DESIGN OF WELDED CONNECTIONS AASHTO/AWS D1.5M/D1.

5:2002

Reproduced with the permission of the American Welding Society (AWS), Miami, Florida - 09/15/2011.
Legend for Figures 2.4 and 2.5
Symbols for joint types
B — butt joint
C — corner joint
T — T-joint
BC — butt or corner joint
TC — T- or corner joint
BTC — butt, T-, or corner joint

Symbols for base-metal thickness and penetration

L — limited thickness–CJP
U — unlimited thickness–CJP
P — PJP

Symbol for weld types

1 — square-groove
2 — single-V-groove
3 — double-V-groove
4 — single-bevel-groove
5 — double-bevel-groove
6 — single-U-groove
7 — double-U-groove
8 — single-J-groove
9 — double-J-groove

Symbols for welding processes if not SMAW

S — SAW
G — GMAW
F — FCAW

Welding processes
SMAW — shielded metal arc welding
GMAW — gas metal arc welding
FCAW — flux cored metal arc welding
SAW — submerged arc welding

Welding positions
F — flat
H — horizontal
V — vertical
OH — overhead

Dimensions
R= Root Opening
, = Groove Angles
f= Root Face
r= J- or U-groove Radius
S, S1 , S2 = PJP Groove Weld Depth of Groove
E, E1 , E2 = PJP Groove Weld Sizes corresponding to
S, S1 , S2 , respectively

Joint Designation
The lower case letters, e.g., a, b, c, etc., are used to differentiate
between joints that would otherwise have the same joint
designation.

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 AASHTO/AWS D1.5M/D1.5:2002 DESIGN OF WELDED CONNECTIONS

Reproduced with the permission of the American Welding Society (AWS), Miami, Florida - 09/15/2011.
See Notes on Page 43
Square-groove weld (1)
Butt joint (B)
Corner joint (C)

Groove Preparation
Base Metal Thickness
(U = unlimited) Tolerances
Allowed Gas
Welding Joint As Detailed As Fit-Up Welding Shielding
Process Designation T1 T2 Root Opening (see 2.12.1) (see 3.3.4) Positions for FCAW Notes
B-L1a 6 max — R = T1 +2, –0 +6, –2 All — 1, 9
SMAW
C-L1a 6 max U R = T1 +2, –0 +6, –2 All — 1
FCAW Not
B-L1a-GF 10 max — R = T1 +2, –0 +6, –2 All 9
GMAW required

Square-groove weld (1)

Butt joint (B)

Groove Preparation
Base Metal Thickness
(U = unlimited) Tolerances
Allowed Gas
Welding Joint As Detailed As Fit-Up Welding Shielding
Process Designation T1 T2 Root Opening (see 2.12.1) (see 3.3.4) Positions for FCAW Notes
T
SMAW B-L1b 6 max — R = -----1- +2, –0 +2, –3 All — 1, 3, 9
2
GMAW Not
B-L1b-GF 10 max — R = 0 to 3 +2, –0 +2, –3 All 3, 9
FCAW required
SAW B-L1-S 10 max — R=0 ±0 +2, –0 F — 5, 9
SAW B-L1a-S 16 max — R=0 ±0 +2, –0 F — 3, 9

Figure 2.4—Details of Welded Joints for CJP

Groove Welds (see 2.12.1) (Dimensions in Millimeters)

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 DESIGN OF WELDED CONNECTIONS AASHTO/AWS D1.5M/D1.5:2002

Reproduced with the permission of the American Welding Society (AWS), Miami, Florida - 09/15/2011.
See Notes on Page 43
Single-V-groove weld (2)
Corner joint (C)

Groove Preparation
Base Metal Thickness
(U = unlimited) Tolerances
Root Opening Allowed Gas
Welding Joint Root Face As Detailed As Fit-Up Welding Shielding
Process Designation T1 T2 Groove Angle (see 2.12.1) (see 3.3.4) Positions for FCAW Notes
R = 0 to 3 +2, –0 +2, –3
1, 3, 6,
SMAW C-U2 U U f = 0 to 3 +2, –0 Not limited All —
12
= 60° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
R = 0 to 3 +2, –0 +2, –3
GMAW Not
C-U2-GF U U f = 0 to 3 +2, –0 Not limited All 3, 6, 12
FCAW required
= 60° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
R=0 ±0 +2, –0
SAW C-U2b-S 25 min U f = 6 max +6, –0 ±2 F — 3, 6, 12
= 60° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°

Double-V-groove weld (3) For B-U3c-S only

Butt joint (B)
T1 S1
Over to
50 60 35
60 80 45
80 90 55
90 100 60
100 120 70
120 140 80
140 160 95
For T1 > 160 or T1 50
S1 = 2/3 (T1 – 6)
Groove Preparation
Base Metal Thickness
(U = unlimited) Tolerances
Root Opening Allowed Gas
Welding Joint Root Face As Detailed As Fit-Up Welding Shielding
Process Designation T1 T2 Groove Angle (see 2.12.1) (see 3.3.4) Positions for FCAW Notes
1, 3, 7,
SMAW B-U3b R = 0 to 3 +2, –0 +2, –3 All —
9
U — f = 0 to 3 +2, –0 Not limited
GMAW = = 60° +10°, –0° +10°, –5° Not
B-U3-GF All 3, 7, 9
FCAW required
R=0 +2, –0 +2, –0
f = 6 min +6, –0 +6, –0
SAW B-U3c-S U — = = 60° +10°, –0° +10°, –5° F — 3, 7, 9
To find S1 see table above: S2 = T1 – (S1 + f)

Figure 2.4 (Continued) (Millimeters)

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 AASHTO/AWS D1.5M/D1.5:2002 DESIGN OF WELDED CONNECTIONS

Reproduced with the permission of the American Welding Society (AWS), Miami, Florida - 09/15/2011.
See Notes on Page 43
Single-V-groove weld (2) Tolerances
Corner joint (C)
As Detailed As Fit-Up
(see 2.12.1) (see 3.3.4)
R = +2, –0 +6, –2
a = +10°, –0° +10°, –5°

Base Metal Thickness

(U = unlimited) Groove Preparation Allowed Gas
Welding Joint Welding Shielding
Process Designation T1 T2 Root Opening Groove Angle Positions for FCAW Notes
R=6 = 45° All — 1, 12
SMAW C-U2a U U R = 10 = 30° F, V, OH — 1, 12
R = 12 = 20° F, V, OH — 1, 12
R=5 = 30° F, V, OH Required 12
GMAW
C-U2a-GF U U R = 10 = 30° F, V, OH Not req. 12
FCAW
R=6 = 45° F, V, OH Not req. 12
SAW C-L2a-S 50 max U R=6 = 30° F — 12
SAW C-U2-S U U R = 16 = 20° F — 12

Single-V-groove weld (2)

Butt joint (B)

Groove Preparation
Base Metal Thickness
(U = unlimited) Tolerances
Root Opening Allowed Gas
Welding Joint Root Face As Detailed As Fit-Up Welding Shielding
Process Designation T1 T2 Groove Angle (see 2.12.1) (see 3.3.4) Positions for FCAW Notes
R = 0 to 3 +2, –0 +2, –3
SMAW B-U2 U — f = 0 to 3 +2, –0 Not limited All — 1, 3, 9
= 60° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
R = 0 to 3 +2, –0 +2, –3
GMAW Not
B-U2-GF U — f = 0 to 3 +2, –0 Not limited All 3, 9
FCAW required
= 60° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
R=0
Over 12
— f = 6 min
to 25
= 60°
R=0 R = ±0 +2, –0
Over 25
SAW B-L2c-S — f = 10 min f = +6, –0 Not limited F — 3, 9
to 38
= 60° = +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
R=0
Over 38
— f = 12 min
to 50
= 60°

Figure 2.4 (Continued) (Millimeters)

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 DESIGN OF WELDED CONNECTIONS AASHTO/AWS D1.5M/D1.5:2002

Reproduced with the permission of the American Welding Society (AWS), Miami, Florida - 09/15/2011.
See Notes on Page 43
Square-groove weld (1)
T-joint (T)
Corner joint (C)

Groove Preparation
Base Metal Thickness
(U = unlimited) Tolerances
Allowed Gas
Welding Joint As Detailed As Fit-Up Welding Shielding
Process Designation T1 T2 Root Opening (see 2.12.1) (see 2.12.1) Positions for FCAW Notes
T
SMAW TC-L1b 6 max U R = -----1- +2, –0 +2, –3 All — 1, 3, 6
2
GMAW Not
TC-L1-GF 10 max U R = 0 to 3 +2, –0 +2, –3 All 3, 6
FCAW required
SAW TC-L1-S 10 max U R=0 ±0 +2, –0 F — 3, 6

Single-V-groove weld (2) Tolerances

Butt joint (B)
As Detailed As Fit-Up
(see 2.12.1) (see 3.3.4)
R = +2, –0 +6, –2
= +10°, –0° +10°, –5°

Base Metal Thickness

(U = unlimited) Groove Preparation Allowed Gas
Welding Joint Welding Shielding
Process Designation T1 T2 Root Opening Groove Angle Positions for FCAW Notes
R=6 = 45° All — 1, 9
SMAW B-U2a U — R = 10 = 30° F, V, OH — 1, 9
R = 12 = 20° F, V, OH — 1, 9
R=5 = 30° F, V, OH Required 9
GMAW
B-U2a-GF U — R = 10 = 30° F, V, OH Not req. 9
FCAW
R=6 = 45° F, V, OH Not req. 9
SAW B-L2a-S 50 max — R=6 = 30° F — 9
SAW B-U2-S U — R = 16 = 20° F — 9

Figure 2.4 (Continued) (Millimeters)

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 AASHTO/AWS D1.5M/D1.5:2002 DESIGN OF WELDED CONNECTIONS

Reproduced with the permission of the American Welding Society (AWS), Miami, Florida - 09/15/2011.
See Notes on Page 43
Single-bevel-groove weld (4) Tolerances
Butt joint (B)
As Detailed As Fit-Up
(see 2.12.1) (see 3.3.4)
R = +2, –0 +6, –2
a = +10°, –0° +10°, –5°

Base Metal Thickness

(U = unlimited) Groove Preparation Allowed Gas
Welding Joint Welding Shielding
Process Designation T1 T2 Root Opening Groove Angle Positions for FCAW Notes
R=6 = 45° F, H — 1, 9, 13
SMAW B-U4a U —
R = 10 = 30° F, H — 1, 9, 13
R=5 = 30° H Required 9
GMAW
B-U4a-GF U — R=6 = 45° H Not req. 9
FCAW
R = 10 = 30° H Not req. 9

Single-bevel-groove weld (4) Tolerances

T-joint (T)
Corner joint (C) As Detailed As Fit-Up
(see 2.12.1) (see 3.3.4)
R = +2, –0 +6, –2
= +10°, –0° +10°, –5°

Base Metal Thickness

(U = unlimited) Groove Preparation Allowed Gas
Welding Joint Welding Shielding
Process Designation T1 T2 Root Opening Groove Angle Positions for FCAW Notes
R=6 = 45° All — 1, 12
SMAW TC-U4c U U
R = 10 = 30° F, OH, H — 1, 12
R=5 = 30° All Required 12
GMAW
TC-U4c-GF U U R = 10 = 30° F Not req. 12
FCAW
R=6 = 45° All Not req. 12
R = 10 = 30°
SAW TC-U4a-S U U F — 12
R=6 = 45°

Figure 2.4 (Continued) (Millimeters)

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 DESIGN OF WELDED CONNECTIONS AASHTO/AWS D1.5M/D1.5:2002

Reproduced with the permission of the American Welding Society (AWS), Miami, Florida - 09/15/2011.
See Notes on Page 43
Single-bevel-groove
Single-bevel-groove weld (4)
Butt
(4) joint (B)
Butt joint (B)

Groove Preparation
Base Metal Thickness
(U = unlimited) Tolerances
Allowed Gas
Welding Joint As Detailed As Fit-Up Welding Shielding
Process Designation T1 T2 Root Opening (see 2.12.1) (see 3.3.4) Positions for FCAW Notes
1, 3, 9,
SMAW B-U4b U — R = 0 to 3 +2, –0 +2, –3 F, H —
13
f = 0 to 3 +2, –0 Not limited
GMAW = 45° +10°, –0° 10°, –5° Not
B-U4b-GF U — H 3, 9
FCAW required

Single-bevel-groove weld (4)

T-joint
(4) (T)
Corner joint (C)
T-joint (T)
Corner joint (C)

Groove Preparation
Base Metal Thickness
(U = unlimited) Tolerances
Root Opening Allowed Gas
Welding Joint Root Face As Detailed As Fit-Up Welding Shielding
Process Designation T1 T2 Groove Angle (see 2.12.1) (see 3.3.4) Positions for FCAW Notes
1, 3, 6,
SMAW TC-U4b U U R = 0 to 3 +2, –0 +2, –3 All —
12
f = 0 to 3 +2, –0 Not limited
GMAW = 45° +10°, –0° 10°, –5° Not
TC-U4b-GF U U All 3, 6, 12
FCAW required
R=0 ±0 +6, –0
SAW TC-U4b-S U U f = 3 max +0, –3 ±2 F — 3, 6, 12
= 60° +10°, –0° 10°, –5°

Figure 2.4 (Continued) (Millimeters)

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 AASHTO/AWS D1.5M/D1.5:2002 DESIGN OF WELDED CONNECTIONS

Reproduced with the permission of the American Welding Society (AWS), Miami, Florida - 09/15/2011.
See Notes on Page 43
Double-bevel-groove
Double-bevel-groove weld (5)
Butt
weldjoint
(5) (B)
Butt joint (B)

Groove Preparation
Base Metal Thickness
(U = unlimited) Tolerances
Root Opening Allowed Gas
Welding Joint Root Face As Detailed As Fit-Up Welding Shielding
Process Designation T1 T2 Groove Angle (see 2.12.1) (see 3.3.4) Positions for FCAW Notes

R = 0 to 3 +2, –0 +2, –3
f = 0 to 3 +2, –0 Not limited 1, 3, 7,
SMAW B-U5a U — F, H —
= 45° 9, 13
+ +10° + +10°
= 0° to 15° –0° –5°
R = 0 to 3 +2, –0 +2, –3
GMAW f = 0 to 3 +2, –0 Not limited Not
B-U5-GF U — H 3, 7, 9
FCAW = 45° + = + = required
= 0° to 15° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°

Double-bevel-groove weld (5)

weld (5)
T-joint (T)
T-joint (T)
Corner joint (C)
Corner joint (C)

Groove Preparation
Base Metal Thickness
(U = unlimited) Tolerances
Root Opening Allowed Gas
Welding Joint Root Face As Detailed As Fit-Up Welding Shielding
Process Designation T1 T2 Groove Angle (see 2.12.1) (see 3.3.4) Positions for FCAW Notes
1, 3, 6,
SMAW TC-U5b U U R = 0 to 3 +2, –0 +2, –3 All —
7, 12
f = 0 to 3 +2, –0 Not limited
GMAW = 45° +10°, –0° +10°, –5° Not 3, 6, 7,
TC-U5-GF U U All
FCAW required 12
R=0 ±0 +2, –0
3, 6, 7,
SAW TC-U5-S U U f = 5 max +0, –5 ±2 F —
12
= 60° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°

Figure 2.4 (Continued) (Millimeters)

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 DESIGN OF WELDED CONNECTIONS AASHTO/AWS D1.5M/D1.5:2002

Reproduced with the permission of the American Welding Society (AWS), Miami, Florida - 09/15/2011.
See Notes on Page 43
Single-U-groove weld (6) Tolerances
Butt joint (B)
Corner joint (C) As Detailed As Fit-Up
(see 2.12.1) (see 3.3.4)
R = +2, –0 +2, –3
= +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
f = ±2 Not Limited
r = +3, –0 +3, –0

Base Metal Thickness

(U = unlimited) Groove Preparation
Allowed Gas
Welding Joint Groove Root Groove Welding Shielding
Process Designation T1 T2 Root Opening Angle Face Radius Positions for FCAW Notes
R = 0 to 3 = 45° f=3 r=6 All — 1, 3, 9
B-U6 U U
R = 0 to 3 = 20° f=3 r=6 F, OH — 1, 3, 9
SMAW
R = 0 to 3 = 45° f=3 r=6 All — 1, 3, 12
C-U6 U U
R = 0 to 3 = 20° f=3 r=6 F, OH — 1, 3, 12
GMAW B-U6-GF U U R = 0 to 3 = 20° f=3 r=6 All Not req. 3, 9
FCAW C-U6-GF U U R = 0 to 3 = 20° f=3 r=6 All Not req. 3, 12
B-U6-S 16 min 16 min R=0 = 20° f = 6 min r=6 F — 3, 9
SAW
C-U6-S 16 min 16 min R=0 = 20° f = 6 min r=6 F — 3, 12

Double-U-groove weld (7) Tolerances

Butt joint (B)
As Detailed As Fit-Up
(see 2.12.1) (see 3.3.4)
For B-U7 and B-U7-GF
R = +2, –0 +2, –3
= +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
f = ±2, –0 Not Limited
r = +6, –0 ±2
For B-U7-S
R = ±0 +2, –0
f = +0, –6 ±2

Base Metal Thickness

(U = unlimited) Groove Preparation
Allowed Gas
Welding Joint Root Groove Root Groove Welding Shielding
Process Designation T1 T2 Opening Angle Face Radius Positions for FCAW Notes
1, 3, 7,
R = 0 to 3 = 45° f=3 r=6 All —
9
SMAW B-U7 U —
1, 3, 7,
R = 0 to 3 = 20° f=3 r=6 F, OH —
9
GMAW Not
B-U7-GF U — R = 0 to 3 = 20° f=3 r=6 All 3, 7, 9
FCAW required
SAW B-U7-S U — R=0 = 20° f = 6 max r=6 F — 3, 7, 9

Figure 2.4 (Continued) (Millimeters)

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 AASHTO/AWS D1.5M/D1.5:2002 DESIGN OF WELDED CONNECTIONS

Reproduced with the permission of the American Welding Society (AWS), Miami, Florida - 09/15/2011.
See Notes on Page 43
Single-J-groove weld (8) Tolerances
Butt joint (B)
As Detailed As Fit-Up
(see 2.12.1) (see 3.3.4)
R = +2, –0 +2, –3
= +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
f = +2, –0 Not Limited
r = +6, –0 ±2

Base Metal Thickness

(U = unlimited) Groove Preparation
Allowed Gas
Welding Joint Root Groove Root Groove Welding Shielding
Process Designation T1 T2 Opening Angle Face Radius Positions for FCAW Notes
1, 3, 9,
SMAW B-U8 U — R = 0 to 3 = 45° f=3 r = 10 F, H —
13
GMAW Not
B-U8-GF U — R = 0 to 3 = 30° f=3 r = 10 H 3, 9
FCAW required

Single-J-groove weld (8) Tolerances

T-joint (T)
Corner joint (C) As Detailed As Fit-Up
(see 2.12.1) (see 3.3.4)
R = +2, –0 +2, –3
= +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
f = +2, –0 Not Limited
r = +6, –0 ±2

Base Metal Thickness

(U = unlimited) Groove Preparation
Allowed Gas
Welding Joint Root Groove Root Groove Welding Shielding
Process Designation T1 T2 Opening Angle Face Radius Positions for FCAW Notes
1, 3, 6,
R = 0 to 3 = 45° f=3 r = 10 All —
9
SMAW TC-U8a U U
1, 3, 6,
R = 0 to 3 = 30° f=3 r = 10 F, OH —
9
GMAW Not
TC-U8a-GF U U R = 0 to 3 = 30° f=3 r = 10 All 3, 6, 9
FCAW required
SAW TC-U8a-S 16 min 16 min R=0 = 30° f = 6 min r = 10 F — 3, 6, 9

Figure 2.4 (Continued) (Millimeters)

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 DESIGN OF WELDED CONNECTIONS AASHTO/AWS D1.5M/D1.5:2002

Reproduced with the permission of the American Welding Society (AWS), Miami, Florida - 09/15/2011.
See Notes on Page 43
Double-J-groove weld (9) Tolerances
Butt joint (B)
As Detailed As Fit-Up
(see 2.12.1) (see 3.3.4)
R = +2, –0 +2, –3
= +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
f = +2, –0 Not Limited
r = +3, –0 ±2

Base Metal Thickness

(U = unlimited) Groove Preparation
Allowed Gas
Welding Joint Root Groove Root Groove Welding Shielding
Process Designation T1 T2 Opening Angle Face Radius Positions for FCAW Notes
1, 3, 7,
SMAW B-U9 U — R = 0 to 3 = 45° f=3 r = 10 F, H —
9, 13
GMAW Not
B-U9-GF U — R = 0 to 3 = 30° f=3 r = 10 H 3, 7, 9
FCAW required

Double-J-groove weld (9) Tolerances

T-joint (T)
Corner joint (C) As Detailed As Fit-Up
(see 2.12.1) (see 3.3.4)
R = +2, –0 +2, –3
= +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
f = +2, –0 Not Limited
r = +3, –0 ±2

Base Metal Thickness

(U = unlimited) Groove Preparation
Allowed Gas
Welding Joint Root Groove Root Groove Welding Shielding
Process Designation T1 T2 Opening Angle Face Radius Positions for FCAW Notes
1, 3, 6,
R = 0 to 3 = 45° f=3 r = 10 All —
7, 12
SMAW TC-U9a U U
3, 6, 7,
R = 0 to 3 = 30° f=3 r = 10 F, OH —
12
GMAW Not 3, 6, 7,
TC-U9a-GF U U R = 0 to 3 = 30° f=3 r = 10 All
FCAW required 12
3, 6, 7,
SAW TC-U9a-S 10 min 10 min R=0 = 30° f=6 r = 10 F —
12

Figure 2.4 (Continued) (Millimeters)

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 AASHTO/AWS D1.5M/D1.5:2002 DESIGN OF WELDED CONNECTIONS

Reproduced with the permission of the American Welding Society (AWS), Miami, Florida - 09/15/2011.
See Notes on Page 43
Square-groove weld (1)
Butt joint (B)
Corner joint (C)

Groove Preparation
Base Metal Thickness
(U = unlimited) Tolerances
Allowed Gas
Welding Joint As Detailed As Fit-Up Welding Shielding
Process Designation T1 T2 Root Opening (see 2.12.1) (see 3.3.4) Positions for FCAW Notes
B-L1a 1/4 max — R = T1 +1/16, –0 +1/4, –1/16 All — 1, 9
SMAW
C-L1a 1/4 max U R = T1 +1/16, –0 +1/4, –1/16 All — 1
FCAW Not
B-L1a-GF 3/8 max — R = T1 +1/16, –0 +1/4, –1/16 All 9
GMAW required

Square-groove weld (1)

Butt joint (B)

Groove Preparation
Base Metal Thickness
(U = unlimited) Tolerances
Allowed Gas
Welding Joint As Detailed As Fit-Up Welding Shielding
Process Designation T1 T2 Root Opening (see 2.12.1) (see 3.3.4) Positions for FCAW Notes
T
SMAW B-L1b 1/4 max — R = -----1- +1/16, –0 +1/16, –1/8 All — 1, 3, 9
2
GMAW Not
B-L1b-GF 3/8 max — R = 0 to 1/8 +1/16, –0 +1/16, –1/8 All 3, 9
FCAW required
SAW B-L1-S 3/8 max — R=0 ±0 +1/16, –0 F — 5, 9
SAW B-L1a-S 5/8 max — R=0 ±0 +1/16, –0 F — 3, 9

Figure 2.4 (Continued) (Inches)

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 DESIGN OF WELDED CONNECTIONS AASHTO/AWS D1.5M/D1.5:2002

Reproduced with the permission of the American Welding Society (AWS), Miami, Florida - 09/15/2011.
See Notes on Page 43
Single-V-groove weld (2)
Corner joint (C)

Groove Preparation
Base Metal Thickness
(U = unlimited) Tolerances
Root Opening Allowed Gas
Welding Joint Root Face As Detailed As Fit-Up Welding Shielding
Process Designation T1 T2 Groove Angle (see 2.12.1) (see 3.3.4) Positions for FCAW Notes
R = 0 to 1/8 +1/16, –0 +1/16, –1/8
1, 3, 6,
SMAW C-U2 U U f = 0 to 1/8 +1/16, –0 Not limited All —
12
= 60° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
R = 0 to 1/8 +1/16, –0 +1/16, –1/8
GMAW Not
C-U2-GF U U f = 0 to 1/8 +1/16, –0 Not limited All 3, 6, 12
FCAW required
= 60° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
R=0 ±0 +1/16, –0
SAW C-U2b-S 1 min U f = 1/4 max +1/4, –0 ±1/16 F — 3, 6, 12
= 60° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°

Double-V-groove weld (3) For B-U3c-S only

Butt joint (B)
T1 S1
Over to
2 2-1/2 1-3/8
2-1/2 3 1-3/4
3 3-5/8 2-1/8
3-5/8 4 2-1/2
4 4-3/4 2-3/4
4-3/4 5-1/2 3
5-1/2 6-1/4 3-3/4
For T1 > 6-1/4 or T1 2
S1 = 2/3 (T1 – 1/4)
Groove Preparation
Base Metal Thickness
(U = unlimited) Tolerances
Root Opening Allowed Gas
Welding Joint Root Face As Detailed As Fit-Up Welding Shielding
Process Designation T1 T2 Groove Angle (see 2.12.1) (see 3.3.4) Positions for FCAW Notes
1, 3, 7,
SMAW B-U3b R = 0 to 1/8 +1/16, –0 +1/16, –1/8 All —
9
U — f = 0 to 1/8 +1/16, –0 Not limited
GMAW = = 60° +10°, –0° +10°, –5° Not
B-U3-GF All 3, 7, 9
FCAW required
R=0 +1/16, –0 +1/16, –0
f = 1/4 min +1/4, –0 +1/4, –0
SAW B-U3c-S U — = = 60° +10°, –0° +10°, –5° F — 3, 7, 9
To find S1 see table above: S2 = T1 – (S1 + f)

Figure 2.4 (Continued) (Inches)

23
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 AASHTO/AWS D1.5M/D1.5:2002 DESIGN OF WELDED CONNECTIONS

Reproduced with the permission of the American Welding Society (AWS), Miami, Florida - 09/15/2011.
See Notes on Page 43
Single-V-groove weld (2) Tolerances
Corner joint (C)
As Detailed As Fit-Up
(see 2.12.1) (see 3.3.4)
R = +1/16, –0 +1/4, –1/16
a = +10°, –0° +10°, –5°

Base Metal Thickness

(U = unlimited) Groove Preparation Allowed Gas
Welding Joint Welding Shielding
Process Designation T1 T2 Root Opening Groove Angle Positions for FCAW Notes
R = 1/4 = 45° All — 1, 12
SMAW C-U2a U U R = 3/8 = 30° F, V, OH — 1, 12
R = 1/2 = 20° F, V, OH — 1, 12
R = 3/16 = 30° F, V, OH Required 12
GMAW
C-U2a-GF U U R = 3/8 = 30° F, V, OH Not req. 12
FCAW
R = 1/4 = 45° F, V, OH Not req. 12
SAW C-L2a-S 2 max U R = 1/4 = 30° F — 12
SAW C-U2-S U U R = 5/8 = 20° F — 12

Single-V-groove weld (2)

Butt joint (B)

Groove Preparation
Base Metal Thickness
(U = unlimited) Tolerances
Root Opening Allowed Gas
Welding Joint Root Face As Detailed As Fit-Up Welding Shielding
Process Designation T1 T2 Groove Angle (see 2.12.1) (see 3.3.4) Positions for FCAW Notes
R = 0 to 1/8 +1/16, –0 +1/16, –1/8
SMAW B-U2 U — f = 0 to 1/8 +1/16, –0 Not limited All — 1, 3, 9
= 60° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
R = 0 to 1/8 +1/16, –0 +1/16, –1/8
GMAW Not
B-U2-GF U — f = 0 to 1/8 +1/16, –0 Not limited All 3, 9
FCAW required
= 60° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
R=0
Over 1/2
— f = 1/4 min
to 1
= 60°
R=0 R = ±0 +1/16, –0
Over 1
SAW B-L2c-S — f = 3/8 min f = +1/4, –0 Not limited F — 3, 9
to 1-1/2
= 60° = +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
R=0
Over 1-1/2
— f = 1/2 min
to 2
= 60°

Figure 2.4 (Continued) (Inches)

24
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 DESIGN OF WELDED CONNECTIONS AASHTO/AWS D1.5M/D1.5:2002

Reproduced with the permission of the American Welding Society (AWS), Miami, Florida - 09/15/2011.
See Notes on Page 43
Square-groove weld (1)
T-joint (T)
Corner joint (C)

Groove Preparation
Base Metal Thickness
(U = unlimited) Tolerances
Allowed Gas
Welding Joint As Detailed As Fit-Up Welding Shielding
Process Designation T1 T2 Root Opening (see 2.12.1) (see 2.12.1) Positions for FCAW Notes
T
SMAW TC-L1b 1/4 max U R = -----1- +1/16, –0 +1/16, –1/8 All — 1, 3, 6
2
GMAW Not
TC-L1-GF 3/8 max U R = 0 to 1/8 +1/16, –0 +1/16, –1/8 All 3, 6
FCAW required
SAW TC-L1-S 3/8 max U R=0 ±0 +1/16, –0 F — 3, 6

Single-V-groove weld (2) Tolerances

Butt joint (B)
As Detailed As Fit-Up
(see 2.12.1) (see 3.3.4)
R = +1/16, –0 +1/4, –1/16
= +10°, –0° +10°, –5°

Base Metal Thickness

(U = unlimited) Groove Preparation Allowed Gas
Welding Joint Welding Shielding
Process Designation T1 T2 Root Opening Groove Angle Positions for FCAW Notes
R = 1/4 = 45° All — 1, 9
SMAW B-U2a U — R = 3/8 = 30° F, V, OH — 1, 9
R = 1/2 = 20° F, V, OH — 1, 9
R = 3/16 = 30° F, V, OH Required 9
GMAW
B-U2a-GF U — R = 3/8 = 30° F, V, OH Not req. 9
FCAW
R = 1/4 = 45° F, V, OH Not req. 9
SAW B-L2a-S 2 max — R = 1/4 = 30° F — 9
SAW B-U2-S U — R = 5/8 = 20° F — 9

Figure 2.4 (Continued) (Inches)

25
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 AASHTO/AWS D1.5M/D1.5:2002 DESIGN OF WELDED CONNECTIONS

Reproduced with the permission of the American Welding Society (AWS), Miami, Florida - 09/15/2011.
See Notes on Page 43
Single-bevel-groove weld (4) Tolerances
Butt joint (B)
As Detailed As Fit-Up
(see 2.12.1) (see 3.3.4)
R = +1/16, –0 +1/4, –1/16
a = +10°, –0° +10°, –5°

Base Metal Thickness

(U = unlimited) Groove Preparation Allowed Gas
Welding Joint Welding Shielding
Process Designation T1 T2 Root Opening Groove Angle Positions for FCAW Notes
R = 1/4 = 45° F, H — 1, 9, 13
SMAW B-U4a U —
R = 3/8 = 30° F, H — 1, 9, 13
R = 3/16 = 30° H Required 9
GMAW
B-U4a-GF U — R = 1/4 = 45° H Not req. 9
FCAW
R = 3/8 = 30° H Not req. 9

Single-bevel-groove weld (4) Tolerances

T-joint (T)
Corner joint (C) As Detailed As Fit-Up
(see 2.12.1) (see 3.3.4)
R = +1/16, –0 +1/4, –1/16
= +10°, –0° +10°, –5°

Base Metal Thickness

(U = unlimited) Groove Preparation Allowed Gas
Welding Joint Welding Shielding
Process Designation T1 T2 Root Opening Groove Angle Positions for FCAW Notes
R = 1/4 = 45° All — 1, 12
SMAW TC-U4c U U
R = 3/8 = 30° F, OH, H — 1, 12
R = 3/16 = 30° All Required 12
GMAW
TC-U4c-GF U U R = 3/8 = 30° F Not req. 12
FCAW
R = 1/4 = 45° All Not req. 12
R = 3/8 = 30°
SAW TC-U4a-S U U F — 12
R = 1/4 = 45°

Figure 2.4 (Continued) (Inches)

26
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 DESIGN OF WELDED CONNECTIONS AASHTO/AWS D1.5M/D1.5:2002

Reproduced with the permission of the American Welding Society (AWS), Miami, Florida - 09/15/2011.
See Notes on Page 43
Single-bevel-groove
Single-bevel-groove weld (4)
Butt
(4) joint (B)
Butt joint (B)

Groove Preparation
Base Metal Thickness
(U = unlimited) Tolerances
Allowed Gas
Welding Joint As Detailed As Fit-Up Welding Shielding
Process Designation T1 T2 Root Opening (see 2.12.1) (see 3.3.4) Positions for FCAW Notes
1, 3, 9,
SMAW B-U4b U — R = 0 to 1/8 +1/16, –0 +1/16, –1/8 F, H —
13
f = 0 to 1/8 +1/16, –0 Not limited
GMAW = 45° +10°, –0° 10°, –5° Not
B-U4b-GF U — H 3, 9
FCAW required

Single-bevel-groove weld (4)

T-joint
(4) (T)
Corner joint (C)
T-joint (T)
Corner joint (C)

Groove Preparation
Base Metal Thickness
(U = unlimited) Tolerances
Root Opening Allowed Gas
Welding Joint Root Face As Detailed As Fit-Up Welding Shielding
Process Designation T1 T2 Groove Angle (see 2.12.1) (see 3.3.4) Positions for FCAW Notes
1, 3, 6,
SMAW TC-U4b U U R = 0 to 1/8 +1/16, –0 +1/16, –1/8 All —
12
f = 0 to 1/8 +1/16, –0 Not limited
GMAW = 45° +10°, –0° 10°, –5° Not
TC-U4b-GF U U All 3, 6, 12
FCAW required
R=0 ±0 +1/4, –0
SAW TC-U4b-S U U f = 1/8 max +0, –1/8 ±1/16 F — 3, 6, 12
= 60° +10°, –0° 10°, –5°

Figure 2.4 (Continued) (Inches)

27
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 AASHTO/AWS D1.5M/D1.5:2002 DESIGN OF WELDED CONNECTIONS

Reproduced with the permission of the American Welding Society (AWS), Miami, Florida - 09/15/2011.
See Notes on Page 43
Double-bevel-groove
Double-bevel-groove weld (5)
Butt
weldjoint
(5) (B)
Butt joint (B)

Groove Preparation
Base Metal Thickness
(U = unlimited) Tolerances
Root Opening Allowed Gas
Welding Joint Root Face As Detailed As Fit-Up Welding Shielding
Process Designation T1 T2 Groove Angle (see 2.12.1) (see 3.3.4) Positions for FCAW Notes

R = 0 to 1/8 +1/16, –0 +1/16, –1/8

f = 0 to 1/8 +1/16, –0 Not limited 1, 3, 7,
SMAW B-U5a U — F, H —
= 45° 9, 13
+ +10° + +10°
= 0° to 15° –0° –5°
R = 0 to 1/8 +1/16, –0 +1/16, –1/8
GMAW f = 0 to 1/8 +1/16, –0 Not limited Not
B-U5-GF U — H 3, 7, 9
FCAW = 45° + = + = required
= 0° to 15° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°

Double-bevel-groove
Double-bevel-groove weld (5)
T-joint
weld (5)(T)
Corner joint (C)
T-joint (T)
Corner joint (C)

Groove Preparation
Base Metal Thickness
(U = unlimited) Tolerances
Root Opening Allowed Gas
Welding Joint Root Face As Detailed As Fit-Up Welding Shielding
Process Designation T1 T2 Groove Angle (see 2.12.1) (see 3.3.4) Positions for FCAW Notes
1, 3, 6,
SMAW TC-U5b U U R = 0 to 1/8 +1/16, –0 +1/16, –1/8 All —
7, 12
f = 0 to 1/8 +1/16, –0 Not limited
GMAW = 45° +10°, –0° +10°, –5° Not 3, 6, 7,
TC-U5-GF U U All
FCAW required 12
R=0 ±0 +1/16, –0
3, 6, 7,
SAW TC-U5-S U U f = 3/16 max +0, –3/16 ±1/16 F —
12
= 60° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°

Figure 2.4 (Continued) (Inches)

28
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 DESIGN OF WELDED CONNECTIONS AASHTO/AWS D1.5M/D1.5:2002

Reproduced with the permission of the American Welding Society (AWS), Miami, Florida - 09/15/2011.
See Notes on Page 43
Single-U-groove weld (6) Tolerances
Butt joint (B)
Corner joint (C) As Detailed As Fit-Up
(see 2.12.1) (see 3.3.4)
R = +1/16, –0 +1/16, –1/8
= +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
f = ±1/16 Not Limited
r = +1/8, –0 +1/8, –0

Base Metal Thickness

(U = unlimited) Groove Preparation
Allowed Gas
Welding Joint Groove Root Groove Welding Shielding
Process Designation T1 T2 Root Opening Angle Face Radius Positions for FCAW Notes
R = 0 to 1/8 = 45° f = 1/8 r = 1/4 All — 1, 3, 9
B-U6 U U
R = 0 to 1/8 = 20° f = 1/8 r = 1/4 F, OH — 1, 3, 9
SMAW
R = 0 to 1/8 = 45° f = 1/8 r = 1/4 All — 1, 3, 12
C-U6 U U
R = 0 to 1/8 = 20° f = 1/8 r = 1/4 F, OH — 1, 3, 12
GMAW B-U6-GF U U R = 0 to 1/8 = 20° f = 1/8 r = 1/4 All Not req. 3, 9
FCAW C-U6-GF U U R = 0 to 1/8 = 20° f = 1/8 r = 1/4 All Not req. 3, 12
f = 1/4
B-U6-S 5/8 min 5/8 min R=0 = 20° r = 1/4 F — 3, 9
min
SAW
f = 1/4
C-U6-S 5/8 min 5/8 min R=0 = 20° r = 1/4 F — 3, 12
min

Double-U-groove weld (7) Tolerances

Butt joint (B)
As Detailed As Fit-Up
(see 2.12.1) (see 3.3.4)
For B-U7 and B-U7-GF
R = +1/16, –0 +1/16, –1/8
= +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
f = ±1/16, –0 Not Limited
r = +1/4, –0 ±1/16
For B-U7-S
R = ±0 +1/16, –0
f = +0, –1/4 ±1/16

Base Metal Thickness

(U = unlimited) Groove Preparation
Allowed Gas
Welding Joint Root Groove Root Groove Welding Shielding
Process Designation T1 T2 Opening Angle Face Radius Positions for FCAW Notes
1, 3, 7,
R = 0 to 1/8 = 45° f = 1/8 r = 1/4 All —
9
SMAW B-U7 U —
1, 3, 7,
R = 0 to 1/8 = 20° f = 1/8 r = 1/4 F, OH —
9
GMAW Not
B-U7-GF U — R = 0 to 1/8 = 20° f = 1/8 r = 1/4 All 3, 7, 9
FCAW required
f = 1/4
SAW B-U7-S U — R=0 = 20° r = 1/4 F — 3, 7, 9
max

Figure 2.4 (Continued) (Inches)

29
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 AASHTO/AWS D1.5M/D1.5:2002 DESIGN OF WELDED CONNECTIONS

Reproduced with the permission of the American Welding Society (AWS), Miami, Florida - 09/15/2011.
See Notes on Page 43
Single-J-groove weld (8) Tolerances
Butt joint (B)
As Detailed As Fit-Up
(see 2.12.1) (see 3.3.4)
R = +1/16, –0 +1/16, –1/8
= +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
f = +1/16, –0 Not Limited
r = +1/4, –0 ±1/16

Base Metal Thickness

(U = unlimited) Groove Preparation
Allowed Gas
Welding Joint Root Groove Root Groove Welding Shielding
Process Designation T1 T2 Opening Angle Face Radius Positions for FCAW Notes
1, 3, 9,
SMAW B-U8 U — R = 0 to 1/8 = 45° f = 1/8 r = 3/8 F, H —
13
GMAW Not
B-U8-GF U — R = 0 to 1/8 = 30° f = 1/8 r = 3/8 H 3, 9
FCAW required

Single-J-groove weld (8) Tolerances

T-joint (T)
Corner joint (C) As Detailed As Fit-Up
(see 2.12.1) (see 3.3.4)
R = +1/16, –0 +1/16, –1/8
= +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
f = +1/16, –0 Not Limited
r = +1/4, –0 ±1/16

Base Metal Thickness

(U = unlimited) Groove Preparation
Allowed Gas
Welding Joint Root Groove Root Groove Welding Shielding
Process Designation T1 T2 Opening Angle Face Radius Positions for FCAW Notes
1, 3, 6,
R = 0 to 1/8 = 45° f = 1/8 r = 3/8 All —
9
SMAW TC-U8a U U
1, 3, 6,
R = 0 to 1/8 = 30° f = 1/8 r = 3/8 F, OH —
9
GMAW Not
TC-U8a-GF U U R = 0 to 1/8 = 30° f = 1/8 r = 3/8 All 3, 6, 9
FCAW required
f = 1/4
SAW TC-U8a-S 5/8 min 5/8 min R=0 = 30° r = 3/8 F — 3, 6, 9
min

Figure 2.4 (Continued) (Inches)

30
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 DESIGN OF WELDED CONNECTIONS AASHTO/AWS D1.5M/D1.5:2002

Reproduced with the permission of the American Welding Society (AWS), Miami, Florida - 09/15/2011.
See Notes on Page 43
Double-J-groove weld (9) Tolerances
Butt joint (B)
As Detailed As Fit-Up
(see 2.12.1) (see 3.3.4)
R = +1/16, –0 +1/16, –1/8
= +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
f = +1/16, –0 Not Limited
r = +1/8, –0 ±1/16

Base Metal Thickness

(U = unlimited) Groove Preparation
Allowed Gas
Welding Joint Root Groove Root Groove Welding Shielding
Process Designation T1 T2 Opening Angle Face Radius Positions for FCAW Notes
1, 3, 7,
SMAW B-U9 U — R = 0 to 1/8 = 45° f = 1/8 r = 3/8 F, H —
9, 13
GMAW Not
B-U9-GF U — R = 0 to 1/8 = 30° f = 1/8 r = 3/8 H 3, 7, 9
FCAW required

Double-J-groove weld (9) Tolerances

T-joint (T)
Corner joint (C) As Detailed As Fit-Up
(see 2.12.1) (see 3.3.4)
R = +1/16, –0 +1/16, –1/8
= +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
f = +1/16, –0 Not Limited
r = +1/8, –0 ±1/16

Base Metal Thickness

(U = unlimited) Groove Preparation
Allowed Gas
Welding Joint Root Groove Root Groove Welding Shielding
Process Designation T1 T2 Opening Angle Face Radius Positions for FCAW Notes
1, 3, 6,
R = 0 to 1/8 = 45° f = 1/8 r = 3/8 All —
7, 12
SMAW TC-U9a U U
3, 6, 7,
R = 0 to 1/8 = 30° f = 1/8 r = 3/8 F, OH —
12
GMAW Not 3, 6, 7,
TC-U9a-GF U U R = 0 to 1/8 = 30° f = 1/8 r = 3/8 All
FCAW required 12
3, 6, 7,
SAW TC-U9a-S 3/8 min 3/8 min R=0 = 30° f = 1/4 r = 3/8 F —
12

Figure 2.4 (Continued) (Inches)

31
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 AASHTO/AWS D1.5M/D1.5:2002 DESIGN OF WELDED CONNECTIONS

Reproduced with the permission of the American Welding Society (AWS), Miami, Florida - 09/15/2011.
See Notes on Page 43
Square-groove weld (1)
Butt joint (B)

FOR BUTT JOINT RESTRICTIONS,

SEE 2.14

Groove Preparation
Base Metal Thickness
(U = unlimited) Tolerances
Allowed
Welding Joint As Detailed As Fit-Up Welding Weld Size
Process Designation T1 T2 Root Opening (see 2.13.1) (see 3.3.4) Positions (E) Notes
B-P1a 3 max — R = 0 to 2 +2, –0 ±2 All T1 – 1 1, 2
SMAW T T1
B-P1c 6 max — R = -----1- min +2, –0 ±2 All ------ 1, 2
2 2

Square-groove weld (1)

Butt joint (B)

3T
E1 + E2 MUST NOT EXCEED ---------1
4

FOR BUTT JOINT RESTRICTIONS,

SEE 2.14

Groove Preparation
Base Metal Thickness
(U = unlimited) Tolerances
Allowed Total
Welding Joint As Detailed As Fit-Up Welding Weld Size
Process Designation T1 T2 Root Opening (see 2.13.1) (see 3.3.4) Positions (E1 + E2) Notes
T 3T1
SMAW B-P1b 6 max — R = -----1- +2, –0 ±2 All ---------- 1
2 4

Figure 2.5—Details of Welded Joints for PJP

Groove Welds (see 2.13.1) (Dimensions in Millimeters)

32
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 DESIGN OF WELDED CONNECTIONS AASHTO/AWS D1.5M/D1.5:2002

Reproduced with the permission of the American Welding Society (AWS), Miami, Florida - 09/15/2011.
See Notes on Page 43
Single-V-groove weld (2)
Corner joint (C)

FOR BUTT JOINT RESTRICTIONS,

SEE 2.14

Groove Preparation
Base Metal Thickness
(U = unlimited) Tolerances
Root Opening Allowed
Welding Joint Root Face As Detailed As Fit-Up Welding Weld Size
Process Designation T1 T2 Groove Angle (see 2.13.1) (see 3.3.4) Positions (E) Notes
R=0 +2, –0 +3, –2
1, 2, 4,
SMAW C-P2 6 min U f = 1 min Unlimited ±2 All S
11
= 60° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
R=0 +2, –0 +3, –2
GMAW
C-P2-GF 6 min U f = 3 min Unlimited ±2 All S 2, 4, 11
FCAW
= 60° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
R=0 ±0 +2, –0‡
SAW C-P2-S 11 min U f = 6 min Unlimited ±2 F S 2, 4, 11
= 60° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
‡Fit-up tolerance, see 3.3.2, for rolled shapes R may be 8 mm in thick plates if backing is provided.

Double-V-groove weld (3)

Butt joint (B)

FOR BUTT JOINT RESTRICTIONS,

SEE 2.14

Groove Preparation
Base Metal Thickness
(U = unlimited) Tolerances
Root Opening Allowed Total
Welding Joint Root Face As Detailed As Fit-Up Welding Weld Size
Process Designation T1 T2 Groove Angle (see 2.13.1) (see 3.3.4) Positions (E1 + E2) Notes
R=0 +2, –0 +3, –2
1, 4, 8,
SMAW B-P3 12 min — f = 3 min Unlimited ±2 All S 1 + S2
11
= 60° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
R=0 +2, –0 +3, –2
GMAW
B-P3-GF 12 min — f = 3 min Unlimited ±2 All S1 + S 2 4, 8, 11
FCAW
= 60° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
R=0 ±0 +2, –0
SAW B-P3-S 20 min — f = 6 min Unlimited ±2 F S1 + S 2 4, 8, 11
= 60° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°

Figure 2.5 (Continued) (Millimeters)

33
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 AASHTO/AWS D1.5M/D1.5:2002 DESIGN OF WELDED CONNECTIONS

Reproduced with the permission of the American Welding Society (AWS), Miami, Florida - 09/15/2011.
See Notes on Page 43
Single-bevel-groove (4)
T-joint (T)
Corner joint (C)

FOR CORNER AND T-JOINT

RESTRICTIONS, SEE 2.11

FOR BUTT JOINT RESTRICTIONS,

SEE 2.14

Groove Preparation
Base Metal Thickness
(U = unlimited) Tolerances
Root Opening Allowed
Welding Joint Root Face As Detailed As Fit-Up Welding Weld Size
Process Designation T1 T2 Groove Angle (see 2.13.1) (see 3.3.4) Positions (E) Notes
R=0 +2, –0 +3, –2
1, 2, 4,
SMAW TC-P4 U U f = 3 min Unlimited ±2 All S–3
6, 11
= 45° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
R=0 +2, –0 +3, –2
GMAW 2, 4, 6,
TC-P4-GF 6 min U f = 3 min Unlimited ±2 All S–3
FCAW 11
= 45° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
R=0 ±0 +2, –0‡ 2, 4, 6,
SAW TC-P4-S 11 min U f = 6 min Unlimited ±2 F S
11
= 60° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
‡Fit-up tolerance, see 3.3.2, for rolled shapes R may be 8 mm in thick plates if backing is provided.

Double-bevel-groove weld (5)

T-joint (T)
Corner joint (C)

FOR CORNER AND T-JOINT

RESTRICTIONS, SEE 2.11

FOR BUTT JOINT RESTRICTIONS,

SEE 2.14

Groove Preparation
Base Metal Thickness
(U = unlimited) Tolerances
Root Opening Allowed Total
Welding Joint Root Face As Detailed As Fit-Up Welding Weld Size
Process Designation T1 T2 Groove Angle (see 2.13.1) (see 3.3.4) Positions (E1 + E2) Notes
R=0 +2, –0 +3, –2
(S1 + S2) 1, 4, 6,
SMAW TC-P5 8 min U f = 3 min Unlimited ±2 All
–6 8, 11
= 45° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
R=0 +2, –0 +3, –2
GMAW (S1 + S2) 4, 6, 8,
TC-P5-GF 12 min U f = 3 min Unlimited ±2 All
FCAW –6 11
= 45° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
R=0 ±0 +2, –0
4, 6, 8,
SAW TC-P5-S 20 min U f = 6 min Unlimited ±2 F S1 + S 2
11
= 60° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
‡Fit-up tolerance, see 3.3.2, for rolled shapes R may be 8 mm in thick plates if backing is provided.

Figure 2.5 (Continued) (Millimeters)

34
Reproduced with the permission of the American Welding Society (AWS), Miami, Florida - 09/15/2011
 DESIGN OF WELDED CONNECTIONS AASHTO/AWS D1.5M/D1.5:2002

Reproduced with the permission of the American Welding Society (AWS), Miami, Florida - 09/15/2011.
See Notes on Page 43
Single-U-groove weld (6)
Corner joint (C)

FOR CORNER AND T-JOINT

RESTRICTIONS, SEE 2.11

FOR BUTT JOINT RESTRICTIONS,

SEE 2.14

Groove Preparation
Base Metal Thickness
(U = unlimited) Root Opening Tolerances
Root Face Allowed
Welding Joint Groove Radius As Detailed As Fit-Up Welding Weld Size
Process Designation T1 T2 Groove Angle (see 2.13.1) (see 3.3.4) Positions (E) Notes
R=0 +2, –0 +3, –2
f = 1 min +U, –0 ±2 1, 2, 4,
SMAW C-P6 6 min U All S
r=6 +6, –0 ±2 11
= 45° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
R=0 +2, –0 +3, –2
GMAW f = 3 min +U, –0 ±2
C-P6-GF 6 min U All S 2, 4, 11
FCAW r=6 +6, –0 ±2
= 20° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
R=0 ±0 +2, –0‡
f = 6 min +U, –0 ±2
SAW C-P6-S 11 min U F S 2, 4, 11
r=6 +6, –0 ±2
= 20° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
‡Fit-up tolerance, see 3.3.2, for rolled shapes R may be 8 mm in thick plates if backing is provided.

Figure 2.5 (Continued) (Millimeters)

35
Reproduced with the permission of the American Welding Society (AWS), Miami, Florida - 09/15/2011
 AASHTO/AWS D1.5M/D1.5:2002 DESIGN OF WELDED CONNECTIONS

Reproduced with the permission of the American Welding Society (AWS), Miami, Florida - 09/15/2011.
See Notes on Page 43
Single-J-groove weld (8)
T-joint (T)
Corner joint (C)

FOR CORNER AND T-JOINT

RESTRICTIONS, SEE 2.11

FOR BUTT JOINT RESTRICTIONS,

SEE 2.14

Groove Preparation
Base Metal Thickness
(U = unlimited) Root Opening Tolerances
Root Face Allowed
Welding Joint Groove Radius As Detailed As Fit-Up Welding Weld Size
Process Designation T1 T2 Groove Angle (see 2.13.1) (see 3.3.4) Positions (E) Notes
R=0 +2, –0 +3, –2
f = 3 min Not limited ±2 1, 4, 6,
SMAW TC-P8 6 min U All S
r = 10 +6, –0 ±2 11
= 45° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
R=0 +2, –0 +3, –2
f = 3 min Not limited ±2 1, 4, 6,
SMAW C-P8* 6 min U All S
r = 10 +6, –0 ±2 11
= 30° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
R=0 +2, –0 +3, –2
GMAW f = 3 min Not limited ±2
TC-P8-GF 6 min U All S 4, 6, 11
FCAW r = 10 +6, –0 ±2
= 45° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
R=0 +2, –0 +3, –2
GMAW f = 3 min Not limited ±2
C-P8-GF* 6 min U All S 4, 6, 11
FCAW r = 10 +6, –0 ±2
= 30° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
R=0 ±0 +2, –0‡
f = 6 min Not limited ±2
SAW TC-P8-S 11 min U F S 4, 6, 11
r = 12 +6, –0 ±2
= 45° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
R=0 ±0 +2, –0‡
f = 6 min Not limited ±2
SAW C-P8-S* 11 min U F S 4, 6, 11
r = 12 +6, –0 ±2
= 30° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
‡Fit-uptolerance, see 3.3.2, for rolled shapes R may be 8 mm in thick plates if backing is provided.
*Applies to outside corner joints.

Figure 2.5 (Continued) (Millimeters)

36
Reproduced with the permission of the American Welding Society (AWS), Miami, Florida - 09/15/2011
 DESIGN OF WELDED CONNECTIONS AASHTO/AWS D1.5M/D1.5:2002

Reproduced with the permission of the American Welding Society (AWS), Miami, Florida - 09/15/2011.
See Notes on Page 43
Double-J-groove weld (9)
T-joint (T)
Corner joint (C)

FOR CORNER AND T-JOINT

RESTRICTIONS, SEE 2.11

FOR BUTT JOINT RESTRICTIONS,

SEE 2.14

Groove Preparation
Base Metal Thickness
(U = unlimited) Root Opening Tolerances
Root Face Allowed Total
Welding Joint Groove Radius As Detailed As Fit-Up Welding Weld Size
Process Designation T1 T2 Groove Angle (see 2.13.1) (see 3.3.4) Positions (E1 + E2) Notes
R=0 +2, –0 +3, –2
f = 3 min –0 ±2 1, 4, 6,
SMAW TC-P9 12 min U All S 1 + S2
r = 10 +6, –0 ±2 8, 11
= 45° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
R=0 +2, –0 +3, –2
GMAW f = 3 min Not limited ±2 4, 6, 8,
TC-P9-GF* 12 min U All S1 + S 2
FCAW r = 10 +6, –0 ±2 11
= 30° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
R=0 ±0 +2, –0
f = 6 min Not limited ±2 S 1 + S2 4, 6, 8,
SAW C-P9-S 20 min U F
r = 12 +6, –0 ±2 11
= 45° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
R=0 ±0 +2, –0‡
f = 6 min Not limited ±2 4, 6, 8,
SAW C-P9-S* 20 min U F S1 + S 2
r = 12 +6, –0 ±2 11
= 20° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
R=0 ±0 +2, –0‡
f = 6 min Not limited ±2 4, 6, 8,
SAW T-P9-S 20 min U F S1 + S 2
r = 12 +6, –0 ±2 11
= 45° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
‡Fit-uptolerance, see 3.3.2, for rolled shapes R may be 8 mm in thick plates if backing is provided.
*Applies to outside corner joints.

Figure 2.5 (Continued) (Millimeters)

37
Reproduced with the permission of the American Welding Society (AWS), Miami, Florida - 09/15/2011
 AASHTO/AWS D1.5M/D1.5:2002 DESIGN OF WELDED CONNECTIONS

Reproduced with the permission of the American Welding Society (AWS), Miami, Florida - 09/15/2011.
See Notes on Page 43
Square-groove weld (1)
Butt joint (B)

FOR BUTT JOINT RESTRICTIONS,

SEE 2.14

Groove Preparation
Base Metal Thickness
(U = unlimited) Tolerances
Allowed
Welding Joint As Detailed As Fit-Up Welding Weld Size
Process Designation T1 T2 Root Opening (see 2.13.1) (see 3.3.4) Positions (E) Notes
B-P1a 1/8 max — R = 0 to 1/16 +1/16, –0 ±1/16 All T1 – 1/32 1, 2
SMAW T T1
B-P1c 1/4 max — R = -----1- min +1/16, –0 ±1/16 All ------ 1, 2
2 2

Square-groove weld (1)

Butt joint (B)

3T
E1 + E2 MUST NOT EXCEED ---------1
4

FOR BUTT JOINT RESTRICTIONS,

SEE 2.14

Groove Preparation
Base Metal Thickness
(U = unlimited) Tolerances
Allowed Total
Welding Joint As Detailed As Fit-Up Welding Weld Size
Process Designation T1 T2 Root Opening (see 2.13.1) (see 3.3.4) Positions (E1 + E2) Notes
T ±1/16 3T1
SMAW B-P1b 1/4 max — R = -----1- +1/16, –0 All ---------- 1
2 4

Figure 2.5 (Continued) (Inches)

38
Reproduced with the permission of the American Welding Society (AWS), Miami, Florida - 09/15/2011
 DESIGN OF WELDED CONNECTIONS AASHTO/AWS D1.5M/D1.5:2002

Reproduced with the permission of the American Welding Society (AWS), Miami, Florida - 09/15/2011.
See Notes on Page 43
Single-V-groove weld (2)
Corner joint (C)

FOR BUTT JOINT RESTRICTIONS,

SEE 2.14

Groove Preparation
Base Metal Thickness
(U = unlimited) Tolerances
Root Opening Allowed
Welding Joint Root Face As Detailed As Fit-Up Welding Weld Size
Process Designation T1 T2 Groove Angle (see 2.13.1) (see 3.3.4) Positions (E) Notes
R=0 +1/16, –0 +1/8, –1/16
1, 2, 4,
SMAW C-P2 1/4 min U f = 1/32 min Unlimited ±1/16 All S
11
= 60° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
R=0 +1/16, –0 +1/8, –1/16
GMAW
C-P2-GF 1/4 min U f = 1/8 min Unlimited ±1/16 All S 2, 4, 11
FCAW
= 60° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
R=0 ±0 +1/16, –0‡
SAW C-P2-S 7/16 min U f = 1/4 min Unlimited ±1/16 F S 2, 4, 11
= 60° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
‡Fit-up tolerance, see 3.3.2, for rolled shapes R may be 5/16 in. in thick plates if backing is provided.

Double-V-groove weld (3)

Butt joint (B)

FOR BUTT JOINT RESTRICTIONS,

SEE 2.14

Groove Preparation
Base Metal Thickness
(U = unlimited) Tolerances
Root Opening Allowed Total
Welding Joint Root Face As Detailed As Fit-Up Welding Weld Size
Process Designation T1 T2 Groove Angle (see 2.13.1) (see 3.3.4) Positions (E1 + E2) Notes
R=0 +1/16, –0 +1/8, –1/16
1, 4, 8,
SMAW B-P3 1/2 min — f = 1/8 min Unlimited ±1/16 All S 1 + S2
11
= 60° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
R=0 +1/16, –0 +1/8, –1/16
GMAW
B-P3-GF 1/2 min — f = 1/8 min Unlimited ±1/16 All S1 + S 2 4, 8, 11
FCAW
= 60° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
R=0 ±0 +1/16, –0
SAW B-P3-S 3/4 min — f = 1/4 min Unlimited ±1/16 F S1 + S 2 4, 8, 11
= 60° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°

Figure 2.5 (Continued) (Inches)

39
Reproduced with the permission of the American Welding Society (AWS), Miami, Florida - 09/15/2011
 AASHTO/AWS D1.5M/D1.5:2002 DESIGN OF WELDED CONNECTIONS

Reproduced with the permission of the American Welding Society (AWS), Miami, Florida - 09/15/2011.
See Notes on Page 43
Single-bevel-groove (4)
T-joint (T)
Corner joint (C)

FOR CORNER AND T-JOINT

RESTRICTIONS, SEE 2.11

FOR BUTT JOINT RESTRICTIONS,

SEE 2.14

Groove Preparation
Base Metal Thickness
(U = unlimited) Tolerances
Root Opening Allowed
Welding Joint Root Face As Detailed As Fit-Up Welding Weld Size
Process Designation T1 T2 Groove Angle (see 2.13.1) (see 3.3.4) Positions (E) Notes
R=0 +1/16, –0 +1/8, –1/16
1, 2, 4,
SMAW TC-P4 U U f = 1/8 min Unlimited ±1/16 All S–1/8
6, 11
= 45° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
R=0 +1/16, –0 +1/8, –1/16
GMAW 2, 4, 6,
TC-P4-GF 1/4 min U f = 1/8 min Unlimited ±1/16 All S–1/8
FCAW 11
= 45° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
R=0 ±0 +1/16, –0‡ 2, 4, 6,
SAW TC-P4-S 7/16 min U f = 1/4 min Unlimited ±1/16 F S
11
= 60° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
‡Fit-up tolerance, see 3.3.2, for rolled shapes R may be 5/16 in. in thick plates if backing is provided.

Double-bevel-groove weld (5)

T-joint (T)
Corner joint (C)

FOR CORNER AND T-JOINT

RESTRICTIONS, SEE 2.11

FOR BUTT JOINT RESTRICTIONS,

SEE 2.14

Groove Preparation
Base Metal Thickness
(U = unlimited) Tolerances
Root Opening Allowed Total
Welding Joint Root Face As Detailed As Fit-Up Welding Weld Size
Process Designation T1 T2 Groove Angle (see 2.13.1) (see 3.3.4) Positions (E1 + E2) Notes
R=0 +1/16, –0 +1/8, –1/16
(S1 + S2) 1, 4, 6,
SMAW TC-P5 5/16 min U f = 1/8 min Unlimited ±1/16 All
–1/4 8, 11
= 45° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
R=0 +1/16, –0 +1/8, –1/16
GMAW (S1 + S2) 4, 6, 8,
TC-P5-GF 1/2 min U f = 1/8 min Unlimited ±1/16 All
FCAW –1/4 11
= 45° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
R=0 ±0 +1/16, –0
4, 6, 8,
SAW TC-P5-S 3/4 min U f = 1/4 min Unlimited ±1/16 F S1 + S 2
11
= 60° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
‡Fit-up tolerance, see 3.3.2, for rolled shapes R may be 5/16 in. in thick plates if backing is provided.

Figure 2.5 (Continued) (Inches)

40
Reproduced with the permission of the American Welding Society (AWS), Miami, Florida - 09/15/2011
 DESIGN OF WELDED CONNECTIONS AASHTO/AWS D1.5M/D1.5:2002

Reproduced with the permission of the American Welding Society (AWS), Miami, Florida - 09/15/2011.
See Notes on Page 43
Single-U-groove weld (6)
Corner joint (C)

FOR CORNER AND T-JOINT

RESTRICTIONS, SEE 2.11

FOR BUTT JOINT RESTRICTIONS,

SEE 2.14

Groove Preparation
Base Metal Thickness
(U = unlimited) Root Opening Tolerances
Root Face Allowed
Welding Joint Groove Radius As Detailed As Fit-Up Welding Weld Size
Process Designation T1 T2 Groove Angle (see 2.13.1) (see 3.3.4) Positions (E) Notes
R=0 +1/16, –0 +1/8, –1/16
f = 1/32 min +U, –0 ±1/16 1, 2, 4,
SMAW C-P6 1/4 min U All S
r = 1/4 +1/4, –0 ±1/16 11
= 45° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
R=0 +1/16, –0 +1/8, –1/16
GMAW f = 1/8 min +U, –0 ±1/16
C-P6-GF 1/4 min U All S 2, 4, 11
FCAW r = 1/4 +1/4, –0 ±1/16
= 20° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
R=0 ±0 +1/16, –0‡
f = 1/4 min +U, –0 ±1/16
SAW C-P6-S 7/16 min U F S 2, 4, 11
r = 1/4 +1/4, –0 ±1/16
= 20° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
‡Fit-up tolerance, see 3.3.2, for rolled shapes R may be 5/16 in. in thick plates if backing is provided.

Figure 2.5 (Continued) (Inches)

41
Reproduced with the permission of the American Welding Society (AWS), Miami, Florida - 09/15/2011
 AASHTO/AWS D1.5M/D1.5:2002 DESIGN OF WELDED CONNECTIONS

Reproduced with the permission of the American Welding Society (AWS), Miami, Florida - 09/15/2011.
See Notes on Page 43
Single-J-groove weld (8)
T-joint (T)
Corner joint (C)

FOR CORNER AND T-JOINT

RESTRICTIONS, SEE 2.11

FOR BUTT JOINT RESTRICTIONS,

SEE 2.14

Groove Preparation
Base Metal Thickness
(U = unlimited) Root Opening Tolerances
Root Face Allowed
Welding Joint Groove Radius As Detailed As Fit-Up Welding Weld Size
Process Designation T1 T2 Groove Angle (see 2.13.1) (see 3.3.4) Positions (E) Notes
R=0 +1/16, –0 +1/8, –1/16
f = 1/8 min Not limited ±1/16 1, 4, 6,
SMAW TC-P8 1/4 min U All S
r = 3/8 +1/4, –0 ±1/16 11
= 45° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
R=0 +1/16, –0 +1/8, –1/16
f = 1/8 min Not limited ±1/16 1, 4, 6,
SMAW C-P8* 1/4 min U All S
r = 3/8 +1/4, –0 ±1/16 11
= 30° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
R=0 +1/16, –0 +1/8, –1/16
GMAW f = 1/8 min Not limited ±1/16
TC-P8-GF 1/4 min U All S 4, 6, 11
FCAW r = 3/8 +1/4, –0 ±1/16
= 45° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
R=0 +1/16, –0 +1/8, –1/16
GMAW f = 1/8 min Not limited ±1/16
C-P8-GF* 1/4 min U All S 4, 6, 11
FCAW r = 3/8 +1/4, –0 ±1/16
= 30° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
R=0 ±0 +1/16, –0‡
f = 1/4 min Not limited ±1/16
SAW TC-P8-S 7/16 min U F S 4, 6, 11
r = 1/2 +1/4, –0 ±1/16
= 45° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
R=0 ±0 +1/16, –0‡
f = 1/4 min Not limited ±1/16
SAW C-P8-S* 7/16 min U F S 4, 6, 11
r = 1/2 +1/4, –0 ±1/16
= 30° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
‡Fit-uptolerance, see 3.3.2, for rolled shapes R may be 5/16 in. in thick plates if backing is provided.
*Applies to outside corner joints.

Figure 2.5 (Continued) (Inches)

42
Reproduced with the permission of the American Welding Society (AWS), Miami, Florida - 09/15/2011
 DESIGN OF WELDED CONNECTIONS AASHTO/AWS D1.5M/D1.5:2002

Reproduced with the permission of the American Welding Society (AWS), Miami, Florida - 09/15/2011.
See Notes on Page 43
Double-J-groove weld (9)
T-joint (T)
Corner joint (C)

FOR CORNER AND T-JOINT

RESTRICTIONS, SEE 2.11

FOR BUTT JOINT RESTRICTIONS,

SEE 2.14

Groove Preparation
Base Metal Thickness
(U = unlimited) Root Opening Tolerances
Root Face Allowed Total
Welding Joint Groove Radius As Detailed As Fit-Up Welding Weld Size
Process Designation T1 T2 Groove Angle (see 2.13.1) (see 3.3.4) Positions (E1 + E2) Notes
R=0 +1/16, –0 +1/8, –1/16
f = 1/8 min –0 ±1/16 1, 4, 6,
SMAW TC-P9 1/2 min U All S 1 + S2
r = 3/8 +1/4, –0 ±1/16 8, 11
= 45° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
R=0 +1/16, –0 +1/8, –1/16
GMAW f = 1/8 min Not limited ±1/16 4, 6, 8,
TC-P9-GF* 1/2 min U All S1 + S 2
FCAW r = 3/8 +1/4, –0 ±1/16 11
= 30° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
R=0 ±0 +1/16, –0
f = 1/4 min Not limited ±1/16 S1 + S 2 4, 6, 8,
SAW C-P9-S 3/4 min U F
r = 1/2 +1/4, –0 ±1/16 11
= 45° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
R=0 ±0 +1/16, –0‡
f = 1/4 min Not limited ±1/16 4, 6, 8,
SAW C-P9-S* 3/4 min U F S1 + S 2
r = 1/2 +1/4, –0 ±1/16 11
= 20° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
R=0 ±0 +1/16, –0‡
f = 1/4 min Not limited ±1/16 4, 6, 8,
SAW T-P9-S 3/4 min U F S1 + S 2
r = 1/2 +1/4, –0 ±1/16 11
= 45° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
‡Fit-uptolerance, see 3.3.2, for rolled shapes R may be 5/16 in. in thick plates if backing is provided.
*Applies to outside corner joints.

Figure 2.5 (Continued) (Inches)

Notes for Figures 2.4 and 2.5
Notes:
1. Groove preparations detailed for SMAW joints may be used for GMAW or FCAW.
2. Joint shall be welded from one side only.
3. Backgouge root to sound metal before welding second side.
4. Minimum weld size (E) as shown in Table 2.2; S as specified on drawings.
5. Evidence of CJP shall be required (see 4.7.5).
6. Groove welds in corner and T-joints shall be reinforced with fillet welds with a leg size equal to or greater than T/4, but need not exceed
10 mm [3/8 in.]. T shall be defined as the thinner of the attaching elements.
7. Double-groove welds may have grooves of unequal depth, but the depth of the shallower groove shall be no less than one-fourth of the
thickness of the thinner part joined.
8. Double-groove welds may have grooves of unequal depth, provided they conform to the limitations of Note D. Also the weld size (E), less
any reduction, applies individually to each groove.
9. The orientation of the two members in the joints may vary from 135° to 180° provided that the basic joint configuration (groove angle, root
face, root opening) remains the same and that the design weld size shall be maintained.
10. For corner and T-joints, the member orientation may be changed provided the groove angle shall be maintained as specified.
11. The member orientation may be changed provided that the groove dimensions shall be maintained as specified.
12. The orientation of the two members in the joints may vary from 45° to 135° for corner joints and from 45° to 90° for T-joints, provided that
the basic joint configuration (groove angle, root face, root opening) remains the same and that the design weld size shall be maintained.
13. These joint details shall not be used where V-groove or U-groove details are practicable (see 2.14).

43
Reproduced with the permission of the American Welding Society (AWS), Miami, Florida - 09/15/2011