22 11.78 11.38 11.04 10.73 10.45 10.20 9.99 9.78
5.2 14.14 20.51 19.70 18.81 18.14 17.42 16.86 16.26 15.29 14.47 13.77 13.17 12.64 12.18 11.78 11.42 11.11 10.82 10.55 10.34 10.13
5.3 14.42 21.19 20.35 19.43 18.74 18.00 17.42 16.80 15.80 14.96 14.23 13.61 13.07 12.60 12.18 11.81 11.49 11.19 10.92 10.69 10.47
5.4 14.69 21.87 21.01 20.06 19.35 18.58 17.99 17.35 16.32 15.45 14.70 14.07 13.51 13.02 12.59 12.21 11.88 11.57 11.29 11.05 10.83
5.5 14.96 22.56 21.67 20.70 19.97 19.18 18.57 17.91 16.85 15.95 15.18 14.52 13.95 13.45 13.00 12.61 12.27 11.95 11.66 11.42 11.19
5.6 15.23 23.26 22.35 21.35 20.60 19.78 19.15 18.48 17.39 16.46 15.67 14.99 14.40 13.88 13.42 13.02 12.67 12.34 12.04 11.79 11.55
5.7 15.50 23.97 23.03 22.00 21.23 20.39 19.75 19.05 17.93 16.97 16.16 15.46 14.85 14.32 13.85 13.43 13.07 12.73 12.42 12.17 11.92
5.8 15.78 24.69 23.72 22.67 21.87 21.01 20.35 19.63 18.48 17.50 16.66 15.94 15.31 14.76 14.28 13.85 13.48 13.13 12.81 12.55 12.30
5.9 16.05 25.42 24.43 23.34 22.52 21.64 20.96 20.22 19.03 18.02 17.16 16.43 15.78 15.22 14.72 14.28 13.89 13.53 13.21 12.94 12.68
6.0 16.32 26.16 25.14 24.02 23.18 22.27 21.57 20.82 19.60 18.56 17.68 16.92 16.25 15.67 15.16 14.71 14.31 13.94 13.61 13.33 13.06
6.1 16.59 26.90 25.86 24.71 23.85 22.92 22.20 21.42 20.17 19.10 18.19 17.41 16.73 16.14 15.61 15.15 14.74 14.36 14.01 13.73 13.45
6.2 16.86 27.66 26.58 25.41 24.53 23.57 22.83 22.03 20.75 19.65 18.72 17.92 17.22 16.61 16.06 15.59 15.17 14.78 14.42 14.13 13.85
6.3 17.13 28.42 27.32 26.12 25.21 24.22 23.47 22.65 21.33 20.21 19.25 18.43 17.71 17.08 16.52 16.04 15.60 15.20 14.84 14.54 14.25
6.4 17.41 29.20 28.06 26.83 25.90 24.89 24.11 23.28 21.92 20.77 19.79 18.94 18.21 17.56 16.99 16.49 16.05 15.63 15.26 14.96 14.66
6.5 17.68 29.98 28.82 27.55 26.60 25.56 24.77 23.91 22.52 21.34 20.33 19.47 18.71 18.05 17.46 16.95 16.49 16.07 15.69 15.38 15.07
6.6 17.95 30.77 29.58 28.28 27.31 26.25 25.43 24.55 23.13 21.92 20.88 20.00 19.22 18.54 17.94 17.41 16.95 16.51 16.12 15.80 15.48
6.7 18.22 31.57 30.35 29.02 28.02 26.94 26.10 25.20 23.74 22.50 21.44 20.53 19.74 19.04 18.42 17.88 17.41 16.96 16.56 16.23 15.90
6.8 18.49 32.37 31.13 29.77 28.75 27.63 26.78 25.85 24.36 23.09 22.00 21.07 20.26 19.54 18.91 18.36 17.87 17.41 17.00 16.66 16.33
6.9 18.77 33.19 31.92 30.53 29.48 28.34 27.46 26.52 24.99 23.69 22.57 21.62 20.78 20.05 19.41 18.84 18.34 17.87 17.45 17.10 16.76
7.0 19.04 34.02 32.71 31.29 30.22 29.05 28.15 27.19 25.62 24.29 23.15 22.17 21.32 20.57 19.91 19.33 18.81 18.33 17.90 17.55 17.20
7.1 19.31 34.85 33.52 32.06 30.96 29.77 28.85 27.86 26.26 24.90 23.73 22.73 21.86 21.09 20.41 19.82 19.29 18.80 18.36 18.00 17.64
7.2 19.58 35.69 34.33 32.84 31.72 30.50 29.56 28.55 26.91 25.51 24.32 23.30 22.40 21.62 20.93 20.32 19.78 19.28 18.82 18.45 18.08
7.3 19.85 36.54 35.15 33.63 32.48 31.23 30.28 29.24 27.56 26.14 24.92 23.87 22.96 22.15 21.44 20.82 20.27 19.76 19.29 18.91 18.54
7.4 20.13 37.40 35.98 34.42 33.25 31.98 31.00 29.94 28.23 26.77 25.52 24.45 23.51 22.69 21.97 21.33 20.76 20.24 19.77 19.38 18.99

7.5 20.40 38.27 36.82 35.23 34.03 32.73 31.73 30.64 28.89 27.40 26.13 25.03 24.08 23.24 22.49 21.84 21.27 20.73 20.24 19.85 19.45
—
7.6 20.67 39.15 37.66 36.04 34.82 33.49 32.46 31.36 29.57 28.04 26.74 25.62 24.64 23.79 23.03 22.36 21.77 21.22 20.73 20.32 19.92
7.7 20.94 40.03 38.52 36.86 35.61 34.25 33.21 32.08 30.25 28.69 27.36 26.22 25.22 24.34 23.57 22.89 22.28 21.72 21.22 20.80 20.39
7.8 21.21 40.92 39.38 37.69 36.41 35.02 33.96 32.80 30.94 29.35 27.99 26.82 25.80 24.91 24.11 23.42 22.80 22.23 21.71 21.28 20.87
7.9 21.49 41.83 40.25 38.52 37.22 35.80 34.72 33.54 31.63 30.01 28.62 27.43 26.39 25.47 24.66 23.95 23.32 22.74 22.21 21.77 21.35
8.0 21.76 42.74 41.13 39.37 38.04 36.59 35.48 34.28 32.34 30.68 29.26 28.04 26.98 26.05 25.22 24.49 23.85 23.25 22.71 22.27 21.83
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1.5 5.68 1.13 1.08 1.01 1.00 0.98 0.96 0.94 0.91 0.89 0.86 0.84 0.82 0.81 0.79 0.78 0.76 0.75 0.74 0.73 0.72
1.6 6.06 1.26 1.20 1.14 1.11 1.09 1.07 1.05 1.02 0.99 0.97 0.94 0.92 0.90 0.89 0.87 0.86 0.84 0.83 0.82 0.81
Appendix G
1.7 6.44 1.40 1.34 1.26 1.24 1.21 1.19 1.17 1.14 1.10 1.08 1.05 1.03 1.01 0.99 0.97 0.95 0.94 0.92 0.91 0.90
1.8 6.82 1.55 1.48 1.39 1.37 1.34 1.32 1.30 1.26 1.22 1.19 1.16 1.14 1.11 1.09 1.07 1.05 1.04 1.02 1.01 1.00
1.9 7.20 1.70 1.62 1.53 1.50 1.47 1.45 1.42 1.38 1.34 1.31 1.28 1.25 1.22 1.20 1.18 1.16 1.14 1.13 1.11 1.10
2.0 7.58 1.86 1.77 1.68 1.64 1.61 1.59 1.56 1.51 1.47 1.43 1.40 1.37 1.34 1.32 1.29 1.27 1.25 1.23 1.22 1.20

2.1 7.96 2.02 1.93 1.82 1.79 1.76 1.73 1.70 1.65 1.60 1.56 1.52 1.49 1.46 1.43 1.41 1.39 1.36 1.35 1.33 1.31
—
2.2 8.34 2.19 2.09 1.98 1.94 1.91 1.88 1.84 1.79 1.74 1.69 1.66 1.62 1.59 1.56 1.53 1.51 1.48 1.46 1.44 1.42
2.3 8.71 2.37 2.26 2.14 2.10 2.06 2.03 1.99 1.93 1.88 1.83 1.79 1.75 1.72 1.69 1.66 1.63 1.60 1.58 1.56 1.54
2.4 9.09 2.55 2.44 2.31 2.26 2.22 2.18 2.15 2.08 2.03 1.98 1.93 1.89 1.85 1.82 1.79 1.76 1.73 1.71 1.68 1.66
2.5 9.47 2.74 2.62 2.48 2.43 2.39 2.35 2.31 2.24 2.18 2.12 2.08 2.03 1.99 1.96 1.92 1.89 1.86 1.84 1.81 1.79
2.6 9.85 2.93 2.80 2.65 2.61 2.56 2.52 2.47 2.40 2.33 2.28 2.23 2.18 2.14 2.10 2.06 2.03 2.00 1.97 1.94 1.92
2.7 10.23 3.13 2.99 2.83 2.78 2.73 2.69 2.64 2.57 2.50 2.43 2.38 2.33 2.28 2.24 2.20 2.17 2.14 2.11 2.08 2.05
2.8 10.61 3.34 3.19 3.02 2.97 2.91 2.87 2.82 2.74 2.66 2.60 2.54 2.48 2.44 2.39 2.35 2.32 2.28 2.25 2.22 2.19
2.9 10.99 3.55 3.39 3.21 3.16 3.10 3.05 3.00 2.91 2.83 2.76 2.70 2.64 2.59 2.55 2.50 2.46 2.43 2.39 2.36 2.33
3.0 11.37 3.76 3.60 3.41 3.35 3.29 3.24 3.18 3.09 3.01 2.93 2.87 2.81 2.76 2.71 2.66 2.62 2.58 2.54 2.51 2.48
3.1 11.75 3.98 3.81 3.61 3.55 3.48 3.43 3.37 3.27 3.19 3.11 3.04 2.98 2.92 2.87 2.82 2.78 2.74 2.70 2.66 2.63

3.2 12.12 4.21 4.03 3.82 3.75 3.68 3.63 3.57 3.46 3.37 3.29 3.22 3.15 3.09 3.04 2.99 2.94 2.90 2.86 2.82 2.79
3.3 12.50 4.45 4.25 4.03 3.96 3.89 3.83 3.77 3.66 3.56 3.48 3.40 3.33 3.27 3.21 3.15 3.11 3.06 3.02 2.98 2.94
3.4 12.88 4.68 4.48 4.25 4.18 4.10 4.04 3.97 3.86 3.76 3.67 3.58 3.51 3.44 3.38 3.33 3.28 3.23 3.18 3.14 3.11
3.5 13.26 4.93 4.72 4.47 4.40 4.32 4.25 4.18 4.06 3.95 3.86 3.77 3.70 3.63 3.56 3.50 3.45 3.40 3.35 3.31 3.27
3.6 13.64 5.18 4.95 4.70 4.62 4.54 4.47 4.39 4.27 4.16 4.06 3.97 3.89 3.81 3.75 3.69 3.63 3.58 3.53 3.48 3.44
3.7 14.02 5.43 5.20 4.93 4.85 4.76 4.69 4.61 4.48 4.36 4.26 4.17 4.08 4.01 3.94 3.87 3.81 3.76 3.71 3.66 3.62
3.8 14.40 5.69 5.45 5.17 5.08 4.99 4.92 4.84 4.70 4.58 4.47 4.37 4.28 4.20 4.13 4.06 4.00 3.94 3.89 3.84 3.79
3.9 14.78 5.96 5.70 5.41 5.32 5.23 5.15 5.06 4.92 4.79 4.68 4.58 4.48 4.40 4.32 4.25 4.19 4.13 4.07 4.02 3.97
4.0 15.16 6.23 5.96 5.66 5.57 5.47 5.38 5.30 5.15 5.01 4.90 4.79 4.69 4.60 4.52 4.45 4.38 4.32 4.26 4.21 4.16
4.1 15.53 6.50 6.23 5.91 5.82 5.71 5.62 5.53 5.38 5.24 5.12 5.00 4.90 4.81 4.73 4.65 4.58 4.52 4.46 4.40 4.35
4.2 15.91 6.79 6.50 6.17 6.07 5.96 5.87 5.78 5.61 5.47 5.34 5.22 5.12 5.02 4.94 4.86 4.78 4.72 4.65 4.60 4.54
4.3 16.29 7.07 6.77 6.43 6.33 6.21 6.12 6.02 5.85 5.70 5.57 5.45 5.34 5.24 5.15 5.07 4.99 4.92 4.86 4.79 4.74
4.4 16.67 7.36 7.05 6.70 6.59 6.47 6.37 6.27 6.10 5.94 5.80 5.68 5.56 5.46 5.37 5.28 5.20 5.13 5.06 5.00 4.94
4.5 17.05 7.66 7.34 6.97 6.86 6.73 6.63 6.53 6.35 6.18 6.04 5.91 5.79 5.69 5.59 5.50 5.42 5.34 5.27 5.20 5.14
4.6 17.43 7.96 7.63 7.25 7.13 7.00 6.90 6.79 6.60 6.43 6.28 6.15 6.02 5.91 5.81 5.72 5.63 5.55 5.48 5.41 5.35
4.7 17.81 8.27 7.92 7.53 7.41 7.27 7.17 7.05 6.86 6.68 6.53 6.39 6.26 6.15 6.04 5.94 5.86 5.77 5.70 5.63 5.56
285
286
4.8 18.19 8.58 8.22 7.82 7.69 7.55 7.44 7.32 7.12 6.94 6.78 6.63 6.50 6.38 6.27 6.17 6.08 6.00 5.92 5.85 5.78
4.9 18.57 8.90 8.53 8.11 7.97 7.83 7.72 7.59 7.38 7.20 7.03 6.88 6.75 6.62 6.51 6.41 6.31 6.22 6.14 6.07 6.00
Appendix G
5.0 18.94 9.22 8.84 8.40 8.26 8.12 8.00 7.87 7.66 7.46 7.29 7.14 6.99 6.87 6.75 6.64 6.55 6.45 6.37 6.29 6.22
5.1 19.32 9.55 9.15 8.70 8.56 8.41 8.28 8.15 7.93 7.73 7.55 7.39 7.25 7.12 7.00 6.88 6.78 6.69 6.60 6.52 6.45
5.2 19.70 9.88 9.47 9.01 8.86 8.70 8.58 8.44 8.21 8.00 7.82 7.65 7.50 7.37 7.24 7.13 7.02 6.93 6.84 6.75 6.68
5.3 20.08 10.22 9.80 9.32 9.16 9.00 8.87 8.73 8.49 8.28 8.09 7.92 7.77 7.62 7.50 7.38 7.27 7.17 7.08 6.99 6.91
5.4 20.46 10.56 10.13 9.63 9.47 9.31 9.17 9.03 8.78 8.56 8.37 8.19 8.03 7.88 7.75 7.63 7.52 7.41 7.32 7.23 7.15
5.5 20.84 10.91 10.46 9.95 9.79 9.62 9.48 9.33 9.07 8.85 8.64 8.46 8.30 8.15 8.01 7.89 7.77 7.66 7.56 7.47 7.39
5.6 21.22 11.26 10.80 10.27 10.11 9.93 9.78 9.63 9.37 9.14 8.93 8.74 8.57 8.42 8.28 8.15 8.03 7.92 7.81 7.72 7.63
5.7 21.60 11.62 11.14 10.60 10.43 10.25 10.10 9.94 9.67 9.43 9.22 9.02 8.85 8.69 8.54 8.41 8.29 8.17 8.07 7.97 7.88
5.8 21.98 11.98 11.49 10.93 10.76 10.57 10.42 10.25 9.98 9.73 9.51 9.31 9.13 8.96 8.82 8.68 8.55 8.43 8.33 8.23 8.13
5.9 22.35 12.35 11.84 11.27 11.09 10.90 10.74 10.57 10.28 10.03 9.80 9.60 9.41 9.24 9.09 8.95 8.82 8.70 8.59 8.48 8.39
6.0 22.73 12.72 12.20 11.61 11.42 11.23 11.06 10.89 10.60 10.34 10.10 9.89 9.70 9.53 9.37 9.22 9.09 8.96 8.85 8.75 8.65
6.1 23.11 13.10 12.56 11.96 11.77 11.56 11.39 11.22 10.92 10.65 10.41 10.19 9.99 9.82 9.65 9.50 9.37 9.24 9.12 9.01 8.91
6.2 23.49 13.48 12.93 12.31 12.11 11.90 11.73 11.55 11.24 10.96 10.71 10.49 10.29 10.11 9.94 9.79 9.64 9.51 9.39 9.28 9.18
6.3 23.87 13.86 13.30 12.66 12.46 12.25 12.07 11.88 11.56 11.28 11.03 10.80 10.59 10.40 10.23 10.07 9.93 9.79 9.67 9.55 9.44
6.4 24.25 14.26 13.68 13.02 12.81 12.59 12.41 12.22 11.89 11.60 11.34 11.11 10.89 10.70 10.52 10.36 10.21 10.07 9.95 9.83 9.72
6.5 24.63 14.65 14.06 13.39 13.17 12.95 12.76 12.56 12.23 11.93 11.66 11.42 11.20 11.00 10.82 10.66 10.50 10.36 10.23 10.11 9.99
6.6 25.01 15.05 14.45 13.76 13.54 13.30 13.11 12.91 12.57 12.26 11.98 11.74 11.51 11.31 11.12 10.95 10.80 10.65 10.52 10.39 10.27
6.7 25.38 15.46 14.84 14.13 13.90 13.67 13.47 13.26 12.91 12.59 12.31 12.06 11.83 11.62 11.43 11.25 11.09 10.94 10.81 10.68 10.56
6.8 25.76 15.87 15.23 14.51 14.27 14.03 13.83 13.62 13.26 12.93 12.64 12.38 12.15 11.93 11.74 11.56 11.39 11.24 11.10 10.97 10.85
6.9 26.14 16.28 15.63 14.89 14.65 14.40 14.19 13.98 13.61 13.28 12.98 12.71 12.47 12.25 12.05 11.87 11.70 11.54 11.40 11.26 11.14
7.0 26.52 16.70 16.04 15.27 15.03 14.78 14.56 14.34 13.96 13.62 13.32 13.05 12.80 12.57 12.37 12.18 12.01 11.84 11.70 11.56 11.43
7.1 26.90 17.13 16.45 15.66 15.42 15.15 14.94 14.71 14.32 13.97 13.66 13.38 13.13 12.90 12.69 12.50 12.32 12.15 12.00 11.86 11.73
7.2 27.28 17.56 16.86 16.06 15.81 15.54 15.32 15.08 14.68 14.33 14.01 13.72 13.46 13.23 13.01 12.82 12.63 12.46 12.31 12.16 12.03
7.3 27.66 17.99 17.28 16.46 16.20 15.92 15.70 15.46 15.05 14.69 14.36 14.07 13.80 13.56 13.34 13.14 12.95 12.78 12.62 12.47 12.33
7.4 28.04 18.43 17.70 16.86 16.60 16.32 16.08 15.84 15.42 15.05 14.72 14.42 14.15 13.90 13.67 13.47 13.28 13.10 12.93 12.78 12.64

7.5 28.42 18.88 18.13 17.27 17.00 16.71 16.47 16.23 15.80 15.42 15.08 14.77 14.49 14.24 14.01 13.80 13.60 13.42 13.25 13.10 12.95
—
7.6 28.79 19.32 18.56 17.68 17.40 17.11 16.87 16.61 16.18 15.79 15.44 15.13 14.84 14.58 14.35 14.13 13.93 13.74 13.57 13.42 13.27
7.7 29.17 19.78 18.99 18.10 17.82 17.52 17.27 17.01 16.56 16.16 15.81 15.49 15.20 14.93 14.69 14.47 14.27 14.07 13.90 13.74 13.59
7.8 29.55 20.24 19.43 18.52 18.23 17.92 17.67 17.40 16.95 16.54 16.18 15.85 15.55 15.28 15.04 14.81 14.60 14.41 14.23 14.06 13.91
7.9 29.93 20.70 19.88 18.95 18.65 18.34 18.08 17.81 17.34 16.92 16.55 16.22 15.91 15.64 15.39 15.15 14.94 14.74 14.56 14.39 14.24
8.0 30.31 21.16 20.33 19.38 19.07 18.75 18.49 18.21 17.73 17.31 16.93 16.59 16.28 16.00 15.74 15.50 15.29 15.08 14.90 14.73 14.56
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1.5 5.68 1.53 1.48 1.42 1.38 1.33 1.30 1.26 1.19 1.14 1.09 1.05 1.01 0.98 0.95 0.92 0.90 0.88 0.86 0.84 0.83
1.6 6.06 1.71 1.65 1.59 1.54 1.49 1.45 1.40 1.33 1.27 1.22 1.17 1.13 1.09 1.06 1.03 1.01 0.99 0.97 0.95 0.93
Appendix G
1.7 6.44 1.89 1.83 1.76 1.71 1.65 1.61 1.56 1.48 1.41 1.35 1.30 1.25 1.22 1.18 1.15 1.12 1.10 1.07 1.05 1.04
1.8 6.82 2.09 2.02 1.94 1.88 1.82 1.77 1.72 1.63 1.56 1.49 1.43 1.39 1.34 1.30 1.27 1.24 1.21 1.19 1.16 1.15
1.9 7.20 2.29 2.21 2.13 2.07 2.00 1.94 1.89 1.79 1.71 1.64 1.58 1.52 1.48 1.43 1.40 1.36 1.33 1.31 1.28 1.26
2.0 7.58 2.50 2.41 2.33 2.26 2.18 2.12 2.06 1.96 1.87 1.79 1.72 1.67 1.61 1.57 1.53 1.49 1.46 1.43 1.40 1.38

2.1 7.96 2.71 2.62 2.53 2.45 2.37 2.31 2.24 2.13 2.03 1.95 1.88 1.81 1.76 1.71 1.67 1.63 1.59 1.56 1.53 1.51
—
2.2 8.34 2.93 2.84 2.74 2.66 2.57 2.50 2.43 2.31 2.20 2.11 2.04 1.97 1.91 1.85 1.81 1.77 1.73 1.69 1.66 1.64
2.3 8.71 3.17 3.06 2.95 2.87 2.78 2.70 2.62 2.49 2.38 2.29 2.20 2.13 2.06 2.00 1.96 1.91 1.87 1.83 1.80 1.77
2.4 9.09 3.40 3.29 3.18 3.08 2.99 2.91 2.82 2.68 2.56 2.46 2.37 2.29 2.22 2.16 2.11 2.06 2.01 1.97 1.94 1.91
2.5 9.47 3.65 3.53 3.41 3.31 3.20 3.12 3.03 2.88 2.75 2.64 2.55 2.46 2.39 2.32 2.27 2.21 2.16 2.12 2.08 2.05
2.6 9.85 3.90 3.78 3.64 3.54 3.43 3.34 3.24 3.08 2.95 2.83 2.73 2.64 2.56 2.49 2.43 2.37 2.32 2.28 2.23 2.20
2.7 10.23 4.16 4.03 3.89 3.78 3.66 3.56 3.46 3.29 3.15 3.02 2.91 2.82 2.73 2.66 2.60 2.54 2.48 2.43 2.39 2.35
2.8 10.61 4.43 4.29 4.14 4.02 3.90 3.79 3.69 3.51 3.35 3.22 3.10 3.01 2.92 2.83 2.77 2.70 2.64 2.59 2.55 2.51
2.9 10.99 4.70 4.56 4.40 4.27 4.14 4.03 3.92 3.73 3.57 3.43 3.30 3.20 3.10 3.01 2.95 2.88 2.81 2.76 2.71 2.67
3.0 11.37 4.99 4.83 4.66 4.53 4.39 4.28 4.15 3.96 3.78 3.64 3.50 3.39 3.29 3.20 3.13 3.05 2.99 2.93 2.88 2.84
3.1 11.75 5.27 5.11 4.93 4.79 4.65 4.53 4.40 4.19 4.01 3.85 3.71 3.59 3.49 3.39 3.31 3.24 3.17 3.11 3.05 3.01

3.2 12.12 5.57 5.40 5.21 5.06 4.91 4.78 4.65 4.43 4.24 4.07 3.93 3.80 3.69 3.59 3.51 3.42 3.35 3.29 3.23 3.18
3.3 12.50 5.87 5.69 5.49 5.34 5.18 5.04 4.90 4.67 4.47 4.30 4.14 4.01 3.90 3.79 3.70 3.62 3.54 3.47 3.41 3.36
3.4 12.88 6.18 5.99 5.78 5.62 5.45 5.31 5.16 4.92 4.71 4.53 4.37 4.23 4.11 3.99 3.90 3.81 3.73 3.66 3.59 3.54
3.5 13.26 6.50 6.30 6.08 5.91 5.73 5.59 5.43 5.18 4.96 4.76 4.60 4.45 4.32 4.20 4.11 4.01 3.93 3.86 3.79 3.73
3.6 13.64 6.82 6.61 6.38 6.21 6.02 5.87 5.70 5.44 5.21 5.01 4.83 4.68 4.54 4.42 4.32 4.22 4.13 4.05 3.98 3.92
3.7 14.02 7.15 6.93 6.69 6.51 6.31 6.15 5.98 5.70 5.46 5.25 5.07 4.91 4.77 4.64 4.53 4.43 4.34 4.26 4.18 4.12
3.8 14.40 7.48 7.26 7.01 6.82 6.61 6.45 6.27 5.98 5.72 5.50 5.31 5.15 5.00 4.86 4.75 4.65 4.55 4.46 4.38 4.32
3.9 14.78 7.83 7.59 7.33 7.13 6.92 6.74 6.56 6.25 5.99 5.76 5.56 5.39 5.23 5.09 4.98 4.87 4.76 4.68 4.59 4.53
4.0 15.16 8.18 7.93 7.66 7.45 7.23 7.05 6.85 6.54 6.26 6.02 5.81 5.63 5.47 5.32 5.21 5.09 4.98 4.89 4.80 4.74
4.1 15.53 8.53 8.27 8.00 7.78 7.55 7.36 7.16 6.83 6.54 6.29 6.07 5.89 5.72 5.56 5.44 5.32 5.21 5.11 5.02 4.95
4.2 15.91 8.89 8.63 8.34 8.11 7.87 7.67 7.46 7.12 6.82 6.56 6.34 6.14 5.97 5.81 5.68 5.55 5.43 5.34 5.24 5.17
4.3 16.29 9.26 8.98 8.68 8.45 8.20 7.99 7.78 7.42 7.11 6.84 6.60 6.40 6.22 6.05 5.92 5.79 5.67 5.56 5.46 5.39
4.4 16.67 9.64 9.35 9.04 8.79 8.53 8.32 8.10 7.72 7.40 7.12 6.88 6.67 6.48 6.31 6.17 6.03 5.90 5.80 5.69 5.62
4.5 17.05 10.02 9.72 9.40 9.14 8.87 8.65 8.42 8.04 7.70 7.41 7.16 6.94 6.74 6.56 6.42 6.28 6.14 6.03 5.93 5.85
4.6 17.43 10.41 10.10 9.76 9.50 9.22 8.99 8.75 8.35 8.01 7.71 7.44 7.21 7.01 6.82 6.67 6.53 6.39 6.28 6.16 6.08
4.7 17.81 10.80 10.48 10.13 9.86 9.57 9.34 9.08 8.67 8.31 8.00 7.73 7.49 7.28 7.09 6.93 6.78 6.64 6.52 6.41 6.32
287
288
4.8 18.19 11.20 10.87 10.51 10.23 9.93 9.69 9.43 9.00 8.63 8.31 8.02 7.78 7.56 7.36 7.20 7.04 6.89 6.77 6.65 6.56
4.9 18.57 11.61 11.26 10.89 10.61 10.29 10.04 9.77 9.33 8.95 8.61 8.32 8.07 7.84 7.63 7.47 7.30 7.15 7.03 6.90 6.81
Appendix G
5.0 18.94 12.02 11.67 11.28 10.98 10.66 10.40 10.12 9.67 9.27 8.93 8.62 8.36 8.13 7.91 7.74 7.57 7.42 7.28 7.15 7.06
5.1 19.32 12.44 12.07 11.68 11.37 11.04 10.77 10.48 10.01 9.60 9.24 8.93 8.66 8.42 8.20 8.02 7.84 7.68 7.55 7.41 7.31
5.2 19.70 12.87 12.49 12.08 11.76 11.42 11.14 10.84 10.36 9.93 9.57 9.24 8.96 8.71 8.49 8.30 8.12 7.95 7.81 7.68 7.57
5.3 20.08 13.30 12.91 12.49 12.16 11.81 11.52 11.21 10.71 10.27 9.89 9.56 9.27 9.01 8.78 8.59 8.40 8.23 8.08 7.94 7.84
5.4 20.46 13.74 13.33 12.90 12.56 12.20 11.90 11.59 11.07 10.62 10.23 9.88 9.59 9.32 9.08 8.88 8.69 8.51 8.36 8.21 8.10
5.5 20.84 14.18 13.77 13.32 12.97 12.60 12.29 11.96 11.43 10.97 10.56 10.21 9.90 9.63 9.38 9.17 8.98 8.79 8.64 8.49 8.37
5.6 21.22 14.63 14.20 13.74 13.38 13.00 12.68 12.35 11.80 11.32 10.90 10.54 10.22 9.94 9.68 9.47 9.27 9.08 8.92 8.76 8.65
5.7 21.60 15.09 14.65 14.17 13.80 13.41 13.08 12.74 12.17 11.68 11.25 10.87 10.55 10.26 9.99 9.78 9.57 9.37 9.21 9.05 8.93
5.8 21.98 15.55 15.10 14.61 14.23 13.82 13.49 13.13 12.55 12.04 11.60 11.21 10.88 10.58 10.31 10.09 9.87 9.67 9.50 9.33 9.21
5.9 22.35 16.02 15.55 15.05 14.66 14.24 13.90 13.53 12.93 12.41 11.96 11.56 11.22 10.91 10.63 10.40 10.17 9.97 9.80 9.62 9.50
6.0 22.73 16.49 16.02 15.50 15.10 14.67 14.31 13.94 13.32 12.79 12.32 11.91 11.56 11.24 10.95 10.71 10.48 10.27 10.09 9.92 9.79
6.1 23.11 16.97 16.48 15.95 15.54 15.10 14.74 14.35 13.72 13.16 12.69 12.26 11.90 11.57 11.28 11.04 10.80 10.58 10.40 10.22 10.08
6.2 23.49 17.46 16.96 16.41 15.99 15.53 15.16 14.76 14.11 13.55 13.06 12.62 12.25 11.91 11.61 11.36 11.12 10.89 10.71 10.52 10.38
6.3 23.87 17.95 17.44 16.88 16.44 15.97 15.59 15.19 14.52 13.94 13.43 12.99 12.60 12.26 11.94 11.69 11.44 11.21 11.02 10.83 10.68
6.4 24.25 18.45 17.92 17.35 16.90 16.42 16.03 15.61 14.93 14.33 13.81 13.35 12.96 12.61 12.28 12.02 11.77 11.53 11.33 11.14 10.99
6.5 24.63 18.95 18.41 17.82 17.37 16.87 16.47 16.04 15.34 14.73 14.20 13.73 13.32 12.96 12.63 12.36 12.10 11.86 11.65 11.45 11.30
6.6 25.01 19.46 18.91 18.31 17.84 17.33 16.92 16.48 15.76 15.13 14.59 14.10 13.69 13.32 12.98 12.70 12.43 12.18 11.98 11.77 11.62
6.7 25.38 19.98 19.41 18.79 18.31 17.79 17.37 16.92 16.18 15.54 14.98 14.49 14.06 13.68 13.33 13.05 12.77 12.52 12.30 12.09 11.93
6.8 25.76 20.50 19.92 19.29 18.79 18.26 17.83 17.37 16.61 15.95 15.38 14.87 14.44 14.05 13.69 13.40 13.12 12.85 12.63 12.42 12.26
6.9 26.14 21.03 20.43 19.79 19.28 18.74 18.29 17.82 17.04 16.37 15.78 15.26 14.82 14.42 14.05 13.75 13.46 13.19 12.97 12.75 12.58
7.0 26.52 21.56 20.95 20.29 19.77 19.21 18.76 18.28 17.48 16.79 16.19 15.66 15.20 14.79 14.42 14.11 13.81 13.54 13.31 13.08 12.91
7.1 26.90 22.10 21.48 20.80 20.27 19.70 19.24 18.74 17.93 17.22 16.60 16.06 15.59 15.17 14.79 14.48 14.17 13.89 13.65 13.42 13.25
7.2 27.28 22.65 22.01 21.31 20.77 20.19 19.71 19.21 18.37 17.65 17.02 16.46 15.98 15.55 15.16 14.84 14.53 14.24 14.00 13.76 13.58
7.3 27.66 23.20 22.54 21.83 21.28 20.68 20.20 19.68 18.83 18.09 17.44 16.87 16.38 15.94 15.54 15.21 14.89 14.60 14.35 14.11 13.92
7.4 28.04 23.76 23.09 22.36 21.79 21.18 20.69 20.16 19.28 18.53 17.87 17.28 16.78 16.33 15.92 15.59 15.26 14.96 14.71 14.46 14.27

7.5 28.42 24.32 23.63 22.89 22.31 21.69 21.18 20.64 19.75 18.97 18.30 17.70 17.19 16.73 16.31 15.97 15.63 15.32 15.06 14.81 14.62
—
7.6 28.79 24.89 24.19 23.43 22.84 22.20 21.68 21.13 20.22 19.42 18.73 18.12 17.60 17.13 16.70 16.35 16.01 15.69 15.43 15.17 14.97
7.7 29.17 25.46 24.74 23.97 23.37 22.72 22.19 21.62 20.69 19.88 19.17 18.55 18.02 17.53 17.09 16.74 16.39 16.06 15.79 15.53 15.33
7.8 29.55 26.04 25.31 24.52 23.90 23.24 22.70 22.12 21.17 20.34 19.62 18.98 18.44 17.94 17.49 17.13 16.77 16.44 16.16 15.89 15.69
7.9 29.93 26.63 25.88 25.07 24.44 23.76 23.21 22.62 21.65 20.80 20.07 19.42 18.86 18.36 17.90 17.52 17.16 16.82 16.54 16.26 16.05
8.0 30.31 27.22 26.45 25.63 24.99 24.29 23.73 23.13 22.13 21.27 20.52 19.86 19.29 18.77 18.30 17.92 17.55 17.21 16.92 16.63 16.42
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1.5 5.68 1.80 1.73 1.64 1.58 1.52 1.46 1.41 1.32 1.25 1.19 1.13 1.09 1.05 1.01 0.98 0.96 0.93 0.91 0.89 0.87
1.6 6.06 2.01 1.92 1.83 1.76 1.69 1.63 1.57 1.48 1.40 1.33 1.27 1.22 1.17 1.13 1.10 1.07 1.04 1.02 1.00 0.98
Appendix G
1.7 6.44 2.22 2.13 2.03 1.95 1.87 1.81 1.74 1.64 1.55 1.47 1.41 1.35 1.30 1.26 1.22 1.19 1.16 1.13 1.11 1.09
1.8 6.82 2.45 2.34 2.23 2.15 2.06 2.00 1.92 1.81 1.71 1.63 1.55 1.49 1.44 1.39 1.35 1.31 1.28 1.25 1.22 1.20
1.9 7.20 2.68 2.57 2.45 2.36 2.26 2.19 2.11 1.98 1.87 1.78 1.71 1.64 1.58 1.53 1.48 1.45 1.41 1.38 1.35 1.32
2.0 7.58 2.92 2.80 2.67 2.57 2.47 2.39 2.30 2.16 2.05 1.95 1.87 1.79 1.73 1.67 1.62 1.58 1.54 1.51 1.47 1.45

2.1 7.96 3.17 3.04 2.90 2.79 2.68 2.60 2.50 2.35 2.23 2.12 2.03 1.95 1.88 1.82 1.77 1.72 1.68 1.64 1.61 1.58
—
2.2 8.34 3.43 3.29 3.14 3.02 2.90 2.81 2.71 2.55 2.41 2.30 2.20 2.11 2.04 1.97 1.92 1.87 1.82 1.78 1.74 1.71
2.3 8.71 3.69 3.54 3.38 3.26 3.13 3.03 2.92 2.75 2.61 2.48 2.38 2.28 2.21 2.13 2.07 2.02 1.97 1.93 1.89 1.85
2.4 9.09 3.97 3.81 3.63 3.51 3.37 3.26 3.15 2.96 2.81 2.67 2.56 2.46 2.38 2.30 2.23 2.18 2.12 2.08 2.03 2.00
2.5 9.47 4.25 4.08 3.90 3.76 3.61 3.50 3.37 3.18 3.01 2.87 2.75 2.64 2.55 2.47 2.40 2.34 2.28 2.24 2.18 2.15
2.6 9.85 4.54 4.36 4.16 4.02 3.86 3.74 3.61 3.40 3.22 3.07 2.94 2.83 2.73 2.65 2.57 2.51 2.44 2.40 2.34 2.30
2.7 10.23 4.84 4.65 4.44 4.29 4.12 3.99 3.85 3.63 3.44 3.28 3.14 3.02 2.92 2.83 2.75 2.68 2.61 2.56 2.50 2.46
2.8 10.61 5.15 4.94 4.72 4.56 4.38 4.25 4.10 3.86 3.66 3.50 3.35 3.22 3.11 3.01 2.93 2.86 2.78 2.73 2.67 2.63
2.9 10.99 5.46 5.25 5.02 4.84 4.65 4.51 4.36 4.11 3.89 3.72 3.56 3.43 3.31 3.20 3.12 3.04 2.96 2.91 2.84 2.79
3.0 11.37 5.79 5.56 5.31 5.13 4.93 4.78 4.62 4.35 4.13 3.94 3.78 3.64 3.51 3.40 3.31 3.23 3.15 3.09 3.02 2.97
3.1 11.75 6.12 5.88 5.62 5.43 5.22 5.06 4.89 4.61 4.37 4.17 4.00 3.85 3.72 3.60 3.50 3.42 3.33 3.27 3.20 3.14

3.2 12.12 6.45 6.21 5.93 5.73 5.51 5.34 5.16 4.87 4.62 4.41 4.23 4.07 3.93 3.81 3.71 3.62 3.53 3.46 3.38 3.33
3.3 12.50 6.80 6.54 6.25 6.04 5.81 5.63 5.44 5.14 4.87 4.66 4.47 4.30 4.15 4.02 3.91 3.82 3.72 3.65 3.57 3.51
3.4 12.88 7.16 6.88 6.58 6.36 6.12 5.93 5.73 5.41 5.13 4.90 4.70 4.53 4.38 4.24 4.12 4.03 3.93 3.85 3.77 3.71
3.5 13.26 7.52 7.23 6.92 6.68 6.43 6.23 6.03 5.69 5.40 5.16 4.95 4.76 4.60 4.46 4.34 4.24 4.13 4.05 3.97 3.90
3.6 13.64 7.89 7.59 7.26 7.01 6.75 6.55 6.33 5.97 5.67 5.42 5.20 5.01 4.84 4.69 4.56 4.45 4.34 4.26 4.17 4.10
3.7 14.02 8.26 7.95 7.61 7.35 7.07 6.86 6.63 6.26 5.95 5.68 5.46 5.25 5.08 4.92 4.79 4.67 4.56 4.47 4.38 4.31
3.8 14.40 8.65 8.32 7.96 7.70 7.41 7.19 6.95 6.56 6.23 5.96 5.72 5.50 5.32 5.16 5.02 4.90 4.78 4.69 4.59 4.52
3.9 14.78 9.04 8.70 8.33 8.05 7.75 7.52 7.27 6.86 6.52 6.23 5.98 5.76 5.57 5.40 5.26 5.13 5.01 4.91 4.81 4.73
4.0 15.16 9.44 9.08 8.69 8.41 8.09 7.85 7.59 7.17 6.82 6.52 6.26 6.02 5.83 5.65 5.50 5.37 5.24 5.14 5.03 4.95
4.1 15.53 9.84 9.47 9.07 8.77 8.44 8.19 7.92 7.49 7.12 6.80 6.53 6.29 6.09 5.90 5.74 5.61 5.47 5.37 5.25 5.17
4.2 15.91 10.26 9.87 9.45 9.14 8.80 8.54 8.26 7.81 7.42 7.10 6.81 6.56 6.35 6.16 5.99 5.85 5.71 5.60 5.48 5.40
4.3 16.29 10.68 10.28 9.85 9.52 9.17 8.90 8.61 8.13 7.73 7.40 7.10 6.84 6.62 6.42 6.25 6.10 5.95 5.84 5.72 5.63
4.4 16.67 11.11 10.69 10.24 9.91 9.54 9.26 8.96 8.47 8.05 7.70 7.39 7.12 6.89 6.68 6.51 6.35 6.20 6.09 5.96 5.86
4.5 17.05 11.54 11.11 10.65 10.30 9.92 9.63 9.31 8.81 8.37 8.01 7.69 7.41 7.17 6.96 6.77 6.61 6.45 6.34 6.20 6.10
4.6 17.43 11.98 11.54 11.06 10.69 10.30 10.00 9.68 9.15 8.70 8.32 8.00 7.70 7.46 7.23 7.04 6.88 6.71 6.59 6.45 6.35
4.7 17.81 12.43 11.97 11.47 11.10 10.69 10.38 10.04 9.50 9.04 8.64 8.30 8.00 7.74 7.51 7.31 7.14 6.97 6.85 6.70 6.60
289
290
4.8 18.19 12.89 12.41 11.90 11.51 11.09 10.77 10.42 9.85 9.37 8.97 8.62 8.31 8.04 7.80 7.59 7.42 7.24 7.11 6.96 6.85
4.9 18.57 13.35 12.86 12.33 11.93 11.49 11.16 10.80 10.22 9.72 9.30 8.94 8.61 8.34 8.09 7.88 7.69 7.51 7.37 7.22 7.11
Appendix G
5.0 18.94 13.82 13.32 12.76 12.35 11.90 11.56 11.19 10.58 10.07 9.64 9.26 8.93 8.64 8.38 8.16 7.97 7.78 7.64 7.48 7.37
5.1 19.32 14.30 13.78 13.21 12.78 12.32 11.96 11.58 10.95 10.42 9.98 9.59 9.24 8.95 8.68 8.46 8.26 8.06 7.92 7.75 7.63
5.2 19.70 14.78 14.25 13.66 13.22 12.74 12.37 11.98 11.33 10.79 10.32 9.92 9.57 9.26 8.99 8.75 8.55 8.35 8.20 8.03 7.90
5.3 20.08 15.28 14.72 14.11 13.66 13.17 12.79 12.38 11.72 11.15 10.68 10.26 9.89 9.58 9.29 9.05 8.85 8.64 8.48 8.30 8.17
5.4 20.46 15.77 15.20 14.58 14.11 13.60 13.21 12.79 12.10 11.52 11.03 10.61 10.23 9.90 9.61 9.36 9.14 8.93 8.77 8.59 8.45
5.5 20.84 16.28 15.69 15.05 14.56 14.04 13.64 13.20 12.50 11.90 11.39 10.95 10.56 10.23 9.93 9.67 9.45 9.22 9.06 8.87 8.73
5.6 21.22 16.79 16.18 15.52 15.03 14.49 14.07 13.63 12.90 12.28 11.76 11.31 10.90 10.56 10.25 9.98 9.76 9.53 9.35 9.16 9.02
5.7 21.60 17.31 16.69 16.00 15.49 14.94 14.51 14.05 13.31 12.67 12.13 11.67 11.25 10.90 10.58 10.30 10.07 9.83 9.66 9.46 9.31
5.8 21.98 17.84 17.19 16.49 15.97 15.40 14.96 14.49 13.72 13.06 12.51 12.03 11.60 11.24 10.91 10.63 10.38 10.14 9.96 9.75 9.60
5.9 22.35 18.37 17.71 16.99 16.45 15.86 15.41 14.92 14.13 13.46 12.89 12.40 11.96 11.58 11.24 10.96 10.71 10.46 10.27 10.06 9.90
6.0 22.73 18.91 18.23 17.49 16.93 16.33 15.87 15.37 14.56 13.86 13.28 12.77 12.32 11.93 11.58 11.29 11.03 10.77 10.58 10.36 10.21
6.1 23.11 19.45 18.76 18.00 17.43 16.81 16.33 15.82 14.98 14.27 13.67 13.15 12.69 12.29 11.93 11.62 11.36 11.10 10.90 10.68 10.51
6.2 23.49 20.00 19.29 18.51 17.92 17.29 16.80 16.27 15.42 14.69 14.07 13.53 13.06 12.65 12.28 11.97 11.70 11.42 11.22 10.99 10.82
6.3 23.87 20.56 19.83 19.03 18.43 17.78 17.28 16.73 15.85 15.11 14.47 13.92 13.43 13.01 12.63 12.31 12.03 11.75 11.55 11.31 11.14
6.4 24.25 21.13 20.38 19.56 18.94 18.27 17.76 17.20 16.30 15.53 14.88 14.31 13.81 13.38 12.99 12.66 12.38 12.09 11.88 11.63 11.46
6.5 24.63 21.70 20.93 20.09 19.46 18.77 18.24 17.67 16.75 15.96 15.29 14.71 14.20 13.75 13.35 13.02 12.72 12.43 12.21 11.96 11.78
6.6 25.01 22.28 21.49 20.63 19.98 19.28 18.74 18.15 17.20 16.39 15.71 15.11 14.58 14.13 13.72 13.38 13.07 12.77 12.55 12.29 12.11
6.7 25.38 22.86 22.06 21.17 20.51 19.79 19.23 18.63 17.66 16.83 16.13 15.52 14.98 14.51 14.09 13.74 13.43 13.12 12.89 12.63 12.44
6.8 25.76 23.46 22.63 21.72 21.04 20.31 19.74 19.12 18.13 17.28 16.56 15.93 15.38 14.90 14.47 14.11 13.79 13.47 13.24 12.97 12.77
6.9 26.14 24.05 23.21 22.28 21.58 20.83 20.25 19.62 18.60 17.73 16.99 16.35 15.78 15.29 14.85 14.48 14.15 13.83 13.59 13.31 13.11
7.0 26.52 24.66 23.79 22.84 22.13 21.36 20.76 20.12 19.07 18.18 17.43 16.77 16.19 15.69 15.24 14.85 14.52 14.19 13.94 13.66 13.45
7.1 26.90 25.27 24.38 23.41 22.68 21.89 21.28 20.62 19.55 18.64 17.87 17.20 16.60 16.09 15.63 15.23 14.89 14.55 14.30 14.01 13.80
7.2 27.28 25.89 24.98 23.99 23.24 22.43 21.81 21.13 20.04 19.11 18.32 17.63 17.02 16.49 16.02 15.62 15.27 14.92 14.66 14.37 14.15
7.3 27.66 26.51 25.58 24.57 23.81 22.98 22.34 21.65 20.53 19.58 18.77 18.07 17.44 16.90 16.42 16.01 15.65 15.29 15.03 14.73 14.51
7.4 28.04 27.14 26.19 25.15 24.38 23.53 22.88 22.17 21.03 20.05 19.23 18.51 17.87 17.32 16.82 16.40 16.04 15.67 15.40 15.09 14.86

7.5 28.42 27.78 26.81 25.75 24.95 24.09 23.42 22.70 21.53 20.53 19.69 18.95 18.30 17.74 17.23 16.80 16.43 16.05 15.77 15.46 15.23
—
7.6 28.79 28.42 27.43 26.35 25.53 24.65 23.97 23.23 22.04 21.02 20.15 19.40 18.73 18.16 17.64 17.20 16.82 16.44 16.15 15.83 15.59
7.7 29.17 29.07 28.06 26.95 26.12 25.22 24.52 23.77 22.55 21.51 20.62 19.86 19.17 18.59 18.06 17.61 17.22 16.83 16.53 16.20 15.96
7.8 29.55 29.73 28.69 27.56 26.72 25.79 25.08 24.32 23.07 22.00 21.10 20.32 19.62 19.02 18.48 18.02 17.62 17.22 16.92 16.58 16.34
7.9 29.93 30.39 29.34 28.18 27.32 26.37 25.65 24.86 23.59 22.50 21.58 20.78 20.07 19.45 18.90 18.43 18.03 17.62 17.31 16.97 16.72
8.0 30.31 31.06 29.98 28.80 27.92 26.96 26.22 25.42 24.12 23.01 22.07 21.25 20.52 19.89 19.33 18.85 18.44 18.02 17.71 17.36 17.10
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1.5 5.68 2.06 1.96 1.86 1.79 1.70 1.64 1.57 1.47 1.38 1.30 1.24 1.18 1.13 1.09 1.05 1.02 0.99 0.96 0.94 0.92
1.6 6.06 2.29 2.19 2.07 1.99 1.90 1.83 1.76 1.64 1.54 1.45 1.38 1.32 1.27 1.22 1.18 1.14 1.11 1.08 1.05 1.03
Appendix G
1.7 6.44 2.53 2.42 2.29 2.20 2.10 2.03 1.94 1.82 1.71 1.61 1.53 1.47 1.41 1.36 1.31 1.27 1.23 1.20 1.17 1.14
1.8 6.82 2.78 2.66 2.52 2.42 2.31 2.23 2.14 2.00 1.88 1.78 1.69 1.62 1.55 1.50 1.45 1.40 1.36 1.33 1.30 1.27
1.9 7.20 3.04 2.91 2.76 2.65 2.53 2.44 2.35 2.19 2.06 1.95 1.86 1.78 1.71 1.64 1.59 1.54 1.50 1.46 1.42 1.39
2.0 7.58 3.31 3.17 3.01 2.89 2.76 2.67 2.56 2.39 2.25 2.13 2.03 1.94 1.86 1.80 1.74 1.69 1.64 1.59 1.56 1.52

2.1 7.96 3.59 3.44 3.27 3.14 3.00 2.89 2.78 2.60 2.45 2.32 2.21 2.11 2.03 1.96 1.89 1.84 1.78 1.74 1.70 1.66
—
2.2 8.34 3.88 3.71 3.53 3.39 3.25 3.13 3.01 2.82 2.65 2.51 2.39 2.29 2.20 2.12 2.05 1.99 1.93 1.88 1.84 1.80
2.3 8.71 4.18 4.00 3.80 3.66 3.50 3.38 3.25 3.04 2.86 2.71 2.58 2.47 2.38 2.29 2.22 2.15 2.09 2.04 1.99 1.95
2.4 9.09 4.49 4.30 4.09 3.93 3.76 3.63 3.49 3.27 3.08 2.92 2.78 2.66 2.56 2.47 2.39 2.32 2.25 2.19 2.15 2.10
2.5 9.47 4.81 4.60 4.38 4.21 4.03 3.89 3.74 3.50 3.30 3.13 2.99 2.86 2.75 2.65 2.57 2.49 2.42 2.36 2.31 2.26
2.6 9.85 5.13 4.91 4.68 4.50 4.31 4.16 4.00 3.75 3.53 3.35 3.20 3.06 2.94 2.84 2.75 2.67 2.59 2.53 2.47 2.42
2.7 10.23 5.47 5.23 4.98 4.79 4.59 4.44 4.27 4.00 3.77 3.58 3.41 3.27 3.14 3.03 2.94 2.85 2.77 2.70 2.64 2.58
2.8 10.61 5.81 5.56 5.30 5.10 4.88 4.72 4.54 4.26 4.01 3.81 3.63 3.48 3.35 3.23 3.13 3.04 2.95 2.88 2.82 2.76
2.9 10.99 6.16 5.90 5.62 5.41 5.18 5.01 4.82 4.52 4.26 4.05 3.86 3.70 3.56 3.44 3.33 3.23 3.14 3.06 3.00 2.93
3.0 11.37 6.52 6.25 5.95 5.73 5.49 5.31 5.11 4.79 4.52 4.29 4.10 3.93 3.78 3.65 3.53 3.43 3.34 3.25 3.18 3.11
3.1 11.75 6.89 6.61 6.29 6.06 5.81 5.61 5.40 5.07 4.79 4.54 4.34 4.16 4.00 3.86 3.74 3.63 3.53 3.45 3.37 3.30

3.2 12.12 7.27 6.97 6.64 6.40 6.13 5.93 5.71 5.35 5.05 4.80 4.58 4.39 4.23 4.08 3.96 3.84 3.74 3.64 3.57 3.49
3.3 12.50 7.66 7.34 7.00 6.74 6.46 6.25 6.02 5.65 5.33 5.06 4.84 4.64 4.46 4.31 4.17 4.06 3.95 3.85 3.77 3.69
3.4 12.88 8.05 7.72 7.36 7.09 6.80 6.57 6.33 5.94 5.61 5.33 5.09 4.88 4.70 4.54 4.40 4.28 4.16 4.06 3.97 3.89
3.5 13.26 8.45 8.11 7.73 7.45 7.14 6.91 6.65 6.25 5.90 5.61 5.36 5.14 4.95 4.78 4.63 4.50 4.38 4.27 4.18 4.09
3.6 13.64 8.87 8.50 8.11 7.82 7.49 7.25 6.98 6.56 6.20 5.89 5.63 5.40 5.20 5.02 4.87 4.73 4.60 4.49 4.39 4.30
3.7 14.02 9.29 8.91 8.50 8.19 7.85 7.60 7.32 6.88 6.50 6.18 5.90 5.66 5.45 5.27 5.11 4.96 4.83 4.71 4.61 4.51
3.8 14.40 9.71 9.32 8.89 8.57 8.22 7.95 7.66 7.20 6.81 6.47 6.18 5.93 5.71 5.52 5.35 5.20 5.06 4.94 4.83 4.73
3.9 14.78 10.15 9.74 9.29 8.96 8.59 8.32 8.01 7.53 7.12 6.77 6.47 6.21 5.98 5.78 5.60 5.45 5.30 5.17 5.06 4.96
4.0 15.16 10.59 10.17 9.70 9.35 8.98 8.68 8.37 7.87 7.44 7.07 6.76 6.49 6.25 6.04 5.86 5.69 5.54 5.41 5.29 5.18
4.1 15.53 11.05 10.60 10.12 9.76 9.36 9.06 8.74 8.21 7.76 7.39 7.06 6.78 6.53 6.31 6.12 5.95 5.79 5.65 5.53 5.42
4.2 15.91 11.50 11.04 10.54 10.17 9.76 9.44 9.11 8.56 8.10 7.70 7.36 7.07 6.81 6.58 6.38 6.21 6.04 5.89 5.77 5.65
4.3 16.29 11.97 11.50 10.98 10.58 10.16 9.83 9.48 8.92 8.43 8.02 7.67 7.37 7.10 6.86 6.65 6.47 6.30 6.15 6.02 5.89
4.4 16.67 12.45 11.95 11.41 11.01 10.57 10.23 9.87 9.28 8.78 8.35 7.99 7.67 7.39 7.14 6.93 6.74 6.56 6.40 6.27 6.14
4.5 17.05 12.93 12.42 11.86 11.44 10.98 10.63 10.26 9.65 9.13 8.69 8.31 7.98 7.69 7.43 7.21 7.01 6.83 6.66 6.53 6.39
4.6 17.43 13.42 12.89 12.31 11.88 11.41 11.04 10.65 10.02 9.48 9.03 8.63 8.29 7.99 7.73 7.49 7.29 7.10 6.93 6.79 6.65
4.7 17.81 13.92 13.37 12.78 12.32 11.84 11.46 11.05 10.40 9.85 9.37 8.97 8.61 8.30 8.03 7.78 7.57 7.37 7.20 7.05 6.91
291
292
4.8 18.19 14.43 13.86 13.24 12.78 12.27 11.88 11.46 10.79 10.21 9.72 9.30 8.93 8.61 8.33 8.08 7.86 7.66 7.47 7.32 7.17
4.9 18.57 14.94 14.36 13.72 13.24 12.71 12.31 11.88 11.18 10.59 10.08 9.64 9.26 8.93 8.64 8.38 8.15 7.94 7.75 7.59 7.44
Appendix G
5.0 18.94 15.47 14.86 14.20 13.70 13.16 12.75 12.30 11.58 10.97 10.44 9.99 9.60 9.26 8.95 8.68 8.45 8.23 8.03 7.87 7.71
5.1 19.32 16.00 15.37 14.69 14.18 13.62 13.19 12.73 11.98 11.35 10.81 10.34 9.94 9.58 9.27 8.99 8.75 8.52 8.32 8.15 7.99
5.2 19.70 16.53 15.89 15.19 14.66 14.08 13.64 13.17 12.40 11.74 11.18 10.70 10.28 9.92 9.59 9.31 9.06 8.82 8.61 8.44 8.27
5.3 20.08 17.08 16.41 15.69 15.15 14.55 14.10 13.61 12.81 12.14 11.56 11.07 10.63 10.26 9.92 9.63 9.37 9.13 8.91 8.73 8.55
5.4 20.46 17.63 16.95 16.20 15.64 15.03 14.56 14.05 13.24 12.54 11.95 11.44 10.99 10.60 10.25 9.95 9.68 9.43 9.21 9.02 8.84
5.5 20.84 18.19 17.49 16.72 16.14 15.51 15.03 14.51 13.67 12.95 12.34 11.81 11.35 10.95 10.59 10.28 10.00 9.75 9.52 9.32 9.14
5.6 21.22 18.76 18.03 17.24 16.65 16.00 15.50 14.97 14.10 13.36 12.73 12.19 11.72 11.30 10.94 10.61 10.33 10.06 9.83 9.63 9.44
5.7 21.60 19.33 18.59 17.78 17.16 16.50 15.99 15.43 14.54 13.78 13.13 12.57 12.09 11.66 11.28 10.95 10.66 10.39 10.14 9.94 9.74
5.8 21.98 19.91 19.15 18.31 17.68 17.00 16.47 15.91 14.99 14.21 13.54 12.96 12.46 12.02 11.64 11.29 10.99 10.71 10.46 10.25 10.05
5.9 22.35 20.50 19.72 18.86 18.21 17.51 16.97 16.38 15.44 14.64 13.95 13.36 12.84 12.39 11.99 11.64 11.33 11.04 10.78 10.57 10.36
6.0 22.73 21.10 20.29 19.41 18.75 18.02 17.47 16.87 15.90 15.07 14.37 13.76 13.23 12.77 12.35 11.99 11.67 11.38 11.11 10.89 10.67
6.1 23.11 21.70 20.88 19.97 19.29 18.55 17.98 17.36 16.36 15.51 14.79 14.17 13.62 13.14 12.72 12.35 12.02 11.72 11.44 11.21 10.99
6.2 23.49 22.32 21.47 20.54 19.84 19.07 18.49 17.86 16.83 15.96 15.22 14.58 14.02 13.53 13.09 12.71 12.37 12.06 11.78 11.54 11.32
6.3 23.87 22.93 22.06 21.11 20.39 19.61 19.01 18.36 17.31 16.41 15.65 14.99 14.42 13.91 13.47 13.08 12.73 12.41 12.12 11.88 11.64
6.4 24.25 23.56 22.67 21.69 20.95 20.15 19.53 18.87 17.79 16.87 16.09 15.41 14.82 14.31 13.85 13.45 13.09 12.76 12.46 12.22 11.98
6.5 24.63 24.19 23.28 22.27 21.52 20.70 20.07 19.38 18.28 17.34 16.53 15.84 15.23 14.71 14.24 13.82 13.46 13.12 12.81 12.56 12.31
6.6 25.01 24.83 23.89 22.87 22.09 21.25 20.60 19.90 18.77 17.81 16.98 16.27 15.65 15.11 14.63 14.20 13.83 13.48 13.17 12.91 12.65
6.7 25.38 25.48 24.52 23.47 22.67 21.81 21.15 20.43 19.27 18.28 17.44 16.71 16.07 15.51 15.02 14.59 14.20 13.85 13.52 13.26 13.00
6.8 25.76 26.13 25.15 24.07 23.26 22.38 21.70 20.96 19.77 18.76 17.89 17.15 16.50 15.93 15.42 14.98 14.58 14.22 13.89 13.61 13.35
6.9 26.14 26.80 25.79 24.69 23.85 22.95 22.25 21.50 20.28 19.25 18.36 17.60 16.93 16.34 15.82 15.37 14.97 14.59 14.25 13.97 13.70
7.0 26.52 27.46 26.43 25.31 24.45 23.53 22.82 22.05 20.80 19.74 18.83 18.05 17.36 16.76 16.23 15.77 15.35 14.97 14.62 14.34 14.06
7.1 26.90 28.14 27.08 25.93 25.06 24.11 23.39 22.60 21.32 20.23 19.30 18.50 17.80 17.19 16.65 16.17 15.75 15.35 15.00 14.71 14.42
7.2 27.28 28.82 27.74 26.56 25.67 24.71 23.96 23.15 21.85 20.74 19.79 18.97 18.25 17.62 17.07 16.58 16.14 15.74 15.38 15.08 14.78
7.3 27.66 29.51 28.41 27.20 26.29 25.30 24.54 23.72 22.38 21.24 20.27 19.43 18.70 18.06 17.49 16.99 16.55 16.13 15.76 15.45 15.15
7.4 28.04 30.21 29.08 27.85 26.92 25.91 25.13 24.28 22.92 21.76 20.76 19.90 19.16 18.50 17.92 17.40 16.95 16.53 16.15 15.83 15.53

7.5 28.42 30.91 29.76 28.50 27.55 26.52 25.72 24.86 23.47 22.27 21.26 20.38 19.61 18.94 18.35 17.82 17.36 16.93 16.54 16.22 15.90
—
7.6 28.79 31.62 30.45 29.16 28.19 27.13 26.32 25.44 24.01 22.80 21.76 20.86 20.08 19.39 18.78 18.25 17.78 17.34 16.94 16.61 16.29
7.7 29.17 32.34 31.14 29.83 28.83 27.75 26.92 26.02 24.57 23.33 22.26 21.35 20.55 19.85 19.22 18.68 18.19 17.74 17.34 17.00 16.67
7.8 29.55 33.06 31.84 30.50 29.48 28.38 27.53 26.62 25.13 23.86 22.78 21.84 21.02 20.31 19.67 19.11 18.62 18.16 17.74 17.40 17.06
7.9 29.93 33.79 32.54 31.18 30.14 29.02 28.15 27.21 25.70 24.40 23.29 22.34 21.50 20.77 20.12 19.55 19.05 18.58 18.15 17.80 17.46
8.0 30.31 34.53 33.26 31.86 30.81 29.66 28.77 27.82 26.27 24.95 23.81 22.84 21.99 21.24 20.58 19.99 19.48 19.00 18.56 18.21 17.85
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1.5 9.75 0.80 0.76 0.72 0.71 0.70 0.68 0.67 0.65 0.63 0.62 0.60 0.59 0.58 0.57 0.56 0.55 0.54 0.53 0.52 0.52
1.6 10.39 0.90 0.86 0.81 0.79 0.78 0.77 0.75 0.73 0.71 0.69 0.68 0.66 0.65 0.64 0.62 0.61 0.60 0.60 0.59 0.58
Appendix G
1.7 11.04 1.00 0.95 0.90 0.88 0.87 0.85 0.84 0.81 0.79 0.77 0.75 0.74 0.72 0.71 0.70 0.68 0.67 0.66 0.66 0.65
1.8 11.69 1.10 1.05 0.99 0.98 0.96 0.94 0.93 0.90 0.87 0.85 0.83 0.81 0.80 0.78 0.77 0.76 0.75 0.74 0.73 0.72
1.9 12.34 1.21 1.15 1.09 1.07 1.05 1.04 1.02 0.99 0.96 0.94 0.92 0.90 0.88 0.86 0.85 0.83 0.82 0.81 0.80 0.79
2.0 12.99 1.32 1.26 1.20 1.17 1.15 1.13 1.11 1.08 1.05 1.03 1.00 0.98 0.96 0.95 0.93 0.91 0.90 0.89 0.88 0.87

2.1 13.64 1.44 1.38 1.30 1.28 1.26 1.24 1.22 1.18 1.15 1.12 1.09 1.07 1.05 1.03 1.01 1.00 0.98 0.97 0.96 0.94
—
2.2 14.29 1.56 1.49 1.41 1.39 1.36 1.34 1.32 1.28 1.25 1.22 1.19 1.16 1.14 1.12 1.10 1.08 1.07 1.05 1.04 1.03
2.3 14.94 1.69 1.61 1.53 1.50 1.47 1.45 1.43 1.39 1.35 1.32 1.29 1.26 1.23 1.21 1.19 1.17 1.16 1.14 1.13 1.11
2.4 15.59 1.82 1.74 1.65 1.62 1.59 1.56 1.54 1.49 1.45 1.42 1.39 1.36 1.33 1.31 1.29 1.27 1.25 1.23 1.21 1.20
2.5 16.24 1.95 1.87 1.77 1.74 1.71 1.68 1.65 1.61 1.56 1.53 1.49 1.46 1.43 1.41 1.38 1.36 1.34 1.32 1.31 1.29
2.6 16.89 2.09 2.00 1.90 1.86 1.83 1.80 1.77 1.72 1.68 1.64 1.60 1.57 1.54 1.51 1.48 1.46 1.44 1.42 1.40 1.38
2.7 17.54 2.23 2.14 2.03 1.99 1.96 1.93 1.89 1.84 1.79 1.75 1.71 1.68 1.64 1.61 1.59 1.56 1.54 1.52 1.50 1.48
2.8 18.19 2.38 2.28 2.16 2.12 2.09 2.05 2.02 1.96 1.91 1.87 1.82 1.79 1.75 1.72 1.69 1.67 1.64 1.62 1.60 1.58
2.9 18.84 2.53 2.42 2.30 2.26 2.22 2.19 2.15 2.09 2.03 1.99 1.94 1.90 1.87 1.83 1.80 1.78 1.75 1.73 1.71 1.68
3.0 19.49 2.69 2.57 2.44 2.40 2.36 2.32 2.28 2.22 2.16 2.11 2.06 2.02 1.98 1.95 1.92 1.89 1.86 1.84 1.81 1.79
3.1 20.14 2.85 2.72 2.59 2.54 2.50 2.46 2.42 2.35 2.29 2.24 2.19 2.14 2.10 2.07 2.03 2.00 1.97 1.95 1.92 1.90

3.2 20.79 3.01 2.88 2.74 2.69 2.64 2.60 2.56 2.49 2.42 2.37 2.32 2.27 2.23 2.19 2.15 2.12 2.09 2.06 2.04 2.01
3.3 21.44 3.18 3.04 2.89 2.84 2.79 2.75 2.70 2.63 2.56 2.50 2.45 2.40 2.35 2.31 2.27 2.24 2.21 2.18 2.15 2.13
3.4 22.09 3.35 3.21 3.05 2.99 2.94 2.90 2.85 2.77 2.70 2.64 2.58 2.53 2.48 2.44 2.40 2.36 2.33 2.30 2.27 2.24
3.5 22.74 3.52 3.37 3.21 3.15 3.10 3.05 3.00 2.92 2.84 2.78 2.72 2.66 2.61 2.57 2.53 2.49 2.45 2.42 2.39 2.36
3.6 23.39 3.70 3.55 3.37 3.31 3.25 3.21 3.16 3.07 2.99 2.92 2.86 2.80 2.75 2.70 2.66 2.62 2.58 2.55 2.52 2.49
3.7 24.04 3.88 3.72 3.54 3.48 3.42 3.37 3.31 3.22 3.14 3.07 3.00 2.94 2.89 2.84 2.79 2.75 2.71 2.68 2.64 2.61
3.8 24.69 4.07 3.90 3.71 3.65 3.58 3.53 3.47 3.38 3.29 3.22 3.15 3.09 3.03 2.98 2.93 2.89 2.85 2.81 2.77 2.74
3.9 25.34 4.26 4.08 3.88 3.82 3.75 3.70 3.64 3.54 3.45 3.37 3.30 3.23 3.17 3.12 3.07 3.02 2.98 2.94 2.91 2.87
4.0 25.99 4.46 4.27 4.06 3.99 3.92 3.87 3.81 3.70 3.61 3.52 3.45 3.38 3.32 3.26 3.21 3.17 3.12 3.08 3.04 3.01
4.1 26.64 4.65 4.46 4.24 4.17 4.10 4.04 3.98 3.87 3.77 3.68 3.61 3.54 3.47 3.41 3.36 3.31 3.26 3.22 3.18 3.14
4.2 27.29 4.86 4.66 4.43 4.36 4.28 4.22 4.15 4.04 3.94 3.85 3.77 3.69 3.62 3.56 3.51 3.46 3.41 3.36 3.32 3.28
4.3 27.94 5.06 4.85 4.62 4.54 4.46 4.40 4.33 4.21 4.11 4.01 3.93 3.85 3.78 3.72 3.66 3.61 3.55 3.51 3.47 3.43
4.4 28.59 5.27 5.06 4.81 4.73 4.65 4.58 4.51 4.39 4.28 4.18 4.09 4.01 3.94 3.87 3.81 3.76 3.70 3.66 3.61 3.57
4.5 29.24 5.48 5.26 5.01 4.92 4.84 4.77 4.69 4.57 4.45 4.35 4.26 4.18 4.10 4.03 3.97 3.91 3.86 3.81 3.76 3.72
4.6 29.89 5.70 5.47 5.20 5.12 5.03 4.96 4.88 4.75 4.63 4.53 4.43 4.35 4.27 4.20 4.13 4.07 4.01 3.96 3.92 3.87
4.7 30.54 5.92 5.68 5.41 5.32 5.23 5.15 5.07 4.93 4.81 4.70 4.61 4.52 4.44 4.36 4.29 4.23 4.17 4.12 4.07 4.02
293
294
4.8 31.18 6.15 5.90 5.61 5.52 5.43 5.35 5.27 5.12 5.00 4.88 4.78 4.69 4.61 4.53 4.46 4.40 4.33 4.28 4.23 4.18
4.9 31.83 6.37 6.12 5.82 5.73 5.63 5.55 5.46 5.32 5.19 5.07 4.96 4.87 4.78 4.70 4.63 4.56 4.50 4.44 4.39 4.34
Appendix G
5.0 32.48 6.61 6.34 6.04 5.94 5.84 5.75 5.66 5.51 5.38 5.26 5.15 5.05 4.96 4.88 4.80 4.73 4.67 4.61 4.55 4.50
5.1 33.13 6.84 6.57 6.25 6.15 6.05 5.96 5.87 5.71 5.57 5.45 5.33 5.23 5.14 5.05 4.97 4.90 4.84 4.78 4.72 4.67
5.2 33.78 7.08 6.80 6.47 6.37 6.26 6.17 6.07 5.91 5.77 5.64 5.52 5.42 5.32 5.23 5.15 5.08 5.01 4.95 4.89 4.83
5.3 34.43 7.32 7.03 6.69 6.59 6.48 6.38 6.28 6.12 5.97 5.83 5.71 5.61 5.51 5.42 5.33 5.26 5.18 5.12 5.06 5.00
5.4 35.08 7.57 7.27 6.92 6.81 6.69 6.60 6.50 6.32 6.17 6.03 5.91 5.80 5.69 5.60 5.52 5.44 5.36 5.29 5.23 5.17
5.5 35.73 7.82 7.51 7.15 7.04 6.92 6.82 6.71 6.54 6.38 6.24 6.11 5.99 5.89 5.79 5.70 5.62 5.54 5.47 5.41 5.35
5.6 36.38 8.07 7.75 7.38 7.27 7.14 7.04 6.93 6.75 6.59 6.44 6.31 6.19 6.08 5.98 5.89 5.81 5.73 5.65 5.59 5.53
5.7 37.03 8.33 8.00 7.62 7.50 7.37 7.27 7.16 6.97 6.80 6.65 6.51 6.39 6.28 6.17 6.08 5.99 5.91 5.84 5.77 5.71
5.8 37.68 8.59 8.25 7.86 7.74 7.60 7.50 7.38 7.19 7.01 6.86 6.72 6.59 6.48 6.37 6.27 6.19 6.10 6.03 5.96 5.89
5.9 38.33 8.86 8.50 8.10 7.98 7.84 7.73 7.61 7.41 7.23 7.07 6.93 6.80 6.68 6.57 6.47 6.38 6.29 6.22 6.14 6.07
6.0 38.98 9.12 8.76 8.35 8.22 8.08 7.97 7.85 7.64 7.45 7.29 7.14 7.01 6.88 6.77 6.67 6.58 6.49 6.41 6.33 6.26
6.1 39.63 9.39 9.02 8.60 8.46 8.32 8.20 8.08 7.87 7.68 7.51 7.36 7.22 7.09 6.98 6.87 6.78 6.68 6.60 6.52 6.45
6.2 40.28 9.67 9.29 8.85 8.71 8.57 8.45 8.32 8.10 7.91 7.73 7.58 7.43 7.30 7.19 7.08 6.98 6.88 6.80 6.72 6.65
6.3 40.93 9.95 9.56 9.11 8.97 8.82 8.69 8.56 8.34 8.14 7.96 7.80 7.65 7.52 7.40 7.29 7.18 7.09 7.00 6.92 6.84
6.4 41.58 10.23 9.83 9.37 9.22 9.07 8.94 8.81 8.57 8.37 8.19 8.02 7.87 7.73 7.61 7.50 7.39 7.29 7.20 7.12 7.04
6.5 42.23 10.51 10.10 9.63 9.48 9.32 9.19 9.05 8.82 8.61 8.42 8.25 8.09 7.95 7.83 7.71 7.60 7.50 7.41 7.32 7.24
6.6 42.88 10.80 10.38 9.90 9.74 9.58 9.45 9.30 9.06 8.85 8.65 8.48 8.32 8.18 8.05 7.92 7.81 7.71 7.61 7.53 7.44
6.7 43.53 11.10 10.66 10.17 10.01 9.84 9.70 9.56 9.31 9.09 8.89 8.71 8.55 8.40 8.27 8.14 8.03 7.92 7.83 7.74 7.65
6.8 44.18 11.39 10.95 10.44 10.28 10.10 9.96 9.82 9.56 9.33 9.13 8.95 8.78 8.63 8.49 8.36 8.25 8.14 8.04 7.95 7.86
6.9 44.83 11.69 11.23 10.71 10.55 10.37 10.23 10.08 9.81 9.58 9.37 9.19 9.01 8.86 8.72 8.59 8.47 8.36 8.25 8.16 8.07
7.0 45.48 11.99 11.53 10.99 10.82 10.64 10.49 10.34 10.07 9.83 9.62 9.43 9.25 9.09 8.95 8.81 8.69 8.58 8.47 8.38 8.28
7.1 46.13 12.30 11.82 11.27 11.10 10.92 10.76 10.60 10.33 10.09 9.87 9.67 9.49 9.33 9.18 9.04 8.92 8.80 8.69 8.59 8.50
7.2 46.78 12.61 12.12 11.56 11.38 11.19 11.04 10.87 10.59 10.34 10.12 9.92 9.73 9.57 9.42 9.28 9.15 9.03 8.92 8.81 8.72
7.3 47.43 12.92 12.42 11.85 11.67 11.47 11.31 11.15 10.86 10.60 10.37 10.17 9.98 9.81 9.65 9.51 9.38 9.25 9.14 9.04 8.94
7.4 48.08 13.24 12.73 12.14 11.95 11.76 11.59 11.42 11.13 10.87 10.63 10.42 10.23 10.05 9.89 9.75 9.61 9.49 9.37 9.26 9.16

7.5 48.73 13.56 13.03 12.43 12.24 12.04 11.87 11.70 11.40 11.13 10.89 10.68 10.48 10.30 10.14 9.99 9.85 9.72 9.60 9.49 9.39
—
7.6 49.38 13.88 13.35 12.73 12.54 12.33 12.16 11.98 11.67 11.40 11.15 10.93 10.73 10.55 10.38 10.23 10.09 9.96 9.84 9.72 9.62
7.7 50.03 14.21 13.66 13.03 12.83 12.62 12.45 12.27 11.95 11.67 11.42 11.19 10.99 10.80 10.63 10.47 10.33 10.20 10.07 9.96 9.85
7.8 50.68 14.54 13.98 13.34 13.13 12.92 12.74 12.55 12.23 11.95 11.69 11.46 11.25 11.06 10.88 10.72 10.58 10.44 10.31 10.19 10.09
7.9 51.33 14.87 14.30 13.64 13.44 13.22 13.03 12.84 12.51 12.22 11.96 11.72 11.51 11.32 11.14 10.97 10.82 10.68 10.55 10.43 10.32
8.0 51.97 15.21 14.62 13.95 13.74 13.52 13.33 13.14 12.80 12.50 12.23 11.99 11.77 11.58 11.39 11.23 11.07 10.93 10.80 10.68 10.56
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1.5 9.75 1.08 1.04 1.00 0.97 0.94 0.92 0.89 0.84 0.81 0.77 0.74 0.72 0.70 0.68 0.66 0.64 0.63 0.62 0.60 0.60
1.6 10.39 1.20 1.16 1.12 1.09 1.05 1.02 0.99 0.94 0.90 0.86 0.83 0.80 0.78 0.76 0.74 0.72 0.70 0.69 0.68 0.67
Appendix G
1.7 11.04 1.33 1.29 1.24 1.21 1.17 1.14 1.10 1.05 1.00 0.96 0.93 0.89 0.87 0.84 0.82 0.80 0.78 0.77 0.75 0.74
1.8 11.69 1.47 1.42 1.37 1.33 1.29 1.25 1.22 1.16 1.11 1.06 1.02 0.99 0.96 0.93 0.91 0.89 0.87 0.85 0.83 0.82
1.9 12.34 1.61 1.56 1.50 1.46 1.41 1.38 1.34 1.27 1.22 1.17 1.12 1.09 1.05 1.02 1.00 0.98 0.95 0.94 0.92 0.91
2.0 12.99 1.76 1.70 1.64 1.60 1.55 1.51 1.46 1.39 1.33 1.28 1.23 1.19 1.15 1.12 1.10 1.07 1.05 1.03 1.01 0.99

2.1 13.64 1.91 1.85 1.79 1.74 1.68 1.64 1.59 1.51 1.45 1.39 1.34 1.30 1.26 1.22 1.19 1.17 1.14 1.12 1.10 1.08
—
2.2 14.29 2.07 2.01 1.94 1.88 1.82 1.77 1.72 1.64 1.57 1.51 1.45 1.41 1.36 1.33 1.30 1.27 1.24 1.21 1.19 1.17
2.3 14.94 2.24 2.17 2.09 2.03 1.97 1.92 1.86 1.77 1.70 1.63 1.57 1.52 1.48 1.43 1.40 1.37 1.34 1.31 1.29 1.27
2.4 15.59 2.40 2.33 2.25 2.19 2.12 2.06 2.01 1.91 1.83 1.76 1.69 1.64 1.59 1.55 1.51 1.48 1.44 1.42 1.39 1.37
2.5 16.24 2.58 2.50 2.41 2.35 2.27 2.22 2.15 2.05 1.96 1.89 1.82 1.76 1.71 1.66 1.62 1.59 1.55 1.52 1.50 1.47
2.6 16.89 2.76 2.67 2.58 2.51 2.43 2.37 2.30 2.20 2.10 2.02 1.95 1.89 1.83 1.78 1.74 1.70 1.66 1.63 1.60 1.58
2.7 17.54 2.94 2.85 2.76 2.68 2.60 2.53 2.46 2.35 2.25 2.16 2.08 2.02 1.96 1.90 1.86 1.82 1.78 1.75 1.72 1.69
2.8 18.19 3.13 3.04 2.93 2.85 2.77 2.70 2.62 2.50 2.39 2.30 2.22 2.15 2.09 2.03 1.99 1.94 1.90 1.86 1.83 1.80
2.9 18.84 3.33 3.23 3.12 3.03 2.94 2.87 2.79 2.66 2.55 2.45 2.36 2.29 2.22 2.16 2.11 2.07 2.02 1.98 1.95 1.92
3.0 19.49 3.53 3.42 3.31 3.22 3.12 3.04 2.96 2.82 2.70 2.60 2.51 2.43 2.36 2.30 2.24 2.19 2.15 2.11 2.07 2.04
3.1 20.14 3.73 3.62 3.50 3.40 3.30 3.22 3.13 2.99 2.86 2.75 2.66 2.57 2.50 2.43 2.38 2.33 2.28 2.23 2.19 2.16

3.2 20.79 3.94 3.83 3.70 3.60 3.49 3.40 3.31 3.16 3.03 2.91 2.81 2.72 2.64 2.57 2.52 2.46 2.41 2.36 2.32 2.29
3.3 21.44 4.16 4.03 3.90 3.79 3.68 3.59 3.49 3.33 3.19 3.07 2.97 2.87 2.79 2.72 2.66 2.60 2.54 2.50 2.45 2.42
3.4 22.09 4.38 4.25 4.11 4.00 3.88 3.78 3.68 3.51 3.36 3.24 3.13 3.03 2.94 2.87 2.80 2.74 2.68 2.63 2.59 2.55
3.5 22.74 4.60 4.47 4.32 4.20 4.08 3.98 3.87 3.69 3.54 3.41 3.29 3.19 3.10 3.02 2.95 2.89 2.83 2.77 2.72 2.69
3.6 23.39 4.83 4.69 4.54 4.41 4.28 4.18 4.07 3.88 3.72 3.58 3.46 3.35 3.26 3.17 3.10 3.03 2.97 2.92 2.87 2.83
3.7 24.04 5.07 4.92 4.76 4.63 4.49 4.38 4.27 4.07 3.90 3.76 3.63 3.52 3.42 3.33 3.26 3.19 3.12 3.06 3.01 2.97
3.8 24.69 5.31 5.15 4.98 4.85 4.71 4.59 4.47 4.27 4.09 3.94 3.81 3.69 3.59 3.49 3.42 3.34 3.27 3.21 3.16 3.11
3.9 25.34 5.55 5.39 5.21 5.07 4.93 4.81 4.68 4.47 4.28 4.12 3.98 3.86 3.76 3.66 3.58 3.50 3.43 3.37 3.31 3.26
4.0 25.99 5.80 5.63 5.45 5.30 5.15 5.02 4.89 4.67 4.48 4.31 4.17 4.04 3.93 3.83 3.74 3.66 3.59 3.52 3.46 3.41
4.1 26.64 6.06 5.88 5.69 5.54 5.38 5.25 5.11 4.88 4.68 4.51 4.35 4.22 4.10 4.00 3.91 3.83 3.75 3.68 3.62 3.57
4.2 27.29 6.31 6.13 5.93 5.77 5.61 5.47 5.33 5.09 4.88 4.70 4.54 4.41 4.28 4.17 4.08 3.99 3.91 3.84 3.78 3.72
4.3 27.94 6.58 6.38 6.18 6.02 5.84 5.70 5.55 5.30 5.09 4.90 4.74 4.59 4.47 4.35 4.26 4.16 4.08 4.01 3.94 3.89
4.4 28.59 6.84 6.65 6.43 6.26 6.08 5.94 5.78 5.52 5.30 5.10 4.93 4.79 4.65 4.53 4.44 4.34 4.25 4.18 4.10 4.05
4.5 29.24 7.12 6.91 6.69 6.51 6.33 6.17 6.01 5.74 5.51 5.31 5.13 4.98 4.84 4.72 4.62 4.52 4.43 4.35 4.27 4.22
4.6 29.89 7.39 7.18 6.95 6.77 6.57 6.42 6.25 5.97 5.73 5.52 5.34 5.18 5.04 4.91 4.80 4.70 4.60 4.52 4.44 4.38
4.7 30.54 7.67 7.45 7.21 7.03 6.83 6.66 6.49 6.20 5.95 5.74 5.54 5.38 5.23 5.10 4.99 4.88 4.78 4.70 4.62 4.56
295
296
4.8 31.18 7.96 7.73 7.48 7.29 7.08 6.91 6.73 6.44 6.18 5.95 5.76 5.59 5.43 5.29 5.18 5.07 4.97 4.88 4.80 4.73
4.9 31.83 8.25 8.01 7.76 7.56 7.34 7.17 6.98 6.67 6.41 6.18 5.97 5.79 5.64 5.49 5.37 5.26 5.15 5.06 4.98 4.91
Appendix G
5.0 32.48 8.55 8.30 8.04 7.83 7.61 7.43 7.23 6.92 6.64 6.40 6.19 6.01 5.84 5.69 5.57 5.45 5.34 5.25 5.16 5.09
5.1 33.13 8.85 8.59 8.32 8.11 7.88 7.69 7.49 7.16 6.88 6.63 6.41 6.22 6.05 5.90 5.77 5.65 5.54 5.44 5.35 5.28
5.2 33.78 9.15 8.89 8.61 8.39 8.15 7.96 7.75 7.41 7.12 6.86 6.63 6.44 6.27 6.11 5.98 5.85 5.73 5.63 5.54 5.46
5.3 34.43 9.46 9.19 8.90 8.67 8.43 8.23 8.01 7.67 7.36 7.10 6.86 6.66 6.48 6.32 6.18 6.05 5.93 5.83 5.73 5.65
5.4 35.08 9.77 9.49 9.19 8.96 8.71 8.50 8.28 7.92 7.61 7.34 7.09 6.89 6.70 6.53 6.39 6.26 6.13 6.03 5.92 5.85
5.5 35.73 10.09 9.80 9.49 9.25 8.99 8.78 8.55 8.18 7.86 7.58 7.33 7.12 6.92 6.75 6.61 6.47 6.34 6.23 6.12 6.04
5.6 36.38 10.41 10.12 9.80 9.55 9.28 9.06 8.83 8.45 8.11 7.83 7.57 7.35 7.15 6.97 6.82 6.68 6.55 6.44 6.32 6.24
5.7 37.03 10.74 10.43 10.11 9.85 9.57 9.35 9.11 8.72 8.37 8.07 7.81 7.58 7.38 7.19 7.04 6.89 6.76 6.64 6.53 6.45
5.8 37.68 11.07 10.76 10.42 10.16 9.87 9.64 9.39 8.99 8.64 8.33 8.06 7.82 7.61 7.42 7.27 7.11 6.97 6.85 6.74 6.65
5.9 38.33 11.40 11.08 10.74 10.46 10.17 9.94 9.68 9.26 8.90 8.58 8.30 8.07 7.85 7.65 7.49 7.33 7.19 7.07 6.95 6.86
6.0 38.98 11.74 11.41 11.06 10.78 10.48 10.23 9.97 9.54 9.17 8.84 8.56 8.31 8.09 7.88 7.72 7.56 7.41 7.28 7.16 7.07
6.1 39.63 12.09 11.75 11.38 11.09 10.79 10.54 10.27 9.83 9.44 9.11 8.81 8.56 8.33 8.12 7.95 7.79 7.63 7.50 7.38 7.28
6.2 40.28 12.43 12.09 11.71 11.42 11.10 10.84 10.57 10.11 9.72 9.38 9.07 8.81 8.58 8.36 8.19 8.02 7.86 7.73 7.60 7.50
6.3 40.93 12.79 12.43 12.04 11.74 11.42 11.15 10.87 10.40 10.00 9.65 9.33 9.07 8.82 8.60 8.43 8.25 8.09 7.95 7.82 7.72
6.4 41.58 13.14 12.78 12.38 12.07 11.74 11.47 11.17 10.70 10.28 9.92 9.60 9.32 9.08 8.85 8.67 8.49 8.32 8.18 8.04 7.94
6.5 42.23 13.50 13.13 12.72 12.40 12.06 11.78 11.48 10.99 10.57 10.20 9.87 9.59 9.33 9.10 8.91 8.73 8.55 8.41 8.27 8.16
6.6 42.88 13.87 13.48 13.07 12.74 12.39 12.10 11.80 11.30 10.86 10.48 10.14 9.85 9.59 9.35 9.16 8.97 8.79 8.65 8.50 8.39
6.7 43.53 14.24 13.84 13.42 13.08 12.72 12.43 12.12 11.60 11.15 10.76 10.42 10.12 9.85 9.61 9.41 9.21 9.03 8.88 8.73 8.62
6.8 44.18 14.61 14.21 13.77 13.43 13.06 12.76 12.44 11.91 11.45 11.05 10.69 10.39 10.12 9.86 9.66 9.46 9.28 9.12 8.97 8.86
6.9 44.83 14.99 14.57 14.13 13.78 13.40 13.09 12.76 12.22 11.75 11.34 10.98 10.66 10.38 10.13 9.92 9.71 9.52 9.37 9.21 9.09
7.0 45.48 15.37 14.95 14.49 14.13 13.74 13.43 13.09 12.54 12.05 11.63 11.26 10.94 10.65 10.39 10.18 9.97 9.77 9.61 9.45 9.33
7.1 46.13 15.76 15.32 14.85 14.49 14.09 13.77 13.42 12.86 12.36 11.93 11.55 11.22 10.93 10.66 10.44 10.22 10.03 9.86 9.70 9.57
7.2 46.78 16.15 15.70 15.22 14.85 14.44 14.11 13.76 13.18 12.67 12.23 11.84 11.51 11.20 10.93 10.70 10.48 10.28 10.11 9.94 9.82
7.3 47.43 16.54 16.09 15.60 15.21 14.80 14.46 14.10 13.50 12.99 12.54 12.14 11.79 11.48 11.20 10.97 10.75 10.54 10.37 10.19 10.06
7.4 48.08 16.94 16.48 15.97 15.58 15.16 14.81 14.44 13.83 13.30 12.84 12.43 12.08 11.77 11.48 11.24 11.01 10.80 10.62 10.45 10.31

7.5 48.73 17.34 16.87 16.36 15.95 15.52 15.17 14.79 14.17 13.63 13.15 12.74 12.38 12.05 11.76 11.52 11.28 11.07 10.88 10.70 10.57
—
7.6 49.38 17.75 17.27 16.74 16.33 15.89 15.53 15.14 14.50 13.95 13.47 13.04 12.67 12.34 12.04 11.80 11.55 11.33 11.15 10.96 10.82
7.7 50.03 18.16 17.67 17.13 16.71 16.26 15.89 15.49 14.84 14.28 13.79 13.35 12.97 12.64 12.33 12.08 11.83 11.60 11.41 11.22 11.08
7.8 50.68 18.58 18.07 17.52 17.09 16.63 16.25 15.85 15.19 14.61 14.11 13.66 13.28 12.93 12.61 12.36 12.11 11.87 11.68 11.49 11.34
7.9 51.33 19.00 18.48 17.92 17.48 17.01 16.62 16.21 15.54 14.94 14.43 13.97 13.58 13.23 12.91 12.65 12.39 12.15 11.95 11.75 11.61
8.0 51.97 19.42 18.89 18.32 17.87 17.39 17.00 16.58 15.89 15.28 14.76 14.29 13.89 13.53 13.20 12.93 12.67 12.43 12.23 12.02 11.87
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(ft./sec.) 4ºC 7.2ºC 10ºC 12.8ºC 15.6ºC 18.3ºC 21.1ºC 26.7ºC 32.2ºC 37.8ºC 43.3ºC 48.9ºC 54.4ºC 60ºC 65.6ºC 71.1ºC 76.7ºC 82.2ºC 87.8ºC 93.3ºC
1.5 9.75 1.26 1.21 1.15 1.11 1.07 1.03 0.99 0.93 0.88 0.84 0.81 0.77 0.75 0.72 0.70 0.68 0.66 0.65 0.64 0.62
1.6 10.39 1.41 1.35 1.29 1.24 1.19 1.15 1.11 1.04 0.99 0.94 0.90 0.86 0.83 0.81 0.78 0.76 0.74 0.73 0.71 0.70
Appendix G
1.7 11.04 1.56 1.49 1.42 1.37 1.32 1.28 1.23 1.16 1.10 1.05 1.00 0.96 0.93 0.90 0.87 0.85 0.83 0.81 0.79 0.78
1.8 11.69 1.71 1.64 1.57 1.51 1.45 1.41 1.36 1.28 1.21 1.15 1.11 1.06 1.02 0.99 0.96 0.94 0.91 0.90 0.88 0.86
1.9 12.34 1.88 1.80 1.72 1.66 1.59 1.54 1.49 1.40 1.33 1.27 1.21 1.17 1.13 1.09 1.06 1.03 1.01 0.99 0.96 0.95
2.0 12.99 2.05 1.97 1.88 1.81 1.74 1.69 1.63 1.53 1.45 1.39 1.33 1.28 1.23 1.19 1.16 1.13 1.10 1.08 1.06 1.04

2.1 13.64 2.22 2.14 2.04 1.97 1.89 1.83 1.77 1.67 1.58 1.51 1.45 1.39 1.34 1.30 1.26 1.23 1.20 1.18 1.15 1.13
—
2.2 14.29 2.41 2.31 2.21 2.13 2.05 1.99 1.92 1.81 1.71 1.64 1.57 1.51 1.46 1.41 1.37 1.34 1.30 1.28 1.25 1.23
2.3 14.94 2.59 2.49 2.38 2.30 2.21 2.14 2.07 1.95 1.85 1.77 1.69 1.63 1.57 1.52 1.48 1.45 1.41 1.38 1.35 1.33
2.4 15.59 2.79 2.68 2.56 2.47 2.38 2.31 2.23 2.10 1.99 1.90 1.83 1.76 1.70 1.64 1.60 1.56 1.52 1.49 1.46 1.43
2.5 16.24 2.99 2.87 2.75 2.65 2.55 2.47 2.39 2.26 2.14 2.04 1.96 1.89 1.82 1.77 1.72 1.68 1.63 1.60 1.57 1.54
2.6 16.89 3.19 3.07 2.94 2.84 2.73 2.65 2.56 2.41 2.29 2.19 2.10 2.02 1.95 1.89 1.84 1.80 1.75 1.72 1.68 1.65
2.7 17.54 3.41 3.28 3.13 3.03 2.91 2.83 2.73 2.58 2.45 2.34 2.24 2.16 2.09 2.02 1.97 1.92 1.87 1.84 1.80 1.77
2.8 18.19 3.62 3.48 3.33 3.22 3.10 3.01 2.91 2.75 2.61 2.49 2.39 2.30 2.22 2.16 2.10 2.05 2.00 1.96 1.92 1.89
2.9 18.84 3.85 3.70 3.54 3.42 3.29 3.20 3.09 2.92 2.77 2.65 2.54 2.45 2.37 2.29 2.23 2.18 2.13 2.09 2.04 2.01
3.0 19.49 4.07 3.92 3.75 3.63 3.49 3.39 3.28 3.09 2.94 2.81 2.70 2.60 2.51 2.44 2.37 2.31 2.26 2.21 2.17 2.13
3.1 20.14 4.31 4.15 3.97 3.84 3.70 3.59 3.47 3.28 3.11 2.98 2.86 2.75 2.66 2.58 2.51 2.45 2.39 2.35 2.30 2.26

3.2 20.79 4.55 4.38 4.19 4.05 3.90 3.79 3.66 3.46 3.29 3.15 3.02 2.91 2.81 2.73 2.66 2.59 2.53 2.48 2.43 2.39
3.3 21.44 4.80 4.62 4.42 4.28 4.12 4.00 3.87 3.65 3.47 3.32 3.19 3.07 2.97 2.88 2.81 2.74 2.67 2.62 2.57 2.53
3.4 22.09 5.05 4.86 4.65 4.50 4.34 4.21 4.07 3.85 3.66 3.50 3.36 3.24 3.13 3.04 2.96 2.89 2.82 2.77 2.71 2.66
3.5 22.74 5.30 5.11 4.89 4.73 4.56 4.42 4.28 4.05 3.85 3.68 3.54 3.41 3.30 3.20 3.11 3.04 2.97 2.91 2.85 2.81
3.6 23.39 5.56 5.36 5.14 4.97 4.79 4.65 4.50 4.25 4.04 3.87 3.72 3.58 3.47 3.36 3.27 3.20 3.12 3.06 3.00 2.95
3.7 24.04 5.83 5.62 5.38 5.21 5.02 4.87 4.71 4.46 4.24 4.06 3.90 3.76 3.64 3.53 3.44 3.36 3.28 3.22 3.15 3.10
3.8 24.69 6.10 5.88 5.64 5.45 5.26 5.10 4.94 4.67 4.45 4.25 4.09 3.94 3.81 3.70 3.60 3.52 3.43 3.37 3.30 3.25
3.9 25.34 6.38 6.15 5.89 5.70 5.50 5.34 5.17 4.89 4.65 4.45 4.28 4.12 3.99 3.87 3.77 3.69 3.60 3.53 3.46 3.40
4.0 25.99 6.67 6.42 6.16 5.96 5.74 5.58 5.40 5.11 4.86 4.65 4.47 4.31 4.18 4.05 3.95 3.85 3.76 3.69 3.62 3.56
4.1 26.64 6.95 6.70 6.43 6.22 6.00 5.82 5.64 5.34 5.08 4.86 4.67 4.51 4.36 4.23 4.12 4.03 3.93 3.86 3.78 3.72
4.2 27.29 7.25 6.99 6.70 6.48 6.25 6.07 5.88 5.56 5.30 5.07 4.88 4.70 4.55 4.42 4.30 4.20 4.10 4.03 3.95 3.89
4.3 27.94 7.55 7.27 6.98 6.75 6.51 6.33 6.12 5.80 5.52 5.29 5.08 4.90 4.75 4.61 4.49 4.38 4.28 4.20 4.12 4.05
4.4 28.59 7.85 7.57 7.26 7.03 6.78 6.58 6.38 6.04 5.75 5.50 5.29 5.10 4.94 4.80 4.67 4.57 4.46 4.38 4.29 4.22
4.5 29.24 8.16 7.87 7.55 7.31 7.05 6.85 6.63 6.28 5.98 5.73 5.51 5.31 5.14 4.99 4.86 4.75 4.64 4.56 4.47 4.40
4.6 29.89 8.48 8.17 7.84 7.59 7.32 7.11 6.89 6.53 6.21 5.95 5.72 5.52 5.35 5.19 5.06 4.94 4.83 4.74 4.64 4.57
4.7 30.54 8.80 8.48 8.14 7.88 7.60 7.39 7.15 6.78 6.45 6.18 5.95 5.74 5.56 5.39 5.26 5.14 5.02 4.93 4.83 4.75
297
298
4.8 31.18 9.12 8.79 8.44 8.17 7.88 7.66 7.42 7.03 6.70 6.42 6.17 5.95 5.77 5.60 5.46 5.33 5.21 5.12 5.01 4.93
4.9 31.83 9.45 9.11 8.75 8.47 8.17 7.94 7.69 7.29 6.94 6.65 6.40 6.18 5.98 5.81 5.66 5.53 5.40 5.31 5.20 5.12
Appendix G
5.0 32.48 9.78 9.44 9.06 8.77 8.46 8.23 7.97 7.55 7.20 6.90 6.63 6.40 6.20 6.02 5.87 5.74 5.60 5.50 5.39 5.31
5.1 33.13 10.12 9.77 9.37 9.08 8.76 8.52 8.25 7.82 7.45 7.14 6.87 6.63 6.42 6.24 6.08 5.94 5.80 5.70 5.59 5.50
5.2 33.78 10.47 10.10 9.69 9.39 9.06 8.81 8.53 8.09 7.71 7.39 7.11 6.86 6.65 6.46 6.29 6.15 6.01 5.90 5.78 5.70
5.3 34.43 10.82 10.44 10.02 9.71 9.37 9.11 8.82 8.36 7.97 7.64 7.35 7.10 6.88 6.68 6.51 6.36 6.22 6.11 5.98 5.89
5.4 35.08 11.17 10.78 10.35 10.03 9.68 9.41 9.12 8.64 8.24 7.90 7.60 7.34 7.11 6.90 6.73 6.58 6.43 6.32 6.19 6.09
5.5 35.73 11.53 11.13 10.69 10.35 9.99 9.71 9.41 8.93 8.51 8.16 7.85 7.58 7.34 7.13 6.95 6.80 6.64 6.53 6.39 6.30
5.6 36.38 11.90 11.48 11.03 10.68 10.31 10.03 9.72 9.21 8.78 8.42 8.11 7.82 7.58 7.37 7.18 7.02 6.86 6.74 6.60 6.50
5.7 37.03 12.27 11.84 11.37 11.02 10.64 10.34 10.02 9.50 9.06 8.69 8.36 8.07 7.83 7.60 7.41 7.25 7.08 6.96 6.82 6.71
5.8 37.68 12.64 12.20 11.72 11.36 10.96 10.66 10.33 9.80 9.35 8.96 8.63 8.33 8.07 7.84 7.65 7.48 7.30 7.18 7.03 6.93
5.9 38.33 13.02 12.57 12.07 11.70 11.29 10.98 10.65 10.10 9.63 9.24 8.89 8.58 8.32 8.08 7.88 7.71 7.53 7.40 7.25 7.14
6.0 38.98 13.40 12.94 12.43 12.05 11.63 11.31 10.96 10.40 9.92 9.51 9.16 8.84 8.57 8.33 8.12 7.94 7.76 7.63 7.47 7.36
6.1 39.63 13.79 13.31 12.79 12.40 11.97 11.64 11.29 10.71 10.21 9.80 9.43 9.11 8.83 8.58 8.37 8.18 7.99 7.86 7.70 7.58
6.2 40.28 14.19 13.70 13.16 12.75 12.32 11.98 11.61 11.02 10.51 10.08 9.71 9.37 9.09 8.83 8.61 8.42 8.23 8.09 7.93 7.81
6.3 40.93 14.59 14.08 13.53 13.12 12.67 12.32 11.94 11.33 10.81 10.37 9.99 9.65 9.35 9.09 8.86 8.67 8.47 8.32 8.16 8.04
6.4 41.58 14.99 14.47 13.91 13.48 13.02 12.66 12.28 11.65 11.12 10.66 10.27 9.92 9.62 9.35 9.11 8.91 8.71 8.56 8.39 8.27
6.5 42.23 15.40 14.87 14.29 13.85 13.38 13.01 12.62 11.97 11.43 10.96 10.56 10.20 9.89 9.61 9.37 9.16 8.96 8.80 8.63 8.50
6.6 42.88 15.81 15.27 14.67 14.22 13.74 13.36 12.96 12.30 11.74 11.26 10.85 10.48 10.16 9.87 9.63 9.42 9.21 9.05 8.87 8.74
6.7 43.53 16.23 15.67 15.06 14.60 14.10 13.72 13.31 12.63 12.05 11.57 11.14 10.76 10.43 10.14 9.89 9.68 9.46 9.30 9.11 8.98
6.8 44.18 16.65 16.08 15.45 14.98 14.48 14.08 13.66 12.96 12.37 11.87 11.44 11.05 10.71 10.41 10.16 9.94 9.71 9.55 9.36 9.22
6.9 44.83 17.07 16.49 15.85 15.37 14.85 14.45 14.01 13.30 12.70 12.18 11.74 11.34 11.00 10.69 10.43 10.20 9.97 9.80 9.61 9.46
7.0 45.48 17.51 16.91 16.25 15.76 15.23 14.82 14.37 13.64 13.02 12.50 12.04 11.63 11.28 10.97 10.70 10.46 10.23 10.06 9.86 9.71
7.1 46.13 17.94 17.33 16.66 16.16 15.61 15.19 14.73 13.99 13.35 12.82 12.35 11.93 11.57 11.25 10.97 10.73 10.49 10.31 10.11 9.96
7.2 46.78 18.38 17.76 17.07 16.56 16.00 15.57 15.10 14.34 13.69 13.14 12.66 12.23 11.86 11.53 11.25 11.01 10.76 10.58 10.37 10.22
7.3 47.43 18.83 18.19 17.49 16.96 16.39 15.95 15.47 14.69 14.03 13.46 12.97 12.54 12.16 11.82 11.53 11.28 11.03 10.84 10.63 10.47
7.4 48.08 19.28 18.62 17.91 17.37 16.78 16.33 15.84 15.05 14.37 13.79 13.29 12.84 12.46 12.11 11.82 11.56 11.30 11.11 10.89 10.73

7.5 48.73 19.73 19.06 18.33 17.78 17.18 16.72 16.22 15.41 14.71 14.12 13.61 13.15 12.76 12.41 12.10 11.84 11.58 11.38 11.16 11.00
—
7.6 49.38 20.19 19.51 18.76 18.20 17.59 17.12 16.60 15.77 15.06 14.46 13.94 13.47 13.07 12.70 12.39 12.13 11.86 11.66 11.43 11.26
7.7 50.03 20.66 19.96 19.19 18.62 18.00 17.51 16.99 16.14 15.42 14.80 14.26 13.78 13.37 13.00 12.69 12.41 12.14 11.93 11.70 11.53
7.8 50.68 21.12 20.41 19.63 19.04 18.41 17.91 17.38 16.51 15.77 15.14 14.59 14.11 13.69 13.31 12.98 12.70 12.42 12.21 11.98 11.80
7.9 51.33 21.60 20.87 20.07 19.47 18.82 18.32 17.78 16.89 16.13 15.49 14.93 14.43 14.00 13.61 13.28 13.00 12.71 12.50 12.25 12.08
8.0 51.97 22.07 21.33 20.52 19.91 19.24 18.73 18.17 17.27 16.49 15.84 15.27 14.76 14.32 13.92 13.59 13.29 13.00 12.78 12.53 12.35
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1.5 9.75 1.43 1.37 1.30 1.25 1.19 1.15 1.11 1.03 0.97 0.92 0.88 0.84 0.80 0.78 0.75 0.73 0.71 0.69 0.67 0.66
1.6 10.39 1.59 1.52 1.45 1.39 1.33 1.28 1.23 1.15 1.09 1.03 0.98 0.94 0.90 0.87 0.84 0.81 0.79 0.77 0.75 0.74
Appendix G
1.7 11.04 1.76 1.69 1.60 1.54 1.47 1.42 1.37 1.28 1.20 1.14 1.09 1.04 1.00 0.96 0.93 0.91 0.88 0.86 0.84 0.82
1.8 11.69 1.94 1.86 1.77 1.70 1.62 1.57 1.51 1.41 1.33 1.26 1.20 1.15 1.10 1.07 1.03 1.00 0.97 0.95 0.93 0.91
1.9 12.34 2.12 2.03 1.93 1.86 1.78 1.72 1.65 1.55 1.46 1.38 1.32 1.26 1.21 1.17 1.13 1.10 1.07 1.04 1.02 1.00
2.0 12.99 2.31 2.21 2.11 2.03 1.94 1.88 1.80 1.69 1.59 1.51 1.44 1.38 1.33 1.28 1.24 1.20 1.17 1.14 1.11 1.09

2.1 13.64 2.51 2.40 2.29 2.20 2.11 2.04 1.96 1.84 1.73 1.64 1.57 1.50 1.44 1.39 1.35 1.31 1.27 1.24 1.21 1.19
—
2.2 14.29 2.71 2.60 2.48 2.38 2.28 2.21 2.12 1.99 1.88 1.78 1.70 1.63 1.57 1.51 1.46 1.42 1.38 1.35 1.32 1.29
2.3 14.94 2.92 2.80 2.67 2.57 2.46 2.38 2.29 2.15 2.03 1.92 1.84 1.76 1.69 1.63 1.58 1.54 1.50 1.46 1.43 1.40
2.4 15.59 3.14 3.01 2.87 2.76 2.65 2.56 2.46 2.31 2.18 2.07 1.98 1.90 1.82 1.76 1.71 1.66 1.61 1.57 1.54 1.50
2.5 16.24 3.36 3.22 3.07 2.96 2.84 2.74 2.64 2.48 2.34 2.22 2.12 2.04 1.96 1.89 1.83 1.78 1.73 1.69 1.65 1.62
2.6 16.89 3.59 3.45 3.29 3.16 3.03 2.93 2.83 2.65 2.51 2.38 2.27 2.18 2.10 2.03 1.96 1.91 1.86 1.81 1.77 1.73
2.7 17.54 3.83 3.67 3.50 3.37 3.24 3.13 3.02 2.83 2.67 2.54 2.43 2.33 2.24 2.17 2.10 2.04 1.98 1.93 1.89 1.85
2.8 18.19 4.07 3.91 3.73 3.59 3.44 3.33 3.21 3.01 2.85 2.71 2.59 2.48 2.39 2.31 2.24 2.17 2.12 2.06 2.02 1.98
2.9 18.84 4.32 4.15 3.96 3.81 3.66 3.54 3.41 3.20 3.03 2.88 2.75 2.64 2.54 2.45 2.38 2.31 2.25 2.20 2.15 2.10
3.0 19.49 4.58 4.39 4.19 4.04 3.87 3.75 3.61 3.40 3.21 3.05 2.92 2.80 2.70 2.61 2.53 2.46 2.39 2.33 2.28 2.23
3.1 20.14 4.84 4.64 4.43 4.27 4.10 3.97 3.82 3.59 3.40 3.23 3.09 2.96 2.86 2.76 2.68 2.60 2.53 2.47 2.42 2.37

3.2 20.79 5.10 4.90 4.68 4.51 4.33 4.19 4.04 3.80 3.59 3.42 3.27 3.13 3.02 2.92 2.83 2.75 2.68 2.61 2.56 2.51
3.3 21.44 5.38 5.16 4.93 4.75 4.56 4.42 4.26 4.00 3.79 3.60 3.45 3.31 3.19 3.08 2.99 2.91 2.83 2.76 2.70 2.65
3.4 22.09 5.66 5.43 5.19 5.00 4.80 4.65 4.48 4.22 3.99 3.80 3.63 3.49 3.36 3.25 3.15 3.06 2.98 2.91 2.85 2.79
3.5 22.74 5.94 5.71 5.45 5.26 5.05 4.89 4.71 4.43 4.20 3.99 3.82 3.67 3.54 3.42 3.31 3.22 3.14 3.06 3.00 2.94
3.6 23.39 6.23 5.99 5.72 5.52 5.30 5.13 4.95 4.66 4.41 4.19 4.01 3.85 3.71 3.59 3.48 3.39 3.30 3.22 3.15 3.09
3.7 24.04 6.53 6.27 5.99 5.78 5.55 5.38 5.19 4.88 4.62 4.40 4.21 4.04 3.90 3.77 3.66 3.56 3.46 3.38 3.31 3.24
3.8 24.69 6.83 6.56 6.27 6.05 5.81 5.63 5.43 5.11 4.84 4.61 4.41 4.24 4.09 3.95 3.83 3.73 3.63 3.54 3.47 3.40
3.9 25.34 7.14 6.86 6.56 6.33 6.08 5.89 5.68 5.35 5.07 4.82 4.62 4.44 4.28 4.14 4.01 3.90 3.80 3.71 3.64 3.56
4.0 25.99 7.45 7.16 6.85 6.61 6.35 6.15 5.94 5.59 5.29 5.04 4.83 4.64 4.47 4.33 4.20 4.08 3.98 3.88 3.80 3.73
4.1 26.64 7.77 7.47 7.14 6.90 6.63 6.42 6.20 5.83 5.53 5.26 5.04 4.84 4.67 4.52 4.38 4.27 4.16 4.06 3.98 3.89
4.2 27.29 8.10 7.79 7.44 7.19 6.91 6.69 6.46 6.08 5.76 5.49 5.26 5.05 4.87 4.71 4.58 4.45 4.34 4.23 4.15 4.07
4.3 27.94 8.43 8.11 7.75 7.48 7.19 6.97 6.73 6.34 6.01 5.72 5.48 5.27 5.08 4.91 4.77 4.64 4.52 4.42 4.33 4.24
4.4 28.59 8.77 8.43 8.06 7.79 7.48 7.25 7.00 6.60 6.25 5.96 5.70 5.48 5.29 5.12 4.97 4.84 4.71 4.60 4.51 4.42
4.5 29.24 9.11 8.76 8.38 8.09 7.78 7.54 7.28 6.86 6.50 6.20 5.93 5.71 5.50 5.33 5.17 5.03 4.90 4.79 4.69 4.60
4.6 29.89 9.46 9.10 8.70 8.40 8.08 7.83 7.56 7.13 6.76 6.44 6.17 5.93 5.72 5.54 5.38 5.23 5.10 4.98 4.88 4.78
4.7 30.54 9.81 9.44 9.03 8.72 8.39 8.13 7.85 7.40 7.02 6.69 6.41 6.16 5.94 5.75 5.58 5.44 5.30 5.17 5.07 4.97
299
300
4.8 31.18 10.17 9.79 9.36 9.04 8.70 8.43 8.14 7.68 7.28 6.94 6.65 6.39 6.17 5.97 5.80 5.64 5.50 5.37 5.26 5.16
4.9 31.83 10.54 10.14 9.70 9.37 9.01 8.74 8.44 7.96 7.55 7.19 6.89 6.63 6.40 6.19 6.01 5.85 5.71 5.57 5.46 5.35
Appendix G
5.0 32.48 10.91 10.49 10.04 9.70 9.33 9.05 8.74 8.24 7.82 7.45 7.14 6.87 6.63 6.42 6.23 6.07 5.91 5.78 5.66 5.55
5.1 33.13 11.28 10.86 10.39 10.04 9.66 9.36 9.05 8.53 8.09 7.72 7.40 7.11 6.87 6.65 6.45 6.29 6.13 5.98 5.87 5.75
5.2 33.78 11.66 11.23 10.74 10.38 9.99 9.68 9.36 8.83 8.37 7.99 7.65 7.36 7.11 6.88 6.68 6.51 6.34 6.19 6.07 5.95
5.3 34.43 12.05 11.60 11.10 10.73 10.32 10.01 9.67 9.12 8.66 8.26 7.91 7.61 7.35 7.12 6.91 6.73 6.56 6.41 6.28 6.16
5.4 35.08 12.44 11.98 11.47 11.08 10.66 10.34 9.99 9.43 8.94 8.53 8.18 7.87 7.60 7.36 7.14 6.96 6.78 6.63 6.50 6.37
5.5 35.73 12.84 12.36 11.83 11.44 11.01 10.67 10.31 9.73 9.24 8.81 8.45 8.13 7.85 7.60 7.38 7.19 7.01 6.85 6.71 6.58
5.6 36.38 13.24 12.75 12.21 11.80 11.36 11.01 10.64 10.04 9.53 9.10 8.72 8.39 8.10 7.85 7.62 7.42 7.24 7.07 6.93 6.80
5.7 37.03 13.65 13.14 12.59 12.17 11.71 11.36 10.98 10.36 9.83 9.38 9.00 8.66 8.36 8.10 7.86 7.66 7.47 7.30 7.15 7.02
5.8 37.68 14.07 13.54 12.97 12.54 12.07 11.71 11.31 10.68 10.14 9.68 9.28 8.93 8.62 8.35 8.11 7.90 7.71 7.53 7.38 7.24
5.9 38.33 14.48 13.95 13.36 12.91 12.43 12.06 11.66 11.00 10.45 9.97 9.56 9.20 8.89 8.61 8.36 8.15 7.94 7.76 7.61 7.46
6.0 38.98 14.91 14.36 13.75 13.29 12.80 12.42 12.00 11.33 10.76 10.27 9.85 9.48 9.16 8.87 8.62 8.39 8.19 8.00 7.84 7.69
6.1 39.63 15.34 14.77 14.15 13.68 13.17 12.78 12.35 11.66 11.08 10.57 10.14 9.76 9.43 9.13 8.87 8.64 8.43 8.24 8.08 7.92
6.2 40.28 15.77 15.19 14.55 14.07 13.55 13.14 12.71 12.00 11.40 10.88 10.43 10.05 9.70 9.40 9.13 8.90 8.68 8.48 8.32 8.16
6.3 40.93 16.21 15.61 14.96 14.47 13.93 13.52 13.07 12.34 11.72 11.19 10.73 10.33 9.98 9.67 9.40 9.16 8.93 8.73 8.56 8.39
6.4 41.58 16.66 16.04 15.37 14.87 14.32 13.89 13.43 12.69 12.05 11.51 11.04 10.63 10.27 9.95 9.66 9.42 9.18 8.98 8.80 8.63
6.5 42.23 17.11 16.48 15.79 15.27 14.71 14.27 13.80 13.04 12.38 11.82 11.34 10.92 10.55 10.22 9.94 9.68 9.44 9.23 9.05 8.88
6.6 42.88 17.56 16.92 16.21 15.68 15.10 14.66 14.17 13.39 12.72 12.15 11.65 11.22 10.84 10.50 10.21 9.95 9.70 9.48 9.30 9.12
6.7 43.53 18.02 17.36 16.64 16.09 15.50 15.04 14.55 13.75 13.06 12.47 11.97 11.52 11.13 10.79 10.49 10.22 9.97 9.74 9.55 9.37
6.8 44.18 18.49 17.81 17.07 16.51 15.91 15.44 14.93 14.11 13.40 12.80 12.28 11.83 11.43 11.08 10.77 10.49 10.24 10.00 9.81 9.62
6.9 44.83 18.96 18.27 17.51 16.94 16.31 15.83 15.32 14.47 13.75 13.14 12.61 12.14 11.73 11.37 11.05 10.77 10.51 10.27 10.07 9.88
7.0 45.48 19.43 18.72 17.95 17.37 16.73 16.24 15.70 14.84 14.11 13.47 12.93 12.45 12.04 11.66 11.34 11.05 10.78 10.54 10.33 10.14
7.1 46.13 19.91 19.19 18.40 17.80 17.15 16.64 16.10 15.22 14.46 13.82 13.26 12.77 12.34 11.96 11.63 11.33 11.06 10.81 10.60 10.40
7.2 46.78 20.40 19.66 18.85 18.24 17.57 17.05 16.50 15.59 14.82 14.16 13.59 13.09 12.65 12.26 11.92 11.62 11.34 11.08 10.87 10.66
7.3 47.43 20.89 20.13 19.30 18.68 18.00 17.47 16.90 15.98 15.19 14.51 13.93 13.42 12.97 12.57 12.22 11.91 11.62 11.36 11.14 10.93
7.4 48.08 21.38 20.61 19.76 19.12 18.43 17.89 17.31 16.36 15.55 14.86 14.27 13.74 13.28 12.88 12.52 12.20 11.91 11.64 11.42 11.20

7.5 48.73 21.88 21.10 20.23 19.58 18.86 18.31 17.72 16.75 15.93 15.22 14.61 14.07 13.61 13.19 12.82 12.50 12.20 11.92 11.70 11.47
—
7.6 49.38 22.39 21.58 20.70 20.03 19.30 18.74 18.13 17.15 16.30 15.58 14.96 14.41 13.93 13.50 13.13 12.80 12.49 12.21 11.98 11.75
7.7 50.03 22.90 22.08 21.17 20.49 19.75 19.17 18.55 17.54 16.68 15.94 15.31 14.75 14.26 13.82 13.44 13.10 12.78 12.50 12.26 12.03
7.8 50.68 23.42 22.58 21.65 20.96 20.20 19.61 18.98 17.95 17.07 16.31 15.66 15.09 14.59 14.14 13.75 13.41 13.08 12.79 12.55 12.31
7.9 51.33 23.94 23.08 22.14 21.43 20.65 20.05 19.40 18.35 17.45 16.68 16.02 15.43 14.92 14.47 14.07 13.71 13.38 13.09 12.84 12.60
8.0 51.97 24.46 23.59 22.63 21.90 21.11 20.50 19.84 18.76 17.84 17.06 16.38 15.78 15.26 14.80 14.39 14.03 13.69 13.38 13.13 12.88
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1.5 14.85 0.61 0.59 0.56 0.55 0.53 0.53 0.52 0.50 0.49 0.48 0.47 0.46 0.45 0.44 0.43 0.42 0.42 0.41 0.41 0.40
1.6 15.84 0.69 0.66 0.62 0.61 0.60 0.59 0.58 0.56 0.55 0.53 0.52 0.51 0.50 0.49 0.48 0.48 0.47 0.46 0.46 0.45
Appendix G
1.7 16.83 0.76 0.73 0.69 0.68 0.67 0.66 0.64 0.63 0.61 0.59 0.58 0.57 0.56 0.55 0.54 0.53 0.52 0.51 0.51 0.50
1.8 17.82 0.84 0.81 0.76 0.75 0.74 0.73 0.71 0.69 0.67 0.66 0.64 0.63 0.62 0.61 0.60 0.59 0.58 0.57 0.56 0.55
1.9 18.81 0.93 0.89 0.84 0.83 0.81 0.80 0.78 0.76 0.74 0.72 0.71 0.69 0.68 0.67 0.66 0.65 0.64 0.63 0.62 0.61
2.0 19.80 1.01 0.97 0.92 0.90 0.89 0.87 0.86 0.83 0.81 0.79 0.77 0.76 0.74 0.73 0.72 0.71 0.70 0.69 0.68 0.67

2.1 20.79 1.11 1.06 1.00 0.99 0.97 0.95 0.94 0.91 0.89 0.86 0.85 0.83 0.81 0.80 0.78 0.77 0.76 0.75 0.74 0.73
—
2.2 21.78 1.20 1.15 1.09 1.07 1.05 1.03 1.02 0.99 0.96 0.94 0.92 0.90 0.88 0.87 0.85 0.84 0.83 0.82 0.81 0.80
2.3 22.77 1.30 1.24 1.18 1.16 1.14 1.12 1.10 1.07 1.04 1.02 0.99 0.97 0.96 0.94 0.92 0.91 0.90 0.88 0.87 0.86
2.4 23.76 1.40 1.34 1.27 1.25 1.22 1.21 1.19 1.15 1.12 1.10 1.07 1.05 1.03 1.01 1.00 0.98 0.97 0.95 0.94 0.93
2.5 24.75 1.50 1.44 1.36 1.34 1.32 1.30 1.28 1.24 1.21 1.18 1.15 1.13 1.11 1.09 1.07 1.06 1.04 1.03 1.01 1.00
2.6 25.74 1.61 1.54 1.46 1.44 1.41 1.39 1.37 1.33 1.29 1.26 1.24 1.21 1.19 1.17 1.15 1.13 1.12 1.10 1.09 1.07
2.7 26.73 1.72 1.65 1.56 1.54 1.51 1.49 1.46 1.42 1.38 1.35 1.32 1.30 1.27 1.25 1.23 1.21 1.19 1.18 1.16 1.15
2.8 27.72 1.83 1.75 1.67 1.64 1.61 1.59 1.56 1.52 1.48 1.44 1.41 1.38 1.36 1.33 1.31 1.29 1.27 1.26 1.24 1.23
2.9 28.71 1.95 1.87 1.77 1.74 1.71 1.69 1.66 1.61 1.57 1.54 1.50 1.47 1.45 1.42 1.40 1.38 1.36 1.34 1.32 1.31
3.0 29.70 2.07 1.98 1.88 1.85 1.82 1.79 1.76 1.71 1.67 1.63 1.60 1.57 1.54 1.51 1.49 1.46 1.44 1.42 1.41 1.39
3.1 30.69 2.19 2.10 2.00 1.96 1.93 1.90 1.87 1.82 1.77 1.73 1.69 1.66 1.63 1.60 1.58 1.55 1.53 1.51 1.49 1.47

3.2 31.68 2.32 2.22 2.11 2.08 2.04 2.01 1.98 1.92 1.87 1.83 1.79 1.76 1.72 1.70 1.67 1.64 1.62 1.60 1.58 1.56
3.3 32.67 2.45 2.34 2.23 2.19 2.15 2.12 2.09 2.03 1.98 1.93 1.89 1.86 1.82 1.79 1.76 1.74 1.71 1.69 1.67 1.65
3.4 33.66 2.58 2.47 2.35 2.31 2.27 2.24 2.20 2.14 2.09 2.04 2.00 1.96 1.92 1.89 1.86 1.83 1.81 1.78 1.76 1.74
3.5 34.65 2.71 2.60 2.47 2.43 2.39 2.36 2.32 2.26 2.20 2.15 2.10 2.06 2.03 1.99 1.96 1.93 1.90 1.88 1.86 1.84
3.6 35.64 2.85 2.73 2.60 2.56 2.51 2.48 2.44 2.37 2.31 2.26 2.21 2.17 2.13 2.09 2.06 2.03 2.00 1.98 1.95 1.93
3.7 36.63 2.99 2.87 2.73 2.69 2.64 2.60 2.56 2.49 2.43 2.37 2.32 2.28 2.24 2.20 2.17 2.13 2.10 2.08 2.05 2.03
3.8 37.62 3.14 3.01 2.86 2.82 2.77 2.73 2.69 2.61 2.55 2.49 2.44 2.39 2.35 2.31 2.27 2.24 2.21 2.18 2.15 2.13
3.9 38.61 3.28 3.15 3.00 2.95 2.90 2.86 2.81 2.74 2.67 2.61 2.55 2.50 2.46 2.42 2.38 2.35 2.31 2.28 2.26 2.23
4.0 39.60 3.43 3.29 3.14 3.09 3.03 2.99 2.94 2.86 2.79 2.73 2.67 2.62 2.57 2.53 2.49 2.46 2.42 2.39 2.36 2.34
4.1 40.59 3.59 3.44 3.28 3.22 3.17 3.12 3.08 2.99 2.92 2.85 2.79 2.74 2.69 2.65 2.61 2.57 2.53 2.50 2.47 2.44
4.2 41.58 3.74 3.59 3.42 3.37 3.31 3.26 3.21 3.12 3.05 2.98 2.92 2.86 2.81 2.76 2.72 2.68 2.65 2.61 2.58 2.55
4.3 42.57 3.90 3.75 3.57 3.51 3.45 3.40 3.35 3.26 3.18 3.11 3.04 2.99 2.93 2.88 2.84 2.80 2.76 2.73 2.69 2.66
4.4 43.57 4.06 3.90 3.72 3.66 3.59 3.54 3.49 3.40 3.31 3.24 3.17 3.11 3.06 3.01 2.96 2.92 2.88 2.84 2.81 2.78
4.5 44.56 4.23 4.06 3.87 3.81 3.74 3.69 3.63 3.53 3.45 3.37 3.30 3.24 3.18 3.13 3.08 3.04 3.00 2.96 2.92 2.89
4.6 45.55 4.40 4.22 4.02 3.96 3.89 3.84 3.78 3.68 3.59 3.51 3.44 3.37 3.31 3.26 3.21 3.16 3.12 3.08 3.04 3.01
4.7 46.54 4.57 4.39 4.18 4.11 4.04 3.99 3.92 3.82 3.73 3.65 3.57 3.50 3.44 3.39 3.33 3.29 3.24 3.20 3.16 3.13
301
302
4.8 47.53 4.74 4.55 4.34 4.27 4.20 4.14 4.08 3.97 3.87 3.79 3.71 3.64 3.57 3.52 3.46 3.41 3.37 3.33 3.29 3.25
4.9 48.52 4.92 4.72 4.50 4.43 4.35 4.29 4.23 4.12 4.02 3.93 3.85 3.78 3.71 3.65 3.59 3.54 3.49 3.45 3.41 3.37
Appendix G
5.0 49.51 5.10 4.90 4.67 4.59 4.51 4.45 4.38 4.27 4.17 4.07 3.99 3.92 3.85 3.79 3.73 3.67 3.63 3.58 3.54 3.50
5.1 50.50 5.28 5.07 4.83 4.76 4.68 4.61 4.54 4.42 4.32 4.22 4.14 4.06 3.99 3.92 3.86 3.81 3.76 3.71 3.67 3.63
5.2 51.49 5.46 5.25 5.00 4.93 4.84 4.77 4.70 4.58 4.47 4.37 4.28 4.20 4.13 4.06 4.00 3.94 3.89 3.84 3.80 3.76
5.3 52.48 5.65 5.43 5.18 5.10 5.01 4.94 4.87 4.74 4.63 4.52 4.43 4.35 4.27 4.21 4.14 4.08 4.03 3.98 3.93 3.89
5.4 53.47 5.84 5.61 5.35 5.27 5.18 5.11 5.03 4.90 4.78 4.68 4.58 4.50 4.42 4.35 4.28 4.22 4.17 4.12 4.07 4.02
5.5 54.46 6.04 5.80 5.53 5.44 5.35 5.28 5.20 5.06 4.94 4.84 4.74 4.65 4.57 4.50 4.43 4.37 4.31 4.25 4.21 4.16
5.6 55.45 6.23 5.99 5.71 5.62 5.53 5.45 5.37 5.23 5.11 4.99 4.89 4.80 4.72 4.64 4.57 4.51 4.45 4.40 4.35 4.30
5.7 56.44 6.43 6.18 5.89 5.80 5.71 5.63 5.54 5.40 5.27 5.16 5.05 4.96 4.87 4.80 4.72 4.66 4.60 4.54 4.49 4.44
5.8 57.43 6.63 6.38 6.08 5.99 5.89 5.80 5.72 5.57 5.44 5.32 5.21 5.12 5.03 4.95 4.87 4.81 4.74 4.68 4.63 4.58
5.9 58.42 6.84 6.57 6.27 6.17 6.07 5.99 5.90 5.74 5.61 5.49 5.38 5.28 5.19 5.10 5.03 4.96 4.89 4.83 4.78 4.72
6.0 59.41 7.05 6.77 6.46 6.36 6.25 6.17 6.08 5.92 5.78 5.65 5.54 5.44 5.35 5.26 5.18 5.11 5.04 4.98 4.92 4.87
6.1 60.40 7.26 6.97 6.65 6.55 6.44 6.35 6.26 6.10 5.95 5.83 5.71 5.60 5.51 5.42 5.34 5.27 5.20 5.13 5.07 5.02
6.2 61.39 7.47 7.18 6.85 6.74 6.63 6.54 6.45 6.28 6.13 6.00 5.88 5.77 5.67 5.58 5.50 5.42 5.35 5.29 5.23 5.17
6.3 62.38 7.68 7.39 7.05 6.94 6.83 6.73 6.63 6.46 6.31 6.17 6.05 5.94 5.84 5.75 5.66 5.58 5.51 5.44 5.38 5.32
6.4 63.37 7.90 7.60 7.25 7.14 7.02 6.92 6.82 6.65 6.49 6.35 6.23 6.11 6.01 5.91 5.83 5.75 5.67 5.60 5.54 5.48
6.5 64.36 8.12 7.81 7.45 7.34 7.22 7.12 7.02 6.84 6.68 6.53 6.40 6.29 6.18 6.08 5.99 5.91 5.83 5.76 5.70 5.63
6.6 65.35 8.35 8.03 7.66 7.54 7.42 7.32 7.21 7.03 6.86 6.71 6.58 6.46 6.35 6.25 6.16 6.07 6.00 5.92 5.86 5.79
6.7 66.34 8.57 8.24 7.87 7.75 7.62 7.52 7.41 7.22 7.05 6.90 6.76 6.64 6.53 6.42 6.33 6.24 6.16 6.09 6.02 5.95
6.8 67.33 8.80 8.47 8.08 7.96 7.83 7.72 7.61 7.41 7.24 7.09 6.95 6.82 6.70 6.60 6.50 6.41 6.33 6.25 6.18 6.12
6.9 68.32 9.03 8.69 8.29 8.17 8.03 7.92 7.81 7.61 7.43 7.27 7.13 7.00 6.88 6.78 6.68 6.59 6.50 6.42 6.35 6.28
7.0 69.31 9.27 8.92 8.51 8.38 8.24 8.13 8.01 7.81 7.63 7.47 7.32 7.19 7.07 6.95 6.85 6.76 6.67 6.59 6.52 6.45
7.1 70.30 9.51 9.14 8.73 8.60 8.46 8.34 8.22 8.01 7.83 7.66 7.51 7.37 7.25 7.14 7.03 6.94 6.85 6.76 6.69 6.62
7.2 71.29 9.75 9.37 8.95 8.81 8.67 8.55 8.43 8.22 8.03 7.85 7.70 7.56 7.43 7.32 7.21 7.11 7.02 6.94 6.86 6.79
7.3 72.28 9.99 9.61 9.17 9.04 8.89 8.77 8.64 8.42 8.23 8.05 7.90 7.75 7.62 7.50 7.39 7.29 7.20 7.11 7.03 6.96
7.4 73.27 10.23 9.85 9.40 9.26 9.11 8.99 8.86 8.63 8.43 8.25 8.09 7.95 7.81 7.69 7.58 7.48 7.38 7.29 7.21 7.13

7.5 74.26 10.48 10.08 9.63 9.48 9.33 9.20 9.07 8.84 8.64 8.46 8.29 8.14 8.01 7.88 7.77 7.66 7.56 7.47 7.39 7.31
—
7.6 75.25 10.73 10.33 9.86 9.71 9.56 9.43 9.29 9.06 8.85 8.66 8.49 8.34 8.20 8.07 7.96 7.85 7.75 7.65 7.57 7.49
7.7 76.24 10.98 10.57 10.09 9.94 9.78 9.65 9.51 9.27 9.06 8.87 8.70 8.54 8.40 8.27 8.15 8.04 7.93 7.84 7.75 7.67
7.8 77.23 11.24 10.82 10.33 10.17 10.01 9.88 9.73 9.49 9.27 9.08 8.90 8.74 8.59 8.46 8.34 8.23 8.12 8.03 7.94 7.85
7.9 78.22 11.50 11.07 10.57 10.41 10.24 10.10 9.96 9.71 9.49 9.29 9.11 8.94 8.80 8.66 8.53 8.42 8.31 8.21 8.12 8.04
8.0 79.21 11.76 11.32 10.81 10.65 10.48 10.34 10.19 9.93 9.70 9.50 9.32 9.15 9.00 8.86 8.73 8.61 8.50 8.40 8.31 8.22
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1.5 14.85 0.82 0.79 0.77 0.74 0.72 0.70 0.68 0.65 0.62 0.59 0.57 0.55 0.54 0.52 0.51 0.50 0.48 0.48 0.47 0.46
1.6 15.84 0.92 0.89 0.85 0.83 0.80 0.78 0.76 0.72 0.69 0.66 0.64 0.62 0.60 0.58 0.57 0.56 0.54 0.53 0.52 0.52
Appendix G
1.7 16.83 1.02 0.98 0.95 0.92 0.89 0.87 0.84 0.80 0.77 0.74 0.71 0.69 0.67 0.65 0.63 0.62 0.60 0.59 0.58 0.57
1.8 17.82 1.12 1.08 1.05 1.02 0.99 0.96 0.93 0.89 0.85 0.82 0.79 0.76 0.74 0.72 0.70 0.68 0.67 0.66 0.64 0.64
1.9 18.81 1.23 1.19 1.15 1.12 1.08 1.05 1.02 0.98 0.93 0.90 0.86 0.84 0.81 0.79 0.77 0.75 0.74 0.72 0.71 0.70
2.0 19.80 1.34 1.30 1.25 1.22 1.18 1.15 1.12 1.07 1.02 0.98 0.95 0.92 0.89 0.86 0.84 0.82 0.81 0.79 0.78 0.77

2.1 20.79 1.46 1.41 1.37 1.33 1.29 1.25 1.22 1.16 1.11 1.07 1.03 1.00 0.97 0.94 0.92 0.90 0.88 0.86 0.85 0.84
—
2.2 21.78 1.58 1.53 1.48 1.44 1.39 1.36 1.32 1.26 1.21 1.16 1.12 1.08 1.05 1.02 1.00 0.98 0.96 0.94 0.92 0.91
2.3 22.77 1.71 1.65 1.60 1.55 1.51 1.47 1.43 1.36 1.30 1.25 1.21 1.17 1.14 1.11 1.08 1.06 1.03 1.02 1.00 0.98
2.4 23.76 1.84 1.78 1.72 1.67 1.62 1.58 1.54 1.47 1.40 1.35 1.30 1.26 1.23 1.19 1.17 1.14 1.12 1.10 1.08 1.06
2.5 24.75 1.97 1.91 1.85 1.80 1.74 1.70 1.65 1.57 1.51 1.45 1.40 1.36 1.32 1.28 1.25 1.23 1.20 1.18 1.16 1.14
2.6 25.74 2.11 2.04 1.98 1.92 1.86 1.82 1.77 1.69 1.62 1.55 1.50 1.45 1.41 1.37 1.34 1.31 1.29 1.26 1.24 1.22
2.7 26.73 2.25 2.18 2.11 2.05 1.99 1.94 1.89 1.80 1.73 1.66 1.60 1.55 1.51 1.47 1.44 1.41 1.38 1.35 1.33 1.31
2.8 27.72 2.39 2.32 2.25 2.19 2.12 2.07 2.01 1.92 1.84 1.77 1.71 1.66 1.61 1.57 1.53 1.50 1.47 1.44 1.42 1.40
2.9 28.71 2.54 2.47 2.39 2.32 2.26 2.20 2.14 2.04 1.96 1.88 1.82 1.76 1.71 1.67 1.63 1.60 1.56 1.53 1.51 1.49
3.0 29.70 2.70 2.62 2.53 2.46 2.39 2.33 2.27 2.17 2.08 2.00 1.93 1.87 1.82 1.77 1.73 1.70 1.66 1.63 1.60 1.58
3.1 30.69 2.86 2.77 2.68 2.61 2.53 2.47 2.40 2.30 2.20 2.12 2.05 1.99 1.93 1.88 1.84 1.80 1.76 1.73 1.70 1.67

3.2 31.68 3.02 2.93 2.83 2.76 2.68 2.61 2.54 2.43 2.33 2.24 2.17 2.10 2.04 1.99 1.94 1.90 1.86 1.83 1.80 1.77
3.3 32.67 3.18 3.09 2.99 2.91 2.83 2.76 2.68 2.56 2.46 2.37 2.29 2.22 2.16 2.10 2.05 2.01 1.97 1.93 1.90 1.87
3.4 33.66 3.35 3.25 3.15 3.07 2.98 2.90 2.83 2.70 2.59 2.50 2.41 2.34 2.27 2.21 2.17 2.12 2.08 2.04 2.00 1.98
3.5 34.65 3.52 3.42 3.31 3.22 3.13 3.06 2.97 2.84 2.73 2.63 2.54 2.46 2.39 2.33 2.28 2.23 2.19 2.15 2.11 2.08
3.6 35.64 3.70 3.59 3.48 3.39 3.29 3.21 3.13 2.99 2.87 2.76 2.67 2.59 2.52 2.45 2.40 2.35 2.30 2.26 2.22 2.19
3.7 36.63 3.88 3.77 3.65 3.55 3.45 3.37 3.28 3.13 3.01 2.90 2.80 2.72 2.64 2.57 2.52 2.46 2.41 2.37 2.33 2.30
3.8 37.62 4.07 3.95 3.82 3.72 3.62 3.53 3.44 3.28 3.15 3.04 2.94 2.85 2.77 2.70 2.64 2.58 2.53 2.49 2.44 2.41
3.9 38.61 4.25 4.13 4.00 3.90 3.78 3.69 3.60 3.44 3.30 3.18 3.07 2.98 2.90 2.83 2.77 2.71 2.65 2.61 2.56 2.53
4.0 39.60 4.44 4.32 4.18 4.07 3.96 3.86 3.76 3.60 3.45 3.33 3.22 3.12 3.04 2.96 2.89 2.83 2.78 2.73 2.68 2.64
4.1 40.59 4.64 4.51 4.36 4.25 4.13 4.03 3.93 3.76 3.61 3.48 3.36 3.26 3.17 3.09 3.03 2.96 2.90 2.85 2.80 2.76
4.2 41.58 4.84 4.70 4.55 4.43 4.31 4.21 4.10 3.92 3.76 3.63 3.51 3.40 3.31 3.23 3.16 3.09 3.03 2.98 2.93 2.89
4.3 42.57 5.04 4.90 4.74 4.62 4.49 4.38 4.27 4.08 3.92 3.78 3.66 3.55 3.45 3.37 3.29 3.22 3.16 3.11 3.05 3.01
4.4 43.57 5.25 5.10 4.94 4.81 4.68 4.57 4.45 4.25 4.09 3.94 3.81 3.70 3.60 3.51 3.43 3.36 3.29 3.24 3.18 3.14
4.5 44.56 5.46 5.30 5.13 5.00 4.86 4.75 4.63 4.43 4.25 4.10 3.96 3.85 3.75 3.65 3.57 3.50 3.43 3.37 3.31 3.27
4.6 45.55 5.67 5.51 5.34 5.20 5.05 4.94 4.81 4.60 4.42 4.26 4.12 4.00 3.89 3.80 3.72 3.64 3.57 3.50 3.44 3.40
4.7 46.54 5.89 5.72 5.54 5.40 5.25 5.13 4.99 4.78 4.59 4.43 4.28 4.16 4.05 3.94 3.86 3.78 3.71 3.64 3.58 3.53
303
304
4.8 47.53 6.11 5.93 5.75 5.60 5.45 5.32 5.18 4.96 4.77 4.60 4.45 4.32 4.20 4.10 4.01 3.93 3.85 3.78 3.72 3.67
4.9 48.52 6.33 6.15 5.96 5.81 5.65 5.52 5.38 5.14 4.94 4.77 4.61 4.48 4.36 4.25 4.16 4.07 3.99 3.93 3.86 3.81
Appendix G
5.0 49.51 6.56 6.37 6.17 6.02 5.85 5.72 5.57 5.33 5.12 4.94 4.78 4.64 4.52 4.41 4.31 4.22 4.14 4.07 4.00 3.95
5.1 50.50 6.79 6.60 6.39 6.23 6.06 5.92 5.77 5.52 5.31 5.12 4.95 4.81 4.68 4.56 4.47 4.38 4.29 4.22 4.15 4.09
5.2 51.49 7.02 6.83 6.61 6.45 6.27 6.13 5.97 5.71 5.49 5.30 5.13 4.98 4.85 4.73 4.63 4.53 4.44 4.37 4.29 4.24
5.3 52.48 7.26 7.06 6.84 6.67 6.48 6.33 6.17 5.91 5.68 5.48 5.30 5.15 5.02 4.89 4.79 4.69 4.60 4.52 4.44 4.39
5.4 53.47 7.50 7.29 7.07 6.89 6.70 6.55 6.38 6.11 5.87 5.67 5.48 5.33 5.19 5.06 4.95 4.85 4.75 4.67 4.60 4.54
5.5 54.46 7.74 7.53 7.30 7.12 6.92 6.76 6.59 6.31 6.07 5.85 5.67 5.50 5.36 5.23 5.12 5.01 4.91 4.83 4.75 4.69
5.6 55.45 7.99 7.77 7.53 7.35 7.14 6.98 6.80 6.52 6.26 6.04 5.85 5.68 5.53 5.40 5.29 5.18 5.08 4.99 4.91 4.84
5.7 56.44 8.24 8.02 7.77 7.58 7.37 7.20 7.02 6.72 6.46 6.24 6.04 5.87 5.71 5.57 5.46 5.34 5.24 5.15 5.07 5.00
5.8 57.43 8.50 8.26 8.01 7.81 7.60 7.43 7.24 6.93 6.67 6.43 6.23 6.05 5.89 5.75 5.63 5.51 5.41 5.32 5.23 5.16
5.9 58.42 8.76 8.52 8.26 8.05 7.83 7.65 7.46 7.15 6.87 6.63 6.42 6.24 6.08 5.93 5.80 5.69 5.57 5.48 5.39 5.32
6.0 59.41 9.02 8.77 8.50 8.29 8.07 7.88 7.69 7.36 7.08 6.83 6.62 6.43 6.26 6.11 5.98 5.86 5.75 5.65 5.56 5.49
6.1 60.40 9.28 9.03 8.75 8.54 8.31 8.12 7.91 7.58 7.29 7.04 6.81 6.62 6.45 6.29 6.16 6.04 5.92 5.82 5.72 5.65
6.2 61.39 9.55 9.29 9.01 8.79 8.55 8.35 8.15 7.80 7.51 7.25 7.02 6.82 6.64 6.48 6.34 6.22 6.09 5.99 5.89 5.82
6.3 62.38 9.82 9.55 9.26 9.04 8.79 8.59 8.38 8.03 7.72 7.46 7.22 7.02 6.83 6.67 6.53 6.40 6.27 6.17 6.07 5.99
6.4 63.37 10.10 9.82 9.52 9.29 9.04 8.84 8.62 8.26 7.94 7.67 7.42 7.22 7.03 6.86 6.72 6.58 6.45 6.35 6.24 6.16
6.5 64.36 10.38 10.09 9.79 9.55 9.29 9.08 8.86 8.49 8.16 7.88 7.63 7.42 7.23 7.05 6.91 6.77 6.64 6.53 6.42 6.34
6.6 65.35 10.66 10.37 10.05 9.81 9.54 9.33 9.10 8.72 8.39 8.10 7.84 7.63 7.43 7.25 7.10 6.95 6.82 6.71 6.60 6.52
6.7 66.34 10.94 10.64 10.32 10.07 9.80 9.58 9.34 8.95 8.62 8.32 8.06 7.83 7.63 7.44 7.29 7.15 7.01 6.89 6.78 6.70
6.8 67.33 11.23 10.93 10.60 10.34 10.06 9.84 9.59 9.19 8.85 8.54 8.27 8.04 7.84 7.64 7.49 7.34 7.20 7.08 6.96 6.88
6.9 68.32 11.52 11.21 10.87 10.61 10.32 10.09 9.84 9.44 9.08 8.77 8.49 8.26 8.04 7.85 7.69 7.53 7.39 7.27 7.15 7.06
7.0 69.31 11.82 11.50 11.15 10.88 10.59 10.35 10.10 9.68 9.31 9.00 8.71 8.47 8.25 8.05 7.89 7.73 7.58 7.46 7.34 7.25
7.1 70.30 12.11 11.79 11.43 11.16 10.86 10.62 10.35 9.93 9.55 9.23 8.94 8.69 8.47 8.26 8.09 7.93 7.78 7.65 7.53 7.43
7.2 71.29 12.41 12.08 11.72 11.44 11.13 10.88 10.61 10.18 9.79 9.46 9.16 8.91 8.68 8.47 8.30 8.13 7.98 7.85 7.72 7.63
7.3 72.28 12.72 12.38 12.01 11.72 11.41 11.15 10.88 10.43 10.04 9.70 9.39 9.13 8.90 8.68 8.51 8.34 8.18 8.05 7.92 7.82
7.4 73.27 13.03 12.68 12.30 12.00 11.68 11.42 11.14 10.68 10.28 9.93 9.62 9.36 9.12 8.90 8.72 8.54 8.38 8.25 8.11 8.01

7.5 74.26 13.34 12.98 12.59 12.29 11.96 11.70 11.41 10.94 10.53 10.17 9.86 9.59 9.34 9.12 8.93 8.75 8.59 8.45 8.31 8.21
—
7.6 75.25 13.65 13.29 12.89 12.58 12.25 11.98 11.68 11.20 10.78 10.42 10.09 9.82 9.57 9.33 9.15 8.97 8.80 8.65 8.51 8.41
7.7 76.24 13.97 13.60 13.19 12.87 12.53 12.26 11.96 11.47 11.04 10.66 10.33 10.05 9.79 9.56 9.37 9.18 9.01 8.86 8.72 8.61
7.8 77.23 14.29 13.91 13.50 13.17 12.82 12.54 12.23 11.73 11.30 10.91 10.57 10.28 10.02 9.78 9.59 9.40 9.22 9.07 8.92 8.81
7.9 78.22 14.61 14.22 13.80 13.47 13.12 12.83 12.51 12.00 11.55 11.16 10.82 10.52 10.25 10.01 9.81 9.61 9.43 9.28 9.13 9.02
8.0 79.21 14.94 14.54 14.11 13.77 13.41 13.11 12.80 12.27 11.82 11.42 11.07 10.76 10.49 10.24 10.03 9.83 9.65 9.49 9.34 9.23
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1.5 14.85 0.96 0.92 0.88 0.84 0.81 0.79 0.76 0.71 0.68 0.64 0.62 0.59 0.57 0.55 0.54 0.52 0.51 0.50 0.49 0.48
1.6 15.84 1.07 1.02 0.98 0.94 0.91 0.88 0.85 0.80 0.76 0.72 0.69 0.66 0.64 0.62 0.60 0.59 0.57 0.56 0.55 0.54
Appendix G
1.7 16.83 1.18 1.13 1.08 1.05 1.00 0.97 0.94 0.89 0.84 0.80 0.77 0.74 0.71 0.69 0.67 0.65 0.64 0.62 0.61 0.60
1.8 17.82 1.30 1.25 1.19 1.15 1.11 1.07 1.04 0.98 0.93 0.88 0.85 0.82 0.79 0.76 0.74 0.72 0.70 0.69 0.68 0.66
1.9 18.81 1.43 1.37 1.31 1.26 1.22 1.18 1.14 1.07 1.02 0.97 0.93 0.90 0.87 0.84 0.82 0.80 0.78 0.76 0.74 0.73
2.0 19.80 1.55 1.49 1.43 1.38 1.33 1.29 1.24 1.17 1.11 1.06 1.02 0.98 0.95 0.92 0.89 0.87 0.85 0.83 0.81 0.80

2.1 20.79 1.69 1.62 1.55 1.50 1.44 1.40 1.35 1.28 1.21 1.16 1.11 1.07 1.03 1.00 0.97 0.95 0.93 0.91 0.89 0.87
—
2.2 21.78 1.83 1.76 1.68 1.63 1.56 1.52 1.47 1.38 1.31 1.26 1.20 1.16 1.12 1.09 1.06 1.03 1.01 0.99 0.96 0.95
2.3 22.77 1.97 1.90 1.82 1.75 1.69 1.64 1.58 1.49 1.42 1.36 1.30 1.25 1.21 1.17 1.14 1.12 1.09 1.07 1.04 1.03
2.4 23.76 2.12 2.04 1.95 1.89 1.82 1.76 1.70 1.61 1.53 1.46 1.40 1.35 1.31 1.27 1.23 1.20 1.17 1.15 1.13 1.11
2.5 24.75 2.27 2.19 2.09 2.02 1.95 1.89 1.83 1.73 1.64 1.57 1.51 1.45 1.40 1.36 1.32 1.29 1.26 1.24 1.21 1.19
2.6 25.74 2.43 2.34 2.24 2.17 2.09 2.02 1.96 1.85 1.76 1.68 1.61 1.55 1.50 1.46 1.42 1.39 1.35 1.33 1.30 1.28
2.7 26.73 2.59 2.50 2.39 2.31 2.23 2.16 2.09 1.98 1.88 1.80 1.72 1.66 1.61 1.56 1.52 1.48 1.45 1.42 1.39 1.37
2.8 27.72 2.76 2.66 2.54 2.46 2.37 2.30 2.23 2.10 2.00 1.91 1.84 1.77 1.71 1.66 1.62 1.58 1.54 1.51 1.48 1.46
2.9 28.71 2.93 2.82 2.70 2.61 2.52 2.45 2.37 2.24 2.13 2.04 1.96 1.88 1.82 1.77 1.72 1.68 1.64 1.61 1.58 1.55
3.0 29.70 3.10 2.99 2.87 2.77 2.67 2.59 2.51 2.37 2.26 2.16 2.08 2.00 1.94 1.88 1.83 1.79 1.74 1.71 1.68 1.65
3.1 30.69 3.28 3.16 3.03 2.93 2.83 2.75 2.66 2.51 2.39 2.29 2.20 2.12 2.05 1.99 1.94 1.89 1.85 1.81 1.78 1.75

3.2 31.68 3.47 3.34 3.20 3.10 2.99 2.90 2.81 2.66 2.53 2.42 2.33 2.24 2.17 2.11 2.05 2.00 1.96 1.92 1.88 1.85
3.3 32.67 3.66 3.52 3.38 3.27 3.15 3.06 2.96 2.80 2.67 2.55 2.46 2.37 2.29 2.22 2.17 2.12 2.07 2.03 1.99 1.95
3.4 33.66 3.85 3.71 3.56 3.44 3.32 3.22 3.12 2.95 2.81 2.69 2.59 2.50 2.42 2.34 2.28 2.23 2.18 2.14 2.09 2.06
3.5 34.65 4.04 3.90 3.74 3.62 3.49 3.39 3.28 3.11 2.96 2.83 2.72 2.63 2.54 2.47 2.40 2.35 2.29 2.25 2.21 2.17
3.6 35.64 4.25 4.09 3.93 3.80 3.66 3.56 3.45 3.26 3.11 2.98 2.86 2.76 2.67 2.59 2.53 2.47 2.41 2.37 2.32 2.28
3.7 36.63 4.45 4.29 4.12 3.99 3.84 3.73 3.62 3.43 3.26 3.12 3.00 2.90 2.81 2.72 2.65 2.59 2.53 2.49 2.44 2.40
3.8 37.62 4.66 4.49 4.31 4.17 4.03 3.91 3.79 3.59 3.42 3.27 3.15 3.04 2.94 2.86 2.78 2.72 2.66 2.61 2.55 2.52
3.9 38.61 4.87 4.70 4.51 4.37 4.21 4.09 3.96 3.76 3.58 3.43 3.30 3.18 3.08 2.99 2.91 2.85 2.78 2.73 2.68 2.64
4.0 39.60 5.09 4.91 4.71 4.56 4.40 4.28 4.14 3.93 3.74 3.58 3.45 3.33 3.22 3.13 3.05 2.98 2.91 2.86 2.80 2.76
4.1 40.59 5.31 5.12 4.92 4.76 4.59 4.47 4.33 4.10 3.91 3.74 3.60 3.48 3.37 3.27 3.19 3.11 3.04 2.99 2.93 2.88
4.2 41.58 5.54 5.34 5.13 4.97 4.79 4.66 4.51 4.28 4.08 3.91 3.76 3.63 3.51 3.41 3.33 3.25 3.18 3.12 3.06 3.01
4.3 42.57 5.77 5.56 5.34 5.17 4.99 4.85 4.70 4.46 4.25 4.07 3.92 3.78 3.66 3.56 3.47 3.39 3.31 3.25 3.19 3.14
4.4 43.57 6.00 5.79 5.56 5.38 5.20 5.05 4.90 4.64 4.42 4.24 4.08 3.94 3.82 3.71 3.61 3.53 3.45 3.39 3.32 3.27
4.5 44.56 6.24 6.02 5.78 5.60 5.40 5.25 5.09 4.83 4.60 4.41 4.25 4.10 3.97 3.86 3.76 3.68 3.59 3.53 3.46 3.41
4.6 45.55 6.48 6.25 6.00 5.82 5.62 5.46 5.29 5.02 4.78 4.59 4.41 4.26 4.13 4.01 3.91 3.82 3.74 3.67 3.60 3.54
4.7 46.54 6.72 6.49 6.23 6.04 5.83 5.67 5.49 5.21 4.97 4.76 4.59 4.43 4.29 4.17 4.06 3.97 3.88 3.81 3.74 3.68
305
306
4.8 47.53 6.97 6.73 6.46 6.26 6.05 5.88 5.70 5.41 5.16 4.95 4.76 4.60 4.46 4.33 4.22 4.13 4.03 3.96 3.88 3.82
4.9 48.52 7.23 6.97 6.70 6.49 6.27 6.10 5.91 5.61 5.35 5.13 4.94 4.77 4.62 4.49 4.38 4.28 4.18 4.11 4.03 3.97
Appendix G
5.0 49.51 7.48 7.22 6.94 6.73 6.49 6.32 6.12 5.81 5.54 5.32 5.12 4.94 4.79 4.65 4.54 4.44 4.34 4.26 4.18 4.11
5.1 50.50 7.74 7.48 7.18 6.96 6.72 6.54 6.34 6.02 5.74 5.50 5.30 5.12 4.96 4.82 4.70 4.60 4.49 4.42 4.33 4.26
5.2 51.49 8.01 7.73 7.43 7.20 6.96 6.77 6.56 6.22 5.94 5.70 5.49 5.30 5.14 4.99 4.87 4.76 4.65 4.57 4.48 4.41
5.3 52.48 8.28 7.99 7.68 7.45 7.19 6.99 6.78 6.44 6.14 5.89 5.67 5.48 5.31 5.16 5.04 4.93 4.81 4.73 4.64 4.57
5.4 53.47 8.55 8.25 7.93 7.69 7.43 7.23 7.01 6.65 6.35 6.09 5.87 5.67 5.49 5.34 5.21 5.09 4.98 4.89 4.80 4.72
5.5 54.46 8.82 8.52 8.19 7.94 7.67 7.46 7.24 6.87 6.56 6.29 6.06 5.85 5.68 5.52 5.38 5.26 5.14 5.06 4.96 4.88
5.6 55.45 9.10 8.79 8.45 8.20 7.92 7.70 7.47 7.09 6.77 6.50 6.26 6.04 5.86 5.70 5.56 5.44 5.31 5.22 5.12 5.04
5.7 56.44 9.39 9.07 8.72 8.45 8.17 7.95 7.71 7.32 6.98 6.70 6.46 6.24 6.05 5.88 5.74 5.61 5.48 5.39 5.28 5.21
5.8 57.43 9.68 9.35 8.99 8.71 8.42 8.19 7.95 7.55 7.20 6.91 6.66 6.43 6.24 6.07 5.92 5.79 5.66 5.56 5.45 5.37
5.9 58.42 9.97 9.63 9.26 8.98 8.68 8.44 8.19 7.78 7.42 7.13 6.87 6.63 6.43 6.25 6.10 5.97 5.83 5.74 5.62 5.54
6.0 59.41 10.26 9.91 9.53 9.25 8.93 8.69 8.43 8.01 7.65 7.34 7.07 6.83 6.63 6.44 6.29 6.15 6.01 5.91 5.80 5.71
6.1 60.40 10.56 10.20 9.81 9.52 9.20 8.95 8.68 8.25 7.87 7.56 7.28 7.04 6.83 6.64 6.48 6.34 6.19 6.09 5.97 5.88
6.2 61.39 10.86 10.50 10.09 9.79 9.46 9.21 8.93 8.49 8.10 7.78 7.50 7.25 7.03 6.83 6.67 6.52 6.38 6.27 6.15 6.06
6.3 62.38 11.17 10.79 10.38 10.07 9.73 9.47 9.19 8.73 8.34 8.00 7.71 7.45 7.23 7.03 6.86 6.71 6.56 6.45 6.33 6.23
6.4 63.37 11.48 11.09 10.67 10.35 10.00 9.74 9.45 8.98 8.57 8.23 7.93 7.67 7.44 7.23 7.06 6.91 6.75 6.64 6.51 6.41
6.5 64.36 11.79 11.40 10.96 10.64 10.28 10.01 9.71 9.23 8.81 8.46 8.16 7.88 7.65 7.44 7.26 7.10 6.94 6.83 6.69 6.60
6.6 65.35 12.11 11.70 11.26 10.92 10.56 10.28 9.97 9.48 9.05 8.69 8.38 8.10 7.86 7.64 7.46 7.30 7.14 7.02 6.88 6.78
6.7 66.34 12.43 12.01 11.56 11.22 10.84 10.55 10.24 9.73 9.30 8.93 8.61 8.32 8.07 7.85 7.66 7.50 7.33 7.21 7.07 6.97
6.8 67.33 12.76 12.33 11.86 11.51 11.13 10.83 10.51 9.99 9.54 9.17 8.84 8.54 8.29 8.06 7.87 7.70 7.53 7.40 7.26 7.15
6.9 68.32 13.08 12.65 12.17 11.81 11.42 11.11 10.79 10.25 9.79 9.41 9.07 8.77 8.51 8.27 8.08 7.90 7.73 7.60 7.45 7.34
7.0 69.31 13.42 12.97 12.48 12.11 11.71 11.40 11.06 10.52 10.05 9.65 9.30 9.00 8.73 8.49 8.29 8.11 7.93 7.80 7.65 7.54
7.1 70.30 13.75 13.29 12.79 12.41 12.00 11.69 11.34 10.78 10.30 9.90 9.54 9.23 8.95 8.71 8.50 8.32 8.14 8.00 7.85 7.73
7.2 71.29 14.09 13.62 13.11 12.72 12.30 11.98 11.63 11.05 10.56 10.15 9.78 9.46 9.18 8.93 8.72 8.53 8.34 8.20 8.05 7.93
7.3 72.28 14.43 13.95 13.43 13.03 12.60 12.27 11.91 11.33 10.82 10.40 10.03 9.70 9.41 9.15 8.93 8.74 8.55 8.41 8.25 8.13
7.4 73.27 14.78 14.29 13.75 13.35 12.91 12.57 12.20 11.60 11.09 10.65 10.27 9.93 9.64 9.38 9.15 8.96 8.76 8.62 8.45 8.33

7.5 74.26 15.13 14.63 14.08 13.67 13.22 12.87 12.49 11.88 11.36 10.91 10.52 10.17 9.88 9.61 9.38 9.18 8.98 8.83 8.66 8.54
—
7.6 75.25 15.48 14.97 14.41 13.99 13.53 13.17 12.79 12.16 11.63 11.17 10.77 10.42 10.11 9.84 9.60 9.40 9.20 9.04 8.87 8.74
7.7 76.24 15.84 15.32 14.74 14.31 13.84 13.48 13.09 12.45 11.90 11.43 11.03 10.66 10.35 10.07 9.83 9.62 9.41 9.26 9.08 8.95
7.8 77.23 16.20 15.67 15.08 14.64 14.16 13.79 13.39 12.73 12.17 11.70 11.28 10.91 10.59 10.31 10.06 9.85 9.64 9.48 9.29 9.16
7.9 78.22 16.56 16.02 15.42 14.97 14.48 14.10 13.69 13.02 12.45 11.97 11.54 11.16 10.84 10.54 10.29 10.08 9.86 9.70 9.51 9.38
8.0 79.21 16.93 16.37 15.76 15.31 14.81 14.42 14.00 13.32 12.73 12.24 11.80 11.42 11.09 10.79 10.53 10.31 10.08 9.92 9.73 9.59
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1.5 14.85 1.08 1.03 0.98 0.95 0.91 0.87 0.84 0.79 0.74 0.70 0.67 0.64 0.62 0.59 0.58 0.56 0.54 0.53 0.52 0.51
1.6 15.84 1.20 1.15 1.10 1.06 1.01 0.98 0.94 0.88 0.83 0.79 0.75 0.72 0.69 0.67 0.64 0.63 0.61 0.59 0.58 0.57
Appendix G
1.7 16.83 1.33 1.28 1.22 1.17 1.12 1.08 1.04 0.98 0.92 0.87 0.83 0.80 0.77 0.74 0.72 0.70 0.68 0.66 0.64 0.63
1.8 17.82 1.47 1.41 1.34 1.29 1.23 1.19 1.15 1.08 1.02 0.96 0.92 0.88 0.85 0.82 0.79 0.77 0.75 0.73 0.71 0.70
1.9 18.81 1.61 1.54 1.47 1.41 1.35 1.31 1.26 1.18 1.11 1.06 1.01 0.97 0.93 0.90 0.87 0.85 0.82 0.80 0.78 0.77
2.0 19.80 1.75 1.68 1.60 1.54 1.48 1.43 1.37 1.29 1.22 1.16 1.10 1.06 1.02 0.98 0.95 0.93 0.90 0.88 0.86 0.84

2.1 20.79 1.90 1.82 1.74 1.67 1.60 1.55 1.49 1.40 1.32 1.26 1.20 1.15 1.11 1.07 1.04 1.01 0.98 0.96 0.94 0.92
—
2.2 21.78 2.06 1.97 1.88 1.81 1.74 1.68 1.62 1.52 1.44 1.36 1.30 1.25 1.20 1.16 1.13 1.09 1.07 1.04 1.02 1.00
2.3 22.77 2.22 2.13 2.03 1.95 1.87 1.81 1.75 1.64 1.55 1.47 1.41 1.35 1.30 1.26 1.22 1.18 1.15 1.12 1.10 1.08
2.4 23.76 2.38 2.28 2.18 2.10 2.02 1.95 1.88 1.77 1.67 1.59 1.52 1.46 1.40 1.35 1.31 1.28 1.24 1.21 1.19 1.16
2.5 24.75 2.55 2.45 2.34 2.25 2.16 2.09 2.02 1.90 1.79 1.70 1.63 1.56 1.51 1.46 1.41 1.37 1.34 1.30 1.28 1.25
2.6 25.74 2.73 2.62 2.50 2.41 2.31 2.24 2.16 2.03 1.92 1.82 1.74 1.67 1.61 1.56 1.51 1.47 1.43 1.40 1.37 1.34
2.7 26.73 2.91 2.79 2.66 2.57 2.47 2.39 2.30 2.17 2.05 1.95 1.86 1.79 1.72 1.67 1.62 1.57 1.53 1.49 1.46 1.43
2.8 27.72 3.09 2.97 2.84 2.73 2.63 2.54 2.45 2.31 2.18 2.08 1.99 1.91 1.84 1.78 1.72 1.68 1.63 1.59 1.56 1.53
2.9 28.71 3.28 3.15 3.01 2.90 2.79 2.70 2.60 2.45 2.32 2.21 2.11 2.03 1.95 1.89 1.83 1.78 1.74 1.69 1.66 1.63
3.0 29.70 3.48 3.34 3.19 3.08 2.96 2.86 2.76 2.60 2.46 2.34 2.24 2.15 2.07 2.01 1.95 1.89 1.84 1.80 1.76 1.73
3.1 30.69 3.67 3.53 3.37 3.26 3.13 3.03 2.92 2.75 2.60 2.48 2.37 2.28 2.20 2.13 2.06 2.01 1.95 1.91 1.87 1.83

3.2 31.68 3.88 3.73 3.56 3.44 3.30 3.20 3.09 2.91 2.75 2.62 2.51 2.41 2.32 2.25 2.18 2.12 2.07 2.02 1.98 1.94
3.3 32.67 4.09 3.93 3.76 3.62 3.48 3.37 3.26 3.07 2.90 2.77 2.65 2.54 2.45 2.37 2.30 2.24 2.18 2.13 2.09 2.05
3.4 33.66 4.30 4.13 3.95 3.82 3.67 3.55 3.43 3.23 3.06 2.92 2.79 2.68 2.59 2.50 2.43 2.36 2.30 2.25 2.20 2.16
3.5 34.65 4.52 4.34 4.15 4.01 3.85 3.73 3.61 3.40 3.22 3.07 2.94 2.82 2.72 2.63 2.56 2.49 2.42 2.37 2.32 2.27
3.6 35.64 4.74 4.56 4.36 4.21 4.05 3.92 3.79 3.57 3.38 3.22 3.09 2.97 2.86 2.77 2.69 2.62 2.55 2.49 2.44 2.39
3.7 36.63 4.97 4.78 4.57 4.41 4.24 4.11 3.97 3.74 3.55 3.38 3.24 3.11 3.00 2.91 2.82 2.75 2.68 2.61 2.56 2.51
3.8 37.62 5.20 5.00 4.78 4.62 4.44 4.31 4.16 3.92 3.72 3.54 3.39 3.26 3.15 3.05 2.96 2.88 2.81 2.74 2.68 2.63
3.9 38.61 5.43 5.23 5.00 4.83 4.65 4.50 4.35 4.10 3.89 3.71 3.55 3.41 3.30 3.19 3.10 3.01 2.94 2.87 2.81 2.76
4.0 39.60 5.67 5.46 5.22 5.05 4.85 4.71 4.55 4.29 4.06 3.88 3.71 3.57 3.45 3.34 3.24 3.15 3.07 3.00 2.94 2.88
4.1 40.59 5.92 5.70 5.45 5.27 5.07 4.91 4.74 4.47 4.24 4.05 3.88 3.73 3.60 3.48 3.38 3.29 3.21 3.14 3.07 3.01
4.2 41.58 6.17 5.94 5.68 5.49 5.28 5.12 4.95 4.67 4.43 4.22 4.05 3.89 3.76 3.64 3.53 3.44 3.35 3.27 3.21 3.15
4.3 42.57 6.42 6.18 5.92 5.72 5.50 5.33 5.15 4.86 4.61 4.40 4.22 4.06 3.92 3.79 3.68 3.59 3.50 3.41 3.35 3.28
4.4 43.57 6.68 6.43 6.16 5.95 5.72 5.55 5.36 5.06 4.80 4.58 4.39 4.22 4.08 3.95 3.84 3.74 3.64 3.56 3.49 3.42
4.5 44.56 6.94 6.68 6.40 6.18 5.95 5.77 5.58 5.26 5.00 4.77 4.57 4.40 4.24 4.11 3.99 3.89 3.79 3.70 3.63 3.56
4.6 45.55 7.21 6.94 6.65 6.42 6.18 6.00 5.80 5.47 5.19 4.95 4.75 4.57 4.41 4.27 4.15 4.04 3.94 3.85 3.78 3.70
4.7 46.54 7.48 7.20 6.90 6.67 6.42 6.22 6.02 5.68 5.39 5.14 4.93 4.75 4.58 4.44 4.31 4.20 4.10 4.00 3.92 3.85
307
308
4.8 47.53 7.76 7.47 7.15 6.91 6.66 6.46 6.24 5.89 5.59 5.34 5.12 4.93 4.76 4.61 4.48 4.36 4.25 4.15 4.07 3.99
4.9 48.52 8.03 7.74 7.41 7.17 6.90 6.69 6.47 6.11 5.80 5.54 5.31 5.11 4.94 4.78 4.64 4.52 4.41 4.31 4.23 4.14
Appendix G
5.0 49.51 8.32 8.01 7.68 7.42 7.14 6.93 6.70 6.33 6.01 5.74 5.50 5.30 5.12 4.96 4.81 4.69 4.57 4.47 4.38 4.30
5.1 50.50 8.61 8.29 7.94 7.68 7.39 7.17 6.94 6.55 6.22 5.94 5.70 5.48 5.30 5.13 4.99 4.86 4.74 4.63 4.54 4.45
5.2 51.49 8.90 8.57 8.21 7.94 7.65 7.42 7.18 6.78 6.44 6.15 5.90 5.68 5.48 5.31 5.16 5.03 4.91 4.79 4.70 4.61
5.3 52.48 9.19 8.86 8.49 8.21 7.91 7.67 7.42 7.01 6.66 6.36 6.10 5.87 5.67 5.50 5.34 5.20 5.08 4.96 4.86 4.77
5.4 53.47 9.49 9.15 8.77 8.48 8.17 7.93 7.66 7.24 6.88 6.57 6.30 6.07 5.86 5.68 5.52 5.38 5.25 5.13 5.03 4.93
5.5 54.46 9.80 9.44 9.05 8.75 8.43 8.18 7.91 7.48 7.10 6.79 6.51 6.27 6.06 5.87 5.70 5.56 5.42 5.30 5.20 5.10
5.6 55.45 10.11 9.74 9.34 9.03 8.70 8.44 8.17 7.72 7.33 7.00 6.72 6.47 6.25 6.06 5.89 5.74 5.60 5.47 5.37 5.27
5.7 56.44 10.42 10.04 9.63 9.31 8.97 8.71 8.42 7.96 7.56 7.23 6.93 6.68 6.45 6.25 6.08 5.92 5.78 5.65 5.54 5.44
5.8 57.43 10.74 10.35 9.92 9.60 9.25 8.98 8.68 8.21 7.80 7.45 7.15 6.89 6.66 6.45 6.27 6.11 5.96 5.83 5.72 5.61
5.9 58.42 11.06 10.66 10.22 9.89 9.53 9.25 8.95 8.46 8.04 7.68 7.37 7.10 6.86 6.65 6.47 6.30 6.15 6.01 5.89 5.78
6.0 59.41 11.38 10.97 10.52 10.18 9.81 9.52 9.21 8.71 8.28 7.91 7.59 7.31 7.07 6.85 6.66 6.49 6.34 6.19 6.07 5.96
6.1 60.40 11.71 11.29 10.83 10.48 10.10 9.80 9.48 8.97 8.52 8.15 7.82 7.53 7.28 7.06 6.86 6.69 6.53 6.38 6.26 6.14
6.2 61.39 12.05 11.61 11.14 10.78 10.39 10.08 9.76 9.23 8.77 8.38 8.05 7.75 7.49 7.26 7.06 6.88 6.72 6.57 6.44 6.32
6.3 62.38 12.38 11.94 11.45 11.08 10.68 10.37 10.03 9.49 9.02 8.62 8.28 7.98 7.71 7.47 7.27 7.08 6.91 6.76 6.63 6.50
6.4 63.37 12.72 12.27 11.77 11.39 10.98 10.66 10.31 9.75 9.28 8.87 8.51 8.20 7.93 7.69 7.47 7.29 7.11 6.95 6.82 6.69
6.5 64.36 13.07 12.60 12.09 11.70 11.28 10.95 10.60 10.02 9.53 9.11 8.75 8.43 8.15 7.90 7.68 7.49 7.31 7.15 7.01 6.88
6.6 65.35 13.42 12.94 12.41 12.02 11.58 11.25 10.88 10.30 9.79 9.36 8.99 8.66 8.38 8.12 7.90 7.70 7.51 7.35 7.21 7.07
6.7 66.34 13.77 13.28 12.74 12.33 11.89 11.55 11.17 10.57 10.06 9.61 9.23 8.90 8.60 8.34 8.11 7.91 7.72 7.55 7.40 7.27
6.8 67.33 14.13 13.63 13.07 12.66 12.20 11.85 11.47 10.85 10.32 9.87 9.48 9.13 8.83 8.56 8.33 8.12 7.93 7.75 7.60 7.46
6.9 68.32 14.49 13.97 13.41 12.98 12.52 12.16 11.77 11.13 10.59 10.13 9.73 9.37 9.07 8.79 8.55 8.34 8.14 7.96 7.81 7.66
7.0 69.31 14.85 14.33 13.75 13.31 12.83 12.47 12.07 11.42 10.86 10.39 9.98 9.62 9.30 9.02 8.77 8.55 8.35 8.16 8.01 7.86
7.1 70.30 15.22 14.68 14.09 13.64 13.16 12.78 12.37 11.71 11.14 10.65 10.23 9.86 9.54 9.25 9.00 8.77 8.56 8.37 8.22 8.06
7.2 71.29 15.60 15.04 14.44 13.98 13.48 13.10 12.68 12.00 11.42 10.92 10.49 10.11 9.78 9.48 9.22 9.00 8.78 8.59 8.43 8.27
7.3 72.28 15.97 15.41 14.79 14.32 13.81 13.42 12.99 12.29 11.70 11.19 10.75 10.36 10.02 9.72 9.46 9.22 9.00 8.80 8.64 8.48
7.4 73.27 16.35 15.78 15.14 14.66 14.14 13.74 13.30 12.59 11.98 11.46 11.01 10.62 10.27 9.96 9.69 9.45 9.22 9.02 8.85 8.69

7.5 74.26 16.74 16.15 15.50 15.01 14.48 14.07 13.62 12.89 12.27 11.74 11.28 10.87 10.52 10.20 9.92 9.68 9.45 9.24 9.07 8.90
—
7.6 75.25 17.13 16.52 15.86 15.36 14.82 14.40 13.94 13.20 12.56 12.02 11.54 11.13 10.77 10.45 10.16 9.91 9.68 9.46 9.29 9.11
7.7 76.24 17.52 16.90 16.23 15.72 15.16 14.73 14.26 13.50 12.85 12.30 11.82 11.39 11.02 10.69 10.40 10.14 9.90 9.69 9.51 9.33
7.8 77.23 17.91 17.29 16.60 16.07 15.50 15.07 14.59 13.81 13.15 12.58 12.09 11.66 11.28 10.94 10.64 10.38 10.14 9.91 9.73 9.55
7.9 78.22 18.31 17.67 16.97 16.44 15.85 15.41 14.92 14.13 13.45 12.87 12.37 11.93 11.54 11.19 10.89 10.62 10.37 10.14 9.96 9.77
8.0 79.21 18.72 18.06 17.34 16.80 16.21 15.75 15.25 14.44 13.75 13.16 12.65 12.20 11.80 11.45 11.14 10.86 10.61 10.38 10.18 10.00
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1.5 21.12 0.49 0.47 0.45 0.44 0.43 0.42 0.42 0.40 0.39 0.38 0.37 0.37 0.36 0.35 0.35 0.34 0.34 0.33 0.33 0.32
1.6 22.53 0.55 0.53 0.50 0.49 0.48 0.47 0.47 0.45 0.44 0.43 0.42 0.41 0.40 0.40 0.39 0.38 0.38 0.37 0.37 0.36
Appendix G
1.7 23.93 0.61 0.59 0.56 0.55 0.54 0.53 0.52 0.50 0.49 0.48 0.47 0.46 0.45 0.44 0.43 0.43 0.42 0.42 0.41 0.40
1.8 25.34 0.68 0.65 0.61 0.60 0.59 0.58 0.57 0.56 0.54 0.53 0.52 0.51 0.50 0.49 0.48 0.47 0.47 0.46 0.45 0.45
1.9 26.75 0.74 0.71 0.68 0.66 0.65 0.64 0.63 0.61 0.60 0.58 0.57 0.56 0.55 0.54 0.53 0.52 0.51 0.51 0.50 0.49
2.0 28.16 0.81 0.78 0.74 0.73 0.71 0.70 0.69 0.67 0.65 0.64 0.63 0.61 0.60 0.59 0.58 0.57 0.56 0.56 0.55 0.54

2.1 29.57 0.89 0.85 0.81 0.79 0.78 0.77 0.75 0.73 0.71 0.70 0.68 0.67 0.66 0.64 0.63 0.62 0.61 0.61 0.60 0.59
—
2.2 30.97 0.96 0.92 0.88 0.86 0.85 0.83 0.82 0.80 0.78 0.76 0.74 0.73 0.71 0.70 0.69 0.68 0.67 0.66 0.65 0.64
2.3 32.38 1.04 1.00 0.95 0.93 0.91 0.90 0.89 0.86 0.84 0.82 0.80 0.79 0.77 0.76 0.75 0.73 0.72 0.71 0.71 0.70
2.4 33.79 1.12 1.07 1.02 1.00 0.99 0.97 0.96 0.93 0.91 0.88 0.87 0.85 0.83 0.82 0.80 0.79 0.78 0.77 0.76 0.75
2.5 35.20 1.21 1.16 1.10 1.08 1.06 1.04 1.03 1.00 0.97 0.95 0.93 0.91 0.90 0.88 0.87 0.85 0.84 0.83 0.82 0.81
2.6 36.60 1.29 1.24 1.18 1.16 1.14 1.12 1.10 1.07 1.04 1.02 1.00 0.98 0.96 0.94 0.93 0.92 0.90 0.89 0.88 0.87
2.7 38.01 1.38 1.32 1.26 1.24 1.22 1.20 1.18 1.15 1.12 1.09 1.07 1.05 1.03 1.01 0.99 0.98 0.97 0.95 0.94 0.93
2.8 39.42 1.47 1.41 1.34 1.32 1.30 1.28 1.26 1.22 1.19 1.16 1.14 1.12 1.10 1.08 1.06 1.05 1.03 1.02 1.00 0.99
2.9 40.83 1.57 1.50 1.43 1.40 1.38 1.36 1.34 1.30 1.27 1.24 1.21 1.19 1.17 1.15 1.13 1.11 1.10 1.08 1.07 1.06
3.0 42.24 1.66 1.59 1.52 1.49 1.47 1.44 1.42 1.38 1.35 1.32 1.29 1.26 1.24 1.22 1.20 1.18 1.17 1.15 1.14 1.13
3.1 43.64 1.76 1.69 1.61 1.58 1.55 1.53 1.51 1.47 1.43 1.40 1.37 1.34 1.32 1.29 1.27 1.26 1.24 1.22 1.21 1.19

3.2 45.05 1.86 1.79 1.70 1.67 1.64 1.62 1.60 1.55 1.51 1.48 1.45 1.42 1.39 1.37 1.35 1.33 1.31 1.29 1.28 1.26
3.3 46.46 1.97 1.89 1.80 1.77 1.74 1.71 1.69 1.64 1.60 1.56 1.53 1.50 1.47 1.45 1.43 1.41 1.39 1.37 1.35 1.34
3.4 47.87 2.07 1.99 1.89 1.86 1.83 1.80 1.78 1.73 1.69 1.65 1.61 1.58 1.55 1.53 1.51 1.48 1.46 1.44 1.43 1.41
3.5 49.28 2.18 2.09 1.99 1.96 1.93 1.90 1.87 1.82 1.78 1.74 1.70 1.67 1.64 1.61 1.59 1.56 1.54 1.52 1.50 1.49
3.6 50.68 2.29 2.20 2.10 2.06 2.03 2.00 1.97 1.92 1.87 1.83 1.79 1.75 1.72 1.69 1.67 1.64 1.62 1.60 1.58 1.56
3.7 52.09 2.41 2.31 2.20 2.17 2.13 2.10 2.07 2.01 1.96 1.92 1.88 1.84 1.81 1.78 1.75 1.73 1.70 1.68 1.66 1.64
3.8 53.50 2.52 2.42 2.31 2.27 2.23 2.20 2.17 2.11 2.06 2.01 1.97 1.93 1.90 1.87 1.84 1.81 1.79 1.77 1.74 1.72
3.9 54.91 2.64 2.54 2.42 2.38 2.34 2.31 2.27 2.21 2.16 2.11 2.07 2.03 1.99 1.96 1.93 1.90 1.87 1.85 1.83 1.81
4.0 56.31 2.76 2.65 2.53 2.49 2.45 2.41 2.38 2.31 2.26 2.21 2.16 2.12 2.08 2.05 2.02 1.99 1.96 1.94 1.91 1.89
4.1 57.72 2.89 2.77 2.64 2.60 2.56 2.52 2.48 2.42 2.36 2.31 2.26 2.22 2.18 2.14 2.11 2.08 2.05 2.03 2.00 1.98
4.2 59.13 3.01 2.90 2.76 2.72 2.67 2.63 2.59 2.52 2.46 2.41 2.36 2.31 2.27 2.24 2.20 2.17 2.14 2.12 2.09 2.07
4.3 60.54 3.14 3.02 2.88 2.83 2.78 2.74 2.70 2.63 2.57 2.51 2.46 2.42 2.37 2.33 2.30 2.27 2.24 2.21 2.18 2.16
4.4 61.95 3.27 3.14 3.00 2.95 2.90 2.86 2.82 2.74 2.68 2.62 2.57 2.52 2.47 2.43 2.40 2.36 2.33 2.30 2.27 2.25
4.5 63.35 3.41 3.27 3.12 3.07 3.02 2.98 2.93 2.86 2.79 2.73 2.67 2.62 2.58 2.53 2.50 2.46 2.43 2.40 2.37 2.34
4.6 64.76 3.54 3.40 3.24 3.19 3.14 3.10 3.05 2.97 2.90 2.84 2.78 2.73 2.68 2.64 2.60 2.56 2.53 2.49 2.47 2.44
4.7 66.17 3.68 3.54 3.37 3.32 3.26 3.22 3.17 3.09 3.01 2.95 2.89 2.83 2.79 2.74 2.70 2.66 2.63 2.59 2.56 2.54
309
310
4.8 67.58 3.82 3.67 3.50 3.45 3.39 3.34 3.29 3.21 3.13 3.06 3.00 2.94 2.89 2.85 2.80 2.77 2.73 2.69 2.66 2.63
4.9 68.99 3.96 3.81 3.63 3.58 3.52 3.47 3.42 3.33 3.25 3.18 3.11 3.06 3.00 2.96 2.91 2.87 2.83 2.80 2.76 2.73
Appendix G
5.0 70.39 4.11 3.95 3.77 3.71 3.65 3.60 3.54 3.45 3.37 3.30 3.23 3.17 3.12 3.07 3.02 2.98 2.94 2.90 2.87 2.84
5.1 71.80 4.25 4.09 3.90 3.84 3.78 3.73 3.67 3.57 3.49 3.41 3.35 3.28 3.23 3.18 3.13 3.09 3.04 3.01 2.97 2.94
5.2 73.21 4.40 4.23 4.04 3.98 3.91 3.86 3.80 3.70 3.61 3.54 3.47 3.40 3.34 3.29 3.24 3.20 3.15 3.12 3.08 3.05
5.3 74.62 4.56 4.38 4.18 4.11 4.05 3.99 3.93 3.83 3.74 3.66 3.59 3.52 3.46 3.41 3.36 3.31 3.26 3.23 3.19 3.15
5.4 76.02 4.71 4.53 4.32 4.25 4.18 4.13 4.07 3.96 3.87 3.79 3.71 3.64 3.58 3.52 3.47 3.42 3.38 3.34 3.30 3.26
5.5 77.43 4.87 4.68 4.46 4.40 4.32 4.26 4.20 4.09 4.00 3.91 3.83 3.76 3.70 3.64 3.59 3.54 3.49 3.45 3.41 3.37
5.6 78.84 5.02 4.83 4.61 4.54 4.47 4.40 4.34 4.23 4.13 4.04 3.96 3.89 3.82 3.76 3.71 3.66 3.61 3.56 3.52 3.49
5.7 80.25 5.19 4.99 4.76 4.69 4.61 4.55 4.48 4.37 4.26 4.17 4.09 4.02 3.95 3.89 3.83 3.78 3.73 3.68 3.64 3.60
5.8 81.66 5.35 5.14 4.91 4.83 4.76 4.69 4.62 4.50 4.40 4.31 4.22 4.14 4.07 4.01 3.95 3.90 3.84 3.80 3.76 3.72
5.9 83.06 5.51 5.30 5.06 4.99 4.90 4.84 4.77 4.65 4.54 4.44 4.35 4.27 4.20 4.14 4.07 4.02 3.97 3.92 3.87 3.83
6.0 84.47 5.68 5.47 5.22 5.14 5.05 4.99 4.91 4.79 4.68 4.58 4.49 4.41 4.33 4.26 4.20 4.14 4.09 4.04 3.99 3.95
6.1 85.88 5.85 5.63 5.37 5.29 5.21 5.14 5.06 4.93 4.82 4.72 4.62 4.54 4.46 4.39 4.33 4.27 4.21 4.16 4.12 4.07
6.2 87.29 6.02 5.79 5.53 5.45 5.36 5.29 5.21 5.08 4.96 4.86 4.76 4.67 4.60 4.52 4.46 4.40 4.34 4.29 4.24 4.19
6.3 88.70 6.20 5.96 5.69 5.61 5.52 5.44 5.36 5.23 5.11 5.00 4.90 4.81 4.73 4.66 4.59 4.53 4.47 4.41 4.36 4.32
6.4 90.10 6.37 6.13 5.86 5.77 5.67 5.60 5.52 5.38 5.25 5.14 5.04 4.95 4.87 4.79 4.72 4.66 4.60 4.54 4.49 4.44
6.5 91.51 6.55 6.30 6.02 5.93 5.83 5.76 5.67 5.53 5.40 5.29 5.19 5.09 5.01 4.93 4.86 4.79 4.73 4.67 4.62 4.57
6.6 92.92 6.73 6.48 6.19 6.09 6.00 5.92 5.83 5.68 5.55 5.44 5.33 5.23 5.15 5.07 4.99 4.93 4.86 4.80 4.75 4.70
6.7 94.33 6.92 6.66 6.36 6.26 6.16 6.08 5.99 5.84 5.71 5.59 5.48 5.38 5.29 5.21 5.13 5.06 5.00 4.94 4.88 4.83
6.8 95.73 7.10 6.83 6.53 6.43 6.33 6.24 6.15 6.00 5.86 5.74 5.63 5.52 5.43 5.35 5.27 5.20 5.13 5.07 5.02 4.96
6.9 97.14 7.29 7.02 6.70 6.60 6.50 6.41 6.32 6.16 6.02 5.89 5.78 5.67 5.58 5.49 5.41 5.34 5.27 5.21 5.15 5.10
7.0 98.55 7.48 7.20 6.88 6.77 6.67 6.58 6.48 6.32 6.17 6.05 5.93 5.82 5.73 5.64 5.56 5.48 5.41 5.35 5.29 5.23
7.1 99.96 7.67 7.38 7.05 6.95 6.84 6.75 6.65 6.48 6.34 6.20 6.08 5.97 5.87 5.78 5.70 5.62 5.55 5.49 5.43 5.37
7.2 101.37 7.86 7.57 7.23 7.13 7.01 6.92 6.82 6.65 6.50 6.36 6.24 6.13 6.03 5.93 5.85 5.77 5.70 5.63 5.57 5.51
7.3 102.77 8.06 7.76 7.41 7.30 7.19 7.09 6.99 6.82 6.66 6.52 6.40 6.28 6.18 6.08 6.00 5.92 5.84 5.77 5.71 5.65
7.4 104.18 8.26 7.95 7.60 7.48 7.37 7.27 7.16 6.99 6.83 6.68 6.56 6.44 6.33 6.24 6.15 6.06 5.99 5.92 5.85 5.79

7.5 105.59 8.46 8.14 7.78 7.67 7.55 7.44 7.34 7.16 6.99 6.85 6.72 6.60 6.49 6.39 6.30 6.21 6.13 6.06 6.00 5.93
—
7.6 107.00 8.66 8.34 7.97 7.85 7.73 7.62 7.52 7.33 7.16 7.01 6.88 6.76 6.65 6.55 6.45 6.37 6.28 6.21 6.14 6.08
7.7 108.41 8.87 8.54 8.16 8.04 7.91 7.81 7.70 7.50 7.33 7.18 7.04 6.92 6.81 6.70 6.61 6.52 6.44 6.36 6.29 6.23
7.8 109.81 9.07 8.74 8.35 8.23 8.10 7.99 7.88 7.68 7.51 7.35 7.21 7.08 6.97 6.86 6.76 6.67 6.59 6.51 6.44 6.37
7.9 111.22 9.28 8.94 8.54 8.42 8.28 8.17 8.06 7.86 7.68 7.52 7.38 7.25 7.13 7.02 6.92 6.83 6.74 6.67 6.59 6.52
8.0 112.63 9.49 9.14 8.74 8.61 8.47 8.36 8.24 8.04 7.86 7.70 7.55 7.42 7.29 7.18 7.08 6.99 6.90 6.82 6.74 6.68
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1.5 21.12 0.65 0.63 0.61 0.59 0.57 0.56 0.54 0.52 0.49 0.48 0.46 0.44 0.43 0.42 0.41 0.40 0.39 0.38 0.38 0.37
1.6 22.53 0.73 0.71 0.68 0.66 0.64 0.63 0.61 0.58 0.55 0.53 0.51 0.50 0.48 0.47 0.46 0.45 0.44 0.43 0.42 0.41
Appendix G
1.7 23.93 0.81 0.78 0.76 0.74 0.71 0.70 0.68 0.64 0.62 0.59 0.57 0.55 0.54 0.52 0.51 0.50 0.49 0.48 0.47 0.46
1.8 25.34 0.89 0.87 0.84 0.81 0.79 0.77 0.75 0.71 0.68 0.65 0.63 0.61 0.59 0.58 0.56 0.55 0.54 0.53 0.52 0.51
1.9 26.75 0.98 0.95 0.92 0.89 0.87 0.84 0.82 0.78 0.75 0.72 0.69 0.67 0.65 0.63 0.62 0.61 0.59 0.58 0.57 0.56
2.0 28.16 1.07 1.04 1.00 0.98 0.95 0.92 0.90 0.85 0.82 0.79 0.76 0.74 0.71 0.70 0.68 0.66 0.65 0.64 0.63 0.62

2.1 29.57 1.16 1.13 1.09 1.06 1.03 1.00 0.98 0.93 0.89 0.86 0.83 0.80 0.78 0.76 0.74 0.72 0.71 0.70 0.68 0.67
—
2.2 30.97 1.26 1.22 1.18 1.15 1.12 1.09 1.06 1.01 0.97 0.93 0.90 0.87 0.85 0.82 0.80 0.79 0.77 0.76 0.74 0.73
2.3 32.38 1.36 1.32 1.28 1.24 1.21 1.18 1.14 1.09 1.05 1.01 0.97 0.94 0.92 0.89 0.87 0.85 0.83 0.82 0.80 0.79
2.4 33.79 1.47 1.42 1.38 1.34 1.30 1.27 1.23 1.18 1.13 1.09 1.05 1.02 0.99 0.96 0.94 0.92 0.90 0.88 0.87 0.85
2.5 35.20 1.57 1.53 1.48 1.44 1.39 1.36 1.32 1.26 1.21 1.17 1.13 1.09 1.06 1.03 1.01 0.99 0.97 0.95 0.93 0.92
2.6 36.60 1.68 1.63 1.58 1.54 1.49 1.46 1.42 1.35 1.30 1.25 1.21 1.17 1.14 1.11 1.08 1.06 1.04 1.02 1.00 0.99
2.7 38.01 1.80 1.75 1.69 1.64 1.60 1.56 1.51 1.45 1.39 1.34 1.29 1.25 1.22 1.18 1.16 1.13 1.11 1.09 1.07 1.06
2.8 39.42 1.91 1.86 1.80 1.75 1.70 1.66 1.61 1.54 1.48 1.42 1.38 1.33 1.30 1.26 1.24 1.21 1.18 1.16 1.14 1.13
2.9 40.83 2.03 1.98 1.91 1.86 1.81 1.76 1.72 1.64 1.57 1.52 1.46 1.42 1.38 1.34 1.32 1.29 1.26 1.24 1.22 1.20
3.0 42.24 2.16 2.10 2.03 1.97 1.92 1.87 1.82 1.74 1.67 1.61 1.55 1.51 1.47 1.43 1.40 1.37 1.34 1.31 1.29 1.27
3.1 43.64 2.28 2.22 2.15 2.09 2.03 1.98 1.93 1.84 1.77 1.70 1.65 1.60 1.55 1.51 1.48 1.45 1.42 1.39 1.37 1.35

3.2 45.05 2.41 2.34 2.27 2.21 2.15 2.10 2.04 1.95 1.87 1.80 1.74 1.69 1.64 1.60 1.57 1.53 1.50 1.48 1.45 1.43
3.3 46.46 2.55 2.47 2.39 2.33 2.27 2.21 2.15 2.06 1.98 1.90 1.84 1.79 1.74 1.69 1.66 1.62 1.59 1.56 1.53 1.51
3.4 47.87 2.68 2.61 2.52 2.46 2.39 2.33 2.27 2.17 2.08 2.01 1.94 1.88 1.83 1.78 1.75 1.71 1.67 1.64 1.62 1.59
3.5 49.28 2.82 2.74 2.65 2.59 2.51 2.45 2.39 2.28 2.19 2.11 2.04 1.98 1.93 1.88 1.84 1.80 1.76 1.73 1.70 1.68
3.6 50.68 2.96 2.88 2.79 2.72 2.64 2.58 2.51 2.40 2.30 2.22 2.15 2.08 2.03 1.98 1.93 1.89 1.85 1.82 1.79 1.77
3.7 52.09 3.11 3.02 2.92 2.85 2.77 2.70 2.63 2.52 2.42 2.33 2.25 2.19 2.13 2.07 2.03 1.99 1.95 1.91 1.88 1.86
3.8 53.50 3.26 3.16 3.06 2.99 2.90 2.83 2.76 2.64 2.54 2.44 2.36 2.30 2.23 2.18 2.13 2.08 2.04 2.01 1.97 1.95
3.9 54.91 3.41 3.31 3.21 3.12 3.04 2.97 2.89 2.76 2.66 2.56 2.48 2.40 2.34 2.28 2.23 2.18 2.14 2.10 2.07 2.04
4.0 56.31 3.56 3.46 3.35 3.27 3.18 3.10 3.02 2.89 2.78 2.68 2.59 2.51 2.45 2.38 2.33 2.29 2.24 2.20 2.16 2.13
4.1 57.72 3.72 3.61 3.50 3.41 3.32 3.24 3.16 3.02 2.90 2.80 2.71 2.63 2.56 2.49 2.44 2.39 2.34 2.30 2.26 2.23
4.2 59.13 3.88 3.77 3.65 3.56 3.46 3.38 3.29 3.15 3.03 2.92 2.82 2.74 2.67 2.60 2.55 2.49 2.44 2.40 2.36 2.33
4.3 60.54 4.04 3.93 3.80 3.71 3.61 3.52 3.43 3.28 3.16 3.04 2.95 2.86 2.78 2.71 2.66 2.60 2.55 2.51 2.46 2.43
4.4 61.95 4.20 4.09 3.96 3.86 3.75 3.67 3.57 3.42 3.29 3.17 3.07 2.98 2.90 2.83 2.77 2.71 2.66 2.61 2.57 2.53
4.5 63.35 4.37 4.25 4.12 4.02 3.91 3.82 3.72 3.56 3.42 3.30 3.19 3.10 3.02 2.94 2.88 2.82 2.77 2.72 2.67 2.64
4.6 64.76 4.54 4.42 4.28 4.17 4.06 3.97 3.87 3.70 3.56 3.43 3.32 3.23 3.14 3.06 3.00 2.94 2.88 2.83 2.78 2.74
4.7 66.17 4.72 4.59 4.45 4.34 4.22 4.12 4.02 3.84 3.70 3.57 3.45 3.35 3.26 3.18 3.12 3.05 2.99 2.94 2.89 2.85
311
312
4.8 67.58 4.89 4.76 4.61 4.50 4.38 4.28 4.17 3.99 3.84 3.70 3.58 3.48 3.39 3.30 3.24 3.17 3.11 3.05 3.00 2.96
4.9 68.99 5.07 4.93 4.78 4.67 4.54 4.43 4.32 4.14 3.98 3.84 3.72 3.61 3.52 3.43 3.36 3.29 3.22 3.17 3.12 3.08
Appendix G
5.0 70.39 5.26 5.11 4.96 4.83 4.70 4.59 4.48 4.29 4.12 3.98 3.85 3.74 3.64 3.55 3.48 3.41 3.34 3.29 3.23 3.19
5.1 71.80 5.44 5.29 5.13 5.01 4.87 4.76 4.64 4.44 4.27 4.12 3.99 3.88 3.78 3.68 3.61 3.53 3.46 3.41 3.35 3.31
5.2 73.21 5.63 5.48 5.31 5.18 5.04 4.92 4.80 4.60 4.42 4.27 4.13 4.02 3.91 3.81 3.73 3.66 3.59 3.53 3.47 3.42
5.3 74.62 5.82 5.66 5.49 5.36 5.21 5.09 4.97 4.76 4.57 4.42 4.28 4.15 4.05 3.95 3.86 3.78 3.71 3.65 3.59 3.54
5.4 76.02 6.02 5.85 5.67 5.54 5.39 5.26 5.13 4.92 4.73 4.57 4.42 4.30 4.18 4.08 4.00 3.91 3.84 3.77 3.71 3.66
5.5 77.43 6.21 6.04 5.86 5.72 5.56 5.44 5.30 5.08 4.89 4.72 4.57 4.44 4.32 4.22 4.13 4.05 3.97 3.90 3.84 3.79
5.6 78.84 6.41 6.24 6.05 5.90 5.74 5.61 5.47 5.24 5.05 4.87 4.72 4.58 4.46 4.35 4.27 4.18 4.10 4.03 3.96 3.91
5.7 80.25 6.61 6.43 6.24 6.09 5.92 5.79 5.65 5.41 5.21 5.03 4.87 4.73 4.61 4.50 4.40 4.31 4.23 4.16 4.09 4.04
5.8 81.66 6.82 6.63 6.43 6.28 6.11 5.97 5.82 5.58 5.37 5.19 5.02 4.88 4.75 4.64 4.54 4.45 4.36 4.29 4.22 4.17
5.9 83.06 7.03 6.84 6.63 6.47 6.30 6.15 6.00 5.75 5.54 5.35 5.18 5.03 4.90 4.78 4.69 4.59 4.50 4.43 4.35 4.30
6.0 84.47 7.24 7.04 6.83 6.66 6.49 6.34 6.18 5.93 5.70 5.51 5.34 5.19 5.05 4.93 4.83 4.73 4.64 4.56 4.49 4.43
6.1 85.88 7.45 7.25 7.03 6.86 6.68 6.53 6.37 6.10 5.87 5.67 5.50 5.34 5.20 5.08 4.97 4.87 4.78 4.70 4.62 4.57
6.2 87.29 7.67 7.46 7.24 7.06 6.87 6.72 6.55 6.28 6.05 5.84 5.66 5.50 5.36 5.23 5.12 5.02 4.92 4.84 4.76 4.70
6.3 88.70 7.88 7.67 7.44 7.26 7.07 6.91 6.74 6.46 6.22 6.01 5.82 5.66 5.51 5.38 5.27 5.16 5.07 4.98 4.90 4.84
6.4 90.10 8.10 7.89 7.65 7.47 7.27 7.11 6.93 6.65 6.40 6.18 5.99 5.82 5.67 5.53 5.42 5.31 5.21 5.13 5.04 4.98
6.5 91.51 8.33 8.11 7.87 7.68 7.47 7.31 7.13 6.83 6.58 6.35 6.16 5.99 5.83 5.69 5.58 5.46 5.36 5.27 5.18 5.12
6.6 92.92 8.56 8.33 8.08 7.89 7.68 7.51 7.32 7.02 6.76 6.53 6.33 6.15 5.99 5.85 5.73 5.62 5.51 5.42 5.33 5.26
6.7 94.33 8.78 8.55 8.30 8.10 7.88 7.71 7.52 7.21 6.94 6.71 6.50 6.32 6.16 6.01 5.89 5.77 5.66 5.57 5.48 5.41
6.8 95.73 9.02 8.78 8.52 8.31 8.09 7.91 7.72 7.41 7.13 6.89 6.67 6.49 6.32 6.17 6.05 5.93 5.81 5.72 5.62 5.55
6.9 97.14 9.25 9.01 8.74 8.53 8.30 8.12 7.92 7.60 7.32 7.07 6.85 6.66 6.49 6.33 6.21 6.08 5.97 5.87 5.77 5.70
7.0 98.55 9.49 9.24 8.96 8.75 8.52 8.33 8.13 7.80 7.51 7.25 7.03 6.84 6.66 6.50 6.37 6.24 6.12 6.03 5.93 5.85
7.1 99.96 9.73 9.47 9.19 8.97 8.74 8.54 8.34 8.00 7.70 7.44 7.21 7.01 6.83 6.67 6.54 6.40 6.28 6.18 6.08 6.01
7.2 101.37 9.97 9.71 9.42 9.20 8.95 8.76 8.55 8.20 7.89 7.63 7.39 7.19 7.01 6.84 6.70 6.57 6.44 6.34 6.24 6.16
7.3 102.77 10.21 9.95 9.65 9.42 9.18 8.97 8.76 8.40 8.09 7.82 7.58 7.37 7.18 7.01 6.87 6.73 6.61 6.50 6.39 6.31
7.4 104.18 10.46 10.19 9.89 9.65 9.40 9.19 8.97 8.61 8.29 8.01 7.76 7.55 7.36 7.18 7.04 6.90 6.77 6.66 6.55 6.47

7.5 105.59 10.71 10.43 10.13 9.89 9.63 9.42 9.19 8.82 8.49 8.21 7.95 7.74 7.54 7.36 7.21 7.07 6.94 6.82 6.71 6.63
—
7.6 107.00 10.97 10.68 10.36 10.12 9.86 9.64 9.41 9.03 8.69 8.40 8.14 7.92 7.72 7.54 7.39 7.24 7.10 6.99 6.88 6.79
7.7 108.41 11.22 10.93 10.61 10.36 10.09 9.87 9.63 9.24 8.90 8.60 8.34 8.11 7.90 7.72 7.56 7.41 7.27 7.16 7.04 6.95
7.8 109.81 11.48 11.18 10.85 10.60 10.32 10.09 9.85 9.45 9.11 8.80 8.53 8.30 8.09 7.90 7.74 7.59 7.45 7.33 7.21 7.12
7.9 111.22 11.74 11.43 11.10 10.84 10.56 10.33 10.08 9.67 9.32 9.00 8.73 8.49 8.28 8.08 7.92 7.76 7.62 7.50 7.38 7.29
8.0 112.63 12.00 11.69 11.35 11.08 10.79 10.56 10.31 9.89 9.53 9.21 8.93 8.69 8.47 8.27 8.10 7.94 7.79 7.67 7.54 7.45
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1.5 21.12 0.76 0.73 0.70 0.67 0.65 0.63 0.60 0.57 0.54 0.52 0.49 0.48 0.46 0.44 0.43 0.42 0.41 0.40 0.39 0.39
1.6 22.53 0.85 0.81 0.78 0.75 0.72 0.70 0.68 0.64 0.60 0.58 0.55 0.53 0.51 0.50 0.48 0.47 0.46 0.45 0.44 0.43
Appendix G
1.7 23.93 0.94 0.90 0.86 0.83 0.80 0.78 0.75 0.71 0.67 0.64 0.62 0.59 0.57 0.55 0.54 0.53 0.51 0.50 0.49 0.48
1.8 25.34 1.03 0.99 0.95 0.92 0.88 0.86 0.83 0.78 0.74 0.71 0.68 0.65 0.63 0.61 0.60 0.58 0.57 0.56 0.54 0.54
1.9 26.75 1.13 1.09 1.04 1.01 0.97 0.94 0.91 0.86 0.82 0.78 0.75 0.72 0.70 0.67 0.66 0.64 0.62 0.61 0.60 0.59
2.0 28.16 1.24 1.19 1.14 1.10 1.06 1.03 0.99 0.94 0.89 0.85 0.82 0.79 0.76 0.74 0.72 0.70 0.68 0.67 0.66 0.65

2.1 29.57 1.34 1.29 1.24 1.20 1.15 1.12 1.08 1.02 0.97 0.93 0.89 0.86 0.83 0.80 0.78 0.76 0.75 0.73 0.72 0.70
—
2.2 30.97 1.46 1.40 1.34 1.30 1.25 1.21 1.17 1.11 1.05 1.01 0.97 0.93 0.90 0.87 0.85 0.83 0.81 0.79 0.78 0.77
2.3 32.38 1.57 1.51 1.45 1.40 1.35 1.31 1.27 1.20 1.14 1.09 1.05 1.01 0.97 0.94 0.92 0.90 0.88 0.86 0.84 0.83
2.4 33.79 1.69 1.63 1.56 1.51 1.45 1.41 1.36 1.29 1.23 1.17 1.13 1.09 1.05 1.02 0.99 0.97 0.95 0.93 0.91 0.89
2.5 35.20 1.81 1.74 1.67 1.62 1.56 1.51 1.46 1.38 1.32 1.26 1.21 1.17 1.13 1.10 1.07 1.04 1.02 1.00 0.98 0.96
2.6 36.60 1.94 1.87 1.79 1.73 1.67 1.62 1.57 1.48 1.41 1.35 1.30 1.25 1.21 1.17 1.14 1.12 1.09 1.07 1.05 1.03
2.7 38.01 2.07 1.99 1.91 1.85 1.78 1.73 1.67 1.58 1.51 1.44 1.39 1.34 1.29 1.26 1.22 1.19 1.17 1.14 1.12 1.10
2.8 39.42 2.20 2.12 2.03 1.97 1.90 1.84 1.78 1.69 1.61 1.54 1.48 1.42 1.38 1.34 1.30 1.27 1.24 1.22 1.20 1.18
2.9 40.83 2.34 2.25 2.16 2.09 2.02 1.96 1.90 1.79 1.71 1.64 1.57 1.52 1.47 1.42 1.39 1.36 1.32 1.30 1.27 1.25
3.0 42.24 2.48 2.39 2.29 2.22 2.14 2.08 2.01 1.90 1.81 1.74 1.67 1.61 1.56 1.51 1.47 1.44 1.41 1.38 1.35 1.33
3.1 43.64 2.62 2.53 2.42 2.35 2.26 2.20 2.13 2.02 1.92 1.84 1.77 1.71 1.65 1.60 1.56 1.53 1.49 1.46 1.43 1.41

3.2 45.05 2.77 2.67 2.56 2.48 2.39 2.32 2.25 2.13 2.03 1.95 1.87 1.80 1.75 1.70 1.65 1.62 1.58 1.55 1.52 1.49
3.3 46.46 2.92 2.81 2.70 2.62 2.52 2.45 2.37 2.25 2.14 2.05 1.98 1.91 1.85 1.79 1.75 1.71 1.67 1.64 1.60 1.58
3.4 47.87 3.07 2.96 2.84 2.75 2.66 2.58 2.50 2.37 2.26 2.16 2.08 2.01 1.95 1.89 1.84 1.80 1.76 1.73 1.69 1.67
3.5 49.28 3.23 3.12 2.99 2.90 2.79 2.72 2.63 2.49 2.38 2.28 2.19 2.11 2.05 1.99 1.94 1.90 1.85 1.82 1.78 1.75
3.6 50.68 3.39 3.27 3.14 3.04 2.94 2.85 2.76 2.62 2.50 2.39 2.30 2.22 2.15 2.09 2.04 1.99 1.95 1.91 1.87 1.84
3.7 52.09 3.55 3.43 3.29 3.19 3.08 2.99 2.90 2.75 2.62 2.51 2.42 2.33 2.26 2.20 2.14 2.09 2.04 2.01 1.97 1.94
3.8 53.50 3.72 3.59 3.45 3.34 3.23 3.14 3.04 2.88 2.75 2.63 2.53 2.45 2.37 2.30 2.24 2.19 2.14 2.11 2.06 2.03
3.9 54.91 3.89 3.76 3.61 3.50 3.38 3.28 3.18 3.02 2.88 2.76 2.65 2.56 2.48 2.41 2.35 2.30 2.25 2.21 2.16 2.13
4.0 56.31 4.07 3.93 3.77 3.65 3.53 3.43 3.32 3.15 3.01 2.88 2.78 2.68 2.60 2.52 2.46 2.41 2.35 2.31 2.26 2.23
4.1 57.72 4.24 4.10 3.94 3.81 3.68 3.58 3.47 3.29 3.14 3.01 2.90 2.80 2.71 2.64 2.57 2.51 2.46 2.41 2.37 2.33
4.2 59.13 4.42 4.27 4.10 3.98 3.84 3.74 3.62 3.44 3.28 3.14 3.03 2.92 2.83 2.75 2.68 2.62 2.56 2.52 2.47 2.43
4.3 60.54 4.61 4.45 4.28 4.14 4.00 3.89 3.77 3.58 3.42 3.28 3.16 3.05 2.95 2.87 2.80 2.74 2.67 2.63 2.58 2.54
4.4 61.95 4.80 4.63 4.45 4.31 4.17 4.05 3.93 3.73 3.56 3.41 3.29 3.17 3.08 2.99 2.92 2.85 2.79 2.74 2.68 2.64
4.5 63.35 4.99 4.82 4.63 4.49 4.33 4.22 4.09 3.88 3.70 3.55 3.42 3.30 3.20 3.11 3.04 2.97 2.90 2.85 2.79 2.75
4.6 64.76 5.18 5.00 4.81 4.66 4.50 4.38 4.25 4.03 3.85 3.69 3.56 3.44 3.33 3.24 3.16 3.09 3.02 2.97 2.91 2.86
4.7 66.17 5.38 5.19 4.99 4.84 4.68 4.55 4.41 4.19 4.00 3.84 3.69 3.57 3.46 3.36 3.28 3.21 3.14 3.08 3.02 2.98
313
314
4.8 67.58 5.58 5.39 5.18 5.02 4.85 4.72 4.58 4.35 4.15 3.98 3.84 3.71 3.59 3.49 3.41 3.33 3.26 3.20 3.14 3.09
4.9 68.99 5.78 5.58 5.37 5.21 5.03 4.89 4.75 4.51 4.30 4.13 3.98 3.84 3.73 3.62 3.53 3.46 3.38 3.32 3.26 3.21
Appendix G
5.0 70.39 5.99 5.78 5.56 5.39 5.21 5.07 4.92 4.67 4.46 4.28 4.12 3.98 3.86 3.76 3.66 3.59 3.50 3.44 3.38 3.33
5.1 71.80 6.20 5.99 5.76 5.58 5.39 5.25 5.09 4.84 4.62 4.43 4.27 4.13 4.00 3.89 3.80 3.71 3.63 3.57 3.50 3.45
5.2 73.21 6.41 6.19 5.95 5.78 5.58 5.43 5.27 5.01 4.78 4.59 4.42 4.27 4.14 4.03 3.93 3.85 3.76 3.70 3.62 3.57
5.3 74.62 6.62 6.40 6.16 5.97 5.77 5.62 5.45 5.18 4.94 4.75 4.57 4.42 4.29 4.17 4.07 3.98 3.89 3.82 3.75 3.70
5.4 76.02 6.84 6.61 6.36 6.17 5.96 5.80 5.63 5.35 5.11 4.91 4.73 4.57 4.43 4.31 4.21 4.12 4.02 3.96 3.88 3.82
5.5 77.43 7.06 6.83 6.57 6.37 6.16 5.99 5.82 5.53 5.28 5.07 4.89 4.72 4.58 4.45 4.35 4.25 4.16 4.09 4.01 3.95
5.6 78.84 7.29 7.04 6.78 6.58 6.36 6.19 6.00 5.71 5.45 5.23 5.04 4.88 4.73 4.60 4.49 4.39 4.30 4.22 4.14 4.08
5.7 80.25 7.52 7.27 6.99 6.78 6.56 6.38 6.19 5.89 5.62 5.40 5.21 5.03 4.88 4.75 4.63 4.53 4.43 4.36 4.27 4.21
5.8 81.66 7.75 7.49 7.21 6.99 6.76 6.58 6.39 6.07 5.80 5.57 5.37 5.19 5.04 4.90 4.78 4.68 4.57 4.50 4.41 4.35
5.9 83.06 7.98 7.72 7.42 7.20 6.97 6.78 6.58 6.26 5.98 5.74 5.54 5.35 5.19 5.05 4.93 4.82 4.72 4.64 4.55 4.48
6.0 84.47 8.22 7.95 7.65 7.42 7.17 6.98 6.78 6.44 6.16 5.92 5.70 5.51 5.35 5.20 5.08 4.97 4.86 4.78 4.69 4.62
6.1 85.88 8.46 8.18 7.87 7.64 7.39 7.19 6.98 6.64 6.34 6.09 5.87 5.68 5.51 5.36 5.23 5.12 5.01 4.92 4.83 4.76
6.2 87.29 8.70 8.41 8.10 7.86 7.60 7.40 7.18 6.83 6.53 6.27 6.05 5.85 5.67 5.52 5.39 5.27 5.16 5.07 4.97 4.90
6.3 88.70 8.95 8.65 8.33 8.08 7.82 7.61 7.39 7.03 6.72 6.45 6.22 6.02 5.84 5.68 5.54 5.43 5.31 5.22 5.12 5.05
6.4 90.10 9.20 8.89 8.56 8.31 8.04 7.82 7.60 7.22 6.91 6.63 6.40 6.19 6.01 5.84 5.70 5.58 5.46 5.37 5.27 5.19
6.5 91.51 9.45 9.14 8.80 8.54 8.26 8.04 7.81 7.43 7.10 6.82 6.58 6.36 6.18 6.01 5.86 5.74 5.61 5.52 5.42 5.34
6.6 92.92 9.70 9.38 9.03 8.77 8.48 8.26 8.02 7.63 7.29 7.01 6.76 6.54 6.35 6.17 6.03 5.90 5.77 5.68 5.57 5.49
6.7 94.33 9.96 9.63 9.27 9.00 8.71 8.48 8.24 7.83 7.49 7.20 6.94 6.72 6.52 6.34 6.19 6.06 5.93 5.83 5.72 5.64
6.8 95.73 10.22 9.89 9.52 9.24 8.94 8.71 8.45 8.04 7.69 7.39 7.13 6.90 6.69 6.51 6.36 6.22 6.09 5.99 5.87 5.79
6.9 97.14 10.49 10.14 9.77 9.48 9.17 8.93 8.68 8.25 7.89 7.59 7.32 7.08 6.87 6.69 6.53 6.39 6.25 6.15 6.03 5.95
7.0 98.55 10.75 10.40 10.01 9.72 9.41 9.16 8.90 8.47 8.10 7.78 7.51 7.26 7.05 6.86 6.70 6.56 6.42 6.31 6.19 6.10
7.1 99.96 11.02 10.66 10.27 9.97 9.65 9.40 9.12 8.68 8.30 7.98 7.70 7.45 7.23 7.04 6.87 6.73 6.58 6.47 6.35 6.26
7.2 101.37 11.29 10.93 10.52 10.22 9.89 9.63 9.35 8.90 8.51 8.18 7.89 7.64 7.42 7.22 7.05 6.90 6.75 6.64 6.51 6.42
7.3 102.77 11.57 11.19 10.78 10.47 10.13 9.87 9.58 9.12 8.72 8.39 8.09 7.83 7.60 7.40 7.22 7.07 6.92 6.81 6.68 6.58
7.4 104.18 11.85 11.46 11.04 10.72 10.38 10.11 9.82 9.34 8.94 8.59 8.29 8.02 7.79 7.58 7.40 7.25 7.09 6.98 6.84 6.75

7.5 105.59 12.13 11.74 11.30 10.98 10.62 10.35 10.05 9.57 9.15 8.80 8.49 8.22 7.98 7.77 7.58 7.42 7.27 7.15 7.01 6.91
—
7.6 107.00 12.41 12.01 11.57 11.24 10.87 10.59 10.29 9.80 9.37 9.01 8.69 8.41 8.17 7.95 7.77 7.60 7.44 7.32 7.18 7.08
7.7 108.41 12.70 12.29 11.84 11.50 11.13 10.84 10.53 10.02 9.59 9.22 8.90 8.61 8.36 8.14 7.95 7.78 7.62 7.49 7.35 7.25
7.8 109.81 12.99 12.57 12.11 11.76 11.38 11.09 10.77 10.26 9.81 9.44 9.11 8.81 8.56 8.33 8.14 7.97 7.80 7.67 7.53 7.42
7.9 111.22 13.28 12.85 12.38 12.03 11.64 11.34 11.02 10.49 10.04 9.65 9.32 9.02 8.76 8.52 8.33 8.15 7.98 7.85 7.70 7.59
8.0 112.63 13.58 13.14 12.66 12.30 11.90 11.60 11.27 10.73 10.27 9.87 9.53 9.22 8.96 8.72 8.52 8.34 8.16 8.03 7.88 7.77
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1.5 21.12 0.86 0.82 0.78 0.75 0.72 0.70 0.67 0.63 0.59 0.56 0.54 0.51 0.49 0.48 0.46 0.45 0.44 0.43 0.42 0.41
1.6 22.53 0.95 0.91 0.87 0.84 0.80 0.78 0.75 0.70 0.66 0.63 0.60 0.57 0.55 0.53 0.52 0.50 0.49 0.48 0.47 0.46
Appendix G
1.7 23.93 1.06 1.01 0.97 0.93 0.89 0.86 0.83 0.78 0.74 0.70 0.67 0.64 0.62 0.59 0.58 0.56 0.54 0.53 0.52 0.51
1.8 25.34 1.16 1.12 1.06 1.02 0.98 0.95 0.92 0.86 0.81 0.77 0.74 0.71 0.68 0.66 0.64 0.62 0.60 0.59 0.57 0.56
1.9 26.75 1.27 1.22 1.17 1.12 1.08 1.04 1.00 0.94 0.89 0.85 0.81 0.78 0.75 0.72 0.70 0.68 0.66 0.65 0.63 0.62
2.0 28.16 1.39 1.33 1.27 1.23 1.18 1.14 1.10 1.03 0.97 0.93 0.88 0.85 0.82 0.79 0.77 0.74 0.72 0.71 0.69 0.68

2.1 29.57 1.51 1.45 1.38 1.33 1.28 1.24 1.19 1.12 1.06 1.01 0.96 0.92 0.89 0.86 0.83 0.81 0.79 0.77 0.75 0.74
—
2.2 30.97 1.63 1.57 1.50 1.44 1.38 1.34 1.29 1.21 1.15 1.09 1.05 1.00 0.97 0.93 0.91 0.88 0.86 0.84 0.82 0.80
2.3 32.38 1.76 1.69 1.61 1.56 1.49 1.45 1.40 1.31 1.24 1.18 1.13 1.08 1.05 1.01 0.98 0.95 0.93 0.90 0.89 0.87
2.4 33.79 1.89 1.82 1.74 1.67 1.61 1.56 1.50 1.41 1.34 1.27 1.22 1.17 1.13 1.09 1.06 1.03 1.00 0.98 0.96 0.94
2.5 35.20 2.03 1.95 1.86 1.80 1.72 1.67 1.61 1.52 1.44 1.37 1.31 1.26 1.21 1.17 1.13 1.10 1.08 1.05 1.03 1.01
2.6 36.60 2.17 2.08 1.99 1.92 1.84 1.79 1.72 1.62 1.54 1.46 1.40 1.34 1.30 1.25 1.22 1.18 1.15 1.12 1.10 1.08
2.7 38.01 2.31 2.22 2.12 2.05 1.97 1.91 1.84 1.73 1.64 1.56 1.50 1.44 1.39 1.34 1.30 1.27 1.23 1.20 1.18 1.15
2.8 39.42 2.46 2.36 2.26 2.18 2.10 2.03 1.96 1.85 1.75 1.67 1.59 1.53 1.48 1.43 1.39 1.35 1.31 1.28 1.26 1.23
2.9 40.83 2.61 2.51 2.40 2.32 2.23 2.16 2.08 1.96 1.86 1.77 1.70 1.63 1.57 1.52 1.48 1.44 1.40 1.37 1.34 1.31
3.0 42.24 2.77 2.66 2.54 2.46 2.36 2.29 2.21 2.08 1.97 1.88 1.80 1.73 1.67 1.61 1.57 1.52 1.49 1.45 1.42 1.39
3.1 43.64 2.92 2.81 2.69 2.60 2.50 2.42 2.34 2.20 2.09 1.99 1.91 1.83 1.77 1.71 1.66 1.62 1.57 1.54 1.51 1.48

3.2 45.05 3.09 2.97 2.84 2.74 2.64 2.56 2.47 2.33 2.21 2.10 2.02 1.94 1.87 1.81 1.76 1.71 1.67 1.63 1.59 1.56
3.3 46.46 3.25 3.13 3.00 2.89 2.78 2.70 2.61 2.46 2.33 2.22 2.13 2.05 1.97 1.91 1.86 1.81 1.76 1.72 1.68 1.65
3.4 47.87 3.42 3.30 3.15 3.05 2.93 2.84 2.74 2.59 2.45 2.34 2.24 2.16 2.08 2.01 1.96 1.90 1.86 1.81 1.78 1.74
3.5 49.28 3.60 3.46 3.31 3.20 3.08 2.99 2.89 2.72 2.58 2.46 2.36 2.27 2.19 2.12 2.06 2.00 1.95 1.91 1.87 1.83
3.6 50.68 3.78 3.63 3.48 3.36 3.23 3.14 3.03 2.86 2.71 2.59 2.48 2.39 2.30 2.23 2.16 2.11 2.05 2.01 1.97 1.93
3.7 52.09 3.96 3.81 3.65 3.53 3.39 3.29 3.18 3.00 2.85 2.71 2.60 2.50 2.42 2.34 2.27 2.21 2.16 2.11 2.07 2.03
3.8 53.50 4.14 3.99 3.82 3.69 3.55 3.45 3.33 3.14 2.98 2.84 2.73 2.62 2.53 2.45 2.38 2.32 2.26 2.21 2.17 2.12
3.9 54.91 4.33 4.17 3.99 3.86 3.72 3.60 3.48 3.29 3.12 2.98 2.85 2.75 2.65 2.57 2.50 2.43 2.37 2.31 2.27 2.23
4.0 56.31 4.52 4.36 4.17 4.03 3.88 3.77 3.64 3.44 3.26 3.11 2.99 2.87 2.77 2.69 2.61 2.54 2.48 2.42 2.37 2.33
4.1 57.72 4.72 4.55 4.35 4.21 4.05 3.93 3.80 3.59 3.41 3.25 3.12 3.00 2.90 2.81 2.73 2.66 2.59 2.53 2.48 2.43
4.2 59.13 4.92 4.74 4.54 4.39 4.23 4.10 3.96 3.74 3.55 3.39 3.25 3.13 3.03 2.93 2.85 2.77 2.70 2.64 2.59 2.54
4.3 60.54 5.12 4.93 4.73 4.57 4.40 4.27 4.13 3.90 3.70 3.54 3.39 3.26 3.15 3.06 2.97 2.89 2.82 2.76 2.70 2.65
4.4 61.95 5.33 5.13 4.92 4.76 4.58 4.45 4.30 4.06 3.86 3.68 3.53 3.40 3.29 3.18 3.09 3.01 2.94 2.87 2.82 2.76
4.5 63.35 5.54 5.34 5.11 4.95 4.76 4.62 4.47 4.22 4.01 3.83 3.68 3.54 3.42 3.31 3.22 3.14 3.06 2.99 2.93 2.88
4.6 64.76 5.75 5.54 5.31 5.14 4.95 4.80 4.64 4.39 4.17 3.98 3.82 3.68 3.55 3.44 3.35 3.26 3.18 3.11 3.05 2.99
4.7 66.17 5.97 5.75 5.51 5.33 5.14 4.99 4.82 4.56 4.33 4.14 3.97 3.82 3.69 3.58 3.48 3.39 3.31 3.23 3.17 3.11
315
316
4.8 67.58 6.19 5.96 5.72 5.53 5.33 5.17 5.00 4.73 4.49 4.29 4.12 3.97 3.83 3.72 3.61 3.52 3.43 3.36 3.29 3.23
4.9 68.99 6.41 6.18 5.93 5.73 5.52 5.36 5.19 4.90 4.66 4.45 4.27 4.11 3.98 3.85 3.75 3.65 3.56 3.48 3.41 3.35
Appendix G
5.0 70.39 6.64 6.40 6.14 5.94 5.72 5.55 5.37 5.08 4.83 4.61 4.43 4.26 4.12 4.00 3.88 3.78 3.69 3.61 3.54 3.47
5.1 71.80 6.87 6.62 6.35 6.15 5.92 5.75 5.56 5.26 5.00 4.78 4.59 4.42 4.27 4.14 4.02 3.92 3.83 3.74 3.67 3.60
5.2 73.21 7.11 6.85 6.57 6.36 6.13 5.95 5.75 5.44 5.17 4.94 4.75 4.57 4.42 4.28 4.16 4.06 3.96 3.87 3.80 3.73
5.3 74.62 7.34 7.08 6.79 6.57 6.33 6.15 5.95 5.63 5.35 5.11 4.91 4.73 4.57 4.43 4.31 4.20 4.10 4.01 3.93 3.86
5.4 76.02 7.58 7.31 7.01 6.79 6.54 6.35 6.15 5.81 5.53 5.28 5.07 4.89 4.73 4.58 4.46 4.34 4.24 4.14 4.06 3.99
5.5 77.43 7.83 7.55 7.24 7.01 6.75 6.56 6.35 6.00 5.71 5.46 5.24 5.05 4.88 4.73 4.60 4.49 4.38 4.28 4.20 4.12
5.6 78.84 8.07 7.79 7.47 7.23 6.97 6.77 6.55 6.20 5.89 5.64 5.41 5.21 5.04 4.89 4.75 4.63 4.52 4.42 4.34 4.26
5.7 80.25 8.33 8.03 7.70 7.46 7.19 6.98 6.76 6.39 6.08 5.81 5.58 5.38 5.20 5.05 4.91 4.78 4.67 4.56 4.48 4.39
5.8 81.66 8.58 8.27 7.94 7.69 7.41 7.20 6.97 6.59 6.27 6.00 5.76 5.55 5.37 5.20 5.06 4.93 4.82 4.71 4.62 4.53
5.9 83.06 8.84 8.52 8.18 7.92 7.64 7.42 7.18 6.79 6.46 6.18 5.94 5.72 5.53 5.37 5.22 5.09 4.97 4.86 4.76 4.68
6.0 84.47 9.10 8.78 8.42 8.15 7.86 7.64 7.39 7.00 6.66 6.37 6.12 5.89 5.70 5.53 5.38 5.24 5.12 5.00 4.91 4.82
6.1 85.88 9.36 9.03 8.67 8.39 8.09 7.86 7.61 7.20 6.85 6.56 6.30 6.07 5.87 5.69 5.54 5.40 5.27 5.16 5.06 4.96
6.2 87.29 9.63 9.29 8.92 8.63 8.33 8.09 7.83 7.41 7.05 6.75 6.48 6.25 6.04 5.86 5.70 5.56 5.43 5.31 5.21 5.11
6.3 88.70 9.90 9.55 9.17 8.88 8.56 8.32 8.05 7.62 7.26 6.94 6.67 6.43 6.22 6.03 5.87 5.72 5.59 5.46 5.36 5.26
6.4 90.10 10.17 9.81 9.42 9.13 8.80 8.55 8.28 7.84 7.46 7.14 6.86 6.61 6.40 6.20 6.03 5.89 5.75 5.62 5.51 5.41
6.5 91.51 10.45 10.08 9.68 9.38 9.04 8.79 8.51 8.06 7.67 7.34 7.05 6.80 6.58 6.38 6.20 6.05 5.91 5.78 5.67 5.57
6.6 92.92 10.73 10.35 9.94 9.63 9.29 9.02 8.74 8.28 7.88 7.54 7.24 6.98 6.76 6.55 6.38 6.22 6.07 5.94 5.83 5.72
6.7 94.33 11.01 10.63 10.20 9.88 9.53 9.27 8.97 8.50 8.09 7.74 7.44 7.17 6.94 6.73 6.55 6.39 6.24 6.10 5.99 5.88
6.8 95.73 11.30 10.90 10.47 10.14 9.79 9.51 9.21 8.72 8.30 7.95 7.64 7.36 7.13 6.91 6.73 6.56 6.41 6.27 6.15 6.04
6.9 97.14 11.59 11.18 10.74 10.41 10.04 9.76 9.45 8.95 8.52 8.15 7.84 7.56 7.31 7.10 6.90 6.73 6.58 6.43 6.31 6.20
7.0 98.55 11.88 11.47 11.01 10.67 10.29 10.00 9.69 9.18 8.74 8.37 8.04 7.75 7.50 7.28 7.08 6.91 6.75 6.60 6.48 6.36
7.1 99.96 12.18 11.75 11.29 10.94 10.55 10.26 9.93 9.41 8.96 8.58 8.25 7.95 7.70 7.47 7.27 7.09 6.92 6.77 6.65 6.52
7.2 101.37 12.48 12.04 11.57 11.21 10.82 10.51 10.18 9.65 9.19 8.79 8.45 8.15 7.89 7.66 7.45 7.27 7.10 6.94 6.82 6.69
7.3 102.77 12.78 12.34 11.85 11.48 11.08 10.77 10.43 9.88 9.42 9.01 8.66 8.36 8.09 7.85 7.64 7.45 7.28 7.12 6.99 6.86
7.4 104.18 13.08 12.63 12.13 11.76 11.35 11.03 10.68 10.12 9.64 9.23 8.88 8.56 8.29 8.04 7.83 7.63 7.46 7.29 7.16 7.03

7.5 105.59 13.39 12.93 12.42 12.04 11.62 11.29 10.94 10.37 9.88 9.45 9.09 8.77 8.49 8.24 8.02 7.82 7.64 7.47 7.34 7.20
—
7.6 107.00 13.70 13.23 12.71 12.32 11.89 11.56 11.20 10.61 10.11 9.68 9.31 8.98 8.69 8.43 8.21 8.01 7.82 7.65 7.51 7.38
7.7 108.41 14.02 13.54 13.01 12.60 12.17 11.83 11.46 10.86 10.35 9.91 9.53 9.19 8.90 8.63 8.40 8.20 8.01 7.84 7.69 7.55
7.8 109.81 14.34 13.84 13.30 12.89 12.44 12.10 11.72 11.11 10.59 10.14 9.75 9.40 9.10 8.84 8.60 8.39 8.20 8.02 7.87 7.73
7.9 111.22 14.66 14.15 13.60 13.18 12.72 12.37 11.99 11.36 10.83 10.37 9.97 9.62 9.31 9.04 8.80 8.59 8.39 8.21 8.06 7.91
8.0 112.63 14.98 14.47 13.90 13.48 13.01 12.65 12.26 11.62 11.07 10.60 10.20 9.84 9.53 9.25 9.00 8.78 8.58 8.39 8.24 8.09
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1.5 28.46 0.41 0.39 0.37 0.36 0.36 0.35 0.35 0.34 0.33 0.32 0.31 0.31 0.30 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.28 0.28 0.27 0.27
1.6 30.36 0.46 0.44 0.42 0.41 0.40 0.39 0.39 0.38 0.37 0.36 0.35 0.34 0.34 0.33 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.31 0.31 0.30
Appendix G
1.7 32.26 0.51 0.49 0.46 0.45 0.45 0.44 0.43 0.42 0.41 0.40 0.39 0.38 0.37 0.37 0.36 0.36 0.35 0.35 0.34 0.34
1.8 34.16 0.56 0.54 0.51 0.50 0.49 0.49 0.48 0.46 0.45 0.44 0.43 0.42 0.42 0.41 0.40 0.40 0.39 0.38 0.38 0.37
1.9 36.05 0.62 0.59 0.56 0.55 0.54 0.53 0.53 0.51 0.50 0.49 0.48 0.47 0.46 0.45 0.44 0.44 0.43 0.42 0.42 0.41
2.0 37.95 0.68 0.65 0.62 0.61 0.59 0.59 0.58 0.56 0.55 0.53 0.52 0.51 0.50 0.49 0.48 0.48 0.47 0.46 0.46 0.45

2.1 39.85 0.74 0.71 0.67 0.66 0.65 0.64 0.63 0.61 0.60 0.58 0.57 0.56 0.55 0.54 0.53 0.52 0.51 0.51 0.50 0.49
—
2.2 41.75 0.80 0.77 0.73 0.72 0.70 0.69 0.68 0.66 0.65 0.63 0.62 0.61 0.59 0.58 0.57 0.57 0.56 0.55 0.54 0.54
2.3 43.64 0.87 0.83 0.79 0.78 0.76 0.75 0.74 0.72 0.70 0.68 0.67 0.66 0.64 0.63 0.62 0.61 0.60 0.60 0.59 0.58
2.4 45.54 0.93 0.89 0.85 0.84 0.82 0.81 0.80 0.77 0.76 0.74 0.72 0.71 0.69 0.68 0.67 0.66 0.65 0.64 0.64 0.63
2.5 47.44 1.00 0.96 0.91 0.90 0.88 0.87 0.86 0.83 0.81 0.79 0.78 0.76 0.75 0.73 0.72 0.71 0.70 0.69 0.68 0.68
2.6 49.34 1.07 1.03 0.98 0.96 0.95 0.93 0.92 0.89 0.87 0.85 0.83 0.82 0.80 0.79 0.78 0.76 0.75 0.74 0.74 0.73
2.7 51.23 1.15 1.10 1.05 1.03 1.01 1.00 0.98 0.96 0.93 0.91 0.89 0.87 0.86 0.84 0.83 0.82 0.81 0.80 0.79 0.78
2.8 53.13 1.22 1.17 1.12 1.10 1.08 1.06 1.05 1.02 0.99 0.97 0.95 0.93 0.92 0.90 0.89 0.87 0.86 0.85 0.84 0.83
2.9 55.03 1.30 1.25 1.19 1.17 1.15 1.13 1.12 1.09 1.06 1.03 1.01 0.99 0.98 0.96 0.94 0.93 0.92 0.91 0.90 0.88
3.0 56.93 1.38 1.33 1.26 1.24 1.22 1.20 1.19 1.15 1.13 1.10 1.08 1.06 1.04 1.02 1.00 0.99 0.98 0.96 0.95 0.94
3.1 58.82 1.47 1.41 1.34 1.32 1.29 1.28 1.26 1.22 1.19 1.17 1.14 1.12 1.10 1.08 1.07 1.05 1.04 1.02 1.01 1.00

3.2 60.72 1.55 1.49 1.42 1.39 1.37 1.35 1.33 1.29 1.26 1.23 1.21 1.19 1.16 1.15 1.13 1.11 1.10 1.08 1.07 1.06
3.3 62.62 1.64 1.57 1.50 1.47 1.45 1.43 1.41 1.37 1.33 1.30 1.28 1.25 1.23 1.21 1.19 1.18 1.16 1.14 1.13 1.12
3.4 64.52 1.73 1.66 1.58 1.55 1.53 1.50 1.48 1.44 1.41 1.38 1.35 1.32 1.30 1.28 1.26 1.24 1.22 1.21 1.19 1.18
3.5 66.42 1.82 1.74 1.66 1.64 1.61 1.58 1.56 1.52 1.48 1.45 1.42 1.39 1.37 1.35 1.33 1.31 1.29 1.27 1.26 1.24
3.6 68.31 1.91 1.83 1.75 1.72 1.69 1.67 1.64 1.60 1.56 1.53 1.49 1.47 1.44 1.42 1.39 1.37 1.36 1.34 1.32 1.31
3.7 70.21 2.00 1.93 1.83 1.81 1.78 1.75 1.72 1.68 1.64 1.60 1.57 1.54 1.51 1.49 1.47 1.44 1.43 1.41 1.39 1.38
3.8 72.11 2.10 2.02 1.92 1.89 1.86 1.84 1.81 1.76 1.72 1.68 1.65 1.62 1.59 1.56 1.54 1.52 1.50 1.48 1.46 1.44
3.9 74.01 2.20 2.11 2.02 1.98 1.95 1.92 1.89 1.84 1.80 1.76 1.73 1.69 1.66 1.64 1.61 1.59 1.57 1.55 1.53 1.51
4.0 75.90 2.30 2.21 2.11 2.08 2.04 2.01 1.98 1.93 1.88 1.84 1.81 1.77 1.74 1.71 1.69 1.66 1.64 1.62 1.60 1.58
4.1 77.80 2.40 2.31 2.20 2.17 2.13 2.10 2.07 2.02 1.97 1.93 1.89 1.85 1.82 1.79 1.76 1.74 1.72 1.69 1.68 1.66
4.2 79.70 2.51 2.41 2.30 2.26 2.23 2.20 2.16 2.11 2.06 2.01 1.97 1.93 1.90 1.87 1.84 1.82 1.79 1.77 1.75 1.73
4.3 81.60 2.62 2.52 2.40 2.36 2.32 2.29 2.26 2.20 2.15 2.10 2.06 2.02 1.98 1.95 1.92 1.90 1.87 1.85 1.83 1.81
4.4 83.49 2.73 2.62 2.50 2.46 2.42 2.39 2.35 2.29 2.24 2.19 2.14 2.10 2.07 2.04 2.00 1.98 1.95 1.93 1.90 1.88
4.5 85.39 2.84 2.73 2.60 2.56 2.52 2.48 2.45 2.38 2.33 2.28 2.23 2.19 2.15 2.12 2.09 2.06 2.03 2.01 1.98 1.96
4.6 87.29 2.95 2.84 2.71 2.66 2.62 2.58 2.55 2.48 2.42 2.37 2.32 2.28 2.24 2.21 2.17 2.14 2.11 2.09 2.06 2.04
4.7 89.19 3.07 2.95 2.81 2.77 2.72 2.69 2.65 2.58 2.52 2.46 2.41 2.37 2.33 2.29 2.26 2.23 2.20 2.17 2.15 2.12
317
318
4.8 91.08 3.18 3.06 2.92 2.88 2.83 2.79 2.75 2.68 2.62 2.56 2.51 2.46 2.42 2.38 2.35 2.31 2.28 2.26 2.23 2.21
4.9 92.98 3.30 3.17 3.03 2.98 2.93 2.89 2.85 2.78 2.71 2.66 2.60 2.56 2.51 2.47 2.44 2.40 2.37 2.34 2.31 2.29
Appendix G
5.0 94.88 3.42 3.29 3.14 3.09 3.04 3.00 2.96 2.88 2.81 2.75 2.70 2.65 2.61 2.56 2.53 2.49 2.46 2.43 2.40 2.38
5.1 96.78 3.55 3.41 3.25 3.21 3.15 3.11 3.06 2.99 2.92 2.85 2.80 2.75 2.70 2.66 2.62 2.58 2.55 2.52 2.49 2.46
5.2 98.67 3.67 3.53 3.37 3.32 3.26 3.22 3.17 3.09 3.02 2.96 2.90 2.84 2.80 2.75 2.71 2.68 2.64 2.61 2.58 2.55
5.3 100.57 3.80 3.65 3.49 3.43 3.38 3.33 3.28 3.20 3.13 3.06 3.00 2.94 2.89 2.85 2.81 2.77 2.73 2.70 2.67 2.64
5.4 102.47 3.93 3.78 3.61 3.55 3.49 3.45 3.40 3.31 3.23 3.16 3.10 3.05 2.99 2.95 2.90 2.86 2.83 2.79 2.76 2.73
5.5 104.37 4.06 3.90 3.73 3.67 3.61 3.56 3.51 3.42 3.34 3.27 3.21 3.15 3.10 3.05 3.00 2.96 2.92 2.89 2.86 2.83
5.6 106.26 4.19 4.03 3.85 3.79 3.73 3.68 3.63 3.53 3.45 3.38 3.31 3.25 3.20 3.15 3.10 3.06 3.02 2.98 2.95 2.92
5.7 108.16 4.32 4.16 3.97 3.91 3.85 3.80 3.74 3.65 3.56 3.49 3.42 3.36 3.30 3.25 3.20 3.16 3.12 3.08 3.05 3.02
5.8 110.06 4.46 4.29 4.10 4.04 3.97 3.92 3.86 3.76 3.68 3.60 3.53 3.47 3.41 3.36 3.31 3.26 3.22 3.18 3.15 3.11
5.9 111.96 4.60 4.42 4.23 4.16 4.10 4.04 3.98 3.88 3.79 3.71 3.64 3.57 3.52 3.46 3.41 3.36 3.32 3.28 3.24 3.21
6.0 113.85 4.74 4.56 4.35 4.29 4.22 4.16 4.10 4.00 3.91 3.83 3.75 3.69 3.62 3.57 3.52 3.47 3.42 3.38 3.35 3.31
6.1 115.75 4.88 4.70 4.49 4.42 4.35 4.29 4.23 4.12 4.03 3.94 3.87 3.80 3.73 3.68 3.62 3.57 3.53 3.49 3.45 3.41
6.2 117.65 5.02 4.83 4.62 4.55 4.48 4.42 4.35 4.24 4.15 4.06 3.98 3.91 3.85 3.79 3.73 3.68 3.63 3.59 3.55 3.51
6.3 119.55 5.17 4.97 4.75 4.68 4.61 4.55 4.48 4.37 4.27 4.18 4.10 4.03 3.96 3.90 3.84 3.79 3.74 3.70 3.66 3.62
6.4 121.45 5.32 5.12 4.89 4.82 4.74 4.68 4.61 4.49 4.39 4.30 4.22 4.14 4.07 4.01 3.95 3.90 3.85 3.81 3.76 3.72
6.5 123.34 5.46 5.26 5.03 4.95 4.87 4.81 4.74 4.62 4.52 4.42 4.34 4.26 4.19 4.13 4.07 4.01 3.96 3.91 3.87 3.83
6.6 125.24 5.62 5.41 5.17 5.09 5.01 4.94 4.87 4.75 4.64 4.55 4.46 4.38 4.31 4.24 4.18 4.12 4.07 4.02 3.98 3.94
6.7 127.14 5.77 5.55 5.31 5.23 5.15 5.08 5.01 4.88 4.77 4.67 4.58 4.50 4.43 4.36 4.30 4.24 4.19 4.14 4.09 4.05
6.8 129.04 5.92 5.70 5.45 5.37 5.29 5.22 5.14 5.01 4.90 4.80 4.71 4.62 4.55 4.48 4.41 4.35 4.30 4.25 4.20 4.16
6.9 130.93 6.08 5.85 5.60 5.51 5.43 5.35 5.28 5.15 5.03 4.93 4.83 4.75 4.67 4.60 4.53 4.47 4.42 4.36 4.32 4.27
7.0 132.83 6.24 6.01 5.74 5.66 5.57 5.49 5.42 5.28 5.16 5.06 4.96 4.87 4.79 4.72 4.65 4.59 4.53 4.48 4.43 4.38
7.1 134.73 6.40 6.16 5.89 5.80 5.71 5.64 5.56 5.42 5.30 5.19 5.09 5.00 4.92 4.84 4.77 4.71 4.65 4.60 4.55 4.50
7.2 136.63 6.56 6.32 6.04 5.95 5.86 5.78 5.70 5.56 5.43 5.32 5.22 5.13 5.04 4.97 4.90 4.83 4.77 4.72 4.66 4.62
7.3 138.52 6.72 6.48 6.19 6.10 6.01 5.93 5.84 5.70 5.57 5.46 5.35 5.26 5.17 5.09 5.02 4.96 4.89 4.84 4.78 4.73
7.4 140.42 6.89 6.64 6.35 6.25 6.15 6.07 5.99 5.84 5.71 5.59 5.49 5.39 5.30 5.22 5.15 5.08 5.02 4.96 4.90 4.85

7.5 142.32 7.06 6.80 6.50 6.40 6.30 6.22 6.13 5.98 5.85 5.73 5.62 5.52 5.43 5.35 5.27 5.21 5.14 5.08 5.02 4.97
—
7.6 144.22 7.23 6.96 6.66 6.56 6.46 6.37 6.28 6.13 5.99 5.87 5.76 5.66 5.56 5.48 5.40 5.33 5.27 5.20 5.15 5.09
7.7 146.11 7.40 7.13 6.82 6.72 6.61 6.52 6.43 6.28 6.13 6.01 5.90 5.79 5.70 5.61 5.53 5.46 5.39 5.33 5.27 5.22
7.8 148.01 7.57 7.29 6.98 6.87 6.77 6.68 6.58 6.42 6.28 6.15 6.04 5.93 5.83 5.75 5.66 5.59 5.52 5.46 5.40 5.34
7.9 149.91 7.75 7.46 7.14 7.03 6.92 6.83 6.74 6.57 6.43 6.29 6.18 6.07 5.97 5.88 5.80 5.72 5.65 5.59 5.52 5.47
8.0 151.81 7.92 7.63 7.30 7.19 7.08 6.99 6.89 6.72 6.57 6.44 6.32 6.21 6.11 6.02 5.93 5.85 5.78 5.71 5.65 5.60
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1.5 28.46 0.54 0.52 0.50 0.49 0.48 0.46 0.45 0.43 0.41 0.39 0.38 0.37 0.36 0.35 0.34 0.33 0.32 0.32 0.31 0.31
1.6 30.36 0.60 0.58 0.56 0.55 0.53 0.52 0.50 0.48 0.46 0.44 0.43 0.41 0.40 0.39 0.38 0.37 0.36 0.36 0.35 0.35
Appendix G
1.7 32.26 0.67 0.65 0.63 0.61 0.59 0.58 0.56 0.53 0.51 0.49 0.47 0.46 0.45 0.43 0.42 0.41 0.41 0.40 0.39 0.39
1.8 34.16 0.74 0.72 0.69 0.67 0.65 0.64 0.62 0.59 0.57 0.54 0.52 0.51 0.49 0.48 0.47 0.46 0.45 0.44 0.43 0.43
1.9 36.05 0.81 0.79 0.76 0.74 0.72 0.70 0.68 0.65 0.62 0.60 0.58 0.56 0.54 0.53 0.52 0.51 0.49 0.49 0.48 0.47
2.0 37.95 0.89 0.86 0.83 0.81 0.78 0.76 0.74 0.71 0.68 0.65 0.63 0.61 0.60 0.58 0.57 0.55 0.54 0.53 0.52 0.52

2.1 39.85 0.96 0.93 0.90 0.88 0.85 0.83 0.81 0.77 0.74 0.71 0.69 0.67 0.65 0.63 0.62 0.60 0.59 0.58 0.57 0.56
—
2.2 41.75 1.04 1.01 0.98 0.95 0.93 0.90 0.88 0.84 0.80 0.77 0.75 0.73 0.70 0.69 0.67 0.66 0.64 0.63 0.62 0.61
2.3 43.64 1.13 1.09 1.06 1.03 1.00 0.98 0.95 0.91 0.87 0.84 0.81 0.78 0.76 0.74 0.73 0.71 0.70 0.68 0.67 0.66
2.4 45.54 1.21 1.18 1.14 1.11 1.08 1.05 1.02 0.98 0.94 0.90 0.87 0.85 0.82 0.80 0.78 0.77 0.75 0.74 0.72 0.71
2.5 47.44 1.30 1.26 1.22 1.19 1.16 1.13 1.10 1.05 1.01 0.97 0.94 0.91 0.88 0.86 0.84 0.82 0.81 0.79 0.78 0.77
2.6 49.34 1.39 1.35 1.31 1.28 1.24 1.21 1.18 1.12 1.08 1.04 1.00 0.97 0.95 0.92 0.90 0.88 0.87 0.85 0.84 0.82
2.7 51.23 1.49 1.45 1.40 1.36 1.32 1.29 1.26 1.20 1.15 1.11 1.07 1.04 1.01 0.99 0.97 0.95 0.93 0.91 0.89 0.88
2.8 53.13 1.59 1.54 1.49 1.45 1.41 1.38 1.34 1.28 1.23 1.19 1.15 1.11 1.08 1.05 1.03 1.01 0.99 0.97 0.95 0.94
2.9 55.03 1.69 1.64 1.59 1.54 1.50 1.46 1.43 1.36 1.31 1.26 1.22 1.18 1.15 1.12 1.10 1.07 1.05 1.03 1.02 1.00
3.0 56.93 1.79 1.74 1.68 1.64 1.59 1.55 1.51 1.45 1.39 1.34 1.30 1.26 1.22 1.19 1.17 1.14 1.12 1.10 1.08 1.07
3.1 58.82 1.89 1.84 1.78 1.74 1.69 1.65 1.60 1.53 1.47 1.42 1.37 1.33 1.30 1.26 1.24 1.21 1.19 1.17 1.15 1.13

3.2 60.72 2.00 1.94 1.88 1.83 1.78 1.74 1.70 1.62 1.56 1.50 1.45 1.41 1.37 1.34 1.31 1.28 1.26 1.23 1.21 1.20
3.3 62.62 2.11 2.05 1.99 1.94 1.88 1.84 1.79 1.71 1.64 1.59 1.53 1.49 1.45 1.41 1.38 1.35 1.33 1.30 1.28 1.26
3.4 64.52 2.22 2.16 2.09 2.04 1.98 1.94 1.89 1.81 1.73 1.67 1.62 1.57 1.53 1.49 1.46 1.43 1.40 1.38 1.35 1.33
3.5 66.42 2.34 2.27 2.20 2.15 2.09 2.04 1.99 1.90 1.83 1.76 1.70 1.65 1.61 1.57 1.54 1.50 1.47 1.45 1.42 1.41
3.6 68.31 2.46 2.39 2.31 2.26 2.19 2.14 2.09 2.00 1.92 1.85 1.79 1.74 1.69 1.65 1.62 1.58 1.55 1.52 1.50 1.48
3.7 70.21 2.58 2.51 2.43 2.37 2.30 2.25 2.19 2.10 2.01 1.94 1.88 1.83 1.78 1.73 1.70 1.66 1.63 1.60 1.57 1.55
3.8 72.11 2.70 2.62 2.54 2.48 2.41 2.36 2.30 2.20 2.11 2.04 1.97 1.92 1.86 1.82 1.78 1.74 1.71 1.68 1.65 1.63
3.9 74.01 2.83 2.75 2.66 2.60 2.52 2.47 2.40 2.30 2.21 2.13 2.07 2.01 1.95 1.90 1.86 1.83 1.79 1.76 1.73 1.71
4.0 75.90 2.95 2.87 2.78 2.71 2.64 2.58 2.51 2.41 2.31 2.23 2.16 2.10 2.04 1.99 1.95 1.91 1.87 1.84 1.81 1.79
4.1 77.80 3.08 3.00 2.91 2.83 2.76 2.69 2.63 2.51 2.42 2.33 2.26 2.19 2.14 2.08 2.04 2.00 1.96 1.93 1.89 1.87
4.2 79.70 3.22 3.13 3.03 2.96 2.88 2.81 2.74 2.62 2.52 2.43 2.36 2.29 2.23 2.17 2.13 2.09 2.04 2.01 1.98 1.95
4.3 81.60 3.35 3.26 3.16 3.08 3.00 2.93 2.86 2.74 2.63 2.54 2.46 2.39 2.33 2.27 2.22 2.18 2.13 2.10 2.06 2.04
4.4 83.49 3.49 3.39 3.29 3.21 3.12 3.05 2.97 2.85 2.74 2.64 2.56 2.49 2.42 2.36 2.31 2.27 2.22 2.19 2.15 2.12
4.5 85.39 3.63 3.53 3.42 3.34 3.25 3.17 3.09 2.96 2.85 2.75 2.67 2.59 2.52 2.46 2.41 2.36 2.31 2.28 2.24 2.21
4.6 87.29 3.77 3.67 3.56 3.47 3.38 3.30 3.22 3.08 2.97 2.86 2.77 2.69 2.62 2.56 2.51 2.46 2.41 2.37 2.33 2.30
4.7 89.19 3.92 3.81 3.69 3.60 3.51 3.43 3.34 3.20 3.08 2.97 2.88 2.80 2.73 2.66 2.61 2.55 2.50 2.46 2.42 2.39
319
320
4.8 91.08 4.06 3.95 3.83 3.74 3.64 3.56 3.47 3.32 3.20 3.09 2.99 2.91 2.83 2.76 2.71 2.65 2.60 2.56 2.51 2.48
4.9 92.98 4.21 4.10 3.98 3.88 3.77 3.69 3.60 3.45 3.32 3.20 3.10 3.02 2.94 2.87 2.81 2.75 2.70 2.65 2.61 2.58
Appendix G
5.0 94.88 4.37 4.25 4.12 4.02 3.91 3.82 3.73 3.57 3.44 3.32 3.22 3.13 3.05 2.97 2.91 2.85 2.80 2.75 2.71 2.67
5.1 96.78 4.52 4.40 4.27 4.16 4.05 3.96 3.86 3.70 3.56 3.44 3.33 3.24 3.16 3.08 3.02 2.96 2.90 2.85 2.80 2.77
5.2 98.67 4.68 4.55 4.41 4.31 4.19 4.10 4.00 3.83 3.69 3.56 3.45 3.35 3.27 3.19 3.12 3.06 3.00 2.95 2.91 2.87
5.3 100.57 4.84 4.71 4.57 4.45 4.34 4.24 4.14 3.96 3.82 3.69 3.57 3.47 3.38 3.30 3.23 3.17 3.11 3.06 3.01 2.97
5.4 102.47 5.00 4.86 4.72 4.60 4.48 4.38 4.27 4.10 3.94 3.81 3.69 3.59 3.50 3.41 3.34 3.28 3.21 3.16 3.11 3.07
5.5 104.37 5.16 5.02 4.87 4.76 4.63 4.53 4.42 4.23 4.08 3.94 3.81 3.71 3.61 3.53 3.46 3.39 3.32 3.27 3.21 3.17
5.6 106.26 5.33 5.18 5.03 4.91 4.78 4.67 4.56 4.37 4.21 4.07 3.94 3.83 3.73 3.64 3.57 3.50 3.43 3.38 3.32 3.28
5.7 108.16 5.49 5.35 5.19 5.07 4.93 4.82 4.70 4.51 4.34 4.20 4.07 3.95 3.85 3.76 3.69 3.61 3.54 3.49 3.43 3.39
5.8 110.06 5.67 5.51 5.35 5.22 5.09 4.97 4.85 4.65 4.48 4.33 4.19 4.08 3.98 3.88 3.80 3.73 3.66 3.60 3.54 3.49
5.9 111.96 5.84 5.68 5.52 5.38 5.24 5.13 5.00 4.80 4.62 4.46 4.33 4.21 4.10 4.00 3.92 3.84 3.77 3.71 3.65 3.60
6.0 113.85 6.01 5.85 5.68 5.55 5.40 5.28 5.15 4.94 4.76 4.60 4.46 4.34 4.22 4.12 4.04 3.96 3.89 3.82 3.76 3.72
6.1 115.75 6.19 6.03 5.85 5.71 5.56 5.44 5.31 5.09 4.90 4.74 4.59 4.47 4.35 4.25 4.16 4.08 4.00 3.94 3.88 3.83
6.2 117.65 6.37 6.20 6.02 5.88 5.72 5.60 5.46 5.24 5.05 4.88 4.73 4.60 4.48 4.37 4.29 4.20 4.12 4.06 3.99 3.94
6.3 119.55 6.55 6.38 6.19 6.05 5.89 5.76 5.62 5.39 5.19 5.02 4.86 4.73 4.61 4.50 4.41 4.33 4.24 4.18 4.11 4.06
6.4 121.45 6.74 6.56 6.37 6.22 6.05 5.92 5.78 5.55 5.34 5.16 5.00 4.87 4.74 4.63 4.54 4.45 4.37 4.30 4.23 4.18
6.5 123.34 6.92 6.74 6.54 6.39 6.22 6.09 5.94 5.70 5.49 5.31 5.14 5.00 4.88 4.76 4.67 4.58 4.49 4.42 4.35 4.30
6.6 125.24 7.11 6.93 6.72 6.56 6.39 6.25 6.10 5.86 5.64 5.45 5.29 5.14 5.01 4.90 4.80 4.70 4.62 4.54 4.47 4.42
6.7 127.14 7.30 7.11 6.90 6.74 6.57 6.42 6.27 6.02 5.80 5.60 5.43 5.28 5.15 5.03 4.93 4.83 4.74 4.67 4.59 4.54
6.8 129.04 7.50 7.30 7.09 6.92 6.74 6.59 6.44 6.18 5.95 5.75 5.58 5.43 5.29 5.17 5.06 4.96 4.87 4.79 4.72 4.66
6.9 130.93 7.69 7.49 7.27 7.10 6.92 6.77 6.61 6.34 6.11 5.91 5.73 5.57 5.43 5.30 5.20 5.10 5.00 4.92 4.84 4.79
7.0 132.83 7.89 7.68 7.46 7.29 7.10 6.94 6.78 6.51 6.27 6.06 5.88 5.72 5.57 5.44 5.34 5.23 5.13 5.05 4.97 4.91
7.1 134.73 8.09 7.88 7.65 7.47 7.28 7.12 6.95 6.67 6.43 6.22 6.03 5.86 5.72 5.58 5.47 5.37 5.27 5.18 5.10 5.04
7.2 136.63 8.29 8.08 7.84 7.66 7.46 7.30 7.13 6.84 6.59 6.37 6.18 6.01 5.86 5.73 5.61 5.50 5.40 5.32 5.23 5.17
7.3 138.52 8.50 8.28 8.04 7.85 7.65 7.48 7.30 7.01 6.76 6.53 6.34 6.17 6.01 5.87 5.76 5.64 5.54 5.45 5.37 5.30
7.4 140.42 8.70 8.48 8.23 8.04 7.83 7.66 7.48 7.18 6.92 6.69 6.49 6.32 6.16 6.02 5.90 5.78 5.68 5.59 5.50 5.43

7.5 142.32 8.91 8.68 8.43 8.23 8.02 7.85 7.66 7.36 7.09 6.86 6.65 6.47 6.31 6.16 6.04 5.93 5.82 5.73 5.63 5.57
—
7.6 144.22 9.12 8.89 8.63 8.43 8.21 8.04 7.85 7.53 7.26 7.02 6.81 6.63 6.46 6.31 6.19 6.07 5.96 5.86 5.77 5.70
7.7 146.11 9.33 9.09 8.83 8.63 8.41 8.23 8.03 7.71 7.43 7.19 6.97 6.79 6.62 6.46 6.34 6.21 6.10 6.00 5.91 5.84
7.8 148.01 9.55 9.30 9.04 8.83 8.60 8.42 8.22 7.89 7.61 7.36 7.14 6.95 6.77 6.61 6.49 6.36 6.24 6.15 6.05 5.98
7.9 149.91 9.77 9.52 9.24 9.03 8.80 8.61 8.41 8.07 7.78 7.53 7.30 7.11 6.93 6.77 6.64 6.51 6.39 6.29 6.19 6.12
8.0 151.81 9.99 9.73 9.45 9.23 9.00 8.80 8.60 8.26 7.96 7.70 7.47 7.27 7.09 6.92 6.79 6.66 6.54 6.44 6.33 6.26
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1.5 28.46 0.62 0.60 0.57 0.55 0.53 0.52 0.50 0.47 0.45 0.43 0.41 0.39 0.38 0.37 0.36 0.35 0.34 0.34 0.33 0.32
1.6 30.36 0.70 0.67 0.64 0.62 0.60 0.58 0.56 0.53 0.50 0.48 0.46 0.44 0.43 0.41 0.40 0.39 0.38 0.38 0.37 0.36
Appendix G
1.7 32.26 0.77 0.74 0.71 0.69 0.66 0.64 0.62 0.59 0.56 0.53 0.51 0.49 0.48 0.46 0.45 0.44 0.43 0.42 0.41 0.40
1.8 34.16 0.85 0.82 0.78 0.76 0.73 0.71 0.69 0.65 0.62 0.59 0.56 0.54 0.53 0.51 0.50 0.48 0.47 0.46 0.45 0.45
1.9 36.05 0.93 0.90 0.86 0.83 0.80 0.78 0.75 0.71 0.68 0.65 0.62 0.60 0.58 0.56 0.55 0.53 0.52 0.51 0.50 0.49
2.0 37.95 1.02 0.98 0.94 0.91 0.88 0.85 0.82 0.78 0.74 0.71 0.68 0.65 0.63 0.61 0.60 0.58 0.57 0.56 0.55 0.54

2.1 39.85 1.11 1.07 1.02 0.99 0.95 0.93 0.90 0.85 0.81 0.77 0.74 0.71 0.69 0.67 0.65 0.64 0.62 0.61 0.60 0.59
—
2.2 41.75 1.20 1.16 1.11 1.07 1.03 1.00 0.97 0.92 0.87 0.84 0.80 0.77 0.75 0.73 0.71 0.69 0.67 0.66 0.65 0.64
2.3 43.64 1.30 1.25 1.20 1.16 1.12 1.08 1.05 0.99 0.94 0.90 0.87 0.84 0.81 0.79 0.77 0.75 0.73 0.72 0.70 0.69
2.4 45.54 1.39 1.34 1.29 1.25 1.20 1.17 1.13 1.07 1.02 0.97 0.94 0.90 0.87 0.85 0.83 0.81 0.79 0.77 0.76 0.75
2.5 47.44 1.50 1.44 1.38 1.34 1.29 1.25 1.21 1.15 1.09 1.05 1.01 0.97 0.94 0.91 0.89 0.87 0.85 0.83 0.81 0.80
2.6 49.34 1.60 1.54 1.48 1.43 1.38 1.34 1.30 1.23 1.17 1.12 1.08 1.04 1.01 0.98 0.95 0.93 0.91 0.89 0.87 0.86
2.7 51.23 1.71 1.65 1.58 1.53 1.47 1.43 1.39 1.31 1.25 1.20 1.15 1.11 1.08 1.04 1.02 0.99 0.97 0.95 0.93 0.92
2.8 53.13 1.82 1.75 1.68 1.63 1.57 1.53 1.48 1.40 1.33 1.28 1.23 1.19 1.15 1.11 1.09 1.06 1.04 1.02 1.00 0.98
2.9 55.03 1.93 1.86 1.79 1.73 1.67 1.62 1.57 1.49 1.42 1.36 1.31 1.26 1.22 1.19 1.16 1.13 1.10 1.08 1.06 1.05
3.0 56.93 2.05 1.97 1.89 1.84 1.77 1.72 1.67 1.58 1.51 1.44 1.39 1.34 1.30 1.26 1.23 1.20 1.17 1.15 1.13 1.11
3.1 58.82 2.17 2.09 2.01 1.94 1.87 1.82 1.77 1.67 1.60 1.53 1.47 1.42 1.38 1.34 1.30 1.27 1.24 1.22 1.20 1.18

3.2 60.72 2.29 2.21 2.12 2.05 1.98 1.93 1.87 1.77 1.69 1.62 1.56 1.50 1.46 1.41 1.38 1.35 1.32 1.29 1.27 1.25
3.3 62.62 2.41 2.33 2.24 2.17 2.09 2.03 1.97 1.87 1.78 1.71 1.64 1.59 1.54 1.49 1.46 1.42 1.39 1.37 1.34 1.32
3.4 64.52 2.54 2.45 2.35 2.28 2.20 2.14 2.08 1.97 1.88 1.80 1.73 1.67 1.62 1.57 1.53 1.50 1.47 1.44 1.41 1.39
3.5 66.42 2.67 2.58 2.48 2.40 2.32 2.25 2.18 2.07 1.98 1.89 1.82 1.76 1.71 1.66 1.62 1.58 1.54 1.52 1.49 1.46
3.6 68.31 2.80 2.71 2.60 2.52 2.43 2.37 2.29 2.18 2.08 1.99 1.92 1.85 1.79 1.74 1.70 1.66 1.62 1.60 1.56 1.54
3.7 70.21 2.94 2.84 2.73 2.64 2.55 2.48 2.41 2.28 2.18 2.09 2.01 1.94 1.88 1.83 1.78 1.75 1.71 1.68 1.64 1.62
3.8 72.11 3.08 2.97 2.86 2.77 2.67 2.60 2.52 2.39 2.28 2.19 2.11 2.04 1.98 1.92 1.87 1.83 1.79 1.76 1.72 1.70
3.9 74.01 3.22 3.11 2.99 2.90 2.80 2.72 2.64 2.51 2.39 2.29 2.21 2.13 2.07 2.01 1.96 1.92 1.87 1.84 1.81 1.78
4.0 75.90 3.37 3.25 3.12 3.03 2.93 2.85 2.76 2.62 2.50 2.40 2.31 2.23 2.16 2.10 2.05 2.01 1.96 1.93 1.89 1.86
4.1 77.80 3.51 3.39 3.26 3.16 3.05 2.97 2.88 2.74 2.61 2.51 2.41 2.33 2.26 2.20 2.14 2.10 2.05 2.01 1.97 1.95
4.2 79.70 3.66 3.54 3.40 3.30 3.19 3.10 3.01 2.86 2.73 2.62 2.52 2.43 2.36 2.29 2.24 2.19 2.14 2.10 2.06 2.03
4.3 81.60 3.81 3.69 3.54 3.44 3.32 3.23 3.13 2.98 2.84 2.73 2.63 2.54 2.46 2.39 2.33 2.28 2.23 2.19 2.15 2.12
4.4 83.49 3.97 3.84 3.69 3.58 3.46 3.36 3.26 3.10 2.96 2.84 2.74 2.64 2.57 2.49 2.43 2.38 2.33 2.29 2.24 2.21
4.5 85.39 4.13 3.99 3.84 3.72 3.60 3.50 3.39 3.22 3.08 2.96 2.85 2.75 2.67 2.60 2.53 2.48 2.42 2.38 2.33 2.30
4.6 87.29 4.29 4.14 3.99 3.87 3.74 3.64 3.53 3.35 3.20 3.07 2.96 2.86 2.78 2.70 2.63 2.58 2.52 2.48 2.43 2.39
4.7 89.19 4.45 4.30 4.14 4.01 3.88 3.78 3.66 3.48 3.33 3.19 3.08 2.97 2.89 2.81 2.74 2.68 2.62 2.57 2.52 2.49
321
322
4.8 91.08 4.62 4.46 4.29 4.17 4.03 3.92 3.80 3.61 3.45 3.31 3.20 3.09 3.00 2.91 2.84 2.78 2.72 2.67 2.62 2.58
4.9 92.98 4.79 4.63 4.45 4.32 4.18 4.06 3.94 3.75 3.58 3.44 3.31 3.20 3.11 3.02 2.95 2.89 2.82 2.77 2.72 2.68
Appendix G
5.0 94.88 4.96 4.79 4.61 4.47 4.33 4.21 4.09 3.88 3.71 3.56 3.44 3.32 3.22 3.13 3.06 2.99 2.93 2.88 2.82 2.78
5.1 96.78 5.13 4.96 4.77 4.63 4.48 4.36 4.23 4.02 3.84 3.69 3.56 3.44 3.34 3.25 3.17 3.10 3.03 2.98 2.92 2.88
5.2 98.67 5.31 5.13 4.94 4.79 4.63 4.51 4.38 4.16 3.98 3.82 3.68 3.56 3.46 3.36 3.28 3.21 3.14 3.09 3.03 2.98
5.3 100.57 5.49 5.31 5.11 4.96 4.79 4.67 4.53 4.31 4.11 3.95 3.81 3.69 3.58 3.48 3.40 3.32 3.25 3.20 3.13 3.09
5.4 102.47 5.67 5.48 5.28 5.12 4.95 4.82 4.68 4.45 4.25 4.09 3.94 3.81 3.70 3.60 3.51 3.44 3.36 3.30 3.24 3.19
5.5 104.37 5.85 5.66 5.45 5.29 5.11 4.98 4.83 4.60 4.39 4.22 4.07 3.94 3.82 3.72 3.63 3.55 3.47 3.42 3.35 3.30
5.6 106.26 6.04 5.84 5.62 5.46 5.28 5.14 4.99 4.75 4.54 4.36 4.20 4.07 3.95 3.84 3.75 3.67 3.59 3.53 3.46 3.41
5.7 108.16 6.23 6.02 5.80 5.63 5.45 5.30 5.15 4.90 4.68 4.50 4.34 4.20 4.07 3.96 3.87 3.79 3.70 3.64 3.57 3.52
5.8 110.06 6.42 6.21 5.98 5.80 5.61 5.47 5.31 5.05 4.83 4.64 4.48 4.33 4.20 4.09 3.99 3.91 3.82 3.76 3.69 3.63
5.9 111.96 6.62 6.40 6.16 5.98 5.79 5.64 5.47 5.21 4.98 4.78 4.61 4.46 4.33 4.22 4.12 4.03 3.94 3.88 3.80 3.75
6.0 113.85 6.81 6.59 6.34 6.16 5.96 5.80 5.64 5.36 5.13 4.93 4.75 4.60 4.47 4.34 4.24 4.15 4.06 4.00 3.92 3.86
6.1 115.75 7.01 6.78 6.53 6.34 6.14 5.98 5.80 5.52 5.28 5.08 4.90 4.74 4.60 4.48 4.37 4.28 4.19 4.12 4.04 3.98
6.2 117.65 7.21 6.98 6.72 6.53 6.31 6.15 5.97 5.68 5.44 5.23 5.04 4.88 4.74 4.61 4.50 4.40 4.31 4.24 4.16 4.10
6.3 119.55 7.42 7.18 6.91 6.71 6.49 6.33 6.14 5.85 5.59 5.38 5.19 5.02 4.87 4.74 4.63 4.53 4.44 4.36 4.28 4.22
6.4 121.45 7.63 7.38 7.11 6.90 6.68 6.50 6.32 6.01 5.75 5.53 5.34 5.16 5.01 4.88 4.76 4.66 4.56 4.49 4.40 4.34
6.5 123.34 7.83 7.58 7.30 7.09 6.86 6.69 6.49 6.18 5.91 5.68 5.48 5.31 5.15 5.02 4.90 4.80 4.69 4.62 4.53 4.46
6.6 125.24 8.05 7.79 7.50 7.28 7.05 6.87 6.67 6.35 6.07 5.84 5.64 5.45 5.30 5.15 5.03 4.93 4.82 4.74 4.65 4.59
6.7 127.14 8.26 7.99 7.70 7.48 7.24 7.05 6.85 6.52 6.24 6.00 5.79 5.60 5.44 5.30 5.17 5.06 4.96 4.87 4.78 4.72
6.8 129.04 8.48 8.20 7.90 7.68 7.43 7.24 7.03 6.70 6.41 6.16 5.95 5.75 5.59 5.44 5.31 5.20 5.09 5.01 4.91 4.84
6.9 130.93 8.70 8.42 8.11 7.88 7.62 7.43 7.22 6.87 6.57 6.32 6.10 5.91 5.74 5.58 5.45 5.34 5.23 5.14 5.04 4.97
7.0 132.83 8.92 8.63 8.32 8.08 7.82 7.62 7.40 7.05 6.75 6.49 6.26 6.06 5.89 5.73 5.60 5.48 5.36 5.28 5.18 5.10
7.1 134.73 9.14 8.85 8.53 8.28 8.02 7.81 7.59 7.23 6.92 6.65 6.42 6.22 6.04 5.88 5.74 5.62 5.50 5.41 5.31 5.24
7.2 136.63 9.37 9.07 8.74 8.49 8.22 8.01 7.78 7.41 7.09 6.82 6.58 6.37 6.19 6.03 5.89 5.77 5.64 5.55 5.45 5.37
7.3 138.52 9.60 9.29 8.95 8.70 8.42 8.21 7.97 7.59 7.27 6.99 6.75 6.53 6.35 6.18 6.03 5.91 5.78 5.69 5.58 5.51
7.4 140.42 9.83 9.52 9.17 8.91 8.63 8.41 8.17 7.78 7.45 7.16 6.92 6.69 6.50 6.33 6.18 6.06 5.93 5.83 5.72 5.64

7.5 142.32 10.06 9.74 9.39 9.12 8.83 8.61 8.37 7.97 7.63 7.34 7.08 6.86 6.66 6.49 6.34 6.21 6.07 5.98 5.86 5.78
—
7.6 144.22 10.30 9.97 9.61 9.34 9.04 8.81 8.56 8.16 7.81 7.51 7.25 7.02 6.82 6.64 6.49 6.36 6.22 6.12 6.01 5.92
7.7 146.11 10.54 10.20 9.83 9.56 9.25 9.02 8.76 8.35 7.99 7.69 7.43 7.19 6.98 6.80 6.64 6.51 6.37 6.27 6.15 6.06
7.8 148.01 10.78 10.44 10.06 9.78 9.47 9.23 8.97 8.54 8.18 7.87 7.60 7.36 7.15 6.96 6.80 6.66 6.52 6.41 6.30 6.21
7.9 149.91 11.02 10.67 10.29 10.00 9.68 9.44 9.17 8.74 8.37 8.05 7.77 7.53 7.31 7.12 6.96 6.81 6.67 6.56 6.44 6.35
8.0 151.81 11.27 10.91 10.52 10.22 9.90 9.65 9.38 8.94 8.56 8.23 7.95 7.70 7.48 7.28 7.12 6.97 6.82 6.71 6.59 6.50
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1.5 28.46 0.70 0.67 0.64 0.62 0.59 0.57 0.55 0.52 0.49 0.47 0.44 0.43 0.41 0.40 0.38 0.37 0.36 0.35 0.35 0.34
1.6 30.36 0.78 0.75 0.72 0.69 0.66 0.64 0.62 0.58 0.55 0.52 0.50 0.48 0.46 0.44 0.43 0.42 0.41 0.40 0.39 0.38
Appendix G
1.7 32.26 0.87 0.83 0.79 0.77 0.73 0.71 0.68 0.64 0.61 0.58 0.55 0.53 0.51 0.49 0.48 0.46 0.45 0.44 0.43 0.42
1.8 34.16 0.96 0.92 0.88 0.84 0.81 0.78 0.76 0.71 0.67 0.64 0.61 0.59 0.56 0.55 0.53 0.51 0.50 0.49 0.48 0.47
1.9 36.05 1.05 1.01 0.96 0.93 0.89 0.86 0.83 0.78 0.74 0.70 0.67 0.64 0.62 0.60 0.58 0.57 0.55 0.54 0.53 0.51
2.0 37.95 1.14 1.10 1.05 1.01 0.97 0.94 0.91 0.85 0.81 0.77 0.73 0.70 0.68 0.66 0.64 0.62 0.60 0.59 0.58 0.56

2.1 39.85 1.24 1.19 1.14 1.10 1.06 1.02 0.99 0.93 0.88 0.84 0.80 0.77 0.74 0.72 0.69 0.67 0.66 0.64 0.63 0.61
—
2.2 41.75 1.34 1.29 1.23 1.19 1.14 1.11 1.07 1.01 0.95 0.91 0.87 0.83 0.80 0.78 0.75 0.73 0.71 0.70 0.68 0.67
2.3 43.64 1.45 1.39 1.33 1.28 1.23 1.20 1.15 1.09 1.03 0.98 0.94 0.90 0.87 0.84 0.81 0.79 0.77 0.75 0.74 0.72
2.4 45.54 1.56 1.50 1.43 1.38 1.33 1.29 1.24 1.17 1.11 1.06 1.01 0.97 0.94 0.91 0.88 0.85 0.83 0.81 0.80 0.78
2.5 47.44 1.67 1.61 1.54 1.48 1.42 1.38 1.33 1.26 1.19 1.13 1.08 1.04 1.01 0.97 0.94 0.92 0.90 0.87 0.86 0.84
2.6 49.34 1.79 1.72 1.64 1.59 1.52 1.48 1.43 1.34 1.27 1.21 1.16 1.12 1.08 1.04 1.01 0.98 0.96 0.94 0.92 0.90
2.7 51.23 1.90 1.83 1.75 1.69 1.63 1.58 1.52 1.44 1.36 1.30 1.24 1.19 1.15 1.11 1.08 1.05 1.03 1.00 0.98 0.96
2.8 53.13 2.03 1.95 1.87 1.80 1.73 1.68 1.62 1.53 1.45 1.38 1.32 1.27 1.23 1.19 1.15 1.12 1.09 1.07 1.05 1.03
2.9 55.03 2.15 2.07 1.98 1.91 1.84 1.78 1.72 1.63 1.54 1.47 1.41 1.35 1.31 1.26 1.23 1.20 1.17 1.14 1.12 1.09
3.0 56.93 2.28 2.19 2.10 2.03 1.95 1.89 1.83 1.72 1.64 1.56 1.49 1.44 1.39 1.34 1.30 1.27 1.24 1.21 1.18 1.16
3.1 58.82 2.41 2.32 2.22 2.15 2.07 2.00 1.94 1.83 1.73 1.65 1.58 1.52 1.47 1.42 1.38 1.35 1.31 1.28 1.26 1.23

3.2 60.72 2.55 2.45 2.35 2.27 2.18 2.12 2.05 1.93 1.83 1.75 1.67 1.61 1.56 1.51 1.46 1.42 1.39 1.36 1.33 1.30
3.3 62.62 2.69 2.58 2.48 2.39 2.30 2.23 2.16 2.04 1.93 1.84 1.77 1.70 1.64 1.59 1.54 1.50 1.47 1.43 1.40 1.38
3.4 64.52 2.83 2.72 2.61 2.52 2.42 2.35 2.27 2.15 2.04 1.94 1.86 1.79 1.73 1.68 1.63 1.59 1.55 1.51 1.48 1.45
3.5 66.42 2.97 2.86 2.74 2.65 2.55 2.47 2.39 2.26 2.14 2.05 1.96 1.89 1.82 1.77 1.72 1.67 1.63 1.59 1.56 1.53
3.6 68.31 3.12 3.00 2.88 2.78 2.68 2.60 2.51 2.37 2.25 2.15 2.06 1.98 1.92 1.86 1.80 1.76 1.71 1.67 1.64 1.61
3.7 70.21 3.27 3.15 3.02 2.92 2.81 2.72 2.63 2.49 2.36 2.26 2.16 2.08 2.01 1.95 1.89 1.84 1.80 1.76 1.72 1.69
3.8 72.11 3.42 3.30 3.16 3.05 2.94 2.85 2.76 2.61 2.48 2.36 2.27 2.18 2.11 2.04 1.99 1.93 1.89 1.84 1.81 1.77
3.9 74.01 3.58 3.45 3.30 3.19 3.08 2.99 2.89 2.73 2.59 2.47 2.37 2.29 2.21 2.14 2.08 2.03 1.98 1.93 1.89 1.86
4.0 75.90 3.74 3.60 3.45 3.34 3.21 3.12 3.02 2.85 2.71 2.59 2.48 2.39 2.31 2.24 2.18 2.12 2.07 2.02 1.98 1.94
4.1 77.80 3.90 3.76 3.60 3.48 3.36 3.26 3.15 2.98 2.83 2.70 2.59 2.50 2.41 2.34 2.27 2.21 2.16 2.11 2.07 2.03
4.2 79.70 4.06 3.92 3.75 3.63 3.50 3.40 3.29 3.11 2.95 2.82 2.71 2.61 2.52 2.44 2.37 2.31 2.26 2.20 2.16 2.12
4.3 81.60 4.23 4.08 3.91 3.78 3.65 3.54 3.42 3.24 3.08 2.94 2.82 2.72 2.63 2.55 2.47 2.41 2.35 2.30 2.26 2.21
4.4 83.49 4.40 4.24 4.07 3.94 3.79 3.68 3.56 3.37 3.20 3.06 2.94 2.83 2.74 2.65 2.58 2.51 2.45 2.40 2.35 2.31
4.5 85.39 4.58 4.41 4.23 4.10 3.95 3.83 3.71 3.51 3.33 3.19 3.06 2.95 2.85 2.76 2.68 2.62 2.55 2.49 2.45 2.40
4.6 87.29 4.75 4.58 4.40 4.25 4.10 3.98 3.85 3.64 3.46 3.31 3.18 3.06 2.96 2.87 2.79 2.72 2.65 2.59 2.55 2.50
4.7 89.19 4.93 4.76 4.56 4.42 4.26 4.13 4.00 3.78 3.60 3.44 3.30 3.18 3.08 2.98 2.90 2.83 2.76 2.70 2.65 2.60
323
324
4.8 91.08 5.12 4.93 4.73 4.58 4.42 4.29 4.15 3.93 3.73 3.57 3.43 3.30 3.19 3.10 3.01 2.93 2.86 2.80 2.75 2.70
4.9 92.98 5.30 5.11 4.91 4.75 4.58 4.45 4.30 4.07 3.87 3.70 3.56 3.43 3.31 3.21 3.12 3.05 2.97 2.91 2.85 2.80
Appendix G
5.0 94.88 5.49 5.30 5.08 4.92 4.74 4.61 4.46 4.22 4.01 3.84 3.68 3.55 3.43 3.33 3.24 3.16 3.08 3.01 2.96 2.90
5.1 96.78 5.68 5.48 5.26 5.09 4.91 4.77 4.62 4.37 4.16 3.97 3.82 3.68 3.56 3.45 3.35 3.27 3.19 3.12 3.06 3.01
5.2 98.67 5.88 5.67 5.44 5.27 5.08 4.93 4.78 4.52 4.30 4.11 3.95 3.81 3.68 3.57 3.47 3.39 3.31 3.23 3.17 3.11
5.3 100.57 6.07 5.86 5.62 5.44 5.25 5.10 4.94 4.67 4.45 4.25 4.09 3.94 3.81 3.69 3.59 3.50 3.42 3.34 3.28 3.22
5.4 102.47 6.27 6.05 5.81 5.62 5.42 5.27 5.10 4.83 4.60 4.40 4.22 4.07 3.94 3.82 3.72 3.62 3.54 3.46 3.39 3.33
5.5 104.37 6.47 6.25 6.00 5.81 5.60 5.44 5.27 4.99 4.75 4.54 4.36 4.21 4.07 3.95 3.84 3.74 3.66 3.57 3.51 3.44
5.6 106.26 6.68 6.45 6.19 5.99 5.78 5.62 5.44 5.15 4.90 4.69 4.51 4.34 4.20 4.08 3.97 3.87 3.78 3.69 3.62 3.56
5.7 108.16 6.89 6.65 6.38 6.18 5.96 5.79 5.61 5.31 5.06 4.84 4.65 4.48 4.34 4.21 4.09 3.99 3.90 3.81 3.74 3.67
5.8 110.06 7.10 6.85 6.58 6.37 6.15 5.97 5.78 5.48 5.22 4.99 4.79 4.62 4.47 4.34 4.22 4.12 4.02 3.93 3.86 3.79
5.9 111.96 7.31 7.06 6.78 6.56 6.33 6.15 5.96 5.65 5.38 5.14 4.94 4.77 4.61 4.47 4.35 4.25 4.15 4.06 3.98 3.91
6.0 113.85 7.53 7.27 6.98 6.76 6.52 6.34 6.14 5.82 5.54 5.30 5.09 4.91 4.75 4.61 4.49 4.38 4.27 4.18 4.10 4.03
6.1 115.75 7.75 7.48 7.18 6.96 6.71 6.52 6.32 5.99 5.70 5.46 5.24 5.06 4.89 4.75 4.62 4.51 4.40 4.31 4.23 4.15
6.2 117.65 7.97 7.69 7.39 7.16 6.91 6.71 6.50 6.16 5.87 5.62 5.40 5.21 5.04 4.89 4.76 4.64 4.53 4.43 4.35 4.27
6.3 119.55 8.19 7.91 7.60 7.36 7.10 6.90 6.69 6.34 6.04 5.78 5.55 5.36 5.19 5.03 4.90 4.78 4.66 4.56 4.48 4.40
6.4 121.45 8.42 8.13 7.81 7.57 7.30 7.10 6.88 6.52 6.21 5.94 5.71 5.51 5.33 5.18 5.04 4.91 4.80 4.69 4.61 4.52
6.5 123.34 8.65 8.35 8.02 7.77 7.50 7.29 7.07 6.70 6.38 6.11 5.87 5.66 5.48 5.32 5.18 5.05 4.93 4.83 4.74 4.65
6.6 125.24 8.88 8.58 8.24 7.99 7.71 7.49 7.26 6.88 6.55 6.27 6.03 5.82 5.63 5.47 5.32 5.19 5.07 4.96 4.87 4.78
6.7 127.14 9.12 8.80 8.46 8.20 7.91 7.69 7.45 7.06 6.73 6.44 6.20 5.98 5.79 5.62 5.47 5.33 5.21 5.10 5.00 4.91
6.8 129.04 9.36 9.03 8.68 8.41 8.12 7.90 7.65 7.25 6.91 6.62 6.36 6.14 5.94 5.77 5.61 5.48 5.35 5.23 5.14 5.05
6.9 130.93 9.60 9.27 8.91 8.63 8.33 8.10 7.85 7.44 7.09 6.79 6.53 6.30 6.10 5.92 5.76 5.62 5.49 5.37 5.28 5.18
7.0 132.83 9.84 9.50 9.13 8.85 8.54 8.31 8.05 7.63 7.27 6.97 6.70 6.46 6.26 6.08 5.91 5.77 5.64 5.52 5.42 5.32
7.1 134.73 10.08 9.74 9.36 9.07 8.76 8.52 8.25 7.83 7.46 7.14 6.87 6.63 6.42 6.23 6.07 5.92 5.78 5.66 5.56 5.45
7.2 136.63 10.33 9.98 9.59 9.30 8.98 8.73 8.46 8.02 7.65 7.32 7.04 6.80 6.58 6.39 6.22 6.07 5.93 5.80 5.70 5.59
7.3 138.52 10.58 10.22 9.83 9.53 9.20 8.94 8.67 8.22 7.84 7.51 7.22 6.97 6.75 6.55 6.38 6.22 6.08 5.95 5.84 5.73
7.4 140.42 10.84 10.47 10.06 9.76 9.42 9.16 8.88 8.42 8.03 7.69 7.40 7.14 6.91 6.71 6.53 6.38 6.23 6.10 5.99 5.88

7.5 142.32 11.09 10.72 10.30 9.99 9.65 9.38 9.09 8.62 8.22 7.87 7.58 7.31 7.08 6.87 6.69 6.53 6.38 6.24 6.13 6.02
—
7.6 144.22 11.35 10.97 10.54 10.22 9.87 9.60 9.31 8.83 8.42 8.06 7.76 7.49 7.25 7.04 6.85 6.69 6.54 6.40 6.28 6.17
7.7 146.11 11.61 11.22 10.79 10.46 10.10 9.82 9.52 9.03 8.61 8.25 7.94 7.66 7.42 7.21 7.02 6.85 6.69 6.55 6.43 6.31
7.8 148.01 11.88 11.48 11.03 10.70 10.33 10.05 9.74 9.24 8.81 8.44 8.12 7.84 7.60 7.37 7.18 7.01 6.85 6.70 6.58 6.46
7.9 149.91 12.14 11.73 11.28 10.94 10.57 10.28 9.96 9.45 9.01 8.64 8.31 8.02 7.77 7.55 7.35 7.17 7.01 6.86 6.73 6.61
8.0 151.81 12.41 11.99 11.53 11.19 10.80 10.51 10.19 9.67 9.22 8.83 8.50 8.21 7.95 7.72 7.51 7.34 7.17 7.02 6.89 6.77
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1.5 36.88 0.35 0.33 0.32 0.31 0.30 0.30 0.29 0.29 0.28 0.27 0.27 0.26 0.26 0.25 0.25 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.23 0.23
1.6 39.34 0.39 0.37 0.35 0.35 0.34 0.34 0.33 0.32 0.31 0.31 0.30 0.29 0.29 0.28 0.28 0.27 0.27 0.27 0.26 0.26
Appendix G
1.7 41.80 0.43 0.41 0.39 0.39 0.38 0.37 0.37 0.36 0.35 0.34 0.33 0.33 0.32 0.31 0.31 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.29 0.29
1.8 44.26 0.48 0.46 0.44 0.43 0.42 0.41 0.41 0.40 0.39 0.38 0.37 0.36 0.35 0.35 0.34 0.34 0.33 0.33 0.32 0.32
1.9 46.72 0.53 0.50 0.48 0.47 0.46 0.46 0.45 0.44 0.43 0.42 0.41 0.40 0.39 0.38 0.38 0.37 0.37 0.36 0.36 0.35
2.0 49.17 0.58 0.55 0.52 0.52 0.51 0.50 0.49 0.48 0.47 0.45 0.45 0.44 0.43 0.42 0.41 0.41 0.40 0.40 0.39 0.39

2.1 51.63 0.63 0.60 0.57 0.56 0.55 0.54 0.54 0.52 0.51 0.50 0.49 0.48 0.47 0.46 0.45 0.45 0.44 0.43 0.43 0.42
—
2.2 54.09 0.68 0.65 0.62 0.61 0.60 0.59 0.58 0.57 0.55 0.54 0.53 0.52 0.51 0.50 0.49 0.48 0.48 0.47 0.47 0.46
2.3 56.55 0.74 0.71 0.67 0.66 0.65 0.64 0.63 0.61 0.60 0.58 0.57 0.56 0.55 0.54 0.53 0.52 0.52 0.51 0.50 0.50
2.4 59.01 0.79 0.76 0.73 0.71 0.70 0.69 0.68 0.66 0.65 0.63 0.62 0.61 0.59 0.58 0.57 0.57 0.56 0.55 0.54 0.54
2.5 61.47 0.85 0.82 0.78 0.77 0.75 0.74 0.73 0.71 0.69 0.68 0.66 0.65 0.64 0.63 0.62 0.61 0.60 0.59 0.59 0.58
2.6 63.93 0.92 0.88 0.84 0.82 0.81 0.80 0.78 0.76 0.74 0.73 0.71 0.70 0.69 0.67 0.66 0.65 0.65 0.64 0.63 0.62
2.7 66.38 0.98 0.94 0.89 0.88 0.86 0.85 0.84 0.82 0.80 0.78 0.76 0.75 0.73 0.72 0.71 0.70 0.69 0.68 0.67 0.67
2.8 68.84 1.04 1.00 0.95 0.94 0.92 0.91 0.90 0.87 0.85 0.83 0.81 0.80 0.78 0.77 0.76 0.75 0.74 0.73 0.72 0.71
2.9 71.30 1.11 1.07 1.02 1.00 0.98 0.97 0.95 0.93 0.91 0.88 0.87 0.85 0.83 0.82 0.81 0.80 0.79 0.78 0.77 0.76
3.0 73.76 1.18 1.13 1.08 1.06 1.04 1.03 1.01 0.99 0.96 0.94 0.92 0.90 0.89 0.87 0.86 0.85 0.84 0.82 0.82 0.81
3.1 76.22 1.25 1.20 1.14 1.12 1.11 1.09 1.07 1.05 1.02 1.00 0.98 0.96 0.94 0.93 0.91 0.90 0.89 0.88 0.86 0.86

3.2 78.68 1.32 1.27 1.21 1.19 1.17 1.15 1.14 1.11 1.08 1.06 1.03 1.01 1.00 0.98 0.97 0.95 0.94 0.93 0.92 0.91
3.3 81.14 1.40 1.34 1.28 1.26 1.24 1.22 1.20 1.17 1.14 1.12 1.09 1.07 1.05 1.04 1.02 1.01 0.99 0.98 0.97 0.96
3.4 83.60 1.47 1.41 1.35 1.33 1.30 1.29 1.27 1.23 1.20 1.18 1.15 1.13 1.11 1.09 1.08 1.06 1.05 1.03 1.02 1.01
3.5 86.05 1.55 1.49 1.42 1.40 1.37 1.35 1.33 1.30 1.27 1.24 1.22 1.19 1.17 1.15 1.14 1.12 1.10 1.09 1.08 1.07
3.6 88.51 1.63 1.57 1.49 1.47 1.44 1.42 1.40 1.37 1.33 1.30 1.28 1.25 1.23 1.21 1.19 1.18 1.16 1.15 1.13 1.12
3.7 90.97 1.71 1.64 1.57 1.54 1.52 1.50 1.47 1.44 1.40 1.37 1.34 1.32 1.30 1.27 1.26 1.24 1.22 1.21 1.19 1.18
3.8 93.43 1.79 1.72 1.64 1.62 1.59 1.57 1.55 1.51 1.47 1.44 1.41 1.38 1.36 1.34 1.32 1.30 1.28 1.27 1.25 1.24
3.9 95.89 1.88 1.80 1.72 1.69 1.67 1.64 1.62 1.58 1.54 1.51 1.48 1.45 1.42 1.40 1.38 1.36 1.34 1.33 1.31 1.30
4.0 98.35 1.96 1.89 1.80 1.77 1.74 1.72 1.69 1.65 1.61 1.58 1.55 1.52 1.49 1.47 1.45 1.42 1.41 1.39 1.37 1.36
4.1 100.81 2.05 1.97 1.88 1.85 1.82 1.80 1.77 1.73 1.69 1.65 1.62 1.59 1.56 1.53 1.51 1.49 1.47 1.45 1.44 1.42
4.2 103.27 2.14 2.06 1.97 1.94 1.90 1.88 1.85 1.80 1.76 1.72 1.69 1.66 1.63 1.60 1.58 1.56 1.54 1.52 1.50 1.48
4.3 105.72 2.23 2.15 2.05 2.02 1.99 1.96 1.93 1.88 1.84 1.80 1.76 1.73 1.70 1.67 1.65 1.62 1.60 1.58 1.57 1.55
4.4 108.18 2.33 2.24 2.14 2.10 2.07 2.04 2.01 1.96 1.91 1.87 1.84 1.80 1.77 1.74 1.72 1.69 1.67 1.65 1.63 1.61
4.5 110.64 2.42 2.33 2.22 2.19 2.15 2.12 2.09 2.04 1.99 1.95 1.91 1.88 1.84 1.82 1.79 1.76 1.74 1.72 1.70 1.68
4.6 113.10 2.52 2.42 2.31 2.28 2.24 2.21 2.18 2.12 2.07 2.03 1.99 1.95 1.92 1.89 1.86 1.84 1.81 1.79 1.77 1.75
4.7 115.56 2.62 2.52 2.40 2.37 2.33 2.30 2.26 2.21 2.15 2.11 2.07 2.03 2.00 1.96 1.94 1.91 1.88 1.86 1.84 1.82
325
326
4.8 118.02 2.72 2.61 2.50 2.46 2.42 2.39 2.35 2.29 2.24 2.19 2.15 2.11 2.07 2.04 2.01 1.98 1.96 1.93 1.91 1.89
4.9 120.48 2.82 2.71 2.59 2.55 2.51 2.48 2.44 2.38 2.32 2.27 2.23 2.19 2.15 2.12 2.09 2.06 2.03 2.01 1.98 1.96
Appendix G
5.0 122.94 2.92 2.81 2.69 2.64 2.60 2.57 2.53 2.47 2.41 2.36 2.31 2.27 2.23 2.20 2.16 2.14 2.11 2.08 2.06 2.04
5.1 125.39 3.03 2.91 2.78 2.74 2.70 2.66 2.62 2.56 2.50 2.44 2.40 2.35 2.31 2.28 2.24 2.21 2.18 2.16 2.13 2.11
5.2 127.85 3.13 3.02 2.88 2.84 2.79 2.75 2.71 2.65 2.59 2.53 2.48 2.44 2.40 2.36 2.32 2.29 2.26 2.24 2.21 2.19
5.3 130.31 3.24 3.12 2.98 2.94 2.89 2.85 2.81 2.74 2.68 2.62 2.57 2.52 2.48 2.44 2.41 2.37 2.34 2.32 2.29 2.26
5.4 132.77 3.35 3.23 3.08 3.04 2.99 2.95 2.91 2.83 2.77 2.71 2.66 2.61 2.57 2.53 2.49 2.46 2.42 2.40 2.37 2.34
5.5 135.23 3.46 3.33 3.19 3.14 3.09 3.05 3.00 2.93 2.86 2.80 2.75 2.70 2.65 2.61 2.57 2.54 2.51 2.48 2.45 2.42
5.6 137.69 3.58 3.44 3.29 3.24 3.19 3.15 3.10 3.02 2.96 2.89 2.84 2.79 2.74 2.70 2.66 2.62 2.59 2.56 2.53 2.50
5.7 140.15 3.69 3.55 3.40 3.35 3.29 3.25 3.20 3.12 3.05 2.99 2.93 2.88 2.83 2.79 2.75 2.71 2.67 2.64 2.61 2.59
5.8 142.60 3.81 3.67 3.50 3.45 3.40 3.35 3.30 3.22 3.15 3.08 3.02 2.97 2.92 2.88 2.83 2.80 2.76 2.73 2.70 2.67
5.9 145.06 3.93 3.78 3.61 3.56 3.50 3.46 3.41 3.32 3.25 3.18 3.12 3.06 3.01 2.97 2.92 2.88 2.85 2.81 2.78 2.75
6.0 147.52 4.05 3.90 3.72 3.67 3.61 3.56 3.51 3.42 3.35 3.28 3.21 3.16 3.11 3.06 3.01 2.97 2.94 2.90 2.87 2.84
6.1 149.98 4.17 4.01 3.84 3.78 3.72 3.67 3.62 3.53 3.45 3.38 3.31 3.25 3.20 3.15 3.11 3.06 3.03 2.99 2.96 2.93
6.2 152.44 4.29 4.13 3.95 3.89 3.83 3.78 3.73 3.63 3.55 3.48 3.41 3.35 3.30 3.25 3.20 3.16 3.12 3.08 3.05 3.01
6.3 154.90 4.42 4.25 4.06 4.00 3.94 3.89 3.83 3.74 3.66 3.58 3.51 3.45 3.39 3.34 3.29 3.25 3.21 3.17 3.14 3.10
6.4 157.36 4.54 4.37 4.18 4.12 4.06 4.00 3.95 3.85 3.76 3.68 3.61 3.55 3.49 3.44 3.39 3.34 3.30 3.26 3.23 3.19
6.5 159.82 4.67 4.50 4.30 4.24 4.17 4.11 4.06 3.96 3.87 3.79 3.72 3.65 3.59 3.54 3.49 3.44 3.40 3.36 3.32 3.29
6.6 162.27 4.80 4.62 4.42 4.35 4.29 4.23 4.17 4.07 3.98 3.89 3.82 3.75 3.69 3.64 3.58 3.54 3.49 3.45 3.41 3.38
6.7 164.73 4.93 4.75 4.54 4.47 4.40 4.35 4.28 4.18 4.09 4.00 3.93 3.86 3.79 3.74 3.68 3.64 3.59 3.55 3.51 3.47
6.8 167.19 5.06 4.88 4.66 4.59 4.52 4.46 4.40 4.29 4.20 4.11 4.03 3.96 3.90 3.84 3.78 3.73 3.69 3.65 3.61 3.57
6.9 169.65 5.20 5.01 4.79 4.72 4.64 4.58 4.52 4.41 4.31 4.22 4.14 4.07 4.00 3.94 3.89 3.84 3.79 3.74 3.70 3.66
7.0 172.11 5.33 5.14 4.91 4.84 4.77 4.70 4.64 4.52 4.42 4.33 4.25 4.18 4.11 4.05 3.99 3.94 3.89 3.84 3.80 3.76
7.1 174.57 5.47 5.27 5.04 4.97 4.89 4.82 4.76 4.64 4.54 4.44 4.36 4.29 4.22 4.15 4.09 4.04 3.99 3.94 3.90 3.86
7.2 177.03 5.61 5.40 5.17 5.09 5.01 4.95 4.88 4.76 4.65 4.56 4.47 4.40 4.32 4.26 4.20 4.14 4.09 4.05 4.00 3.96
7.3 179.49 5.75 5.54 5.30 5.22 5.14 5.07 5.00 4.88 4.77 4.67 4.59 4.51 4.43 4.37 4.31 4.25 4.20 4.15 4.10 4.06
7.4 181.94 5.89 5.67 5.43 5.35 5.27 5.20 5.13 5.00 4.89 4.79 4.70 4.62 4.55 4.48 4.41 4.36 4.30 4.25 4.21 4.16

7.5 184.40 6.03 5.81 5.56 5.48 5.40 5.33 5.25 5.12 5.01 4.91 4.82 4.73 4.66 4.59 4.52 4.46 4.41 4.36 4.31 4.27
—
7.6 186.86 6.18 5.95 5.70 5.61 5.53 5.45 5.38 5.25 5.13 5.03 4.93 4.85 4.77 4.70 4.63 4.57 4.52 4.47 4.42 4.37
7.7 189.32 6.32 6.09 5.83 5.75 5.66 5.59 5.51 5.37 5.26 5.15 5.05 4.97 4.89 4.81 4.75 4.68 4.63 4.57 4.52 4.48
7.8 191.78 6.47 6.24 5.97 5.88 5.79 5.72 5.64 5.50 5.38 5.27 5.17 5.08 5.00 4.93 4.86 4.80 4.74 4.68 4.63 4.58
7.9 194.24 6.62 6.38 6.11 6.02 5.93 5.85 5.77 5.63 5.51 5.39 5.29 5.20 5.12 5.04 4.97 4.91 4.85 4.79 4.74 4.69
8.0 196.70 6.77 6.53 6.25 6.16 6.06 5.98 5.90 5.76 5.63 5.52 5.42 5.32 5.24 5.16 5.09 5.02 4.96 4.90 4.85 4.80
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1.5 36.88 0.46 0.44 0.43 0.42 0.40 0.39 0.38 0.36 0.35 0.34 0.32 0.31 0.30 0.30 0.29 0.28 0.28 0.27 0.27 0.26
1.6 39.34 0.51 0.50 0.48 0.47 0.45 0.44 0.43 0.41 0.39 0.38 0.36 0.35 0.34 0.33 0.33 0.32 0.31 0.31 0.30 0.30
Appendix G
1.7 41.80 0.57 0.55 0.53 0.52 0.50 0.49 0.48 0.45 0.44 0.42 0.40 0.39 0.38 0.37 0.36 0.35 0.35 0.34 0.33 0.33
1.8 44.26 0.63 0.61 0.59 0.57 0.55 0.54 0.53 0.50 0.48 0.46 0.45 0.43 0.42 0.41 0.40 0.39 0.38 0.38 0.37 0.36
1.9 46.72 0.69 0.67 0.64 0.63 0.61 0.59 0.58 0.55 0.53 0.51 0.49 0.48 0.46 0.45 0.44 0.43 0.42 0.41 0.41 0.40
2.0 49.17 0.75 0.73 0.70 0.69 0.67 0.65 0.63 0.60 0.58 0.56 0.54 0.52 0.51 0.49 0.48 0.47 0.46 0.45 0.45 0.44

2.1 51.63 0.82 0.79 0.77 0.75 0.73 0.71 0.69 0.66 0.63 0.61 0.59 0.57 0.55 0.54 0.53 0.52 0.50 0.50 0.49 0.48
—
2.2 54.09 0.89 0.86 0.83 0.81 0.79 0.77 0.75 0.71 0.68 0.66 0.64 0.62 0.60 0.59 0.57 0.56 0.55 0.54 0.53 0.52
2.3 56.55 0.96 0.93 0.90 0.88 0.85 0.83 0.81 0.77 0.74 0.71 0.69 0.67 0.65 0.63 0.62 0.61 0.59 0.58 0.57 0.57
2.4 59.01 1.03 1.00 0.97 0.94 0.92 0.89 0.87 0.83 0.80 0.77 0.74 0.72 0.70 0.68 0.67 0.65 0.64 0.63 0.62 0.61
2.5 61.47 1.11 1.07 1.04 1.01 0.98 0.96 0.94 0.89 0.86 0.83 0.80 0.78 0.75 0.74 0.72 0.70 0.69 0.68 0.67 0.66
2.6 63.93 1.18 1.15 1.11 1.08 1.05 1.03 1.00 0.96 0.92 0.89 0.86 0.83 0.81 0.79 0.77 0.75 0.74 0.73 0.71 0.70
2.7 66.38 1.26 1.23 1.19 1.16 1.13 1.10 1.07 1.02 0.98 0.95 0.92 0.89 0.87 0.84 0.83 0.81 0.79 0.78 0.76 0.75
2.8 68.84 1.35 1.31 1.27 1.24 1.20 1.17 1.14 1.09 1.05 1.01 0.98 0.95 0.92 0.90 0.88 0.86 0.84 0.83 0.82 0.81
2.9 71.30 1.43 1.39 1.35 1.31 1.28 1.25 1.21 1.16 1.12 1.08 1.04 1.01 0.98 0.96 0.94 0.92 0.90 0.88 0.87 0.86
3.0 73.76 1.52 1.48 1.43 1.39 1.35 1.32 1.29 1.23 1.18 1.14 1.11 1.07 1.04 1.02 1.00 0.98 0.96 0.94 0.92 0.91
3.1 76.22 1.61 1.56 1.51 1.48 1.44 1.40 1.37 1.31 1.26 1.21 1.17 1.14 1.11 1.08 1.06 1.03 1.01 1.00 0.98 0.97

3.2 78.68 1.70 1.65 1.60 1.56 1.52 1.48 1.44 1.38 1.33 1.28 1.24 1.20 1.17 1.14 1.12 1.09 1.07 1.05 1.04 1.02
3.3 81.14 1.79 1.74 1.69 1.65 1.60 1.56 1.52 1.46 1.40 1.35 1.31 1.27 1.24 1.21 1.18 1.16 1.13 1.11 1.10 1.08
3.4 83.60 1.89 1.84 1.78 1.74 1.69 1.65 1.61 1.54 1.48 1.43 1.38 1.34 1.31 1.27 1.25 1.22 1.20 1.18 1.16 1.14
3.5 86.05 1.99 1.93 1.87 1.83 1.78 1.74 1.69 1.62 1.56 1.50 1.45 1.41 1.38 1.34 1.31 1.29 1.26 1.24 1.22 1.20
3.6 88.51 2.09 2.03 1.97 1.92 1.87 1.82 1.78 1.70 1.64 1.58 1.53 1.49 1.45 1.41 1.38 1.35 1.33 1.30 1.28 1.27
3.7 90.97 2.19 2.13 2.07 2.01 1.96 1.91 1.87 1.79 1.72 1.66 1.61 1.56 1.52 1.48 1.45 1.42 1.39 1.37 1.35 1.33
3.8 93.43 2.30 2.23 2.16 2.11 2.05 2.01 1.96 1.87 1.80 1.74 1.68 1.64 1.59 1.55 1.52 1.49 1.46 1.44 1.41 1.39
3.9 95.89 2.40 2.34 2.27 2.21 2.15 2.10 2.05 1.96 1.89 1.82 1.76 1.71 1.67 1.63 1.59 1.56 1.53 1.51 1.48 1.46
4.0 98.35 2.51 2.44 2.37 2.31 2.25 2.20 2.14 2.05 1.97 1.91 1.84 1.79 1.75 1.70 1.67 1.63 1.60 1.58 1.55 1.53
4.1 100.81 2.62 2.55 2.47 2.41 2.35 2.29 2.24 2.14 2.06 1.99 1.93 1.87 1.82 1.78 1.74 1.71 1.68 1.65 1.62 1.60
4.2 103.27 2.74 2.66 2.58 2.52 2.45 2.39 2.34 2.24 2.15 2.08 2.01 1.96 1.91 1.86 1.82 1.78 1.75 1.72 1.69 1.67
4.3 105.72 2.85 2.77 2.69 2.62 2.55 2.50 2.43 2.33 2.24 2.17 2.10 2.04 1.99 1.94 1.90 1.86 1.82 1.79 1.77 1.74
4.4 108.18 2.97 2.89 2.80 2.73 2.66 2.60 2.54 2.43 2.34 2.26 2.19 2.13 2.07 2.02 1.98 1.94 1.90 1.87 1.84 1.82
4.5 110.64 3.09 3.00 2.91 2.84 2.77 2.71 2.64 2.53 2.43 2.35 2.28 2.21 2.16 2.10 2.06 2.02 1.98 1.95 1.92 1.89
4.6 113.10 3.21 3.12 3.03 2.96 2.88 2.81 2.74 2.63 2.53 2.44 2.37 2.30 2.24 2.19 2.14 2.10 2.06 2.03 1.99 1.97
4.7 115.56 3.33 3.24 3.15 3.07 2.99 2.92 2.85 2.73 2.63 2.54 2.46 2.39 2.33 2.27 2.23 2.18 2.14 2.11 2.07 2.05
327
328
4.8 118.02 3.46 3.37 3.27 3.19 3.10 3.03 2.96 2.84 2.73 2.64 2.56 2.48 2.42 2.36 2.31 2.27 2.22 2.19 2.15 2.13
4.9 120.48 3.59 3.49 3.39 3.30 3.22 3.15 3.07 2.94 2.83 2.74 2.65 2.58 2.51 2.45 2.40 2.35 2.31 2.27 2.23 2.21
Appendix G
5.0 122.94 3.72 3.62 3.51 3.42 3.33 3.26 3.18 3.05 2.94 2.84 2.75 2.67 2.60 2.54 2.49 2.44 2.39 2.36 2.32 2.29
5.1 125.39 3.85 3.74 3.63 3.55 3.45 3.38 3.29 3.16 3.04 2.94 2.85 2.77 2.70 2.63 2.58 2.53 2.48 2.44 2.40 2.37
5.2 127.85 3.98 3.88 3.76 3.67 3.57 3.50 3.41 3.27 3.15 3.04 2.95 2.87 2.79 2.73 2.67 2.62 2.57 2.53 2.49 2.46
5.3 130.31 4.12 4.01 3.89 3.80 3.70 3.62 3.53 3.38 3.26 3.15 3.05 2.97 2.89 2.82 2.77 2.71 2.66 2.62 2.57 2.54
5.4 132.77 4.25 4.14 4.02 3.92 3.82 3.74 3.65 3.50 3.37 3.26 3.15 3.07 2.99 2.92 2.86 2.80 2.75 2.71 2.66 2.63
5.5 135.23 4.39 4.28 4.15 4.05 3.95 3.86 3.77 3.61 3.48 3.36 3.26 3.17 3.09 3.02 2.96 2.90 2.84 2.80 2.75 2.72
5.6 137.69 4.54 4.42 4.29 4.18 4.08 3.99 3.89 3.73 3.59 3.47 3.37 3.28 3.19 3.12 3.05 2.99 2.94 2.89 2.84 2.81
5.7 140.15 4.68 4.56 4.42 4.32 4.21 4.11 4.01 3.85 3.71 3.59 3.48 3.38 3.30 3.22 3.15 3.09 3.03 2.99 2.94 2.90
5.8 142.60 4.82 4.70 4.56 4.45 4.34 4.24 4.14 3.97 3.83 3.70 3.59 3.49 3.40 3.32 3.25 3.19 3.13 3.08 3.03 2.99
5.9 145.06 4.97 4.84 4.70 4.59 4.47 4.37 4.27 4.10 3.95 3.81 3.70 3.60 3.51 3.42 3.36 3.29 3.23 3.18 3.13 3.09
6.0 147.52 5.12 4.99 4.84 4.73 4.61 4.51 4.40 4.22 4.07 3.93 3.81 3.71 3.61 3.53 3.46 3.39 3.33 3.28 3.22 3.18
6.1 149.98 5.27 5.14 4.99 4.87 4.74 4.64 4.53 4.35 4.19 4.05 3.93 3.82 3.72 3.64 3.56 3.49 3.43 3.37 3.32 3.28
6.2 152.44 5.43 5.28 5.13 5.01 4.88 4.78 4.66 4.47 4.31 4.17 4.04 3.93 3.83 3.74 3.67 3.60 3.53 3.48 3.42 3.38
6.3 154.90 5.58 5.44 5.28 5.16 5.02 4.91 4.80 4.60 4.44 4.29 4.16 4.05 3.95 3.85 3.78 3.70 3.63 3.58 3.52 3.48
6.4 157.36 5.74 5.59 5.43 5.30 5.16 5.05 4.93 4.74 4.56 4.41 4.28 4.16 4.06 3.96 3.89 3.81 3.74 3.68 3.62 3.58
6.5 159.82 5.90 5.74 5.58 5.45 5.31 5.19 5.07 4.87 4.69 4.54 4.40 4.28 4.17 4.08 4.00 3.92 3.85 3.79 3.73 3.68
6.6 162.27 6.06 5.90 5.73 5.60 5.45 5.34 5.21 5.00 4.82 4.66 4.52 4.40 4.29 4.19 4.11 4.03 3.95 3.89 3.83 3.78
6.7 164.73 6.22 6.06 5.89 5.75 5.60 5.48 5.35 5.14 4.95 4.79 4.64 4.52 4.41 4.30 4.22 4.14 4.06 4.00 3.94 3.89
6.8 167.19 6.39 6.22 6.04 5.90 5.75 5.63 5.50 5.28 5.09 4.92 4.77 4.64 4.53 4.42 4.34 4.25 4.17 4.11 4.04 3.99
6.9 169.65 6.55 6.38 6.20 6.06 5.90 5.78 5.64 5.42 5.22 5.05 4.90 4.77 4.65 4.54 4.45 4.37 4.29 4.22 4.15 4.10
7.0 172.11 6.72 6.55 6.36 6.21 6.06 5.93 5.79 5.56 5.36 5.18 5.03 4.89 4.77 4.66 4.57 4.48 4.40 4.33 4.26 4.21
7.1 174.57 6.89 6.72 6.52 6.37 6.21 6.08 5.93 5.70 5.49 5.31 5.15 5.02 4.89 4.78 4.69 4.60 4.51 4.44 4.37 4.32
7.2 177.03 7.07 6.88 6.69 6.53 6.37 6.23 6.08 5.84 5.63 5.45 5.29 5.15 5.02 4.90 4.81 4.71 4.63 4.56 4.48 4.43
7.3 179.49 7.24 7.05 6.85 6.70 6.52 6.39 6.24 5.99 5.77 5.59 5.42 5.27 5.14 5.03 4.93 4.83 4.75 4.67 4.60 4.54
7.4 181.94 7.42 7.23 7.02 6.86 6.68 6.54 6.39 6.14 5.92 5.72 5.55 5.41 5.27 5.15 5.05 4.95 4.86 4.79 4.71 4.66

7.5 184.40 7.59 7.40 7.19 7.02 6.85 6.70 6.54 6.29 6.06 5.86 5.69 5.54 5.40 5.28 5.18 5.08 4.98 4.91 4.83 4.77
—
7.6 186.86 7.77 7.58 7.36 7.19 7.01 6.86 6.70 6.44 6.21 6.00 5.83 5.67 5.53 5.40 5.30 5.20 5.10 5.02 4.95 4.89
7.7 189.32 7.96 7.75 7.53 7.36 7.17 7.02 6.86 6.59 6.35 6.15 5.96 5.81 5.66 5.53 5.43 5.32 5.23 5.15 5.06 5.01
7.8 191.78 8.14 7.93 7.71 7.53 7.34 7.19 7.02 6.74 6.50 6.29 6.10 5.94 5.80 5.66 5.56 5.45 5.35 5.27 5.19 5.12
7.9 194.24 8.32 8.11 7.88 7.70 7.51 7.35 7.18 6.90 6.65 6.44 6.25 6.08 5.93 5.80 5.69 5.58 5.48 5.39 5.31 5.24
8.0 196.70 8.51 8.30 8.06 7.88 7.68 7.52 7.34 7.06 6.80 6.58 6.39 6.22 6.07 5.93 5.82 5.70 5.60 5.51 5.43 5.37
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1.5 36.88 0.53 0.51 0.49 0.47 0.45 0.44 0.42 0.40 0.38 0.36 0.35 0.34 0.32 0.31 0.31 0.30 0.29 0.29 0.28 0.28
1.6 39.34 0.59 0.57 0.54 0.52 0.51 0.49 0.47 0.45 0.43 0.41 0.39 0.38 0.36 0.35 0.34 0.34 0.33 0.32 0.31 0.31
Appendix G
1.7 41.80 0.65 0.63 0.60 0.58 0.56 0.54 0.53 0.50 0.47 0.45 0.43 0.42 0.40 0.39 0.38 0.37 0.36 0.36 0.35 0.34
1.8 44.26 0.72 0.69 0.66 0.64 0.62 0.60 0.58 0.55 0.52 0.50 0.48 0.46 0.45 0.43 0.42 0.41 0.40 0.40 0.39 0.38
1.9 46.72 0.79 0.76 0.73 0.71 0.68 0.66 0.64 0.60 0.57 0.55 0.53 0.51 0.49 0.48 0.47 0.45 0.44 0.44 0.43 0.42
2.0 49.17 0.86 0.83 0.80 0.77 0.74 0.72 0.70 0.66 0.63 0.60 0.58 0.56 0.54 0.52 0.51 0.50 0.49 0.48 0.47 0.46

2.1 51.63 0.94 0.90 0.87 0.84 0.81 0.79 0.76 0.72 0.69 0.66 0.63 0.61 0.59 0.57 0.56 0.54 0.53 0.52 0.51 0.50
—
2.2 54.09 1.02 0.98 0.94 0.91 0.88 0.85 0.82 0.78 0.74 0.71 0.68 0.66 0.64 0.62 0.60 0.59 0.58 0.57 0.55 0.55
2.3 56.55 1.10 1.06 1.01 0.98 0.95 0.92 0.89 0.84 0.80 0.77 0.74 0.71 0.69 0.67 0.65 0.64 0.62 0.61 0.60 0.59
2.4 59.01 1.18 1.14 1.09 1.06 1.02 0.99 0.96 0.91 0.87 0.83 0.80 0.77 0.75 0.72 0.70 0.69 0.67 0.66 0.65 0.64
2.5 61.47 1.27 1.22 1.17 1.14 1.10 1.06 1.03 0.98 0.93 0.89 0.86 0.83 0.80 0.78 0.76 0.74 0.72 0.71 0.70 0.69
2.6 63.93 1.36 1.31 1.25 1.22 1.17 1.14 1.10 1.05 1.00 0.96 0.92 0.89 0.86 0.83 0.81 0.79 0.78 0.76 0.75 0.73
2.7 66.38 1.45 1.40 1.34 1.30 1.25 1.22 1.18 1.12 1.07 1.02 0.98 0.95 0.92 0.89 0.87 0.85 0.83 0.82 0.80 0.79
2.8 68.84 1.54 1.49 1.43 1.38 1.33 1.30 1.26 1.19 1.14 1.09 1.05 1.01 0.98 0.95 0.93 0.91 0.89 0.87 0.85 0.84
2.9 71.30 1.64 1.58 1.52 1.47 1.42 1.38 1.34 1.27 1.21 1.16 1.11 1.08 1.04 1.01 0.99 0.97 0.94 0.93 0.91 0.89
3.0 73.76 1.74 1.67 1.61 1.56 1.50 1.46 1.42 1.34 1.28 1.23 1.18 1.14 1.11 1.08 1.05 1.03 1.00 0.98 0.96 0.95
3.1 76.22 1.84 1.77 1.70 1.65 1.59 1.55 1.50 1.42 1.36 1.30 1.25 1.21 1.17 1.14 1.11 1.09 1.06 1.04 1.02 1.01

3.2 78.68 1.94 1.87 1.80 1.74 1.68 1.64 1.59 1.51 1.44 1.38 1.33 1.28 1.24 1.21 1.18 1.15 1.12 1.10 1.08 1.07
3.3 81.14 2.05 1.98 1.90 1.84 1.78 1.73 1.68 1.59 1.52 1.46 1.40 1.35 1.31 1.27 1.24 1.22 1.19 1.17 1.14 1.13
3.4 83.60 2.15 2.08 2.00 1.94 1.87 1.82 1.77 1.68 1.60 1.53 1.48 1.43 1.38 1.34 1.31 1.28 1.25 1.23 1.21 1.19
3.5 86.05 2.27 2.19 2.10 2.04 1.97 1.92 1.86 1.76 1.68 1.61 1.56 1.50 1.46 1.42 1.38 1.35 1.32 1.30 1.27 1.25
3.6 88.51 2.38 2.30 2.21 2.14 2.07 2.01 1.95 1.85 1.77 1.70 1.64 1.58 1.53 1.49 1.45 1.42 1.39 1.36 1.34 1.32
3.7 90.97 2.49 2.41 2.32 2.25 2.17 2.11 2.05 1.95 1.86 1.78 1.72 1.66 1.61 1.56 1.52 1.49 1.46 1.43 1.40 1.38
3.8 93.43 2.61 2.52 2.43 2.35 2.27 2.21 2.15 2.04 1.95 1.87 1.80 1.74 1.69 1.64 1.60 1.56 1.53 1.50 1.47 1.45
3.9 95.89 2.73 2.64 2.54 2.46 2.38 2.32 2.25 2.13 2.04 1.96 1.89 1.82 1.77 1.72 1.68 1.64 1.60 1.58 1.54 1.52
4.0 98.35 2.86 2.76 2.65 2.57 2.49 2.42 2.35 2.23 2.13 2.05 1.97 1.91 1.85 1.80 1.75 1.72 1.68 1.65 1.62 1.59
4.1 100.81 2.98 2.88 2.77 2.69 2.60 2.53 2.45 2.33 2.23 2.14 2.06 1.99 1.93 1.88 1.83 1.79 1.75 1.72 1.69 1.66
4.2 103.27 3.11 3.00 2.89 2.80 2.71 2.64 2.56 2.43 2.32 2.23 2.15 2.08 2.02 1.96 1.91 1.87 1.83 1.80 1.76 1.74
4.3 105.72 3.24 3.13 3.01 2.92 2.83 2.75 2.67 2.54 2.42 2.33 2.24 2.17 2.10 2.05 2.00 1.95 1.91 1.88 1.84 1.81
4.4 108.18 3.37 3.26 3.14 3.04 2.94 2.86 2.78 2.64 2.52 2.42 2.34 2.26 2.19 2.13 2.08 2.03 1.99 1.96 1.92 1.89
4.5 110.64 3.51 3.39 3.26 3.16 3.06 2.98 2.89 2.75 2.63 2.52 2.43 2.35 2.28 2.22 2.16 2.12 2.07 2.04 2.00 1.97
4.6 113.10 3.64 3.52 3.39 3.29 3.18 3.10 3.01 2.86 2.73 2.62 2.53 2.44 2.37 2.31 2.25 2.20 2.16 2.12 2.08 2.05
4.7 115.56 3.78 3.66 3.52 3.42 3.30 3.22 3.12 2.97 2.84 2.72 2.63 2.54 2.47 2.40 2.34 2.29 2.24 2.20 2.16 2.13
329
330
4.8 118.02 3.92 3.79 3.65 3.54 3.43 3.34 3.24 3.08 2.94 2.83 2.73 2.64 2.56 2.49 2.43 2.38 2.33 2.29 2.24 2.21
4.9 120.48 4.07 3.93 3.79 3.67 3.55 3.46 3.36 3.19 3.05 2.93 2.83 2.74 2.66 2.58 2.52 2.47 2.41 2.37 2.33 2.30
Appendix G
5.0 122.94 4.21 4.07 3.92 3.81 3.68 3.59 3.48 3.31 3.17 3.04 2.93 2.84 2.75 2.68 2.62 2.56 2.50 2.46 2.41 2.38
5.1 125.39 4.36 4.22 4.06 3.94 3.81 3.71 3.61 3.43 3.28 3.15 3.04 2.94 2.85 2.78 2.71 2.65 2.59 2.55 2.50 2.47
5.2 127.85 4.51 4.36 4.20 4.08 3.95 3.84 3.73 3.55 3.39 3.26 3.15 3.04 2.95 2.87 2.81 2.75 2.69 2.64 2.59 2.55
5.3 130.31 4.66 4.51 4.34 4.22 4.08 3.97 3.86 3.67 3.51 3.37 3.25 3.15 3.06 2.97 2.90 2.84 2.78 2.73 2.68 2.64
5.4 132.77 4.82 4.66 4.49 4.36 4.22 4.11 3.99 3.79 3.63 3.49 3.37 3.26 3.16 3.08 3.00 2.94 2.88 2.83 2.77 2.73
5.5 135.23 4.97 4.81 4.63 4.50 4.35 4.24 4.12 3.92 3.75 3.60 3.48 3.36 3.27 3.18 3.10 3.04 2.97 2.92 2.87 2.83
5.6 137.69 5.13 4.97 4.78 4.65 4.50 4.38 4.25 4.05 3.87 3.72 3.59 3.47 3.37 3.28 3.21 3.14 3.07 3.02 2.96 2.92
5.7 140.15 5.29 5.12 4.93 4.79 4.64 4.52 4.39 4.18 4.00 3.84 3.71 3.59 3.48 3.39 3.31 3.24 3.17 3.12 3.06 3.02
5.8 142.60 5.46 5.28 5.09 4.94 4.78 4.66 4.53 4.31 4.12 3.96 3.82 3.70 3.59 3.50 3.41 3.34 3.27 3.22 3.16 3.11
5.9 145.06 5.62 5.44 5.24 5.09 4.93 4.80 4.66 4.44 4.25 4.08 3.94 3.81 3.70 3.61 3.52 3.45 3.37 3.32 3.26 3.21
6.0 147.52 5.79 5.60 5.40 5.24 5.08 4.95 4.80 4.57 4.38 4.21 4.06 3.93 3.82 3.72 3.63 3.55 3.48 3.42 3.36 3.31
6.1 149.98 5.96 5.77 5.56 5.40 5.23 5.09 4.95 4.71 4.51 4.33 4.18 4.05 3.93 3.83 3.74 3.66 3.58 3.52 3.46 3.41
6.2 152.44 6.13 5.94 5.72 5.56 5.38 5.24 5.09 4.85 4.64 4.46 4.31 4.17 4.05 3.94 3.85 3.77 3.69 3.63 3.56 3.51
6.3 154.90 6.31 6.11 5.88 5.72 5.53 5.39 5.24 4.99 4.77 4.59 4.43 4.29 4.17 4.06 3.96 3.88 3.80 3.73 3.66 3.61
6.4 157.36 6.48 6.28 6.05 5.88 5.69 5.54 5.39 5.13 4.91 4.72 4.56 4.41 4.29 4.17 4.08 3.99 3.91 3.84 3.77 3.72
6.5 159.82 6.66 6.45 6.22 6.04 5.85 5.70 5.54 5.27 5.05 4.85 4.69 4.54 4.41 4.29 4.19 4.10 4.02 3.95 3.88 3.82
6.6 162.27 6.84 6.62 6.38 6.20 6.01 5.85 5.69 5.42 5.19 4.99 4.82 4.66 4.53 4.41 4.31 4.22 4.13 4.06 3.99 3.93
6.7 164.73 7.03 6.80 6.56 6.37 6.17 6.01 5.84 5.56 5.33 5.12 4.95 4.79 4.65 4.53 4.43 4.33 4.24 4.17 4.10 4.04
6.8 167.19 7.21 6.98 6.73 6.54 6.33 6.17 6.00 5.71 5.47 5.26 5.08 4.92 4.78 4.65 4.55 4.45 4.36 4.29 4.21 4.15
6.9 169.65 7.40 7.16 6.90 6.71 6.50 6.33 6.15 5.86 5.61 5.40 5.21 5.05 4.91 4.78 4.67 4.57 4.47 4.40 4.32 4.26
7.0 172.11 7.59 7.35 7.08 6.88 6.66 6.50 6.31 6.01 5.76 5.54 5.35 5.18 5.03 4.90 4.79 4.69 4.59 4.52 4.43 4.37
7.1 174.57 7.78 7.53 7.26 7.06 6.83 6.66 6.47 6.17 5.91 5.68 5.49 5.31 5.16 5.03 4.91 4.81 4.71 4.63 4.55 4.49
7.2 177.03 7.97 7.72 7.44 7.23 7.00 6.83 6.64 6.32 6.06 5.83 5.63 5.45 5.30 5.16 5.04 4.93 4.83 4.75 4.67 4.60
7.3 179.49 8.17 7.91 7.62 7.41 7.18 7.00 6.80 6.48 6.21 5.97 5.77 5.59 5.43 5.29 5.16 5.06 4.95 4.87 4.78 4.72
7.4 181.94 8.36 8.10 7.81 7.59 7.35 7.17 6.97 6.64 6.36 6.12 5.91 5.72 5.56 5.42 5.29 5.18 5.08 4.99 4.90 4.84

7.5 184.40 8.56 8.29 8.00 7.77 7.53 7.34 7.14 6.80 6.51 6.27 6.05 5.86 5.70 5.55 5.42 5.31 5.20 5.12 5.02 4.95
—
7.6 186.86 8.76 8.49 8.19 7.96 7.71 7.51 7.30 6.96 6.67 6.42 6.20 6.00 5.84 5.68 5.55 5.44 5.33 5.24 5.15 5.07
7.7 189.32 8.97 8.69 8.38 8.14 7.89 7.69 7.48 7.13 6.83 6.57 6.35 6.15 5.97 5.82 5.69 5.57 5.45 5.37 5.27 5.20
7.8 191.78 9.17 8.89 8.57 8.33 8.07 7.87 7.65 7.29 6.99 6.72 6.50 6.29 6.11 5.96 5.82 5.70 5.58 5.49 5.39 5.32
7.9 194.24 9.38 9.09 8.76 8.52 8.25 8.05 7.82 7.46 7.15 6.88 6.65 6.44 6.26 6.09 5.96 5.83 5.71 5.62 5.52 5.44
8.0 196.70 9.59 9.29 8.96 8.71 8.44 8.23 8.00 7.63 7.31 7.04 6.80 6.58 6.40 6.23 6.09 5.97 5.84 5.75 5.65 5.57
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1.5 36.88 0.59 0.57 0.54 0.52 0.50 0.49 0.47 0.44 0.42 0.39 0.38 0.36 0.35 0.34 0.33 0.32 0.31 0.30 0.29 0.29
1.6 39.34 0.66 0.63 0.61 0.58 0.56 0.54 0.52 0.49 0.46 0.44 0.42 0.41 0.39 0.38 0.37 0.36 0.35 0.34 0.33 0.32
Appendix G
1.7 41.80 0.73 0.70 0.67 0.65 0.62 0.60 0.58 0.55 0.52 0.49 0.47 0.45 0.43 0.42 0.41 0.40 0.39 0.38 0.37 0.36
1.8 44.26 0.81 0.78 0.74 0.71 0.69 0.66 0.64 0.60 0.57 0.54 0.52 0.50 0.48 0.46 0.45 0.44 0.43 0.42 0.41 0.40
1.9 46.72 0.89 0.85 0.81 0.78 0.75 0.73 0.70 0.66 0.63 0.60 0.57 0.55 0.53 0.51 0.50 0.48 0.47 0.46 0.45 0.44
2.0 49.17 0.97 0.93 0.89 0.86 0.82 0.80 0.77 0.72 0.68 0.65 0.62 0.60 0.58 0.56 0.54 0.53 0.51 0.50 0.49 0.48

2.1 51.63 1.05 1.01 0.96 0.93 0.89 0.87 0.84 0.79 0.75 0.71 0.68 0.65 0.63 0.61 0.59 0.58 0.56 0.55 0.54 0.52
—
2.2 54.09 1.14 1.09 1.04 1.01 0.97 0.94 0.91 0.85 0.81 0.77 0.74 0.71 0.68 0.66 0.64 0.62 0.61 0.59 0.58 0.57
2.3 56.55 1.23 1.18 1.13 1.09 1.05 1.01 0.98 0.92 0.87 0.83 0.80 0.77 0.74 0.72 0.69 0.68 0.66 0.64 0.63 0.62
2.4 59.01 1.32 1.27 1.21 1.17 1.13 1.09 1.05 0.99 0.94 0.90 0.86 0.83 0.80 0.77 0.75 0.73 0.71 0.69 0.68 0.67
2.5 61.47 1.41 1.36 1.30 1.26 1.21 1.17 1.13 1.07 1.01 0.96 0.92 0.89 0.86 0.83 0.81 0.78 0.76 0.75 0.73 0.72
2.6 63.93 1.51 1.45 1.39 1.34 1.29 1.25 1.21 1.14 1.08 1.03 0.99 0.95 0.92 0.89 0.86 0.84 0.82 0.80 0.78 0.77
2.7 66.38 1.61 1.55 1.48 1.43 1.38 1.34 1.29 1.22 1.16 1.10 1.06 1.02 0.98 0.95 0.92 0.90 0.88 0.86 0.84 0.82
2.8 68.84 1.72 1.65 1.58 1.53 1.47 1.43 1.38 1.30 1.23 1.18 1.13 1.08 1.05 1.01 0.98 0.96 0.93 0.91 0.89 0.88
2.9 71.30 1.82 1.75 1.68 1.62 1.56 1.51 1.46 1.38 1.31 1.25 1.20 1.15 1.11 1.08 1.05 1.02 0.99 0.97 0.95 0.93
3.0 73.76 1.93 1.86 1.78 1.72 1.66 1.61 1.55 1.47 1.39 1.33 1.27 1.23 1.18 1.15 1.11 1.08 1.06 1.03 1.01 0.99
3.1 76.22 2.04 1.97 1.88 1.82 1.75 1.70 1.64 1.55 1.47 1.41 1.35 1.30 1.25 1.21 1.18 1.15 1.12 1.09 1.07 1.05

3.2 78.68 2.16 2.08 1.99 1.92 1.85 1.80 1.74 1.64 1.56 1.49 1.43 1.37 1.33 1.28 1.25 1.22 1.19 1.16 1.14 1.11
3.3 81.14 2.27 2.19 2.10 2.03 1.95 1.90 1.83 1.73 1.64 1.57 1.51 1.45 1.40 1.36 1.32 1.28 1.25 1.22 1.20 1.18
3.4 83.60 2.39 2.31 2.21 2.14 2.06 2.00 1.93 1.82 1.73 1.66 1.59 1.53 1.48 1.43 1.39 1.35 1.32 1.29 1.27 1.24
3.5 86.05 2.52 2.42 2.32 2.25 2.16 2.10 2.03 1.92 1.82 1.74 1.67 1.61 1.55 1.51 1.46 1.43 1.39 1.36 1.33 1.31
3.6 88.51 2.64 2.54 2.44 2.36 2.27 2.21 2.13 2.02 1.92 1.83 1.76 1.69 1.63 1.58 1.54 1.50 1.46 1.43 1.40 1.38
3.7 90.97 2.77 2.67 2.56 2.47 2.38 2.31 2.24 2.12 2.01 1.92 1.84 1.78 1.72 1.66 1.62 1.58 1.54 1.50 1.47 1.44
3.8 93.43 2.90 2.79 2.68 2.59 2.50 2.42 2.35 2.22 2.11 2.01 1.93 1.86 1.80 1.74 1.70 1.65 1.61 1.58 1.55 1.52
3.9 95.89 3.03 2.92 2.80 2.71 2.61 2.54 2.45 2.32 2.21 2.11 2.02 1.95 1.88 1.83 1.78 1.73 1.69 1.65 1.62 1.59
4.0 98.35 3.17 3.05 2.93 2.83 2.73 2.65 2.57 2.43 2.31 2.20 2.12 2.04 1.97 1.91 1.86 1.81 1.77 1.73 1.69 1.66
4.1 100.81 3.30 3.19 3.06 2.96 2.85 2.77 2.68 2.53 2.41 2.30 2.21 2.13 2.06 2.00 1.94 1.89 1.85 1.80 1.77 1.74
4.2 103.27 3.45 3.32 3.19 3.08 2.97 2.89 2.79 2.64 2.51 2.40 2.31 2.22 2.15 2.08 2.03 1.98 1.93 1.88 1.85 1.81
4.3 105.72 3.59 3.46 3.32 3.21 3.10 3.01 2.91 2.75 2.62 2.51 2.41 2.32 2.24 2.17 2.11 2.06 2.01 1.97 1.93 1.89
4.4 108.18 3.73 3.60 3.46 3.34 3.22 3.13 3.03 2.87 2.73 2.61 2.51 2.41 2.34 2.26 2.20 2.15 2.10 2.05 2.01 1.97
4.5 110.64 3.88 3.74 3.59 3.48 3.35 3.26 3.15 2.98 2.84 2.71 2.61 2.51 2.43 2.36 2.29 2.23 2.18 2.13 2.09 2.05
4.6 113.10 4.03 3.89 3.73 3.61 3.48 3.39 3.28 3.10 2.95 2.82 2.71 2.61 2.53 2.45 2.38 2.32 2.27 2.22 2.18 2.14
4.7 115.56 4.18 4.04 3.87 3.75 3.62 3.52 3.40 3.22 3.07 2.93 2.82 2.72 2.63 2.55 2.48 2.42 2.36 2.31 2.26 2.22
331
332
4.8 118.02 4.34 4.19 4.02 3.89 3.75 3.65 3.53 3.34 3.18 3.04 2.92 2.82 2.73 2.64 2.57 2.51 2.45 2.39 2.35 2.31
4.9 120.48 4.50 4.34 4.17 4.03 3.89 3.78 3.66 3.47 3.30 3.16 3.03 2.92 2.83 2.74 2.67 2.60 2.54 2.48 2.44 2.39
Appendix G
5.0 122.94 4.66 4.49 4.32 4.18 4.03 3.92 3.79 3.59 3.42 3.27 3.14 3.03 2.93 2.84 2.77 2.70 2.63 2.58 2.53 2.48
5.1 125.39 4.82 4.65 4.47 4.33 4.17 4.06 3.93 3.72 3.54 3.39 3.26 3.14 3.04 2.95 2.87 2.80 2.73 2.67 2.62 2.57
5.2 127.85 4.99 4.81 4.62 4.48 4.32 4.20 4.06 3.85 3.66 3.51 3.37 3.25 3.14 3.05 2.97 2.89 2.83 2.76 2.71 2.66
5.3 130.31 5.15 4.97 4.78 4.63 4.46 4.34 4.20 3.98 3.79 3.63 3.49 3.36 3.25 3.16 3.07 3.00 2.92 2.86 2.81 2.76
5.4 132.77 5.32 5.14 4.93 4.78 4.61 4.48 4.34 4.11 3.92 3.75 3.60 3.48 3.36 3.26 3.18 3.10 3.02 2.96 2.90 2.85
5.5 135.23 5.49 5.30 5.10 4.94 4.76 4.63 4.48 4.25 4.05 3.87 3.72 3.59 3.48 3.37 3.28 3.20 3.13 3.06 3.00 2.95
5.6 137.69 5.67 5.47 5.26 5.09 4.92 4.78 4.63 4.39 4.18 4.00 3.84 3.71 3.59 3.48 3.39 3.31 3.23 3.16 3.10 3.04
5.7 140.15 5.85 5.64 5.42 5.25 5.07 4.93 4.78 4.53 4.31 4.13 3.97 3.83 3.70 3.59 3.50 3.41 3.33 3.26 3.20 3.14
5.8 142.60 6.03 5.82 5.59 5.42 5.23 5.08 4.92 4.67 4.45 4.26 4.09 3.95 3.82 3.71 3.61 3.52 3.44 3.36 3.30 3.24
5.9 145.06 6.21 5.99 5.76 5.58 5.39 5.24 5.07 4.81 4.58 4.39 4.22 4.07 3.94 3.82 3.72 3.63 3.55 3.47 3.41 3.34
6.0 147.52 6.39 6.17 5.93 5.75 5.55 5.39 5.23 4.95 4.72 4.52 4.35 4.19 4.06 3.94 3.84 3.74 3.66 3.58 3.51 3.45
6.1 149.98 6.58 6.35 6.10 5.92 5.71 5.55 5.38 5.10 4.86 4.65 4.48 4.32 4.18 4.06 3.95 3.85 3.77 3.68 3.62 3.55
6.2 152.44 6.77 6.53 6.28 6.09 5.88 5.71 5.54 5.25 5.00 4.79 4.61 4.45 4.30 4.18 4.07 3.97 3.88 3.79 3.72 3.66
6.3 154.90 6.96 6.72 6.46 6.26 6.04 5.88 5.70 5.40 5.15 4.93 4.74 4.58 4.43 4.30 4.19 4.08 3.99 3.90 3.83 3.76
6.4 157.36 7.15 6.91 6.64 6.44 6.21 6.04 5.86 5.55 5.29 5.07 4.88 4.71 4.56 4.42 4.31 4.20 4.10 4.02 3.94 3.87
6.5 159.82 7.35 7.10 6.82 6.61 6.39 6.21 6.02 5.71 5.44 5.21 5.01 4.84 4.68 4.55 4.43 4.32 4.22 4.13 4.06 3.98
6.6 162.27 7.54 7.29 7.01 6.79 6.56 6.38 6.18 5.86 5.59 5.35 5.15 4.97 4.81 4.67 4.55 4.44 4.34 4.25 4.17 4.09
6.7 164.73 7.74 7.48 7.19 6.97 6.73 6.55 6.35 6.02 5.74 5.50 5.29 5.11 4.95 4.80 4.67 4.56 4.46 4.36 4.28 4.21
6.8 167.19 7.95 7.68 7.38 7.16 6.91 6.72 6.52 6.18 5.89 5.65 5.43 5.24 5.08 4.93 4.80 4.69 4.58 4.48 4.40 4.32
6.9 169.65 8.15 7.87 7.57 7.34 7.09 6.90 6.69 6.34 6.05 5.79 5.58 5.38 5.21 5.06 4.93 4.81 4.70 4.60 4.52 4.44
7.0 172.11 8.36 8.08 7.77 7.53 7.27 7.07 6.86 6.51 6.20 5.95 5.72 5.52 5.35 5.19 5.06 4.94 4.82 4.72 4.64 4.55
7.1 174.57 8.57 8.28 7.96 7.72 7.46 7.25 7.03 6.67 6.36 6.10 5.87 5.66 5.49 5.33 5.19 5.06 4.95 4.84 4.76 4.67
7.2 177.03 8.78 8.48 8.16 7.91 7.64 7.43 7.21 6.84 6.52 6.25 6.02 5.81 5.63 5.46 5.32 5.19 5.07 4.97 4.88 4.79
7.3 179.49 8.99 8.69 8.36 8.11 7.83 7.62 7.39 7.01 6.68 6.41 6.16 5.95 5.77 5.60 5.45 5.32 5.20 5.09 5.00 4.91
7.4 181.94 9.21 8.90 8.56 8.30 8.02 7.80 7.57 7.18 6.85 6.56 6.32 6.10 5.91 5.74 5.59 5.45 5.33 5.22 5.12 5.03

7.5 184.40 9.43 9.11 8.76 8.50 8.21 7.99 7.75 7.35 7.01 6.72 6.47 6.25 6.05 5.88 5.72 5.59 5.46 5.35 5.25 5.16
—
7.6 186.86 9.65 9.32 8.97 8.70 8.41 8.18 7.93 7.53 7.18 6.88 6.62 6.40 6.20 6.02 5.86 5.72 5.59 5.48 5.38 5.28
7.7 189.32 9.87 9.54 9.18 8.90 8.60 8.37 8.12 7.70 7.35 7.04 6.78 6.55 6.34 6.16 6.00 5.86 5.73 5.61 5.51 5.41
7.8 191.78 10.09 9.76 9.39 9.11 8.80 8.56 8.30 7.88 7.52 7.21 6.94 6.70 6.49 6.31 6.14 6.00 5.86 5.74 5.64 5.54
7.9 194.24 10.32 9.98 9.60 9.31 9.00 8.76 8.49 8.06 7.69 7.37 7.10 6.86 6.64 6.45 6.28 6.14 6.00 5.87 5.77 5.66
8.0 196.70 10.55 10.20 9.81 9.52 9.20 8.95 8.68 8.24 7.87 7.54 7.26 7.01 6.79 6.60 6.43 6.28 6.13 6.01 5.90 5.79
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1
⁄2" Uponor MLC — 100% Water — Feet of Head per Foot of Tubing
0.5 0.29 0.0060 0.0056 0.0052 0.0051 0.0050 0.0049 0.0048 0.0046 0.0044 0.0042 0.0041 0.0040 0.0039 0.0038 0.0037 0.0036 0.0036 0.0035 0.0034 0.0034
0.6 0.35 0.0081 0.0076 0.0071 0.0069 0.0067 0.0066 0.0065 0.0062 0.0060 0.0058 0.0056 0.0055 0.0053 0.0052 0.0051 0.0050 0.0049 0.0048 0.0047 0.0046
Appendix G
0.7 0.41 0.0105 0.0099 0.0092 0.0090 0.0087 0.0086 0.0084 0.0080 0.0078 0.0075 0.0073 0.0071 0.0069 0.0068 0.0066 0.0065 0.0063 0.0062 0.0061 0.0060
0.8 0.47 0.0131 0.0123 0.0115 0.0112 0.0109 0.0107 0.0105 0.0101 0.0097 0.0094 0.0092 0.0089 0.0087 0.0085 0.0083 0.0082 0.0080 0.0079 0.0077 0.0076
0.9 0.53 0.0159 0.0150 0.0140 0.0137 0.0134 0.0131 0.0128 0.0123 0.0119 0.0115 0.0112 0.0109 0.0107 0.0104 0.0102 0.0100 0.0098 0.0096 0.0095 0.0093
1.0 0.59 0.0190 0.0179 0.0167 0.0164 0.0160 0.0157 0.0153 0.0148 0.0143 0.0138 0.0134 0.0131 0.0128 0.0125 0.0122 0.0120 0.0118 0.0116 0.0114 0.0112

1.1 0.65 0.0223 0.0210 0.0197 0.0192 0.0188 0.0184 0.0180 0.0174 0.0168 0.0163 0.0158 0.0154 0.0151 0.0147 0.0144 0.0142 0.0139 0.0137 0.0134 0.0132
—
1.2 0.71 0.0258 0.0244 0.0228 0.0223 0.0218 0.0214 0.0209 0.0202 0.0195 0.0189 0.0184 0.0179 0.0175 0.0171 0.0168 0.0165 0.0162 0.0159 0.0156 0.0154
1.3 0.76 0.0295 0.0279 0.0261 0.0256 0.0250 0.0245 0.0240 0.0231 0.0224 0.0217 0.0211 0.0206 0.0201 0.0197 0.0193 0.0189 0.0186 0.0183 0.0180 0.0177
1.4 0.82 0.0334 0.0316 0.0296 0.0290 0.0284 0.0278 0.0273 0.0263 0.0255 0.0247 0.0240 0.0234 0.0229 0.0224 0.0219 0.0215 0.0212 0.0208 0.0205 0.0202
1.5 0.88 0.0376 0.0356 0.0333 0.0326 0.0319 0.0313 0.0307 0.0296 0.0287 0.0278 0.0271 0.0264 0.0258 0.0253 0.0248 0.0243 0.0239 0.0235 0.0231 0.0228
1.6 0.94 0.0419 0.0397 0.0372 0.0365 0.0356 0.0350 0.0343 0.0331 0.0321 0.0311 0.0303 0.0296 0.0289 0.0283 0.0277 0.0272 0.0267 0.0263 0.0259 0.0255
1.7 1.00 0.0465 0.0440 0.0413 0.0405 0.0396 0.0388 0.0381 0.0368 0.0356 0.0346 0.0337 0.0328 0.0321 0.0314 0.0308 0.0302 0.0297 0.0292 0.0288 0.0284
1.8 1.06 0.0512 0.0485 0.0456 0.0446 0.0436 0.0428 0.0420 0.0406 0.0393 0.0382 0.0372 0.0363 0.0355 0.0347 0.0340 0.0334 0.0328 0.0323 0.0318 0.0314
1.9 1.12 0.0561 0.0532 0.0500 0.0490 0.0479 0.0470 0.0461 0.0445 0.0432 0.0419 0.0409 0.0399 0.0390 0.0382 0.0374 0.0367 0.0361 0.0355 0.0350 0.0345
2.0 1.18 0.0612 0.0581 0.0546 0.0535 0.0523 0.0514 0.0504 0.0487 0.0472 0.0459 0.0447 0.0436 0.0426 0.0418 0.0409 0.0402 0.0395 0.0389 0.0383 0.0378
2.1 1.23 0.0666 0.0632 0.0594 0.0582 0.0569 0.0559 0.0548 0.0530 0.0514 0.0499 0.0486 0.0475 0.0464 0.0455 0.0446 0.0438 0.0431 0.0424 0.0418 0.0412

2.2 1.29 0.0721 0.0684 0.0643 0.0630 0.0617 0.0606 0.0594 0.0574 0.0557 0.0541 0.0528 0.0515 0.0504 0.0493 0.0484 0.0475 0.0467 0.0460 0.0453 0.0447
2.3 1.35 0.0777 0.0738 0.0694 0.0681 0.0666 0.0654 0.0642 0.0620 0.0602 0.0585 0.0570 0.0557 0.0544 0.0533 0.0523 0.0514 0.0505 0.0498 0.0490 0.0484
2.4 1.41 0.0836 0.0794 0.0747 0.0732 0.0717 0.0704 0.0691 0.0668 0.0648 0.0630 0.0614 0.0600 0.0587 0.0575 0.0564 0.0554 0.0545 0.0536 0.0529 0.0521
2.5 1.47 0.0897 0.0852 0.0802 0.0786 0.0769 0.0756 0.0742 0.0717 0.0696 0.0677 0.0660 0.0644 0.0630 0.0618 0.0606 0.0595 0.0585 0.0576 0.0568 0.0560
2.6 1.53 0.0959 0.0911 0.0858 0.0841 0.0823 0.0809 0.0794 0.0768 0.0745 0.0725 0.0706 0.0690 0.0675 0.0662 0.0649 0.0638 0.0627 0.0618 0.0609 0.0601
2.7 1.59 0.1023 0.0973 0.0916 0.0898 0.0879 0.0864 0.0848 0.0820 0.0796 0.0774 0.0755 0.0737 0.0721 0.0707 0.0694 0.0682 0.0671 0.0660 0.0651 0.0642
2.8 1.65 0.1089 0.1035 0.0975 0.0956 0.0936 0.0920 0.0903 0.0874 0.0848 0.0825 0.0804 0.0786 0.0769 0.0754 0.0740 0.0727 0.0715 0.0704 0.0694 0.0685
2.9 1.70 0.1157 0.1100 0.1036 0.1016 0.0995 0.0978 0.0960 0.0929 0.0902 0.0877 0.0855 0.0836 0.0818 0.0802 0.0787 0.0774 0.0761 0.0749 0.0739 0.0729
3.0 1.76 0.1226 0.1166 0.1099 0.1078 0.1056 0.1037 0.1018 0.0985 0.0957 0.0931 0.0908 0.0887 0.0868 0.0851 0.0836 0.0821 0.0808 0.0796 0.0784 0.0774
3.1 1.82 0.1297 0.1234 0.1163 0.1141 0.1117 0.1098 0.1078 0.1043 0.1013 0.0986 0.0962 0.0940 0.0920 0.0902 0.0885 0.0870 0.0856 0.0843 0.0831 0.0820
3.2 1.88 0.1370 0.1304 0.1229 0.1206 0.1181 0.1161 0.1139 0.1103 0.1071 0.1042 0.1017 0.0994 0.0973 0.0954 0.0936 0.0921 0.0906 0.0892 0.0880 0.0868
3.3 1.94 0.1444 0.1375 0.1296 0.1272 0.1246 0.1224 0.1202 0.1164 0.1130 0.1100 0.1073 0.1049 0.1027 0.1007 0.0989 0.0972 0.0956 0.0942 0.0929 0.0917
3.4 2.00 0.1521 0.1448 0.1365 0.1339 0.1312 0.1290 0.1266 0.1226 0.1191 0.1159 0.1131 0.1106 0.1083 0.1062 0.1042 0.1025 0.1008 0.0993 0.0979 0.0967
3.5 2.06 0.1598 0.1522 0.1436 0.1409 0.1380 0.1357 0.1332 0.1290 0.1253 0.1220 0.1190 0.1164 0.1139 0.1117 0.1097 0.1079 0.1061 0.1046 0.1031 0.1018
3.6 2.12 0.1678 0.1598 0.1508 0.1479 0.1450 0.1425 0.1399 0.1355 0.1316 0.1282 0.1251 0.1223 0.1197 0.1174 0.1153 0.1134 0.1116 0.1099 0.1084 0.1070
3.7 2.17 0.1759 0.1676 0.1582 0.1552 0.1521 0.1495 0.1468 0.1422 0.1381 0.1345 0.1313 0.1283 0.1257 0.1233 0.1211 0.1190 0.1171 0.1154 0.1138 0.1123
333
334
1
3.8 2.23 0.1842 0.1755 0.1657 0.1626 0.1593 0.1566 0.1538 0.1490 0.1447 0.1410 0.1376 0.1345 0.1317 0.1292 0.1269 0.1248 0.1228 0.1210 0.1194 0.1178
3.9 2.29 0.1927 0.1836 0.1733 0.1701 0.1667 0.1639 0.1610 0.1559 0.1515 0.1476 0.1440 0.1408 0.1379 0.1353 0.1329 0.1307 0.1286 0.1267 0.1250 0.1234
Appendix G
4.0 2.35 0.2013 0.1918 0.1811 0.1778 0.1742 0.1713 0.1682 0.1630 0.1584 0.1543 0.1506 0.1473 0.1442 0.1415 0.1390 0.1367 0.1345 0.1326 0.1308 0.1291
4.1 2.41 0.2101 0.2002 0.1891 0.1856 0.1819 0.1788 0.1757 0.1702 0.1654 0.1611 0.1573 0.1538 0.1507 0.1478 0.1452 0.1428 0.1406 0.1385 0.1366 0.1349
4.2 2.47 0.2190 0.2088 0.1972 0.1935 0.1897 0.1865 0.1832 0.1776 0.1726 0.1681 0.1641 0.1605 0.1573 0.1543 0.1515 0.1491 0.1467 0.1446 0.1426 0.1408
4.3 2.53 0.2281 0.2175 0.2055 0.2017 0.1977 0.1944 0.1910 0.1851 0.1799 0.1752 0.1711 0.1673 0.1639 0.1609 0.1580 0.1554 0.1530 0.1508 0.1487 0.1468
4.4 2.59 0.2374 0.2263 0.2139 0.2099 0.2058 0.2024 0.1988 0.1927 0.1873 0.1825 0.1782 0.1743 0.1708 0.1676 0.1646 0.1619 0.1594 0.1571 0.1550 0.1530
4.5 2.65 0.2468 0.2354 0.2224 0.2183 0.2140 0.2105 0.2068 0.2005 0.1949 0.1899 0.1854 0.1813 0.1777 0.1744 0.1713 0.1685 0.1659 0.1635 0.1613 0.1592
4.6 2.70 0.2564 0.2445 0.2311 0.2269 0.2224 0.2188 0.2149 0.2084 0.2026 0.1974 0.1927 0.1885 0.1847 0.1813 0.1781 0.1752 0.1725 0.1700 0.1677 0.1656

—
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1
⁄2" Uponor MLC — 30% Propylene Glycol — Feet of Head per Foot of Tubing
0.5 0.29 0.0090 0.0086 0.0082 0.0078 0.0075 0.0072 0.0069 0.0064 0.0061 0.0057 0.0054 0.0052 0.0050 0.0048 0.0046 0.0045 0.0044 0.0042 0.0041 0.0041
0.6 0.35 0.0120 0.0115 0.0109 0.0105 0.0100 0.0097 0.0093 0.0087 0.0082 0.0077 0.0074 0.0070 0.0068 0.0065 0.0063 0.0061 0.0059 0.0058 0.0056 0.0055
Appendix G
0.7 0.41 0.0154 0.0147 0.0140 0.0135 0.0129 0.0124 0.0120 0.0112 0.0105 0.0100 0.0095 0.0091 0.0088 0.0084 0.0082 0.0079 0.0077 0.0075 0.0073 0.0072
0.8 0.47 0.0191 0.0183 0.0174 0.0167 0.0160 0.0155 0.0149 0.0140 0.0132 0.0125 0.0119 0.0114 0.0110 0.0106 0.0103 0.0099 0.0097 0.0094 0.0092 0.0090
0.9 0.53 0.0231 0.0221 0.0211 0.0203 0.0195 0.0188 0.0181 0.0170 0.0160 0.0152 0.0145 0.0139 0.0134 0.0129 0.0125 0.0122 0.0118 0.0115 0.0113 0.0111
1.0 0.59 0.0273 0.0262 0.0250 0.0241 0.0232 0.0224 0.0216 0.0202 0.0191 0.0182 0.0173 0.0166 0.0160 0.0154 0.0150 0.0146 0.0142 0.0138 0.0135 0.0133

1.1 0.65 0.0319 0.0306 0.0293 0.0282 0.0271 0.0262 0.0253 0.0237 0.0224 0.0213 0.0204 0.0195 0.0188 0.0182 0.0176 0.0171 0.0167 0.0163 0.0159 0.0156
—
1.2 0.71 0.0368 0.0353 0.0338 0.0326 0.0313 0.0303 0.0292 0.0274 0.0260 0.0247 0.0236 0.0227 0.0218 0.0211 0.0205 0.0199 0.0194 0.0189 0.0185 0.0182
1.3 0.76 0.0420 0.0403 0.0385 0.0372 0.0357 0.0346 0.0334 0.0314 0.0297 0.0283 0.0270 0.0260 0.0250 0.0242 0.0235 0.0228 0.0222 0.0217 0.0212 0.0209
1.4 0.82 0.0474 0.0455 0.0436 0.0420 0.0404 0.0391 0.0378 0.0356 0.0337 0.0320 0.0306 0.0295 0.0284 0.0274 0.0267 0.0259 0.0252 0.0247 0.0241 0.0237
1.5 0.88 0.0531 0.0510 0.0488 0.0471 0.0454 0.0439 0.0424 0.0399 0.0378 0.0360 0.0345 0.0331 0.0320 0.0309 0.0300 0.0292 0.0284 0.0278 0.0272 0.0267
1.6 0.94 0.0590 0.0568 0.0544 0.0525 0.0505 0.0489 0.0472 0.0445 0.0422 0.0402 0.0385 0.0370 0.0357 0.0345 0.0336 0.0326 0.0318 0.0311 0.0304 0.0299
1.7 1.00 0.0652 0.0628 0.0601 0.0581 0.0559 0.0542 0.0523 0.0493 0.0468 0.0446 0.0427 0.0411 0.0396 0.0383 0.0373 0.0363 0.0353 0.0345 0.0338 0.0332
1.8 1.06 0.0717 0.0690 0.0661 0.0639 0.0615 0.0596 0.0576 0.0543 0.0515 0.0491 0.0471 0.0453 0.0437 0.0423 0.0411 0.0400 0.0390 0.0381 0.0373 0.0367
1.9 1.12 0.0784 0.0755 0.0724 0.0699 0.0674 0.0653 0.0631 0.0595 0.0565 0.0539 0.0516 0.0497 0.0480 0.0464 0.0452 0.0439 0.0428 0.0419 0.0410 0.0403
2.0 1.18 0.0854 0.0822 0.0788 0.0762 0.0734 0.0712 0.0688 0.0649 0.0616 0.0588 0.0564 0.0543 0.0524 0.0507 0.0494 0.0480 0.0468 0.0458 0.0448 0.0441
2.1 1.23 0.0926 0.0892 0.0855 0.0827 0.0797 0.0773 0.0747 0.0706 0.0670 0.0639 0.0613 0.0590 0.0570 0.0552 0.0537 0.0523 0.0510 0.0499 0.0488 0.0480

2.2 1.29 0.1000 0.0964 0.0925 0.0894 0.0862 0.0836 0.0808 0.0764 0.0725 0.0692 0.0664 0.0639 0.0618 0.0598 0.0582 0.0567 0.0553 0.0541 0.0529 0.0521
2.3 1.35 0.1077 0.1038 0.0996 0.0964 0.0929 0.0901 0.0871 0.0824 0.0782 0.0747 0.0716 0.0690 0.0667 0.0646 0.0629 0.0612 0.0597 0.0584 0.0572 0.0563
2.4 1.41 0.1156 0.1115 0.1070 0.1035 0.0998 0.0968 0.0937 0.0885 0.0842 0.0804 0.0771 0.0743 0.0718 0.0695 0.0677 0.0659 0.0643 0.0629 0.0616 0.0606
2.5 1.47 0.1238 0.1193 0.1146 0.1109 0.1069 0.1038 0.1004 0.0949 0.0902 0.0862 0.0827 0.0797 0.0770 0.0746 0.0727 0.0708 0.0690 0.0676 0.0662 0.0651
2.6 1.53 0.1322 0.1274 0.1224 0.1184 0.1143 0.1109 0.1073 0.1015 0.0965 0.0922 0.0885 0.0853 0.0825 0.0799 0.0778 0.0758 0.0739 0.0724 0.0709 0.0697
2.7 1.59 0.1408 0.1358 0.1304 0.1262 0.1218 0.1182 0.1144 0.1082 0.1030 0.0984 0.0944 0.0911 0.0880 0.0853 0.0831 0.0809 0.0790 0.0773 0.0757 0.0745
2.8 1.65 0.1496 0.1443 0.1386 0.1342 0.1295 0.1257 0.1217 0.1152 0.1096 0.1048 0.1005 0.0970 0.0938 0.0909 0.0885 0.0862 0.0842 0.0824 0.0807 0.0794
2.9 1.70 0.1587 0.1531 0.1471 0.1424 0.1375 0.1335 0.1292 0.1223 0.1164 0.1113 0.1068 0.1030 0.0997 0.0966 0.0941 0.0917 0.0895 0.0876 0.0858 0.0845
3.0 1.76 0.1680 0.1621 0.1558 0.1508 0.1456 0.1414 0.1369 0.1296 0.1234 0.1180 0.1133 0.1093 0.1057 0.1024 0.0998 0.0973 0.0949 0.0930 0.0911 0.0896
3.1 1.82 0.1775 0.1713 0.1646 0.1595 0.1539 0.1495 0.1448 0.1371 0.1305 0.1248 0.1199 0.1157 0.1119 0.1085 0.1057 0.1030 0.1006 0.0985 0.0965 0.0950
3.2 1.88 0.1872 0.1807 0.1737 0.1683 0.1625 0.1578 0.1528 0.1448 0.1378 0.1319 0.1266 0.1222 0.1182 0.1146 0.1117 0.1089 0.1063 0.1041 0.1020 0.1004
3.3 1.94 0.1972 0.1903 0.1830 0.1773 0.1712 0.1663 0.1611 0.1526 0.1453 0.1391 0.1336 0.1289 0.1247 0.1209 0.1179 0.1149 0.1122 0.1099 0.1077 0.1060
3.4 2.00 0.2073 0.2002 0.1925 0.1865 0.1801 0.1750 0.1695 0.1606 0.1530 0.1464 0.1407 0.1358 0.1314 0.1274 0.1242 0.1211 0.1182 0.1158 0.1135 0.1117
3.5 2.06 0.2177 0.2102 0.2021 0.1959 0.1892 0.1839 0.1781 0.1688 0.1608 0.1539 0.1479 0.1428 0.1382 0.1340 0.1307 0.1274 0.1244 0.1219 0.1194 0.1176
3.6 2.12 0.2283 0.2204 0.2120 0.2055 0.1985 0.1929 0.1869 0.1772 0.1688 0.1616 0.1553 0.1500 0.1452 0.1408 0.1373 0.1338 0.1307 0.1281 0.1255 0.1236
3.7 2.17 0.2391 0.2309 0.2221 0.2153 0.2080 0.2022 0.1959 0.1857 0.1770 0.1695 0.1629 0.1573 0.1523 0.1477 0.1440 0.1404 0.1371 0.1344 0.1317 0.1297
335
336
1
3.8 2.23 0.2501 0.2416 0.2324 0.2253 0.2177 0.2116 0.2051 0.1945 0.1853 0.1775 0.1706 0.1647 0.1595 0.1547 0.1509 0.1472 0.1437 0.1408 0.1380 0.1359
3.9 2.29 0.2613 0.2524 0.2429 0.2355 0.2276 0.2212 0.2144 0.2034 0.1938 0.1857 0.1785 0.1724 0.1669 0.1619 0.1579 0.1540 0.1504 0.1474 0.1445 0.1423
Appendix G
4.0 2.35 0.2727 0.2635 0.2536 0.2459 0.2376 0.2310 0.2239 0.2124 0.2025 0.1940 0.1865 0.1801 0.1744 0.1692 0.1651 0.1610 0.1573 0.1541 0.1511 0.1488
4.1 2.41 0.2844 0.2747 0.2644 0.2564 0.2479 0.2410 0.2336 0.2216 0.2113 0.2025 0.1947 0.1881 0.1821 0.1767 0.1724 0.1681 0.1642 0.1610 0.1578 0.1554
4.2 2.47 0.2962 0.2862 0.2755 0.2672 0.2583 0.2511 0.2435 0.2310 0.2203 0.2111 0.2030 0.1961 0.1900 0.1843 0.1798 0.1754 0.1714 0.1680 0.1646 0.1622

—
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1
0.5 0.29 0.0112 0.0105 0.0099 0.0094 0.0089 0.0085 0.0080 0.0074 0.0069 0.0064 0.0060 0.0057 0.0054 0.0052 0.0050 0.0048 0.0047 0.0049 0.0047 0.0046
0.6 0.35 0.0149 0.0140 0.0132 0.0125 0.0118 0.0113 0.0108 0.0099 0.0092 0.0086 0.0082 0.0077 0.0074 0.0071 0.0068 0.0066 0.0064 0.0066 0.0064 0.0063
Appendix G
0.7 0.41 0.0189 0.0179 0.0168 0.0160 0.0152 0.0145 0.0138 0.0128 0.0119 0.0111 0.0105 0.0100 0.0095 0.0091 0.0088 0.0085 0.0082 0.0086 0.0084 0.0081
0.8 0.47 0.0233 0.0221 0.0208 0.0198 0.0188 0.0180 0.0172 0.0159 0.0148 0.0139 0.0131 0.0125 0.0119 0.0114 0.0110 0.0107 0.0103 0.0108 0.0105 0.0102
0.9 0.53 0.0281 0.0267 0.0251 0.0240 0.0227 0.0218 0.0208 0.0193 0.0180 0.0169 0.0160 0.0152 0.0145 0.0140 0.0135 0.0130 0.0126 0.0132 0.0128 0.0125
1.0 0.59 0.0333 0.0316 0.0297 0.0284 0.0270 0.0259 0.0247 0.0229 0.0214 0.0201 0.0191 0.0182 0.0174 0.0167 0.0161 0.0156 0.0151 0.0157 0.0153 0.0149

1.1 0.65 0.0388 0.0368 0.0347 0.0331 0.0315 0.0302 0.0289 0.0268 0.0251 0.0236 0.0224 0.0213 0.0204 0.0196 0.0189 0.0183 0.0178 0.0185 0.0180 0.0175
—
1.2 0.71 0.0446 0.0423 0.0399 0.0382 0.0363 0.0349 0.0334 0.0310 0.0290 0.0273 0.0259 0.0247 0.0236 0.0227 0.0219 0.0213 0.0206 0.0215 0.0209 0.0204
1.3 0.76 0.0507 0.0482 0.0455 0.0435 0.0414 0.0398 0.0381 0.0354 0.0331 0.0313 0.0297 0.0283 0.0271 0.0260 0.0252 0.0244 0.0237 0.0246 0.0240 0.0234
1.4 0.82 0.0571 0.0543 0.0513 0.0491 0.0468 0.0450 0.0431 0.0400 0.0375 0.0354 0.0336 0.0320 0.0307 0.0295 0.0286 0.0277 0.0269 0.0280 0.0272 0.0265
1.5 0.88 0.0639 0.0608 0.0574 0.0550 0.0524 0.0504 0.0483 0.0449 0.0421 0.0398 0.0378 0.0360 0.0346 0.0332 0.0321 0.0312 0.0303 0.0315 0.0307 0.0299
1.6 0.94 0.0709 0.0675 0.0638 0.0611 0.0583 0.0561 0.0537 0.0500 0.0469 0.0443 0.0421 0.0402 0.0386 0.0371 0.0359 0.0349 0.0338 0.0352 0.0343 0.0334
1.7 1.00 0.0782 0.0745 0.0705 0.0676 0.0644 0.0620 0.0594 0.0554 0.0519 0.0491 0.0467 0.0446 0.0428 0.0412 0.0398 0.0387 0.0375 0.0390 0.0380 0.0371
1.8 1.06 0.0859 0.0818 0.0775 0.0742 0.0708 0.0682 0.0654 0.0609 0.0572 0.0541 0.0515 0.0491 0.0472 0.0454 0.0439 0.0427 0.0414 0.0431 0.0420 0.0409
1.9 1.12 0.0938 0.0894 0.0847 0.0812 0.0774 0.0746 0.0716 0.0667 0.0627 0.0593 0.0564 0.0539 0.0517 0.0498 0.0482 0.0469 0.0455 0.0473 0.0461 0.0449
2.0 1.18 0.1020 0.0972 0.0921 0.0884 0.0843 0.0812 0.0780 0.0727 0.0683 0.0647 0.0616 0.0588 0.0565 0.0544 0.0527 0.0512 0.0497 0.0516 0.0504 0.0491
2.1 1.23 0.1105 0.1054 0.0999 0.0958 0.0914 0.0881 0.0846 0.0789 0.0742 0.0703 0.0669 0.0639 0.0614 0.0592 0.0573 0.0557 0.0541 0.0562 0.0548 0.0534

2.2 1.29 0.1192 0.1137 0.1078 0.1035 0.0988 0.0952 0.0914 0.0854 0.0803 0.0761 0.0724 0.0692 0.0665 0.0641 0.0621 0.0604 0.0586 0.0609 0.0594 0.0579
2.3 1.35 0.1282 0.1224 0.1161 0.1114 0.1064 0.1026 0.0985 0.0920 0.0866 0.0820 0.0781 0.0747 0.0718 0.0692 0.0671 0.0652 0.0633 0.0657 0.0641 0.0626
2.4 1.41 0.1375 0.1313 0.1245 0.1196 0.1142 0.1102 0.1058 0.0989 0.0930 0.0882 0.0840 0.0804 0.0773 0.0745 0.0722 0.0702 0.0682 0.0708 0.0691 0.0674
2.5 1.47 0.1471 0.1404 0.1333 0.1280 0.1223 0.1180 0.1133 0.1059 0.0997 0.0946 0.0901 0.0862 0.0829 0.0799 0.0775 0.0753 0.0732 0.0760 0.0741 0.0723
2.6 1.53 0.1569 0.1498 0.1422 0.1366 0.1306 0.1260 0.1211 0.1132 0.1066 0.1011 0.0964 0.0922 0.0887 0.0855 0.0829 0.0806 0.0783 0.0813 0.0793 0.0774
2.7 1.59 0.1670 0.1595 0.1515 0.1455 0.1391 0.1342 0.1290 0.1207 0.1137 0.1078 0.1028 0.0984 0.0947 0.0913 0.0885 0.0861 0.0836 0.0868 0.0847 0.0827
2.8 1.65 0.1773 0.1694 0.1609 0.1546 0.1479 0.1427 0.1372 0.1283 0.1209 0.1147 0.1094 0.1048 0.1008 0.0972 0.0943 0.0917 0.0891 0.0925 0.0903 0.0881
2.9 1.70 0.1879 0.1796 0.1706 0.1640 0.1568 0.1514 0.1455 0.1362 0.1284 0.1218 0.1162 0.1113 0.1071 0.1033 0.1002 0.0974 0.0947 0.0983 0.0959 0.0937
3.0 1.76 0.1987 0.1900 0.1805 0.1735 0.1660 0.1603 0.1541 0.1443 0.1360 0.1291 0.1232 0.1180 0.1135 0.1096 0.1062 0.1034 0.1005 0.1042 0.1018 0.0994
3.1 1.82 0.2098 0.2006 0.1907 0.1833 0.1754 0.1694 0.1629 0.1525 0.1439 0.1366 0.1303 0.1248 0.1202 0.1160 0.1125 0.1094 0.1064 0.1104 0.1078 0.1052
3.2 1.88 0.2211 0.2115 0.2011 0.1933 0.1850 0.1787 0.1719 0.1610 0.1519 0.1442 0.1377 0.1319 0.1269 0.1226 0.1188 0.1157 0.1125 0.1166 0.1139 0.1112
3.3 1.94 0.2327 0.2226 0.2117 0.2036 0.1949 0.1882 0.1811 0.1697 0.1601 0.1520 0.1451 0.1391 0.1339 0.1293 0.1254 0.1220 0.1187 0.1230 0.1202 0.1173
3.4 2.00 0.2445 0.2340 0.2225 0.2140 0.2049 0.1979 0.1905 0.1785 0.1684 0.1600 0.1528 0.1464 0.1410 0.1362 0.1321 0.1285 0.1250 0.1296 0.1266 0.1236
3.5 2.06 0.2566 0.2456 0.2336 0.2247 0.2152 0.2079 0.2001 0.1875 0.1770 0.1682 0.1606 0.1539 0.1483 0.1432 0.1389 0.1352 0.1315 0.1363 0.1332 0.1301
3.6 2.12 0.2689 0.2574 0.2449 0.2356 0.2256 0.2180 0.2099 0.1968 0.1858 0.1765 0.1686 0.1616 0.1557 0.1504 0.1459 0.1420 0.1382 0.1432 0.1399 0.1366
3.7 2.17 0.2815 0.2694 0.2564 0.2467 0.2363 0.2284 0.2199 0.2062 0.1947 0.1851 0.1768 0.1695 0.1633 0.1577 0.1530 0.1490 0.1449 0.1502 0.1467 0.1433
3.8 2.23 0.2943 0.2817 0.2681 0.2581 0.2472 0.2389 0.2301 0.2158 0.2038 0.1937 0.1851 0.1775 0.1710 0.1652 0.1603 0.1561 0.1519 0.1574 0.1537 0.1502
3.9 2.29 0.3073 0.2942 0.2801 0.2696 0.2583 0.2497 0.2404 0.2256 0.2131 0.2026 0.1936 0.1856 0.1789 0.1728 0.1677 0.1633 0.1589 0.1647 0.1609 0.1572
337
4.0 2.35 0.3205 0.3070 0.2923 0.2814 0.2696 0.2606 0.2510 0.2355 0.2225 0.2116 0.2023 0.1940 0.1869 0.1806 0.1753 0.1707 0.1661 0.1721 0.1682 0.1643
338
1
0.5 0.29 0.0134 0.0125 0.0117 0.0110 0.0104 0.0099 0.0093 0.0085 0.0078 0.0072 0.0068 0.0064 0.0060 0.0057 0.0055 0.0053 0.0051 0.0049 0.0047 0.0046
0.6 0.35 0.0177 0.0166 0.0155 0.0147 0.0138 0.0131 0.0124 0.0114 0.0105 0.0097 0.0091 0.0086 0.0082 0.0078 0.0074 0.0071 0.0069 0.0066 0.0064 0.0063
Appendix G
0.7 0.41 0.0224 0.0211 0.0197 0.0187 0.0176 0.0168 0.0159 0.0146 0.0134 0.0125 0.0117 0.0111 0.0105 0.0100 0.0096 0.0092 0.0089 0.0086 0.0084 0.0081
0.8 0.47 0.0275 0.0260 0.0243 0.0231 0.0217 0.0208 0.0197 0.0181 0.0167 0.0156 0.0146 0.0138 0.0131 0.0125 0.0120 0.0116 0.0112 0.0108 0.0105 0.0102
0.9 0.53 0.0331 0.0312 0.0293 0.0278 0.0262 0.0251 0.0238 0.0219 0.0202 0.0189 0.0178 0.0168 0.0160 0.0153 0.0146 0.0141 0.0136 0.0132 0.0128 0.0125
1.0 0.59 0.0391 0.0369 0.0346 0.0329 0.0311 0.0297 0.0282 0.0260 0.0241 0.0225 0.0212 0.0200 0.0191 0.0182 0.0175 0.0169 0.0163 0.0157 0.0153 0.0149
1.1 0.65 0.0454 0.0429 0.0402 0.0383 0.0362 0.0346 0.0330 0.0303 0.0281 0.0263 0.0248 0.0235 0.0224 0.0214 0.0205 0.0198 0.0191 0.0185 0.0180 0.0175
1.2 0.71 0.0521 0.0493 0.0463 0.0440 0.0417 0.0399 0.0380 0.0350 0.0325 0.0304 0.0287 0.0272 0.0259 0.0248 0.0238 0.0230 0.0222 0.0215 0.0209 0.0204
1.3 0.76 0.0591 0.0560 0.0526 0.0501 0.0474 0.0454 0.0433 0.0399 0.0371 0.0348 0.0328 0.0311 0.0296 0.0284 0.0273 0.0263 0.0254 0.0246 0.0240 0.0234
1.4 0.82 0.0665 0.0630 0.0592 0.0565 0.0535 0.0512 0.0489 0.0451 0.0419 0.0393 0.0371 0.0352 0.0336 0.0322 0.0309 0.0299 0.0289 0.0280 0.0272 0.0265
1.5 0.88 0.0742 0.0704 0.0662 0.0631 0.0598 0.0574 0.0547 0.0505 0.0470 0.0441 0.0417 0.0396 0.0377 0.0362 0.0348 0.0336 0.0325 0.0315 0.0307 0.0299
1.6 0.94 0.0823 0.0780 0.0735 0.0701 0.0665 0.0637 0.0608 0.0562 0.0524 0.0492 0.0464 0.0441 0.0421 0.0404 0.0388 0.0375 0.0363 0.0352 0.0343 0.0334
1.7 1.00 0.0907 0.0861 0.0811 0.0774 0.0734 0.0704 0.0672 0.0622 0.0579 0.0544 0.0514 0.0489 0.0467 0.0447 0.0431 0.0416 0.0402 0.0390 0.0380 0.0371
1.8 1.06 0.0994 0.0944 0.0889 0.0849 0.0806 0.0773 0.0739 0.0683 0.0637 0.0599 0.0566 0.0538 0.0514 0.0493 0.0475 0.0459 0.0444 0.0431 0.0420 0.0409
1.9 1.12 0.1085 0.1030 0.0971 0.0927 0.0881 0.0845 0.0808 0.0748 0.0698 0.0656 0.0621 0.0590 0.0564 0.0541 0.0521 0.0503 0.0487 0.0473 0.0461 0.0449
2.0 1.18 0.1178 0.1119 0.1056 0.1009 0.0958 0.0920 0.0879 0.0814 0.0760 0.0715 0.0677 0.0644 0.0615 0.0590 0.0569 0.0550 0.0532 0.0516 0.0504 0.0491
2.1 1.23 0.1275 0.1211 0.1143 0.1093 0.1038 0.0997 0.0953 0.0883 0.0825 0.0776 0.0735 0.0699 0.0669 0.0642 0.0618 0.0598 0.0579 0.0562 0.0548 0.0534
2.2 1.29 0.1374 0.1306 0.1233 0.1179 0.1121 0.1077 0.1030 0.0955 0.0892 0.0840 0.0795 0.0757 0.0724 0.0695 0.0670 0.0648 0.0627 0.0609 0.0594 0.0579
2.3 1.35 0.1477 0.1404 0.1326 0.1268 0.1206 0.1159 0.1109 0.1028 0.0961 0.0905 0.0858 0.0816 0.0781 0.0750 0.0723 0.0699 0.0677 0.0657 0.0641 0.0626
2.4 1.41 0.1583 0.1505 0.1422 0.1360 0.1294 0.1244 0.1190 0.1104 0.1033 0.0973 0.0922 0.0878 0.0840 0.0807 0.0778 0.0752 0.0729 0.0708 0.0691 0.0674
2.5 1.47 0.1691 0.1609 0.1521 0.1455 0.1384 0.1331 0.1274 0.1183 0.1106 0.1042 0.0988 0.0941 0.0901 0.0865 0.0834 0.0807 0.0782 0.0760 0.0741 0.0723
2.6 1.53 0.1803 0.1716 0.1622 0.1552 0.1477 0.1421 0.1360 0.1263 0.1182 0.1114 0.1056 0.1006 0.0963 0.0925 0.0892 0.0864 0.0837 0.0813 0.0793 0.0774
2.7 1.59 0.1917 0.1825 0.1726 0.1652 0.1573 0.1513 0.1448 0.1346 0.1260 0.1187 0.1126 0.1073 0.1028 0.0987 0.0952 0.0922 0.0893 0.0868 0.0847 0.0827
2.8 1.65 0.2034 0.1937 0.1832 0.1754 0.1671 0.1607 0.1539 0.1430 0.1339 0.1263 0.1198 0.1142 0.1094 0.1051 0.1014 0.0982 0.0952 0.0925 0.0903 0.0881
2.9 1.70 0.2154 0.2052 0.1941 0.1859 0.1771 0.1704 0.1632 0.1517 0.1421 0.1341 0.1272 0.1213 0.1162 0.1117 0.1077 0.1043 0.1011 0.0983 0.0959 0.0937
3.0 1.76 0.2277 0.2169 0.2053 0.1966 0.1873 0.1803 0.1727 0.1606 0.1505 0.1420 0.1348 0.1285 0.1231 0.1184 0.1142 0.1106 0.1073 0.1042 0.1018 0.0994
3.1 1.82 0.2402 0.2289 0.2167 0.2076 0.1979 0.1904 0.1825 0.1698 0.1591 0.1502 0.1425 0.1360 0.1303 0.1253 0.1209 0.1171 0.1135 0.1104 0.1078 0.1052

3.2 1.88 0.2531 0.2412 0.2284 0.2189 0.2086 0.2008 0.1924 0.1791 0.1679 0.1585 0.1505 0.1436 0.1376 0.1323 0.1277 0.1237 0.1200 0.1166 0.1139 0.1112
—
3.3 1.94 0.2662 0.2537 0.2403 0.2303 0.2196 0.2114 0.2026 0.1886 0.1769 0.1670 0.1586 0.1514 0.1451 0.1395 0.1347 0.1305 0.1266 0.1230 0.1202 0.1173
3.4 2.00 0.2795 0.2665 0.2525 0.2420 0.2308 0.2222 0.2130 0.1984 0.1861 0.1757 0.1669 0.1593 0.1527 0.1469 0.1418 0.1374 0.1333 0.1296 0.1266 0.1236
3.5 2.06 0.2932 0.2796 0.2649 0.2540 0.2422 0.2333 0.2237 0.2084 0.1955 0.1847 0.1754 0.1675 0.1605 0.1545 0.1491 0.1445 0.1402 0.1363 0.1332 0.1301
3.6 2.12 0.3071 0.2929 0.2776 0.2662 0.2539 0.2446 0.2345 0.2185 0.2051 0.1937 0.1841 0.1758 0.1685 0.1622 0.1566 0.1517 0.1472 0.1432 0.1399 0.1366
3.7 2.17 0.3212 0.3065 0.2905 0.2786 0.2658 0.2561 0.2456 0.2289 0.2149 0.2030 0.1930 0.1842 0.1767 0.1700 0.1642 0.1591 0.1544 0.1502 0.1467 0.1433
3.8 2.23 0.3357 0.3203 0.3037 0.2913 0.2780 0.2678 0.2569 0.2395 0.2248 0.2125 0.2020 0.1929 0.1850 0.1781 0.1720 0.1667 0.1618 0.1574 0.1537 0.1502
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3.9 2.29 0.3503 0.3344 0.3171 0.3042 0.2903 0.2797 0.2684 0.2503 0.2350 0.2221 0.2112 0.2017 0.1935 0.1863 0.1799 0.1744 0.1693 0.1647 0.1609 0.1572
4.0 2.35 0.3653 0.3487 0.3307 0.3173 0.3029 0.2919 0.2801 0.2612 0.2454 0.2320 0.2206 0.2107 0.2021 0.1946 0.1880 0.1823 0.1769 0.1721 0.1682 0.1643
5
0.5 0.48 0.0043 0.0040 0.0038 0.0037 0.0036 0.0035 0.0034 0.0033 0.0032 0.0031 0.0030 0.0029 0.0028 0.0028 0.0027 0.0026 0.0026 0.0025 0.0025 0.0025
0.6 0.58 0.0058 0.0055 0.0051 0.0050 0.0049 0.0048 0.0047 0.0045 0.0043 0.0042 0.0041 0.0040 0.0039 0.0038 0.0037 0.0036 0.0036 0.0035 0.0034 0.0034
Appendix G
0.7 0.67 0.0075 0.0071 0.0066 0.0065 0.0063 0.0062 0.0061 0.0058 0.0056 0.0055 0.0053 0.0052 0.0050 0.0049 0.0048 0.0047 0.0046 0.0046 0.0045 0.0044
0.8 0.77 0.0094 0.0089 0.0083 0.0081 0.0079 0.0078 0.0076 0.0073 0.0071 0.0069 0.0067 0.0065 0.0063 0.0062 0.0061 0.0060 0.0058 0.0057 0.0057 0.0056
0.9 0.87 0.0115 0.0108 0.0101 0.0099 0.0097 0.0095 0.0093 0.0090 0.0087 0.0084 0.0082 0.0080 0.0078 0.0076 0.0075 0.0073 0.0072 0.0071 0.0069 0.0068
1.0 0.96 0.0137 0.0130 0.0121 0.0119 0.0116 0.0114 0.0111 0.0107 0.0104 0.0101 0.0098 0.0096 0.0093 0.0091 0.0090 0.0088 0.0086 0.0085 0.0083 0.0082

1.1 1.06 0.0161 0.0152 0.0143 0.0140 0.0137 0.0134 0.0131 0.0127 0.0123 0.0119 0.0116 0.0113 0.0110 0.0108 0.0106 0.0104 0.0102 0.0100 0.0099 0.0097
—
1.2 1.15 0.0187 0.0177 0.0166 0.0162 0.0159 0.0156 0.0152 0.0147 0.0142 0.0138 0.0135 0.0131 0.0128 0.0126 0.0123 0.0121 0.0119 0.0117 0.0115 0.0113
1.3 1.25 0.0214 0.0202 0.0190 0.0186 0.0182 0.0178 0.0175 0.0169 0.0164 0.0159 0.0155 0.0151 0.0147 0.0144 0.0141 0.0139 0.0136 0.0134 0.0132 0.0130
1.4 1.35 0.0242 0.0230 0.0216 0.0211 0.0207 0.0203 0.0199 0.0192 0.0186 0.0181 0.0176 0.0172 0.0168 0.0164 0.0161 0.0158 0.0155 0.0153 0.0151 0.0148
1.5 1.44 0.0272 0.0258 0.0243 0.0238 0.0233 0.0228 0.0224 0.0216 0.0210 0.0204 0.0198 0.0194 0.0189 0.0185 0.0182 0.0178 0.0175 0.0173 0.0170 0.0168
1.6 1.54 0.0304 0.0289 0.0271 0.0266 0.0260 0.0255 0.0250 0.0242 0.0234 0.0228 0.0222 0.0217 0.0212 0.0207 0.0203 0.0200 0.0196 0.0193 0.0190 0.0188
1.7 1.64 0.0337 0.0320 0.0301 0.0295 0.0289 0.0283 0.0278 0.0269 0.0260 0.0253 0.0247 0.0241 0.0236 0.0231 0.0226 0.0222 0.0218 0.0215 0.0212 0.0209
1.8 1.73 0.0372 0.0353 0.0332 0.0325 0.0319 0.0313 0.0307 0.0297 0.0288 0.0280 0.0273 0.0266 0.0260 0.0255 0.0250 0.0246 0.0242 0.0238 0.0234 0.0231
1.9 1.83 0.0408 0.0388 0.0365 0.0357 0.0350 0.0344 0.0337 0.0326 0.0316 0.0307 0.0300 0.0293 0.0286 0.0280 0.0275 0.0270 0.0266 0.0262 0.0258 0.0254
2.0 1.92 0.0445 0.0423 0.0398 0.0390 0.0382 0.0375 0.0368 0.0356 0.0346 0.0336 0.0328 0.0320 0.0313 0.0307 0.0301 0.0296 0.0291 0.0286 0.0282 0.0278
2.1 2.02 0.0484 0.0460 0.0433 0.0425 0.0416 0.0409 0.0401 0.0388 0.0376 0.0366 0.0357 0.0349 0.0341 0.0334 0.0328 0.0322 0.0317 0.0312 0.0308 0.0304

2.2 2.12 0.0524 0.0499 0.0470 0.0461 0.0451 0.0443 0.0435 0.0421 0.0408 0.0397 0.0387 0.0378 0.0370 0.0363 0.0356 0.0350 0.0344 0.0339 0.0334 0.0330
2.3 2.21 0.0566 0.0538 0.0507 0.0497 0.0487 0.0479 0.0470 0.0455 0.0441 0.0429 0.0419 0.0409 0.0400 0.0392 0.0385 0.0379 0.0372 0.0367 0.0361 0.0357
2.4 2.31 0.0609 0.0579 0.0546 0.0535 0.0524 0.0515 0.0506 0.0490 0.0475 0.0463 0.0451 0.0441 0.0431 0.0423 0.0415 0.0408 0.0401 0.0395 0.0390 0.0385
2.5 2.41 0.0653 0.0622 0.0586 0.0575 0.0563 0.0553 0.0543 0.0526 0.0511 0.0497 0.0485 0.0474 0.0464 0.0455 0.0446 0.0439 0.0431 0.0425 0.0419 0.0413
2.6 2.50 0.0699 0.0665 0.0627 0.0615 0.0603 0.0592 0.0582 0.0563 0.0547 0.0532 0.0519 0.0507 0.0497 0.0487 0.0478 0.0470 0.0462 0.0456 0.0449 0.0443
2.7 2.60 0.0746 0.0710 0.0670 0.0657 0.0644 0.0633 0.0621 0.0602 0.0584 0.0569 0.0555 0.0542 0.0531 0.0521 0.0511 0.0503 0.0494 0.0487 0.0480 0.0474
2.8 2.69 0.0794 0.0756 0.0713 0.0700 0.0686 0.0674 0.0662 0.0641 0.0623 0.0606 0.0592 0.0578 0.0566 0.0555 0.0545 0.0536 0.0527 0.0520 0.0512 0.0506
2.9 2.79 0.0844 0.0804 0.0758 0.0744 0.0729 0.0717 0.0704 0.0682 0.0662 0.0645 0.0629 0.0615 0.0602 0.0591 0.0580 0.0570 0.0561 0.0553 0.0545 0.0538
3.0 2.89 0.0894 0.0852 0.0804 0.0789 0.0773 0.0760 0.0747 0.0723 0.0703 0.0684 0.0668 0.0653 0.0640 0.0627 0.0616 0.0606 0.0596 0.0587 0.0579 0.0572
3.1 2.98 0.0947 0.0902 0.0852 0.0836 0.0819 0.0805 0.0791 0.0766 0.0744 0.0725 0.0708 0.0692 0.0678 0.0665 0.0653 0.0642 0.0632 0.0623 0.0614 0.0606
3.2 3.08 0.1000 0.0953 0.0900 0.0883 0.0866 0.0851 0.0836 0.0810 0.0787 0.0767 0.0748 0.0732 0.0717 0.0703 0.0691 0.0679 0.0668 0.0659 0.0650 0.0641
3.3 3.18 0.1055 0.1005 0.0950 0.0932 0.0913 0.0898 0.0882 0.0855 0.0831 0.0809 0.0790 0.0773 0.0757 0.0743 0.0729 0.0717 0.0706 0.0696 0.0686 0.0677
3.4 3.27 0.1111 0.1059 0.1000 0.0982 0.0962 0.0946 0.0930 0.0901 0.0876 0.0853 0.0833 0.0815 0.0798 0.0783 0.0769 0.0756 0.0744 0.0734 0.0724 0.0714
3.5 3.37 0.1168 0.1114 0.1052 0.1033 0.1012 0.0996 0.0978 0.0948 0.0921 0.0898 0.0877 0.0857 0.0840 0.0824 0.0810 0.0796 0.0784 0.0773 0.0762 0.0752
3.6 3.46 0.1226 0.1169 0.1105 0.1085 0.1064 0.1046 0.1028 0.0996 0.0968 0.0943 0.0921 0.0901 0.0883 0.0866 0.0851 0.0837 0.0824 0.0812 0.0801 0.0791
3.7 3.56 0.1286 0.1226 0.1159 0.1138 0.1116 0.1097 0.1078 0.1045 0.1016 0.0990 0.0967 0.0946 0.0927 0.0910 0.0894 0.0879 0.0865 0.0853 0.0841 0.0831
339
340
5
3.8 3.66 0.1347 0.1285 0.1215 0.1192 0.1169 0.1150 0.1130 0.1095 0.1065 0.1038 0.1014 0.0992 0.0972 0.0954 0.0937 0.0922 0.0907 0.0894 0.0882 0.0871
3.9 3.75 0.1409 0.1344 0.1271 0.1248 0.1224 0.1204 0.1183 0.1147 0.1115 0.1087 0.1061 0.1038 0.1017 0.0999 0.0981 0.0965 0.0950 0.0937 0.0924 0.0913
Appendix G
4.0 3.85 0.1472 0.1405 0.1328 0.1304 0.1279 0.1258 0.1236 0.1199 0.1166 0.1136 0.1110 0.1086 0.1064 0.1045 0.1026 0.1010 0.0994 0.0980 0.0967 0.0955
4.1 3.95 0.1537 0.1466 0.1387 0.1362 0.1336 0.1314 0.1291 0.1252 0.1218 0.1187 0.1159 0.1134 0.1112 0.1091 0.1072 0.1055 0.1039 0.1024 0.1011 0.0998
4.2 4.04 0.1602 0.1529 0.1447 0.1421 0.1393 0.1371 0.1347 0.1306 0.1271 0.1239 0.1210 0.1184 0.1160 0.1139 0.1119 0.1101 0.1085 0.1069 0.1055 0.1042
4.3 4.14 0.1669 0.1593 0.1508 0.1481 0.1452 0.1429 0.1404 0.1362 0.1325 0.1291 0.1261 0.1234 0.1210 0.1188 0.1167 0.1149 0.1131 0.1115 0.1100 0.1087
4.4 4.23 0.1737 0.1659 0.1570 0.1541 0.1512 0.1487 0.1462 0.1418 0.1379 0.1345 0.1314 0.1286 0.1260 0.1237 0.1216 0.1197 0.1178 0.1162 0.1147 0.1132
4.5 4.33 0.1806 0.1725 0.1633 0.1603 0.1573 0.1547 0.1521 0.1475 0.1435 0.1399 0.1367 0.1338 0.1312 0.1288 0.1266 0.1246 0.1227 0.1209 0.1194 0.1179
4.6 4.43 0.1877 0.1792 0.1697 0.1666 0.1635 0.1608 0.1581 0.1534 0.1492 0.1455 0.1422 0.1391 0.1364 0.1339 0.1316 0.1295 0.1276 0.1258 0.1241 0.1226
4.7 4.52 0.1949 0.1861 0.1762 0.1730 0.1698 0.1670 0.1642 0.1593 0.1550 0.1511 0.1477 0.1446 0.1417 0.1391 0.1368 0.1346 0.1326 0.1307 0.1290 0.1274
4.8 4.62 0.2021 0.1931 0.1828 0.1796 0.1762 0.1733 0.1704 0.1653 0.1609 0.1569 0.1533 0.1501 0.1471 0.1445 0.1420 0.1398 0.1376 0.1357 0.1340 0.1323
4.9 4.72 0.2095 0.2002 0.1895 0.1862 0.1827 0.1797 0.1767 0.1715 0.1668 0.1627 0.1590 0.1557 0.1526 0.1499 0.1473 0.1450 0.1428 0.1408 0.1390 0.1373
5.0 4.81 0.2170 0.2074 0.1964 0.1929 0.1893 0.1863 0.1831 0.1777 0.1729 0.1686 0.1648 0.1614 0.1582 0.1554 0.1527 0.1503 0.1481 0.1460 0.1441 0.1424
5.1 4.91 0.2247 0.2147 0.2033 0.1997 0.1960 0.1929 0.1896 0.1840 0.1791 0.1747 0.1707 0.1671 0.1639 0.1609 0.1582 0.1557 0.1534 0.1513 0.1493 0.1475
5.2 5.00 0.2324 0.2221 0.2104 0.2067 0.2028 0.1996 0.1962 0.1904 0.1854 0.1808 0.1767 0.1730 0.1697 0.1666 0.1638 0.1612 0.1588 0.1566 0.1546 0.1527
5.3 5.10 0.2402 0.2296 0.2175 0.2137 0.2097 0.2064 0.2029 0.1970 0.1917 0.1870 0.1828 0.1790 0.1755 0.1724 0.1695 0.1668 0.1643 0.1621 0.1600 0.1580
5.4 5.20 0.2482 0.2372 0.2248 0.2209 0.2167 0.2133 0.2097 0.2036 0.1982 0.1933 0.1890 0.1850 0.1815 0.1782 0.1752 0.1725 0.1699 0.1676 0.1654 0.1634

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5
0.5 0.48 0.0064 0.0061 0.0058 0.0056 0.0053 0.0051 0.0049 0.0046 0.0043 0.0041 0.0039 0.0037 0.0036 0.0035 0.0034 0.0032 0.0032 0.0031 0.0030 0.0029
0.6 0.58 0.0085 0.0082 0.0078 0.0075 0.0072 0.0069 0.0066 0.0062 0.0059 0.0056 0.0053 0.0051 0.0049 0.0047 0.0046 0.0044 0.0043 0.0042 0.0041 0.0040
Appendix G
0.7 0.67 0.0109 0.0105 0.0100 0.0096 0.0092 0.0089 0.0086 0.0080 0.0076 0.0072 0.0069 0.0066 0.0063 0.0061 0.0059 0.0058 0.0056 0.0055 0.0053 0.0052
0.8 0.77 0.0136 0.0130 0.0124 0.0120 0.0115 0.0111 0.0107 0.0100 0.0095 0.0090 0.0086 0.0083 0.0079 0.0077 0.0074 0.0072 0.0070 0.0069 0.0067 0.0066
0.9 0.87 0.0164 0.0158 0.0151 0.0145 0.0140 0.0135 0.0130 0.0122 0.0116 0.0110 0.0105 0.0101 0.0097 0.0094 0.0091 0.0088 0.0086 0.0084 0.0082 0.0081
1.0 0.96 0.0195 0.0187 0.0179 0.0173 0.0166 0.0161 0.0155 0.0146 0.0138 0.0131 0.0125 0.0121 0.0116 0.0112 0.0109 0.0106 0.0103 0.0101 0.0098 0.0097

1.1 1.06 0.0228 0.0219 0.0210 0.0202 0.0195 0.0188 0.0182 0.0171 0.0162 0.0154 0.0148 0.0142 0.0137 0.0132 0.0128 0.0125 0.0122 0.0119 0.0116 0.0114
—
1.2 1.15 0.0263 0.0253 0.0242 0.0234 0.0225 0.0218 0.0210 0.0198 0.0188 0.0179 0.0171 0.0165 0.0159 0.0153 0.0149 0.0145 0.0141 0.0138 0.0135 0.0133
1.3 1.25 0.0300 0.0289 0.0277 0.0267 0.0257 0.0249 0.0241 0.0227 0.0215 0.0205 0.0196 0.0189 0.0182 0.0176 0.0171 0.0167 0.0162 0.0159 0.0155 0.0153
1.4 1.35 0.0340 0.0327 0.0313 0.0302 0.0291 0.0282 0.0273 0.0257 0.0244 0.0233 0.0223 0.0214 0.0207 0.0200 0.0195 0.0189 0.0185 0.0180 0.0176 0.0174
1.5 1.44 0.0381 0.0366 0.0351 0.0339 0.0327 0.0317 0.0306 0.0289 0.0274 0.0262 0.0251 0.0241 0.0233 0.0225 0.0219 0.0213 0.0208 0.0203 0.0199 0.0196
1.6 1.54 0.0424 0.0408 0.0391 0.0378 0.0364 0.0353 0.0342 0.0322 0.0306 0.0292 0.0280 0.0270 0.0260 0.0252 0.0245 0.0239 0.0233 0.0228 0.0223 0.0219
1.7 1.64 0.0469 0.0451 0.0433 0.0419 0.0404 0.0391 0.0378 0.0357 0.0339 0.0324 0.0311 0.0299 0.0289 0.0280 0.0272 0.0265 0.0258 0.0253 0.0248 0.0243
1.8 1.73 0.0515 0.0497 0.0476 0.0461 0.0444 0.0431 0.0417 0.0394 0.0374 0.0357 0.0343 0.0330 0.0319 0.0309 0.0301 0.0293 0.0286 0.0279 0.0273 0.0269
1.9 1.83 0.0564 0.0544 0.0522 0.0505 0.0487 0.0472 0.0457 0.0432 0.0411 0.0392 0.0376 0.0362 0.0350 0.0339 0.0330 0.0322 0.0314 0.0307 0.0301 0.0296
2.0 1.92 0.0614 0.0592 0.0569 0.0550 0.0531 0.0515 0.0498 0.0471 0.0448 0.0428 0.0411 0.0396 0.0383 0.0371 0.0361 0.0352 0.0343 0.0336 0.0329 0.0324
2.1 2.02 0.0667 0.0643 0.0617 0.0598 0.0577 0.0560 0.0542 0.0512 0.0487 0.0466 0.0447 0.0431 0.0417 0.0404 0.0393 0.0383 0.0374 0.0366 0.0358 0.0352

2.2 2.12 0.0721 0.0695 0.0668 0.0646 0.0624 0.0606 0.0586 0.0555 0.0528 0.0504 0.0484 0.0467 0.0452 0.0437 0.0426 0.0415 0.0405 0.0397 0.0389 0.0382
2.3 2.21 0.0776 0.0749 0.0720 0.0697 0.0673 0.0653 0.0632 0.0599 0.0570 0.0545 0.0523 0.0504 0.0488 0.0473 0.0461 0.0449 0.0438 0.0429 0.0420 0.0413
2.4 2.31 0.0834 0.0805 0.0773 0.0749 0.0723 0.0702 0.0680 0.0644 0.0613 0.0586 0.0563 0.0543 0.0525 0.0509 0.0496 0.0483 0.0472 0.0462 0.0453 0.0445
2.5 2.41 0.0893 0.0862 0.0828 0.0803 0.0775 0.0753 0.0729 0.0690 0.0657 0.0629 0.0604 0.0583 0.0564 0.0547 0.0533 0.0519 0.0507 0.0496 0.0486 0.0479
2.6 2.50 0.0954 0.0921 0.0885 0.0858 0.0828 0.0805 0.0779 0.0738 0.0703 0.0673 0.0646 0.0624 0.0604 0.0585 0.0570 0.0556 0.0543 0.0532 0.0521 0.0513
2.7 2.60 0.1016 0.0981 0.0944 0.0914 0.0883 0.0858 0.0831 0.0788 0.0750 0.0718 0.0690 0.0666 0.0645 0.0625 0.0609 0.0594 0.0580 0.0568 0.0557 0.0548
2.8 2.69 0.1081 0.1044 0.1004 0.0973 0.0940 0.0913 0.0885 0.0839 0.0799 0.0765 0.0735 0.0709 0.0687 0.0666 0.0649 0.0633 0.0618 0.0606 0.0593 0.0584
2.9 2.79 0.1147 0.1107 0.1065 0.1033 0.0998 0.0969 0.0939 0.0891 0.0849 0.0813 0.0781 0.0754 0.0730 0.0708 0.0690 0.0673 0.0657 0.0644 0.0631 0.0621
3.0 2.89 0.1214 0.1173 0.1128 0.1094 0.1057 0.1027 0.0996 0.0944 0.0900 0.0862 0.0828 0.0800 0.0774 0.0751 0.0733 0.0714 0.0698 0.0684 0.0670 0.0660
3.1 2.98 0.1283 0.1240 0.1193 0.1157 0.1118 0.1087 0.1053 0.0999 0.0952 0.0912 0.0877 0.0847 0.0820 0.0796 0.0776 0.0757 0.0739 0.0724 0.0710 0.0699
3.2 3.08 0.1354 0.1308 0.1259 0.1221 0.1180 0.1147 0.1112 0.1055 0.1006 0.0964 0.0927 0.0895 0.0867 0.0841 0.0820 0.0800 0.0781 0.0766 0.0751 0.0739
3.3 3.18 0.1426 0.1378 0.1327 0.1287 0.1244 0.1209 0.1172 0.1113 0.1061 0.1017 0.0978 0.0944 0.0915 0.0888 0.0866 0.0845 0.0825 0.0809 0.0792 0.0781
3.4 3.27 0.1500 0.1450 0.1396 0.1354 0.1309 0.1273 0.1234 0.1171 0.1117 0.1071 0.1030 0.0995 0.0964 0.0935 0.0912 0.0890 0.0869 0.0852 0.0835 0.0823
3.5 3.37 0.1576 0.1523 0.1467 0.1423 0.1376 0.1338 0.1297 0.1231 0.1175 0.1126 0.1083 0.1046 0.1014 0.0984 0.0960 0.0937 0.0915 0.0897 0.0879 0.0866
3.6 3.46 0.1653 0.1598 0.1539 0.1493 0.1444 0.1404 0.1362 0.1293 0.1234 0.1182 0.1137 0.1099 0.1065 0.1034 0.1009 0.0984 0.0961 0.0943 0.0924 0.0910
3.7 3.56 0.1732 0.1674 0.1612 0.1564 0.1513 0.1472 0.1427 0.1355 0.1293 0.1240 0.1193 0.1153 0.1117 0.1085 0.1058 0.1033 0.1009 0.0989 0.0970 0.0955
3.8 3.66 0.1812 0.1752 0.1687 0.1637 0.1584 0.1541 0.1494 0.1419 0.1355 0.1299 0.1250 0.1208 0.1171 0.1136 0.1109 0.1082 0.1058 0.1037 0.1017 0.1002
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3.9 3.75 0.1893 0.1831 0.1764 0.1712 0.1656 0.1611 0.1563 0.1485 0.1417 0.1359 0.1308 0.1264 0.1225 0.1189 0.1161 0.1133 0.1107 0.1086 0.1064 0.1049
4.0 3.85 0.1977 0.1912 0.1842 0.1788 0.1729 0.1683 0.1632 0.1551 0.1481 0.1420 0.1367 0.1321 0.1281 0.1244 0.1214 0.1185 0.1158 0.1135 0.1113 0.1097
Appendix G
4.1 3.95 0.2061 0.1994 0.1921 0.1865 0.1804 0.1756 0.1703 0.1619 0.1546 0.1482 0.1427 0.1380 0.1337 0.1299 0.1268 0.1237 0.1209 0.1186 0.1163 0.1146
4.2 4.04 0.2148 0.2077 0.2002 0.1943 0.1881 0.1830 0.1776 0.1688 0.1612 0.1546 0.1488 0.1439 0.1395 0.1355 0.1323 0.1291 0.1262 0.1238 0.1214 0.1196
4.3 4.14 0.2235 0.2163 0.2084 0.2023 0.1958 0.1906 0.1849 0.1758 0.1679 0.1611 0.1551 0.1500 0.1454 0.1412 0.1379 0.1346 0.1315 0.1290 0.1265 0.1247
4.4 4.23 0.2325 0.2249 0.2168 0.2105 0.2037 0.1983 0.1924 0.1829 0.1747 0.1677 0.1614 0.1561 0.1514 0.1470 0.1435 0.1401 0.1370 0.1344 0.1318 0.1299
4.5 4.33 0.2415 0.2337 0.2253 0.2188 0.2118 0.2061 0.2000 0.1902 0.1817 0.1744 0.1679 0.1624 0.1575 0.1530 0.1493 0.1458 0.1425 0.1398 0.1371 0.1351
4.6 4.43 0.2508 0.2427 0.2340 0.2272 0.2199 0.2141 0.2078 0.1976 0.1888 0.1812 0.1745 0.1688 0.1637 0.1590 0.1552 0.1516 0.1482 0.1454 0.1426 0.1405
4.7 4.52 0.2601 0.2517 0.2427 0.2357 0.2282 0.2221 0.2157 0.2051 0.1960 0.1881 0.1812 0.1753 0.1700 0.1651 0.1612 0.1574 0.1539 0.1510 0.1481 0.1460
4.8 4.62 0.2696 0.2610 0.2517 0.2444 0.2366 0.2304 0.2237 0.2127 0.2033 0.1951 0.1880 0.1819 0.1764 0.1714 0.1673 0.1634 0.1598 0.1567 0.1537 0.1515
4.9 4.72 0.2793 0.2704 0.2607 0.2532 0.2452 0.2387 0.2318 0.2205 0.2107 0.2023 0.1949 0.1886 0.1829 0.1777 0.1735 0.1695 0.1657 0.1626 0.1595 0.1572
5.0 4.81 0.2891 0.2799 0.2699 0.2622 0.2539 0.2472 0.2400 0.2284 0.2183 0.2096 0.2019 0.1954 0.1895 0.1841 0.1798 0.1756 0.1717 0.1685 0.1653 0.1629

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5
0.5 0.48 0.0078 0.0074 0.0070 0.0066 0.0063 0.0060 0.0057 0.0053 0.0049 0.0046 0.0043 0.0041 0.0039 0.0038 0.0036 0.0035 0.0034 0.0035 0.0034 0.0033
0.6 0.58 0.0104 0.0099 0.0093 0.0089 0.0084 0.0080 0.0077 0.0071 0.0066 0.0062 0.0059 0.0056 0.0053 0.0051 0.0049 0.0048 0.0046 0.0048 0.0047 0.0045
Appendix G
0.7 0.67 0.0133 0.0126 0.0119 0.0113 0.0108 0.0103 0.0099 0.0091 0.0085 0.0080 0.0076 0.0072 0.0069 0.0066 0.0064 0.0062 0.0060 0.0062 0.0061 0.0059
0.8 0.77 0.0165 0.0156 0.0147 0.0141 0.0134 0.0128 0.0123 0.0114 0.0106 0.0100 0.0095 0.0090 0.0086 0.0083 0.0080 0.0077 0.0075 0.0078 0.0076 0.0074
0.9 0.87 0.0199 0.0189 0.0178 0.0170 0.0162 0.0156 0.0149 0.0138 0.0129 0.0122 0.0115 0.0110 0.0105 0.0101 0.0098 0.0095 0.0092 0.0096 0.0093 0.0091
1.0 0.96 0.0236 0.0224 0.0212 0.0202 0.0193 0.0185 0.0177 0.0164 0.0154 0.0145 0.0138 0.0131 0.0126 0.0121 0.0117 0.0113 0.0110 0.0114 0.0111 0.0108

1.1 1.06 0.0275 0.0262 0.0247 0.0236 0.0225 0.0217 0.0207 0.0193 0.0181 0.0170 0.0162 0.0154 0.0148 0.0142 0.0138 0.0133 0.0129 0.0135 0.0131 0.0128
—
1.2 1.15 0.0317 0.0301 0.0285 0.0273 0.0260 0.0250 0.0240 0.0223 0.0209 0.0197 0.0188 0.0179 0.0172 0.0165 0.0160 0.0155 0.0150 0.0156 0.0152 0.0148
1.3 1.25 0.0360 0.0343 0.0325 0.0311 0.0297 0.0285 0.0274 0.0255 0.0239 0.0226 0.0215 0.0205 0.0197 0.0189 0.0183 0.0178 0.0172 0.0179 0.0175 0.0170
1.4 1.35 0.0407 0.0387 0.0367 0.0352 0.0335 0.0323 0.0310 0.0288 0.0271 0.0256 0.0244 0.0233 0.0223 0.0215 0.0208 0.0202 0.0196 0.0204 0.0199 0.0194
1.5 1.44 0.0455 0.0434 0.0411 0.0394 0.0376 0.0362 0.0347 0.0324 0.0304 0.0288 0.0274 0.0262 0.0251 0.0242 0.0234 0.0227 0.0221 0.0230 0.0224 0.0218
1.6 1.54 0.0506 0.0482 0.0457 0.0438 0.0418 0.0403 0.0387 0.0361 0.0339 0.0321 0.0306 0.0292 0.0281 0.0270 0.0262 0.0254 0.0247 0.0257 0.0250 0.0244
1.7 1.64 0.0558 0.0533 0.0505 0.0485 0.0463 0.0446 0.0428 0.0400 0.0376 0.0356 0.0339 0.0324 0.0311 0.0300 0.0291 0.0282 0.0274 0.0285 0.0278 0.0271
1.8 1.73 0.0613 0.0585 0.0555 0.0533 0.0509 0.0491 0.0471 0.0440 0.0414 0.0392 0.0374 0.0357 0.0344 0.0331 0.0321 0.0312 0.0303 0.0314 0.0307 0.0299
1.9 1.83 0.0670 0.0640 0.0607 0.0583 0.0557 0.0537 0.0516 0.0482 0.0454 0.0430 0.0410 0.0392 0.0377 0.0363 0.0352 0.0342 0.0333 0.0345 0.0337 0.0329
2.0 1.92 0.0729 0.0697 0.0661 0.0635 0.0607 0.0586 0.0563 0.0526 0.0495 0.0470 0.0448 0.0428 0.0412 0.0397 0.0385 0.0374 0.0364 0.0377 0.0368 0.0359
2.1 2.02 0.0791 0.0755 0.0717 0.0689 0.0659 0.0635 0.0611 0.0571 0.0538 0.0510 0.0487 0.0466 0.0448 0.0432 0.0419 0.0407 0.0396 0.0411 0.0401 0.0391

2.2 2.12 0.0854 0.0816 0.0775 0.0745 0.0712 0.0687 0.0661 0.0618 0.0582 0.0553 0.0527 0.0504 0.0485 0.0468 0.0454 0.0441 0.0429 0.0445 0.0435 0.0424
2.3 2.21 0.0919 0.0878 0.0834 0.0802 0.0767 0.0741 0.0712 0.0666 0.0628 0.0596 0.0569 0.0545 0.0524 0.0506 0.0490 0.0477 0.0464 0.0481 0.0470 0.0458
2.4 2.31 0.0986 0.0943 0.0896 0.0861 0.0824 0.0796 0.0765 0.0716 0.0675 0.0641 0.0612 0.0586 0.0564 0.0544 0.0528 0.0514 0.0499 0.0518 0.0506 0.0494
2.5 2.41 0.1055 0.1009 0.0959 0.0922 0.0883 0.0852 0.0820 0.0768 0.0724 0.0688 0.0656 0.0629 0.0605 0.0584 0.0567 0.0551 0.0536 0.0556 0.0543 0.0530
2.6 2.50 0.1126 0.1077 0.1024 0.0985 0.0943 0.0911 0.0876 0.0821 0.0774 0.0736 0.0702 0.0673 0.0648 0.0625 0.0607 0.0590 0.0574 0.0595 0.0581 0.0568
2.7 2.60 0.1199 0.1147 0.1091 0.1049 0.1005 0.0971 0.0934 0.0875 0.0826 0.0785 0.0749 0.0718 0.0692 0.0668 0.0648 0.0631 0.0613 0.0636 0.0621 0.0606
2.8 2.69 0.1273 0.1219 0.1159 0.1115 0.1068 0.1032 0.0993 0.0931 0.0879 0.0835 0.0798 0.0765 0.0737 0.0711 0.0690 0.0672 0.0653 0.0677 0.0662 0.0646
2.9 2.79 0.1350 0.1292 0.1230 0.1183 0.1133 0.1095 0.1054 0.0989 0.0934 0.0887 0.0848 0.0813 0.0783 0.0756 0.0734 0.0714 0.0695 0.0720 0.0703 0.0687
3.0 2.89 0.1428 0.1367 0.1302 0.1253 0.1200 0.1160 0.1117 0.1048 0.0989 0.0941 0.0899 0.0862 0.0830 0.0802 0.0778 0.0758 0.0737 0.0764 0.0746 0.0729
3.1 2.98 0.1509 0.1445 0.1375 0.1324 0.1269 0.1226 0.1181 0.1108 0.1047 0.0995 0.0951 0.0912 0.0879 0.0849 0.0824 0.0802 0.0781 0.0809 0.0790 0.0772
3.2 3.08 0.1591 0.1523 0.1451 0.1397 0.1339 0.1294 0.1246 0.1170 0.1105 0.1051 0.1005 0.0964 0.0929 0.0897 0.0871 0.0848 0.0826 0.0855 0.0836 0.0817
3.3 3.18 0.1674 0.1604 0.1528 0.1471 0.1410 0.1363 0.1313 0.1233 0.1165 0.1109 0.1060 0.1017 0.0980 0.0947 0.0919 0.0895 0.0871 0.0902 0.0882 0.0862
3.4 3.27 0.1760 0.1686 0.1607 0.1547 0.1483 0.1434 0.1382 0.1298 0.1227 0.1167 0.1116 0.1071 0.1032 0.0998 0.0968 0.0943 0.0918 0.0951 0.0929 0.0908
3.5 3.37 0.1848 0.1771 0.1687 0.1625 0.1558 0.1507 0.1452 0.1364 0.1289 0.1227 0.1173 0.1126 0.1085 0.1049 0.1019 0.0992 0.0966 0.1000 0.0978 0.0956
3.6 3.46 0.1937 0.1856 0.1769 0.1704 0.1634 0.1581 0.1523 0.1431 0.1353 0.1288 0.1232 0.1182 0.1140 0.1102 0.1070 0.1043 0.1015 0.1051 0.1027 0.1004
3.7 3.56 0.2028 0.1944 0.1853 0.1785 0.1712 0.1656 0.1596 0.1500 0.1419 0.1351 0.1292 0.1240 0.1196 0.1156 0.1123 0.1094 0.1065 0.1103 0.1078 0.1054
3.8 3.66 0.2121 0.2033 0.1938 0.1868 0.1791 0.1733 0.1671 0.1570 0.1485 0.1414 0.1353 0.1299 0.1253 0.1211 0.1176 0.1146 0.1116 0.1155 0.1129 0.1104
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3.9 3.75 0.2215 0.2124 0.2025 0.1952 0.1872 0.1812 0.1747 0.1642 0.1553 0.1479 0.1415 0.1359 0.1311 0.1267 0.1231 0.1200 0.1168 0.1209 0.1182 0.1156
4.0 3.85 0.2311 0.2216 0.2114 0.2037 0.1955 0.1892 0.1824 0.1715 0.1623 0.1546 0.1479 0.1420 0.1370 0.1325 0.1287 0.1254 0.1221 0.1264 0.1236 0.1208
Appendix G
4.1 3.95 0.2409 0.2311 0.2204 0.2124 0.2039 0.1973 0.1903 0.1789 0.1693 0.1613 0.1544 0.1482 0.1430 0.1383 0.1344 0.1310 0.1275 0.1320 0.1291 0.1262
4.2 4.04 0.2509 0.2406 0.2296 0.2213 0.2124 0.2056 0.1983 0.1865 0.1765 0.1682 0.1610 0.1546 0.1492 0.1443 0.1402 0.1366 0.1331 0.1377 0.1347 0.1317
4.3 4.14 0.2610 0.2504 0.2389 0.2303 0.2211 0.2140 0.2064 0.1942 0.1838 0.1752 0.1677 0.1611 0.1554 0.1504 0.1461 0.1424 0.1387 0.1435 0.1403 0.1372
4.4 4.23 0.2713 0.2603 0.2484 0.2395 0.2299 0.2226 0.2147 0.2020 0.1913 0.1823 0.1745 0.1676 0.1618 0.1565 0.1521 0.1483 0.1444 0.1494 0.1461 0.1429
4.5 4.33 0.2818 0.2704 0.2580 0.2488 0.2389 0.2313 0.2231 0.2100 0.1989 0.1895 0.1815 0.1743 0.1683 0.1628 0.1582 0.1542 0.1503 0.1554 0.1520 0.1487
4.6 4.43 0.2924 0.2806 0.2678 0.2583 0.2480 0.2402 0.2317 0.2181 0.2066 0.1969 0.1886 0.1812 0.1749 0.1692 0.1644 0.1603 0.1562 0.1616 0.1580 0.1546
4.7 4.52 0.3032 0.2910 0.2778 0.2679 0.2573 0.2492 0.2404 0.2263 0.2144 0.2044 0.1957 0.1881 0.1816 0.1757 0.1708 0.1665 0.1622 0.1678 0.1641 0.1605

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5
0.5 0.48 0.0093 0.0088 0.0082 0.0077 0.0073 0.0069 0.0066 0.0060 0.0055 0.0052 0.0048 0.0046 0.0043 0.0041 0.0039 0.0038 0.0037 0.0035 0.0034 0.0033
0.6 0.58 0.0123 0.0116 0.0109 0.0103 0.0097 0.0093 0.0088 0.0081 0.0075 0.0069 0.0065 0.0062 0.0059 0.0056 0.0054 0.0052 0.0050 0.0048 0.0047 0.0045
Appendix G
0.7 0.67 0.0157 0.0148 0.0139 0.0132 0.0124 0.0119 0.0113 0.0104 0.0096 0.0090 0.0084 0.0080 0.0076 0.0072 0.0069 0.0067 0.0064 0.0062 0.0061 0.0059
0.8 0.77 0.0193 0.0183 0.0171 0.0163 0.0154 0.0147 0.0140 0.0129 0.0119 0.0112 0.0105 0.0099 0.0095 0.0090 0.0087 0.0084 0.0081 0.0078 0.0076 0.0074
0.9 0.87 0.0233 0.0220 0.0207 0.0197 0.0186 0.0178 0.0170 0.0156 0.0145 0.0136 0.0128 0.0121 0.0115 0.0110 0.0106 0.0102 0.0099 0.0096 0.0093 0.0091
1.0 0.96 0.0275 0.0260 0.0245 0.0233 0.0221 0.0211 0.0201 0.0186 0.0172 0.0162 0.0152 0.0145 0.0138 0.0132 0.0127 0.0122 0.0118 0.0114 0.0111 0.0108

1.1 1.06 0.0320 0.0303 0.0285 0.0272 0.0258 0.0247 0.0235 0.0217 0.0202 0.0189 0.0179 0.0170 0.0162 0.0155 0.0149 0.0144 0.0139 0.0135 0.0131 0.0128
—
1.2 1.15 0.0368 0.0349 0.0328 0.0313 0.0297 0.0284 0.0271 0.0251 0.0233 0.0219 0.0207 0.0196 0.0187 0.0180 0.0173 0.0167 0.0161 0.0156 0.0152 0.0148
1.3 1.25 0.0418 0.0397 0.0374 0.0356 0.0338 0.0324 0.0310 0.0286 0.0267 0.0250 0.0237 0.0225 0.0215 0.0206 0.0198 0.0191 0.0185 0.0179 0.0175 0.0170
1.4 1.35 0.0471 0.0447 0.0421 0.0402 0.0382 0.0366 0.0350 0.0324 0.0302 0.0284 0.0268 0.0255 0.0243 0.0233 0.0225 0.0217 0.0210 0.0204 0.0199 0.0194
1.5 1.44 0.0526 0.0500 0.0471 0.0450 0.0427 0.0410 0.0392 0.0363 0.0339 0.0318 0.0301 0.0286 0.0274 0.0263 0.0253 0.0244 0.0237 0.0230 0.0224 0.0218
1.6 1.54 0.0584 0.0555 0.0523 0.0500 0.0475 0.0456 0.0436 0.0404 0.0377 0.0355 0.0336 0.0320 0.0306 0.0293 0.0282 0.0273 0.0264 0.0257 0.0250 0.0244
1.7 1.64 0.0644 0.0612 0.0578 0.0552 0.0525 0.0504 0.0482 0.0447 0.0418 0.0393 0.0372 0.0354 0.0339 0.0325 0.0313 0.0303 0.0293 0.0285 0.0278 0.0271
1.8 1.73 0.0707 0.0672 0.0635 0.0607 0.0577 0.0554 0.0530 0.0492 0.0460 0.0433 0.0410 0.0391 0.0374 0.0359 0.0346 0.0334 0.0324 0.0314 0.0307 0.0299
1.9 1.83 0.0771 0.0734 0.0693 0.0663 0.0631 0.0606 0.0580 0.0539 0.0504 0.0474 0.0450 0.0428 0.0410 0.0393 0.0379 0.0367 0.0356 0.0345 0.0337 0.0329
2.0 1.92 0.0838 0.0798 0.0754 0.0722 0.0687 0.0660 0.0632 0.0587 0.0549 0.0517 0.0491 0.0467 0.0447 0.0430 0.0414 0.0401 0.0389 0.0377 0.0368 0.0359
2.1 2.02 0.0908 0.0864 0.0817 0.0782 0.0745 0.0716 0.0686 0.0637 0.0596 0.0562 0.0533 0.0508 0.0486 0.0467 0.0451 0.0436 0.0423 0.0411 0.0401 0.0391

2.2 2.12 0.0979 0.0933 0.0882 0.0845 0.0804 0.0774 0.0741 0.0689 0.0645 0.0608 0.0577 0.0550 0.0527 0.0506 0.0488 0.0473 0.0458 0.0445 0.0435 0.0424
2.3 2.21 0.1053 0.1003 0.0949 0.0909 0.0866 0.0833 0.0798 0.0742 0.0695 0.0656 0.0622 0.0594 0.0568 0.0546 0.0527 0.0510 0.0495 0.0481 0.0470 0.0458
2.4 2.31 0.1129 0.1076 0.1018 0.0976 0.0930 0.0895 0.0857 0.0797 0.0747 0.0705 0.0669 0.0638 0.0612 0.0588 0.0567 0.0550 0.0533 0.0518 0.0506 0.0494
2.5 2.41 0.1207 0.1150 0.1089 0.1044 0.0995 0.0958 0.0918 0.0854 0.0801 0.0756 0.0718 0.0685 0.0656 0.0631 0.0609 0.0590 0.0572 0.0556 0.0543 0.0530
2.6 2.50 0.1287 0.1227 0.1162 0.1114 0.1062 0.1023 0.0980 0.0913 0.0856 0.0808 0.0767 0.0732 0.0702 0.0675 0.0652 0.0631 0.0612 0.0595 0.0581 0.0568
2.7 2.60 0.1370 0.1306 0.1237 0.1186 0.1131 0.1089 0.1044 0.0973 0.0913 0.0862 0.0819 0.0781 0.0749 0.0721 0.0696 0.0674 0.0654 0.0636 0.0621 0.0606
2.8 2.69 0.1454 0.1387 0.1314 0.1260 0.1202 0.1158 0.1110 0.1034 0.0971 0.0917 0.0871 0.0832 0.0797 0.0767 0.0741 0.0718 0.0697 0.0677 0.0662 0.0646
2.9 2.79 0.1540 0.1470 0.1393 0.1336 0.1275 0.1228 0.1178 0.1098 0.1030 0.0974 0.0925 0.0884 0.0847 0.0815 0.0787 0.0763 0.0740 0.0720 0.0703 0.0687
3.0 2.89 0.1629 0.1554 0.1474 0.1414 0.1349 0.1300 0.1247 0.1163 0.1092 0.1032 0.0981 0.0937 0.0898 0.0865 0.0835 0.0809 0.0786 0.0764 0.0746 0.0729
3.1 2.98 0.1719 0.1641 0.1557 0.1493 0.1425 0.1374 0.1318 0.1229 0.1154 0.1091 0.1037 0.0991 0.0951 0.0915 0.0884 0.0857 0.0832 0.0809 0.0790 0.0772
3.2 3.08 0.1812 0.1730 0.1641 0.1575 0.1503 0.1449 0.1390 0.1297 0.1218 0.1152 0.1096 0.1047 0.1004 0.0967 0.0934 0.0906 0.0879 0.0855 0.0836 0.0817
3.3 3.18 0.1906 0.1820 0.1727 0.1658 0.1583 0.1526 0.1465 0.1367 0.1284 0.1214 0.1155 0.1104 0.1059 0.1020 0.0986 0.0955 0.0928 0.0902 0.0882 0.0862
3.4 3.27 0.2003 0.1913 0.1816 0.1743 0.1664 0.1604 0.1540 0.1438 0.1351 0.1278 0.1216 0.1162 0.1115 0.1074 0.1038 0.1006 0.0977 0.0951 0.0929 0.0908
3.5 3.37 0.2101 0.2007 0.1906 0.1829 0.1747 0.1685 0.1618 0.1510 0.1420 0.1343 0.1278 0.1222 0.1173 0.1129 0.1092 0.1059 0.1028 0.1000 0.0978 0.0956
3.6 3.46 0.2202 0.2104 0.1997 0.1918 0.1832 0.1767 0.1697 0.1584 0.1490 0.1410 0.1342 0.1283 0.1231 0.1186 0.1147 0.1112 0.1080 0.1051 0.1027 0.1004
3.7 3.56 0.2304 0.2202 0.2091 0.2008 0.1919 0.1850 0.1777 0.1660 0.1561 0.1478 0.1407 0.1345 0.1291 0.1244 0.1203 0.1166 0.1133 0.1103 0.1078 0.1054
3.8 3.66 0.2408 0.2302 0.2186 0.2100 0.2007 0.1936 0.1859 0.1737 0.1634 0.1547 0.1473 0.1408 0.1352 0.1303 0.1260 0.1222 0.1187 0.1155 0.1129 0.1104
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3.9 3.75 0.2514 0.2404 0.2283 0.2193 0.2097 0.2023 0.1943 0.1816 0.1708 0.1618 0.1540 0.1473 0.1415 0.1363 0.1318 0.1279 0.1242 0.1209 0.1182 0.1156
4.0 3.85 0.2622 0.2507 0.2382 0.2289 0.2188 0.2111 0.2028 0.1896 0.1784 0.1690 0.1609 0.1539 0.1478 0.1424 0.1378 0.1337 0.1298 0.1264 0.1236 0.1208
Appendix G
4.1 3.95 0.2732 0.2613 0.2483 0.2386 0.2281 0.2201 0.2115 0.1977 0.1861 0.1763 0.1679 0.1606 0.1543 0.1487 0.1438 0.1395 0.1356 0.1320 0.1291 0.1262
4.2 4.04 0.2844 0.2720 0.2585 0.2485 0.2376 0.2293 0.2203 0.2060 0.1940 0.1837 0.1750 0.1675 0.1609 0.1551 0.1500 0.1456 0.1414 0.1377 0.1347 0.1317
4.3 4.14 0.2958 0.2829 0.2689 0.2585 0.2472 0.2386 0.2293 0.2145 0.2019 0.1913 0.1823 0.1744 0.1676 0.1616 0.1563 0.1517 0.1474 0.1435 0.1403 0.1372
4.4 4.23 0.3073 0.2940 0.2795 0.2687 0.2570 0.2481 0.2385 0.2231 0.2101 0.1991 0.1897 0.1815 0.1744 0.1682 0.1627 0.1579 0.1534 0.1494 0.1461 0.1429
4.5 4.33 0.3191 0.3053 0.2903 0.2791 0.2670 0.2577 0.2478 0.2318 0.2183 0.2069 0.1972 0.1887 0.1814 0.1749 0.1692 0.1642 0.1596 0.1554 0.1520 0.1487
4.6 4.43 0.3310 0.3167 0.3012 0.2896 0.2771 0.2675 0.2572 0.2407 0.2267 0.2149 0.2048 0.1961 0.1885 0.1817 0.1758 0.1707 0.1659 0.1616 0.1580 0.1546
4.7 4.52 0.3431 0.3283 0.3123 0.3003 0.2873 0.2774 0.2668 0.2497 0.2353 0.2230 0.2126 0.2035 0.1956 0.1887 0.1826 0.1772 0.1723 0.1678 0.1641 0.1605

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0.5 0.77 0.0031 0.0030 0.0028 0.0027 0.0026 0.0026 0.0025 0.0024 0.0023 0.0023 0.0022 0.0021 0.0021 0.0020 0.0020 0.0020 0.0019 0.0019 0.0019 0.0018
0.6 0.92 0.0043 0.0040 0.0038 0.0037 0.0036 0.0035 0.0034 0.0033 0.0032 0.0031 0.0030 0.0029 0.0029 0.0028 0.0027 0.0027 0.0026 0.0026 0.0026 0.0025
Appendix G
0.7 1.08 0.0055 0.0052 0.0049 0.0048 0.0047 0.0046 0.0045 0.0043 0.0042 0.0040 0.0039 0.0038 0.0037 0.0037 0.0036 0.0035 0.0035 0.0034 0.0033 0.0033
0.8 1.23 0.0069 0.0065 0.0061 0.0060 0.0059 0.0057 0.0056 0.0054 0.0053 0.0051 0.0050 0.0048 0.0047 0.0046 0.0045 0.0044 0.0044 0.0043 0.0042 0.0042
0.9 1.38 0.0084 0.0080 0.0075 0.0073 0.0072 0.0070 0.0069 0.0066 0.0064 0.0062 0.0061 0.0059 0.0058 0.0057 0.0056 0.0054 0.0054 0.0053 0.0052 0.0051
1.0 1.54 0.0101 0.0096 0.0090 0.0088 0.0086 0.0084 0.0083 0.0080 0.0077 0.0075 0.0073 0.0071 0.0070 0.0068 0.0067 0.0065 0.0064 0.0063 0.0062 0.0061

1.1 1.69 0.0119 0.0112 0.0106 0.0103 0.0101 0.0099 0.0097 0.0094 0.0091 0.0088 0.0086 0.0084 0.0082 0.0080 0.0079 0.0077 0.0076 0.0075 0.0074 0.0073
—
1.2 1.84 0.0138 0.0131 0.0123 0.0120 0.0117 0.0115 0.0113 0.0109 0.0106 0.0103 0.0100 0.0098 0.0096 0.0094 0.0092 0.0090 0.0089 0.0087 0.0086 0.0085
1.3 2.00 0.0158 0.0150 0.0141 0.0138 0.0135 0.0132 0.0130 0.0125 0.0122 0.0118 0.0115 0.0112 0.0110 0.0108 0.0106 0.0104 0.0102 0.0100 0.0099 0.0097
1.4 2.15 0.0179 0.0170 0.0160 0.0157 0.0153 0.0150 0.0148 0.0143 0.0138 0.0135 0.0131 0.0128 0.0125 0.0123 0.0120 0.0118 0.0116 0.0114 0.0113 0.0111
1.5 2.30 0.0201 0.0191 0.0180 0.0176 0.0173 0.0170 0.0166 0.0161 0.0156 0.0152 0.0148 0.0144 0.0141 0.0138 0.0136 0.0133 0.0131 0.0129 0.0127 0.0125
1.6 2.46 0.0225 0.0214 0.0201 0.0197 0.0193 0.0190 0.0186 0.0180 0.0175 0.0170 0.0166 0.0162 0.0158 0.0155 0.0152 0.0149 0.0147 0.0145 0.0143 0.0141
1.7 2.61 0.0250 0.0237 0.0223 0.0219 0.0214 0.0211 0.0207 0.0200 0.0194 0.0189 0.0184 0.0180 0.0176 0.0172 0.0169 0.0166 0.0163 0.0161 0.0159 0.0157
1.8 2.76 0.0275 0.0262 0.0247 0.0242 0.0237 0.0233 0.0228 0.0221 0.0214 0.0209 0.0203 0.0199 0.0195 0.0191 0.0187 0.0184 0.0181 0.0178 0.0176 0.0173
1.9 2.92 0.0302 0.0287 0.0271 0.0266 0.0260 0.0256 0.0251 0.0243 0.0236 0.0229 0.0224 0.0219 0.0214 0.0210 0.0206 0.0202 0.0199 0.0196 0.0193 0.0191
2.0 3.07 0.0330 0.0314 0.0296 0.0290 0.0284 0.0279 0.0274 0.0266 0.0258 0.0251 0.0245 0.0239 0.0234 0.0230 0.0225 0.0222 0.0218 0.0215 0.0212 0.0209
2.1 3.23 0.0359 0.0342 0.0322 0.0316 0.0310 0.0304 0.0299 0.0289 0.0281 0.0273 0.0267 0.0261 0.0255 0.0250 0.0246 0.0241 0.0238 0.0234 0.0231 0.0228

2.2 3.38 0.0389 0.0370 0.0349 0.0343 0.0336 0.0330 0.0324 0.0314 0.0305 0.0297 0.0289 0.0283 0.0277 0.0272 0.0267 0.0262 0.0258 0.0254 0.0251 0.0247
2.3 3.53 0.0420 0.0400 0.0377 0.0370 0.0363 0.0357 0.0350 0.0339 0.0329 0.0321 0.0313 0.0306 0.0300 0.0294 0.0289 0.0284 0.0279 0.0275 0.0271 0.0268
2.4 3.69 0.0452 0.0430 0.0406 0.0399 0.0391 0.0384 0.0377 0.0365 0.0355 0.0346 0.0337 0.0330 0.0323 0.0317 0.0311 0.0306 0.0301 0.0297 0.0292 0.0289
2.5 3.84 0.0485 0.0462 0.0436 0.0428 0.0419 0.0412 0.0405 0.0392 0.0381 0.0371 0.0362 0.0354 0.0347 0.0341 0.0334 0.0329 0.0324 0.0319 0.0314 0.0310
2.6 3.99 0.0519 0.0495 0.0467 0.0458 0.0449 0.0442 0.0434 0.0420 0.0409 0.0398 0.0388 0.0380 0.0372 0.0365 0.0358 0.0353 0.0347 0.0342 0.0337 0.0333
2.7 4.15 0.0554 0.0528 0.0499 0.0490 0.0480 0.0472 0.0464 0.0449 0.0437 0.0425 0.0415 0.0406 0.0398 0.0390 0.0383 0.0377 0.0371 0.0366 0.0361 0.0356
2.8 4.30 0.0590 0.0562 0.0531 0.0522 0.0511 0.0503 0.0494 0.0479 0.0465 0.0453 0.0443 0.0433 0.0424 0.0416 0.0409 0.0402 0.0396 0.0390 0.0385 0.0380
2.9 4.45 0.0627 0.0598 0.0565 0.0555 0.0544 0.0535 0.0525 0.0509 0.0495 0.0482 0.0471 0.0461 0.0451 0.0443 0.0435 0.0428 0.0421 0.0415 0.0410 0.0404
3.0 4.61 0.0665 0.0634 0.0599 0.0588 0.0577 0.0567 0.0558 0.0541 0.0526 0.0512 0.0500 0.0489 0.0479 0.0470 0.0462 0.0455 0.0447 0.0441 0.0435 0.0430
3.1 4.76 0.0704 0.0671 0.0635 0.0623 0.0611 0.0601 0.0591 0.0573 0.0557 0.0543 0.0530 0.0518 0.0508 0.0499 0.0490 0.0482 0.0474 0.0468 0.0461 0.0455
3.2 4.91 0.0744 0.0710 0.0671 0.0659 0.0646 0.0635 0.0624 0.0606 0.0589 0.0574 0.0561 0.0548 0.0537 0.0527 0.0518 0.0510 0.0502 0.0495 0.0488 0.0482
3.3 5.07 0.0784 0.0749 0.0708 0.0695 0.0682 0.0671 0.0659 0.0639 0.0622 0.0606 0.0592 0.0579 0.0568 0.0557 0.0547 0.0539 0.0530 0.0523 0.0516 0.0509
3.4 5.22 0.0826 0.0789 0.0746 0.0733 0.0718 0.0707 0.0695 0.0674 0.0655 0.0639 0.0624 0.0611 0.0598 0.0587 0.0577 0.0568 0.0559 0.0551 0.0544 0.0537
3.5 5.38 0.0869 0.0829 0.0785 0.0771 0.0756 0.0744 0.0731 0.0709 0.0690 0.0672 0.0657 0.0643 0.0630 0.0618 0.0608 0.0598 0.0589 0.0581 0.0573 0.0566
3.6 5.53 0.0912 0.0871 0.0825 0.0810 0.0794 0.0782 0.0768 0.0745 0.0725 0.0707 0.0690 0.0676 0.0662 0.0650 0.0639 0.0629 0.0619 0.0611 0.0603 0.0595
3.7 5.68 0.0957 0.0914 0.0865 0.0850 0.0833 0.0820 0.0806 0.0782 0.0761 0.0742 0.0725 0.0709 0.0695 0.0683 0.0671 0.0660 0.0650 0.0641 0.0633 0.0625
3.8 5.84 0.1002 0.0958 0.0907 0.0890 0.0873 0.0859 0.0845 0.0820 0.0798 0.0778 0.0760 0.0744 0.0729 0.0716 0.0704 0.0693 0.0682 0.0672 0.0664 0.0655
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3.9 5.99 0.1049 0.1002 0.0949 0.0932 0.0914 0.0900 0.0884 0.0858 0.0835 0.0814 0.0796 0.0779 0.0764 0.0750 0.0737 0.0725 0.0714 0.0704 0.0695 0.0687
4.0 6.14 0.1096 0.1047 0.0992 0.0974 0.0956 0.0941 0.0925 0.0897 0.0873 0.0852 0.0832 0.0815 0.0799 0.0784 0.0771 0.0759 0.0747 0.0737 0.0727 0.0718
Appendix G
4.1 6.30 0.1144 0.1094 0.1036 0.1018 0.0998 0.0982 0.0966 0.0937 0.0912 0.0890 0.0870 0.0851 0.0835 0.0820 0.0806 0.0793 0.0781 0.0770 0.0760 0.0751
4.2 6.45 0.1194 0.1141 0.1081 0.1062 0.1042 0.1025 0.1008 0.0978 0.0952 0.0929 0.0908 0.0889 0.0871 0.0856 0.0841 0.0828 0.0816 0.0804 0.0794 0.0784
4.3 6.60 0.1244 0.1189 0.1126 0.1106 0.1086 0.1069 0.1051 0.1020 0.0993 0.0968 0.0946 0.0927 0.0909 0.0892 0.0877 0.0864 0.0851 0.0839 0.0828 0.0818
4.4 6.76 0.1294 0.1237 0.1173 0.1152 0.1130 0.1113 0.1094 0.1062 0.1034 0.1008 0.0986 0.0965 0.0947 0.0930 0.0914 0.0900 0.0886 0.0874 0.0863 0.0852
4.5 6.91 0.1346 0.1287 0.1220 0.1199 0.1176 0.1158 0.1138 0.1105 0.1076 0.1049 0.1026 0.1005 0.0985 0.0968 0.0951 0.0937 0.0923 0.0910 0.0898 0.0887
4.6 7.06 0.1399 0.1338 0.1268 0.1246 0.1223 0.1203 0.1183 0.1149 0.1119 0.1091 0.1067 0.1045 0.1025 0.1006 0.0990 0.0974 0.0960 0.0947 0.0934 0.0923
4.7 7.22 0.1453 0.1389 0.1317 0.1294 0.1270 0.1250 0.1229 0.1194 0.1162 0.1134 0.1108 0.1085 0.1065 0.1046 0.1028 0.1012 0.0997 0.0984 0.0971 0.0959
4.8 7.37 0.1507 0.1441 0.1367 0.1343 0.1318 0.1297 0.1276 0.1239 0.1206 0.1177 0.1151 0.1127 0.1105 0.1086 0.1068 0.1051 0.1036 0.1022 0.1009 0.0996
4.9 7.53 0.1562 0.1494 0.1417 0.1392 0.1367 0.1345 0.1323 0.1285 0.1251 0.1221 0.1194 0.1169 0.1147 0.1127 0.1108 0.1091 0.1075 0.1060 0.1047 0.1034
5.0 7.68 0.1619 0.1548 0.1468 0.1443 0.1416 0.1394 0.1371 0.1332 0.1297 0.1265 0.1237 0.1212 0.1189 0.1168 0.1149 0.1131 0.1114 0.1099 0.1085 0.1072
5.1 7.83 0.1676 0.1603 0.1520 0.1494 0.1467 0.1444 0.1420 0.1379 0.1343 0.1311 0.1282 0.1256 0.1232 0.1210 0.1190 0.1172 0.1155 0.1139 0.1125 0.1111
5.2 7.99 0.1734 0.1659 0.1573 0.1546 0.1518 0.1494 0.1470 0.1428 0.1390 0.1357 0.1327 0.1300 0.1275 0.1253 0.1232 0.1213 0.1195 0.1179 0.1165 0.1151
5.3 8.14 0.1792 0.1715 0.1627 0.1599 0.1570 0.1546 0.1520 0.1477 0.1438 0.1404 0.1373 0.1345 0.1319 0.1296 0.1275 0.1255 0.1237 0.1220 0.1205 0.1191
5.4 8.29 0.1852 0.1772 0.1682 0.1653 0.1623 0.1598 0.1571 0.1526 0.1487 0.1451 0.1419 0.1390 0.1364 0.1340 0.1318 0.1298 0.1279 0.1262 0.1246 0.1231
5.5 8.45 0.1913 0.1830 0.1737 0.1707 0.1676 0.1650 0.1623 0.1577 0.1536 0.1499 0.1466 0.1437 0.1410 0.1385 0.1362 0.1342 0.1322 0.1304 0.1288 0.1273
5.6 8.60 0.1974 0.1889 0.1793 0.1762 0.1730 0.1704 0.1676 0.1628 0.1586 0.1548 0.1514 0.1484 0.1456 0.1430 0.1407 0.1386 0.1365 0.1347 0.1330 0.1315
5.7 8.75 0.2036 0.1949 0.1850 0.1818 0.1785 0.1758 0.1729 0.1680 0.1637 0.1598 0.1563 0.1531 0.1503 0.1476 0.1452 0.1430 0.1410 0.1391 0.1373 0.1357
5.8 8.91 0.2099 0.2009 0.1907 0.1875 0.1841 0.1813 0.1784 0.1733 0.1688 0.1648 0.1612 0.1580 0.1550 0.1523 0.1498 0.1476 0.1454 0.1435 0.1417 0.1400
5.9 9.06 0.2163 0.2071 0.1966 0.1933 0.1898 0.1869 0.1838 0.1786 0.1740 0.1699 0.1662 0.1629 0.1598 0.1570 0.1545 0.1522 0.1500 0.1480 0.1461 0.1444
6.0 9.21 0.2228 0.2133 0.2025 0.1991 0.1955 0.1925 0.1894 0.1840 0.1793 0.1751 0.1713 0.1678 0.1647 0.1618 0.1592 0.1568 0.1546 0.1525 0.1506 0.1489
6.1 9.37 0.2293 0.2196 0.2085 0.2050 0.2013 0.1982 0.1950 0.1895 0.1847 0.1803 0.1764 0.1728 0.1696 0.1667 0.1640 0.1615 0.1592 0.1571 0.1552 0.1534
6.2 9.52 0.2360 0.2260 0.2146 0.2110 0.2072 0.2040 0.2007 0.1951 0.1901 0.1856 0.1816 0.1779 0.1746 0.1716 0.1689 0.1663 0.1639 0.1618 0.1598 0.1579
6.3 9.68 0.2427 0.2324 0.2207 0.2170 0.2131 0.2099 0.2065 0.2007 0.1956 0.1910 0.1869 0.1831 0.1797 0.1766 0.1738 0.1712 0.1687 0.1665 0.1645 0.1625

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0.5 0.77 0.0046 0.0044 0.0042 0.0040 0.0039 0.0037 0.0036 0.0034 0.0032 0.0030 0.0029 0.0027 0.0026 0.0025 0.0025 0.0024 0.0023 0.0023 0.0022 0.0022
0.6 0.92 0.0062 0.0059 0.0056 0.0054 0.0052 0.0050 0.0049 0.0046 0.0043 0.0041 0.0039 0.0037 0.0036 0.0035 0.0034 0.0033 0.0032 0.0031 0.0030 0.0030
Appendix G
0.7 1.08 0.0079 0.0076 0.0073 0.0070 0.0067 0.0065 0.0063 0.0059 0.0056 0.0053 0.0051 0.0049 0.0047 0.0045 0.0044 0.0043 0.0041 0.0040 0.0040 0.0039
0.8 1.23 0.0098 0.0095 0.0090 0.0087 0.0084 0.0081 0.0078 0.0074 0.0070 0.0066 0.0063 0.0061 0.0059 0.0057 0.0055 0.0054 0.0052 0.0051 0.0050 0.0049
0.9 1.38 0.0119 0.0115 0.0110 0.0106 0.0102 0.0099 0.0095 0.0090 0.0085 0.0081 0.0077 0.0074 0.0072 0.0069 0.0067 0.0066 0.0064 0.0062 0.0061 0.0060
1.0 1.54 0.0142 0.0137 0.0131 0.0126 0.0122 0.0118 0.0114 0.0107 0.0102 0.0097 0.0093 0.0089 0.0086 0.0083 0.0081 0.0079 0.0077 0.0075 0.0073 0.0072

1.1 1.69 0.0166 0.0160 0.0153 0.0148 0.0143 0.0138 0.0134 0.0126 0.0119 0.0114 0.0109 0.0105 0.0101 0.0098 0.0095 0.0093 0.0090 0.0088 0.0086 0.0085
—
1.2 1.84 0.0192 0.0185 0.0177 0.0171 0.0165 0.0160 0.0155 0.0146 0.0139 0.0132 0.0127 0.0122 0.0118 0.0114 0.0111 0.0108 0.0105 0.0103 0.0101 0.0099
1.3 2.00 0.0219 0.0211 0.0203 0.0196 0.0189 0.0183 0.0177 0.0167 0.0159 0.0151 0.0145 0.0140 0.0135 0.0131 0.0127 0.0124 0.0121 0.0118 0.0116 0.0114
1.4 2.15 0.0248 0.0239 0.0229 0.0222 0.0214 0.0208 0.0201 0.0190 0.0180 0.0172 0.0165 0.0159 0.0153 0.0149 0.0145 0.0141 0.0137 0.0134 0.0132 0.0129
1.5 2.30 0.0278 0.0268 0.0258 0.0249 0.0240 0.0233 0.0226 0.0213 0.0203 0.0194 0.0186 0.0179 0.0173 0.0167 0.0163 0.0159 0.0155 0.0152 0.0148 0.0146
1.6 2.46 0.0310 0.0299 0.0287 0.0278 0.0268 0.0260 0.0252 0.0238 0.0226 0.0216 0.0207 0.0200 0.0193 0.0187 0.0182 0.0178 0.0173 0.0170 0.0166 0.0163
1.7 2.61 0.0343 0.0331 0.0318 0.0308 0.0297 0.0288 0.0279 0.0264 0.0251 0.0240 0.0230 0.0222 0.0215 0.0208 0.0203 0.0197 0.0193 0.0189 0.0185 0.0182
1.8 2.76 0.0378 0.0364 0.0350 0.0339 0.0327 0.0318 0.0308 0.0291 0.0277 0.0265 0.0254 0.0245 0.0237 0.0230 0.0224 0.0218 0.0213 0.0208 0.0204 0.0201
1.9 2.92 0.0414 0.0399 0.0384 0.0372 0.0359 0.0348 0.0337 0.0319 0.0304 0.0291 0.0279 0.0269 0.0260 0.0252 0.0246 0.0240 0.0234 0.0229 0.0224 0.0221
2.0 3.07 0.0451 0.0435 0.0418 0.0405 0.0391 0.0380 0.0368 0.0349 0.0332 0.0318 0.0305 0.0294 0.0285 0.0276 0.0269 0.0262 0.0256 0.0251 0.0246 0.0242
2.1 3.23 0.0489 0.0472 0.0454 0.0440 0.0425 0.0413 0.0400 0.0379 0.0361 0.0346 0.0332 0.0320 0.0310 0.0301 0.0293 0.0286 0.0279 0.0273 0.0268 0.0263

2.2 3.38 0.0529 0.0511 0.0492 0.0476 0.0460 0.0447 0.0433 0.0411 0.0391 0.0374 0.0360 0.0347 0.0336 0.0326 0.0318 0.0310 0.0302 0.0296 0.0290 0.0286
2.3 3.53 0.0571 0.0551 0.0530 0.0514 0.0496 0.0482 0.0467 0.0443 0.0422 0.0404 0.0389 0.0375 0.0363 0.0352 0.0343 0.0335 0.0327 0.0320 0.0314 0.0309
2.4 3.69 0.0613 0.0592 0.0570 0.0552 0.0534 0.0519 0.0503 0.0477 0.0455 0.0435 0.0418 0.0404 0.0391 0.0379 0.0370 0.0361 0.0352 0.0345 0.0338 0.0333
2.5 3.84 0.0657 0.0635 0.0611 0.0592 0.0572 0.0556 0.0539 0.0512 0.0488 0.0467 0.0449 0.0434 0.0420 0.0408 0.0397 0.0388 0.0379 0.0371 0.0364 0.0358
2.6 3.99 0.0702 0.0678 0.0653 0.0633 0.0612 0.0595 0.0577 0.0547 0.0522 0.0500 0.0481 0.0464 0.0450 0.0436 0.0426 0.0415 0.0406 0.0398 0.0390 0.0384
2.7 4.15 0.0748 0.0723 0.0696 0.0675 0.0653 0.0635 0.0615 0.0584 0.0557 0.0534 0.0513 0.0496 0.0480 0.0466 0.0455 0.0444 0.0433 0.0425 0.0416 0.0410
2.8 4.30 0.0796 0.0769 0.0741 0.0718 0.0695 0.0676 0.0655 0.0622 0.0593 0.0569 0.0547 0.0529 0.0512 0.0497 0.0485 0.0473 0.0462 0.0453 0.0444 0.0437
2.9 4.45 0.0845 0.0816 0.0786 0.0763 0.0738 0.0718 0.0696 0.0661 0.0631 0.0604 0.0581 0.0562 0.0544 0.0528 0.0516 0.0503 0.0492 0.0482 0.0472 0.0465
3.0 4.61 0.0895 0.0865 0.0833 0.0808 0.0782 0.0761 0.0738 0.0701 0.0669 0.0641 0.0617 0.0596 0.0578 0.0561 0.0547 0.0534 0.0522 0.0512 0.0502 0.0494
3.1 4.76 0.0946 0.0915 0.0881 0.0855 0.0827 0.0805 0.0781 0.0742 0.0708 0.0679 0.0653 0.0631 0.0612 0.0594 0.0580 0.0566 0.0553 0.0542 0.0531 0.0524
3.2 4.91 0.0998 0.0965 0.0930 0.0903 0.0873 0.0850 0.0825 0.0783 0.0748 0.0717 0.0690 0.0667 0.0647 0.0628 0.0613 0.0598 0.0585 0.0573 0.0562 0.0554
3.3 5.07 0.1052 0.1017 0.0980 0.0952 0.0921 0.0896 0.0869 0.0826 0.0789 0.0757 0.0728 0.0704 0.0683 0.0663 0.0647 0.0632 0.0617 0.0605 0.0594 0.0585
3.4 5.22 0.1107 0.1071 0.1032 0.1002 0.0969 0.0943 0.0915 0.0870 0.0831 0.0797 0.0767 0.0742 0.0719 0.0699 0.0682 0.0666 0.0651 0.0638 0.0626 0.0617
3.5 5.38 0.1163 0.1125 0.1084 0.1053 0.1019 0.0992 0.0962 0.0915 0.0874 0.0838 0.0807 0.0781 0.0757 0.0735 0.0718 0.0701 0.0685 0.0672 0.0659 0.0649
3.6 5.53 0.1220 0.1180 0.1138 0.1105 0.1069 0.1041 0.1010 0.0961 0.0918 0.0881 0.0848 0.0820 0.0795 0.0773 0.0754 0.0736 0.0720 0.0706 0.0692 0.0682
3.7 5.68 0.1278 0.1237 0.1193 0.1158 0.1121 0.1091 0.1059 0.1007 0.0963 0.0924 0.0890 0.0861 0.0834 0.0811 0.0792 0.0773 0.0756 0.0741 0.0727 0.0716
3.8 5.84 0.1338 0.1295 0.1248 0.1212 0.1174 0.1143 0.1109 0.1055 0.1008 0.0968 0.0932 0.0902 0.0875 0.0850 0.0830 0.0810 0.0792 0.0777 0.0762 0.0751
349
350
3
3.9 5.99 0.1398 0.1353 0.1305 0.1268 0.1228 0.1195 0.1160 0.1104 0.1055 0.1013 0.0975 0.0944 0.0915 0.0889 0.0869 0.0848 0.0829 0.0814 0.0798 0.0787
4.0 6.14 0.1460 0.1413 0.1363 0.1324 0.1282 0.1248 0.1212 0.1153 0.1103 0.1058 0.1020 0.0987 0.0957 0.0930 0.0908 0.0887 0.0867 0.0851 0.0835 0.0823
Appendix G
4.1 6.30 0.1523 0.1474 0.1422 0.1382 0.1338 0.1303 0.1265 0.1204 0.1151 0.1105 0.1065 0.1030 0.1000 0.0971 0.0949 0.0927 0.0906 0.0889 0.0872 0.0860
4.2 6.45 0.1587 0.1537 0.1482 0.1440 0.1395 0.1358 0.1319 0.1255 0.1200 0.1153 0.1111 0.1075 0.1043 0.1014 0.0990 0.0967 0.0946 0.0928 0.0910 0.0897
4.3 6.60 0.1652 0.1600 0.1544 0.1500 0.1453 0.1415 0.1374 0.1308 0.1251 0.1201 0.1158 0.1120 0.1087 0.1056 0.1032 0.1008 0.0986 0.0967 0.0949 0.0936
4.4 6.76 0.1719 0.1664 0.1606 0.1560 0.1512 0.1472 0.1430 0.1361 0.1302 0.1250 0.1205 0.1167 0.1132 0.1100 0.1075 0.1050 0.1027 0.1008 0.0989 0.0975
4.5 6.91 0.1786 0.1730 0.1669 0.1622 0.1572 0.1531 0.1487 0.1416 0.1354 0.1301 0.1254 0.1214 0.1178 0.1145 0.1118 0.1092 0.1069 0.1049 0.1029 0.1014
4.6 7.06 0.1855 0.1796 0.1734 0.1685 0.1632 0.1590 0.1545 0.1471 0.1407 0.1352 0.1303 0.1261 0.1224 0.1190 0.1163 0.1136 0.1111 0.1090 0.1070 0.1055
4.7 7.22 0.1924 0.1864 0.1799 0.1748 0.1694 0.1650 0.1603 0.1527 0.1461 0.1403 0.1353 0.1310 0.1271 0.1236 0.1208 0.1180 0.1154 0.1133 0.1112 0.1096
4.8 7.37 0.1995 0.1933 0.1865 0.1813 0.1757 0.1712 0.1663 0.1584 0.1516 0.1456 0.1404 0.1360 0.1319 0.1283 0.1254 0.1225 0.1198 0.1176 0.1154 0.1138
4.9 7.53 0.2067 0.2002 0.1933 0.1879 0.1821 0.1774 0.1724 0.1642 0.1571 0.1510 0.1456 0.1410 0.1368 0.1331 0.1300 0.1270 0.1243 0.1220 0.1197 0.1180
5.0 7.68 0.2140 0.2073 0.2001 0.1946 0.1886 0.1837 0.1785 0.1701 0.1628 0.1564 0.1508 0.1461 0.1418 0.1379 0.1347 0.1317 0.1288 0.1264 0.1241 0.1224
5.1 7.83 0.2214 0.2145 0.2071 0.2013 0.1952 0.1901 0.1848 0.1761 0.1685 0.1620 0.1562 0.1513 0.1468 0.1428 0.1396 0.1364 0.1334 0.1310 0.1285 0.1267
5.2 7.99 0.2289 0.2218 0.2142 0.2082 0.2018 0.1967 0.1911 0.1821 0.1743 0.1676 0.1616 0.1565 0.1520 0.1478 0.1444 0.1412 0.1381 0.1356 0.1331 0.1312
5.3 8.14 0.2365 0.2292 0.2213 0.2152 0.2086 0.2033 0.1976 0.1883 0.1802 0.1733 0.1671 0.1619 0.1572 0.1529 0.1494 0.1460 0.1429 0.1403 0.1377 0.1357
5.4 8.29 0.2442 0.2367 0.2286 0.2223 0.2155 0.2100 0.2041 0.1945 0.1862 0.1790 0.1727 0.1673 0.1624 0.1580 0.1544 0.1509 0.1477 0.1450 0.1423 0.1403
5.5 8.45 0.2520 0.2443 0.2359 0.2294 0.2225 0.2168 0.2107 0.2009 0.1923 0.1849 0.1784 0.1728 0.1678 0.1632 0.1595 0.1559 0.1526 0.1498 0.1471 0.1450
5.6 8.60 0.2600 0.2520 0.2434 0.2367 0.2295 0.2237 0.2175 0.2073 0.1985 0.1909 0.1841 0.1784 0.1732 0.1685 0.1647 0.1610 0.1576 0.1547 0.1519 0.1498
5.7 8.75 0.2680 0.2598 0.2510 0.2441 0.2367 0.2307 0.2243 0.2138 0.2047 0.1969 0.1900 0.1841 0.1787 0.1739 0.1700 0.1661 0.1626 0.1596 0.1567 0.1546
5.8 8.91 0.2762 0.2677 0.2586 0.2515 0.2439 0.2378 0.2312 0.2204 0.2111 0.2030 0.1959 0.1898 0.1843 0.1793 0.1753 0.1714 0.1677 0.1647 0.1617 0.1594
5.9 9.06 0.2844 0.2757 0.2664 0.2591 0.2513 0.2449 0.2382 0.2271 0.2175 0.2092 0.2019 0.1956 0.1900 0.1848 0.1807 0.1766 0.1729 0.1698 0.1667 0.1644

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0.5 0.77 0.0056 0.0053 0.0050 0.0048 0.0045 0.0043 0.0041 0.0038 0.0036 0.0033 0.0032 0.0030 0.0029 0.0028 0.0027 0.0026 0.0025 0.0026 0.0025 0.0025
0.6 0.92 0.0075 0.0071 0.0067 0.0064 0.0061 0.0058 0.0056 0.0052 0.0048 0.0045 0.0043 0.0041 0.0039 0.0037 0.0036 0.0035 0.0034 0.0035 0.0034 0.0033
Appendix G
0.7 1.08 0.0096 0.0091 0.0086 0.0082 0.0078 0.0075 0.0072 0.0067 0.0062 0.0059 0.0056 0.0053 0.0051 0.0049 0.0047 0.0046 0.0044 0.0046 0.0045 0.0044
0.8 1.23 0.0119 0.0113 0.0107 0.0102 0.0097 0.0093 0.0089 0.0083 0.0078 0.0073 0.0070 0.0066 0.0064 0.0061 0.0059 0.0057 0.0055 0.0058 0.0056 0.0055
0.9 1.38 0.0144 0.0137 0.0129 0.0124 0.0118 0.0113 0.0109 0.0101 0.0095 0.0089 0.0085 0.0081 0.0078 0.0075 0.0072 0.0070 0.0068 0.0071 0.0069 0.0067
1.0 1.54 0.0171 0.0162 0.0154 0.0147 0.0140 0.0135 0.0129 0.0120 0.0113 0.0107 0.0101 0.0097 0.0093 0.0089 0.0086 0.0084 0.0081 0.0085 0.0083 0.0080

1.1 1.69 0.0199 0.0190 0.0180 0.0172 0.0164 0.0158 0.0152 0.0141 0.0133 0.0125 0.0119 0.0114 0.0109 0.0105 0.0102 0.0099 0.0096 0.0100 0.0097 0.0095
—
1.2 1.84 0.0230 0.0219 0.0207 0.0199 0.0190 0.0183 0.0175 0.0163 0.0154 0.0145 0.0138 0.0132 0.0127 0.0122 0.0118 0.0115 0.0112 0.0116 0.0113 0.0110
1.3 2.00 0.0262 0.0250 0.0237 0.0227 0.0217 0.0209 0.0200 0.0187 0.0176 0.0167 0.0159 0.0151 0.0146 0.0140 0.0136 0.0132 0.0128 0.0133 0.0130 0.0127
1.4 2.15 0.0296 0.0282 0.0268 0.0257 0.0245 0.0236 0.0227 0.0212 0.0199 0.0189 0.0180 0.0172 0.0165 0.0159 0.0154 0.0150 0.0146 0.0151 0.0148 0.0144
1.5 2.30 0.0331 0.0316 0.0300 0.0288 0.0275 0.0265 0.0255 0.0238 0.0224 0.0212 0.0202 0.0194 0.0186 0.0179 0.0174 0.0169 0.0164 0.0170 0.0166 0.0162
1.6 2.46 0.0368 0.0352 0.0334 0.0321 0.0306 0.0296 0.0284 0.0266 0.0250 0.0237 0.0226 0.0216 0.0208 0.0201 0.0194 0.0189 0.0184 0.0191 0.0186 0.0182
1.7 2.61 0.0407 0.0389 0.0369 0.0355 0.0339 0.0327 0.0315 0.0294 0.0277 0.0263 0.0251 0.0240 0.0231 0.0223 0.0216 0.0210 0.0204 0.0212 0.0207 0.0202
1.8 2.76 0.0447 0.0427 0.0406 0.0390 0.0373 0.0360 0.0346 0.0324 0.0306 0.0290 0.0277 0.0265 0.0255 0.0246 0.0238 0.0232 0.0225 0.0234 0.0228 0.0223
1.9 2.92 0.0489 0.0468 0.0444 0.0427 0.0409 0.0395 0.0380 0.0355 0.0335 0.0318 0.0304 0.0291 0.0280 0.0270 0.0262 0.0255 0.0248 0.0257 0.0251 0.0245
2.0 3.07 0.0532 0.0509 0.0484 0.0466 0.0446 0.0430 0.0414 0.0388 0.0366 0.0347 0.0332 0.0318 0.0306 0.0295 0.0286 0.0279 0.0271 0.0281 0.0274 0.0268
2.1 3.23 0.0577 0.0552 0.0525 0.0505 0.0484 0.0467 0.0450 0.0421 0.0398 0.0378 0.0361 0.0345 0.0333 0.0321 0.0312 0.0303 0.0295 0.0306 0.0299 0.0292

2.2 3.38 0.0624 0.0597 0.0568 0.0546 0.0523 0.0506 0.0487 0.0456 0.0431 0.0409 0.0391 0.0374 0.0361 0.0348 0.0338 0.0329 0.0320 0.0332 0.0324 0.0316
2.3 3.53 0.0672 0.0643 0.0612 0.0589 0.0564 0.0545 0.0525 0.0492 0.0465 0.0442 0.0422 0.0404 0.0389 0.0376 0.0365 0.0355 0.0346 0.0358 0.0350 0.0342
2.4 3.69 0.0721 0.0690 0.0657 0.0633 0.0606 0.0586 0.0564 0.0529 0.0500 0.0475 0.0454 0.0435 0.0419 0.0405 0.0393 0.0383 0.0372 0.0386 0.0377 0.0368
2.5 3.84 0.0772 0.0739 0.0704 0.0678 0.0649 0.0628 0.0605 0.0567 0.0536 0.0510 0.0487 0.0467 0.0450 0.0435 0.0422 0.0411 0.0400 0.0414 0.0405 0.0396
2.6 3.99 0.0824 0.0789 0.0752 0.0724 0.0694 0.0671 0.0646 0.0607 0.0573 0.0545 0.0521 0.0500 0.0482 0.0466 0.0452 0.0440 0.0428 0.0444 0.0434 0.0424
2.7 4.15 0.0878 0.0841 0.0801 0.0772 0.0740 0.0715 0.0689 0.0647 0.0612 0.0582 0.0556 0.0534 0.0515 0.0497 0.0483 0.0470 0.0458 0.0474 0.0463 0.0453
2.8 4.30 0.0933 0.0894 0.0852 0.0821 0.0787 0.0761 0.0733 0.0689 0.0651 0.0620 0.0593 0.0569 0.0548 0.0530 0.0515 0.0501 0.0488 0.0505 0.0494 0.0483
2.9 4.45 0.0989 0.0948 0.0904 0.0871 0.0835 0.0808 0.0779 0.0731 0.0692 0.0658 0.0630 0.0604 0.0583 0.0563 0.0547 0.0533 0.0519 0.0537 0.0525 0.0513
3.0 4.61 0.1047 0.1004 0.0957 0.0922 0.0885 0.0856 0.0825 0.0775 0.0733 0.0698 0.0668 0.0641 0.0618 0.0598 0.0581 0.0566 0.0551 0.0570 0.0557 0.0545
3.1 4.76 0.1106 0.1061 0.1012 0.0975 0.0935 0.0905 0.0872 0.0820 0.0776 0.0739 0.0707 0.0679 0.0655 0.0633 0.0615 0.0599 0.0583 0.0604 0.0590 0.0577
3.2 4.91 0.1167 0.1119 0.1067 0.1029 0.0987 0.0955 0.0921 0.0866 0.0820 0.0781 0.0747 0.0717 0.0692 0.0669 0.0650 0.0633 0.0617 0.0638 0.0624 0.0610
3.3 5.07 0.1229 0.1179 0.1124 0.1084 0.1040 0.1007 0.0971 0.0913 0.0864 0.0823 0.0788 0.0757 0.0730 0.0706 0.0686 0.0669 0.0651 0.0674 0.0659 0.0644
3.4 5.22 0.1292 0.1240 0.1183 0.1140 0.1094 0.1059 0.1022 0.0961 0.0910 0.0867 0.0830 0.0797 0.0769 0.0744 0.0723 0.0705 0.0686 0.0710 0.0694 0.0679
3.5 5.38 0.1357 0.1302 0.1242 0.1198 0.1150 0.1113 0.1074 0.1010 0.0957 0.0912 0.0873 0.0838 0.0809 0.0783 0.0761 0.0741 0.0722 0.0747 0.0731 0.0715
3.6 5.53 0.1423 0.1365 0.1303 0.1257 0.1207 0.1168 0.1127 0.1061 0.1004 0.0957 0.0917 0.0881 0.0850 0.0822 0.0799 0.0779 0.0759 0.0785 0.0768 0.0751
3.7 5.68 0.1490 0.1430 0.1365 0.1317 0.1264 0.1224 0.1181 0.1112 0.1053 0.1004 0.0961 0.0924 0.0892 0.0863 0.0838 0.0817 0.0796 0.0824 0.0806 0.0788
3.8 5.84 0.1558 0.1496 0.1428 0.1378 0.1323 0.1281 0.1236 0.1164 0.1103 0.1051 0.1007 0.0968 0.0934 0.0904 0.0879 0.0857 0.0835 0.0863 0.0845 0.0826
351
352
3
3.9 5.99 0.1628 0.1563 0.1493 0.1440 0.1383 0.1340 0.1293 0.1217 0.1154 0.1100 0.1054 0.1013 0.0978 0.0946 0.0920 0.0897 0.0874 0.0904 0.0884 0.0865
4.0 6.14 0.1699 0.1632 0.1558 0.1504 0.1444 0.1399 0.1350 0.1272 0.1205 0.1149 0.1101 0.1058 0.1022 0.0989 0.0962 0.0938 0.0914 0.0945 0.0924 0.0904
Appendix G
4.1 6.30 0.1772 0.1701 0.1625 0.1568 0.1507 0.1460 0.1409 0.1327 0.1258 0.1200 0.1150 0.1105 0.1067 0.1033 0.1004 0.0979 0.0954 0.0987 0.0966 0.0945
4.2 6.45 0.1845 0.1772 0.1693 0.1634 0.1570 0.1521 0.1468 0.1383 0.1312 0.1251 0.1199 0.1153 0.1113 0.1078 0.1048 0.1022 0.0996 0.1030 0.1007 0.0986
4.3 6.60 0.1920 0.1845 0.1762 0.1701 0.1635 0.1584 0.1529 0.1441 0.1366 0.1303 0.1249 0.1201 0.1160 0.1123 0.1092 0.1065 0.1038 0.1073 0.1050 0.1027
4.4 6.76 0.1997 0.1918 0.1833 0.1769 0.1700 0.1648 0.1591 0.1499 0.1422 0.1357 0.1300 0.1250 0.1208 0.1170 0.1137 0.1109 0.1081 0.1118 0.1094 0.1070
4.5 6.91 0.2074 0.1993 0.1904 0.1838 0.1767 0.1712 0.1654 0.1559 0.1478 0.1411 0.1352 0.1301 0.1256 0.1217 0.1183 0.1154 0.1125 0.1163 0.1138 0.1113
4.6 7.06 0.2153 0.2068 0.1977 0.1909 0.1835 0.1778 0.1717 0.1619 0.1536 0.1466 0.1405 0.1352 0.1306 0.1265 0.1230 0.1200 0.1169 0.1209 0.1183 0.1158
4.7 7.22 0.2233 0.2146 0.2051 0.1980 0.1904 0.1845 0.1782 0.1680 0.1594 0.1522 0.1459 0.1403 0.1356 0.1313 0.1277 0.1246 0.1215 0.1256 0.1229 0.1202
4.8 7.37 0.2314 0.2224 0.2126 0.2053 0.1974 0.1913 0.1848 0.1743 0.1654 0.1579 0.1514 0.1456 0.1407 0.1363 0.1326 0.1293 0.1261 0.1303 0.1275 0.1248
4.9 7.53 0.2396 0.2303 0.2202 0.2127 0.2045 0.1982 0.1915 0.1806 0.1714 0.1636 0.1569 0.1510 0.1459 0.1413 0.1375 0.1341 0.1308 0.1351 0.1323 0.1295
5.0 7.68 0.2480 0.2384 0.2279 0.2201 0.2117 0.2053 0.1983 0.1871 0.1775 0.1695 0.1626 0.1564 0.1512 0.1464 0.1425 0.1390 0.1355 0.1401 0.1371 0.1342
5.1 7.83 0.2565 0.2466 0.2358 0.2277 0.2191 0.2124 0.2052 0.1936 0.1838 0.1755 0.1683 0.1619 0.1565 0.1516 0.1475 0.1440 0.1404 0.1450 0.1420 0.1390
5.2 7.99 0.2651 0.2548 0.2437 0.2355 0.2265 0.2196 0.2122 0.2002 0.1901 0.1815 0.1741 0.1676 0.1620 0.1569 0.1527 0.1490 0.1453 0.1501 0.1469 0.1438
5.3 8.14 0.2738 0.2633 0.2518 0.2433 0.2340 0.2269 0.2193 0.2069 0.1965 0.1877 0.1800 0.1733 0.1675 0.1623 0.1579 0.1541 0.1503 0.1552 0.1520 0.1488
5.4 8.29 0.2826 0.2718 0.2600 0.2512 0.2417 0.2344 0.2265 0.2138 0.2030 0.1939 0.1860 0.1790 0.1731 0.1677 0.1632 0.1593 0.1553 0.1605 0.1571 0.1538
5.5 8.45 0.2916 0.2804 0.2683 0.2592 0.2494 0.2419 0.2338 0.2207 0.2096 0.2002 0.1921 0.1849 0.1788 0.1732 0.1686 0.1645 0.1605 0.1657 0.1623 0.1589
5.6 8.60 0.3007 0.2892 0.2767 0.2674 0.2573 0.2495 0.2412 0.2277 0.2162 0.2066 0.1983 0.1908 0.1845 0.1788 0.1740 0.1698 0.1657 0.1711 0.1675 0.1640

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0.5 0.77 0.0066 0.0062 0.0058 0.0055 0.0052 0.0050 0.0047 0.0043 0.0040 0.0037 0.0035 0.0033 0.0032 0.0030 0.0029 0.0028 0.0027 0.0026 0.0025 0.0025
0.6 0.92 0.0088 0.0083 0.0078 0.0074 0.0070 0.0067 0.0064 0.0058 0.0054 0.0051 0.0048 0.0045 0.0043 0.0041 0.0039 0.0038 0.0037 0.0035 0.0034 0.0033
Appendix G
0.7 1.08 0.0112 0.0106 0.0100 0.0095 0.0090 0.0086 0.0082 0.0075 0.0070 0.0065 0.0062 0.0058 0.0056 0.0053 0.0051 0.0049 0.0048 0.0046 0.0045 0.0044
0.8 1.23 0.0139 0.0131 0.0123 0.0118 0.0111 0.0107 0.0102 0.0094 0.0087 0.0082 0.0077 0.0073 0.0070 0.0067 0.0064 0.0062 0.0060 0.0058 0.0056 0.0055
0.9 1.38 0.0167 0.0159 0.0149 0.0142 0.0135 0.0129 0.0123 0.0114 0.0106 0.0099 0.0094 0.0089 0.0085 0.0081 0.0078 0.0075 0.0073 0.0071 0.0069 0.0067
1.0 1.54 0.0198 0.0188 0.0177 0.0169 0.0160 0.0153 0.0146 0.0135 0.0126 0.0118 0.0112 0.0106 0.0101 0.0097 0.0094 0.0090 0.0087 0.0085 0.0083 0.0080

1.1 1.69 0.0231 0.0219 0.0206 0.0197 0.0187 0.0179 0.0171 0.0159 0.0148 0.0139 0.0131 0.0125 0.0119 0.0114 0.0110 0.0106 0.0103 0.0100 0.0097 0.0095
—
1.2 1.84 0.0266 0.0252 0.0238 0.0227 0.0216 0.0207 0.0198 0.0183 0.0171 0.0161 0.0152 0.0145 0.0138 0.0133 0.0128 0.0123 0.0119 0.0116 0.0113 0.0110
1.3 2.00 0.0302 0.0287 0.0271 0.0259 0.0246 0.0236 0.0226 0.0209 0.0196 0.0184 0.0174 0.0166 0.0158 0.0152 0.0146 0.0142 0.0137 0.0133 0.0130 0.0127
1.4 2.15 0.0341 0.0324 0.0306 0.0292 0.0278 0.0267 0.0255 0.0237 0.0221 0.0208 0.0197 0.0188 0.0180 0.0173 0.0166 0.0161 0.0156 0.0151 0.0148 0.0144
1.5 2.30 0.0381 0.0362 0.0342 0.0328 0.0312 0.0299 0.0287 0.0266 0.0249 0.0234 0.0222 0.0211 0.0202 0.0194 0.0187 0.0181 0.0176 0.0170 0.0166 0.0162
1.6 2.46 0.0423 0.0403 0.0381 0.0364 0.0347 0.0333 0.0319 0.0296 0.0277 0.0261 0.0248 0.0236 0.0226 0.0217 0.0209 0.0203 0.0196 0.0191 0.0186 0.0182
1.7 2.61 0.0467 0.0445 0.0421 0.0403 0.0383 0.0369 0.0353 0.0328 0.0307 0.0290 0.0275 0.0262 0.0251 0.0241 0.0232 0.0225 0.0218 0.0212 0.0207 0.0202
1.8 2.76 0.0513 0.0488 0.0462 0.0443 0.0422 0.0406 0.0388 0.0361 0.0338 0.0319 0.0303 0.0289 0.0276 0.0266 0.0256 0.0248 0.0241 0.0234 0.0228 0.0223
1.9 2.92 0.0560 0.0534 0.0505 0.0484 0.0461 0.0444 0.0425 0.0396 0.0371 0.0350 0.0332 0.0317 0.0303 0.0292 0.0281 0.0273 0.0264 0.0257 0.0251 0.0245
2.0 3.07 0.0609 0.0581 0.0550 0.0527 0.0502 0.0484 0.0463 0.0431 0.0404 0.0382 0.0362 0.0346 0.0331 0.0319 0.0308 0.0298 0.0289 0.0281 0.0274 0.0268
2.1 3.23 0.0660 0.0629 0.0596 0.0571 0.0545 0.0525 0.0503 0.0468 0.0439 0.0415 0.0394 0.0376 0.0360 0.0347 0.0335 0.0324 0.0314 0.0306 0.0299 0.0292

2.2 3.38 0.0712 0.0680 0.0644 0.0617 0.0589 0.0567 0.0544 0.0507 0.0475 0.0449 0.0427 0.0407 0.0390 0.0376 0.0363 0.0351 0.0341 0.0332 0.0324 0.0316
2.3 3.53 0.0767 0.0731 0.0693 0.0665 0.0634 0.0611 0.0586 0.0546 0.0513 0.0484 0.0460 0.0440 0.0422 0.0406 0.0392 0.0380 0.0368 0.0358 0.0350 0.0342
2.4 3.69 0.0822 0.0785 0.0744 0.0714 0.0681 0.0656 0.0630 0.0587 0.0551 0.0521 0.0495 0.0473 0.0454 0.0437 0.0422 0.0409 0.0397 0.0386 0.0377 0.0368
2.5 3.84 0.0879 0.0840 0.0796 0.0764 0.0729 0.0703 0.0675 0.0629 0.0591 0.0559 0.0531 0.0507 0.0487 0.0469 0.0453 0.0439 0.0426 0.0414 0.0405 0.0396
2.6 3.99 0.0938 0.0896 0.0850 0.0816 0.0779 0.0751 0.0721 0.0672 0.0632 0.0598 0.0568 0.0543 0.0521 0.0502 0.0485 0.0470 0.0456 0.0444 0.0434 0.0424
2.7 4.15 0.0999 0.0954 0.0905 0.0869 0.0830 0.0800 0.0768 0.0717 0.0674 0.0637 0.0606 0.0580 0.0556 0.0536 0.0518 0.0502 0.0487 0.0474 0.0463 0.0453
2.8 4.30 0.1061 0.1013 0.0962 0.0924 0.0882 0.0851 0.0817 0.0763 0.0717 0.0678 0.0646 0.0617 0.0592 0.0570 0.0551 0.0535 0.0519 0.0505 0.0494 0.0483
2.9 4.45 0.1124 0.1074 0.1020 0.0980 0.0936 0.0903 0.0867 0.0810 0.0761 0.0721 0.0686 0.0656 0.0629 0.0606 0.0586 0.0568 0.0552 0.0537 0.0525 0.0513
3.0 4.61 0.1189 0.1137 0.1080 0.1037 0.0991 0.0956 0.0918 0.0858 0.0807 0.0764 0.0727 0.0695 0.0667 0.0643 0.0622 0.0603 0.0586 0.0570 0.0557 0.0545
3.1 4.76 0.1256 0.1200 0.1141 0.1096 0.1047 0.1010 0.0971 0.0907 0.0853 0.0808 0.0769 0.0736 0.0707 0.0681 0.0658 0.0639 0.0620 0.0604 0.0590 0.0577
3.2 4.91 0.1324 0.1266 0.1203 0.1156 0.1105 0.1066 0.1024 0.0957 0.0901 0.0853 0.0813 0.0777 0.0747 0.0719 0.0696 0.0675 0.0656 0.0638 0.0624 0.0610
3.3 5.07 0.1393 0.1332 0.1266 0.1217 0.1164 0.1123 0.1079 0.1009 0.0950 0.0900 0.0857 0.0820 0.0788 0.0759 0.0734 0.0712 0.0692 0.0674 0.0659 0.0644
3.4 5.22 0.1464 0.1401 0.1332 0.1280 0.1224 0.1181 0.1135 0.1062 0.1000 0.0947 0.0902 0.0863 0.0829 0.0800 0.0773 0.0751 0.0729 0.0710 0.0694 0.0679
3.5 5.38 0.1537 0.1470 0.1398 0.1344 0.1285 0.1241 0.1193 0.1116 0.1051 0.0996 0.0949 0.0908 0.0872 0.0841 0.0814 0.0790 0.0767 0.0747 0.0731 0.0715
3.6 5.53 0.1611 0.1541 0.1466 0.1409 0.1348 0.1301 0.1251 0.1171 0.1103 0.1045 0.0996 0.0953 0.0916 0.0883 0.0855 0.0830 0.0806 0.0785 0.0768 0.0751
3.7 5.68 0.1686 0.1614 0.1535 0.1476 0.1412 0.1363 0.1311 0.1227 0.1156 0.1096 0.1044 0.1000 0.0961 0.0927 0.0897 0.0870 0.0846 0.0824 0.0806 0.0788
3.8 5.84 0.1763 0.1687 0.1605 0.1544 0.1477 0.1426 0.1372 0.1284 0.1210 0.1147 0.1094 0.1047 0.1007 0.0971 0.0939 0.0912 0.0886 0.0863 0.0845 0.0826
353
354
3
3.9 5.99 0.1841 0.1762 0.1677 0.1613 0.1544 0.1491 0.1434 0.1343 0.1265 0.1200 0.1144 0.1095 0.1053 0.1016 0.0983 0.0954 0.0928 0.0904 0.0884 0.0865
4.0 6.14 0.1921 0.1839 0.1750 0.1683 0.1611 0.1556 0.1497 0.1402 0.1322 0.1254 0.1195 0.1145 0.1101 0.1062 0.1028 0.0998 0.0970 0.0945 0.0924 0.0904
Appendix G
4.1 6.30 0.2002 0.1917 0.1824 0.1755 0.1680 0.1623 0.1561 0.1463 0.1379 0.1308 0.1248 0.1195 0.1149 0.1108 0.1073 0.1042 0.1013 0.0987 0.0966 0.0945
4.2 6.45 0.2084 0.1996 0.1900 0.1828 0.1750 0.1691 0.1627 0.1524 0.1437 0.1364 0.1301 0.1246 0.1198 0.1156 0.1119 0.1087 0.1057 0.1030 0.1007 0.0986
4.3 6.60 0.2168 0.2076 0.1977 0.1902 0.1822 0.1760 0.1694 0.1587 0.1497 0.1420 0.1355 0.1298 0.1249 0.1205 0.1166 0.1133 0.1102 0.1073 0.1050 0.1027
4.4 6.76 0.2253 0.2158 0.2055 0.1978 0.1894 0.1830 0.1762 0.1651 0.1557 0.1478 0.1410 0.1351 0.1300 0.1254 0.1214 0.1179 0.1147 0.1118 0.1094 0.1070
4.5 6.91 0.2340 0.2242 0.2135 0.2055 0.1968 0.1902 0.1831 0.1716 0.1619 0.1537 0.1466 0.1405 0.1352 0.1304 0.1263 0.1227 0.1193 0.1163 0.1138 0.1113
4.6 7.06 0.2428 0.2326 0.2216 0.2133 0.2043 0.1975 0.1901 0.1782 0.1682 0.1596 0.1523 0.1460 0.1405 0.1356 0.1313 0.1275 0.1240 0.1209 0.1183 0.1158
4.7 7.22 0.2517 0.2412 0.2298 0.2212 0.2119 0.2048 0.1972 0.1849 0.1745 0.1657 0.1581 0.1516 0.1458 0.1408 0.1363 0.1324 0.1288 0.1256 0.1229 0.1202
4.8 7.37 0.2608 0.2499 0.2381 0.2293 0.2197 0.2123 0.2044 0.1917 0.1810 0.1718 0.1640 0.1572 0.1513 0.1461 0.1415 0.1374 0.1337 0.1303 0.1275 0.1248
4.9 7.53 0.2700 0.2588 0.2466 0.2374 0.2275 0.2199 0.2118 0.1987 0.1875 0.1781 0.1700 0.1630 0.1569 0.1514 0.1467 0.1425 0.1386 0.1351 0.1323 0.1295
5.0 7.68 0.2793 0.2677 0.2552 0.2457 0.2355 0.2277 0.2192 0.2057 0.1942 0.1844 0.1761 0.1688 0.1625 0.1569 0.1520 0.1477 0.1437 0.1401 0.1371 0.1342
5.1 7.83 0.2888 0.2768 0.2639 0.2541 0.2436 0.2355 0.2268 0.2128 0.2010 0.1909 0.1823 0.1748 0.1682 0.1624 0.1574 0.1529 0.1488 0.1450 0.1420 0.1390
5.2 7.99 0.2984 0.2861 0.2727 0.2626 0.2518 0.2435 0.2345 0.2201 0.2078 0.1974 0.1885 0.1808 0.1740 0.1681 0.1628 0.1582 0.1540 0.1501 0.1469 0.1438
5.3 8.14 0.3081 0.2954 0.2816 0.2713 0.2601 0.2515 0.2423 0.2274 0.2148 0.2041 0.1949 0.1869 0.1799 0.1738 0.1684 0.1636 0.1592 0.1552 0.1520 0.1488
5.4 8.29 0.3179 0.3049 0.2907 0.2801 0.2685 0.2597 0.2502 0.2348 0.2218 0.2108 0.2013 0.1931 0.1859 0.1796 0.1740 0.1691 0.1646 0.1605 0.1571 0.1538
5.5 8.45 0.3279 0.3145 0.2999 0.2890 0.2771 0.2680 0.2582 0.2424 0.2290 0.2176 0.2079 0.1994 0.1920 0.1855 0.1797 0.1747 0.1700 0.1657 0.1623 0.1589
5.6 8.60 0.3380 0.3242 0.3092 0.2980 0.2857 0.2764 0.2663 0.2500 0.2363 0.2246 0.2145 0.2058 0.1982 0.1914 0.1855 0.1803 0.1755 0.1711 0.1675 0.1640

—
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1" Uponor MLC — 100% Water — Feet of Head per 100 Feet of Tubing
1.5 3.78 1.47 1.39 1.31 1.29 1.26 1.24 1.22 1.18 1.14 1.11 1.09 1.06 1.04 1.02 1.00 0.98 0.97 0.95 0.94 0.92
1.6 4.03 1.64 1.56 1.47 1.44 1.41 1.39 1.36 1.32 1.28 1.25 1.22 1.19 1.16 1.14 1.12 1.10 1.08 1.07 1.05 1.04
Appendix G
1.7 4.28 1.82 1.73 1.63 1.60 1.57 1.54 1.51 1.47 1.42 1.39 1.35 1.32 1.29 1.27 1.25 1.22 1.21 1.19 1.17 1.15
1.8 4.53 2.01 1.91 1.80 1.77 1.73 1.70 1.67 1.62 1.57 1.53 1.50 1.46 1.43 1.40 1.38 1.36 1.33 1.31 1.30 1.28
1.9 4.78 2.20 2.10 1.98 1.94 1.91 1.87 1.84 1.78 1.73 1.69 1.65 1.61 1.58 1.54 1.52 1.49 1.47 1.45 1.43 1.41
2.0 5.03 2.41 2.29 2.17 2.13 2.08 2.05 2.01 1.95 1.89 1.84 1.80 1.76 1.72 1.69 1.66 1.63 1.61 1.58 1.56 1.54

2.1 5.29 2.62 2.50 2.36 2.31 2.27 2.23 2.19 2.12 2.06 2.01 1.96 1.92 1.88 1.84 1.81 1.78 1.75 1.73 1.70 1.68
—
2.2 5.54 2.84 2.71 2.56 2.51 2.46 2.42 2.38 2.30 2.24 2.18 2.13 2.08 2.04 2.00 1.97 1.93 1.90 1.88 1.85 1.83
2.3 5.79 3.07 2.92 2.76 2.71 2.66 2.62 2.57 2.49 2.42 2.36 2.30 2.25 2.21 2.17 2.13 2.09 2.06 2.03 2.00 1.98
2.4 6.04 3.30 3.15 2.98 2.92 2.87 2.82 2.77 2.68 2.61 2.54 2.48 2.43 2.38 2.34 2.30 2.26 2.22 2.19 2.16 2.13
2.5 6.29 3.54 3.38 3.20 3.14 3.08 3.03 2.98 2.88 2.81 2.73 2.67 2.61 2.56 2.51 2.47 2.43 2.39 2.36 2.32 2.29
2.6 6.55 3.79 3.62 3.42 3.36 3.30 3.24 3.19 3.09 3.01 2.93 2.86 2.80 2.74 2.69 2.65 2.60 2.56 2.53 2.49 2.46
2.7 6.80 4.05 3.87 3.66 3.59 3.52 3.47 3.41 3.30 3.21 3.13 3.06 2.99 2.93 2.88 2.83 2.78 2.74 2.70 2.67 2.63
2.8 7.05 4.31 4.12 3.90 3.83 3.76 3.69 3.63 3.52 3.43 3.34 3.26 3.19 3.13 3.07 3.02 2.97 2.93 2.88 2.85 2.81
2.9 7.30 4.59 4.38 4.15 4.07 3.99 3.93 3.86 3.75 3.65 3.55 3.47 3.40 3.33 3.27 3.21 3.16 3.11 3.07 3.03 2.99
3.0 7.55 4.87 4.65 4.40 4.32 4.24 4.17 4.10 3.98 3.87 3.77 3.69 3.61 3.54 3.47 3.41 3.36 3.31 3.26 3.22 3.18
3.1 7.80 5.15 4.92 4.66 4.58 4.49 4.42 4.34 4.21 4.10 4.00 3.91 3.83 3.75 3.68 3.62 3.56 3.51 3.46 3.41 3.37

3.2 8.06 5.44 5.20 4.93 4.84 4.75 4.67 4.59 4.46 4.34 4.23 4.13 4.05 3.97 3.90 3.83 3.77 3.71 3.66 3.61 3.57
3.3 8.31 5.74 5.49 5.20 5.11 5.01 4.93 4.85 4.71 4.58 4.47 4.37 4.27 4.19 4.12 4.05 3.98 3.92 3.87 3.82 3.77
3.4 8.56 6.05 5.78 5.48 5.38 5.28 5.20 5.11 4.96 4.83 4.71 4.60 4.51 4.42 4.34 4.27 4.20 4.14 4.08 4.03 3.98
3.5 8.81 6.37 6.09 5.77 5.67 5.56 5.47 5.38 5.22 5.08 4.96 4.85 4.75 4.65 4.57 4.49 4.42 4.36 4.30 4.24 4.19
3.6 9.06 6.69 6.39 6.06 5.95 5.84 5.75 5.65 5.49 5.34 5.21 5.10 4.99 4.89 4.81 4.73 4.65 4.58 4.52 4.46 4.41
3.7 9.31 7.01 6.71 6.36 6.25 6.13 6.04 5.94 5.76 5.61 5.47 5.35 5.24 5.14 5.05 4.96 4.89 4.81 4.75 4.69 4.63
3.8 9.57 7.35 7.03 6.66 6.55 6.43 6.33 6.22 6.04 5.88 5.74 5.61 5.49 5.39 5.29 5.21 5.12 5.05 4.98 4.92 4.86
3.9 9.82 7.69 7.36 6.98 6.86 6.73 6.62 6.51 6.33 6.16 6.01 5.88 5.75 5.65 5.55 5.45 5.37 5.29 5.22 5.15 5.09
4.0 10.07 8.04 7.69 7.29 7.17 7.04 6.93 6.81 6.62 6.44 6.29 6.15 6.02 5.91 5.80 5.71 5.62 5.53 5.46 5.39 5.32
4.1 10.32 8.39 8.03 7.62 7.49 7.35 7.24 7.12 6.91 6.73 6.57 6.42 6.29 6.17 6.06 5.96 5.87 5.78 5.71 5.63 5.57
4.2 10.57 8.76 8.38 7.95 7.81 7.67 7.55 7.43 7.21 7.03 6.86 6.71 6.57 6.44 6.33 6.23 6.13 6.04 5.96 5.88 5.81
4.3 10.82 9.12 8.73 8.29 8.14 7.99 7.87 7.74 7.52 7.32 7.15 6.99 6.85 6.72 6.60 6.49 6.39 6.30 6.22 6.14 6.06
4.4 11.08 9.50 9.09 8.63 8.48 8.33 8.20 8.06 7.83 7.63 7.45 7.28 7.14 7.00 6.88 6.77 6.66 6.57 6.48 6.40 6.32
4.5 11.33 9.88 9.46 8.98 8.82 8.66 8.53 8.39 8.15 7.94 7.75 7.58 7.43 7.29 7.16 7.04 6.94 6.84 6.74 6.66 6.58
4.6 11.58 10.27 9.83 9.33 9.17 9.01 8.87 8.72 8.48 8.26 8.06 7.89 7.73 7.58 7.45 7.33 7.22 7.11 7.02 6.93 6.85
4.7 11.83 10.66 10.21 9.69 9.53 9.36 9.21 9.06 8.81 8.58 8.38 8.19 8.03 7.88 7.74 7.61 7.50 7.39 7.29 7.20 7.12
4.8 12.08 11.07 10.60 10.06 9.89 9.71 9.56 9.41 9.14 8.91 8.70 8.51 8.34 8.18 8.04 7.91 7.79 7.68 7.57 7.48 7.39
355
356
1" Uponor MLC — 100% Water — Feet of Head per 100 Feet of Tubing
4.9 12.33 11.47 10.99 10.43 10.26 10.07 9.92 9.76 9.48 9.24 9.02 8.83 8.65 8.49 8.34 8.21 8.08 7.97 7.86 7.76 7.67
5.0 12.59 11.89 11.38 10.81 10.63 10.44 10.28 10.12 9.83 9.58 9.35 9.15 8.97 8.80 8.65 8.51 8.38 8.26 8.15 8.05 7.95
Appendix G
5.1 12.84 12.31 11.79 11.20 11.01 10.81 10.65 10.48 10.18 9.92 9.69 9.48 9.29 9.12 8.96 8.82 8.68 8.56 8.45 8.34 8.24
5.2 13.09 12.74 12.20 11.59 11.39 11.19 11.02 10.84 10.54 10.27 10.03 9.81 9.62 9.44 9.28 9.13 8.99 8.86 8.75 8.64 8.54
5.3 13.34 13.17 12.62 11.99 11.78 11.57 11.40 11.22 10.90 10.63 10.38 10.15 9.95 9.77 9.60 9.45 9.31 9.17 9.05 8.94 8.84
5.4 13.59 13.61 13.04 12.39 12.18 11.96 11.78 11.60 11.27 10.99 10.73 10.50 10.29 10.10 9.93 9.77 9.62 9.49 9.36 9.25 9.14
5.5 13.85 14.06 13.47 12.80 12.58 12.36 12.17 11.98 11.65 11.35 11.09 10.85 10.63 10.44 10.26 10.10 9.95 9.80 9.68 9.56 9.45
5.6 14.10 14.51 13.90 13.21 12.99 12.76 12.57 12.37 12.03 11.72 11.45 11.20 10.98 10.78 10.60 10.43 10.27 10.13 10.00 9.87 9.76
5.7 14.35 14.97 14.34 13.63 13.41 13.17 12.97 12.77 12.41 12.10 11.82 11.56 11.34 11.13 10.94 10.76 10.61 10.45 10.32 10.19 10.07
5.8 14.60 15.43 14.79 14.06 13.83 13.58 13.38 13.17 12.80 12.48 12.19 11.93 11.69 11.48 11.29 11.11 10.94 10.79 10.65 10.52 10.40
5.9 14.85 15.91 15.24 14.49 14.25 14.00 13.79 13.57 13.20 12.87 12.57 12.30 12.06 11.84 11.64 11.45 11.28 11.12 10.98 10.85 10.72
6.0 15.10 16.38 15.70 14.93 14.68 14.42 14.21 13.98 13.60 13.26 12.95 12.68 12.43 12.20 11.99 11.80 11.63 11.47 11.32 11.18 11.05
6.1 15.36 16.87 16.17 15.37 15.12 14.85 14.63 14.40 14.01 13.65 13.34 13.06 12.80 12.57 12.36 12.16 11.98 11.81 11.66 11.52 11.39
6.2 15.61 17.36 16.64 15.82 15.56 15.29 15.06 14.82 14.42 14.06 13.73 13.44 13.18 12.94 12.72 12.52 12.34 12.16 12.01 11.86 11.73
6.3 15.86 17.85 17.12 16.28 16.01 15.73 15.50 15.25 14.83 14.46 14.13 13.83 13.56 13.32 13.09 12.89 12.70 12.52 12.36 12.21 12.07
6.4 16.11 18.36 17.60 16.74 16.46 16.17 15.94 15.69 15.26 14.88 14.53 14.23 13.95 13.70 13.47 13.26 13.06 12.88 12.72 12.56 12.42
6.5 16.36 18.86 18.09 17.20 16.92 16.63 16.38 16.13 15.68 15.29 14.94 14.63 14.34 14.09 13.85 13.63 13.43 13.25 13.08 12.92 12.77
6.6 16.61 19.38 18.58 17.68 17.39 17.08 16.83 16.57 16.12 15.72 15.36 15.04 14.74 14.48 14.24 14.01 13.81 13.62 13.44 13.28 13.13
6.7 16.87 19.90 19.08 18.15 17.86 17.55 17.29 17.02 16.56 16.15 15.78 15.45 15.15 14.87 14.63 14.40 14.19 13.99 13.81 13.65 13.49
6.8 17.12 20.43 19.59 18.64 18.33 18.02 17.75 17.48 17.00 16.58 16.20 15.86 15.55 15.28 15.02 14.79 14.57 14.37 14.19 14.02 13.86
6.9 17.37 20.96 20.10 19.13 18.82 18.49 18.22 17.94 17.45 17.02 16.63 16.28 15.97 15.68 15.42 15.18 14.96 14.75 14.57 14.39 14.23
7.0 17.62 21.50 20.62 19.62 19.30 18.97 18.69 18.40 17.90 17.46 17.06 16.71 16.39 16.09 15.83 15.58 15.35 15.14 14.95 14.77 14.60
7.1 17.87 22.05 21.15 20.12 19.80 19.45 19.17 18.87 18.36 17.91 17.50 17.14 16.81 16.51 16.23 15.98 15.75 15.53 15.34 15.15 14.98
7.2 18.12 22.60 21.68 20.63 20.29 19.94 19.65 19.35 18.83 18.36 17.95 17.57 17.24 16.93 16.65 16.39 16.15 15.93 15.73 15.54 15.37
7.3 18.38 23.15 22.21 21.14 20.80 20.44 20.14 19.83 19.30 18.82 18.40 18.02 17.67 17.35 17.07 16.80 16.56 16.33 16.13 15.94 15.76
7.4 18.63 23.72 22.75 21.66 21.31 20.94 20.64 20.32 19.77 19.29 18.85 18.46 18.11 17.78 17.49 17.22 16.97 16.74 16.53 16.33 16.15
7.5 18.88 24.29 23.30 22.18 21.82 21.45 21.14 20.81 20.25 19.76 19.31 18.91 18.55 18.22 17.92 17.64 17.39 17.15 16.93 16.73 16.55

7.6 19.13 24.86 23.86 22.71 22.34 21.96 21.64 21.31 20.74 20.23 19.77 19.37 18.99 18.66 18.35 18.07 17.81 17.56 17.34 17.14 16.95
—
7.7 19.38 25.44 24.41 23.24 22.87 22.48 22.15 21.81 21.23 20.71 20.24 19.83 19.45 19.10 18.79 18.50 18.23 17.98 17.76 17.55 17.35
7.8 19.64 26.03 24.98 23.78 23.40 23.00 22.67 22.32 21.72 21.19 20.72 20.29 19.90 19.55 19.23 18.93 18.66 18.41 18.18 17.96 17.76
7.9 19.89 26.62 25.55 24.33 23.94 23.53 23.19 22.83 22.22 21.68 21.20 20.76 20.36 20.00 19.68 19.37 19.10 18.84 18.60 18.38 18.18
8.0 20.14 27.22 26.13 24.88 24.48 24.06 23.72 23.35 22.73 22.18 21.68 21.23 20.83 20.46 20.13 19.82 19.54 19.27 19.03 18.81 18.60
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1" Uponor MLC — 30% Propylene Glycol — Feet of Head per 100 Feet of Tubing
1.5 3.78 2.0067 1.9363 1.8609 1.8025 1.7401 1.6898 1.6363 1.5495 1.4749 1.4107 1.3545 1.3068 1.2640 1.2251 1.1940 1.1635 1.1355 1.1121 1.0891 1.0720
1.6 4.03 2.2366 2.1588 2.0755 2.0108 1.9418 1.8861 1.8269 1.7308 1.6481 1.5769 1.5145 1.4615 1.4141 1.3709 1.3363 1.3024 1.2713 1.2454 1.2197 1.2008
Appendix G
1.7 4.28 2.4769 2.3914 2.2998 2.2287 2.1528 2.0916 2.0264 1.9205 1.8294 1.7509 1.6822 1.6238 1.5714 1.5237 1.4856 1.4482 1.4138 1.3851 1.3568 1.3359
1.8 4.53 2.7275 2.6340 2.5339 2.4561 2.3731 2.3060 2.2346 2.1187 2.0189 1.9328 1.8574 1.7934 1.7359 1.6836 1.6417 1.6006 1.5629 1.5314 1.5003 1.4773
1.9 4.78 2.9881 2.8864 2.7775 2.6928 2.6024 2.5293 2.4515 2.3252 2.2163 2.1225 2.0402 1.9702 1.9075 1.8504 1.8046 1.7598 1.7185 1.6841 1.6501 1.6249
2.0 5.03 3.2588 3.1486 3.0305 2.9386 2.8406 2.7614 2.6770 2.5398 2.4217 2.3197 2.2303 2.1543 2.0861 2.0240 1.9742 1.9254 1.8805 1.8431 1.8061 1.7787

2.1 5.29 3.5392 3.4203 3.2928 3.1936 3.0877 3.0021 2.9109 2.7626 2.6348 2.5246 2.4278 2.3455 2.2717 2.2044 2.1505 2.0976 2.0490 2.0084 1.9683 1.9386
—
2.2 5.54 3.8295 3.7016 3.5643 3.4576 3.3436 3.2514 3.1532 2.9935 2.8557 2.7369 2.6325 2.5438 2.4641 2.3915 2.3333 2.2763 2.2237 2.1800 2.1367 2.1046
2.3 5.79 4.1293 3.9922 3.8450 3.7305 3.6082 3.5092 3.4038 3.2323 3.0843 2.9566 2.8444 2.7490 2.6633 2.5853 2.5227 2.4613 2.4048 2.3577 2.3111 2.2766
2.4 6.04 4.4387 4.2921 4.1347 4.0122 3.8813 3.7754 3.6626 3.4789 3.3205 3.1836 3.0634 2.9612 2.8693 2.7856 2.7185 2.6527 2.5921 2.5415 2.4915 2.4545
2.5 6.29 4.7576 4.6012 4.4333 4.3026 4.1630 4.0500 3.9295 3.7334 3.5641 3.4179 3.2895 3.1802 3.0820 2.9925 2.9208 2.8504 2.7855 2.7314 2.6779 2.6383
2.6 6.55 5.0857 4.9194 4.7408 4.6017 4.4530 4.3327 4.2045 3.9956 3.8153 3.6595 3.5226 3.4061 3.3014 3.2059 3.1294 3.0543 2.9851 2.9273 2.8703 2.8280
2.7 6.80 5.4232 5.2466 5.0570 4.9094 4.7515 4.6237 4.4874 4.2655 4.0738 3.9081 3.7626 3.6386 3.5273 3.4257 3.3443 3.2643 3.1907 3.1293 3.0685 3.0235
2.8 7.05 5.7698 5.5828 5.3819 5.2255 5.0582 4.9227 4.7783 4.5429 4.3397 4.1639 4.0095 3.8779 3.7597 3.6519 3.5654 3.4806 3.4023 3.3371 3.2726 3.2248
2.9 7.30 6.1256 5.9279 5.7155 5.5501 5.3731 5.2298 5.0770 4.8280 4.6128 4.4268 4.2632 4.1239 3.9987 3.8845 3.7928 3.7029 3.6200 3.5509 3.4824 3.4318
3.0 7.55 6.4904 6.2818 6.0577 5.8830 5.6962 5.5449 5.3835 5.1205 4.8932 4.6966 4.5237 4.3765 4.2441 4.1233 4.0264 3.9313 3.8436 3.7705 3.6981 3.6445
3.1 7.80 6.8641 6.6444 6.4083 6.2243 6.0274 5.8680 5.6978 5.4205 5.1807 4.9734 4.7910 4.6356 4.4959 4.3684 4.2661 4.1657 4.0731 3.9959 3.9194 3.8629

3.2 8.06 7.2468 7.0157 6.7674 6.5738 6.3666 6.1988 6.0198 5.7278 5.4754 5.2570 5.0649 4.9012 4.7540 4.6197 4.5119 4.4061 4.3085 4.2271 4.1465 4.0869
3.3 8.31 7.6383 7.3957 7.1348 6.9315 6.7139 6.5376 6.3494 6.0425 5.7772 5.5476 5.3455 5.1734 5.0185 4.8772 4.7638 4.6524 4.5497 4.4641 4.3793 4.3165
3.4 8.56 8.0385 7.7842 7.5106 7.2973 7.0690 6.8840 6.6866 6.3645 6.0860 5.8449 5.6327 5.4519 5.2893 5.1409 5.0217 4.9047 4.7968 4.7067 4.6176 4.5516
3.5 8.81 8.4475 8.1811 7.8946 7.6712 7.4320 7.2382 7.0313 6.6938 6.4018 6.1490 5.9265 5.7369 5.5663 5.4106 5.2856 5.1628 5.0496 4.9551 4.8616 4.7923
3.6 9.06 8.8652 8.5866 8.2868 8.0531 7.8029 7.6001 7.3835 7.0302 6.7245 6.4599 6.2269 6.0283 5.8496 5.6864 5.5554 5.4268 5.3082 5.2092 5.1111 5.0385
3.7 9.31 9.2914 9.0004 8.6872 8.4430 8.1815 7.9696 7.7432 7.3739 7.0542 6.7774 6.5337 6.3259 6.1390 5.9683 5.8312 5.6966 5.5724 5.4688 5.3662 5.2902
3.8 9.57 9.7262 9.4225 9.0958 8.8409 8.5679 8.3466 8.1103 7.7246 7.3908 7.1016 6.8470 6.6299 6.4345 6.2562 6.1129 5.9722 5.8424 5.7341 5.6268 5.5474
3.9 9.82 10.1695 9.8530 9.5123 9.2466 8.9620 8.7312 8.4847 8.0824 7.7342 7.4324 7.1667 6.9402 6.7362 6.5500 6.4005 6.2536 6.1180 6.0049 5.8929 5.8100
4.0 10.07 10.6213 10.2917 9.9369 9.6602 9.3637 9.1233 8.8665 8.4473 8.0843 7.7699 7.4929 7.2567 7.0440 6.8498 6.6939 6.5407 6.3993 6.2813 6.1645 6.0779
4.1 10.32 11.0814 10.7386 10.3695 10.0816 9.7730 9.5228 9.2556 8.8192 8.4413 8.1138 7.8254 7.5794 7.3579 7.1556 6.9931 6.8335 6.6862 6.5632 6.4415 6.3513
4.2 10.57 11.5499 11.1937 10.8100 10.5107 10.1899 9.9298 9.6519 9.1981 8.8050 8.4643 8.1642 7.9082 7.6777 7.4672 7.2981 7.1320 6.9786 6.8507 6.7239 6.6300
4.3 10.82 12.0268 11.6568 11.2585 10.9475 10.6144 10.3442 10.0554 9.5839 9.1754 8.8213 8.5094 8.2433 8.0036 7.7847 7.6089 7.4361 7.2767 7.1436 7.0117 6.9141
4.4 11.08 12.5119 12.1281 11.7147 11.3921 11.0463 10.7658 10.4661 9.9766 9.5525 9.1848 8.8608 8.5844 8.3355 8.1081 7.9254 7.7459 7.5802 7.4419 7.3049 7.2034
4.5 11.33 13.0052 12.6074 12.1788 11.8443 11.4857 11.1948 10.8840 10.3762 9.9362 9.5547 9.2185 8.9316 8.6733 8.4372 8.2476 8.0613 7.8893 7.7457 7.6035 7.4981
4.6 11.58 13.5068 13.0946 12.6507 12.3041 11.9325 11.6311 11.3089 10.7826 10.3265 9.9310 9.5824 9.2849 9.0170 8.7722 8.5755 8.3822 8.2038 8.0549 7.9073 7.7980
4.7 11.83 14.0164 13.5898 13.1302 12.7714 12.3867 12.0746 11.7410 11.1959 10.7234 10.3137 9.9525 9.6443 9.3666 9.1130 8.9091 8.7088 8.5238 8.3694 8.2165 8.1032
4.8 12.08 14.5342 14.0930 13.6175 13.2463 12.8483 12.5253 12.1801 11.6159 11.1269 10.7027 10.3288 10.0097 9.7222 9.4594 9.2483 9.0408 8.8493 8.6894 8.5310 8.4136
357
358
4.9 12.33 15.0601 14.6040 14.1125 13.7287 13.3172 12.9832 12.6262 12.0427 11.5369 11.0981 10.7112 10.3810 10.0835 9.8117 9.5932 9.3784 9.1802 9.0147 8.8507 8.7292
5.0 12.59 15.5940 15.1229 14.6151 14.2186 13.7934 13.4483 13.0793 12.4763 11.9534 11.4998 11.0998 10.7584 10.4507 10.1696 9.9436 9.7215 9.5165 9.3453 9.1757 9.0500
Appendix G
5.1 12.84 16.1359 15.6496 15.1253 14.7159 14.2768 13.9204 13.5394 12.9165 12.3764 11.9077 11.4945 11.1416 10.8237 10.5332 10.2997 10.0701 9.8582 9.6812 9.5059 9.3760
5.2 13.09 16.6858 16.1840 15.6431 15.2206 14.7675 14.3997 14.0064 13.3634 12.8058 12.3219 11.8952 11.5309 11.2025 10.9025 10.6613 10.4242 10.2053 10.0225 9.8414 9.7071
5.3 13.34 17.2436 16.7262 16.1685 15.7327 15.2654 14.8860 14.4803 13.8170 13.2416 12.7423 12.3020 11.9260 11.5871 11.2774 11.0284 10.7837 10.5577 10.3690 10.1820 10.0434
5.4 13.59 17.8094 17.2761 16.7013 16.2522 15.7704 15.3793 14.9611 14.2772 13.6839 13.1690 12.7148 12.3270 11.9774 11.6579 11.4011 11.1486 10.9154 10.7207 10.5278 10.3848
5.5 13.85 18.3830 17.8338 17.2416 16.7790 16.2826 15.8797 15.4487 14.7440 14.1325 13.6018 13.1336 12.7338 12.3735 12.0441 11.7793 11.5189 11.2785 11.0777 10.8788 10.7313
5.6 14.10 18.9644 18.3990 17.7894 17.3130 16.8020 16.3870 15.9432 15.2173 14.5875 14.0408 13.5585 13.1466 12.7753 12.4358 12.1629 11.8946 11.6469 11.4399 11.2349 11.0829
5.7 14.35 19.5537 18.9719 18.3446 17.8544 17.3284 16.9013 16.4444 15.6972 15.0488 14.4859 13.9893 13.5651 13.1827 12.8331 12.5521 12.2757 12.0205 11.8074 11.5962 11.4396
5.8 14.60 20.1507 19.5524 18.9072 18.4029 17.8619 17.4225 16.9525 16.1837 15.5165 14.9372 14.4260 13.9894 13.5959 13.2360 12.9466 12.6622 12.3994 12.1800 11.9625 11.8014
5.9 14.85 20.7555 20.1405 19.4771 18.9587 18.4024 17.9506 17.4673 16.6767 15.9904 15.3945 14.8687 14.4196 14.0146 13.6444 13.3467 13.0539 12.7836 12.5578 12.3340 12.1682
6.0 15.10 21.3680 20.7361 20.0545 19.5217 18.9500 18.4856 17.9888 17.1761 16.4706 15.8579 15.3173 14.8555 14.4391 14.0583 13.7521 13.4511 13.1730 12.9407 12.7106 12.5400
6.1 15.36 21.9882 21.3392 20.6391 20.0918 19.5045 19.0275 18.5171 17.6820 16.9570 16.3274 15.7718 15.2971 14.8691 14.4777 14.1630 13.8535 13.5676 13.3288 13.0922 12.9168
6.2 15.61 22.6161 21.9498 21.2310 20.6691 20.0660 19.5762 19.0520 18.1944 17.4497 16.8030 16.2322 15.7445 15.3048 14.9026 14.5792 14.2612 13.9674 13.7221 13.4789 13.2986
6.3 15.86 23.2516 22.5678 21.8302 21.2535 20.6345 20.1317 19.5936 18.7131 17.9486 17.2845 16.6984 16.1976 15.7460 15.3330 15.0008 14.6742 14.3725 14.1204 13.8706 13.6855
6.4 16.11 23.8947 23.1934 22.4366 21.8450 21.2099 20.6940 20.1418 19.2383 18.4537 17.7721 17.1705 16.6564 16.1928 15.7688 15.4278 15.0924 14.7827 14.5239 14.2674 14.0773
6.5 16.36 24.5454 23.8263 23.0503 22.4435 21.7922 21.2630 20.6967 19.7699 18.9650 18.2657 17.6484 17.1209 16.6452 16.2100 15.8601 15.5159 15.1980 14.9324 14.6692 14.4741
6.6 16.61 25.2037 24.4666 23.6711 23.0491 22.3814 21.8388 21.2582 20.3078 19.4824 18.7652 18.1321 17.5910 17.1031 16.6567 16.2977 15.9447 15.6185 15.3460 15.0760 14.8758
6.7 16.87 25.8696 25.1143 24.2992 23.6617 22.9774 22.4214 21.8262 20.8521 20.0059 19.2707 18.6216 18.0668 17.5665 17.1088 16.7407 16.3786 16.0441 15.7647 15.4878 15.2824
6.8 17.12 26.5429 25.7693 24.9343 24.2814 23.5803 23.0106 22.4008 21.4027 20.5356 19.7821 19.1169 18.5483 18.0354 17.5663 17.1889 16.8178 16.4749 16.1884 15.9045 15.6940
6.9 17.37 27.2238 26.4316 25.5767 24.9080 24.1900 23.6065 22.9820 21.9596 21.0714 20.2995 19.6179 19.0353 18.5099 18.0292 17.6425 17.2621 16.9108 16.6172 16.3262 16.1105
7.0 17.62 27.9121 27.1013 26.2261 25.5415 24.8065 24.2091 23.5697 22.5228 21.6132 20.8227 20.1247 19.5280 18.9898 18.4974 18.1013 17.7117 17.3517 17.0510 16.7529 16.5319
7.1 17.87 28.6078 27.7782 26.8826 26.1821 25.4298 24.8184 24.1639 23.0923 22.1611 21.3519 20.6372 20.0263 19.4751 18.9710 18.5653 18.1664 17.7978 17.4898 17.1846 16.9582
7.2 18.12 29.3110 28.4624 27.5462 26.8295 26.0598 25.4343 24.7646 23.6680 22.7151 21.8869 21.1554 20.5301 19.9660 19.4499 19.0347 18.6263 18.2489 17.9336 17.6211 17.3894
7.3 18.38 30.0216 29.1538 28.2168 27.4838 26.6966 26.0568 25.3717 24.2500 23.2751 22.4277 21.6793 21.0395 20.4623 19.9341 19.5092 19.0913 18.7051 18.3824 18.0626 17.8255
7.4 18.63 30.7396 29.8524 28.8944 28.1450 27.3401 26.6858 25.9853 24.8382 23.8412 22.9745 22.2090 21.5545 20.9640 20.4237 19.9890 19.5614 19.1663 18.8362 18.5090 18.2664
7.5 18.88 31.4650 30.5582 29.5791 28.8131 27.9903 27.3215 26.6054 25.4326 24.4132 23.5270 22.7442 22.0749 21.4711 20.9185 20.4740 20.0367 19.6326 19.2950 18.9603 18.7121

7.6 19.13 32.1977 31.2712 30.2708 29.4880 28.6472 27.9637 27.2319 26.0332 24.9912 24.0854 23.2852 22.6010 21.9836 21.4187 20.9642 20.5170 20.1039 19.7587 19.4164 19.1627
—
7.7 19.38 32.9377 31.9913 30.9694 30.1698 29.3108 28.6125 27.8647 26.6399 25.5752 24.6495 23.8318 23.1325 22.5015 21.9241 21.4595 21.0025 20.5802 20.2273 19.8775 19.6181
7.8 19.64 33.6850 32.7186 31.6750 30.8583 29.9810 29.2678 28.5040 27.2529 26.1652 25.2195 24.3840 23.6695 23.0248 22.4348 21.9601 21.4931 21.0615 20.7009 20.3434 20.0783
7.9 19.89 34.4396 33.4530 32.3875 31.5536 30.6579 29.9296 29.1496 27.8720 26.7611 25.7952 24.9418 24.2120 23.5534 22.9508 22.4658 21.9887 21.5478 21.1794 20.8142 20.5434
8.0 20.14 35.2015 34.1945 33.1069 32.2558 31.3413 30.5978 29.8016 28.4972 27.3630 26.3767 25.5052 24.7600 24.0874 23.4719 22.9766 22.4894 22.0391 21.6628 21.2898 21.0132
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1.5 3.78 2.3720 2.2680 2.1557 2.0724 1.9830 1.9147 1.8416 1.7243 1.6259 1.5437 1.4730 1.4107 1.3577 1.3104 1.2705 1.2361 1.2018 1.1763 1.1476 1.1267
1.6 4.03 2.6399 2.5252 2.4012 2.3092 2.2104 2.1349 2.0541 1.9243 1.8154 1.7243 1.6459 1.5768 1.5181 1.4656 1.4213 1.3831 1.3450 1.3166 1.2848 1.2615
Appendix G
1.7 4.28 2.9196 2.7937 2.6577 2.5567 2.4481 2.3651 2.2763 2.1336 2.0137 1.9134 1.8271 1.7509 1.6861 1.6282 1.5794 1.5372 1.4951 1.4638 1.4287 1.4030
1.8 4.53 3.2109 3.0735 2.9250 2.8147 2.6960 2.6053 2.5081 2.3520 2.2207 2.1108 2.0163 1.9328 1.8617 1.7983 1.7446 1.6984 1.6522 1.6178 1.5792 1.5510
1.9 4.78 3.5136 3.3644 3.2029 3.0830 2.9539 2.8552 2.7494 2.5794 2.4364 2.3166 2.2135 2.1224 2.0449 1.9756 1.9171 1.8666 1.8161 1.7785 1.7364 1.7055
2.0 5.03 3.8276 3.6661 3.4914 3.3615 3.2217 3.1147 3.0001 2.8157 2.6605 2.5306 2.4186 2.3196 2.2354 2.1601 2.0965 2.0416 1.9867 1.9459 1.9000 1.8665

2.1 5.29 4.1528 3.9787 3.7902 3.6501 3.4992 3.3838 3.2600 3.0609 2.8931 2.7526 2.6315 2.5245 2.4333 2.3518 2.2829 2.2235 2.1640 2.1198 2.0701 2.0337
—
2.2 5.54 4.4889 4.3019 4.0993 3.9487 3.7864 3.6622 3.5290 3.3147 3.1341 2.9827 2.8522 2.7367 2.6385 2.5506 2.4762 2.4121 2.3479 2.3002 2.2465 2.2073
2.3 5.79 4.8359 4.6356 4.4186 4.2571 4.0832 3.9500 3.8071 3.5771 3.3832 3.2206 3.0805 2.9564 2.8509 2.7563 2.6764 2.6074 2.5384 2.4870 2.4293 2.3871
2.4 6.04 5.1937 4.9797 4.7479 4.5753 4.3894 4.2470 4.0941 3.8481 3.6406 3.4665 3.3163 3.1835 3.0703 2.9690 2.8833 2.8094 2.7353 2.6803 2.6183 2.5731
2.5 6.29 5.5621 5.3342 5.0871 4.9032 4.7049 4.5531 4.3901 4.1275 3.9060 3.7201 3.5597 3.4178 3.2969 3.1886 3.0970 3.0179 2.9387 2.8799 2.8136 2.7652
2.6 6.55 5.9410 5.6988 5.4362 5.2406 5.0298 4.8682 4.6947 4.4153 4.1794 3.9814 3.8106 3.6593 3.5304 3.4150 3.3173 3.2330 3.1485 3.0857 3.0151 2.9634
2.7 6.80 6.3304 6.0736 5.7950 5.5876 5.3638 5.1923 5.0081 4.7114 4.4608 4.2504 4.0688 3.9080 3.7709 3.6481 3.5443 3.4545 3.3647 3.2978 3.2226 3.1676
2.8 7.05 6.7302 6.4584 6.1635 5.9439 5.7069 5.5253 5.3302 5.0157 4.7501 4.5270 4.3344 4.1638 4.0183 3.8880 3.7778 3.6825 3.5871 3.5161 3.4363 3.3779
2.9 7.30 7.1402 6.8531 6.5416 6.3095 6.0591 5.8670 5.6608 5.3282 5.0472 4.8111 4.6072 4.4266 4.2726 4.1346 4.0178 3.9169 3.8158 3.7406 3.6559 3.5940
3.0 7.55 7.5603 7.2577 6.9292 6.6844 6.4202 6.2176 5.9999 5.6488 5.3520 5.1026 4.8872 4.6964 4.5336 4.3877 4.2643 4.1576 4.0507 3.9711 3.8816 3.8161
3.1 7.80 7.9906 7.6721 7.3263 7.0685 6.7902 6.5768 6.3474 5.9774 5.6646 5.4016 5.1745 4.9732 4.8014 4.6475 4.5172 4.4046 4.2917 4.2078 4.1132 4.0441

3.2 8.06 8.4309 8.0962 7.7327 7.4617 7.1690 6.9446 6.7033 6.3140 5.9848 5.7080 5.4688 5.2568 5.0759 4.9138 4.7765 4.6578 4.5389 4.4504 4.3508 4.2779
3.3 8.31 8.8810 8.5299 8.1484 7.8639 7.5566 7.3209 7.0675 6.6585 6.3126 6.0217 5.7703 5.5473 5.3571 5.1866 5.0421 4.9173 4.7922 4.6991 4.5943 4.5176
3.4 8.56 9.3411 8.9731 8.5733 8.2751 7.9529 7.7058 7.4400 7.0110 6.6480 6.3427 6.0787 5.8447 5.6449 5.4658 5.3141 5.1830 5.0515 4.9537 4.8436 4.7630
3.5 8.81 9.8109 9.4259 9.0074 8.6952 8.3579 8.0990 7.8207 7.3712 6.9909 6.6709 6.3942 6.1488 5.9393 5.7515 5.5923 5.4548 5.3169 5.2143 5.0987 5.0141
3.6 9.06 10.2905 9.8880 9.4506 9.1242 8.7714 8.5007 8.2095 7.7393 7.3412 7.0062 6.7166 6.4596 6.2403 6.0435 5.8768 5.7327 5.5883 5.4807 5.3596 5.2710
3.7 9.31 10.7797 10.3596 9.9028 9.5619 9.1935 8.9107 8.6065 8.1150 7.6990 7.3488 7.0459 6.7771 6.5477 6.3419 6.1675 6.0167 5.8656 5.7530 5.6263 5.5335
3.8 9.57 11.2786 10.8404 10.3640 10.0085 9.6241 9.3289 9.0115 8.4985 8.0641 7.6984 7.3820 7.1013 6.8616 6.6466 6.4644 6.3068 6.1488 6.0312 5.8987 5.8018
3.9 9.82 11.7869 11.3305 10.8342 10.4637 10.0630 9.7554 9.4245 8.8896 8.4366 8.0551 7.7250 7.4321 7.1820 6.9576 6.7674 6.6029 6.4379 6.3151 6.1768 6.0756
4.0 10.07 12.3048 11.8298 11.3132 10.9275 10.5104 10.1901 9.8454 9.2883 8.8163 8.4188 8.0748 7.7696 7.5088 7.2748 7.0765 6.9050 6.7330 6.6049 6.4606 6.3550
4.1 10.32 12.8320 12.3383 11.8011 11.4000 10.9661 10.6329 10.2743 9.6946 9.2033 8.7896 8.4314 8.1135 7.8420 7.5982 7.3917 7.2130 7.0338 6.9004 6.7500 6.6400
4.2 10.57 13.3687 12.8558 12.2977 11.8810 11.4301 11.0838 10.7111 10.1084 9.5976 9.1672 8.7947 8.4640 8.1815 7.9279 7.7129 7.5270 7.3405 7.2016 7.0451 6.9306
4.3 10.82 13.9147 13.3824 12.8031 12.3704 11.9024 11.5428 11.1556 10.5296 9.9990 9.5518 9.1647 8.8210 8.5273 8.2637 8.0402 7.8469 7.6529 7.5085 7.3458 7.2267
4.4 11.08 14.4699 13.9179 13.3172 12.8684 12.3828 12.0097 11.6080 10.9584 10.4075 9.9433 9.5414 9.1844 8.8794 8.6056 8.3735 8.1726 7.9712 7.8211 7.6520 7.5283
4.5 11.33 15.0343 14.4625 13.8399 13.3748 12.8714 12.4846 12.0682 11.3945 10.8232 10.3417 9.9247 9.5543 9.2378 8.9536 8.7127 8.5042 8.2951 8.1394 7.9638 7.8354
4.6 11.58 15.6080 15.0159 14.3712 13.8895 13.3682 12.9675 12.5361 11.8380 11.2460 10.7469 10.3146 9.9306 9.6025 9.3078 9.0579 8.8417 8.6248 8.4632 8.2812 8.1479
4.7 11.83 16.1907 15.5781 14.9111 14.4126 13.8730 13.4583 13.0116 12.2889 11.6758 11.1588 10.7111 10.3133 9.9733 9.6679 9.4090 9.1850 8.9602 8.7927 8.6040 8.4659
4.8 12.08 16.7825 16.1492 15.4595 14.9439 14.3859 13.9569 13.4948 12.7470 12.1126 11.5776 11.1141 10.7023 10.3503 10.0342 9.7660 9.5340 9.3012 9.1278 8.9324 8.7893
359
360
4.9 12.33 17.3834 16.7291 16.0164 15.4836 14.9068 14.4633 13.9856 13.2125 12.5564 12.0031 11.5236 11.0977 10.7335 10.4064 10.1289 9.8888 9.6479 9.4685 9.2662 9.1181
5.0 12.59 17.9933 17.3176 16.5817 16.0314 15.4356 14.9775 14.4840 13.6852 13.0072 12.4353 11.9397 11.4993 11.1228 10.7846 10.4977 10.2494 10.0003 9.8146 9.6054 9.4523
Appendix G
5.1 12.84 18.6121 17.9149 17.1554 16.5874 15.9724 15.4995 14.9900 14.1651 13.4649 12.8742 12.3622 11.9073 11.5182 11.1687 10.8723 10.6157 10.3582 10.1664 9.9501 9.7918
5.2 13.09 19.2398 18.5208 17.7374 17.1516 16.5171 16.0292 15.5035 14.6522 13.9295 13.3197 12.7912 12.3214 11.9197 11.5588 11.2527 10.9877 10.7217 10.5236 10.3002 10.1367
5.3 13.34 19.8764 19.1354 18.3278 17.7239 17.0697 16.5666 16.0244 15.1464 14.4010 13.7719 13.2266 12.7419 12.3273 11.9548 11.6389 11.3653 11.0908 10.8863 10.6557 10.4869
5.4 13.59 20.5218 19.7585 18.9265 18.3042 17.6301 17.1116 16.5528 15.6478 14.8793 14.2307 13.6684 13.1685 12.7409 12.3567 12.0308 11.7487 11.4655 11.2544 11.0165 10.8424
5.5 13.85 21.1761 20.3901 19.5335 18.8926 18.1983 17.6643 17.0887 16.1563 15.3644 14.6960 14.1165 13.6013 13.1606 12.7645 12.4285 12.1376 11.8456 11.6281 11.3828 11.2032
5.6 14.10 21.8391 21.0303 20.1486 19.4890 18.7743 18.2245 17.6319 16.6719 15.8564 15.1680 14.5710 14.0403 13.5862 13.1782 12.8320 12.5322 12.2313 12.0071 11.7543 11.5692
5.7 14.35 22.5108 21.6789 20.7720 20.0934 19.3581 18.7924 18.1825 17.1945 16.3551 15.6464 15.0319 14.4854 14.0179 13.5977 13.2411 12.9324 12.6225 12.3916 12.1312 11.9405
5.8 14.60 23.1912 22.3360 21.4035 20.7057 19.9496 19.3677 18.7405 17.7242 16.8606 16.1314 15.4990 14.9366 14.4554 14.0230 13.6560 13.3382 13.0192 12.7814 12.5134 12.3171
5.9 14.85 23.8803 23.0015 22.0432 21.3260 20.5487 19.9506 19.3058 18.2608 17.3728 16.6229 15.9724 15.3939 14.8990 14.4540 14.0765 13.7495 13.4213 13.1767 12.9008 12.6989
6.0 15.10 24.5780 23.6753 22.6909 21.9541 21.1556 20.5410 19.8784 18.8044 17.8917 17.1208 16.4521 15.8574 15.3484 14.8909 14.5027 14.1664 13.8289 13.5773 13.2936 13.0858
6.1 15.36 25.2843 24.3575 23.3468 22.5902 21.7700 21.1388 20.4582 19.3550 18.4172 17.6252 16.9381 16.3268 15.8038 15.3336 14.9345 14.5888 14.2419 13.9832 13.6916 13.4780
6.2 15.61 25.9991 25.0481 24.0106 23.2340 22.3921 21.7441 21.0453 19.9125 18.9495 18.1360 17.4302 16.8024 16.2650 15.7819 15.3719 15.0168 14.6603 14.3945 14.0948 13.8754
6.3 15.86 26.7225 25.7469 24.6825 23.8857 23.0218 22.3568 21.6396 20.4769 19.4884 18.6532 17.9286 17.2839 16.7322 16.2360 15.8150 15.4503 15.0841 14.8111 14.5033 14.2779
6.4 16.11 27.4544 26.4539 25.3624 24.5451 23.6590 22.9768 22.2411 21.0482 20.0338 19.1768 18.4331 17.7715 17.2051 16.6959 16.2636 15.8892 15.5133 15.2330 14.9170 14.6855
6.5 16.36 28.1947 27.1692 26.0502 25.2123 24.3037 23.6042 22.8498 21.6263 20.5859 19.7068 18.9439 18.2650 17.6839 17.1614 16.7178 16.3336 15.9478 15.6602 15.3359 15.0983
6.6 16.61 28.9435 27.8927 26.7460 25.8872 24.9560 24.2390 23.4656 22.2113 21.1446 20.2431 19.4607 18.7645 18.1685 17.6326 17.1776 16.7835 16.3877 16.0927 15.7600 15.5163
6.7 16.87 29.7007 28.6243 27.4496 26.5698 25.6157 24.8810 24.0885 22.8031 21.7098 20.7858 19.9838 19.2700 18.6590 18.1094 17.6429 17.2388 16.8330 16.5304 16.1892 15.9393
6.8 17.12 30.4663 29.3641 28.1612 27.2601 26.2829 25.5304 24.7186 23.4018 22.2816 21.3347 20.5129 19.7814 19.1552 18.5919 18.1138 17.6995 17.2835 16.9734 16.6236 16.3674
6.9 17.37 31.2402 30.1120 28.8806 27.9581 26.9576 26.1870 25.3557 24.0071 22.8598 21.8900 21.0481 20.2987 19.6571 19.0801 18.5901 18.1657 17.7394 17.4216 17.0632 16.8006
7.0 17.62 32.0225 30.8680 29.6078 28.6637 27.6396 26.8509 25.9999 24.6193 23.4446 22.4515 21.5894 20.8220 20.1649 19.5738 19.0720 18.6372 18.2006 17.8750 17.5079 17.2389
7.1 17.87 32.8131 31.6321 30.3428 29.3769 28.3290 27.5219 26.6511 25.2382 24.0358 23.0193 22.1367 21.3511 20.6783 20.0732 19.5593 19.1142 18.6670 18.3337 17.9577 17.6822
7.2 18.12 33.6119 32.4042 31.0856 30.0977 29.0259 28.2002 27.3093 25.8638 24.6335 23.5934 22.6901 21.8861 21.1975 20.5781 20.0522 19.5965 19.1388 18.7975 18.4126 18.1306
7.3 18.38 34.4190 33.1844 31.8362 30.8260 29.7300 28.8857 27.9746 26.4961 25.2377 24.1736 23.2496 22.4269 21.7224 21.0886 20.5504 20.0841 19.6158 19.2665 18.8726 18.5840
7.4 18.63 35.2344 33.9725 32.5945 31.5619 30.4415 29.5783 28.6468 27.1351 25.8483 24.7601 23.8150 22.9736 22.2530 21.6047 21.0542 20.5771 20.0980 19.7407 19.3377 19.0425
7.5 18.88 36.0579 34.7686 33.3605 32.3053 31.1603 30.2781 29.3260 27.7807 26.4653 25.3527 24.3865 23.5262 22.7893 22.1263 21.5633 21.0755 20.5854 20.2200 19.8079 19.5059

7.6 19.13 36.8896 35.5726 34.1342 33.0562 31.8864 30.9850 30.0121 28.4330 27.0886 25.9516 24.9639 24.0845 23.3312 22.6535 22.0779 21.5791 21.0781 20.7045 20.2831 19.9744
—
7.7 19.38 37.7295 36.3846 34.9156 33.8146 32.6197 31.6990 30.7052 29.0920 27.7184 26.5565 25.5473 24.6486 23.8788 23.1862 22.5979 22.0881 21.5760 21.1942 20.7634 20.4478
7.8 19.64 38.5775 37.2045 35.7047 34.5804 33.3603 32.4200 31.4051 29.7575 28.3545 27.1677 26.1367 25.2186 24.4321 23.7244 23.1233 22.6024 22.0791 21.6889 21.2487 20.9262
7.9 19.89 39.4336 38.0322 36.5013 35.3537 34.1081 33.1482 32.1120 30.4296 28.9970 27.7849 26.7320 25.7943 24.9909 24.2680 23.6540 23.1219 22.5874 22.1888 21.7391 21.4096
8.0 20.14 40.2978 38.8678 37.3056 36.1344 34.8631 33.8834 32.8257 31.1084 29.6458 28.4083 27.3332 26.3757 25.5554 24.8172 24.1902 23.6467 23.1008 22.6937 22.2344 21.8979
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1.5 3.78 2.7161 2.5882 2.4503 2.3474 2.2369 2.1528 2.0627 1.9191 1.7987 1.6973 1.6111 1.5367 1.4721 1.4154 1.3660 1.3227 1.2826 1.2466 1.2171 1.1882
1.6 4.03 3.0192 2.8783 2.7262 2.6128 2.4908 2.3980 2.2985 2.1398 2.0066 1.8944 1.7990 1.7165 1.6450 1.5821 1.5273 1.4792 1.4348 1.3947 1.3620 1.3299
Appendix G
1.7 4.28 3.3353 3.1809 3.0142 2.8898 2.7560 2.6541 2.5449 2.3706 2.2241 2.1007 1.9957 1.9048 1.8260 1.7567 1.6963 1.6433 1.5942 1.5501 1.5139 1.4785
1.8 4.53 3.6642 3.4959 3.3142 3.1784 3.0324 2.9211 2.8018 2.6112 2.4510 2.3160 2.2010 2.1015 2.0151 1.9391 1.8729 1.8148 1.7609 1.7125 1.6728 1.6340
1.9 4.78 4.0057 3.8231 3.6258 3.4783 3.3197 3.1987 3.0689 2.8617 2.6873 2.5402 2.4149 2.3064 2.2122 2.1293 2.0570 1.9936 1.9348 1.8819 1.8386 1.7962
2.0 5.03 4.3596 4.1623 3.9489 3.7895 3.6177 3.4868 3.3463 3.1217 2.9327 2.7732 2.6372 2.5195 2.4172 2.3272 2.2486 2.1797 2.1158 2.0583 2.0112 1.9650

2.1 5.29 4.7258 4.5133 4.2835 4.1116 3.9265 3.7853 3.6337 3.3913 3.1872 3.0148 2.8680 2.7407 2.6301 2.5326 2.4476 2.3730 2.3039 2.2416 2.1905 2.1405
—
2.2 5.54 5.1041 4.8760 4.6293 4.4447 4.2458 4.0940 3.9310 3.6704 3.4507 3.2651 3.1069 2.9698 2.8506 2.7455 2.6539 2.5734 2.4988 2.4316 2.3765 2.3226
2.3 5.79 5.4944 5.2504 4.9862 4.7886 4.5755 4.4129 4.2382 3.9587 3.7231 3.5239 3.3541 3.2068 3.0788 2.9659 2.8674 2.7809 2.7007 2.6284 2.5691 2.5111
2.4 6.04 5.8966 5.6361 5.3542 5.1431 4.9156 4.7418 4.5551 4.2563 4.0042 3.7912 3.6094 3.4517 3.3145 3.1936 3.0881 2.9954 2.9094 2.8319 2.7683 2.7061
2.5 6.29 6.3104 6.0332 5.7331 5.5083 5.2658 5.0806 4.8817 4.5630 4.2941 4.0668 3.8727 3.7043 3.5578 3.4286 3.3158 3.2167 3.1249 3.0420 2.9740 2.9075
2.6 6.55 6.7359 6.4415 6.1227 5.8838 5.6262 5.4293 5.2177 4.8788 4.5927 4.3506 4.1440 3.9646 3.8085 3.6709 3.5506 3.4450 3.3470 3.2587 3.1862 3.1152
2.7 6.80 7.1728 6.8609 6.5230 6.2698 5.9965 5.7877 5.5633 5.2036 4.8998 4.6427 4.4231 4.2325 4.0666 3.9203 3.7924 3.6801 3.5759 3.4819 3.4047 3.3292
2.8 7.05 7.6211 7.2913 6.9339 6.6660 6.3768 6.1558 5.9182 5.5372 5.2153 4.9429 4.7101 4.5080 4.3320 4.1768 4.0411 3.9219 3.8113 3.7115 3.6296 3.5495
2.9 7.30 8.0806 7.7326 7.3553 7.0724 6.7670 6.5335 6.2823 5.8797 5.5393 5.2511 5.0049 4.7910 4.6047 4.4404 4.2967 4.1705 4.0533 3.9476 3.8608 3.7759
3.0 7.55 8.5514 8.1847 7.7871 7.4889 7.1669 6.9206 6.6557 6.2309 5.8717 5.5674 5.3074 5.0814 4.8847 4.7110 4.5592 4.4257 4.3018 4.1901 4.0983 4.0085
3.1 7.80 9.0332 8.6475 8.2292 7.9154 7.5765 7.3172 7.0383 6.5908 6.2123 5.8917 5.6175 5.3793 5.1717 4.9885 4.8284 4.6875 4.5568 4.4389 4.3420 4.2472

3.2 8.06 9.5259 9.1210 8.6815 8.3519 7.9957 7.7232 7.4299 6.9593 6.5612 6.2238 5.9353 5.6845 5.4660 5.2730 5.1043 4.9560 4.8183 4.6940 4.5919 4.4920
3.3 8.31 10.0296 9.6050 9.1440 8.7982 8.4244 8.1384 7.8305 7.3364 6.9183 6.5638 6.2605 5.9969 5.7672 5.5643 5.3870 5.2309 5.0861 4.9554 4.8480 4.7428
3.4 8.56 10.5441 10.0994 9.6166 9.2543 8.8626 8.5628 8.2401 7.7220 7.2834 6.9115 6.5933 6.3167 6.0755 5.8625 5.6763 5.5124 5.3603 5.2229 5.1101 4.9997
3.5 8.81 11.0694 10.6043 10.0992 9.7201 9.3102 8.9964 8.6586 8.1161 7.6567 7.2670 6.9336 6.6436 6.3908 6.1675 5.9722 5.8003 5.6408 5.4967 5.3784 5.2625
3.6 9.06 11.6053 11.1194 10.5918 10.1955 9.7671 9.4391 9.0859 8.5185 8.0379 7.6302 7.2813 6.9777 6.7131 6.4792 6.2747 6.0947 5.9275 5.7766 5.6526 5.5312
3.7 9.31 12.1518 11.6449 11.0942 10.6806 10.2333 9.8908 9.5219 8.9293 8.4272 8.0011 7.6363 7.3190 7.0422 6.7977 6.5837 6.3954 6.2206 6.0627 5.9329 5.8059
3.8 9.57 12.7088 12.1805 11.6064 11.1752 10.7088 10.3515 9.9667 9.3484 8.8243 8.3795 7.9987 7.6673 7.3782 7.1228 6.8993 6.7025 6.5198 6.3548 6.2192 6.0864
3.9 9.82 13.2763 12.7262 12.1284 11.6793 11.1934 10.8212 10.4202 9.7757 9.2293 8.7655 8.3683 8.0226 7.7211 7.4545 7.2213 7.0160 6.8252 6.6530 6.5115 6.3728
4.0 10.07 13.8541 13.2820 12.6601 12.1927 11.6871 11.2997 10.8823 10.2112 9.6422 9.1591 8.7452 8.3850 8.0707 7.7929 7.5497 7.3357 7.1368 6.9572 6.8096 6.6650
4.1 10.32 14.4423 13.8477 13.2014 12.7156 12.1898 11.7870 11.3529 10.6548 10.0628 9.5601 9.1293 8.7543 8.4271 8.1378 7.8846 7.6616 7.4545 7.2675 7.1137 6.9631
4.2 10.57 15.0407 14.4235 13.7523 13.2477 12.7016 12.2831 11.8320 11.1066 10.4912 9.9685 9.5206 9.1306 8.7902 8.4893 8.2258 7.9939 7.7783 7.5837 7.4236 7.2668
4.3 10.82 15.6494 15.0090 14.3127 13.7891 13.2223 12.7879 12.3197 11.5664 10.9273 10.3844 9.9190 9.5137 9.1601 8.8472 8.5734 8.3323 8.1082 7.9058 7.7394 7.5764
4.4 11.08 16.2681 15.6045 14.8826 14.3397 13.7520 13.3014 12.8157 12.0343 11.3711 10.8076 10.3245 9.9038 9.5365 9.2117 8.9273 8.6769 8.4441 8.2339 8.0610 7.8916
4.5 11.33 16.8970 16.2096 15.4619 14.8995 14.2905 13.8236 13.3202 12.5101 11.8225 11.2381 10.7371 10.3007 9.9197 9.5826 9.2875 9.0276 8.7860 8.5678 8.3884 8.2125
4.6 11.58 17.5359 16.8246 16.0505 15.4683 14.8378 14.3543 13.8330 12.9939 12.2815 11.6759 11.1567 10.7043 10.3094 9.9600 9.6540 9.3845 9.1339 8.9076 8.7215 8.5391
4.7 11.83 18.1848 17.4491 16.6485 16.0462 15.3939 14.8936 14.3541 13.4856 12.7481 12.1210 11.5833 11.1148 10.7057 10.3437 10.0267 9.7474 9.4878 9.2533 9.0604 8.8714
4.8 12.08 18.8436 18.0833 17.2558 16.6332 15.9587 15.4414 14.8834 13.9851 13.2222 12.5734 12.0169 11.5320 11.1085 10.7338 10.4056 10.1164 9.8476 9.6048 9.4050 9.2093
361
362
4.9 12.33 19.5123 18.7271 17.8723 17.2291 16.5322 15.9977 15.4210 14.4925 13.7037 13.0329 12.4575 11.9559 11.5179 11.1302 10.7907 10.4915 10.2134 9.9621 9.7553 9.5528
5.0 12.59 20.1909 19.3804 18.4980 17.8340 17.1144 16.5624 15.9668 15.0077 14.1928 13.4996 12.9049 12.3865 11.9337 11.5330 11.1819 10.8726 10.5850 10.3251 10.1113 9.9018
Appendix G
5.1 12.84 20.8792 20.0432 19.1329 18.4477 17.7051 17.1354 16.5207 15.5306 14.6893 13.9735 13.3593 12.8238 12.3561 11.9420 11.5793 11.2597 10.9625 10.6939 10.4730 10.2565
5.2 13.09 21.5772 20.7154 19.7769 19.0703 18.3045 17.7169 17.0828 16.0613 15.1931 14.4544 13.8205 13.2677 12.7848 12.3573 11.9828 11.6528 11.3459 11.0685 10.8403 10.6167
5.3 13.34 22.2850 21.3970 20.4299 19.7017 18.9124 18.3066 17.6529 16.5997 15.7044 14.9424 14.2885 13.7183 13.2200 12.7789 12.3924 12.0518 11.7350 11.4487 11.2132 10.9824
5.4 13.59 23.0024 22.0880 21.0919 20.3419 19.5288 18.9047 18.2311 17.1457 16.2230 15.4375 14.7633 14.1754 13.6616 13.2067 12.8081 12.4567 12.1300 11.8347 11.5917 11.3536
5.5 13.85 23.7294 22.7883 21.7630 20.9908 20.1536 19.5110 18.8173 17.6994 16.7488 15.9396 15.2450 14.6390 14.1095 13.6407 13.2298 12.8676 12.5308 12.2263 11.9758 11.7303
5.6 14.10 24.4660 23.4979 22.4430 21.6484 20.7869 20.1255 19.4115 18.2607 17.2820 16.4488 15.7333 15.1093 14.5638 14.0808 13.6575 13.2844 12.9373 12.6236 12.3655 12.1124
5.7 14.35 25.2122 24.2167 23.1319 22.3147 21.4285 20.7482 20.0137 18.8296 17.8224 16.9649 16.2284 15.5860 15.0245 14.5271 14.0913 13.7070 13.3496 13.0265 12.7607 12.5001
5.8 14.60 25.9678 24.9447 23.8297 22.9896 22.0786 21.3791 20.6238 19.4061 18.3701 17.4879 16.7303 16.0692 15.4914 14.9796 14.5310 14.1355 13.7677 13.4351 13.1614 12.8931
5.9 14.85 26.7329 25.6819 24.5363 23.6731 22.7369 22.0180 21.2417 19.9900 18.9250 18.0179 17.2387 16.5589 15.9646 15.4382 14.9767 14.5699 14.1914 13.8492 13.5677 13.2916
6.0 15.10 27.5073 26.4282 25.2517 24.3652 23.4036 22.6651 21.8676 20.5815 19.4870 18.5547 17.7539 17.0551 16.4441 15.9028 15.4284 15.0100 14.6208 14.2690 13.9794 13.6955
6.1 15.36 28.2912 27.1836 25.9759 25.0659 24.0785 23.3202 22.5013 21.1804 20.0562 19.0985 18.2757 17.5576 16.9298 16.3736 15.8859 15.4560 15.0560 14.6943 14.3966 14.1047
6.2 15.61 29.0844 27.9480 26.7089 25.7750 24.7617 23.9834 23.1427 21.7868 20.6325 19.6491 18.8041 18.0666 17.4217 16.8504 16.3494 15.9077 15.4967 15.1251 14.8193 14.5194
6.3 15.86 29.8869 28.7215 27.4506 26.4926 25.4531 24.6546 23.7920 22.4006 21.2159 20.2065 19.3391 18.5820 17.9199 17.3332 16.8188 16.3652 15.9432 15.5615 15.2474 14.9394
6.4 16.11 30.6987 29.5039 28.2009 27.2186 26.1526 25.3337 24.4491 23.0217 21.8065 20.7707 19.8807 19.1037 18.4242 17.8221 17.2941 16.8284 16.3952 16.0034 15.6809 15.3647
6.5 16.36 31.5197 30.2954 28.9599 27.9531 26.8604 26.0208 25.1138 23.6503 22.4040 21.3418 20.4289 19.6318 18.9347 18.3169 17.7752 17.2974 16.8529 16.4508 16.1199 15.7953
6.6 16.61 32.3500 31.0957 29.7275 28.6959 27.5762 26.7159 25.7863 24.2862 23.0086 21.9196 20.9835 20.1662 19.4513 18.8178 18.2622 17.7721 17.3161 16.9037 16.5642 16.2313
6.7 16.87 33.1894 31.9050 30.5037 29.4471 28.3001 27.4188 26.4664 24.9294 23.6202 22.5041 21.5447 20.7070 19.9741 19.3246 18.7549 18.2525 17.7849 17.3620 17.0139 16.6726
6.8 17.12 34.0379 32.7231 31.2885 30.2066 29.0321 28.1296 27.1542 25.5800 24.2389 23.0954 22.1124 21.2540 20.5030 19.8373 19.2535 18.7386 18.2593 17.8259 17.4690 17.1191
6.9 17.37 34.8956 33.5500 32.0818 30.9744 29.7722 28.8482 27.8497 26.2378 24.8644 23.6934 22.6866 21.8073 21.0379 20.3560 19.7579 19.2303 18.7393 18.2951 17.9295 17.5709
7.0 17.62 35.7623 34.3858 32.8836 31.7505 30.5203 29.5747 28.5527 26.9028 25.4970 24.2981 23.2672 22.3668 21.5790 20.8807 20.2681 19.7277 19.2248 18.7698 18.3953 18.0280
7.1 17.87 36.6381 35.2303 33.6939 32.5349 31.2763 30.3090 29.2633 27.5751 26.1364 24.9094 23.8543 22.9326 22.1261 21.4112 20.7840 20.2307 19.7158 19.2499 18.8664 18.4903
7.2 18.12 37.5229 36.0836 34.5126 33.3274 32.0404 31.0510 29.9815 28.2546 26.7828 25.5274 24.4477 23.5046 22.6793 21.9476 21.3057 20.7394 20.2123 19.7355 19.3429 18.9579
7.3 18.38 38.4167 36.9456 35.3398 34.1282 32.8124 31.8008 30.7073 28.9413 27.4361 26.1520 25.0476 24.0828 23.2385 22.4899 21.8331 21.2537 20.7143 20.2264 19.8246 19.4306
7.4 18.63 39.3195 37.8163 36.1753 34.9371 33.5923 32.5583 31.4405 29.6352 28.0962 26.7832 25.6539 24.6672 23.8037 23.0380 22.3662 21.7735 21.2218 20.7226 20.3117 19.9086
7.5 18.88 40.2312 38.6957 37.0192 35.7542 34.3801 33.3236 32.1813 30.3362 28.7632 27.4211 26.2666 25.2578 24.3749 23.5920 22.9051 22.2990 21.7348 21.2243 20.8040 20.3917

7.6 19.13 41.1518 39.5837 37.8715 36.5794 35.1758 34.0965 32.9295 31.0444 29.4370 28.0655 26.8856 25.8545 24.9520 24.1518 23.4496 22.8300 22.2532 21.7313 21.3016 20.8801
—
7.7 19.38 42.0813 40.4803 38.7321 37.4127 35.9793 34.8770 33.6851 31.7597 30.1177 28.7164 27.5109 26.4574 25.5352 24.7174 23.9998 23.3665 22.7770 22.2436 21.8044 21.3736
7.8 19.64 43.0197 41.3856 39.6010 38.2541 36.7907 35.6653 34.4483 32.4820 30.8051 29.3740 28.1426 27.0664 26.1243 25.2888 24.5556 23.9086 23.3063 22.7613 22.3125 21.8722
7.9 19.89 43.9668 42.2994 40.4782 39.1035 37.6099 36.4611 35.2188 33.2115 31.4993 30.0380 28.7805 27.6815 26.7193 25.8660 25.1171 24.4563 23.8410 23.2842 22.8258 22.3761
8.0 20.14 44.9228 43.2217 41.3636 39.9610 38.4369 37.2646 35.9967 33.9479 32.2003 30.7085 29.4248 28.3027 27.3203 26.4490 25.6843 25.0094 24.3811 23.8125 23.3443 22.8850
www.uponorpro.com
Appendix H
Helpful Formulas
Computing Flow from BTU/h Injection Pump Flow Rates
Simplified formula GPM = BTU/h ÷ (Δt x 500) Refer to Appendix I for more information
Example: Determine the GPM = 286,000 ÷ (20 x 500) FV = (F1 x TD) ÷ (T1 - TR)
flow of 286,000 BTU/h GPM = 286,000 ÷ 10,000
FV = Flow rate (injection loop) in gpm
at a 20°F differential GPM = 28.6
temperature. F1 = Radiant (secondary loop) flow rate in gpm
T1 = Boiler (primary loop) supply temp.
Calculating Active Loop Length T2 = Radiant (secondary loop) supply temp.
Note: The leader length Room ft2 x 1.0 = active loop at 12" o.c. TR = Radiant (secondary loop) return temp.
must be added to the Room ft2 x 1.2 = active loop at 10" o.c. TD = Radiant (secondary loop) differential temp.
active loop length in Room ft2 x 1.33 = active loop at 9" o.c.
Example: If values at Find the injection pump flow rate.
order to obtain the Room ft2 x 1.5 = active loop at 8" o.c.
design condition are: FV = (30 x 10) ÷ (180-120)
total loop length. Room ft2 x 1.7 = active loop at 7" o.c.
Room ft2 x 2.0 = active loop at 6" o.c. F1 = 30 gpm FV = (300) ÷ (60)
T1 = 180°F FV = 5 gpm
Amount of Joist TrakTM Panels (A5080375, A5080500) T2 = 130°F
TR = 120°F
Active loop length x 0.2125
TD = 10°F
Amount of Quik Trak® Panels (A5060701) and Returns
(A5060702)
Room ft2 x 0.386 (panels) Loading for Motorized Valve Actuators (MVA)
Computed at a minimum 10% line loss
Room ft2 x 0.043 (returns)
MVA draw: 0.29 amps
Amount of PEX Clips (F7060375, F7051258, F7057500,
Amps x volts = current
F7051001)
0.29 x 24 = 6.96 VA per MVA
Active Loop Length ÷ 3
Example:
Floor Surface Temperature 50 VA ÷ 6.96 VA = 7.18 x 0.9 = 6.5 (10%)
(BTU/h/ft2 ÷ 2.0) + Room setpoint 6 MVA per 50 VA transformer
40VAC transformer = 5 MVA
Supply Fluid Temp. After First Injection Point on
Primary Loop
(FA x TA) + (FB x TB) = (FC x TC)
FA = Primary flow rate after injection leg Loadng for Thermal Actuators (TA)
FB = Flow rate for return injection leg Computed at a minimum 10% line loss
FC = Primary flow rate after return leg TA initial draw: 0.1458 amps
TA = Primary temp. after injection leg Amps x volts = current
TB = Return temp. on return injection leg 0.1458 x 24 = 3.5 VA per TA
TC = Primary temp. after return leg
Example:
Example: Given the (7 x 180) + (3 x 160) = 10x 50 VA ÷ 3.5 VA = 14.29
detail above, calculate 1260 + 480 = 10x 14.29 x 0.9 = 12.83 (10% reduction)
the primary loop 1740 = 10x 12 TAs per 50 VA transformer
(boiler loop) 40VAC transformer = 10 TA
174 = x
temperature after the 50VAC transformer = 12 TA
The primary loop temperature after 75VAC transformer = 19 TA
first injection location.
the first injection location is 174°F. 100VAC transformer = 25 TA Continued on next page
Complete Design Assistance Manual — Appendix H – Helpful Formulas 363

Appendix H
Helpful Formulas
Continued... Fuel Comparison in BTU
Loadng for Thermal Actuators Natural Gas 100,000 BTU per 1 CCF (1 therm.)
(TA) Computed at a minimum
10% line loss Propane 91,800 BTU per gallon
No. 2 Fuel Oil 139,000 BTU per gallon
Fuel consumption based on
degree day: Kerosene 134,000 BTU per gallon
Electric 3,412 BTU per Kilowatt Hour (KWH)
HL x 24 x DD
F= Wood 14,000,000 BTU per cord (mixed)
E x P x TD
HL = Heating load (BTU/h) Supply and Return Pipe Sizing (at a 10ºF Δt)
24 = Hours in a day
Tubing BTU/h GPM Pipe Size (in.)
DD = Degree day
Copper 10K – 20K 2–4 ¾"
E = Boiler efficiency (AFUE)
P = Heating value of fuel (BTU) 20K – 45K 4–9 1"
TD = Temperature differential 30K – 80K 6 – 16 1¼"
F = Annual fuel consumption 50K – 105K 10 – 21 1½
Example: A 40,000-square- 100K – 225K 20 – 45 2""
foot hangar in Bangor, Maine
using an 82% AFUE oil boiler Multi-layer 10K – 20K 2–4 ¾"
(Number 2 fuel oil). The heat Composite
20K – 45K 4–8 1"
load for the hangar is 1,288,128 (MLC)
BTU/h at design. Outside design PEX 2.5K – 10K 0.5 – 2 ½"
temperature is -11°F with an (Wirsbo
indoor setpoint temperature of 5K – 15K 1–3 ¾"
hePEXTM
65°F. Number 2 fuel oil is priced and Uponor 15K – 25K 3–5 1"
at $0.80 per gallon. AquaPEX®)
20K – 45K 4–9 1¼"
1,288,128 x 24 x 8,220
F= 30K – 70K 6 – 14 1½
0.82 x 138,000 x 76
High-density 75K – 205K 15 – 41 2"
254,121,891.840 Polyethylene
F= 150K – 575K 30 – 115 3"
(HDPE)
8,662,480
250K – 1,125K 50 – 225 4"
F = 29,335.93 gallons of fuel oil
Boiler Main Pipe Sizing (at a 20ºF Δt)
F = 29,335.93 x 0.80 = $23,469/
season Tubing BTU/h GPM Pipe Size (in.)
Copper 20K – 40K 2–4 ¾"
40K – 90K 4–9 1"
60K – 160K 6 – 16 1¼"
100K – 210K 10 – 21 1½"
200K – 450K 20 – 45 2"
364 Appendix H – Helpful Formulas — www.uponorpro.com

Appendix I
Variable-speed Injection Mixing
This appendix outlines the use of When the available heat source Uponor offers a variety of controls
variable-speed injection mixing to produces higher water temperatures that use variable-speed injection
precisely transfer heat from the than is required by the radiant pump output. This output
high-temperature boiler (primary) heating system, a tempering modulates the power supply to
loop to the lower-temperature device is required. To achieve the the circulator to vary its rotational
radiant (secondary) loop in lower water temperature required speed. For residential and many
hydronic heating systems. for the radiant system, the high- commercial systems, the controls
temperature boiler water must have a 120VAC 50/60Hz output to
Various devices and plumbing
be blended or injected into the directly power small circulators.
arrangements can be used to
return side of the radiant system
accomplish this transfer. In the A permanent-capacitor,
to a level that meets the required
past, it was common to use a impedance-protected motor
supply water temperature for the
mixing valve in order to temper (no start switch) on the circulator
radiant side. Technologies have
the water between the primary is required. The maximum allowable
evolved to the point of using small
and secondary loops in a system. amperage for this output is
wet-rotor pumps to accurately
In some instances, the heat source 2.2 amps, which limits the
adjust the secondary radiant supply
(condensing or electric boiler,
water temperature regardless of the allowable circulator size to 1⁄6 hp.
geothermal heat pump, etc.)
flow activities on either primary or This type of system can use a
can be operated at lower
secondary loops (see Figure I-1). small circulator to inject a high
temperatures and dedicated solely
to operating a low-temperature The speed of the injection pump BTU/h input into a relatively large
radiant heating system. In the is automatically adjusted to deliver system flow. Typically, the injection
vast majority of systems, mixing the desired volume of hot boiler pump only needs to deliver 1⁄6 to
is required because of one or more water to the lower-temperature
1
⁄4 of the system flow for low-
of the following: radiant loop. The injection pump temperature radiant panels if high-
speed is constantly adjusted as the temperature water is available for
• A boiler minimum operating
radiant heating system demand injection. In small hydronic systems,
temperature is required.
and the supply water temperature the smallest available circulator for
• High temperature water is variable-speed injection may be
change. If the boiler return
required for other system needs. too large. It is important to
temperature becomes too cold,
• Water temperatures vary over the injection pump can be slowed properly size the injection pump
a wide range (e.g. solar heat down to reduce the heat injection and use a globe valve on the return
sources, waste heat utilization, rate, resulting in an increased boiler injection leg.
wood fired boilers, etc.). return temperature.
Radiant
High-temperature Primary System System
(Primary) Loop Pump Pump
Injection
Point
Valve
Boiler
Figure I-1: Mixing with Variable-speed Pump
Complete Design Assistance Manual — Appendix I – Variable-speed Injection Mixing 365

For proper injection pump sizing, the designer must know the following information (see Figure I-2).
FV = Flow rate (injection loop) in gpm
F1 = Radiant (secondary loop) flow rate in gpm
T1 = Boiler (primary loop) supply temperature
T2 = Radiant (secondary loop) supply temperature
TR = Radiant (secondary loop) return temperature
TD = Radiant (secondary loop) temperature differential (T2 - TR)
Note: All values are to be given at design conditions.

The formula used for sizing the injection pump is shown below.
FV = (F1 x TD) / (T1 - TR)
Example:
If values at design conditions are:
F1 = Radiant (secondary) flow = 30 gpm
T1 = Boiler (primary) supply = 180°F
T2 = Radiant (secondary) supply = 140°F
TR = Radiant (secondary) return = 120°F
TD = Radiant (secondary) differential = 20°F
To find the injection pump flow rate:

FV = (30 x 20) / (180 - 120)
FV = (600) / (60)
FV = 10 gpm
In order to provide the proper amount and temperature of supply water on the radiant heating loop,
the variable-speed injection pump needs only to inject 10 gpm at design conditions.
Direct Injection F = (F x T ) / (T - T )
V 1 D 1 R
Supply from HIGH Supply to LOW

temperature loop temperature loop
T1 Variable Speed T2 F1
Injection Pump
“Direct” Injection TD
FV
TR F1
Figure I-2: Direct Injection Mixing (FV Formula)
366 Appendix I – Variable-speed Injection Mixing — www.uponorpro.com

Figures I-3 and I-4 show the secondary loop. Consult the pump only a few feet at most.
two most common piping layouts manufacturers’ chart (below) to Use standard pressure drop
for variable-speed injection assist in the selection of the proper calculations and equivalent
mixing. Pay particular attention injection pump for the project. length of feet charts for exact
to the drop lines (or thermal calculations, if required.
In the piping arrangement shown,
traps) shown in the injection legs.
the variable-speed injection pumps
These are particularly important
are plumbed this way to limit head
to prevent ”thermal siphoning“
pressure in the injection legs to
from the primary loop into the
Primary Pump System Pump To LOW temperature heating system
}
To LOW temperature heating system
Variable-speed
}
From HIGH temperature loop
Note 2 Injection Pump
Note 1 } } Note 3
Note 2
Primary Pump
}
Variable-speed System Pump
} Note 1 } Injection Pump
From HIGH temperature loop

Note 2
Note 2
} Note 2 Note 1 } } Note 3
}
Balancing Valve
Note 1 = Maximum 4 pipe diameters apart Note 2

} Note 1
Note 2 = Minimum 6 pipe diameters apart
Note 3 = Drop line to be longer than 1 foot
Balancing Valve
} Note 2
Figure I-3: Injection into a Horizontal Loop Note 1 = Maximum 4 pipe diameters apart
Note 2 = Minimum 6 pipe diameters apart
Note 3 = Drop line to be longer than 1 foot
Figure I-4: Injection into a Vertical Loop
Variable-speed Injection Design Flow Rates

Manufactured Approved Pump Models
Design Injection Flow Rate Turns Open Nominal Pipe Grunfos (F) Taco B&G Armstrong
without (gpm) with of the Globe Diameter 15-42 Astro
NRF 22
NRF 33
Globe Valve Globe Valve Valve (%) (inches)

NRF 9
26-64
43-75
0010
0012
30 50
3**
003
007
2*
- 1.5 20 0.5 X X X X X
2.5 2 100 0.5 X
4-5.5 3.0-4.5 100 0.5 X X X X X X
4.5-6.5 4-5.5 100 0.75 X X
9-10.5 7.5-8.5 100 0.75 X X X X
9 8 100 1 X
14-15 12-13 100 1 X X X
19 17 100 1.25 X
22-24 19-21 100 1.25 X X X
26-28 - 100 1.5 X X X
35-37 31-32 100 1.5 X X
33 30 100 2 X
41-45 39-42 100 2 X X
*Speed 2, **Speed 3 (Brute)
Table courtesy of Tekmar®. This table assumes 5 feet of pipe, four elbows and branch trees of the listed diameter. These circulators have
been tested and approved by the manufacturers for use with the Uponor controls.
Complete Design Assistance Manual — Appendix I – Variable-speed Injection Mixing 367

368 Appendix I – Variable-speed Injection Mixing — www.uponorpro.com
Appendix J
Circulator Placement Options
In any hydronic system, the with a fixed amount of water, the

location of the circulator can circulator cannot add or remove
dramatically impact the operation. water from the expansion tank,
Proper circulator location and therefore cannot alter system
relative to the expansion tank pressure at that point. The two
is most critical in commercial ways to change system pressure are
applications, but can also impact to add more water through
residential jobs. the fill valve or heat the water,
causing it to expand. The circulator
Most residential boilers come
can do neither of these.
packaged with the circulator piped
on the “return,” pumping into Part of a circulator’s job is to
the boiler as shown in Figure J-1. create pressure differential to help
Although manufacturers package overcome the friction, or “head
the boilers to make shipping loss” in a system. When placed on
easier and less expensive, there the supply, pumping away from
are no performance advantages the expansion tank, the circulator
to locating the circulator on the can add its pressure differential Figure J-1
return. Figure J-2 shows the to a system. Water under higher
circulator located on the supply, pressure is better able to absorb air
pumping away from the expansion bubbles, promoting even flow and
tank. This circulator location quiet operation, and preventing
promotes a quiet and reliable possible cavitation of the circulator.
system operation, eliminates
When placed on the return,
potential air problems and can
pumping into the expansion tank,
extend circulator life because of
a circulator cannot add its pressure
the circulator’s location in relation
differential to a system because of
to the system’s “point of no
its position relative to the point of
pressure change.”
no pressure change. Therefore, to
The point of no pressure change is create flow, the circulator would
where the expansion tank connects show its pressure differential as
to the system piping in a closed- a negative on its suction side,
loop hydronic system. It’s the one dropping system pressure.
place in the heating system where As a result, the system water
the circulator cannot change the will be less able to hold air bubbles
system’s pressure. When a system in solution, creating gurgling Figure J-2
is first filled, water is added to the sounds and uneven flow. In
system until the desired pressure, addition, the circulator will
usually 12 psi, is reached. This labor and cavitation is likely, However, if some of the symptoms
pressure comes from the air shortening the circulator’s life. previously described occur, shifting
cushion in the expansion tank the circulator to the supply as
So where should the circulator
pushing against the water. shown in Figure J-2 may solve
be located? Commercially,
Since air is compressible and water Figure J-2 is the preferred the problem.
is not, the only way to change piping arrangement. Residentially,
the system pressure at that point Figure J-1 is generally acceptable,
is to either add or remove water especially if the boiler circulator
from the expansion tank. Because comes prepackaged with the
the system is completely filled boiler from the manufacturer.
Complete Design Assistance Manual — Appendix J — Circulator Placement Options 369

370 Appendix J — Circulator Placement Options — www.uponorpro.com
Appendix K
Conversion Factors
To Convert from To Multiply by To Convert from To Multiply by

Pressure Temperature
Atmospheres feet of water 33.9 Centigrade degrees Fahrenheit degrees 1.8 and add 32°
Atmospheres mm. of mercury 760.0 Fahrenheit degrees Centigrade degrees Subtract 32°
and multiply
Atmospheres pounds/square inch 14.696 by 0.5555
Inches of mercury (32°F) pounds/square inch 0.4335
Measurement
Inches of mercury (32°F) pounds/square inch 0.03614
Centimeters inches 0.3937
Inches of water (40°F) pounds/square inch 0.1934
Feet meters 0.3048
mm. of mercury (32°F) feet of water (40°F) 2.3066
Inches centimeters 2.54
Pounds/square inch feet of water (40°F) 0.1934
Kilometers miles 0.6214
Pounds/square inch inches of mercury (32°F) 2.3066
Meters feet 3.2808
Volume Microns millimeters 0.001
Barrels (oil) gallons 42.0 Square meters square feet 10.764
Barrels (brewery) gallons 31.0
Weight
Cubic cm cubic inches 0.061023
Cubic feet of water (60°F) pounds 62.37
Cubic feet cubic inches 1728.0
Gallons pounds of water (60°F) 8.34
Cubic feet cubic meters 0.02832
Grains pounds 1/7000
Cubic feet gallons 7.481
Grains/gallon parts per million 17.12
Cubic meters gallons 264.17
Grams grains 15.43
Gallons cubic feet 0.1337
Kilograms pounds 2.2046
Gallons cubic inches 231.0 Pounds grams 453.59
Gallons gallons (British) 0.83268 Pounds kilograms 0.4536
Gallons liters 3.7853 Ton (long) tons (short) 1.12
Liters gallons 0.2642 Volumetric Rate
Liters quarts 1.0567 Cubic feet/second gallons/minute 448.83
Heat Gallons/minute cubic feet/second 0.00223
Boiler horsepower (BHP) BTU/h 33479.0 Power
BTU/h calories (gram) 252.0 Horsepower feet pounds/second 555.0
BTU/h calories (kg.) 0.252 Horsepower K.W. 0.745
Calories (gram) gram/°C BTU/lb/°F 1.0 Viscosity
Calories (gram) per gram BTU/lb 1.8 Centipoises pounds/second/feet 0.000672
Horsepower BTU/h 2545.0 Poises centipoises 0.01
K.W. hours BTU 3413.0 Velocity
Feet/second meters/second 0.3048
Meters/second feet/second 3.2808
Complete Design Assistance Manual — Appendix K — Conversion Factors 371

372 Appendix K — Conversion Factors — www.uponorpro.com

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R A D I A N T H E AT I N G

AND COOLING SYSTEMS

Uponor Complete Design

Uponor, Inc. Uponor Ltd.

Complete Design Assistance Manual — Table of Contents iii

iv Table of Contents — www.uponorpro.com

Complete Design Assistance Manual — Table of Contents v

Complete Design Assistance Manual — Foreword 1

It is important to become familiar with the terminology used

Active Loop Length — The

Complete Design Assistance Manual — Chapter 1 – Glossary 3

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Complete Design Assistance Manual — Chapter 1 – Glossary 5

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Complete Design Assistance Manual — Chapter 1 – Glossary 7

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Complete Design Assistance Manual — Chapter 2 – Radiant Advantages 9

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Complete Design Assistance Manual — Chapter 2 – Radiant Advantages 11

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Complete Design Assistance Manual — Chapter 2 – Radiant Advantages 13

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Complete Design Assistance Manual — Chapter 3 – Uponor Tubing Products 15

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Complete Design Assistance Manual — Chapter 3 – Uponor Tubing Products 17

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Complete Design Assistance Manual — Chapter 3 – Uponor Tubing Products 19

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Complete Design Assistance Manual — Chapter 3 – Uponor Tubing Products 21

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Complete Design Assistance Manual — Chapter 3 – Uponor Tubing Products 23

This section outlines the manifold

Complete Design Assistance Manual — Chapter 4 – Uponor Distribution Components 25

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EP Heating Manifold, EP Heating Manifold Single Section,

EP Heating Manifold Single Section,

EP Heating Manifold Isolation

MLC Press Fitting Assemblies

ProPEX Fitting Assemblies

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TruFLOW End Cap with TruFLOW On/Off Valve Body,

TruFLOW Manifold R32 Union

TruFLOW Manifold Loop

Threaded Brass Manifold MLC Press Fitting Manifold Elbow

Complete Design Assistance Manual — Chapter 4 – Uponor Distribution Components 29

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Technology is constantly evolving.

Complete Design Assistance Manual — Chapter 5 – Economy of Design 31

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Complete Design Assistance Manual — Chapter 5 – Economy of Design 33

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Complete Design Assistance Manual — Chapter 6 – Installation Methods 35

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Complete Design Assistance Manual — Chapter 6 – Installation Methods 37

Connect the tubing to the • High R-value floor coverings

Connect the tubing to the • Ambient temperature below

3. In the R-value table, find supply water temperature and