Pre Qualified Weld Desgination
Pre Qualified Weld Desgination
Pre Qualified Weld Desgination
5:2002
Reproduced with the permission of the American Welding Society (AWS), Miami, Florida - 09/15/2011.
Legend for Figures 2.4 and 2.5
Symbols for joint types
B — butt joint
C — corner joint
T — T-joint
BC — butt or corner joint
TC — T- or corner joint
BTC — butt, T-, or corner joint
Welding processes
SMAW — shielded metal arc welding
GMAW — gas metal arc welding
FCAW — flux cored metal arc welding
SAW — submerged arc welding
Welding positions
F — flat
H — horizontal
V — vertical
OH — overhead
Dimensions
R= Root Opening
, = Groove Angles
f= Root Face
r= J- or U-groove Radius
S, S1 , S2 = PJP Groove Weld Depth of Groove
E, E1 , E2 = PJP Groove Weld Sizes corresponding to
S, S1 , S2 , respectively
Joint Designation
The lower case letters, e.g., a, b, c, etc., are used to differentiate
between joints that would otherwise have the same joint
designation.
11
Reproduced with the permission of the American Welding Society (AWS), Miami, Florida - 09/15/2011
AASHTO/AWS D1.5M/D1.5:2002 DESIGN OF WELDED CONNECTIONS
Reproduced with the permission of the American Welding Society (AWS), Miami, Florida - 09/15/2011.
See Notes on Page 43
Square-groove weld (1)
Butt joint (B)
Corner joint (C)
Groove Preparation
Base Metal Thickness
(U = unlimited) Tolerances
Allowed Gas
Welding Joint As Detailed As Fit-Up Welding Shielding
Process Designation T1 T2 Root Opening (see 2.12.1) (see 3.3.4) Positions for FCAW Notes
B-L1a 6 max — R = T1 +2, –0 +6, –2 All — 1, 9
SMAW
C-L1a 6 max U R = T1 +2, –0 +6, –2 All — 1
FCAW Not
B-L1a-GF 10 max — R = T1 +2, –0 +6, –2 All 9
GMAW required
Groove Preparation
Base Metal Thickness
(U = unlimited) Tolerances
Allowed Gas
Welding Joint As Detailed As Fit-Up Welding Shielding
Process Designation T1 T2 Root Opening (see 2.12.1) (see 3.3.4) Positions for FCAW Notes
T
SMAW B-L1b 6 max — R = -----1- +2, –0 +2, –3 All — 1, 3, 9
2
GMAW Not
B-L1b-GF 10 max — R = 0 to 3 +2, –0 +2, –3 All 3, 9
FCAW required
SAW B-L1-S 10 max — R=0 ±0 +2, –0 F — 5, 9
SAW B-L1a-S 16 max — R=0 ±0 +2, –0 F — 3, 9
12
Reproduced with the permission of the American Welding Society (AWS), Miami, Florida - 09/15/2011
DESIGN OF WELDED CONNECTIONS AASHTO/AWS D1.5M/D1.5:2002
Reproduced with the permission of the American Welding Society (AWS), Miami, Florida - 09/15/2011.
See Notes on Page 43
Single-V-groove weld (2)
Corner joint (C)
Groove Preparation
Base Metal Thickness
(U = unlimited) Tolerances
Root Opening Allowed Gas
Welding Joint Root Face As Detailed As Fit-Up Welding Shielding
Process Designation T1 T2 Groove Angle (see 2.12.1) (see 3.3.4) Positions for FCAW Notes
R = 0 to 3 +2, –0 +2, –3
1, 3, 6,
SMAW C-U2 U U f = 0 to 3 +2, –0 Not limited All —
12
= 60° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
R = 0 to 3 +2, –0 +2, –3
GMAW Not
C-U2-GF U U f = 0 to 3 +2, –0 Not limited All 3, 6, 12
FCAW required
= 60° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
R=0 ±0 +2, –0
SAW C-U2b-S 25 min U f = 6 max +6, –0 ±2 F — 3, 6, 12
= 60° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
13
Reproduced with the permission of the American Welding Society (AWS), Miami, Florida - 09/15/2011
AASHTO/AWS D1.5M/D1.5:2002 DESIGN OF WELDED CONNECTIONS
Reproduced with the permission of the American Welding Society (AWS), Miami, Florida - 09/15/2011.
See Notes on Page 43
Single-V-groove weld (2) Tolerances
Corner joint (C)
As Detailed As Fit-Up
(see 2.12.1) (see 3.3.4)
R = +2, –0 +6, –2
a = +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
Groove Preparation
Base Metal Thickness
(U = unlimited) Tolerances
Root Opening Allowed Gas
Welding Joint Root Face As Detailed As Fit-Up Welding Shielding
Process Designation T1 T2 Groove Angle (see 2.12.1) (see 3.3.4) Positions for FCAW Notes
R = 0 to 3 +2, –0 +2, –3
SMAW B-U2 U — f = 0 to 3 +2, –0 Not limited All — 1, 3, 9
= 60° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
R = 0 to 3 +2, –0 +2, –3
GMAW Not
B-U2-GF U — f = 0 to 3 +2, –0 Not limited All 3, 9
FCAW required
= 60° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
R=0
Over 12
— f = 6 min
to 25
= 60°
R=0 R = ±0 +2, –0
Over 25
SAW B-L2c-S — f = 10 min f = +6, –0 Not limited F — 3, 9
to 38
= 60° = +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
R=0
Over 38
— f = 12 min
to 50
= 60°
14
Reproduced with the permission of the American Welding Society (AWS), Miami, Florida - 09/15/2011
DESIGN OF WELDED CONNECTIONS AASHTO/AWS D1.5M/D1.5:2002
Reproduced with the permission of the American Welding Society (AWS), Miami, Florida - 09/15/2011.
See Notes on Page 43
Square-groove weld (1)
T-joint (T)
Corner joint (C)
Groove Preparation
Base Metal Thickness
(U = unlimited) Tolerances
Allowed Gas
Welding Joint As Detailed As Fit-Up Welding Shielding
Process Designation T1 T2 Root Opening (see 2.12.1) (see 2.12.1) Positions for FCAW Notes
T
SMAW TC-L1b 6 max U R = -----1- +2, –0 +2, –3 All — 1, 3, 6
2
GMAW Not
TC-L1-GF 10 max U R = 0 to 3 +2, –0 +2, –3 All 3, 6
FCAW required
SAW TC-L1-S 10 max U R=0 ±0 +2, –0 F — 3, 6
15
Reproduced with the permission of the American Welding Society (AWS), Miami, Florida - 09/15/2011
AASHTO/AWS D1.5M/D1.5:2002 DESIGN OF WELDED CONNECTIONS
Reproduced with the permission of the American Welding Society (AWS), Miami, Florida - 09/15/2011.
See Notes on Page 43
Single-bevel-groove weld (4) Tolerances
Butt joint (B)
As Detailed As Fit-Up
(see 2.12.1) (see 3.3.4)
R = +2, –0 +6, –2
a = +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
16
Reproduced with the permission of the American Welding Society (AWS), Miami, Florida - 09/15/2011
DESIGN OF WELDED CONNECTIONS AASHTO/AWS D1.5M/D1.5:2002
Reproduced with the permission of the American Welding Society (AWS), Miami, Florida - 09/15/2011.
See Notes on Page 43
Single-bevel-groove
Single-bevel-groove weld (4)
Butt
(4) joint (B)
Butt joint (B)
Groove Preparation
Base Metal Thickness
(U = unlimited) Tolerances
Allowed Gas
Welding Joint As Detailed As Fit-Up Welding Shielding
Process Designation T1 T2 Root Opening (see 2.12.1) (see 3.3.4) Positions for FCAW Notes
1, 3, 9,
SMAW B-U4b U — R = 0 to 3 +2, –0 +2, –3 F, H —
13
f = 0 to 3 +2, –0 Not limited
GMAW = 45° +10°, –0° 10°, –5° Not
B-U4b-GF U — H 3, 9
FCAW required
Groove Preparation
Base Metal Thickness
(U = unlimited) Tolerances
Root Opening Allowed Gas
Welding Joint Root Face As Detailed As Fit-Up Welding Shielding
Process Designation T1 T2 Groove Angle (see 2.12.1) (see 3.3.4) Positions for FCAW Notes
1, 3, 6,
SMAW TC-U4b U U R = 0 to 3 +2, –0 +2, –3 All —
12
f = 0 to 3 +2, –0 Not limited
GMAW = 45° +10°, –0° 10°, –5° Not
TC-U4b-GF U U All 3, 6, 12
FCAW required
R=0 ±0 +6, –0
SAW TC-U4b-S U U f = 3 max +0, –3 ±2 F — 3, 6, 12
= 60° +10°, –0° 10°, –5°
17
Reproduced with the permission of the American Welding Society (AWS), Miami, Florida - 09/15/2011
AASHTO/AWS D1.5M/D1.5:2002 DESIGN OF WELDED CONNECTIONS
Reproduced with the permission of the American Welding Society (AWS), Miami, Florida - 09/15/2011.
See Notes on Page 43
Double-bevel-groove
Double-bevel-groove weld (5)
Butt
weldjoint
(5) (B)
Butt joint (B)
Groove Preparation
Base Metal Thickness
(U = unlimited) Tolerances
Root Opening Allowed Gas
Welding Joint Root Face As Detailed As Fit-Up Welding Shielding
Process Designation T1 T2 Groove Angle (see 2.12.1) (see 3.3.4) Positions for FCAW Notes
R = 0 to 3 +2, –0 +2, –3
f = 0 to 3 +2, –0 Not limited 1, 3, 7,
SMAW B-U5a U — F, H —
= 45° 9, 13
+ +10° + +10°
= 0° to 15° –0° –5°
R = 0 to 3 +2, –0 +2, –3
GMAW f = 0 to 3 +2, –0 Not limited Not
B-U5-GF U — H 3, 7, 9
FCAW = 45° + = + = required
= 0° to 15° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
Groove Preparation
Base Metal Thickness
(U = unlimited) Tolerances
Root Opening Allowed Gas
Welding Joint Root Face As Detailed As Fit-Up Welding Shielding
Process Designation T1 T2 Groove Angle (see 2.12.1) (see 3.3.4) Positions for FCAW Notes
1, 3, 6,
SMAW TC-U5b U U R = 0 to 3 +2, –0 +2, –3 All —
7, 12
f = 0 to 3 +2, –0 Not limited
GMAW = 45° +10°, –0° +10°, –5° Not 3, 6, 7,
TC-U5-GF U U All
FCAW required 12
R=0 ±0 +2, –0
3, 6, 7,
SAW TC-U5-S U U f = 5 max +0, –5 ±2 F —
12
= 60° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
18
Reproduced with the permission of the American Welding Society (AWS), Miami, Florida - 09/15/2011
DESIGN OF WELDED CONNECTIONS AASHTO/AWS D1.5M/D1.5:2002
Reproduced with the permission of the American Welding Society (AWS), Miami, Florida - 09/15/2011.
See Notes on Page 43
Single-U-groove weld (6) Tolerances
Butt joint (B)
Corner joint (C) As Detailed As Fit-Up
(see 2.12.1) (see 3.3.4)
R = +2, –0 +2, –3
= +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
f = ±2 Not Limited
r = +3, –0 +3, –0
19
Reproduced with the permission of the American Welding Society (AWS), Miami, Florida - 09/15/2011
AASHTO/AWS D1.5M/D1.5:2002 DESIGN OF WELDED CONNECTIONS
Reproduced with the permission of the American Welding Society (AWS), Miami, Florida - 09/15/2011.
See Notes on Page 43
Single-J-groove weld (8) Tolerances
Butt joint (B)
As Detailed As Fit-Up
(see 2.12.1) (see 3.3.4)
R = +2, –0 +2, –3
= +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
f = +2, –0 Not Limited
r = +6, –0 ±2
20
Reproduced with the permission of the American Welding Society (AWS), Miami, Florida - 09/15/2011
DESIGN OF WELDED CONNECTIONS AASHTO/AWS D1.5M/D1.5:2002
Reproduced with the permission of the American Welding Society (AWS), Miami, Florida - 09/15/2011.
See Notes on Page 43
Double-J-groove weld (9) Tolerances
Butt joint (B)
As Detailed As Fit-Up
(see 2.12.1) (see 3.3.4)
R = +2, –0 +2, –3
= +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
f = +2, –0 Not Limited
r = +3, –0 ±2
21
Reproduced with the permission of the American Welding Society (AWS), Miami, Florida - 09/15/2011
AASHTO/AWS D1.5M/D1.5:2002 DESIGN OF WELDED CONNECTIONS
Reproduced with the permission of the American Welding Society (AWS), Miami, Florida - 09/15/2011.
See Notes on Page 43
Square-groove weld (1)
Butt joint (B)
Corner joint (C)
Groove Preparation
Base Metal Thickness
(U = unlimited) Tolerances
Allowed Gas
Welding Joint As Detailed As Fit-Up Welding Shielding
Process Designation T1 T2 Root Opening (see 2.12.1) (see 3.3.4) Positions for FCAW Notes
B-L1a 1/4 max — R = T1 +1/16, –0 +1/4, –1/16 All — 1, 9
SMAW
C-L1a 1/4 max U R = T1 +1/16, –0 +1/4, –1/16 All — 1
FCAW Not
B-L1a-GF 3/8 max — R = T1 +1/16, –0 +1/4, –1/16 All 9
GMAW required
Groove Preparation
Base Metal Thickness
(U = unlimited) Tolerances
Allowed Gas
Welding Joint As Detailed As Fit-Up Welding Shielding
Process Designation T1 T2 Root Opening (see 2.12.1) (see 3.3.4) Positions for FCAW Notes
T
SMAW B-L1b 1/4 max — R = -----1- +1/16, –0 +1/16, –1/8 All — 1, 3, 9
2
GMAW Not
B-L1b-GF 3/8 max — R = 0 to 1/8 +1/16, –0 +1/16, –1/8 All 3, 9
FCAW required
SAW B-L1-S 3/8 max — R=0 ±0 +1/16, –0 F — 5, 9
SAW B-L1a-S 5/8 max — R=0 ±0 +1/16, –0 F — 3, 9
22
Reproduced with the permission of the American Welding Society (AWS), Miami, Florida - 09/15/2011
DESIGN OF WELDED CONNECTIONS AASHTO/AWS D1.5M/D1.5:2002
Reproduced with the permission of the American Welding Society (AWS), Miami, Florida - 09/15/2011.
See Notes on Page 43
Single-V-groove weld (2)
Corner joint (C)
Groove Preparation
Base Metal Thickness
(U = unlimited) Tolerances
Root Opening Allowed Gas
Welding Joint Root Face As Detailed As Fit-Up Welding Shielding
Process Designation T1 T2 Groove Angle (see 2.12.1) (see 3.3.4) Positions for FCAW Notes
R = 0 to 1/8 +1/16, –0 +1/16, –1/8
1, 3, 6,
SMAW C-U2 U U f = 0 to 1/8 +1/16, –0 Not limited All —
12
= 60° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
R = 0 to 1/8 +1/16, –0 +1/16, –1/8
GMAW Not
C-U2-GF U U f = 0 to 1/8 +1/16, –0 Not limited All 3, 6, 12
FCAW required
= 60° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
R=0 ±0 +1/16, –0
SAW C-U2b-S 1 min U f = 1/4 max +1/4, –0 ±1/16 F — 3, 6, 12
= 60° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
23
Reproduced with the permission of the American Welding Society (AWS), Miami, Florida - 09/15/2011
AASHTO/AWS D1.5M/D1.5:2002 DESIGN OF WELDED CONNECTIONS
Reproduced with the permission of the American Welding Society (AWS), Miami, Florida - 09/15/2011.
See Notes on Page 43
Single-V-groove weld (2) Tolerances
Corner joint (C)
As Detailed As Fit-Up
(see 2.12.1) (see 3.3.4)
R = +1/16, –0 +1/4, –1/16
a = +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
Groove Preparation
Base Metal Thickness
(U = unlimited) Tolerances
Root Opening Allowed Gas
Welding Joint Root Face As Detailed As Fit-Up Welding Shielding
Process Designation T1 T2 Groove Angle (see 2.12.1) (see 3.3.4) Positions for FCAW Notes
R = 0 to 1/8 +1/16, –0 +1/16, –1/8
SMAW B-U2 U — f = 0 to 1/8 +1/16, –0 Not limited All — 1, 3, 9
= 60° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
R = 0 to 1/8 +1/16, –0 +1/16, –1/8
GMAW Not
B-U2-GF U — f = 0 to 1/8 +1/16, –0 Not limited All 3, 9
FCAW required
= 60° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
R=0
Over 1/2
— f = 1/4 min
to 1
= 60°
R=0 R = ±0 +1/16, –0
Over 1
SAW B-L2c-S — f = 3/8 min f = +1/4, –0 Not limited F — 3, 9
to 1-1/2
= 60° = +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
R=0
Over 1-1/2
— f = 1/2 min
to 2
= 60°
24
Reproduced with the permission of the American Welding Society (AWS), Miami, Florida - 09/15/2011
DESIGN OF WELDED CONNECTIONS AASHTO/AWS D1.5M/D1.5:2002
Reproduced with the permission of the American Welding Society (AWS), Miami, Florida - 09/15/2011.
See Notes on Page 43
Square-groove weld (1)
T-joint (T)
Corner joint (C)
Groove Preparation
Base Metal Thickness
(U = unlimited) Tolerances
Allowed Gas
Welding Joint As Detailed As Fit-Up Welding Shielding
Process Designation T1 T2 Root Opening (see 2.12.1) (see 2.12.1) Positions for FCAW Notes
T
SMAW TC-L1b 1/4 max U R = -----1- +1/16, –0 +1/16, –1/8 All — 1, 3, 6
2
GMAW Not
TC-L1-GF 3/8 max U R = 0 to 1/8 +1/16, –0 +1/16, –1/8 All 3, 6
FCAW required
SAW TC-L1-S 3/8 max U R=0 ±0 +1/16, –0 F — 3, 6
25
Reproduced with the permission of the American Welding Society (AWS), Miami, Florida - 09/15/2011
AASHTO/AWS D1.5M/D1.5:2002 DESIGN OF WELDED CONNECTIONS
Reproduced with the permission of the American Welding Society (AWS), Miami, Florida - 09/15/2011.
See Notes on Page 43
Single-bevel-groove weld (4) Tolerances
Butt joint (B)
As Detailed As Fit-Up
(see 2.12.1) (see 3.3.4)
R = +1/16, –0 +1/4, –1/16
a = +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
26
Reproduced with the permission of the American Welding Society (AWS), Miami, Florida - 09/15/2011
DESIGN OF WELDED CONNECTIONS AASHTO/AWS D1.5M/D1.5:2002
Reproduced with the permission of the American Welding Society (AWS), Miami, Florida - 09/15/2011.
See Notes on Page 43
Single-bevel-groove
Single-bevel-groove weld (4)
Butt
(4) joint (B)
Butt joint (B)
Groove Preparation
Base Metal Thickness
(U = unlimited) Tolerances
Allowed Gas
Welding Joint As Detailed As Fit-Up Welding Shielding
Process Designation T1 T2 Root Opening (see 2.12.1) (see 3.3.4) Positions for FCAW Notes
1, 3, 9,
SMAW B-U4b U — R = 0 to 1/8 +1/16, –0 +1/16, –1/8 F, H —
13
f = 0 to 1/8 +1/16, –0 Not limited
GMAW = 45° +10°, –0° 10°, –5° Not
B-U4b-GF U — H 3, 9
FCAW required
Groove Preparation
Base Metal Thickness
(U = unlimited) Tolerances
Root Opening Allowed Gas
Welding Joint Root Face As Detailed As Fit-Up Welding Shielding
Process Designation T1 T2 Groove Angle (see 2.12.1) (see 3.3.4) Positions for FCAW Notes
1, 3, 6,
SMAW TC-U4b U U R = 0 to 1/8 +1/16, –0 +1/16, –1/8 All —
12
f = 0 to 1/8 +1/16, –0 Not limited
GMAW = 45° +10°, –0° 10°, –5° Not
TC-U4b-GF U U All 3, 6, 12
FCAW required
R=0 ±0 +1/4, –0
SAW TC-U4b-S U U f = 1/8 max +0, –1/8 ±1/16 F — 3, 6, 12
= 60° +10°, –0° 10°, –5°
27
Reproduced with the permission of the American Welding Society (AWS), Miami, Florida - 09/15/2011
AASHTO/AWS D1.5M/D1.5:2002 DESIGN OF WELDED CONNECTIONS
Reproduced with the permission of the American Welding Society (AWS), Miami, Florida - 09/15/2011.
See Notes on Page 43
Double-bevel-groove
Double-bevel-groove weld (5)
Butt
weldjoint
(5) (B)
Butt joint (B)
Groove Preparation
Base Metal Thickness
(U = unlimited) Tolerances
Root Opening Allowed Gas
Welding Joint Root Face As Detailed As Fit-Up Welding Shielding
Process Designation T1 T2 Groove Angle (see 2.12.1) (see 3.3.4) Positions for FCAW Notes
Double-bevel-groove
Double-bevel-groove weld (5)
T-joint
weld (5)(T)
Corner joint (C)
T-joint (T)
Corner joint (C)
Groove Preparation
Base Metal Thickness
(U = unlimited) Tolerances
Root Opening Allowed Gas
Welding Joint Root Face As Detailed As Fit-Up Welding Shielding
Process Designation T1 T2 Groove Angle (see 2.12.1) (see 3.3.4) Positions for FCAW Notes
1, 3, 6,
SMAW TC-U5b U U R = 0 to 1/8 +1/16, –0 +1/16, –1/8 All —
7, 12
f = 0 to 1/8 +1/16, –0 Not limited
GMAW = 45° +10°, –0° +10°, –5° Not 3, 6, 7,
TC-U5-GF U U All
FCAW required 12
R=0 ±0 +1/16, –0
3, 6, 7,
SAW TC-U5-S U U f = 3/16 max +0, –3/16 ±1/16 F —
12
= 60° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
28
Reproduced with the permission of the American Welding Society (AWS), Miami, Florida - 09/15/2011
DESIGN OF WELDED CONNECTIONS AASHTO/AWS D1.5M/D1.5:2002
Reproduced with the permission of the American Welding Society (AWS), Miami, Florida - 09/15/2011.
See Notes on Page 43
Single-U-groove weld (6) Tolerances
Butt joint (B)
Corner joint (C) As Detailed As Fit-Up
(see 2.12.1) (see 3.3.4)
R = +1/16, –0 +1/16, –1/8
= +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
f = ±1/16 Not Limited
r = +1/8, –0 +1/8, –0
29
Reproduced with the permission of the American Welding Society (AWS), Miami, Florida - 09/15/2011
AASHTO/AWS D1.5M/D1.5:2002 DESIGN OF WELDED CONNECTIONS
Reproduced with the permission of the American Welding Society (AWS), Miami, Florida - 09/15/2011.
See Notes on Page 43
Single-J-groove weld (8) Tolerances
Butt joint (B)
As Detailed As Fit-Up
(see 2.12.1) (see 3.3.4)
R = +1/16, –0 +1/16, –1/8
= +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
f = +1/16, –0 Not Limited
r = +1/4, –0 ±1/16
30
Reproduced with the permission of the American Welding Society (AWS), Miami, Florida - 09/15/2011
DESIGN OF WELDED CONNECTIONS AASHTO/AWS D1.5M/D1.5:2002
Reproduced with the permission of the American Welding Society (AWS), Miami, Florida - 09/15/2011.
See Notes on Page 43
Double-J-groove weld (9) Tolerances
Butt joint (B)
As Detailed As Fit-Up
(see 2.12.1) (see 3.3.4)
R = +1/16, –0 +1/16, –1/8
= +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
f = +1/16, –0 Not Limited
r = +1/8, –0 ±1/16
31
Reproduced with the permission of the American Welding Society (AWS), Miami, Florida - 09/15/2011
AASHTO/AWS D1.5M/D1.5:2002 DESIGN OF WELDED CONNECTIONS
Reproduced with the permission of the American Welding Society (AWS), Miami, Florida - 09/15/2011.
See Notes on Page 43
Square-groove weld (1)
Butt joint (B)
Groove Preparation
Base Metal Thickness
(U = unlimited) Tolerances
Allowed
Welding Joint As Detailed As Fit-Up Welding Weld Size
Process Designation T1 T2 Root Opening (see 2.13.1) (see 3.3.4) Positions (E) Notes
B-P1a 3 max — R = 0 to 2 +2, –0 ±2 All T1 – 1 1, 2
SMAW T T1
B-P1c 6 max — R = -----1- min +2, –0 ±2 All ------ 1, 2
2 2
3T
E1 + E2 MUST NOT EXCEED ---------1
4
Groove Preparation
Base Metal Thickness
(U = unlimited) Tolerances
Allowed Total
Welding Joint As Detailed As Fit-Up Welding Weld Size
Process Designation T1 T2 Root Opening (see 2.13.1) (see 3.3.4) Positions (E1 + E2) Notes
T 3T1
SMAW B-P1b 6 max — R = -----1- +2, –0 ±2 All ---------- 1
2 4
32
Reproduced with the permission of the American Welding Society (AWS), Miami, Florida - 09/15/2011
DESIGN OF WELDED CONNECTIONS AASHTO/AWS D1.5M/D1.5:2002
Reproduced with the permission of the American Welding Society (AWS), Miami, Florida - 09/15/2011.
See Notes on Page 43
Single-V-groove weld (2)
Corner joint (C)
Groove Preparation
Base Metal Thickness
(U = unlimited) Tolerances
Root Opening Allowed
Welding Joint Root Face As Detailed As Fit-Up Welding Weld Size
Process Designation T1 T2 Groove Angle (see 2.13.1) (see 3.3.4) Positions (E) Notes
R=0 +2, –0 +3, –2
1, 2, 4,
SMAW C-P2 6 min U f = 1 min Unlimited ±2 All S
11
= 60° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
R=0 +2, –0 +3, –2
GMAW
C-P2-GF 6 min U f = 3 min Unlimited ±2 All S 2, 4, 11
FCAW
= 60° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
R=0 ±0 +2, –0‡
SAW C-P2-S 11 min U f = 6 min Unlimited ±2 F S 2, 4, 11
= 60° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
‡Fit-up tolerance, see 3.3.2, for rolled shapes R may be 8 mm in thick plates if backing is provided.
Groove Preparation
Base Metal Thickness
(U = unlimited) Tolerances
Root Opening Allowed Total
Welding Joint Root Face As Detailed As Fit-Up Welding Weld Size
Process Designation T1 T2 Groove Angle (see 2.13.1) (see 3.3.4) Positions (E1 + E2) Notes
R=0 +2, –0 +3, –2
1, 4, 8,
SMAW B-P3 12 min — f = 3 min Unlimited ±2 All S 1 + S2
11
= 60° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
R=0 +2, –0 +3, –2
GMAW
B-P3-GF 12 min — f = 3 min Unlimited ±2 All S1 + S 2 4, 8, 11
FCAW
= 60° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
R=0 ±0 +2, –0
SAW B-P3-S 20 min — f = 6 min Unlimited ±2 F S1 + S 2 4, 8, 11
= 60° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
33
Reproduced with the permission of the American Welding Society (AWS), Miami, Florida - 09/15/2011
AASHTO/AWS D1.5M/D1.5:2002 DESIGN OF WELDED CONNECTIONS
Reproduced with the permission of the American Welding Society (AWS), Miami, Florida - 09/15/2011.
See Notes on Page 43
Single-bevel-groove (4)
T-joint (T)
Corner joint (C)
Groove Preparation
Base Metal Thickness
(U = unlimited) Tolerances
Root Opening Allowed
Welding Joint Root Face As Detailed As Fit-Up Welding Weld Size
Process Designation T1 T2 Groove Angle (see 2.13.1) (see 3.3.4) Positions (E) Notes
R=0 +2, –0 +3, –2
1, 2, 4,
SMAW TC-P4 U U f = 3 min Unlimited ±2 All S–3
6, 11
= 45° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
R=0 +2, –0 +3, –2
GMAW 2, 4, 6,
TC-P4-GF 6 min U f = 3 min Unlimited ±2 All S–3
FCAW 11
= 45° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
R=0 ±0 +2, –0‡ 2, 4, 6,
SAW TC-P4-S 11 min U f = 6 min Unlimited ±2 F S
11
= 60° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
‡Fit-up tolerance, see 3.3.2, for rolled shapes R may be 8 mm in thick plates if backing is provided.
Groove Preparation
Base Metal Thickness
(U = unlimited) Tolerances
Root Opening Allowed Total
Welding Joint Root Face As Detailed As Fit-Up Welding Weld Size
Process Designation T1 T2 Groove Angle (see 2.13.1) (see 3.3.4) Positions (E1 + E2) Notes
R=0 +2, –0 +3, –2
(S1 + S2) 1, 4, 6,
SMAW TC-P5 8 min U f = 3 min Unlimited ±2 All
–6 8, 11
= 45° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
R=0 +2, –0 +3, –2
GMAW (S1 + S2) 4, 6, 8,
TC-P5-GF 12 min U f = 3 min Unlimited ±2 All
FCAW –6 11
= 45° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
R=0 ±0 +2, –0
4, 6, 8,
SAW TC-P5-S 20 min U f = 6 min Unlimited ±2 F S1 + S 2
11
= 60° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
‡Fit-up tolerance, see 3.3.2, for rolled shapes R may be 8 mm in thick plates if backing is provided.
34
Reproduced with the permission of the American Welding Society (AWS), Miami, Florida - 09/15/2011
DESIGN OF WELDED CONNECTIONS AASHTO/AWS D1.5M/D1.5:2002
Reproduced with the permission of the American Welding Society (AWS), Miami, Florida - 09/15/2011.
See Notes on Page 43
Single-U-groove weld (6)
Corner joint (C)
Groove Preparation
Base Metal Thickness
(U = unlimited) Root Opening Tolerances
Root Face Allowed
Welding Joint Groove Radius As Detailed As Fit-Up Welding Weld Size
Process Designation T1 T2 Groove Angle (see 2.13.1) (see 3.3.4) Positions (E) Notes
R=0 +2, –0 +3, –2
f = 1 min +U, –0 ±2 1, 2, 4,
SMAW C-P6 6 min U All S
r=6 +6, –0 ±2 11
= 45° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
R=0 +2, –0 +3, –2
GMAW f = 3 min +U, –0 ±2
C-P6-GF 6 min U All S 2, 4, 11
FCAW r=6 +6, –0 ±2
= 20° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
R=0 ±0 +2, –0‡
f = 6 min +U, –0 ±2
SAW C-P6-S 11 min U F S 2, 4, 11
r=6 +6, –0 ±2
= 20° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
‡Fit-up tolerance, see 3.3.2, for rolled shapes R may be 8 mm in thick plates if backing is provided.
35
Reproduced with the permission of the American Welding Society (AWS), Miami, Florida - 09/15/2011
AASHTO/AWS D1.5M/D1.5:2002 DESIGN OF WELDED CONNECTIONS
Reproduced with the permission of the American Welding Society (AWS), Miami, Florida - 09/15/2011.
See Notes on Page 43
Single-J-groove weld (8)
T-joint (T)
Corner joint (C)
Groove Preparation
Base Metal Thickness
(U = unlimited) Root Opening Tolerances
Root Face Allowed
Welding Joint Groove Radius As Detailed As Fit-Up Welding Weld Size
Process Designation T1 T2 Groove Angle (see 2.13.1) (see 3.3.4) Positions (E) Notes
R=0 +2, –0 +3, –2
f = 3 min Not limited ±2 1, 4, 6,
SMAW TC-P8 6 min U All S
r = 10 +6, –0 ±2 11
= 45° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
R=0 +2, –0 +3, –2
f = 3 min Not limited ±2 1, 4, 6,
SMAW C-P8* 6 min U All S
r = 10 +6, –0 ±2 11
= 30° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
R=0 +2, –0 +3, –2
GMAW f = 3 min Not limited ±2
TC-P8-GF 6 min U All S 4, 6, 11
FCAW r = 10 +6, –0 ±2
= 45° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
R=0 +2, –0 +3, –2
GMAW f = 3 min Not limited ±2
C-P8-GF* 6 min U All S 4, 6, 11
FCAW r = 10 +6, –0 ±2
= 30° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
R=0 ±0 +2, –0‡
f = 6 min Not limited ±2
SAW TC-P8-S 11 min U F S 4, 6, 11
r = 12 +6, –0 ±2
= 45° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
R=0 ±0 +2, –0‡
f = 6 min Not limited ±2
SAW C-P8-S* 11 min U F S 4, 6, 11
r = 12 +6, –0 ±2
= 30° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
‡Fit-uptolerance, see 3.3.2, for rolled shapes R may be 8 mm in thick plates if backing is provided.
*Applies to outside corner joints.
36
Reproduced with the permission of the American Welding Society (AWS), Miami, Florida - 09/15/2011
DESIGN OF WELDED CONNECTIONS AASHTO/AWS D1.5M/D1.5:2002
Reproduced with the permission of the American Welding Society (AWS), Miami, Florida - 09/15/2011.
See Notes on Page 43
Double-J-groove weld (9)
T-joint (T)
Corner joint (C)
Groove Preparation
Base Metal Thickness
(U = unlimited) Root Opening Tolerances
Root Face Allowed Total
Welding Joint Groove Radius As Detailed As Fit-Up Welding Weld Size
Process Designation T1 T2 Groove Angle (see 2.13.1) (see 3.3.4) Positions (E1 + E2) Notes
R=0 +2, –0 +3, –2
f = 3 min –0 ±2 1, 4, 6,
SMAW TC-P9 12 min U All S 1 + S2
r = 10 +6, –0 ±2 8, 11
= 45° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
R=0 +2, –0 +3, –2
GMAW f = 3 min Not limited ±2 4, 6, 8,
TC-P9-GF* 12 min U All S1 + S 2
FCAW r = 10 +6, –0 ±2 11
= 30° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
R=0 ±0 +2, –0
f = 6 min Not limited ±2 S 1 + S2 4, 6, 8,
SAW C-P9-S 20 min U F
r = 12 +6, –0 ±2 11
= 45° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
R=0 ±0 +2, –0‡
f = 6 min Not limited ±2 4, 6, 8,
SAW C-P9-S* 20 min U F S1 + S 2
r = 12 +6, –0 ±2 11
= 20° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
R=0 ±0 +2, –0‡
f = 6 min Not limited ±2 4, 6, 8,
SAW T-P9-S 20 min U F S1 + S 2
r = 12 +6, –0 ±2 11
= 45° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
‡Fit-uptolerance, see 3.3.2, for rolled shapes R may be 8 mm in thick plates if backing is provided.
*Applies to outside corner joints.
37
Reproduced with the permission of the American Welding Society (AWS), Miami, Florida - 09/15/2011
AASHTO/AWS D1.5M/D1.5:2002 DESIGN OF WELDED CONNECTIONS
Reproduced with the permission of the American Welding Society (AWS), Miami, Florida - 09/15/2011.
See Notes on Page 43
Square-groove weld (1)
Butt joint (B)
Groove Preparation
Base Metal Thickness
(U = unlimited) Tolerances
Allowed
Welding Joint As Detailed As Fit-Up Welding Weld Size
Process Designation T1 T2 Root Opening (see 2.13.1) (see 3.3.4) Positions (E) Notes
B-P1a 1/8 max — R = 0 to 1/16 +1/16, –0 ±1/16 All T1 – 1/32 1, 2
SMAW T T1
B-P1c 1/4 max — R = -----1- min +1/16, –0 ±1/16 All ------ 1, 2
2 2
3T
E1 + E2 MUST NOT EXCEED ---------1
4
Groove Preparation
Base Metal Thickness
(U = unlimited) Tolerances
Allowed Total
Welding Joint As Detailed As Fit-Up Welding Weld Size
Process Designation T1 T2 Root Opening (see 2.13.1) (see 3.3.4) Positions (E1 + E2) Notes
T ±1/16 3T1
SMAW B-P1b 1/4 max — R = -----1- +1/16, –0 All ---------- 1
2 4
38
Reproduced with the permission of the American Welding Society (AWS), Miami, Florida - 09/15/2011
DESIGN OF WELDED CONNECTIONS AASHTO/AWS D1.5M/D1.5:2002
Reproduced with the permission of the American Welding Society (AWS), Miami, Florida - 09/15/2011.
See Notes on Page 43
Single-V-groove weld (2)
Corner joint (C)
Groove Preparation
Base Metal Thickness
(U = unlimited) Tolerances
Root Opening Allowed
Welding Joint Root Face As Detailed As Fit-Up Welding Weld Size
Process Designation T1 T2 Groove Angle (see 2.13.1) (see 3.3.4) Positions (E) Notes
R=0 +1/16, –0 +1/8, –1/16
1, 2, 4,
SMAW C-P2 1/4 min U f = 1/32 min Unlimited ±1/16 All S
11
= 60° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
R=0 +1/16, –0 +1/8, –1/16
GMAW
C-P2-GF 1/4 min U f = 1/8 min Unlimited ±1/16 All S 2, 4, 11
FCAW
= 60° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
R=0 ±0 +1/16, –0‡
SAW C-P2-S 7/16 min U f = 1/4 min Unlimited ±1/16 F S 2, 4, 11
= 60° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
‡Fit-up tolerance, see 3.3.2, for rolled shapes R may be 5/16 in. in thick plates if backing is provided.
Groove Preparation
Base Metal Thickness
(U = unlimited) Tolerances
Root Opening Allowed Total
Welding Joint Root Face As Detailed As Fit-Up Welding Weld Size
Process Designation T1 T2 Groove Angle (see 2.13.1) (see 3.3.4) Positions (E1 + E2) Notes
R=0 +1/16, –0 +1/8, –1/16
1, 4, 8,
SMAW B-P3 1/2 min — f = 1/8 min Unlimited ±1/16 All S 1 + S2
11
= 60° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
R=0 +1/16, –0 +1/8, –1/16
GMAW
B-P3-GF 1/2 min — f = 1/8 min Unlimited ±1/16 All S1 + S 2 4, 8, 11
FCAW
= 60° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
R=0 ±0 +1/16, –0
SAW B-P3-S 3/4 min — f = 1/4 min Unlimited ±1/16 F S1 + S 2 4, 8, 11
= 60° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
39
Reproduced with the permission of the American Welding Society (AWS), Miami, Florida - 09/15/2011
AASHTO/AWS D1.5M/D1.5:2002 DESIGN OF WELDED CONNECTIONS
Reproduced with the permission of the American Welding Society (AWS), Miami, Florida - 09/15/2011.
See Notes on Page 43
Single-bevel-groove (4)
T-joint (T)
Corner joint (C)
Groove Preparation
Base Metal Thickness
(U = unlimited) Tolerances
Root Opening Allowed
Welding Joint Root Face As Detailed As Fit-Up Welding Weld Size
Process Designation T1 T2 Groove Angle (see 2.13.1) (see 3.3.4) Positions (E) Notes
R=0 +1/16, –0 +1/8, –1/16
1, 2, 4,
SMAW TC-P4 U U f = 1/8 min Unlimited ±1/16 All S–1/8
6, 11
= 45° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
R=0 +1/16, –0 +1/8, –1/16
GMAW 2, 4, 6,
TC-P4-GF 1/4 min U f = 1/8 min Unlimited ±1/16 All S–1/8
FCAW 11
= 45° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
R=0 ±0 +1/16, –0‡ 2, 4, 6,
SAW TC-P4-S 7/16 min U f = 1/4 min Unlimited ±1/16 F S
11
= 60° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
‡Fit-up tolerance, see 3.3.2, for rolled shapes R may be 5/16 in. in thick plates if backing is provided.
Groove Preparation
Base Metal Thickness
(U = unlimited) Tolerances
Root Opening Allowed Total
Welding Joint Root Face As Detailed As Fit-Up Welding Weld Size
Process Designation T1 T2 Groove Angle (see 2.13.1) (see 3.3.4) Positions (E1 + E2) Notes
R=0 +1/16, –0 +1/8, –1/16
(S1 + S2) 1, 4, 6,
SMAW TC-P5 5/16 min U f = 1/8 min Unlimited ±1/16 All
–1/4 8, 11
= 45° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
R=0 +1/16, –0 +1/8, –1/16
GMAW (S1 + S2) 4, 6, 8,
TC-P5-GF 1/2 min U f = 1/8 min Unlimited ±1/16 All
FCAW –1/4 11
= 45° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
R=0 ±0 +1/16, –0
4, 6, 8,
SAW TC-P5-S 3/4 min U f = 1/4 min Unlimited ±1/16 F S1 + S 2
11
= 60° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
‡Fit-up tolerance, see 3.3.2, for rolled shapes R may be 5/16 in. in thick plates if backing is provided.
40
Reproduced with the permission of the American Welding Society (AWS), Miami, Florida - 09/15/2011
DESIGN OF WELDED CONNECTIONS AASHTO/AWS D1.5M/D1.5:2002
Reproduced with the permission of the American Welding Society (AWS), Miami, Florida - 09/15/2011.
See Notes on Page 43
Single-U-groove weld (6)
Corner joint (C)
Groove Preparation
Base Metal Thickness
(U = unlimited) Root Opening Tolerances
Root Face Allowed
Welding Joint Groove Radius As Detailed As Fit-Up Welding Weld Size
Process Designation T1 T2 Groove Angle (see 2.13.1) (see 3.3.4) Positions (E) Notes
R=0 +1/16, –0 +1/8, –1/16
f = 1/32 min +U, –0 ±1/16 1, 2, 4,
SMAW C-P6 1/4 min U All S
r = 1/4 +1/4, –0 ±1/16 11
= 45° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
R=0 +1/16, –0 +1/8, –1/16
GMAW f = 1/8 min +U, –0 ±1/16
C-P6-GF 1/4 min U All S 2, 4, 11
FCAW r = 1/4 +1/4, –0 ±1/16
= 20° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
R=0 ±0 +1/16, –0‡
f = 1/4 min +U, –0 ±1/16
SAW C-P6-S 7/16 min U F S 2, 4, 11
r = 1/4 +1/4, –0 ±1/16
= 20° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
‡Fit-up tolerance, see 3.3.2, for rolled shapes R may be 5/16 in. in thick plates if backing is provided.
41
Reproduced with the permission of the American Welding Society (AWS), Miami, Florida - 09/15/2011
AASHTO/AWS D1.5M/D1.5:2002 DESIGN OF WELDED CONNECTIONS
Reproduced with the permission of the American Welding Society (AWS), Miami, Florida - 09/15/2011.
See Notes on Page 43
Single-J-groove weld (8)
T-joint (T)
Corner joint (C)
Groove Preparation
Base Metal Thickness
(U = unlimited) Root Opening Tolerances
Root Face Allowed
Welding Joint Groove Radius As Detailed As Fit-Up Welding Weld Size
Process Designation T1 T2 Groove Angle (see 2.13.1) (see 3.3.4) Positions (E) Notes
R=0 +1/16, –0 +1/8, –1/16
f = 1/8 min Not limited ±1/16 1, 4, 6,
SMAW TC-P8 1/4 min U All S
r = 3/8 +1/4, –0 ±1/16 11
= 45° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
R=0 +1/16, –0 +1/8, –1/16
f = 1/8 min Not limited ±1/16 1, 4, 6,
SMAW C-P8* 1/4 min U All S
r = 3/8 +1/4, –0 ±1/16 11
= 30° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
R=0 +1/16, –0 +1/8, –1/16
GMAW f = 1/8 min Not limited ±1/16
TC-P8-GF 1/4 min U All S 4, 6, 11
FCAW r = 3/8 +1/4, –0 ±1/16
= 45° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
R=0 +1/16, –0 +1/8, –1/16
GMAW f = 1/8 min Not limited ±1/16
C-P8-GF* 1/4 min U All S 4, 6, 11
FCAW r = 3/8 +1/4, –0 ±1/16
= 30° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
R=0 ±0 +1/16, –0‡
f = 1/4 min Not limited ±1/16
SAW TC-P8-S 7/16 min U F S 4, 6, 11
r = 1/2 +1/4, –0 ±1/16
= 45° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
R=0 ±0 +1/16, –0‡
f = 1/4 min Not limited ±1/16
SAW C-P8-S* 7/16 min U F S 4, 6, 11
r = 1/2 +1/4, –0 ±1/16
= 30° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
‡Fit-uptolerance, see 3.3.2, for rolled shapes R may be 5/16 in. in thick plates if backing is provided.
*Applies to outside corner joints.
42
Reproduced with the permission of the American Welding Society (AWS), Miami, Florida - 09/15/2011
DESIGN OF WELDED CONNECTIONS AASHTO/AWS D1.5M/D1.5:2002
Reproduced with the permission of the American Welding Society (AWS), Miami, Florida - 09/15/2011.
See Notes on Page 43
Double-J-groove weld (9)
T-joint (T)
Corner joint (C)
Groove Preparation
Base Metal Thickness
(U = unlimited) Root Opening Tolerances
Root Face Allowed Total
Welding Joint Groove Radius As Detailed As Fit-Up Welding Weld Size
Process Designation T1 T2 Groove Angle (see 2.13.1) (see 3.3.4) Positions (E1 + E2) Notes
R=0 +1/16, –0 +1/8, –1/16
f = 1/8 min –0 ±1/16 1, 4, 6,
SMAW TC-P9 1/2 min U All S 1 + S2
r = 3/8 +1/4, –0 ±1/16 8, 11
= 45° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
R=0 +1/16, –0 +1/8, –1/16
GMAW f = 1/8 min Not limited ±1/16 4, 6, 8,
TC-P9-GF* 1/2 min U All S1 + S 2
FCAW r = 3/8 +1/4, –0 ±1/16 11
= 30° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
R=0 ±0 +1/16, –0
f = 1/4 min Not limited ±1/16 S1 + S 2 4, 6, 8,
SAW C-P9-S 3/4 min U F
r = 1/2 +1/4, –0 ±1/16 11
= 45° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
R=0 ±0 +1/16, –0‡
f = 1/4 min Not limited ±1/16 4, 6, 8,
SAW C-P9-S* 3/4 min U F S1 + S 2
r = 1/2 +1/4, –0 ±1/16 11
= 20° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
R=0 ±0 +1/16, –0‡
f = 1/4 min Not limited ±1/16 4, 6, 8,
SAW T-P9-S 3/4 min U F S1 + S 2
r = 1/2 +1/4, –0 ±1/16 11
= 45° +10°, –0° +10°, –5°
‡Fit-uptolerance, see 3.3.2, for rolled shapes R may be 5/16 in. in thick plates if backing is provided.
*Applies to outside corner joints.
43
Reproduced with the permission of the American Welding Society (AWS), Miami, Florida - 09/15/2011