SSRG International Journal of Civil Engineering (SSRG - IJCE) – Volume 5 Issue 4–April 2018

Analysis and Design of Sewage Treatment

Plant: A Case Study on Vizianagaram
Municipality
M. Bhargavi #1 E. Ananta Rao #2 T.Pravallika #3 Y. Sri Teja #4
#1
Assistant Professor & Department of Civil Engineering & Sathya Institute of Techonology and Management ,
Vizianagaram, AP, India
#2,#3,#4
Students & Department of civil engineering

Abstract trap solid objects and sedimentation by gravity to

The main objective of this study is carried remove suspended solids. This level is sometimes
out to design of a sewage treatment plant for a referred to as “Mechanical Treatment” although
vizianagaram municipality, because it has been a chemicals are often used to accelerate the
developing place due to steady increase increasing sedimentation process. Primary treatment can reduce
population, which in results excess of sewage is the BOD of the incoming wastewater by 20-30% and
produced. To avoid this problem, to construct the the Total suspended solids by some 50-60%. Primary
sewage treatment plant. This paper focuses on sewage treatment is the first stage of sewage treatment.
generation in vizianagaram area, which was The secondary treatment removes the
estimated 38.203MLD considering population of next dissolved organic matter that escapes primary
30 years. We are designed the various components of treatment. Secondary treatment is typically performed
sewage treatment plant like screens, grit chamber, by indigenous , water-borne micro-organisms in a
primary sedimentation tank, activated sludge process, managed habitat. It requires a separation process to
sludge drying beds. It is proposed to design the remove the micro-organisms from the treated water
various components of sewage treatment plant prior to discharge or tertiary treatment.
considering various standards and permissible limits Tertiary treatment is sometimes is defined as
of treated sewage water. The treated water will be anything more than primary and secondary treatment
used for irrigating the crops and the sludge which is in order to allow ejection into a highly sensitive or
generated after the treatment will be used as manure, fragile ecosystem. Tertiary treatment can remove more
so it increases the fertility of soil. Also reduce the than 99% of all the impurities from sewage, producing
ground water usage. an effluent of almost drinking water quality. Treated
water is sometimes disinfected chemically or
Keywords - Sewage treatment plant, Irrigation, physically prior to discharge into a stream , river or
Sludge, Manure, Ground water, Sedimentation. wetland.

I. INTRODUCTION II. STUDY AREA

Vizianagaram is the major town of this district in
Water plays an important role in the north eastern, Andhra Pradesh. It is located about
development of any activity in the world. Due to the 18km inland from the Bay of Bengal and 40km
growth of population, consumption of water resources northwest of Visakhapatnam. Vizianagaram is located
is more and availability is less. So the demand for
at 180121N Latitude to 830241E Longitude. It has an
water is increasing. Sewage treatment is the process average elevation of 74 metres.
of removing contaminants from waste water, primarily
from household sewage. Physical, chemical and
biological processes are used to remove contaminants
and produce treated wastewater that is safer for the
environment. A by-product of sewage treatment is
usually semi-solid waste or slurry called sewage
sludge. The sludge has to undergo further treatment
before being suitable for disposal or application to
land. Sewage can be treated close to where the sewage
is created, which may be called a decentralised system.
The treatment process has a series of treating units
which are categorized under primary treatment ,
secondary treatment and tertiary treatment.
The primary treatment removes suspended & Fig 1: Study Area Of Vizianagaram
floating solids of raw sewage. It includes screening to

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 SSRG International Journal of Civil Engineering (SSRG - IJCE) – Volume 5 Issue 4–April 2018
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III.LITERATURE REVIEW public health. Its objective is to produce an

environmental safe fluid waste and solid waste
Puspalatha et.al (2016) reviewed on design suitable for disposal or reuse
approach for sewage treatment plant. A case study of .
srikakulam greater municipality. The present study Table no:1 Population Data:
YEAR POPULATION POPULATION AVERAGE RATE
involves the analysis of parameters like BOD, raw RATE OF POPULATION
sewage, effluent. The construction of sewage
treatment plant will prevent the direct disposal of 1998 171873 -
sewage in nagavali river and the use of treated water 2008 195801 13.92 15.26
will reduce the surface water and contaminated ground 2018 228720 16.22 15.26
water.
2028 263852 15.26 15.26
Pramod sambhaji patil et.al.(2016) studied on
design of sewage treatment plant for dhule city . Some 2038 304380 15.26 15.26
treatment units are designed like screens, grit chamber, 2048 351132 15.26 15.26
storage tank, settling tank, aeration tank and skimming
tank. The effluent can also be used for artificial
recharge of ground water, flushing, foam control, fire
protection, lawn sprinkling .
Murthy polasa et.al (2014) reviewed about design
of sewage treatment plant for gated community. In this
project three types of treatment unit operations are
conducted. Like physical, chemical and biological
processes. By increasing the detention time of sewage
in each treatment unit increases the efficiency of
removal unwanted impurities .
Chakar bhushan et al. (2017) reviewed about
design of sewage treatment plant for lohegaon village,
Pune. This project studied that social and
environmental pollution issue due to sewage is
disposed in some part of village and directly sewage
drain in open land. It is used for recharging sub
surface water level at lohegaon and used for irrigation
purpose.
M. Aswathy et al.(2017) studied on analysis Fig2:Graphical representation of population forecast
and design of sewage treatment plant of apartment in
Chennai. This project is studied that domestic and
commercial waste and removes the material with
possess harm from generated public. To produce an
environmental sewage fluid waste stream and solid
waste suitable from disposal of use.
S. Ramya et al.(2015) reviewed on design of
sewage treatment plant and characteristics of sewage.
The growing environmental pollution need for
decontaminating water results in the study of
characterization of waste water especially domestic
sewage. The waste water leads to developing and
implementing new treatment techniques to control
nitrogen and other priority pollutants.
Fig3: Schematic Diagram Of Sewage Treatment
IV. METHODOLOGY Plant
Vizianagaram district has been a developing
place due to steady increase in population, there will Schematic diagram of sewage treatment plant
be more generation of domestic and municipal sewage. Quantity of effluent in lit/day:
So there is a basic need of construction of sewage 136 x 351132
treatment plant with a view of sufficient capacity to = 47753592 lit/day
treat the sewage. A sewage treatment plant is quite Volume of sewage : 80% of wastage
necessary to receive the domestic and household waste
and thus removing the materials which harms for

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 SSRG International Journal of Civil Engineering (SSRG - IJCE) – Volume 5 Issue 4–April 2018
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 The design period should be in between 25 to

V. DESIGN OF TREATMENT UNITS 30 years
 Estimated population by the year 2048 is
Population as calculated by geometrical 351132 numbers
increase method : 3,51,132
Sewage: 136 lit/capita/day A. Screens: generally the standard parameters of
=80/100 (47753592)=38203 .162 m3/day screens are width should be in between 6mm to 20mm,
depth should be in between 30mm to 80mm, dia of
bars should be in between 6mm to 12mm and the
Design of screen chamber: spacing between the bars should be in between 6mm
Total flow of sewage = 38203.162m3/day to 40mm. After designing the screens obtained values
Design of trickling filter : are width is 9mm, depth is 50mm, dia of bars is 6mm,
BOD concentration = 230 mg/lit and spacing of bars is 36mm.
BOD left in sewage entering the filter unit is
W = 8786.70 x 0.7 = 6150.683 kg / day B. Grit Chamber: generally the standard parameters
Efficiency of filter = 81.36% of grit chamber are length should be in between 7.5m
Volume of filter = 12012.700 m3 to 20m, width should be in between 1m to 7m, depth
Recirculation ratio = 1.5 should be in between 1m to 5m. After designing the
Surface area of filter = 6673.722 m2 grit chamber obtained values are length is 15m, width
Dia of trickling filter = 46.09 m is 1.5m, and depth is 1m.
Depth of trickling filter = 1.8 m
C. Skimming Tank: generally the standard parameters
Design of aeration tank: Discharge of aeration tank = of skimming tank are length should be in between
37916.80 m3/day 0.6m to 1m, width should be in between 0.5m to 1m,
Capacity of aeration tank = 19988 m3 depth should be in between 1m to 1.5m. After
Detention Period of aeration tank = 13hrs designing the skimming tank obtained values are
length is 0.83m, width is 0.8m, and depth is 1m.
ratio = 0.2334 kg BOD per day / kg of MLSS
Design of sludge drying beds: D. Sedimentation Tank: generally the standard
Volume of wet sludge = 388.8 m3 /day parameters of sedimentation tank are length should be
Area of each bed = 454.11 m2 maximum up to 90m, width should be maximum
No of beds = 100 30m, depth should be minimum 2m, and free board
Size of drying bed = 15m x 30.3 m should be 0.6(max). After designing the sedimentation
tank obtained values are length is 76m, width is 18m,
Peak flow = 0.4421 m3/day depth is 4m, and free board is 0.5m
Size of screen chamber = 9 mm x 50mm
Design of grit chamber: E. Trickling Filter: generally the standard parameters
Total flow of sewage = 38203.162 m3/day of trickling filter are dia should be in between 30m to
Detention period of grit chamber =50sec 60m and depth should be in between 1.2m to 1.8m.
Size of grit chamber = 15m x 1.5m x1m After designing the trickling filter obtained values are
Design of skimming tank: dia is 41.5m and depth is 1.8m.
Surface area of skimming tank = 0.660 m2
size of skimming tank = 0.83 x0.8m F. Aeration Tank: generally the standard parameters
Design of primary sedimentation tank: of aeration tank are length should be in between 30m
Capacity of tank required = 3183.60 m3 to 100m, width should be in between 5m to 10m, and
Detention time = 2hrs depth should be in between 3m to 4.5m. After
Size of sedimentation tank = 76m x 18m x4m designing the aeration tank obtained values are length
is 85m, width is 10m, and depth is 3.6m.
VI. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
G. Drying Beds: generally the standard parameters of
This deals with the Analysis and Design of sludge drying beds are length should be in between
sewage treatment plant for the population of 30m to 45m, and width should be in between 6m to
vizianagaram town. The vizianagaram district is 15m. after designing the sludge drying beds obtained
located at 18012' N latitude 83042' E longitude. The values are length is 30.3m, and width is 15m
location of sewage treatment plant should be nearer to
the point where sewage is disposed finally.
The designed considerations and parameters for the
sewage treatment plant are given below:

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 SSRG International Journal of Civil Engineering (SSRG - IJCE) – Volume 5 Issue 4–April 2018
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DESIGN PARAMETERS DESIGNED VALUES STANDARD VALUES

Width = 9mm Width = 6mm – 20mm

Depth = 50mm Depth = 30mm – 80mm
Dimension of screen
Bars = 6mm Bars = 6mm – 12mm
Spacing = 36mm Spacing = 6mm – 40mm
Numbers =1 ……………………………….
Length = 15m Length = 7.5m - 20m
Grit chamber
Width = 1.5m Width = 1m - 7m
Depth = 1m Depth = 1m - 5m
Length = 0.83m Length = 0.6m – 1.2m
Skimming tank Width = 0.8m Width = 0.5m – 1m
Depth = 1m Depth = 1m -1.5m
Length = 76m Length = 90m (max)
Width = 18m Width = 30m (max)
Sedimentation tank
Depth = 4m Depth = 2m (min)
Free board = 0.5m Free board = 0.6m (max)
Dia = 41.5m Dia = 30m - 60m
Trickling filter
Depth = 1.8m Depth = 1.2m - 1.8m
Numbers = 10 ………………………………
Length = 85m Length = 30m – 100m
Aeration tank
Width = 10m Width = 5m – 10m
Depth = 3.6m Depth = 3m – 4.5m

Length =30.3m Length =30 m-45m

Sludge drying beds
Width = 15m Width = 6m -15m

Depth =0.5m Depth =0.5 m

VII. CONCLUSIONS ACKNOWLEDGMENT

1. The project deals with design parameters of sewage
We would like to express my gratitude to all
treatment plant.
people behind the screen who helped us to transform
2. The design has been done for predicted population
an idea into real application.
of 30 years (2018-2048).
We express our sincere thanks to Ms.
3. Although the project and the data helps in DESIGN
OF SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT in future. P.SUMANJALI, Head of the Civil Engineering
4. The plant is designed perfectly to meet the needs Department for her support and guidance for doing the
and demands of appropriate 300000 population with a project.
very large time period. We express our gratitude to our guide Ms.
5. The treated sewage water is further used for the M.BHARGAVI, Assistant professor of Civil
irrigation, fire protection, and toilet flushing in public, Engineering Department for his guidance and care
commercial and industrial buildings and if it is taken by her in helping us to complete the project
sufficiently clean, it can be used for ground water work successfully. Throughout this project work, his
recharge. useful suggestions and constant encouragement has
gone a long way in helping us in completing in project.

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 SSRG International Journal of Civil Engineering (SSRG - IJCE) – Volume 5 Issue 4–April 2018
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Finally we would like to acknowledge with [13] Gorani M.A, Jordan Ebraheem, “Location optrimization of
waste water treatment plant using GIS’ A case study in Umm
gratitude for the encouragement and support given by Durmain/Karary”, USA, 2012.
my friends and parents. [14] D.S.Munasinghe, P.G.R.N.I. Pussella, M.D.E.K, Gunathilaka,
“Integration of GIS and AHP for suitable site selection of
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