Arch 17 Chapter 4 Notes
Arch 17 Chapter 4 Notes
Arch 17 Chapter 4 Notes
outside.
SPECTACLE OF POWER
- To preserve colonialist ideology of pureza de
HISPANIC STRUCTURING OF THE COLONIAL sangre or hygienic purity of Iberian blood.
SPACE:
1590: Walled city of Intramuros took form:
Spaces of Colonial Encounter: patterned after medieval city-fortresses of Europe.
Codification of conquest and city planning: Manila: The Genesis of an Intramural Colonial City:
City: indispensable factor in reorganizing colonial Spain’s objective:
territories.
1. Use island as base for further expansion.
- Focal point of decision making process. 2. To establish colony as center for production and
- Instituting social control in metropole as first export of tropical spices.
step in establishing economic and political 3. Convert natives to Christianity.
continuity of those in power.
- Use of grid-pattern for urban fabric + other Therefore, there must be:
architectural rules = consequence of ideal
1. Foundation of well-garissoned political
Greco-Roman city concept, while Medieval and
center
organic urban planning methods had already
2. Adjoining space of residence for Spaniards
been abandoned.
and Christianized Filipinos
3. Construction of a church as fulcrum of
socio-religious transformation of the
July 31, 1573: Laws of Indies of 1573 Royal emergent colonial community.
Ordinance from King Philip II
- The most comprehensive set of instruction Legazpi initially founded early colonial settlements
issued to serve as guidelines for the founding in Ceby and Panay:
and building of Hispanic colonial towns.
- Represented an attempt of the Spanish crown - Due to natural and man-made problems:
to establish uniform and extensive urban plan of o Shortage of food supply
the colonies. o Sporadic Portuguese military threats
- It reinforced the unilateral objectives of o Persistent hostilities of Filipinos
conquest; urban character of Spanish - But persistent plague of Locus forced him to
colonization’s physical and organizational search new headquarters in Luzon: Maynilad.
arrangement to be developed in new cities of 1570: Legazpi sent Martin de Goiti to Manila and
Spanish empire.
returned a year after
- Encapsulated classic theories from Roman
architect Vitruvius and Italian Renaissance - Legazpi landed on north shore and conquered
architect Leon Battista Alberti. Manila under Raja Sulayman
o His forth was razed by its inhabitants so he
hid, and Manila fell
Colonial cities in the Philippines were:
1. Elevated location
2. Orderly grid of streets with a centralized
plaza
May 19, 1571: Lagazpi laid his foundation in 1645: Golden years of building in stone reduced to
Manila. nothing by a devastating earthquake.
June 24, 1571: Legazpi proclaimed Manila as the Arquitectura Mestiza:
capital of new territories under Spanish rule.
- a hybrid-type of construction was invented to
April 20, 1572: Early colonial city of Manila made avoid both fire and earthquake.
out of non-permanent materials. - Refer to structures partially build of wood for
upper floors and stone for lower/ground floor to
1590: Colonialist proclaimed foundation in three
make it resistant to earthquakes.
primary cuidades de espanioles in:
1668: Coined by Jesuit Francisco Ignacio Alcina
1. Cebu
2. Nueva Caceres (Naga) Haligues: house post
3. Nueva Sergovia (Lal-lo, Cagayan)
The Great Urban and Architectural Transformation: Edifices for Religious Conversion:
Cabildo: municipal building 1. Augustinians
2. Franciscans
Disasters and tribulation:
3. Jesuits
1. Limahong piracy launched in 1574. 4. Dominicans
2. Threated internal piece by Chinese
Baroque Churches: constituted the most
insurrection in Parian quarter.
exemplary element of the country’s architectural
3. Earthquake and conflagrations (fires) took
heritage.
heavy toll on life and property.
Simbahan: before are private spaces for ritual
1583: Organic and traditional materials as building
worship.
materials caused massive fire.
Juan Francisco de San Antonio- locals built their
- Gov-Gen. Ronquillo burnt to death in San
places of worship as extensions in their homes,
Agustin Church caused by vigil candles that
called sibi.
spread and reduced the whole city to ashes.
- Enforced the need to utilize more durable - Held solemn feast and pandot as the
building materials. solemnest.
- Gov-Gen. Santiago de Vera ordered all
buildings made in stone. 16th century: de cana y nipa (of bamboo and nipa)
o Kilns or hornos for ladrillos or bricks friars-built chapels made of organic materials no
o Tejas or v-shaped roof tiles different than native houses.
o Baldosas or square floor tiles - Flammable
o Stone quarries nearby were exploited: gave - Later evolved into monumental stone
rise to stone-cutting industry sanctuaries fusing European styles with
- The decree fostered am abrupt architectural Indigenous influences but still retaining the
change and urban renewal in Manila. simple rectangular plan.