CH15 Inertia Forces in Reciprocating Parts 2016
CH15 Inertia Forces in Reciprocating Parts 2016
CH15 Inertia Forces in Reciprocating Parts 2016
Inertia Forces in
Reciprocating
Parts
2 10/8/2016
Example 15.3
If the crank and ConRod are 300 mm &
1000 mm long respectively and the crank
rotates at a constant speed of 200 rpm,
determine:
1. Crank angle at which max velocity
occurs
2. Max velocity of piston
Example 15.4
The crank & ConRod of a steam engine are
0.3 m and 1.5 m in length. The crank rotates
at 180 rpm cw. Determine
1. velocity & acceleration of piston when
the crank is at 40° from IDC
2. position of the crank for zero
acceleration of the piston
Example 15.5
In a slider crank mechanism, the length of
the crank & ConRod are 150 mm & 600 mm
respectively. The crank position is 60° from
IDC. The crank shaft speed is 450 rpm cw.
Using analytical method, determine:
1. Velocity & acceleration of slider
2. Angular velocity & angular acceleration
of ConRod
WR = mR.g
Mohammad Suliman Abuhaiba, Ph.D., PE
17 10/8/2016
FL = p1 A1 – p2 A2 = p1 A1 – p2 (A1 – a)
Example 15.6
Find the inertia force for the following
data of an IC engine:
Bore = 175 mm
Stroke = 200 mm
Engine speed = 500 rpm
Length of ConRod = 400 mm
Crank angle = 60° from IDC
Mass of reciprocating parts = 180 kg
Example 15.7
Crank-pin circle radius of a horizontal engine is 300
mm. The mass of reciprocating parts is 250 kg. When
the crank has travelled 60° from IDC, the difference
between driving & back pressures is 0.35 N/mm2. The
ConRod length between centers is 1.2 m & the
cylinder bore is 0.5 m. If engine runs at 250 rpm & if
the effect of piston rod diameter is neglected,
calculate :
1. Piston effort
2. Thrust in ConRod
3. Tangential force on crank-pin
4. Turning moment on crank shaft
Mohammad Suliman Abuhaiba, Ph.D., PE
32 10/8/2016
Example 15.8
A vertical double acting steam engine has a
cylinder 300 mm diameter & 450 mm stroke
and runs at 200 rpm. The reciprocating parts
has a mass of 225 kg & piston rod is 50 mm
diameter. The ConRod is 1.2 m long. When
the crank has turned through 125° from IDC,
steam pressure above piston is 30 kN/m2 &
below piston is 1.5 kN/m2. Calculate
effective turning moment on the crank shaft.
Example 15.9
Crank & ConRod of a petrol engine, running at 1800
rpm are 50 mm & 200 mm respectively. The diameter
of piston is 80 mm & mass of reciprocating parts is 1
kg. At a point during the power stroke, pressure on
piston is 0.7 N/mm2, when it has moved 10 mm from
IDC. Determine :
1. Net load on gudgeon pin
2. Thrust in ConRod
3. Reaction between piston & cylinder
4. Engine speed at which the above values
become zero
Mohammad Suliman Abuhaiba, Ph.D., PE
34 10/8/2016
Example 15.11
A vertical petrol engine 100 mm diameter & 120 mm
stroke has a ConRod 250 mm long. The mass of
piston is 1.1 kg. The speed is 2000 rpm. On the
expansion stroke with a crank 20° from IDC, the gas
pressure is 700 kN/m2. Determine:
1. Net force on piston
2. Resultant load on gudgeon pin
3. Thrust on cylinder walls
4. Speed above which, other things remaining
same, the gudgeon pin load would be reversed
in direction
Mohammad Suliman Abuhaiba, Ph.D., PE
36 10/8/2016
Example 15.12
A horizontal steam engine running at 120 rpm has a
bore of 250 mm & a stroke of 400 mm. The ConRod
is 0.6 m & mass of reciprocating parts is 60 kg. When
the crank has turned through an angle of 45° from
IDC, the steam pressure on cover end side is 550
kN/m2 & that on crank end side is 70 kN/m2.
Considering the diameter of piston rod equal to 50
mm, determine:
1. Turning moment on crank shaft
2. Thrust on bearings
3. Acceleration of flywheel, if the power of engine
is 20 kW, mass of flywheel 60 kg & radius of
gyration 0.6 m
Mohammad Suliman Abuhaiba, Ph.D., PE
37 10/8/2016
Compound Pendulum
compound pendulum:
a vertically suspended
RB oscillating with a
small amplitude under
action of gravity
m = Mass of pendulum
W=mg
kG = Radius of gyration
about G
Compound Pendulum
If pendulum is given a
small angular
displacement q, then
couple tending to restore
pendulum to equilibrium
position OA,
Compound Pendulum
Angular acceleration of pendulum
Compound Pendulum
kG = Radius of gyration
about G
Example 15.15
ConRod of a gasoline
engine is 300 mm long
between its centers. It has
a mass of 15 kg & mass
moment of inertia of 7000
kg.mm2. Its CG is at 200
mm from its small end
center. Determine
dynamical equivalent two
mass system of ConRod if
one of masses is located
at small end center. Mohammad Suliman Abuhaiba, Ph.D., PE
48 10/8/2016
Example 15.16
A ConRod is suspended from
a point 25 mm above the
center of small end, and 650
mm above its CG, its mass
being 37.5 kg. When
permitted to oscillate, time
period is found to be 1.87
seconds. Find dynamical
equivalent system constituted
of two masses, one of which is
located at small end center.
Mohammad Suliman Abuhaiba, Ph.D., PE
49 10/8/2016
Example 15.17
The following data relate to a
ConRod of a reciprocating engine:
Mass = 55 kg; Distance between
bearing centers = 850 mm;
Diameter of small end bearing = 75
mm; Diameter of big end bearing =
100 mm; Time of oscillation when
ConRod is suspended from small
end = 1.83 s; Time of oscillation
when ConRod is suspended from
big end = 1.68 s.
Example 15.17
Determine:
1. Radius of gyration of rod
about an axis passing
through CG & perpendicular
to plane of oscillation
2. Moment of inertia of rod
about same axis
3. Dynamically equivalent
system for ConRod,
constituted of two masses,
one of which is situated at
small end center.
Mohammad Suliman Abuhaiba, Ph.D., PE
51 10/8/2016
Example 15.18
A ConRod has a mass of 2 kg and the
distance between center of gudgeon pin &
center of crank pin is 250 mm. The CG falls at
a point 100 mm from the gudgeon pin along
the line of centers. The radius of gyration
about an axis through CG perpendicular to
plane of rotation is 110 mm.
Example 15.18
1. Find the equivalent dynamical system if
only one of masses is located at gudgeon
pin.
2. If ConRod is replaced by two masses, one
at gudgeon pin and the other at crank
pin and the angular acceleration of rod is
23000 rad/s2 cw, determine the
correction couple applied to the system
to reduce it to a dynamically equivalent
system.
Example 15.20
The following data refer to a steam engine:
Diameter of piston = 240 mm
Stroke = 600 mm
length of ConRod = 1.5 m
mass of reciprocating parts = 300 kg
mass of ConRod = 250 kg
speed = 125 rpm
CG of ConRod from crank pin = 500 mm
radius of gyration of ConRod about an axis through CG =
650 mm
Determine magnitude & direction of torque exerted on
crankshaft when crank has turned through 30° from IDC.
Mohammad Suliman Abuhaiba, Ph.D., PE
71 10/8/2016
Example 15.21
A vertical engine running at
1200 rpm with a stroke of 110
mm, has a ConRod 250 mm
between centers and mass
1.25 kg. The mass center of the
ConRod is 75 mm from the big
end center and when
suspended as a pendulum
from the gudgeon pin axis
makes 21 complete oscillations
in 20 seconds. Mohammad Suliman Abuhaiba, Ph.D., PE
72 10/8/2016
Example 15.21
For the position shown When the
crank is at 40° from TDC & the piston is
moving downwards,
1. Calculate radius of gyration of
ConRod about an axis through its
mass center.
2. find acceleration of piston and
angular acceleration of ConRod
3. Find the inertia torque exerted on
the crankshaft.