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FORCES IN ONE DIMENSION

Understanding Physics Concepts
Circle the letter of the choice that best completes the statement.

1. Moving faster as you pedal your bicycle harder on a level road demonstrates Newton’s
____ law.
a. first c. third
b. second d. gravity
2. According to Newton’s ____ law, an object with no net force acting on it remains at rest or in
motion with a constant velocity.
a. first c. third
b. second d. apple
3. If you push against a wall, the wall pushes back against you with ____ force.
a. no c. equal
b. less d. more
4. An object is in equilibrium if ____ .
a. it has no weight c. it is accelerating
b. the net force on it is zero d. only one force is acting on it
5. Mass and weight are related by ____ .
a. the gravitational force c. friction
b. newtons d. inertia
6. The gravitational force exerted by a large object, such as Earth, is ____ .
a. weight c. acceleration
b. mass d. apparent weight
7. The force exerted by any segment of a string or rope on an adjoining segment is ____ .
a. the drag force c. friction
b. tension d. the force of gravity
8. The normal force is the ____ force exerted by a surface on another object.
a. perpendicular field c. perpendicular contact
b. parallel contact d. parallel field
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9. The force exerted by a fluid on an object moving through the fluid is ____ .
a. tension c. the drag force
b. thrust d. the force of gravity
10. When the drag force on an object equals the gravitational force, the object attains ____ .
a. acceleration c. terminal velocity
b. apparent weight d. maximum mass
Complete the statement by writing the correct term in the space provided.

11. ________________________ An object that experiences a push or a pull has a(n) ____ exerted
on it.
12. ________________________ Forces have both direction and ____ .
13. ________________________ In a free-body diagram, you draw the force vectors leading ____
the object.
14. ________________________ You can add the forces acting upon an object by using ____
addition to find the net force.
15. ________________________ An object with no net force acting on it is in ____ .
16. ________________________ An object’s weight depends upon the ____ and the object’s mass.
17. ________________________ An object with no apparent weight experiences ____ .
18. ________________________ The effect of drag on an object’s motion is determined by the
object’s ____ and its ____ .
19. ________________________ All forces result from ____ between objects.
20. ________________________ According to Newton’s third law, the two forces that make up an
interaction pair are equal in ____ but ____ in direction.
21. ________________________ Tension is the specific name for the force exerted by a(n) ____ .
22. ________________________ The ____ force is a support force resulting from the contact of
two objects.

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Thinking Critically
Answer the following questions. Use complete sentences.

1. Explain the relationship between mass and weight on Earth. Would this relationship change on
the planet Mars? Give a reason for your answer.
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
2. You are in an elevator traveling from the lobby to the top of a building. As the elevator slows to
a stop on the top floor, what happens to your apparent weight?
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
3. In the drawing below, use arrows to show the two horizontal and two vertical forces acting on
the boat as it is pulled across the beach at a constant speed. Is there a net force on the boat?
Explain.

____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________

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4. Explain what is meant by an interaction pair. Use the boat in the drawing for question 3 to give
an example.
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
5. Suppose you pull on a rope tied to a large carton, but you cannot move the carton. What forces
are acting on your hand? Draw a free body diagram.
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________

6. You are skydiving. The plane takes you to a typical jump altitude of 3000 m. When you step out
of the plane, you accelerate downward to 190 kph in about 10 s. Then you enter 45 s of free
fall—this is when you fall at terminal velocity. At 760 m your parachute deploys. If you want to
experience more time in free fall, what should you do?
____________________________________________________________________________________
a. Draw a free-body diagram of your body when you first step out of the plane.

b. Draw a free-body diagram of your body when you are in a free fall.

c. Draw a free-body diagram of your body immediately after your parachute has deployed.

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 4

Applying Physics Knowledge

Answer the following questions. Show your calculations.

1. What force is required to accelerate a 6.0 kg bowling ball at 2.0 m/s2 forward?

2. What is the mass of a cat that weighs 30.0 N?

3. How large is the tension in a rope that is supporting a 4.2-kg bucket?

4. A net force of 125 N upward acts on an object. Find the single force that will produce
equilibrium.

Answer the following questions. Show your calculations. Draw a free-body diagram to help you answer the
questions.

5. An elevator with a mass of 1.10 103 kg accelerates upward at 0.45 m/s2. What is the force
acting on the elevator’s support cable?

6. A rocket weighs 2.0 107 N. Its engines exert an upward force of 25 106 N at liftoff.
a. What is the mass of the rocket at liftoff?

b. What is the rocket’s acceleration when it lifts off?

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7. A 47-N box is pulled along a frictionless horizontal surface by a 25-N weight hanging from a cord
on a frictionless pulley.
a. How large are the box’s acceleration and mass?

b. How large is the force exerted on the cord?

8. A stepping stool is constructed so that it collapses when the normal force exceeds 1100 N. You
are assisting a welder who weighs 106 kg and is on the top step of the stepping stool. You pass
the welder a torch and a fuel tank that weigh a combined 14 kg. The welder refuses to take both
items from you. Explain why. Show your calculations.

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Chapter Assessment Teacher Support
FORCES IN ONE DIMENSION Thinking Critically
All numerical answers have been rounded to 1. The weight of any object is equal to the
the correct number of significant figures. product of the object’s mass and the
gravitational field. Mass does not change,
Understanding Physics Concepts but weight is dependent upon the
1. b gravitational force. The gravitational force
on Mars is different from the gravitational
2. a force on Earth, so objects would have the
same mass on Mars but a different
3. c
weight.
4. b
2. As the elevator slows, your acceleration is
5. a in the direction opposite to your velocity.
The direction of the acceleration of the
6. a elevator is down. Thus the net force on
7. b you is downward. Your apparent weight is
equal to an upward force equal to your
8. c weight plus the net force acting on you. In
9. c this case, the net force is downward, so
your apparent weight would be Fg  Fnet.
10. c Your apparent weight would decrease.
11. force 3. No, there is no net force on the boat
because it has neither vertical nor
12. magnitude
horizontal acceleration.
13. away from
14. vector
15. equilibrium
16. gravitational field
17. weightlessness
4. Interaction pairs are forces that act on
18. velocity (or motion), surface area (or different objects; they are equal in
shape) magnitude but opposite in direction. The
19. interactions drawing shows an interaction pair in the
arm pulling on the rope and the tension
20. magnitude, opposite force of the rope.
21. rope (or string, cable, wire, etc.)
22. normal

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Chapter Assessment Teacher Support
5. The forces exerted by your arm muscles 4. A force of 125 N downward will produce
and the force exerted by the rope are equilibrium.
acting on your hand. The free-body 5. FT  Fnet  Fg
diagram should look similar to the  ma  mg  m(a  g)
diagram in answer 4.  (1.10  103 kg)(0.45 m/s2  9.8 N/kg)
6. Have the pilot take the jump plane to a  1.1  104 N
higher altitude.
2.0  107 N
Fg
Note: Free-body diagrams for a, b, and 6. a. m    2.0  106 kg
g 9.8 N/kg
c are drawn on different scales. The
F Fthrust  Fg
magnitude of the gravitational force is b. a  net 
the same in each situation. m m
25  106 N  2.0  107 N

2.0  106 kg
 2.5 m/s2 upward

F1g 25 N
7. a. m1    2.6 kg
g 9.8 N/kg
F2g
47 N
m2  
 4.8 kg
g 9.8 N/kg
F 25 N
a   3.4 m/s2
m1  m2 2.6 kg  4.8 kg

b. Fcord  m2a  (2.6 kg)(3.4 m/s2)  8.8 N

Applying Physics Knowledge 8. Fwelder  mg  (106 kg)(9.8 N/kg)
1. F  ma  (6.0 kg)(2.0 m/s forward) 
2  1.00  103 N
12 N forward Ftotal  (mwelder  mequipment)g
 (106 kg  14 kg)(9.8 N/kg)  1100 N
Fg 30.0 N
2. m    3.06 kg Adding the torch and fuel tank to the
g 9.8 N/kg weight of the welder would exceed the
1100 N specified for this stool.
3. FT  Fg and Fg  mg
Therefore,
FT  mg  (4.2 kg)(9.8 N/kg)  41 N

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