8051 EVALUATION AND

T R AI N I N G K I T
(8051ETK)

USER MANUAL
April 22, 2006

2
 CONTENTS

I. INTRODUCTION

II. FEATURES AND SPECIFICATIONS

III. SAFETY GUIDELINES

IV. PACKAGE CONTENTS

V. QUICK START GUIDE

VI. 8051ETK BOARD LAYOUT

VII. HARDWARE DETAILS OF 8051ETK

a. POWER MODULE

b. RESET CIRCUIT

c. DISPLAY MODULE

(i) LED ARRAY

(ii) 7-SEGMENT DISPLAY

(iii) LCD DISPLAY

d. A/ D CONVERSION MODULE

(i) SENSOR AND ANALOGUE INPUT CIRCUIT

(ii) ADCO8O4

e. OUTPUT CONTROL DEVICES

(i) TRIAC (AC SWITCH)

(ii) DARLINGTON TRANSISTOR (DC SWITCH)

3
 (iii) RELAY (AC / DC SWITCH)

f. ANALOGUE COMPARATOR

g. EXTERNAL INTERRUPT AND EVENT SWITCHES

h. SERIAL COMMUNICATION

i. BUZZER

VIII. 8051ETK PROGRAMMER

IX. SOFTWARE

a. KEIL COMPILER

b. EZ-DOWNLOADER

X. COMPONENTS LIST

4
I. INTRODUCTION

5
 INTRODUCTION

The Intel MCS-51 series of microcontrollers is widely

recognized as a standard for incorporation into wide
range of products from automatic washing machines,
vending machines, digital weighing machines,
welding machines, microwave ovens and robot
control cards to programmable logic controllers
(PLCs). Their simplicity makes them ideal for
situations where it is necessary to quickly set up a
control system. The 8051 microcontroller is versatile
and easily programmable. It finds extensive
applications in automation because of its simple
architecture and built in I/O capabilities. The use of
this controller considerably reduces the chip count.
8051 Evaluation and Training Kit ( 8051ETK ) is
based on AT89C51 and is designed specifically for
studying the functionality of MCS-51 microcontrollers
through experimentation. It is a dynamic learning
platform, specifically designed keeping in view the
requirements of both small scale and large scale
projects. 8051ETK is a multi-purpose development kit
and is used for implementing prototypes for
evaluation. The 8051ETK is aimed to train a wide
6
range of users from beginners to technicians,
students, hardware designers and experienced
engineers. Using 8051ETK just about anyone can
easily implement a prototype for evaluation.
8051ETK is also designed with features which make
it ideal as a first step educational tool, as well as an
advanced and powerful development platform.
The manual contains a start-up guide and a walk-
through of the major modules and components of the
kit and their functionalities.It also contains

INTRODUCTION

Comprehensive block diagrams and figures of the kit,

safety precautions for using the kit and maximum and
minimum power ratings.
Sample codes, tutorials, lectures and datasheets of all
the components used are given in the 8051ETK CD.
The 8051ETK kit also includes 8051ETK Programmer
for burning Hex file into the microcontroller. The EZ-
Downloader is the software of programmer which is
also available on the CD supplied with the kit.
It is hoped that the user will have as much pleasure
using the kit as we had designing it!
“The Design
Team”

7
8
9
 II. FEATURES AND SPECIFICATIONS

FEATURE AND SPECIFICATIONS

The salient features of the board are as under:-

 On Board Regulated Power Supply
 8 bit A/D Module for Real Time Data Acquisition
 RS232 Interface
 Expandable (can be interfaced with other devices
and hardware) and flexible
 Output Devices includes:
o 8 x LEDs
o 4 x Seven Segment Displays
o 2 x 20 Line LCD
10
 o 3 x status LEDs
o Power Supply
o Condition monitoring
o Relay status
o 1 x Triac (for AC load)
o 1 x Darlington ( for DC load)
o 1x DPDT 12 V DC Relay
 Buzzer
 ZIF Socket for Microcontroller
 5 x Momentary Switches
 Prototype Area ( Plated Through Hole on 0.1” x
0.1” Grid )
 All ICs mounted on bases

11
 III. SAFETY GUIDELINES

SAFETY GUIDELINES

This section contains notices intended to ensure personal

safety, as well as to protect the products and connected
equipment against damage.
 Always use the recommended power supply or
power ratings.
 Do not remove any component while the power is
switched on.

12
 Do not remove the microcontroller from the
programmer during the burning process. Doing so
may end up in damaging the controller
permanently.
 While mounting the microcontroller on the ZIF
sockets (of both Development board and
Programmer), keep in mind the correct direction of
the microcontroller.
 While testing any of the output displays (LED
array, 7-segment or LCD), select the jumpers
according to the guidelines (given in
corresponding section) for correct functionality.
 Avoid continuous non-multiplexed glow of LEDs or
7-Segment Display due to power rating constraints
of on board regulators etc
 While plugging the LCD cable, keep in mind the
correct direction of the cable.
 Do not adjust the pot knobs without going through
the details of their working. Doing so may disturb
the resolution of ADC.
 Do not touch the heat sinks, they may singe.

13
IV. PACKAGE CONTENTS

14
 PACKAGE CONTENTS

The complete kit contains the following items and may

be checked accordingly:
 8051ETK Evaluation and Training kit.

 8051ETK Programmer.
 User Manual.
 Serial Cable.
 AC Adapter.
 HD44780 20 × 2 Line LCD.
 Data Cable for LCD.
 8051ETK CD which includes:-
o Keil µVision2 Software - Full Version (4K).
o E-Z Downloader Software.
o Sample Codes in C and Assembly language.
o Lectures on 8051 Microcontroller.
o Computer Based Tutorials for use of Keil
µVi-sion2 Software.
o Datasheets of ICs used.

15
V. QUICK START GUIDE

16
 QUICK START GUIDE

Following are the steps for quick start of 8051ETK:

 Install Keil µVision2 software and write a simple C
or assembly language program.
 Compile, debug and link.
 Create hex file.
 Plug power adapter to 8051ETK Programmer.
 Insert MCS-51 microcontroller into the
programmer ZIF socket in the right direction.
 Burn generated hex file into the microcontroller.
 Insert programmed microcontroller in 8051ETK
Development Board ZIF socket.
 Turn on power switch and run code

17
VI. 8051ETK BOARD LAYOUT

18
 8051ETK BOARD LAYOUT

VII. HARDWARE DETAILS OF 8051ETK

19
 HARDWARE DETAILS OF 8051ETK

In 8051ETK board, all the four ports of the

microcontroller are fully used and yet are flexible for
external / specific use by the user. For this purpose, P0,
P1, and P2 have been provided with 2x4 headers for
external use. The headers are identified by Port 0, Port
1 and Port 2 on the board. The lay out of the headers is
shown in the FIG 1.
As P0 of the microcontroller needs external pull up
resistors, a resistor pack RP2 of (8x4.7K) is connected
with Port 0.

20
P2 on the 8051ETK board is so connected that its
output / control signals can be either activated or
deactivated. For this purpose, Port 2 of the
microcontroller is connected to controlling the on-board
devices through an 8 x DIP switch SW2 as shown in the
schematic of FIG 2. The devices can be isolated from the
Port if the switches are at off position.
Port 2

Port 2 DIP Switch

SW2
P2.7 16
1 DS1/RS <Comp LED>
P2.6 8 15
P2.5 2
5
Port 1

DS2/EN
1
2
3

7 14
P2.4 3 DS3/WR
6 13
P2.3 4 DS4
5 12
P2.2 4 11 LED
P2.1 6 RLY
3 10
P2.0 7 DC LOAD COMP
2 9
8 AC LOAD
1
Port 0

Connections to 4 × 2
Header (Port 2)

FIG 2: DIP Switch

Configuration

FIG 1: Port
Headers
HARDWARE DETAILS OF 8051ETK

21
Hardware of the 8051ETK board has been divided into
various modules which are explained as follow.

a. POWER MODULE

The kit is supplied with an AC Adapter of the following

electrical ratings and is the main source of Power Supply:

Input Voltage : 220 VAC

Output Voltage : 16 VDC
Output Current : 800 mA

The output of the adapter is connected to the AC /

DC IN connector on the board, which has the capability
to get AC as well as DC input voltage. In case of AC
input, the AC voltage is converted to DC through a bridge
rectifier “B" and filter circuit comprising capacitors C2,
C3 and C4. If adapter is not available DC input (16 - 18V
DC) can also be applied to the DC IN connector on the
board through a bench-top power supply. After applying
the proper rated input to the board, it is passed through
on board voltage regulators 7812 and 7805 for 12V DC
and 5V DC respectively. These voltages are used for
proper functioning of the board. PWR LED will lit if board
supply is proper. The schematic of power supply circuit is
shown in FIG-4.

22
Power Enable / disable Jumpers (12V, 5V, GND), shown
in FIG 3 are provided as a safety precaution, fault
tracking and for external power supply (if needed).

HARDWARE DETAILS OF 8051ETK

When starting up 8051ETK for the first time remove all

three jumpers and check voltages between 12V & GND
jumper and 5V & GND jumper respectively, using a
multimeter. To start-up 8051ETK insert all three jumpers
again and switch ON power supply. Removing a single
jumper will disable 8051ETK as current will not be
delivered to the board.
If for a particular project, user feels that on-board
regulator’s ratings are insufficient then these regulators
can be bypassed and external supply of sufficient rating
can be connected to these jumpers as shown:

V cc

12V
■ ■
R1
5V (Vcc)
■ ■

GND
■ ■
PWR LED

FIG 3: (a) Power Supply Jumpers

(b) Power Indicator LED

23
 12V
12V IN
DC IN 1 2

2 1
12V
5V
DC IN
1 2
7812 7805
D1 VCC IN
1 3 1 3
S1 AC
V IN VOUT VIN VOUT VCC

AC/DC 1 1N4004 + + GND +

GND C4 GND
+

IN AC 2

2
C2 C3
1
1 1 2
2 B
AC
-

2 GND
-

AC
-

FIG 4: Power Supply

HARDWARE DETAILS OF 8051ETK
Circuit

b. RESET CIRCUIT
The reset input is the RST pin, which is the input two
a Schmitt trigger. The reset is accomplished by
holding the RST pin high for at least two machine
cycles, while the oscillator is running.
An automatic reset can be obtained when Vcc is
turned on by connecting the RST pin to VCC through a
10 micro farad capacitor (C14) and to ground through
an 8.2 k resistor (R7) providing the Vcc rise time does
not exceed to 10 ms. For manually resetting the
controller in 8051ETK board, the yellow RST push
button VCC
is available on VCC µ CReset
the board. The Power ON
and Manual Reset circuit are shown in FIG 5.
C14
R8 RESET
9
R7
RST

24
FIG 5: Reset Circuit
 HARDWARE DETAILS OF 8051ETK

b. DISPLAY MODULE

In 8051ETK, Port 0 of the microcontroller is connected

to three different type of displays ie. LED Array, 7-
Segment display and LCD. Each one can be selected
through respective jumpers on the board.
(i). LED ARRAY
8 x LEDs named P0.0, P0.1, P0.2, P0.3, P0.4, P0.5,
P0.6, P0.7 are connected as active high for
controlling from Port 0 of the microcontroller through
ULN2803. ULN2803 is an 8-bit, 50V, 500mA, TTL-
input, NPN Darlington driver. The IC ULN2803 is used
■■■
for driving high current LEDs. In order to select LEDs

25
 out of other Display devices i.e. SSD and LCD, the
jumper should be fixed as shown.
< LED 7-SEG
>

1
2
3
VCC
P0.7 P0.6 P0.5 P0.4 P0.3 P0.2 P0.1 P0.0

dp g f e d c b a

FIG 6: LED Array

VC C

U5A
1 18
IN OUT
10
C OM
U5B
2 17
IN OUT
U4 10
C OM
1 40
P1.0 Vcc
2 39 U5C
P1.1 P 0.0
3 38 3 16
P1.2 P 0.1 IN OUT
4 37 10
P1.3 P 0.2 C OM
5 36 R 14 a
P1.4 P 0.3
6 35 U5D R 15 b
P1.5 P 0.4
7 34 4 15 R 16 c
P1.6 P 0.5 IN OUT
8 33 10 R 17 d
P1.7 P 0.6 C OM
9 32 R 18 e
R ESET P 0.7
10 31 U5E R 19 f
P3.0/R XD EA
11 30 5 14 R 20 g
P3.1/TXD ALE IN OUT
12 29 10 R 21 dp
P3.2/INT0 PSEN C OM
13 28
P3.3/INT1 P 2.7
14 27 U5F
P3.4/T0 P 2.6
15 26 6 13
P3.5/T1 P 2.5 IN OUT
16 25 10
P3.6/WR P 2.4 C OM
17 24
P3.7/R D P 2.3
18 23 U5G
XTAL1 P 2.2
19 22 7 12
XTAL2 P 2.1 IN OUT
20 21 10
GND P 2.0 C OM
U5H
8 11
IN OUT
10
C OM

HARDWARE DETAILS OF 8051ETK

FIG 7: Port 0 Connections
with ULN2803

(ii). 7-SEGMENT DISPLAY

4 Digit, Common Anode, SSD is available on the board.

These digits are named DIG1 (MSD), DIG2, DIG3 &
DIG4 (LSD). The data bus (7-Segments) of the display is
active high and is connected to Port 0 of the
microcontroller through ULN2803 as shown in the FIG 7
and FIG 8.
4 Digits, i.e. DIG1, DIG2, DIG3 and DIG4 of SSD are
active low and are connected to P2.4, P2.5, P2.6 and
P2.7 respectively through transistor switches Q1, Q2,

26
Q3 & Q4 respectively. In order to select the SSD the
jumper < LED 7-SEG > should be fixed as
■■■

< LEDs 7-Seg >

123

VCC
DS4 DS3/WR DS2/EN DS1/RS
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
R31 R32 R33 R34

a a VCC a a VCC a a VCC a a VCC

b b a b b a b b a b b a
c c c c c c c c
f b f b f b f b
d d g d d g d d g d d g
e e e e e e e e
e c
f f d f f
e
d
c
f f
e
d
c
f f
e
d
c
g g dp
g g dp
g g dp
g g dp
dp dp dp dp dp dp dp dp

DIG1 DIG2 DIG3 DIG4

FIG 8: Seven Segment Displays with transistor

switches

HARDWARE DETAILS OF 8051ETK

Table 1

27
 7-SEGs PORT DIGIT(7- PORT
OF SSD PINS SEG) PINS
a P0.0 DS1 P2.4
b P0.1 DS2 P2.5
c P0.2 DS3 P2.6
d P0.3 DS4 P2.7
e P0.4
f P0.5
g P0.6
dp P0.7

(iii). LCD DISPLAY.

Provision has also been kept to attach a 20 x 2 line or 16

x 2 line LCD on the board through 8x2 header connector
named LCD Port with ribbon / data cable, provided with
the kit. The data bus (D0 ~ D7) of the LCD displays is
connected to Port 0 of the microcontroller as given in
Table-2.
The control signals of LCD i.e. RS, EN & WR of LCD are
connected to P2.7, P2.6 & P2.5 pins respectively. In order
to enable the LCD, the jumpers LCD VCC > and LCD GND
> should be fixed as
■■■

28
 HARDWARE DETAILS OF 8051ETK

LCD GND > LCD VCC >

1 2 3 1 2 3
VCC

LCD Port

1 2
3 4 DS1/RS
DS3/WR 5 6 DS2/EN
D0 7 8 D1
D2 1 D3
9
1 0
1
D4 D5
1 2
1 D7
D6
3
1 4
1
5 6

FIG 9: LCD Port with Enable / Disable jumpers

Table 2

29
 LCD
LCD DATA PORT PORT
CONTROL
BUS PINS PINS
SIGNALS
D0 P0.0 RS P2.7
D1 P0.1 EN P2.6
D2 P0.2 WR P2.5
D3 P0.3
D4 P0.4
D5 P0.5
D6 P0.6
D7 P0.7

HARDWARE DETAILS OF 8051ETK

d. ADC MODULE

8051ETK has an 8-bit A/D Module for real time data

acquisition. The core of this module is 8-bit A/D Chip
ADC0804 (U3) on the board.

30
The other major components of the module are LM35
temperature sensor (for analogue input voltage) and
LM324 op-amp (for current and voltage amplification).
(i) SENSOR AND ANALOGUE INPUT CIRCUIT
Analog IN is a 3-pin terminal on the board and is readily
compatible for analogue input voltage through LM35
temperature sensor. The LM35 series are precision
integrated-circuit temperature sensors, whose output
voltage is linearly proportional to the Celsius
(Centigrade) temperature. The output of the
temperature sensor is linear with slope
10mV / ºC.

FIG 10: LM35 Temperature Sensor

The output of LM35 is to be compatible with input of the

ADC. For this purpose the output of LM35 is required to
be amplified. This amplification is done through LM324
(U2). LM 324 is a quad op- amp having four
independent, high gain op-amps. Connection diagram is
shown.The voltage from LM35 is amplified 5 times after a
buffer (section A of the LM324), gain of the amplifier

31
 HARDWARE DETAILS OF 8051ETK

(section B of the LM324) can be adjusted through the

adjustment pot “Gain” which amplifies the maximum
output of LM35 up to 5V which corresponds to 100ºC. It
means that total gain of the amplifier required will be
equal to 5 because the output of LM35 is 1V at 100 ºC.
Since the amplifier is wired in non-inverting configuration
so the gain is expressed as:

Vo R
Gain = =1 + f
Vin Rin
Rf
5 =1 +
Rin
Rf
= 5 −1 = 4
Rin

If Rin = 10 k , then for Gain of 5, Rf must be equal to

40k.
In 8051ETK, Rin = R5 = 10k and a 50k pot (Gain) is
adjusted to have 40k feedback resistance (Rf )

32
 HARDWARE DETAILS OF 8051ETK

12V

U2A
4

2
1
3

R3
R4

5 U2B
11

7 ADC IN
VCC 6
4

C7

Analog IN
R5
1 +
11

Vin 12V
2
3 _ Gain
+ C1
R2

FIG 11: Analogue input and Amplification

circuit

33
 HARDWARE DETAILS OF 8051ETK

(ii) ADC0804
The ADC0804 is an 8-bit, CMOS, successive
approximation analog to digital converter, which has a 0-
5V analogue input voltage range. It can be easily
interfaced to most microprocessors and microcontrollers.
It gives an 8-bit digital output with conversion time
<100micro-seconds.
The 8-bit Digital output from ADC is connected to the
Port 0 of the microcontroller. The control signals of ADC
i.e. WR (Start Conversion), INTR (End of Conversion) and
RD (Output Enable) are connected to P3.7, P3.6 and to
GND respectively. The functions of these control signals
are explained below.

(a) WR (Start Conversion): This control signal is input

to the ADC from the microcontroller. ADC starts
conversion when it receives a low pulse on this
pin.

(b) RD (Output Enable): This is also an input signal to

the ADC. When an active low pulse is received on
it, the converted digital data stored in the internal
buffers of the ADC is latched on the output pins

34
 (DB0-DB7) of the ADC. RD pin has been hardwired
to ground on the 8051ETK development board.
(c) INTR (End of Conversion): This is an output signal
from the ADC. At the end of conversion of a
particular analog voltage sample to the digital, the
INTR pin makes a high-to-low transition.

HARDWARE DETAILS OF 8051ETK

Reference voltage Adjustment

The resolution of ADC depends on the reference voltage

VREF of the ADC.
If VREF = 5.12 V, then Resolution = 5.12 / 28 = 5.12 /
512 = 20mV. For maximum application flexibility, these
A/Ds have been designed to accommodate a 5.12V,
2.56V or an adjusted voltage reference.
Notice that the reference voltage for the IC is either 1/2
of the voltage which is applied to the Vcc supply pin, or
is equal to the voltage which is externally forced at the
VREF/2 pin. This allows for a pseudo-ratio metric voltage
reference using, for the V+ supply, a 5V reference
voltage. Alternatively, a voltage less than 2.56V can be
applied to the VREF/2 input. The internal gain to the
VREF/2 input is 2 to allow this factor of 2reduction in the
reference voltage.

35
 ADC ENB
ADC ENB >>

1
2
3
Port 1

8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
VREF

VCC

20
U3 U4
7 18 1 40
Vin(-) lsbDB0 P1.0 Vcc

VccREF
17 2 39
DB1 P1.1 P0.0
ADC IN 6 16 3 38
Vin(+) DB2 P1.2 P0.1
<1.28 2.56> 15 4 37
DB3 P1.3 P0.2
14 5 36
DB4 P1.4 P0.3
1
2
3

8 13 6 35
A-GND DB5 P1.5 P0.4
12 7 34
DB6 P1.6 P0.5
1.28V 2.56V 11 8 33
msbDB7 P1.7 P0.6
9 RESET 9 32
Vref/2 RESET P0.7
5 RXD 10 31
INTR P3.0/RXD EA
TXD 11 30
R6 P3.1/TXD ALE
19 1 INT0 12 29
CLK-R CS P3.2/INT0 PSEN
2 INT1 13 28
RD P3.3/INT1 P2.7
4 3 T0 14 27
CLK-IN WR P3.4/T0 P2.6
T1 15 26
C6 P3.5/T1 P2.5
16 25
P3.6/WR P2.4
C15 17 24
P3.7/RD P2.3
18 23
XTAL1 P2.2
XTAL 19 22
XTAL2 P2.1
20 21
GND P2.0

C16

FIG 12: ADC0804 interface with

microcontroller

HARDWARE DETAILS OF 8051ETK

VREF 12V 2.56V VCC 1.28V VCC

R13 R11 R12

5.12V 2.56V 1.28V

C8A C8B
Z3 Z1 Z2

FIG 13: VREF AND VREF / 2 Adjustments

e. Output Control Devices

36
These are three output control devices connected to the
port 2 of the microcontroller. This will give experience of
controlling / activating DC, AC and AC / DC loads. The
control devices are Triac, Darlington and Relay. The
connected load must not exceed the voltage/current
rating of the devices. The schematics, of these control
devices.
And its brief description is given in the succeeding
paragraph

12
V

VC R24 EXT
C PWR
P2.2 4N25

R25
P2.2 Q5
P2.1 4N25

P2.1 DAR
P2.0
HOT

P2.0 TRIG

MOC3041

HARDWARE DETAILS OF 8051ETK

FIG 14: Optocouplers and their status
LEDs

(i). TRIAC (AC Switch)

AC Load
1
2
3

R29 PHASE
HOT

Triac

TRIG
LOAD 37
FIG 15: Triac Connections with optocoupler
(ii). Darlington Transistor (DC switch)

EXT PWR

R28

R27
DAR

DC Load
Darlington 1
2
3

FIG 16: Darlington Connections with

optocoupler
and load connector

HARDWARE DETAILS OF 8051ETK

12
V
(iii) Relay (AC/DC Switch)
D2
Relay
Relay A
1
R22 2
Q5 3
Q5

1
2
3
R23
Relay B

FIG 17: Relay Connections with 38

optocoupler
and load connector
f. Analogue Comparator

One of the four op-amps available in LM324 IC is used as

analogue comparator in 8051ETK board.
The two pin jumper Comparator above the RST switch
can be used for analogue inputs to the comparator. The
right pin is negative while the left pin is positive input
terminal as shown. The output of the comparator can be
read through P2.3 with appropriate jumper settings.
When the jumper < Copm LED> is set at left, the port
will be connected to the comparator output whose
status will be readable through software.
When the jumper < Copm LED> is set at right, the
port will be connected to the red status LED P2.3 as per
schematic 13(c)

12V VCC
Comparator HARDWARE DETAILS OF 8051ETK
1
2

< Comp LED >

R26
1
2
3

9 LM324
COMP
4

U2C 8 (P2.3) LED

10 COMP
P2.3
P2.3
11

Z4

LED

FIG 18: (a) Analogue Comparator (b) Selection jumper39

(c) Status LED
g. External Interrupts and Event Switches

External interrupt and even counter features of the

microcontroller can be simulated through push button
INT0, INT1, T0, and T1 on the 8051ETK board.
Pressing these buttons (while external interrupt/event
enabled in the software) causes an interrupt (or counts
an event) by providing a low pulse on the respective pin.
The schematic is show.
The two pin jumpers (Ext INT0, Ext INT1, Ext Event 0,
Ext Event 1) provided with each button can be used for
taking these interrupts/events form actual system /
running project.
VCC

RP1
Ext Event1 Ext Event0 Ext INT1 Ext INT0
1

2
1

2
1

INT0
T1 T0 INT1 INT0
INT1
T0
T1

HARDWARE
FIG 19: (a) Push ButtonsDETAILS OF 8051ETK
(b) Jumpers for
External connections

40
h. Serial Communication Module

89C51 has a full duplex serial port. It is also a

received buffer, meaning it can commence reception
of a second byte before a previously received byte
has been read from a register. The serial port receive
and transmit registers are both accessed at special
function register SBUF.
Writing to SBUF load the transmit registers, and the
reading SBUF accesses a physically separate receive
register.
As 89c51 microcontroller operates at TTL level (0-5V)
but RS-232 standard in PCs is not TTL compatible. Its
logic levels are -3 ~ -25 V for logic 1 and +3 ~ +25 V
for logic 0. The data rate is not too high, and as the
cable length increases, the capacity and DC loading
effect reduce the noise margin to an unacceptable
level. To overcome this short coming and to
communicate with non-TTL level (pc serial port) a
voltage level interpreter
is needed. This interpretation is done through
standard transceiver IC’s like MAX232.
The MAX232 (transceiver) accepts TTL level inputs
and converts these two RS 232 output voltage level
and also performs the opposite conversion.
On board RS 232 based serial interface has been
provided so that serial interfacing with PC is
established for communication between the board
and PC. Pins P3.0 (TXD) are used for this propose and
schematic of this circuit is shown in Fig.20.

41
 VCC

8 1
7 C10
5 3
9
4 C12 2 4
8 U1
3 5 C11
7

16
2 10
6 TXD 9 6
1 RXD

15 C13
RS232
HARDWARE DETAILS OF 8051ETK
FIG 20: DB9 Connector and
MAX232 IC
j. BUZZER
In 8051ETK board, BUZZER is connected to P3.5 of
the microcontroller for giving alarms and generating
tones of different frequencies depending on the
application. It is connected in active low configuration
i.e. it sounds by writing “0 “to the port pin in software
or by pressing push button T1 which results in
completing the circuit by connecting the negative
terminal of the buzzer to Ground. The schematic of
the buzzer circuit on 8051ETK board is shown in Fig-
21 .

VCC R10

BUZZER
+
T1
-
FIG 21: Buzzer
Interface

42
VIII. 8051ETK PROGRAMMER

43
 8051ETK PROGRAMMER

The 8051ETK Programmer included in the Kit is used to

burn hex files into the microcontroller. It has the same
ZIF socket as the 8051ETK Development Board and care
must be taken to insert the controller in the right
direction into the ZIF socket. The programmer is supplied
with 8051ETK Downloader software and the AC adapter.
The AC adapter provided is used to power up the
Programmer. An LED on the programmer board blinks
when the programmer is powered up to indicate it is
active. The same LED glows blue and red alternately with
greater intensity while a hex file is being burnt into the
controller. At the end of the programming the LED
resumes its blinking status.

44
 A
T
M
E
AT AT
L
AT
8 8
9 9 8
8
9
C C
5 5 9
C
5
1 1 C
1

5
1

FIG 22: (a) Master Controller Inserted, (b) Target Controller inserted in the
showing the right
Direction of Target Controller Direction in the ZIF socket

45
 IX. SOFTWARE

SOFTWARE

a) Keil Compiler

46
Keil µVision2 is an Integrated Development Environment
specifically designed to make it easier to get started with
application development. It is a GUI platform designed
for writing, compiling and simulating MCS-51 based
microcontroller applications. Codes can either be written
in C language or assembly language. The software
includes debugging modules which help the user test
applications. Users can simulate UART, I/O ports,
interrupts and timers etc. The 8051ETK CD contains Keil
µVision2 software and computer based tutorials.

b. EZ-Downloader (EZDL V4.1)

EZ-Downloader software burns the generated hex file

into the microcontroller. It has the following
functionalities:
a. Reads hex file
b. Erases the previous hex code from the
microcontroller
c. Writes the hex file into the target microcontroller
d. Verifies the signature bytes on the microcontroller
e. To Lock & Fast Verify, Check manually the Lock &
Fast Verify options shown in the window

FIG 23: Snapshot of EZ- 47

Downloader software