Brief History of Science and Technology in The Philippines
Brief History of Science and Technology in The Philippines
Brief History of Science and Technology in The Philippines
Development of schools
*COLLEGIO DE SAN ILDEFONSO- CEBU 1595
*COLLEGIO DE SAN IGNACIO- MANILA 1595
*COLLEGIO DE NUESTRA SENORA DEL ROSARIO- MANILA 1597
COLLEGIO DE SAN JOSE- MANILA 1601
Development of hospitals
*SAN JUAN LAZARO HOSPITAL – the oldest in the Far East was founded in 1578
17th AND 18TH CENTURY
-Successive shipwrecks and attacks of pirates on the galleons led to declining profits from the trade that
led to economic depression in Manila during the latter part of the 17th century.
-the REAL SOCIEDAD ECONOMICA DE LOS AMIGOS DEL PAIS DE FILIPINOS founded by
Governor Jose y Vargas in 1780 encourage research in agriculture and industry. The society promoted
cultivation of indigo, cotton, cinnamon and silk industry.
-in 1789 Manila was opened to Asian shipping inaugurating an era of increase in export of rice hemp,
tobacco, sugar and indigo imports of manufacturing goods.
-the licentiate degree equivalent to a master’s degree was granted bachelor’s degree in pharmacy to its
first six graduates who included Leon Ma. Guerero. He is considered as the father of Philippine pharmacy
due to his works on medicinal plants of the Philippines.
- There were no schools for engineering but they offered nautical four year course for pilot of merchant
marine.
THE 19TH CENTURY
-In 1863 the colonial authorities issued a royal degree to reform the existing educational system.
-In 1871 the school of medicine and pharmacy were opened to UST, after 15 years it had granted the
degree of Licenciado en Medicina to 62 graduates.
AMERICANS
-Have great influence in science and technology to Filipinos compared to Spaniards.
*Established public education system
*Improved engineering and health condition
*Established a modern research university (UP)
*Created more public hospitals
*Mineral resources were explored and exploited
*Improved communication and transportation
*Science education “science”
*Researches to control malaria, cholera, tuberculosis and other tropical diseases
*Protestant church mission had reached to far-flung areas
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Science and technology was challenged by World War II. Infrastructures, institutions and public facilities
were destabilized, burned and destroyed.
The new republic has been focusing on using its limited resources. Overseas Development
Allocation (ODA) from different countries help the country improve its scientific productivity and
technological capability.
The Philippine government has the goal of preparing the whole country and its people in meeting the
demand of technologically driven world and capacitating the community to live in a world driven by
science.
National Research Council of the Philippines (NRCP) consult various sectors in the society to study how
Philippines can prepare itself in meeting ASEAN 2015 Goals.
2. Physics, Engineering and Industrial Research, Earth and Space Sciences, and Mathematics
Emphasizing degrees , licenses, and employment opportunities
Outright grants for peer monitoring
Review of RA 9184
Harnessing science and technology as an independent mover of development
Philippine-American Academy of Science and Engineering (PAASE) identified several capacity building
programs such as;
Establishment of national centers of excellence
Manpower and institutional development programs, such as the Engineering and Science
Education Program (ESEP) to produce more PhD.
Establishment of regional centers to support specific industries that will lead the country in
different research and development areas.
Establishment of science and technology business centers
Strengthen science education at an early stage through the Philippine science high school system.
In the field of education, several science related programs and projects were created to develop scientific
literacy of the country
Special science classes and special science elementary schools were established in different
regions.
Improved basic education in science and mathematics
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There are many other areas and fields that the country is looking forward to embark various research and
projects.
o Use of alternative and safe energy
o Harnessing mineral resources
o Finding cure for various diseases and illnesses
o Climate change and global warming
o Increasing food production
o Preservation of natural resources
o Coping with natural disasters and calamities
o Infrastructure and development
There are various laws regarding conservation, health-related, technology-building, and supporting
basic research , among others. Some laws are in line with international treaties such as the United Nations
(UN), United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), Association of
Southeast Asian Nation (ASEAN) and other international agencies.
Is a Filipino inventor and horticulturist best known for inventing a way to induce more flowers in
mango trees using ethrel and potassium nitrate.
Barba was proclaimed a National Scientist of the Philippines in June 2014.
William Padolina – chemistry and president of National Academy of Science and Technology (NAST) –
Philippines.
Angel Alcala – marine science.
TERTIARY EDUCATION – develops students’ understanding and appreciation of science ideas and scientific
works.
- Preparation of science teachers
- scientists
- Engineers
- Agriculture
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- Medicine and,
- Health sciences
Predicting weather conditions and seasons using knowledge in observing animals behaviour and
celestial bodies.
Using herbal medicine
Preserving foods
Classifying plants and animals into group and families based on cultural properties
Preserving and selecting good seeds for planting
Using indigenous technology in daily lives
Building local irrigation system
Classifying different type of soil for planting based on cultural properties
Producing wines and juices from tropical fruits
Keeping the custom of growing plants and vegetables in the yard
INDIGENOUS SCIENCE
A part of indigenous knowledge system practical by different groups of people and early civilizations. It
includes complex arrays of knowledge, expertise, practices and representations that guide human societies
in their enumerable interactions with the natural milieu:
Agriculture, medicine, naming and explaining natural phenomena and strategies for coping with changing
environments. Ogawa (1895)
According to Cajete (2004)
Indigenous science includes everything from metaphysics to philosophy and various practical
technologies practical by indigenous peoples both past and present.
Indigenous beliefs also develops desirable values that are relevant or consistent to scientific attitudes
identified by Johnston (2001):
Motivating attitudes
Cooperating attitudes
Practical attitudes
Reflective attitudes
Pawilen[2005] explained that indigenous science knowledge has developed diverse structures and
converts through the interplay between the society and the environment, according to Kuhn [1962]
developmental stages of most science are characterized by continual competition between a number of
distinct views of nature. Sibisi [2004] also pointed out that indigenous science provides the basics of
astronomy, pharmacology, food technology or metallurgy which were derived from traditional knowledge
and practices.
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