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    How To Test Reliability in Historical Evidence

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    Hala Lala
    To test the reliability of historical evidence, one should examine the source document's author, intended audience, date, location of creation, purpose, and type. Additionally, the perspective, potential biases, verifiable facts, corroboration from other sources, and representativeness should be established. Political cartoons use symbolism to convey a viewpoint on important events and encourage discussion, though they may reflect conscious or unconscious biases. Analyzing cartoons involves identifying elements, researching context, interpreting the message, noting biases, and evaluating responses.

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    How To Test Reliability in Historical Evidence

    Uploaded by

    Hala Lala
    66 views2 pages
    To test the reliability of historical evidence, one should examine the source document's author, intended audience, date, location of creation, purpose, and type. Additionally, the perspective, potential biases, verifiable facts, corroboration from other sources, and representativeness should be established. Political cartoons use symbolism to convey a viewpoint on important events and encourage discussion, though they may reflect conscious or unconscious biases. Analyzing cartoons involves identifying elements, researching context, interpreting the message, noting biases, and evaluating responses.

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    How to Test Reliability in Historical Evidence

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    To test the reliability of historical evidence, one should examine the source document's author, intended audience, date, location of creation, purpose, and type. Additionally, the perspective, potential biases, verifiable facts, corroboration from other sources, and representativeness should be established. Political cartoons use symbolism to convey a viewpoint on important events and encourage discussion, though they may reflect conscious or unconscious biases. Analyzing cartoons involves identifying elements, researching context, interpreting the message, noting biases, and evaluating responses.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    66 views2 pages

    How To Test Reliability in Historical Evidence

    Uploaded by

    Hala Lala
    To test the reliability of historical evidence, one should examine the source document's author, intended audience, date, location of creation, purpose, and type. Additionally, the perspective, potential biases, verifiable facts, corroboration from other sources, and representativeness should be established. Political cartoons use symbolism to convey a viewpoint on important events and encourage discussion, though they may reflect conscious or unconscious biases. Analyzing cartoons involves identifying elements, researching context, interpreting the message, noting biases, and evaluating responses.

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    HOW TO TEST RELIABILITY IN HISTORICAL EVIDENCE

    Reliability – trustworthiness of the sources; is it close to what really happened?

    What should you look for?

    Who write? (Author)

    To/for whom? (Audience)

    When? (Date)

    Where? (Place)

    Why? (Purpose, motive)

    What? (Type of source)

    What should you establish?

    Perspective –

     What viewpoint does the source support?

    Bias –

     Is the source balanced or biased in its viewpoint?


     Does the source use language to persuade the reader?

    Verifiable evidence –

     Does the source provide evidence (facts) that can be checked (ie. Verified) to determine
    its truth

    Corroboration –

     Is the evidence in the source supported by other independent sources?

    Representativeness –

     Is its viewpoint representative of a wide range of people or does it represent a certain


    group?
    ANALYSING CARTOONS

    What is a Political Cartoon?

    The political cartoon is an accepted form of subjective journalism. It may express the view
    of the paper, the editor, or the cartoonist, or it may be a response to public opinion. It calls
    attention to important events or highlights a potential problem, and encourages the reader to
    develop an opinion about a person or situation.

    Symbolism in Cartoons

    The cartoon is unashamedly biased. Its whole purpose is to draw attention to the artist’s (or
    the artist’s employer’s) point of view. It relies heavily on preconceived symbols to deliver its
    messages. The wolf, for example, villain of nursery tales, is easily translated into a symbol of
    viciousness and evil.

    The Impact of Cartoons

    With brevity and economy a picture can capture a moment in time, almost as it passes.
    History books, in contrast, are written with the benefit of hindsight, but while they can
    provide an overview, they are often unable to convey the mood of the moment. Many history
    books now relay on cartoons from the past to provide an immediate reflection of history.

    Through their humorous, witty, even shocking appeal, cartoons can direct a reader’s attention
    to a particular issue, promoting discussion and thought about it. They share a private joke
    with the reader. Sometimes they reflect conscious attitudes – as in war propaganda; and
    sometimes they reflect unconscious attitudes – as in the issues of class, race and women.

    From Chase D. and Krantz V. (1988) A Cartoon History of World Events 1900-
    1945 (Longman Cheshire)

    THE “ART” OF ANALYSING A CARTOON:


    1. Identify the elements of the cartoon:
    Examine every aspect – the people, buildings, background, dress, symbols – and look
    for clues to relevant historical data. Include the title, caption, quotation, source and
    date.

    2. Assemble background facts:


    Establish at least an approximate date (if one is not given) and assemble any data you
    can find about the cartoon and the situation to which it refers.

    3. Interpret and outline the message of the cartoon.


    4. Comment on the bias of the cartoon:
    Is the cartoonist sympathetic to or supportive of a particular side?

    5. Evaluate responses to the cartoon:


    Comment on the effectiveness, accuracy, and degree of impact. Compare different
    people’s responses to the cartoon.

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