Treatment: Medication

Malaria treatments
To diagnose malaria,Blood tests are the only way to confirm a malaria diagnosis. Certain
blood tests can help your doctor by showing:
 The presence of the parasite in the blood, to confirm that you have malaria
 Which type of malaria parasite is causing your symptoms
 If your infection is caused by a parasite resistant to certain drugs
Treatment
Malaria is treated with prescription drugs to kill the parasite. The types of drugs and the
length of treatment will vary, depending on:
 Which type of malaria parasite you have The severity of your symptoms Your age
Whether you're pregnant
Medication
The most common antimalarial drugs include:
 Artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs). ACTs are, in many cases, the

first line treatment for malaria. There are several different types of ACTs. Examples
include artemether-lumefantrine (Coartem) and artesunate-amodiaquine. Each ACT
is a combination of two or more drugs that work against the malaria parasite in
different ways.
 Chloroquine phosphate. Chloroquine is the preferred treatment for any parasite

that is sensitive to the drug. But in many parts of the world, the parasites that cause
malaria are resistant to chloroquine, and the drug is no longer an effective treatment.
Other common antimalarial drugs include:
 Combination of atovaquone and proguanil (Malarone)
 Quinine sulfate (Qualaquin) with doxycycline (Vibramycin, Monodox, others)
 Mefloquine
 Primaquine phosphate
There's a significant risk of getting malaria if you travel to an affected area. It's very
important you take precautions to prevent the disease.
Malaria can often be avoided using the ABCD approach to prevention, which stands for:
 Awareness of risk – find out whether you're at risk of getting malaria.
 Bite prevention – avoid mosquito bites by using insect repellent, covering your arms and
legs, and using a mosquito net.
 Check whether you need to take malaria prevention tablets – if you do, make sure you
take the right antimalarial tablets at the right dose, and finish the course.
 Diagnosis – seek immediate medical advice if you have malaria symptoms, including up
to a year after you return from travelling.
DEATHS
Nearly half of the world's population is at risk of malaria. In 2015, there were roughly 212 million malaria cases
and an estimated 429 000 malaria deaths. Increased prevention and control measures have led to a 29%
reduction in malaria mortality rates globally since 2010. Sub-Saharan Africa continues to carry a
disproportionately high share of the global malaria burden. In 2015, the region was home to 90% of malaria
cases and 92% of malaria deaths
BLACK PLAGUE
In the 1347 - 1350 outbreak, doctors were completely unable to prevent or cure the
plague. For those who believed in the Greek humours there were a range of cures
available. ‘Blood-letting’ – deliberately bleeding a vein – was a way of reducing ‘hot’ blood,
whilst blowing your nose or clearing your throat was a way of getting rid of too much ‘cold’
phlegm. Mustard, mint sauce, apple sauce and horseradish were used to balance wet, dry,
hot and cold in your diet! 20 MILLIONS DEATH IN EUROPE
Some of the cures they tried included:
 Rubbing onions, herbs or a chopped up snake (if available) on the boils or

cutting up a pigeon and rubbing it over an infected body.
 Drinking vinegar, eating crushed minerals, arsenic, mercury or even ten-year-old
treacle!
 Sitting close to a fire or in a sewer to drive out the fever, or fumigating the house
with herbs to purify the air.
 People who believed God was punishing you for your sin, 'flagellants', went on
processions whipping themselves.
 In the 1361 - 1364 outbreak, doctors learned how to help the patient recover by
bursting the buboes.
 Doctors often tested urine for colour and health. Some even tasted it to test.
TB TREATMENTS
Treatment
Medications are the cornerstone of tuberculosis treatment. But treating TB takes much longer than
treating other types of bacterial infections.
For active tuberculosis, you must take antibiotics for at least six to nine months. The exact drugs
and length of treatment depend on your age, overall health, possible drug resistance and the
infection's location in the body.
Most common TB drugs
If you have latent tuberculosis, you may need to take only one or two types of TB drug. Active
tuberculosis, particularly if it's a drug-resistant strain, will require several drugs at once. The most
common medications used to treat tuberculosis include:
Isoniazid
Rifampin (Rifadin, Rimactane)
Ethambutol (Myambutol)
Pyrazinamide
Since 2000, 53 million lives have been saved through effective diagnosis and treatment. Active,
drug-sensitive TB disease is treated with a standard 6-month course of 4 antimicrobial drugs that
are provided with information, supervision and support to the patient by a health worker or trained
volunteer.
Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the world’s deadliest diseases:
One fourth of the world’s population, is infected with TB. In 2017, 10.0 million people around the
world became sick with TB disease. There were 1.3 million TB-related deaths worldwide. TB is a
leading killer of people who are HIV infected.
CHOLERA
Cholera requires immediate treatment because the disease can cause death within hours.
Rehydration. The goal is to replace lost fluids and electrolytes using a simple rehydration solution,
oral rehydration salts (ORS). The ORS solution is available as a powder that can be reconstituted in
boiled or bottled water. Without rehydration, approximately half the people with cholera die. With
treatment, the number of fatalities drops to less than 1 percent.
Intravenous fluids. During a cholera epidemic, most people can be helped by oral rehydration alone,
but severely dehydrated people may also need intravenous fluids.
Antibiotics. While antibiotics are not a necessary part of cholera treatment, some of these drugs
may reduce both the amount and duration of cholera-related diarrhea for people who are severely
ill.
Zinc supplements. Research has shown that zinc may decrease and shorten the duration of
diarrhea in children with cholera.
Researchers have estimated that each year there are 1.3 million to 4.0 million cases of cholera, and
21 000 to 143 000 deaths worldwide due to cholera (1).
Up to 80% of cases can be successfully treated with oral rehydration solution (ORS).

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Malaria treatments

 Which type of malaria parasite is causing your symptoms

 If your infection is caused by a parasite resistant to certain drugs

The most common antimalarial drugs include:

 Artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs). ACTs are, in many cases, the

 Chloroquine phosphate. Chloroquine is the preferred treatment for any parasite

Other common antimalarial drugs include:

 Combination of atovaquone and proguanil (Malarone)

 Quinine sulfate (Qualaquin) with doxycycline (Vibramycin, Monodox, others)

cases and 92% of malaria deaths

Some of the cures they tried included:

 Rubbing onions, herbs or a chopped up snake (if available) on the boils or

Most common TB drugs

Rifampin (Rifadin, Rimactane)

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the world’s deadliest diseases:

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