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One of the available technology to make use of brackish, salt –water as an alternative drinking
water is through the process called desalination. For small scale desalination enough to feed an
individual family household, solar desalination is practical option. This study aims to improve the
efficiency of a Solar Parabolic Trough Collector, by introducing pre-heating coils and glass-covering to
conventional Solar Parabolic Trough Collector. This research compares the quantity of desalinated water
produced and the instantaneous thermal efficiency of a traditional Parabolic Trough Collector to a
Parabolic Trough Collector with pre-heating coils, a glass-covering and with both pre-heating coils and
glass covering Results showed that the Parabolic Trough Collector with pre-heating pipe produced the
most volume of distillate and have the highest instantaneous thermal efficiency, while the Parabolic
Trough Collector with glass-covering yields the least in both parameters. Statistical treatment of data is
conducted to determine the significance of the increase of the instantaneous thermal efficiency to the
amount of potable water acquired. To ensure the safety of the generated volume of desalinated water,
the distillate is subjected to bacteriological analysis which includes the test for total coliform,
thermotolerant coliform and heterotrophic plate count. Also, the pH level of the distillate is determined.
Test results showed that the samples are safe and conforms to the standards of the Philippine National
Standards for Drinking Water 1993.
Introduction(EDIT?)
Continuity of water supply is a severe problem for millions of people around the world especially
in many developing countries. Shortage of freshwater resources and the need for additional water
supply are already critical in many regions around the world. The challenge of water scarcity will become
more evident as the world’s population continues to grow and as the effects of climate change
intensifies.
The rapid depletion of available fresh water resources raises the need to produce volumes of
clean drinking water through the different desalination technologies at hand. Desalination is the
removal of salts and contaminants from water. It involves a broad range of technologies that yield
access to marginal sources of water such as seawater, brackish ground- and surface water, and
wastewater. Industries have already begun exploiting sea water through different desalination
technologies. With increasing demand and decreasing supply of water, desalination is vital to ensure
availability of potable water for future generations.
Harnessing solar energy has been a constant endeavor of man. Today the need to harness solar
energy is greater than ever before. Solar Desalination is a technique to desalinate sea water using a
Solar Energy. It mimics the Earth’s Hydrologic cycle. The Sun heats the saline water and causes it to
evaporate. The water vapor then rises into the atmosphere and will come in contact with cold air, where
it condenses to form clouds made up of miniscule water droplets. As more vapor is condensed, the
cloud becomes heavier and eventually fall as rain. Solar desalination is one way of imitating the water
cycle artificially and in a controlled way.
Solar desalination units can be constructed within communities lacking water and exposed to
sunlight. It is economical and environmental friendly desalting technique. However, solar desalination
suffers from low efficiency and that it can only produced small amounts of clean drinking water. Hence,
several studies had been conducted to increase the performance of a solar desalination unit. One
research is made by Bahadori in 2005, where sensible thermal storage is used on the preheating pipe to
increase the efficiency of the solar still. In 2016 Maambo and Simate compared solar still with and
without reflectors, they found out that addition of reflector on the solar still improved the still’s
performance, producing greater volume of water than still without the reflectors.
The use of trough collector to desalinate brackish water was studied by Mahmoud. He found
that the inclination of the Parabolic Trough Collector has an effect on the water produced. And that the
PTSC should be installed inclined to the horizontal for better results. The use of trough collector to
desalinate brackish water was studied by Mahmoud. He concluded that when Parabolic Trough Collector
is installed inclined to the horizontal it gives better results in terms of amount of distillate produce,
incident angle, solar beam radiation and the receiver temperature. The Parabolic Trough Collector is
considered to be one of the most promising and mature system used in a variety of commercial and
industrial applications (Mwesigye et al., 2018).

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