COMPETENCY BASED LEARNING MATERIAL Massa

COMPETENCY BASED LEARNING MATERIAL
Sector:
Qualification:
Unit of Competency: PARTICIPATE IN WORKPLACE COMMUNICATION
Module Title:
PARTICIPATING IN WORKPLACE COMMUNICATION
Sector: HEALTH, SOCIAL AND OTHER COMMUNITY

DEVELOPMENT SERVICES SECTOR
Qualification: MASSAGE THERAPY NCII

Unit of Competency: PRACTICE OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND
SAFETY PROCEDURES
Module Title: PRACTICING OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND

SAFETY PROCEDURES
HOW TO USE THIS
COMPETENCY BASED LEARNING MODULE
Welcome to the Module PRACTICING OCCUPATIONAL

HEALTH AND SAFETY PROCEDURES. This module contains training
materials and activities for you to complete.
The unit of competency PRACTICE OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH
AND SAFETY PROCEDURES contains the knowledge and skills and
attitudes required for environmental protection. It is one of the
specialized modules at National Certificate level II (NC II).
You are required to go through a series of learning activities in
order to complete each learning outcomes of the module. In each
learning outcome there are Information Sheets to help you better
understand the required activities. Follow these activities on your own
and answer the self –check at the end of each learning outcome. You
may remove a blank answer sheet at the end of each module (or get
from your facilitator/ trainer) to write your answers for each self-
check. If you have questions, don’t hesitate to ask your facilitator for
assistance.
Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL)
You may already have some or most of the knowledge and skills covered
in this module because you have:
 Been working in the same industry for some time.
 Already completed training in this area.
If you can demonstrate to your trainer that you are competent in a

particular skill or skills, talk to him/her about having them formally
recognized so you won’t have to do the same training again. If you have
qualifications or Certificates of Competency from previous trainings, show
them to your trainer. If the skills you acquired are still relevant to this
module, they may become part of the evidence you can present for RPL.
A Trainee Record Book (TRB) is given to you to record important dates, jobs
undertaken and other workplace events that will assist you in providing
further details to your trainer/assessor. A Record of Achievement/Progress Chart
is also provided to your trainer to complete/accomplish once you have
completed the module. This will show your own progress.
DIRECTION FOR USE OF THE CBLM
This module was prepared to help you achieve the required

competency: Practicing Occupational Health and Safety Procedures.
This will be the source of information for you to acquire the knowledge and
skills in this particular module with minimum supervision or help from your
trainer. With the aid of this material, you will acquire the competency
independently and at your own pace.
Talk to your trainer and agree on how you will both organize the
training of this unit. Read through the module carefully. It is divided into
sections which covers all the skills and knowledge you need to successfully
complete in this module.
Work through all the information sheets and complete the activities in
each section. Do what is asked in the INSTRUCTIONAL SHEETS and
complete the SELF-CHECK. Suggested references are included to
supplement the materials provided in this module.
Most probably, your trainer will also be your supervisor or manager.
He/she is there to support you and show you the correct way to do things.
Ask for help.
Your trainer will tell you about the important things you need to
consider when you are completing activities and it is important that you
listen and take notes.
Talk to more experienced workmates and ask for their guidance.
Use the self-check questions at the end of each section to test your
own progress.
When you are ready, ask your trainer to watch you perform the
activities outlined in the module.
As you work through the activities, ask for written feedback on your
progress. Your trainer gives feedback/pre-assessment reports for this
reason. When you have successfully completed each element or learning
outcome, ask your trainer to mark on the reports that you are ready for
assessment.
When you have completed this module and feel confident that you
have had sufficient practice, your trainer will schedule you for the
MASSAGE THERAPY NCII Date Developed: Document No.

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OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND
SAFETY PROCEDURE
institutional assessment. The result of your assessment/evaluation will be
recorded in your COMPETENCY ACHIEVEMENT RECORD.

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LISTS OF BASIC COMPETENCIES
Competency Unit of Competency Module Title Code

Number
1 Participate in Workplace Participating in 500311105
Communication workplace
communication
2 Work in Team Working in team 500311106
Environment environment
3 Practice Career Practicing Career 500311107
Professionalism Professionalism
Practice Practicing 500311108
Occupational Health occupational
4 and Safety health and
Procedures safety
procedures

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MODULE CONTENT
UNIT OF COMPETENCY: PRACTICE OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

AND SAFETY PROCEDURES
MODULE TITLE : PRACTICING OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

INTRODUCTION:
This module covers the knowledge, skills and attitudes required to

comply with the regulatory and organizational requirements for
occupational health and safety such as identifying, evaluating and
maintaining occupational health and safety (OHS) awareness.
NOMINAL DURATION :
LEARNING OUTOMES :
At the end of the module, the trainee must be able to:
1. Identify hazards and risks.

2. Evaluate hazards and risks
3. Control Hazards and Risks
4. Maintain Occupational Health and Safety Procedure

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Assessment Criteria:
1. Workplace hazards and risks are identified and clearly

explained
2. Hazards/Risks and its corresponding indicators are identified
with the company procedures
3. Contingency measures are recognized and established in
accordance with organizational procedures
4. Terms of maximum tolerable limits are identified based on
threshold limit values (TLV)
5. Effects of hazards are determined
6. OHS issues and concerns are identified in accordance with
workplace requirements and relevant workplace OHS legislation
7. OHS procedures for controlling hazards and risks are strictly
followed
8. Procedures in dealing with workplace accidents, fire and
emergencies are followed in accordance with the organization’s
OHS policies
9. Personal protective equipment is correctly used in accordance
with organization’s OHS procedures and practices
10. Procedures in providing appropriate assistance in the event of
workplace emergencies are identified in line with the established
organizational protocol
11. Procedures in emergency related drill are strictly followed in line
with the established organization guidelines and procedures
12. OHS personal records are filled out in accordance with
workplace requirements
13. PPe are maintained in line with organization guidelines and
procedures.

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LEARNING OUTCOME 1
OBTAIN AND CONVEY WORKPLACE INFORMATION
CONTENTS:
 Hazards and risks identification and control

 Organizational safety and health protocol
 Threshold limit value (TLV)
 OHS Indicators
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:
1. Workplace hazards and risks are identified and clearly explained
2. Hazards/ Risks and its corresponding indicators are identified in

with the company procedures.
3. Contingency measures are recognized and established in

accordance with organizational procedures.
CONDITIONS:
The students/ trainees must be provided with the following:
 Writing materials (pen & paper)

 Reference (books)
 Manuals
METHODOLOGIES:
 Group discussion
 Interaction
 Lecture
ASSESSMENT METHODS
 Written Test
 Practical/Performance Test
 Interview
LEARNING EXPERIENCES

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LEARNING OUTCOME 1 IDENTIFY HAZARDS AND RISKS
Learning Activities Special Instructions

1. Read information sheet 4.1-1 If you have some problem on the
content of the information sheet
Hazards and Risk don’t hesitate to approach your
Identification and Control facilitator.
If you feel that you are now
knowledgeable on the content of
the information sheet, you can now
answer self-check provided in the
module
2. Answer self-check 4.1-1 Refer your answer to answer key
1.1-1
3. Read information sheet 4.1-2 If you have some problem on the
Organizational safety and Health content of the information sheet
Protocol don’t hesitate to approach your
facilitator.
module.
4.1-2
5. Read Information sheet 4.1-3 on If you have some problem on the

Threshold Limit Value (TLV) content of the information sheet
don’t hesitate to approach your
facilitator.
module.
4.1-3
7. Read Information sheet 4.1-4 on If you have some problem on the
Occupational Health and content of the information sheet
Safety Indicators don’t hesitate to approach your

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facilitator.
module.
4.1-4

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INFORMATIONS SHEET No. 4.1-1
Hazards and Risks Identification and Control
Learning Objective:
After reading the information sheet, you should be able to:

1. Identify safety regulations in the workplace.
2. Define hazard.
3. Differentiate the different types and methods of hazards.
Hazard Identification
The first step in reducing the likelihood of an accident is hazard

identification. Hazard identification is identifying all situations or events
that could cause injury or illness. Eliminating or minimizing workplace
hazards needs a systematic approach. It is essential to try and anticipate all
possible hazards at the workplace - known as the `what if?' approach.
Hazards Defined
A hazard is a source or potential source of human injury, ill health or

disease. Anything which might cause injury or ill health to anyone at or near
a workplace is a hazard. While some hazards are fairly obvious and easy to
identify, others are not - for example exposure to noise, chemicals or
radiation.

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Types of Hazards
Hazards are classified into five different types:
• physical - includes floors, stairs, work platforms, steps, ladders, fire,

falling objects, slippery surfaces, manual handling (lifting, pushing,
pulling), excessively loud and prolonged noise, vibration, heat and cold,
radiation, poor lighting, ventilation, air quality
• mechanical and/or electrical - includes electricity, machinery,

equipment, pressure vessels, dangerous goods, fork lifts, cranes, hoists
• chemical - includes chemical substances such as acids or poisons and

those that could lead to fire or explosion, cleaning agents, dusts and fumes
from various processes such as welding
• biological - includes bacteria, viruses, mould, mildew, insects, vermin,

animals
• psychosocial environment - includes workplace stressors arising from a

variety of sources.
Note that some physical and chemical hazards can lead to fire, explosion and
other safety hazards.
Methods for Identifying Hazards
 injury and illness records - review your workers' compensation data

and check the incidence, mechanism and agency of injury, and the
cost to the organization. These statistics can be analyzed to alert the
organization to the presence of hazards
 staying informed on trends and developments in workplace health and
safety, for example via the internet or OHS publications
 reviewing the potential impact of new work practices or equipment
introduced into the workplace in line with legislative requirements
 doing walk-through surveys, inspections or safety audits in the
workplace to evaluate the organization’s health and safety system
 considering OHS implications when analyzing work processes
 investigating workplace incidents and `near hits' reports - in some
cases there may be more than one hazard contributing to an incident
 getting feedback from employees can often provide valuable
information about hazards, because they have hands-on experience in
their work area

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 consulting with employees, health and safety representatives and OHS
Committee members
 benchmarking against or liaising with similar workplaces.

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SELF – CHECK # 4.1-1
Direction: Choose the correct answer from the choices given.
1. Anything which may cause injury or ill.
a. hazard b. risk c. chemical d. illness
2. This hazard includes floors, stairs, work platforms, steps, ladders,

fire, falling objects, slippery surfaces, manual handling (lifting,
pushing, pulling), excessively loud and prolonged noise, vibration,
heat and cold, radiation, poor lighting, ventilation, air quality
a. Physical b. Mechanical/Electrical
c. Chemical d. Biological
3. This hazard includes electricity, machinery, equipment, pressure

vessels, dangerous goods, fork lifts, cranes, hoists
4. This hazard includes chemical substances such as acids or poisons

and those that could lead to fire or explosion, cleaning agents, dusts,
fibers, mists, gases, vapors and fumes from various processes such
as welding
5. This hazard includes bacteria, viruses, mold, mildew, insects,

vermin, animals, plants, parasites, mites and fungi.

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ANSWER KEY # 4.1-1
1. A
2. A
3. B
4. C
5. D

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INFORMATION SHEET 4.1-2
Organizational Safety and Health Protocol
Learning Objectives: After reading this information sheet, the student/

trainee should be able to;
1. Discuss safety protocols.
2. Demonstrate their commitment to ensure health and safety
measures in their workplace.
Organizational safety and Health Protocols

Internal Factors Impacting Workplace Health & Safety
Companies must ensure that employees are protected from safety and
health hazards.
The administration of an organization can pose health and safety risks if

the internal environment is not maintained and monitored appropriately by
a company. Business executives must adopt safety behaviors into their
leadership practices, since companies are charged with the task of ensuring
the health and safety of their staff. As such, organizations should examine
what steps they can take in order to protect employees from risks and
dangers.
1. Internal Factors
o The attitude a business has towards maintaining the health and

safety of its employees is an internal factor that employees rely on to

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be protected from dangers and threats in the workplace. According to
the U.S. Department of Labor Occupational Safety and Health
Administration (OSHA), employees have the right to feel safe while on
the job, and employers have the obligation to ensure their safety.
There are many ways that businesses can effectively manage the
health and safety of their employees.
Safety Councils
o Businesses can demonstrate their commitment to ensuring health and

safety measures by creating safety management councils. These
committees may be in charge of evaluating workplace conditions and
employee health risks, and then taking the proper measures to make
sure the office is well-equipped to deal with any threats. Safety
councils are often responsible for creating safety protocols and
performing safety drills.
Safety Protocols
o Developing safety protocols allows companies to keep written policies

and procedures about how to prevent hazards from occurring in the
workplace, as well as provide instructions on how to respond if
employees' health or safety are threatened. Safety protocols should be
easily accessible for anyone in the company to review.
Education
o Education is an effective way for businesses to maintain their

commitment to safety. By providing training modules to employees,
employers can educate staff on things like how to stay healthy during
flu season, how to prevent physical injuries on the job, how to keep
work areas sanitized and how to use protective equipment in the case
of emergencies.
Conducting Safety Drills
o Disaster drills are valuable because they teach people how to respond
in a time of urgency. Such exercises prepare people to coordinate
efforts and put their safety skills to work. Many businesses conduct
safety drills, such as fire or disaster drills, to keep employees on their
toes about how to respond in the case that their safety is in danger.
These sorts of exercises are important, so employers may gather
statistics, such as how long evacuations take, which can then be used
to determine more effective and efficient ways to keep employees safe.

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SELF-CHECK 4.1-2
Learn your mastery in Information Sheet 2 by answering the questions

below.
Test 1. Write TRUE if the statement is correct and write FALSE if the
statement is incorrect.
1. Establishing safety protocols for the workplace is another way

that companies can positively impact employee health and
safety
2. safety protocols allows companies to keep written policies and
procedures about how to prevent hazards from occurring in the
workplace, as well as provide instructions on how to respond if
employees' health or safety are threatened.
3. The administration of an organization cannot pose health and
safety risks if the internal environment is not maintained and
monitored appropriately by a company.
4. Companies must ensure that employees are protected from
safety and health hazards.
5. Education is an effective way for businesses to maintain their
commitment to safety
The trainee’s underpinning knowledge was
Satisfactory Not Satisfactory

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ANSWER KEY 4.1-2
1. True
2. True
3. False
4. True
5. True

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Threshold Limit Value

1. Prevent exposure to substances which could be hazardous to their

health.
2. Distinguish appropriate types of measurement that can affect the
health.
The key to preventing exposure to substances, which could be hazardous
to health, depends on the first two steps mentioned – recognition of the
hazard or potential hazard, and, evaluation of the extent of the hazard.
People in the workplace may encounter hazards from several sources. An
important means of evaluation is measurement to determine the extent of
the threat.
MEASUREMENT – WHICH TECHNIQUE
The health effects of exposure to toxic substances can be acute or

chronic. It will therefore be necessary to distinguish appropriate types of
measurement:
1. Long term measurements which access the average exposures of a
person over an extended time period.
2. Continuous measurements capable of detecting short-term exposures
to high concentrations of short-term exposure to high concentrations

of contaminants, which cause an acute exposure.

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3. Spot readings can be used to measure acute hazards if the exact point of
time of exposure is known and the measurement is taken at that time,

chronic hazards may be assessed if a significant number of
measurements are made.
SUMMARY OF MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES

For chronic hazards - continuous personal dose measurements,
continuous measurement of average background levels, spot readings of
contaminant levels at selected positions and times.

For acute hazards; – continuous personal monitoring with rapid response,
continuous background monitoring with response, spot readings of
background contaminant levels as selected positions and times.
For analysis of whether area is safe to enter: direct reading instruments.
Particle qualitative and quantitative analysis can be carried out by direct
reading measurements

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SELF-CHECK 4.1-3
Learn your mastery in Information Sheet 3 by answering the questions

below:
Test 1. Write TRUE if the statement is correct and write FALSE if the
1. The health effects of exposure to toxic substances can always

be acute.
2. People in the workplace may encounter hazards from several
sources.
3. Spot readings can be used to measure acute hazards if the
exact point of time of exposure is known and the measurement
is taken at that time,
4. Particle qualitative and quantitative analysis can be carried out
by direct reading measurements.
5. The key to prevent exposure to substances can always be
hazardous to our health.
The trainee’s underpinning knowledge was

Satisfactory Not Satisfactory

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ANSWER KEY 4.1-3
1. False
2. True
3. True
4. True
5. False

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Occupational Health and Safety Indicators
Learning objectives:

1. Know what is an occupational health and its indicators

2. Identify trends and patterns of work-related injury, illness, and death
Health and Safety Indicators
What is an occupational health and safety indicator?
An occupational health and safety indicator is a specific measure of a

work-related disease or injury, or a factor associated with occupational
health, such as workplace exposures, hazards, or interventions, in a
specified population. Indicators can be generated by states to track trends in
the occupational health status of the working population. Examples of
occupational health indicators include counting the number of work-related
deaths and work-related pesticide poisonings.
Why use occupational health and safety indicators?
 Measure baseline health of worker populations
 Identify trends and patterns of work-related injury, illness, and death
 Anticipate early problem areas that deserve attention

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 Reduce preventable workplace injuries
 Increase consistency and availability of occupational disease and injury

surveillance data
What occupational health indicators are generated?

Most state public health or labor departments calculate the 19 occupational
health indicators listed below. Depending on the type of industries and jobs
in a state and the availability of data, some states have developed additional
indicators to better measure worker health in their state. At the current
time,
Table 1. The 19 occupational health and safety indicators
Occupational Illnesses and Injuries Combined

Indicator 1: Non-fatal injuries and illnesses reported by employers
Indicator 2: Work-related hospitalizations
Acute and Cumulative Occupational Injuries

Indicator 3: Fatal work-related injuries
Indicator 4: Amputations reported by employers
Indicator 5: Amputations identified in state workers’ compensation
systems
Indicator 6: Hospitalizations for work-related burns
Indicator 7: Musculoskeletal disorders reported by employers
Indicator 8: Carpal tunnel syndrome cases identified in state workers’
compensation systems
Occupational Illnesses
Indicator 9: Pneumoconiosis hospitalizations

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Indicator 10: Pneumoconiosis mortality
Indicator 11: Acute work-related pesticide poisonings reported to
poison control centers
Indicator 12: Incidence of malignant mesothelioma
Occupational Exposures
Indicator 13: Elevated blood lead levels among adults
Occupational Hazards
Indicator 14: Workers employed in industries with high risk for
occupational morbidity
Indicator 15: Workers employed in occupations with high risk for
occupational morbidity
Indicator 16: Workers employed in industries and occupations with
high risk for occupational mortality
Intervention Resources for Occupational Health

Indicator 17: Occupational safety and health professionals
Indicator 18: Occupational safety and health administration (OSHA)
enforcement activities
Socioeconomic Impact of Occupational Illnesses and Injuries

Indicator 19: Workers’ compensation awards
Common health and safety indicators can be divided into two – frequency
rates and incidence rates. So what’s the difference?
A frequency rate is an expression of how many events happened over a

given period of time by a standardized number of hours worked. An
incidence rate is the number of events that happened over a given period
time by a standardized number of employees (usually lower than the
standardized number of hours).

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SELF-CHECK 4.1-4
IDENTIFICATION : Identify the following: Write your answer on the blank

provided before each number.
1. A specific measure of a work-related disease or injury, or a

factor associated with occupational health, such as workplace
exposures, hazards, or interventions, in a specified
population.
2. An expression of how many events happened over a given
period of time by a standardized number of hours worked.
3. The number of events that happened over a given period time
by a standardized number of employees (usually lower than
the standardized number of hours.

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ANSWER KEY 4.1-4
1. Occupational health and safety indicator

2. Frequency rate
3. Incidence rate

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LEARNING OUTCOME # 2 Evaluate Hazards and Risks
CONTENT:
 Phil OHS Standards

 Effects of hazards in the workplace
 Ergonomics
 Employees Compensation Commission (ECC) Regulation
1. Terms of maximum tolerable limits are identified based on threshold

limits values ( TLV)
2. Effects of hazards are determined.
3. OHS issues and concerns are identified in accordance with workplace
requirements and relevant workplace OHS legislation.
CONDITONS:
The students/ trainee must be provided with the following
 Handout on
- Phil. OHS Standards

- Effects of hazards in the workplace
- Ergonomics
- ECC regulations
 TLV Table
 CD’S VHS tapes, Transparencies
METHODOLOGIES
 Inter-active lecture, Simulation, Demonstration, self-paced instruction
ASSESSMENT METHODS:
 Written, Role playing, Interview

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LEARNING OUTCOME 2 – EVALUATE HAZARDS AND RISKS
Learning Activities Special Instruction

1. Read, analyze and understand If you have some problem on the
Information Sheet No.4.2-1 on content of the information sheet don’t
hesitate to approach your facilitator.
Occupational Health Safety If you feel that you are now knowledgeable on
Standards the content of the information sheet, you can
now answer self-check provided in the module.
2. Answer self-check 4.2-1 Refer your answer to answer key 4.2-1
3. Read Information sheet 4.2-2 If you have some problem on the
content of the information sheet don’t
On Effects of hazards in the hesitate to approach your facilitator.
workplace If you feel that you are now
knowledgeable on the content of the
information sheet, you can now answer
self-check provided in the module.
on Ergonomics content of the information sheet don’t
7. Read information sheet If you have some problem on the
4.2-4 on Employees hesitate to approach your facilitator.
Compensation Commission If you feel that you are now

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OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY STANDARDS
Learning objective:
After reading this information sheet, you must be able to:

know the main laws regarding health and safety in the workplace.
Main laws and regulations regarding health and safety in the workplace,
every employee and employer should be aware of are:
Manual handling operations in 1992

Substances Control Health Regulations 2002 (COSHH) (and Miscellaneous
Amendments)
4.2
The Health and Safety at Work Act 1974:
This law requires that: Employers must ensure the health and safety
for employees, providing them with safe investments, handling,
storage and transportation of goods, providing information, training
and support, giving them secure jobs and secure environment and
facilities.
Organizations must have five or more employees of a policy statement

on health and safety Implementation of the policy update and the
same when necessary and avoid the risk of their other activities.
Operation Manual Handling Regulation 1992:

Manual handling means bringing a load of hand and physical
strength, such as lifting, putting down, pushing, etc. The employer
must:
Hotel management should redesign the movement of the load by
automatic procedures
Employees should be provided with the proper disposal Information

about the weight of each load and its downside.
Mechanical aids such as trolleys, left should, lifting equipment are

available.

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Employees from hazardous substance risk assessment must
When working in a confined space, employees must have safe systems

of work.
Before any work begins, should be adequate emergency measures are

made.
Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 2002.
This law requires employers to assess risks to the health of employees

work and sit on hazardous substances. They should be provided with
health surveillance and medical records available to be stored for 40
years.
Work areas must be free from interference
Floor holes, cracks are loose mats are checked regularly.
Slippery-debris should be cleaned with cleaning equipment and

procedures.
People need to warn of wet floors and alternative routes will be made
available. Processing machines must be organized and to avoid
Losses.
Electric cables must be properly positioned to avoid the final cable.
Covers should be used to secure the cables on the bottom.
If soils are wet and dusty, safety shoes for employees should be made
available
Changes in ground level and tends to characterize.
Mats should be placed between wet and dry environments.
Create a great sense of safety signs, posters
Bathroom and shower valves to maintain pressure and temperature,

providing a pre-mix of hot and cold water and automatic adaptation to

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changes in the system should be chosen.
The hotel management has focused on other security measures to

ensure are:
Room doors should close and lock automatically.
Emergency lighting should be tested monthly
Output port must be clearly visible
A key provision of the work If the keys are not present, it should be
replaced
Landscape design should be clean, but not to provide hiding places for
criminals.
Adequate lighting in parking lots, walkways and exposed areas.
Art. 165. Administration of safety and health laws.
a. The Department of Labor and Employment shall be solely responsible

for the administration and enforcement of occupational safety and
health laws, regulations and standards in all establishments and
workplaces wherever they may be located; however, chartered cities
may be allowed to conduct industrial safety inspections of
establishments within their respective jurisdictions where they have
adequate facilities and competent personnel for the purpose as
determined by the Department of Labor and Employment and subject
to national standards established by the latter.
b. The Secretary of Labor and Employment may, through appropriate

regulations, collect reasonable fees for the inspection of steam boilers,
pressure vessels and pipings and electrical installations, the test and
approval for safe use of materials, equipment and other safety devices
and the approval of plans for such materials, equipment and devices.
The fee so collected shall be deposited in the national treasury to the
credit of the occupational safety and health fund and shall be
expended exclusively for the administration and enforcement of safety
and other labor laws administered by the Department of Labor and
Employment

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SELF-CHECK 4.2-1
TRUE OR FALSE. Write true if the statement is correct and write false if the
1. Employees should not be provided with the proper disposal

Information about the weight of each load and its downside.
2. Room doors should not be close and lock automatically
3. Organizations must have five or more employees of a policy
statement on health and safety Implementation of the policy
update and the same when necessary and avoid the risk of their
other activities.
4. When working in a confined space, employees must have safe
systems of work
5. Manual handling means bringing a load of hand and physical
strength, such as lifting, putting down, pushing, etc

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ANSWER KEY
1.False
2. False
3. True
4. True
5. True

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Effects of Hazards in the Workplace
Learning objective: After reading this information sheet, you must be able
to: know the effects of hazards in the workplace.
Occupational hazard or occupational evil or gift/reward of an

occupation etc. you may call it by any name; the fact is that every
occupation will have a positive as well as negative effect in people. The
impact of such an effect & the extent of scarring it makes in a person have
to be ascertained as a part of solution and should not tend to follow the
philosophy of avoiding such occupational hazards as best options. It such
were the choice, then one has to meditate till death by sitting under a tree
without taking up any job.
We may loudly think that only employees in the factory are susceptible
to such problems. But truth is that every employee is susceptible to such
occupation related problems. The problems are more pronounced in people
who spent long years in an organization.
Generally perceived understanding about occupation related problems

are limited to physical deformities. For example the people who are working
in tanneries prone to develop skin related problems while people in the
quarries will tend to develop more of upper respiratory problems. Many
such examples we can cite to show what occupational hazards are.
To minimize the risk due to an occupation, various regular medical

check ups have been done and made them mandatory for industry. The
unexplained or unexplored area in occupational hazard is the non-physical

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deformities or damages such as behavioural, attitudinal and psycho-
dynamic aspects as a result of occupation.
Are we sensitive about such occupational problems? Are these

problems not posing a serious concern in the society? Do we have any
methodologies to check the level of damage different employees carries with
them and how to treat those problems? Are we mapping people as ‘risk
groups' and ‘critical' based on the mental hazard limit?
Different survival needs in people in corporate make them to be ‘the

worst' or ‘the best'.
Does the organization have the responsibility to make ‘the worst' to

‘better' if not ‘the best'?
Similar to occupational hazards in human world, plants do show

certain pattern in the accumulation of secondary metabolites that are highly
locality or geography specific. The same species of plant show different
chemical constituents and profile living in different regions of the globe.
Similarly, the same species of animals living in different parts of the world
do behave differently. The strange scavenging behaviour is seen in lions in
some regions while they maintain their ‘pride' as top predator in some other
regions.
For example, a mechanic speak a lot about machine while a driver

love to engage in talking more about vehicle and painter definitely about
paints. The people progressively get addicted to a pattern of thinking and
behaving is the finest sign or symptom for the early diagnosis of

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occupational hazard. A cosmetic formulator always looks at the fineness of
anything and everything by default.
It is not the physical disability due to occupational hazard cause

major problem but the mental or behavioural disability is the major area of
concern. Diagnose the problem early and treat it immediately. If the
employees keep changing the organization frequently, they can limit the
hazard to a great extent as the employees will constantly learn and apply
different techniques to survive than using a same stale method.
If people visit different places frequently are generally expected to get

exposed to different microbes/pathogens and may develop disease. But it is
true only to microbial diseases and if one wants to minimize the
occupational hazard, multiple exposures and frequent change of
organization is must.
Do you want to be a diseased person by continuing in the same

organization or be healthy by changing the job and the organization
frequently as far as the occupational hazard is concerned, choice is yours.

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SELF-CHECK 4.2-2
TRUE OR FALSE. Write true if the statement is correct and write false if the
statement is incorrect. Write your answer on the blank provided before each
number.
1. Every occupation will have a positive as well as negative effect in

people.
2. Different survival needs in people in corporate make them to be
‘the worst' or ‘the best'.
3. Every employee is susceptible to such occupation related problems.
4. The problems are more pronounced in people who spent long years
in an organization.
5. Only employees in the factory are susceptible to hazards in the
workplace.

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ANSWER SHEET 4.2-2
1. True
2. True
3. True
4. True
5. False

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ERGONOMICS
After reading this information sheet, you must be able to:
1. Identify ergonomics
2. Know the components of ergonomics
What is Ergonomics?
Most people have heard of ergonomics and think it is something to do

with seating or with the design of car controls and instruments. It is...but it
is much more! Ergonomics is the application of scientific information
concerning humans to the design of objects, systems and environment for
human use. Ergonomics comes into everything which involves people. Work
systems, sports and leisure, health and safety should all embody
ergonomics principles if well designed.
Why was the video recorder one of the most frustrating domestic items
to operate? Why do some car seats leave you aching after a long journey?
Why do some computer workstations confer eyestrain and muscle fatigue?
Such human irritations and inconveniences are not inevitable - ergonomics
is an approach which puts human needs and capabilities at the focus of
designing technological systems. The aim is to ensure that humans and
technology work in complete harmony, with the equipment and tasks
aligned to human characteristics.
Ergonomics has a wide application to everyday domestic situations,

but there are even more significant implications for efficiency, productivity,
safety and health in work settings. For example:
 Designing equipment and systems including computers, so that
they are easier to use and less likely to lead to errors in operation -
particularly important in high stress and safety-critical operations
such as control rooms. Designing tasks and jobs so that they are
effective and take account of human needs such as rest breaks and
sensible shift patterns, as well as other factors such as intrinsic
rewards of work itself.
 Designing equipment and work arrangements to improve working
posture and ease the load on the body, thus reducing instances of
Repetitive Strain Injury/Work Related Upper Limb Disorder.

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 Information design, to make the interpretation and use of
handbooks, signs, and displays easier and less error-prone.
 Design of training arrangements to cover all significant aspects of
the job concerned and to take account of human learning
requirements.
 In developing countries, the acceptability and effectiveness of even
fairly basic technology can be significantly enhanced.
The multi-disciplinary nature of ergonomics (sometimes called

'Human Factors') is immediately obvious. The ergonomist works in teams
which may involve a variety of other professions: design engineers,
production engineers, industrial designers, computer specialists, industrial
physicians, health and safety practitioners, and specialists in human
resources. The overall aim is to ensure that our knowledge of human
characteristics is brought to bear on practical problems of people at work
and in leisure. We know that, in many cases, humans can adapt to
unsuitable conditions, but such adaptation leads often to inefficiency,
errors, unacceptable stress, and physical or mental cost.
The components of ergonomics

Ergonomics deals with the interaction of technological and work
situations with the human being. The basic human sciences involved are
anatomy, physiology and psychology; these sciences are applied by the
ergonomist towards two main objectives: the most productive use of human
capabilities, and the maintenance of human health and well-being. In a
phrase, the job must 'fit the person' in all respects, and the work situation
should not compromise human capabilities and limitations.
The contribution of basic anatomy lies in improving physical 'fit'

between people and the things they use, ranging from hand tools to aircraft
cockpit design. Achieving good physical fit is no mean feat when one
considers the range in human body sizes across the population. The science
of anthropometrics provides data on dimensions of the human body, in
various postures. Biomechanics considers the operation of the muscles and
limbs, and ensures that working postures are beneficial, and that excessive
forces are avoided.
Our knowledge of human physiology supports two main technical
areas. Work physiology addresses the energy requirements of the body and
sets standards for acceptable physical work rate and workload, and for
nutrition requirements. Environmental physiology analyses the impact of
physical working conditions - thermal, noise and vibration, and lighting -
and sets the optimum requirements for these.

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Psychology is concerned with human information processing and
decision-making capabilities. In simple terms, this can be seen as aiding the
cognitive 'fit' between people and the things they use. Relevant topics are
sensory processes, perception, long- and short-term memory, decision
making and action. There is also a strong thread of organizational
psychology.
The importance of psychological dimensions of ergonomics should not

be underestimated in today's 'high-tech' world - remember the video
recorder example at the beginning. The ergonomist advises on the design of
interfaces between people and computers (Human Computer Interaction or
HCI), information displays for industrial processes, the planning of training
materials, and the design of human tasks and jobs. The concept of
'information overload' is familiar in many current jobs. Paradoxically,
increasing automation, while dispensing with human involvement in routine
operations, frequently increases the mental demands in terms of monitoring,
supervision and maintenance.
The ergonomics approach - understanding tasks ... and the users

Underlying all ergonomics work is careful analysis of human activity.
The ergonomist must understand all of the demands being made on the
person, and the likely effects of any changes to these - the techniques which
enable him to do this come under the portmanteau label of 'job and task
analysis'.
The second key ingredient is to understand the users. For example,

'consumer ergonomics' covers applications to the wider contexts of the home
and leisure. In these non-work situations the need to allow for human
variability is at its greatest - the people involved have a very wide range of
capabilities and limitations (including the disabled and elderly), and seldom
have any selection or training for the tasks which face them.
This commitment to 'human-centered design' is an essential

'humanizing' influence on contemporary rapid developments in technology,
in contexts ranging from the domestic to all types of industry.

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SELF-CHECK 4.2-3
1. The ergonomist works in teams which may involve a variety of other

professions: design engineers, production engineers, industrial
designers, computer specialists, industrial physicians, health and
safety practitioners, and specialists in human resources.
2. 'human-centered design' is an essential 'humanizing' influence on
contemporary rapid developments in technology, in contexts ranging
from the domestic to all types of industry.
3. The ergonomist advises on the design of interfaces between people and
computers (Human Computer Interaction or HCI), information
displays for industrial processes, the planning of training materials,
and the design of human tasks and jobs.
4. Ergonomics deals with the interaction of technological and work
situations with the human being.
5. Ergonomics comes into everything which involves people. Work
systems, sports and leisure, health and safety should all embody
ergonomics principles if well designed.

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ANSWER KEY
1. True
2. True
3. True
4. True
5. True

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Employees Compensation Commission Regulations
After reading this information sheet, you must be able to know the
importance of ECC regulations.
The Employees Compensation Commission is part of the Philippines
Department and Employment Agency in the Philippines. The goal of the
program is to ensure fair job practices between employers and employees
Employees' Compensation Commission
The Employees' Compensation Commission is a government corporation

created on November 1, 1974 by virtue of Presidential Decree 442 or the
Labor Code of the Philippines. Attached to the Department of Labor and
Employment, ECC provides services and benefits to both public and private
sector employees.
According to Presidential Decree 626, ECC has the following functions and
powers:

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1. To assess and fix a rate of contributions from all employers;
2. To determine the rate of contribution payable by an employer whose
records show a high frequency of work accidents or occupational
disease due to failure by the said employer to observe adequate
measures;
3. To approve rules and regulations governing the processing of claims
and the settlement of disputes prescribed by the System;#To initiate,
rationalize and coordinate the policies of the Employees
Compensation Program;
4. To initiate policies and programs toward adequate occupational health
and safety and accident prevention in the working environment,
rehabilitation and other related programs and activities, and to
appropriate funds therefore;
5. To make necessary actuarial studies and calculations concerning the
grant of constant help and income benefits for permanent disability or
death, and the rationalization of the benefits for permanent disability
and death with benefits payable by the System for similar
contingencies;
6. To upgrade benefits and add new ones subject to approval of the
President of the Philippines;
7. To determine and approve additional occupational diseases and work-
related illnesses with specific criteria based on peculiar hazards of
employment; and
8. To review and decide appealed cases.
Programs, Projects and Activities
The Programs, Projects and Activities (PPAs) of the ECC are

classified into five (4) Key Result Areas (KRAs). Below are the brief
description of these KRAs and PPAs:
KRA 1: EC Appealed Claims Disposition
One of the reasons for implementing the Employees

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Compensation Program (ECP) is the EC appealed claims disposition. It
focuses on the need to ensure the prompt and expeditious settlement
of all EC claims whether filed at the Systems or on appeal at the
Commission. The program under this Key Result Area is:
1.1 Speedy Disposition of EC Appealed Claims - This involves the
evaluation and adjudication of all EC claims elevated to the
Commission after denial by the System. A system of
monitoring/tracking every action taken on the case has been
installed to ensure prompt disposition of appealed EC claims.
Among noteworthy projects to promptly and judiciously
evaluate EC appealed claims and to ensure that EC claimants
are served promptly, efficiently and effectively in this regard are
the following:
 Evaluation of EC Appealed Claims

 Policy Development
 Legal Action on Delinquent Hospital Loans
 Legal Advisory
KRA 2: Work Contingency Prevention Services
Work Contingency Prevention is necessary if we have to spare

the workers and their families from the problems and pain that come
along with any work-connected sickness, injury or death. At the ECC,
it is our wish that the workers would rather not avail of the
employees' compensation benefits, meaning they do not get sick or
injured while at wok because to do so would mean financial,
emotional and psychological costs to the workers and their families.
Besides, the EC benefits are not that substantial. The program under
this Key Result Area is:
2.1 Work Contingency Prevention Services - The WCP program is

designed to help ease the problem of increasing number of
workers who either become disabled or died due to
occupational injuries or diseases. The aim is to promote
health and protection of workers in the workplaces by raising
the employers and workers awareness on the value of
adopting and observing appropriate preventive measures. The
program also assists companies in developing sectoral action
plans for implementation within a year to reduce the number
of workers affected by identified occupational diseases and
injuries that are frequently claimed by occupationally disabled
workers. This is done by facilitation of linkages with other

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agencies, GOs, NGOs and other specialty group involved in
the prevention and control of occupational diseases and
injuries. Hence, our focus on work contingency prevention
which involves, among others, the following:
 ECP Advocacy Activities

 OSH Awareness Generation
 TB Prevention in the Workplace
 OSH Related Article for ECC Reporter
KRA 3: Rehabilitation Services
The rehabilitation of the occupationally disabled workers (ODWs) gives

new hope and brings life to our ODWs. Its primary objective is to bring back
the ODWs into the economic mainstream as productive members of society
through rehabilitative services. The program that is being pursued in this
regards is:
3.1 Rehabilitation of ODWs Program - The main objective is to facilitate

the integration of ODWs into the economic mainstream as productive
and self-reliant members of society. The following are the projects
under this program:
 ECC-Quick Response to ODWs - This project

aims to provide immediate assistance to workers
or their families within a week in the event of
major work accidents or outbreak of
occupational diseases at the workplace. The ECC
intervention includes psycho-social counselling
services, medical help and assistance in the
filing of the necessary claims with the System.
 KAGABAY Program - "Katulong at Gabay sa
Manggagawang May Kapansanan" or KaGaBay is
a special assistance project to occupationally-
disabled workers (ODWs) aimed at facilitating
their re-integration into the economic
mainstream either through vocational skills
training and placement assistance or through
entrepreneurial training and assistance in the
setting-up a micro-enterprise or home-based
business.

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 Physical Restoration of ODWs - This is another
special assistance project to facilitate ECC-
funded rehabilitation services for ODWs lie
physical therapy by partner hospitals and
provision of free rehabilitation appliances.
KRA 4: Support Services
The programs, projects and activities implemented to support the

operations are essential to achieve the ECC target performance for any given
year. These are the following:
4.1 ECP Information Dissemination - This program is designed to

increase public awareness on the Employees Compensation
Program (ECP) and Work Contingency Prevention (WCP) and to
ensure at all times that workers are informed of their rights,
benefits and privileges under the ECP. This includes publication of
press releases in broadsheets, tabloids and regional papers,
linkages with radio and TV networks for possible participation in
public affairs programs/interviews, distribution of IEC materials to
ECC clients as well as conduct of lectures on ECP and WCP. The
projects under this program are:
 Development/Production of IEC Materials - This project aims

to ensure that reader-friendly WCP/ECP materials are
continually developed. This involves three important
activities, namely: (1) Development and printing of
information materials such as flyers, posters, ads, audio
visual presentation materials and other related information;
(2) Bi-monthly publication of ECC Reporter designed to
inform ECC's specific publics of the latest on employees'
compensation policies, case decisions, OSH research findings
on work contingency prevention and others; and (3) Re-
printing and distribution of existing IEC materials.
 Intensification of ECP Information Campaign - This involves
the conduct of seminars/lectures on the ECP and WCP right
at the workplaces in coordination with the employers and the
employees' unions. Target participants of WCP/ECP
seminars/lectures are rank and file workers, labor union
representatives and human resource officers. This also
includes publication of press releases in broadsheets,
tabloids and regional papers, airing of infomercials on radio,
television and the cinema as well as linkages with radio and

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TV networks for possible participation in public affairs
programs/interviews and distribution of IEC materials to
ECC clients notably flyers explaining the ECP, how to file EC
claims at the SSS and GSIS, on various projects of the ECC
such as the Kagabay Program, the PWCA bill, and the bi-
monthly newsletter, The ECC Reporter.
 Another important project is the Public Assistance Center
(PAC) which is designed to provide personalized
assistance/information to walk-in clients on how and where
to file EC claim or the follow-up of the status of their claims
pending at the SSS or GSIS or at the ECC and other related
matters. PAC is located at the ECC ground floor for this
purpose and was operationalized in 2003.
4.2 Technical Support for Policy/Program Development - The continuing

review and updating of policies, programs and projects under
implementation is what makes ECC services more meaningful to its
clients. This program is designed to provide the agency with timely,
accurate and relevant services relative to the conduct of
researches/studies on ECP, statistical support, planning and
monitoring of agency's programs, projects and activities (PPAs) and
management of information system (MIS) in aid of policy formulation,
program development and decision making. The projects under this
regards are the following:
 Maintenance of EC Claims Database - The objective is to

maintain an updated database on EC claims. This will
provide all the necessary data/information needed in support
of policy formulation, program development, effective
planning, PPA review and improvement, and the day-to-day
decision making.
 Conduct of Research Studies as Inputs to Policy Formulation
- This involves the conduct of necessary researches or the
compilation of results of studies (local and international)
presently available for use in support of policy formulation or
program development/improvement.
 Passage of PWCA bill in Congress - This involves a
continuing review and analysis of the implementation of the
ECP given the changing conditions over time to see whether
the ECP as defined in PD 626 is still effective and relevant or
whether there are new concerns that need to be addressed
but only through legislation.

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 Conduct of Agency-Wide Planning Activities - This involves
the planning and programming of all programs and activities
to be undertaken by the agency for the year through a
conduct of a corporate planning session which includes the
review and assessment of programs and project
achievements serve as input to the formulation of Agency
Action Plan for the following year. The agency performance is
measure through a set of target indicators that are regularly
monitored through the monthly and quarterly reports
prepared by each Division. The conduct of a Mid-Year
Performance Assessment (MYPA) the agency enables to the
agency assess its first semester performance and reformulate
actions and targets for the rest of the year.
 Provision of IT support - The Information Systems Strategic
Plan (ISSP) serves as the framework for the computerization
projects of the ECC. For effective information management,
the Plan documents the procedures and the required budget
for the maintenance of the Local Area Network (LAN) and the
upgrading of existing IT resources and IT trainings.
 Implementation of Gender and Development Plan - This is in
support of the government's advocacy in mainstreaming of
gender and development in all government programs and
projects.
4.3 Finance and Administrative Support Services - This program covers

the efficient and effective delivery of administrative support to
operations as in the case management of records, development of
effective system of maintaining the personal files/records, issuances
of office orders, memorandum and other official reports and
communications, the procurement of equipment and office supplies
requirements, and other related matters. The following are the
projects under this program:
 Finance Services - Financial management's objectives are: (1)
to improve the financial records and journals reporting
system; (2) comply with the requirements of the Commission
on Audit and other government agencies like GSIS, PAGIBIG,
BIR, Bureau of Treasury, DBM and DOLE; and (3) the
processing of valid claims/billings/vouchers within the day
from receipt of document. The budget management's
objectives are: (1) the preparation of annual ECC Corporate
Operating Budget; (2) monitoring of loading fund requests;

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and (3) the submission of ECC fund status report to the
DOLE.
 Administrative Services - This program covers the efficient
and effective delivery of administrative support to operations
as in the case management records, development of effective
system of maintaining the personal files/records, issuances
of office orders, memorandum and other official reports and
communications, the procurement of equipment and office
supplies requirements, and other related matters.
4.4 Secretarial Support for Executive Director/Deputy Executive Director

Concerns - This program covers the efficient and effective provision of
secretarial and clerical assistance to the Executive Director and
Deputy Executive Director on the performance of the function of the
office.
4.5 Technical Support for Board Concerns - This program covers the
efficient and effective provision of secretarial and clerical assistance
to the Board on the performance of the function of the office.
4.6 Continuous Service Improvement - The aim of this program is the

continuous review and improvement of existing work
processes/systems and work procedures for the different programs
and projects of the Commission for a more effective and efficient
public service delivery. The following are the projects under this
program:
 Provision of internal audit services - the aim of this project is
to ascertain the accuracy, integrity and authenticity of
accounting data, to test the compliance with accounting
procedures, prescribed applicable laws, rules and
regulations, to determine that accumulation and reporting of
accounting data is in compliance with generally accepted
accounting principles, and to test the safeguarding of assets.

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SELF-CHECK 4.2-4
1. The goal of the ECC regulations program is to ensure fair job practices
between employers and employees.
2. One of the reasons for implementing the Employees Compensation
Program (ECP) is the EC appealed claims disposition
3. Work Contingency Prevention is not necessary if we have to spare the
workers and their families from the problems and pain that come
along with any work-connected sickness, injury or death
4. The WCP program is designed to help ease the problem of increasing
number of workers who either become disabled or died due to
occupational injuries or diseases.
5. The rehabilitation of the occupationally disabled workers (ODWs) gives
new hope and brings life to our ODWs. Its primary objective is to bring
back the ODWs into the economic mainstream as productive members
of society through rehabilitative services.

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ANSWER KEY
1. True
2. True
3. False
4. True
5. True

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Learning Outcome 3: Control Hazards and Risks
CONTENTS:
 Safety Regulation
 Contingency Measures and Procedures
Assessment Criteria:
1. OHS procedures for controlling hazards and risks are strictly
followed.
2.Procedure in dealing with workplace accidents, fire and
emergencies are followed in accordance with the organization.
3. Personal protective equipment is correct used in accordance with
organization’s OHS procedure and practices.
4. Procedures in providing appropriate assistant in the event of
workplace emergencies are identified in line with the established
organizational protocol.
CONDITIONS:
 Handouts
- Safety Regulations
- Clean Air Act
- Electrical and fire Safety Code
- Waste management
- Disaster Preparedness and management
- Contingency Measures and Procedures
- OHS Personal Records
 PPE
 CD’S, VHS tapes, transparencies
ASSESSMENT METHODS:
 Written
 Interview
 Simulation

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LO3. Control Hazards and Risks

1. Read, analyze and understand If you have some problem on the
Information Sheet No.4.3-1 content of the information sheet don’t
Safety Regulations If you feel that you are now
information sheet, you can now
module.

On Contingency hesitate to approach your facilitator.
measures and procedures If you feel that you are now
information sheet, you can now
module.

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Safety Regulations
Learning objectives: Learning objectives: After reading this information

sheet, the learner should identify and differentiate the different safety
regulations.
1. Clean Air Act
The law has been in place for twelve years now, and much as we have
been able to achieve a lot, especially in terms of the reduction of total
suspended particulates (TSP) level, or the introduction of alternative fuels
in the country, we still have a lot to do. Mobile source, in fact, remains
the top most source of air pollution in the country,.
As one of the DENR’s active partners in implementing the Clean Air Act,
the Partnership for Clean Air (PCA) stressed the need to strengthen
partnerships and coordinated action toward cleaner air.
“Despite significant advances since the implementation of RA 8749, the

challenges we face remain formidable and will test our resolve. We need
to forge more alliances not just between classes and among sectors but
reaching across generations, because the struggle for clean air should
represent in the end the confluence of diverse efforts that many Filipinos
today are involved in.

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Principle of Clean Air Act:.
The State shall protect and advance the right of the people to a balanced
and healthful ecology in accord with the rhythm and harmony of nature.
The State shall promote and protect the global environment to attain
sustainable development while recognizing the primary responsibility of
local government units to deal with environmental problems.
The State recognizes that the responsibility of cleaning the habitat and
environment is primarily area-based.
The State also recognizes the principle that "polluters must pay".
Finally, the State recognizes that a clean and healthy environment is for
the good of all and should therefore be the concern of all.
2. Fire code
"Revised Fire Code of the Philippines of 2008".
It is the policy of the State to ensure public safety and promote economic
development through the prevention and suppression of all kinds of
destructive fires and promote the professionalization of the fire service as
a profession. Towards this end, the State shall enforce all laws, rules and
regulations to ensure adherence to standard fire prevention and safety
measures, and promote accountability for fire safety in the fire protection
service and prevention service.

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Fire safety
Fire safety refers to precautions that are taken to prevent or reduce

the likelihood of a fire that may result in death, injury, or property damage,
alert those in a structure to the presence of a fire in the event one occurs,
better enable those threatened by a fire to survive, or to reduce the damage
caused by a fire. Fire safety measures include those that are planned during
the construction of a building or implemented in structures that are already
standing, and those that are taught to occupants of the building.
Threats to fire safety are referred to as fire hazards. A fire hazard may
include a situation that increases the likelihood a fire may start or may
impede escape in the event a fire occurs.
Fire safety is often a component of building safety. Those who inspect

buildings for violations of the Fire Code and go into schools to educate
children on Fire Safety topics are fire department members known as fire
prevention officers. The Chief Fire Prevention Officer or Chief of Fire
Prevention will normally train newcomers to the Fire Prevention Division and
may also conduct inspections or make presentations.
A fire safety station at a high school. Fire hoses built into a structure
can sometimes be used by occupants to mitigate fires while the fire
department is responding.

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Key elements of a fire safety policy
 Building a facility in accordance with the version of the local building

code
 Maintaining a facility and conducting yourself in accordance with the
provisions of the fire code. This is based on the occupants and
operators of the building being aware of the applicable regulations and
advice.
Examples of these include:
 Not exceeding the maximum occupancy within any part of the building.
 Maintaining proper fire exits and proper exit signage (e.g., exit signs
pointing to them that can function in a power failure)
 Placing and maintaining fire extinguishers in easily accessible places.
 Properly storing/using, hazardous materials that may be needed
inside the building for storage or operational requirements (such as
solvents in spray booths).
 Prohibiting flammable materials in certain areas of the facility.
 Periodically inspecting buildings for violations, issuing Orders To

Comply and, potentially, prosecuting or closing buildings that are not
in compliance, until the deficiencies are corrected or condemning it in
extreme cases.
 Maintaining fire alarm systems for detection and warning of fire.
 Obtaining and maintaining a complete inventory of fire stops.
 Ensuring that spray fireproofing remains undamaged.
 Maintaining a high level of training and awareness of occupants and
users of the building to avoid obvious mistakes, such as the propping
open of fire doors.
 Conduct fire drills at regular intervals throughout the year.

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Common fire hazards
Improper use and maintenance of gas stoves often create fire hazards.
Some common fire hazards are:
 Electrical systems that are overloaded, resulting in hot wiring or

connections, or failed components
 Combustible storage areas with insufficient protection
 Combustibles near equipment that generates heat, flame, or sparks
 Candles
 Smoking (Cigarettes, cigars, pipes, lighters, etc.)
 Equipment that generates heat and utilizes combustible materials
 Flammable liquids
 Fireplace chimneys not properly or regularly cleaned
 Cooking appliances - stoves, ovens
 Heating appliances - wood burning stoves, furnaces, boilers, portable

heaters
 Electrical wiring in poor condition
 Batteries
 Personal ignition sources - matches, lighters

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 Electronic and electrical equipment
 Exterior cooking equipment – BBQ
 Campfires
List of some typical fire and explosion issues in a fire code
 fireworks, explosives, mortars and cannons, model rockets (licenses

for manufacture, storage, transportation, sale, use)
 certification for servicing, placement, and inspecting fire extinguishing
equipment
 general storage and handling of flammable liquids, solids, gases
(tanks, personnel training, markings, equipment)
 limitations on locations and quantities of flammables (e.g., 10 liters of
gasoline inside a residential dwelling)
 specific uses and specific flammables (e.g., dry cleaning, gasoline
distribution, explosive dusts, pesticides, space heaters, plastics
manufacturing)
 permits and limitations in various building occupancies (assembly
hall, hospital, school, theater, elderly care, child care, prs that require
a smoke detector, sprinkler system, fire extinguisher, or other specific
equipment or procedures
 removal of interior and exterior obstructions to emergency exits or
firefighters and removal of hazardous materials
 permits and limitations in special outdoor applications (tents, asphalt
kettles, bonfires, etc.)
 other hazards (flammable decorations, welding, smoking, bulk
matches, tire yards)
 Electrical safety code

 Fuel gas code
Enforcement of the Fire Code of the Philippines
 Processing and review of building plans

 Fire safety inspection of buildings, establishments and other
structures or facilities covered by its implementing law

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Protecting Your Life and property: Fire-proofing yourself
1. Eliminate fire hazards through good housekeeping. Regularly dispose

of waste papers, rubbish, and other flammable materials.
2. Keep matches out of children’s reach.
3. Oil, gas, lamps, and candles should be placed away from curtains. Put
out the flame before going to bed.
4. Do not keep flammable materials like gasoline, alcohol, and paint
inside the house.
5. Regularly check electrical installations, and have all frayed wirings
and electrical fixtures changed or repaired by a licensed electrician.

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6. Do not overload electrical circuits by plugging additional lights and
electrical appliances.
7. Blown fuses should not be replaced with wires or any metal.
8. Never leave a lighted cigarette/ cigar/ pipe unattended that may fall
on flammable materials and start a fire.
9. Always turn off and unplug all electrical appliances.
10. Never leave the gas stove while cooking.
11. Always have a handy first-aid kit in the house.
3. Waste Management
Health Care Facilities must be committed to waste management

principles. Waste management is implemented by the establishment of a
waste management committee and the development and implementation
of a Waste Management Plan. The Generic Waste Management Plan
provides supplementary detail and forms a practical tool to implement
the Guidelines.
These Guidelines will assist managers and personnel of any facility to

implement standards and comply with relevant legislation. Adoption and
commitment by each facility through the establishment of a Waste
Management Committee and adoption of a Waste Management Plan will
assist the facility to manage their waste streams correctly, efficiently and
effectively.
These Guidelines continue with the concepts of waste segregation into

various waste streams, labeling and containment, handling, storage and

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transport, treatment / disposal, auditing, Occupational Health and
Safety, training and legal requirements.
HEALTH-CARE WASTE:
Health-care waste includes all the waste generated by health-care

establishments, research facilities and laboratories, including health-care
waste produced at home (dialyses, insulin injections etc.)
CATAGORIES OF HEALTH-CARE WASTE:
Infectious waste (containing pathogens, excreta, etc.)

Pathological waste (body parts, blood, foetuses, etc.)
Sharps (needles, infusion sets, broken glass, etc.)
Pharmaceutical waste (old medicines, etc.)
Genotoxic waste (cytostatic drugs, etc.)
Chemical waste (laboratory material, film developer, etc.)
Heavy metal waste (batteries, thermometers, etc.)
Pressurised containers (gas cartridges, etc.)
Radioactive waste (waste from radiotherapy, etc.)
IMPROPER DISPOSAL:
Hospitals and public health care units are supposed to safeguard the health
of the community. However, the waste produced by the medical care centers
if disposed off improperly, can pose an even greater threat than the original
disease themselves. In most of the cases there are no systematic approaches
to medical waste disposal. Hospital wastes are simply mixed with the
municipal waste in collecting bins at roadsides and disposed off similarly.
Some waste is simply buried without any appropriate measure. While all the
equipment necessary to ensure the proper management of hospital waste
probably exists, the main issue lies in the staff who fails to prepare and
implement an effective disposable policy.
In general disposable syringes and needles are also not disposed off
properly. Some patients, who routinely use syringes at home, do not know
how to dispose them off properly. They just throw them in a dustbin or other
similar places, because they think that these practices are inexpensive, safe,
and easy solution to dispose off a potentially dangerous waste item.

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Purpose of the Guidelines
The purpose of the Guidelines is to provide a framework of waste

management strategies to assist in the day to day and long term
management of waste by implementing the following essential strategies:
Waste management committees, plans and waste audits;
Waste minimization, avoidance, segregation, recycling and re-use;
Waste labeling and containment; C proper waste handling, storage and

transport;
Correct waste treatment / disposal
Uniform application of these Guidelines to all facilities will help to reduce

uncertainty when staff moves between facilities. This assists with providing
a safe working environment.
Waste Segregation
Waste segregation should follow immediately after waste is generated.

Effective segregation will reduce costs, promote recycling and protect the
health and safety of all.
What is Segregation?
Waste segregation is the practice of classifying waste and placing it

into the appropriate waste container immediately after the waste is
generated.

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Importance of Waste Segregation
Facilities should accurately segregate waste to protect personnel

from injury and infection by preventing hazardous waste entering
inappropriate waste streams and divert problematic waste from incorrect
waste streams. Correct segregation is necessary to ensure that materials
which are reusable or recyclable are not discarded. Correct segregation
and containment of all wastes are required in order to comply with the
provisions of the Waste Regulation. The mixing of wastes is not
permitted. If mixing occurs, wastes containing more than 200g of
hazardous waste are to be classified as hazardous.
Segregation Practice Achievement

Effective segregation can be best achieved through:
Providing education and training programs to all personnel who
generate waste)
Identification of material composition (Material Safety Data Sheet);
Establishing identifiable color coding, and labeling;
Provide suitable containers in appropriate and suitable locations;
Incorporating quick and efficient waste disposal methods into
patient care
Procedures. This may require the redesign or reorganization of procedure

trolleys and working environments; and ensuring all waste can be easily,
safely and properly segregated at the point of generation.
Training
Importance of training in the processes of achieving continuous
improvement in waste management.
Education and Training

Management should provide education and training to waste
generators, handlers, collectors, transporters, and key managers
instrumental in the implementation of the WMP, and waste treatment
facility operators. Handlers must be trained and equipped to
undertake the handling, internal transport, spill management and
storage requirements for the different types of wastes arising at the
facility. The purpose of education and training is to minimize the risk
of injury associated with waste handling and facilitate efficient waste
management.

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Education and training programs should include:
Approved work practices;

Regulatory requirements and methods of compliance;
The use of required personal protective equipment;
Waste minimization, segregation, labeling, containment and disposal
strategies;
First aid and medical treatment for needle stick and other waste
handling related injuries
Hand washing strategies.
Education and training should be provided at the induction of new

employees, on an ongoing basis, with the introduction of new equipment,
and at times of technological change. Approved work practices should be
documented and promoted. Multilingual translations are to be provided to
personnel who may not be proficient in English.
Disaster preparedness and management
4. Disaster Management Preparedness
While we don´t like to think of it, all of us live in a world where nature
poses a risk for us. No matter where we live, there is some risk that just the
land and atmosphere around us provides. If your family were involved in
some serious event, would you be prepared?

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Rather than sticking your head in the sand and pretending like it could
never happen to you, shouldn´t you get some information about disaster
management preparedness? Being prepared is not difficult. It just requires
some pre planning, a little bit of storage space, and the right information.
We can help you with the information and planning. At Ready2Prepare, our
philosophy is that anyone can and should have a plan in place for how to
deal with these events.
Natural disaster management starts with recognizing and identifying the

risks that you face due to your location. People in different parts of the
world face different risks from nature. Someone living in the mountains is
not at a high risk for tornados or flooding, but is at risk for earthquakes and
avalanches. We will help you identify these risks so that you can prepare
properly for what might happen.

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SELF-CHECK 4.3-1
1. Fire safety measures include those that are planned during the
construction of a building or implemented in structures that are already
2. Waste segregation is the practice of classifying waste and placing it into
the appropriate waste container immediately after the waste is generated.
3. Approved work practices should be documented and promoted.
4. Natural disaster management starts with recognizing and identifying the
risks that you face due to your location.
5. A disaster management include a situation that increases the likelihood a
fire may start or may impede escape in the event a fire occurs.

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ANSWER SHEET
1. True
2. True
3. True
4. True
5. True

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Contingency Measures and Procedures
Learning objectives: After reading this information sheet you should be

able to identify the different contingency measures needed in the event of
workplace emergencies.
Effective emergency communication is vital. During a major emergency

involving a fire or explosion it may be necessary to accomplish a complete
evacuation. Normal services, such as electricity, water, and telephones,
may be non-existent. Under these conditions, it may be necessary to
have an alternate area to which employees can report or that can act as a
focal point for incoming and outgoing calls. Since time is an essential
element for adequate response, the person designated as being in charge
should make this the alternate headquarters so that they can be easily
reached. The college must provide emergency alarms and ensure that
employees know how to report emergencies. An updated list of key
personnel and off-duty telephone numbers should be maintained.
Emergency communications equipment such as amateur radio systems,
public address systems, or portable radio units should be present for
notifying employees of the emergency and for contacting local authorities
such as law enforcement officials, the fire department, and private sector
charitable groups.
A method of communication also is needed to alert employees to the

evacuation or to take other action as required in the plan. Alarms must

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be audible or able to be seen by all personnel and have an auxiliary
power supply in the event electricity is affected. The alarm must be
distinctive and recognizable as a signal to evacuate the work area or
perform actions designated under the emergency action plan. The college
must explain to each employee the means for reporting emergencies,
such as manual pull box alarms, public address systems, or telephones.
Emergency telephone numbers should be posted on or near telephones,
on employees’ notice boards, or in other conspicuous locations. The
warning plan should be in writing and management must be sure each
employee knows what it means and what action is to be taken.
A system should be established for accounting for personnel once

workers have been evacuated with a person in the control center
responsible for notifying police or emergency response team members of
persons believed missing.
Effective security procedures, such as cordoned off areas, can prevent

unauthorized access and protect vital records and equipment. Duplicate
records can be kept in off-site locations for essential accounting files,
legal documents and lists of employees’ relatives to be notified in case of
emergency.
Every employee needs to know details of the emergency action plan,

including evacuation plans, alarm systems, reporting procedures for
personnel, shutdown procedures, and types of potential emergencies.
Drills should be held at random intervals, at least annually, and include
if possible, outside police and fire authorities.
Employees exposed to accidental chemical splashes, falling objects, flying

particles, unknown atmospheres with inadequate oxygen or toxic gases,
fires, live electrical wiring, or similar emergencies need personal
protective equipment, including:
 Safety glasses, goggles, or face shields for eye protection.

 Hard hats and safety shoes
 Properly selected and fitted respirators
 Whole body coverings, gloves, hoods, and boots.
 Body protection for abnormal environmental conditions such as
extreme temperature

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SELF-CHECK 4.3-2
True or False: Write True if the statement is correct and False if the
number.
1. Every employee needs to know details of the emergency action

plan, including evacuation plans, alarm systems, reporting
procedures for personnel, shutdown procedures, and types of
potential emergencies.
2. Effective emergency communication is not vital.
3. A method of communication also is needed to alert employees to
the evacuation or to take other action as required in the plan.
4. Employees exposed to accidental chemical splashes, falling
objects, flying particles, unknown atmospheres with inadequate
oxygen or toxic gases, fires, live electrical wiring, or similar
emergencies need personal protective equipment,
5. Alarms must be audible or able to be seen by all personnel and
have an auxiliary power supply in the event electricity is
affected. The alarm must be distinctive and recognizable as a
signal to evacuate the work area or perform actions designated
under the emergency action plan.

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ANSWER KEY 4.3-2
1. True
2. False
3. True
4. True
5. True

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Learning Outcome 4 MAINTAIN OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND
SAFETY AWARENESS
CONTENTS:
 Operational health and safety procedure, practices and regulations.
 Emergency – related drills and training
1. Procedures in emergency related drill are strictly followed in live with

the established organization guidelines and procedures.
2. OHS personal record is up in accordance with workplace
requirements.
3. PPE are maintained in line with organization guidelines and
procedures
CONDITIONS:
 Workplace
 PPE
 OHS Personal records
 Health record
ASSESSMENT METHODS:
 Written
 Interview
 Simulation

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1. Read information sheet # 4.4-
Read, analyze and perform the
1 on Operational health and information and activities
safety procedure, practices regarding information sheet
and regulations # 4.4-1
2. Answer self-check # 4.4-1

Compare the answers to the
answers key # 4.4-1
Read information sheet. After
3. Read information sheet # 4.4-
reading, the learner is
2 on encouraged to answer the self-
Emergency – related drills and check provided.
training
4. Answer self check # 4.4-2

Compare the answers to the
answers key # 4.4-2

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INFORMATION SHEET NO. 4.4-1
Operational Health and Safety Procedures, Practices and Regulations
Learning Objectives:
After reading this information sheet, the student/ trainee should be able
to:
1. Maintain PPE in line with organization guidelines and procedures.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE) Personal should only be

used as a last resort. PPE is for short term solutions only. PPE protects an
employee's body from hazards. PPE must be provided free of charge and
maintained by the employer. Employers are also required to ensure that
workers are trained in the proper use of PPE.
Employees have a responsibility to use PPE in accordance with their training

and safe usage requirements. For example
 wear earplugs in noisy areas

 wear eye protection when working with hazardous chemicals
 wear gloves to protect against infection.
Specific controls to reduce risks

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Select controls from as high up the hierarchy table as you can. The
`elimination' method is the safest solution. In many cases you may need a
combination of controls to reduce the level of risk. For example
 workplace design changes or task modification

 substituting an extremely hazardous chemical with a less hazardous
one
 using a fume cupboard when handling the chemical
 ensuring exposure time is limited
 providing PPE to employees.
Reducing risk to an acceptable minimum will ensure optimum risk

reduction for all.

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SELF-CHECK 4.4-1
TRUE OF FALSE: Write True if the statement is correct and False if the
number.
1. Employees who believe PPE is not necessary for their work or who consider
it too uncomfortable to wear run the risk of leaving themselves unprotected
and vulnerable to occupational injuries.
2. The use of personal protective equipment (PPE) reduce employee
exposure to hazards.
3. PPE should only be used as a last resort.
4. Employees have a responsibility to use PPE in accordance with their training
and safe usage requirements
5. Do wear eye protection when working with hazardous chemicals

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ANSWER KEY 4.4-1
1. True
2. True
3. True
4. True
5. False

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INFORMATION SHEET NO. 4.4-2
EMERGENCY RELATED DRILLS AND TRAINING
Learning objective: After reading this information sheet you must be able
to know how to handle emergency cases in the workplace.
Emergency Drills – are you doing them?
What is an 'emergency drill'?
An emergency drill is a focused activity that allow staff and students and
administrators to practice specific functions. It is not a fully stimulated
activity like a creation of hostage situation as a simulation. It is a fire drill, a
shelter and place drill, a lock down drill. We are practicing a very specific
function and getting a chance to test our plans will allow our people to
practice as life saving skills for what we call functional protocols. Functions
that need to be carried out during a variety of types of emergency situations
and an drill is a very important part of overall preparedness strategy.

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Think back to when you were a kid in school. Do you remember the
various hazard drills you had to practice? Depending on where you lived
there were fire drills, tornado drills, earthquake drills, intruder drills, etc.
The idea was that if such an incident were to happen, everyone would know
what to do without thinking about it. They would just act.
Why is it that once we get into the working world, it seems these drills go
by the wayside? Whether you are just in an office building where you could
be threatened by fire or tornados, or a shop where there could be industrial
accidents like chemical spills, why is it we don’t always think to conduct
these same ‘worst case’ scenario drills?
It’s time to reinstate the emergency drill. But this will not be just any
emergency drill. All businesses are different, and that means you will have
specific needs that have to be met. Think about what needs to be met in
your workplace in an emergency.
Possible Threats
In addition to the fire and nature-related threats already mentioned, are
there any specific threats that may impact your workplace (i.e. radiation
leaks, chemical spills, explosions from combustibles). If there are, you need
to train your personnel on how to deal with these situations were they to
arise.
Employee Safety
It is important to make sure your employees know where they need to go,
and how to get there, to be safe in an emergency situation.
Machine Shutdown
If you have a number of machines operating in your building, and some

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need to be monitored or assisted while running so they don’t burn up or
cause more problems, you need a shut-down procedure that can be followed
quickly while still getting your employees to safety in an emergency
situation.
Materials Safety
If your workplace has a number of chemicals or other hazardous materials
in use, it is vital that you have measures in place to attempt to secure these
materials as an evacuation or other emergency operation is underway. Many
of these types of companies have special rooms where the chemicals are
kept which can be shut and sealed off as an evacuation is happening.
You should plan regular drills with your employees to make sure they know
what to do, when to do it, and how to do it in case of an emergency. While
you may not want to regularly close down all your operations for a drill, you
can go department by department, and make the employees do a mock
incident, and monitor their reactions, noting any mistakes they make in the
process.
While it may seem like an inconvenience, the more prepared your company
is for the worst the better chance you will be able to safely shut down
operations and get everyone out alive and well if the worst were to happen.

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SELF –CHECK 4.4-2
1. It is important to make sure your employees know where they need to go,
and how to get there, to be safe in an emergency situation.
2. You should plan regular drills with your employees to make sure they
know what to do, when to do it, and how to do it in case of an emergency
3. If your workplace has a number of chemicals or other hazardous
materials in use, it is vital that you have measures in place to attempt to
secure these materials as an evacuation or other emergency operation is
underway
4. An emergency drill is not a focused activity that allow staff and students
and administrators to practice specific functions. It is not a fully
stimulated activity like a creation of hostage situation as a simulation
5. While it may seem like an inconvenience, the more prepared your
company is for the worst the better chance you will be able to safely shut
down operations and get everyone out alive and well if the worst were to
happen.

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ANSWER KEY 4.4-2
1. True
2. True
3. True
4. False
5. True

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INSTRUMENT FOR INSTITUTIONAL ASSESSMENT
EVIDENCE PLAN/EVALUATION PLAN
TRAINEES NAME
FACILITATOR’S NAME
QUALIFICATION PRACTICE OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

UNIT OF COMPETENCY
COVERED
Demonstrati
Ways in which evidence will be collected:
Witten Test
[tick the column]
Interview
on
The evidence must show that the candidate……
 Identify hazards & risks X
 Identify hazards and risks and their corresponding
X
indicators
 Recognize and establish contingency measures X
 Identify terms of maximum tolerable limits X x
 Determine the effects of hazards X
 Identify OHS issues and concerns in accordance with
X X
 Follow strictly OHS procedures for controlling hazards
X
and risks
 Follow procedures in dealing with workplace accidents X x X
 Use correctly PPE X
 Identify procedures in providing appropriate assistance
X X
in the event of workplace emergencies
 Follow strictly procedures in emergency related drills X
 Fill up PHS personal records in accordance with
X X
 Maintain PPE online with organizational guidelines x
X X
and procedures

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COMPETENCY ASSESSMENT RESULTS SUMMARY
Candidate’s Name:
Assessor’s Name:
Qualification:
Date of Assessment:
Assessment Center:
The performance of the candidate in the following
assessment methods –
Not
PRACTICE OCCUPATIONAL Satisfactory
Satisfactory
HEALTH AND SAFETY PROCEDURES
[Pls. check () appropriate box]
A. Demonstration with Oral Questioning
B. Written Exam
Did the candidate's overall performance meet the required

evidences/ standards?
OVERALL EVALUATION COMPETENT NOT YET COMPETENT
Recommendation
For re-assessment. _______________________________________________________
For submission of document. Pls. specify (Portfolio Document) _____________________
For issuance of COC ______________________________________________________
General Comments [Strengths / Improvements needed]
Candidate’s signature:
Date:
Assessor’s signature: Date:

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RATING SHEET FOR OBSERVATION/ WITH ORAL QUESTIONING
Candidate’s Name:
Assessor’s Name:
Assessment Center:
Qualification:
Unit of Competency PRACTICE OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY
PROCEDURES
Instructions for the assessor:
Date of observation:
Description of assessment activity:
Location of assessment activity:
During the performance of skills, the candidate…. If yes, tick the box
 Explained safety regulations and hazard control

practices.
 Determined the effects of hazards. 
 Followed OHS procedures 

 Used PPE procedures and practices. in

accordance with organization

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RATING SHEET FOR OBSERVATION/DEMONSTRATION WITH ORAL QUESTIONING
Satisfactory
response
The candidate should answer the following questions: Yes No
 How will you be able to promote sound and
pleasant working relationships with other
workers in the company?
 In case of unexpected emergency or problem that

will arise in the workplace, to whom will you
report the incident?
The candidate’s underpinning knowledge was:

Satisfactory  Not Satisfactory 
Feedback to candidate:
The candidate’s overall performance was:

Satisfactory  Not Satisfactory 
Assessor signature: Date:

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RATING SHEET FOR WRITTEN TEST
Candidate’s Name:
Assessor’s Name:
Assessment Center:
Qualification:
Unit of Competency PRACTICE OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY
PROCEDURES
Instructions for the assessor:
Date of observation:
Description of assessment activity:
Location of assessment activity:
During the performance of skills, the candidate…. If yes, tick the box
Followed OHS procedures for controlling hazards/risks in

workplace
Emergency related drills were practice 
Completed OHS personal records 
Personal Protective Equipment were used 

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SUGGESTED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS FOR OBSERVATION / DEMONSTRATION
Qualification:
PRACTICE OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND
Unit of Competency
SAFETY PROCEDURES
1. What is a health hazard?
Answer:
2. What are the safety symbols and devices in the laboratory?

Answer:
3. What is safety awareness?

Answer:
4. What are the three main international colors used on safety symbols?
Answer:
5. What will happen if you are in an accident?

Answer:

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WRITTEN TEST
ININSTITUTIONAL ASSESSMENT
MATCHING TYPE:
Match column A to column B. Write the letter of your choice on a separate

sheet of paper. Write your answer on the blank provided before each number.
A B
1. A warning against what could A. Safety awareness

potentially adversely affect’s one’s B. Frequency rate
health. It could come in the form of C. Health Hazard
symbol D. Safety department
E. Hazard
2. vBeing aware of safety issues
3. Handles issues related to workplace
safety standards, compliance with
safety codes and safety incident
4. Anything which may cause injury or ill
5. An expression of how many events
happened over a given period of time
by standardized number of hours
worked.
True or False: Write True if the statement is correct and False if the statement is
incorrect.
1. Every employee needs to know details of the emergency action plan,

including evacuation plans, alarm systems, reporting procedures for
personnel, shutdown procedures, and types of potential emergencies.
2. An emergency drill is not a focused activity that allow staff and students
and administrators to practice specific functions. It is not a fully
stimulated activity like a creation of hostage situation as a simulation
3. Fire safety measures include those that are planned during the
construction of a building or implemented in structures that are already

Revision Page 95
PRACTICE
SAFETY PROCEDURE
4. Waste segregation is the practice of classifying waste and placing it into the
appropriate waste container immediately after the waste is generated.
5. Approved work practices should be documented and promoted.
6. Natural disaster management starts with recognizing and identifying the
risks that you face due to your location.
7. A disaster management include a situation that increases the likelihood a
fire may start or may impede escape in the event a fire occurs.
8. Work Contingency Prevention is not necessary if we have to spare the
workers and their families from the problems and pain that come along
with any work-connected sickness, injury or death
9. The WCP program is designed to help ease the problem of increasing
number of workers who either become disabled or died due to occupational
injuries or diseases.
10. The rehabilitation of the occupationally disabled workers (ODWs) gives
new hope and brings life to our ODWs. Its primary objective is to bring
back the ODWs into the economic mainstream as productive members of
society through rehabilitative services.
ANSWER SHEET

Revision Page 96
PRACTICE
SAFETY PROCEDURE
(Institutional Test)
I. Matching type
1. C
2. A
3. D
4. E
5. B
II. True or False
1. True
2. False
3. True
4. True
5. True
6. True
7. True
8. False
9. True
10. True

Revision Page 97
PRACTICE
SAFETY PROCEDURE

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COMPETENCY BASED LEARNING MATERIAL

Sector: HEALTH, SOCIAL AND OTHER COMMUNITY

Qualification: MASSAGE THERAPY NCII

Module Title: PRACTICING OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND

Welcome to the Module PRACTICING OCCUPATIONAL

Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL)

If you can demonstrate to your trainer that you are competent in a

DIRECTION FOR USE OF THE CBLM

This module was prepared to help you achieve the required

MASSAGE THERAPY NCII Date Developed: Document No.

MASSAGE THERAPY NCII Date Developed: Document No.

Competency Unit of Competency Module Title Code

MASSAGE THERAPY NCII Date Developed: Document No.

UNIT OF COMPETENCY: PRACTICE OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

MODULE TITLE : PRACTICING OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

This module covers the knowledge, skills and attitudes required to

At the end of the module, the trainee must be able to:

1. Identify hazards and risks.

MASSAGE THERAPY NCII Date Developed: Document No.

1. Workplace hazards and risks are identified and clearly

MASSAGE THERAPY NCII Date Developed: Document No.

OBTAIN AND CONVEY WORKPLACE INFORMATION

 Hazards and risks identification and control

1. Workplace hazards and risks are identified and clearly explained

2. Hazards/ Risks and its corresponding indicators are identified in

3. Contingency measures are recognized and established in

The students/ trainees must be provided with the following:

 Writing materials (pen & paper)

MASSAGE THERAPY NCII Date Developed: Document No.

Learning Activities Special Instructions

5. Read Information sheet 4.1-3 on If you have some problem on the

MASSAGE THERAPY NCII Date Developed: Document No.

MASSAGE THERAPY NCII Date Developed: Document No.

After reading the information sheet, you should be able to:

The first step in reducing the likelihood of an accident is hazard

A hazard is a source or potential source of human injury, ill health or

MASSAGE THERAPY NCII Date Developed: Document No.

Hazards are classified into five different types:

• physical - includes floors, stairs, work platforms, steps, ladders, fire,

• mechanical and/or electrical - includes electricity, machinery,

• chemical - includes chemical substances such as acids or poisons and

• biological - includes bacteria, viruses, mould, mildew, insects, vermin,

• psychosocial environment - includes workplace stressors arising from a

Methods for Identifying Hazards

 injury and illness records - review your workers' compensation data

MASSAGE THERAPY NCII Date Developed: Document No.

MASSAGE THERAPY NCII Date Developed: Document No.

Direction: Choose the correct answer from the choices given.

1. Anything which may cause injury or ill.

a. hazard b. risk c. chemical d. illness

2. This hazard includes floors, stairs, work platforms, steps, ladders,

3. This hazard includes electricity, machinery, equipment, pressure

4. This hazard includes chemical substances such as acids or poisons

5. This hazard includes bacteria, viruses, mold, mildew, insects,

MASSAGE THERAPY NCII Date Developed: Document No.

MASSAGE THERAPY NCII Date Developed: Document No.

Organizational Safety and Health Protocol

Learning Objectives: After reading this information sheet, the student/