7VH83 Catalog Sheet
7VH83 Catalog Sheet
7VH83 Catalog Sheet
LABORATORY MANUAL
DEPARTMENT
OF
ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
INDEX
Prepared by Omprakash
Prepared by Omprakash
B.M.A.S. Engineering College, Agra-007
EXPERIMENT NO.
Object:- To find out A,B,C,D, parameters, Hybrid parameter and image parameters of a
given transmission line
Instrument Used:-Transmission line model is consisting of four sections of
transmission on line operatable at 220V with current rating at 2A connected in π network. A
continuous variable power supply with two digital voltmeter and two digital ammeters
mounted on front panel fitted in ms sheet box complete with patch chords for
interconnections.
Note: Transmission line model consists of four sections and each section represents 50 km
long 400KV transmission line. Parameters of 50km ling 400KV Transmission line are taken
as :-
Series inductance = 80mH
Series Resistance = 2Ω
Shunt capacitance = 0.47μF
Leakage resistance (shunt conductance) = 470kmho
For actual 400KV transmission line range of parameter is-
Prepared by Omprakash
Prepared by Omprakash
B.M.A.S. Engineering College, Agra-007
~
Transmission line
model
VS A B VR
= C D
IS IR
In hybrid parameter representation both short circuit and open circuit terminal conditions are
utilized hence this parameter representation
Is known as hybrid parameter representation.
Here:-
h11 h12
VS = h h IR
21 22
-IR C D VR
VS
h11 = --------------- Input impedance and unit is ohms.
IS
VS
h21 = --------------- Forward current gain and is a unitless quantity.
IS
Prepared by Omprakash
Prepared by Omprakash
B.M.A.S. Engineering College, Agra-007
VS
h12 = --------------- Reverse Voltage gain and has no unit
VR
IR
h22 = --------------- Output admittance and is expressed in mho.
VR
In a transmission line if the impedance at the sending end with Z 12 at receiving end Z11be and
simultaneously the impedance looking back from receiving end with Z11 at input port is Z12
then Z11 and Z12 are termed ads the Image impedance of the network.
We can conveniently express the image impedance in terms of ABCD constant as :-
AB
Z11 = √ -----------
CD
And
BD
Z12= √ -----------
AC
However image impedance so not completely define a network. We need another parameter
which we shall get from the voltage end current ration known as image transfer constant and
can be calculated as:-
1 V s Is BC
-1
σ = ---- in VR I R == tan h √ ------------
2 AD
Prepared by Omprakash
Prepared by Omprakash
B.M.A.S. Engineering College, Agra-007
~
Transmission line
model
IS (IR)
~
Transmission line
model
~
Transmission line
model
Prepared by Omprakash
Prepared by Omprakash
B.M.A.S. Engineering College, Agra-007
IS (IR)
~
Transmission line
model
Image parameters
AB
Z11 = √ -----------
CD
BD
Z12= √ -----------
AC
BC
tan h-1√ ------------
AD
Precautions:
1. All connection should be tight.
2. Keep care always from the practical panel board.
Prepared by Omprakash
Prepared by Omprakash
B.M.A.S. Engineering College, Agra-007
Object:- To
i) Con
ii) Ope
iii) Calc
Prepared by Omprakash
Prepared by Omprakash
B.M.A.S. Engineering College, Agra-007
Object:- To s
result with theor
Instrument Prepared by Omprakash
Prepared by Omprakash
B.M.A.S. Engineering College, Agra-007
Object:- To de
Instrument
THEORY- Fault Prepared by Omprakash
Prepared by Omprakash
B.M.A.S. Engineering College, Agra-007
Object:- To s
the result with th
Instrument
Prepared by Omprakash
Prepared by Omprakash
B.M.A.S. Engineering College, Agra-007
125000 324000
Fault impedance = 125000 + 324000 = 449000
Formula Fault MVA = 100 × 100/ Fault impedance on 100 MVA base
Fault MVA = 100 × 100 /449000 = 0.0222717
Fault current at transformer II output
Formula I3 = Fault MVA × 1000/ √3 ×Volt in KV
Prepared by Omprakash
Prepared by Omprakash
B.M.A.S. Engineering College, Agra-007
Sample II
As a sample we are considering the given design and fault at point f. considering 4
line impedance
125000
391573.32 324000
Fault impedance = 125000 + 391573.32 + 324000 = 1232146.00
Formula Fault MVA = 100 × 100/ Fault impedance on 100 MVA base
Fault MVA = 100 × 100 /1232146.00= 0.0081159
Fault current at transformer II output
Formula I3 = Fault MVA × 1000/√3Volt in KV
Precautions:
1. The voltage at 400V side of transformer I should not exceed 450V at any time.
2. The voltage at 238V side of transformer I should not exceed 250V at any time.
3. All connection should be tight.
4. Keep away from the practical panel board.
Prepared by Omprakash
Prepared by Omprakash
B.M.A.S. Engineering College, Agra-007
Prepared by Omprakash
Prepared by Omprakash
B.M.A.S. Engineering College, Agra-007
Object:- To d
machine.
Instrument
Prepared by Omprakash
Prepared by Omprakash
B.M.A.S. Engineering College, Agra-007
S.NO. V I W
CALCULATION:-
RESULT:-
PRECAUTIONS:-
1. All connection should be tight.
2. Apparatus should be of proper range.
3. Do not touch live terminals.
4. Reading should be taken carefully.
5. Applied voltage should be small (reduced) voltage.
6. Machine should be at rated speed.
Prepared by Omprakash
Prepared by Omprakash
B.M.A.S. Engineering College, Agra-007
EXPERIMENT NO.
Object:- To measure the sub transient direct axis(Xd”) and sub transient quadrature axis
(Xq”) reactance of an alternator.
Instrument Used:-
Theory: - Any two phases of a three phase machine are connected in series and a single
phase voltage is impressed across the rotor is stand still. The impressed voltage is adjusted to
pass sufficient current in the two series connected armature winding. Now the rotor position
is adjusted with hand to get maximum deflection of the ammeter placed in the field winding
circuit. Under this condition d-axis sub transient Zd” is given by-
V
Zd” = ----------
2Imax
Here V and Imax are the voltmeter and ammeter readings respectively. If thr wattmeter
records P watt then-
P
CosØ = --------------
VImax
Or SinØ = √ 1 – (P/VImax)2
V
Zd” = ---------- × SinØ = √ 1 – (P/VImax)2
2Imax
Prepared by Omprakash
Prepared by Omprakash
B.M.A.S. Engineering College, Agra-007
If the rotor shaft is rotated by hand through half pale pitch ,then peak of the resultant
armature mmf coincides the q-axis. These conditions ate those for which Xq” has been
defined .
Under these conditions the instruments readings give.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:-
OBSERVATIONS TABLE:-
S.NO. V I W
CALCULATION:-
RESULT:-
PRECAUTIONS:-
1. All connection should be tight.
Prepared by Omprakash
Prepared by Omprakash
B.M.A.S. Engineering College, Agra-007
EXPERIMENT NO.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS-
Prepared by Omprakash
Prepared by Omprakash
B.M.A.S. Engineering College, Agra-007
OBSERVATIONS-
CALCULATION-
PRECAUTIONS-
1. Supply voltage should be constant.
2. All connection should be tight and right.
3. Connecting leads should have tight connection.
4. Earthing of pot should be compulsory
Prepared by Omprakash
Prepared by Omprakash
B.M.A.S. Engineering College, Agra-007
EXPERIMENT NO.
Object:- To determine and measure the ZERO sequence reactance (X0) of synchronous
machine.
Instrument Used:-
Theory: - The zero sequence impedance of a machine is impedance offered to the flow of
negative sequence current. It is defined as the ratio of fundamental component of reactive
armature voltage to the fundamental component of zero sequence armature current at rated
frequency.
Zero sequence reactance can be measured either by connecting all the three phase of stator
winding of synchronous machine in series of in parallels.
i) Series connection of all the three phases is possible, only when both the terminals of
each phase are accessible. For measuring zero sequence reactance, reduced single phase
Prepared by Omprakash
Prepared by Omprakash
B.M.A.S. Engineering College, Agra-007
voltage is applied across the stator winding with three phases connected in series with the
field winding short circuited; the synchronous machine if desired may be run as an alternator
at rated speed, However, The magnitude of zero sequence reactance is not much affected by
the rotation of the machine. As such, test may be performed with the synchronous machine
stationary. Zero sequence reactance can then be found out by recording the current, applied
voltage and input power and proceeding as per the following-
Zero sequence impedance, Zo = E/3I
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:-
OBSERVATIONS TABLE:-
S.NO. V I W
CALCULATION:-
Prepared by Omprakash
Prepared by Omprakash
B.M.A.S. Engineering College, Agra-007
RESULT:-
PRECAUTIONS:-
1. All connection should be tight.
2. Apparatus should be of proper range.
3. Do not touch live terminals.
4. Reading should be taken carefully.
5. Applied voltage should be small (reduced) voltage gradually.
6. Machine should be at rated speed.
EXPERIMENT NO.
Theory: - Inverse definite minimum. time over current relay this type gives an inverse
time current characteristic at values of fault current and definite time characteristic at higher
values of fault current. Generally an inverse time characteristic is obtained if the value of
plug setting multiply is blow 10 for values for plug setting multiplier between 10-20 the
characteristic 10 to become a straight line that is towards the definite characteristic. It is
widely used for the protection of distribution lines such relays have a provision for current
and time settings.
Prepared by Omprakash
Prepared by Omprakash
B.M.A.S. Engineering College, Agra-007
IDMT over current relay has been used extensively for protection of generators,
transformers and distribution network.
T (Required time of operation)
The time multiplier setting (TSM) = -------------------------------------
Tm (Obtain time from relay characteristics curve
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:-
OBSERVATIONS TABLE:-
TSM = 1.00,PS =1.0A
Current (A) Time (measured) Time (Std.) PSM
Prepared by Omprakash
Prepared by Omprakash
B.M.A.S. Engineering College, Agra-007
CALCULATION:-
RESULT:-
PRECAUTIONS:-
7. All connection should be tight.
8. Apparatus should be of proper range.
9. Do not touch live terminals.
10. Reading should be taken carefully.
EXPERIMENT NO.
Object:- To determine the Xd & Xq of a 3-Φ salient pole synchronous machine using slip
test and the power angle curve.
Instrument Used:-
Prepared by Omprakash
Prepared by Omprakash
B.M.A.S. Engineering College, Agra-007
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:-
OBSERVATIONS TABLE:-
Prepared by Omprakash
Prepared by Omprakash
B.M.A.S. Engineering College, Agra-007
CALCULATION:-
RESULT:-
PRECAUTIONS:-
1. All connection should be tight.
2. Apparatus should be of proper range.
3. Do not touch live terminals.
4. Reading should be taken carefully.
5. Field winding of synchronous machine should be open.
6. Applied voltage should be small (reduced) voltage.
7. Machine should not be at rated speed.
Prepared by Omprakash
Prepared by Omprakash