Certificate: Technical University, Lucknow Under My Supervision. The Project Embodies Result
Certificate: Technical University, Lucknow Under My Supervision. The Project Embodies Result
Certificate: Technical University, Lucknow Under My Supervision. The Project Embodies Result
CERTIFICATE
This is Certified that Sumit Chauhan, Tanu Singh Kashyap & Sashesh Madaan
have carried out their project work presented in this report entitled “HAM RADIO”
for the award of Bachelor of Technology Degree from Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam
of original work and studies carried out by students themselves and the contents of
this project do not form the basis for the award of any other degree of the candidate
or to anybody else.
DECLARATION
We, Sumit Chauhan, Tanu Singh Kashyap & Sashesh Madaan students of
Lucknow, hereby declare that all the information furnished in this report is based on
This report does not, to the best of our knowledge, contain part of any work
which has been submitted for the award of degree either of this university or any
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
RADIO”. We are really thankful to our guide Dr. Shelly Garg and whole
of Technology, Greater Noida, for his invaluable guidance and assistance, without
which the accomplishment of the task would have never been possible. We also
thank him for giving this opportunity to explore into the real world and realize the
AMATEUR RADIO” which aims at controlling a certain object with the help of the
movement of the palm. We believe in this technology which is aimed at helping the
mankind. In the end I will also like to thank Mrs. Shelly Garg who also helped us
in knowing the technicalities of the project. I will also like to thank my team
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ABSTRACT
Throughout its history, amateur radio has made significant contributions to science,
industry, and the social services. The economic and social benefit derived from
amateur radio research has founded new industries, built economies, empowered
scientific spheres, amateur radio leverages this position to invent and innovate from
However, the amateur radio service, or more specifically, the portion of the
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To justify their quest for additional spectrum, industry lobbyists portray amateur
communications research within the hobby is alive and well, and many of these new
and serve as a source of creativity for both technological and social change as we
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CERTIFICATE……………………….………………………………………………...i
DECLARATION…………………..…………………………………………………...ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT…………………………………………………………….iii
ABSTRACT………………….………………………………………………………iv-v
LIST OF FIGURES…………….……….…………………..................................viii
LIST OF SYMBOL………………..……………………………………………..…..ix
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS……...………………………………………………x-xi
2.2 Digipeating 15
2.4 K3TU 16
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APPENDIX A 72-75
REFERENCES 76-78
vii
LIST OF FIGURES
viii
LIST OF SYMBOLS
ix
LIST OF ABBREVIATION
Frequency
Frequency Modulation
A type of modulation where the frequency of a carrier wave is shifted higher and
lower in frequency in direct correlation with the information which is to be
transmitted. At the receiver, the frequency of the carrier is tracked and used to
recover (or “demodulate”) the original information from the radio signal
Frequency-Division Multiplexing
FRS
GHz
Gigahertz. A unit of frequency equal to one billion (109) hertz. Historically called a
“Gigacycle”
GUI
Ham
Ham Shack
Colloquialism. The location from which the amateur radio enthusiast operates her
equipment.
Hertz
xi