ASSIGNMENT NO.

1. Forestry Code

The Forestry Code, also known as the Presidential Decree No. 705, codifies,
updates and raises forestry laws in the country. It emphasizes the sustainable utilization
of forest resources. This Act lays down the basic principles of forest management and
conservation, makes provision for the administration of forestry (Chap. I), the survey
and classification of lands for purposes of forestry (Chap. II), and the use of forest
resources (Chap. III).

2. Mining Act

In March 1995, President Fidel Ramos signed into law the Philippine Mining Act
(Republic Act No. 7942) which was designed to revive the mining industry and attract
more foreign investment by defining the agreements for mineral exploitation, and
provide the requirements for acquiring mining rights. It governs the exploration,
development, processing and utilization of mineral resources in the Philippines. It is
expected to protect the national interest by ensuring that the benefits from mining are
shared with the government through the Mineral Production Sharing Agreement
(MPSA). The law allows 100 percent foreign ownership of mining projects through the
Financial or Technical Assistance Agreements (FTAAs) and provides several incentives
to encourage mining such as a four year income tax holiday, tax and duty free capital
equipment imports, value added tax exemptions, income tax deductions (when
operations are posting losses) and accelerated depreciation. It strengthens the role of
local government units in mining projects both as beneficiaries and as active
participants in mineral resource management, consistent with the provisions of the
constitution and government policies on local autonomy and empowerment. It fully
recognizes the rights of indigenous people and cultural communities and respect for
ancestral land and institutionalized stringent measures to ensure compliance of mining
contractors and operators to internationally accepted standards of environmental
management.

The constitutional basis for the law was challenged in the courts by anti-mining
groups, the Catholic Church, indigenous people’s organizations and environmental
protection groups and for seven years led to the decline of investor interest in the
mining industry. In December 2004, the Supreme Court of the Philippines declared the
mining act to be constitutional paving the way towards its full implementation. However,
because of the continued protest over alleged violations of mining companies, their
destruction of the environment and the displacement of indigenous people and
communities, the local governments of 14 provinces had promulgated ordinances
banning open pit mining. In January 2011, President Aquino imposed a moratorium on
the processing of all new mining agreements, for the purpose of formulating a new
mining regime that would better stimulate investment, increase the government’s share
of revenues from mining operations address the problem of illegal mining and protect
environmentally sensitive areas. On July 6, 2012, Executive Order No. 79 (EO 79) was
issued by the President which sought to strengthen the protection of the environment,
promote responsible mining and provide a more equitable revenue sharing scheme
between government and private firms. It should harmonize mining policies and require
firms to be more transparent and accountable for their actions as well as strengthen
coordination among stakeholders to ensure strict compliance by mining operators to
existing laws and regulations.
3. NIPAS Act

Purpose

 protect and maintain the natural biological and physical diversities of the
environment development, as well as plant and animal life;
 secure for the Filipino people of present and future generations all native
plants and animals
 establishment of a comprehensive system of integrated protected areas
within the classification of national park

National Integrated Protected Areas System (NIPAS)

 Outstandingly remarkable areas and biologically important public lands

 Habitats of rare and endangered species of plants and animals
 Biogeographic zones and related ecosystems, whether terrestrial,
wetland or marine
 Proclaimed as Protected Areas

Categories

 Strict nature reserve;

 Natural park;
 Natural monument;
 Wildlife sanctuary;
 Protected landscapes and seascapes;
 Resource reserve;
 Natural biotic areas; and
 Other categories established by law, conventions or international
agreements which the Philippine Government is a signatory.

Ancestral Lands and Rights Over Them

 Ancestral lands and customary rights and interest arising shall be

accorded due recognition
 The DENR shall prescribe rules and regulations to govern ancestral lands
within protected areas
 Provided, that the DENR shall have so power to evict indigenous
communities from their present occupancy nor resettle them to another
area without their consent
 Provided that it shall be subjected to notice and hearing to be participated
in by members of concerned indigenous community
Prohibited Acts

 Hunting, destroying, disturbing, or mere possession of any plants or

animals or products derived therefrom without a permit from the
Management Board;
 Dumping of any waste products detrimental to the protected area, or to the
plants and animals or inhabitants therein;
 Use of any motorized equipment without a permit from the Management
Board;
 Mutilating, defacing or destroying objects of natural beauty, or objects of
interest to cultural communities (of scenic value);
 Damaging and leaving roads and trails in a damaged condition;
 Squatting, mineral locating, or otherwise occupying any land;
 Constructing or maintaining any kind of structure, fence or enclosures,
conducting any business enterprise without a permit;
 Leaving in exposed or unsanitary conditions refuse or debris, or depositing
in ground or in bodies of water; and
 Altering, removing destroying or defacing boundary marks or signs.
4. Ecological SWM Act

It is an act providing for an ecological solid waste management program, creating

the necessary institutional mechanisms, declaring certain prohibited acts.

Salient Features of RA 9003:

 Creation of the National Solid Waste Management Commission, National

Ecological Center and LGU Solid Waste Management Boards
 Creation of multi-purpose Environmental Cooperatives or Associations in every
LGU
 Waste segregation, waste reduction and recycling programs
 Construction of Material Recovery Facilities/Systems
 Conversion of open dumpsites to sanitary landfills
 Integration of Ecological Waste Management concepts in academic curricula for
formal and non-formal education
 Administrative and enforcement procedures
5. Climate Change Act

Climate change is the most serious and most pervasive threat facing humanity
today. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the highest scientific body
responsible for evaluating the risk of climate change, reported that warming of the
earth’s surface is unequivocal. If left uncontrolled, impacts of climate change to human
and nature are unprecedented and will continuously affect lives of future generations.

Section 16 of the 1987 Philippine Constitution declared that the State shall
protect and advance the right of the people to a balance and healthful ecology in accord
with the rhythm and harmony of nature. It is in this statement where the creation of the
Republic Act (R.A.) No. 9729 otherwise known as the Climate Change Act of 2009 was
built upon. The law which was enacted on July 27, 2009 was primarily conceived as the
country’s response to the worldwide phenomenon on climate change. Towards the
attainment of this goal, R.A. No. 9729 allowed mainstreaming of climate change into
government formulation of programs and projects, plans and strategies, and policies,
creation of Climate Change Commission, and establishment of Framework Strategy and
Program for climate change.

Mainstreaming of Climate Change into Government Policy Formulation. R.A.

9729 calls for the State to integrate the concept of climate change in various phases of
policy formulation, development plans, poverty reduction strategies, and other
government development tools and techniques. This is to ensure that government plans
and actions are founded upon sound environmental considerations and sustainable
development principles. Aside from that, the government shall take into consideration
gender-sensitive, pro-children, and pro-poor perspective as an input to its climate
change efforts, plans, and programs. Likewise, the government shall encourage the
participation of the national and local government, businesses, non-government
organizations (NGOs), and local communities and public to mitigate the adverse effects
of climate change. This is to align initiatives on climate change into a collective
approach (e.g. the disaster and risk reduction measures integrated to climate change
programs and initiatives).

Creation of Climate Change Commission. The Climate Change Commission

(CCC), an attached agency to the Office of the President, was created as the lead
policy making body on concerns related to climate change. The CCC is tasked to
coordinate, formulate, and monitor and evaluate programs and actions on climate
change.

Ultimately, the CCC’s primary goal is to formulate the National Framework

Strategy on Climate Change which shall serve as basis in formulating and developing
programs on climate change planning, research and development (R&D), and
monitoring of activities. Further, the CCC supports capacity building activities of and
provides technical and financial assistance extension to agencies and institutions. It
also recommends key development investment areas on climate-sensitive sectors such
as water resources, agriculture, and forestry.

Development of the National Climate Change Action Plan (NCCAP). In order to

detail the proposed strategy under the NFSCC, the NCCAP was developed. Streaming
down to the local units, NCCAP served as the guide of the municipal and city
governments in drafting their corresponding Local Climate Change Action Plans
(LCCAP). In all levels of plans and actions, integration of climate change concept and
encouragement of participation and involvement of concerned agencies and units are
promoted.

Under the NCCAP, priority programs and activities for the government were
developed. Seven priority areas were identified which include: (1) food security; (2)
water sufficiency; (3) ecosystem and environmental stability; (4) human security; (5)
climate-smart industries and services; (6) sustainable energy; and (7) knowledge and
capacity development. On the other hand, the LCCAP vary in each local government
and are drafted consistently with the NCCAP. The Barangays, the smallest unit of
government in the Philippines, are expected to support the municipal and city
government in implementing the climate change-related activities indicated under the
LCCAP.
6. DRRM Act

1. Policy Statements
 Mainstreaming DRR and Climate Change in the national and local development
plans and development processes (e.g. policy formulation, socio-economic dev’t
planning, budgeting and governance
 Mainstreaming DRR into the peace process and conflict resolution

2. Consolidated CSOs with the same voice – clear advocacy agenda

3. Building partnership with different stakeholders (national and local government
agencies, private sector, CSOs, academe, scientist and community
4. Evolution of partnership and realization of both sides - understanding limitations
and capacity of multi-stakeholders
5. Advocacy should be evidence- based
6. Strong community-based constituency
7. IPRA Law

 The IPRA was signed into law on October 29, 1997

 Landmark legislation to:
- Correct Historical Injustice
- Enforce Constitutional Mandates
- Observe International Norms
 Salient Points:
- Native Title
- 4 Bundles of Rights:
 Ancestral Domains/Lands
 Self-governance
 Social justice and human rights
 Cultural integrity
- Creation of the NCIP
- Delineation and recognition of ADs/ALs
- Free and Prior Informed Consent
- Primacy of customary laws
- Quasi-judicial powers
8. National Cultural Heritage Act

The National Cultural Heritage Act (with the designation of Republic Act No.
10066) is a law, or Republic Act, of the Republic of the Philippines. It created
the Philippine Registry of Cultural Property and took other steps to preserve historic
buildings that are over 50 years old. It was signed into law on March 25, 2009.

It was passed in response to the 2000 demolition of the Manila Jai Alai Building.

The Philippine Registry of Cultural Property registers all cultural properties of the
country, which the National Commission for Culture and the Arts is mandated to
establish and maintain through the appropriate cultural agencies and local
governments.

A house that has significant importance to the Filipino culture is declared to be a

"Heritage House" by the National Historical Commission of the Philippines (NHCP),
previously known as the National Historical Institute. Historical markers are placed on
the houses by the commission to indicate their significance, Ancestral homes that have
figured in an historic event, house such as the Bonifacio Trial
House in Maragondon, Cavite, or houses of national heroes of the Philippines like
the Juan Luna Shrine[6] in Badoc, Ilocos Norte are included among the categories
"National Shrines" or "National Historical Landmarks".

The act also requires:

That for "cultural property declared as Immovable Cultural Property, the

appropriate cultural agency shall, after registration, give due notice to the Registry of
Deeds having jurisdiction for annotation on the land titles..."

That "Local government units, through their cultural offices, shall likewise
maintain an inventory of cultural property under its jurisdiction and shall furnish the
Commission a copy..."

That "All government agencies and instrumentalities, [ government owned and

controlled corporations]...including public and private educational institutions, shall
report their ownership and/or possession of such items to the pertinent cultural agency
and shall register such properties within three (3) years from the effectivity of this Act."

That "Private collectors and owners of cultural property shall register such
properties, within three (3) years from the effectivity of this Act. The private collectors
and owners of cultural property shall not be divested of their possession and
ownership...even after registration of said property..." and that information on such
private property "shall remain confidential and may be given only upon prior consent of
the private owner."
 The act defines "cultural property" as "all products of human creativity by which a
people and a nation reveal their identity, including churches, mosques and other places
of religious worship, schools and natural history specimens and sites, whether public or
privately-owned, movable or immovable, and tangible or intangible." It deems all
heritage structures, which are at least 50 years old, as presumed important cultural
properties despite non-declaration by cultural agencies. Nonetheless, the government
mandates all local government units to register these presumed important cultural
properties to the database of the National Commission for Culture and the Arts for
cultural documentation and conservation.

The citizen retains the ownership of the house; the government is only declaring
the heritage value of the structure and providing funding for its protection and
preservation.
9. Local Government Code

The 1991 Local Government Code: Providing local government’s broader fiscal
mandates - revenue assignments, devolved expenditure responsibilities,
intergovernmental transfers, and subnational debt/credit financing.

10. UDHA Law

11. Clean Water Act

12. AFMA

13. CARPER

14. Fisheries Code

 ASSIGNMENT NO. 4

1. Briefly define and describe the following terms:

a. Greenspace

Green space is an area of land that is partly or completely covered with

grass, trees, shrubs, or other vegetation. It includes parks, community gardens,
and cemeteries.

b. Greenway

The term greenway comes from the "green" in green belt and the "way" in
parkway implying a recreational or pedestrian use rather than a typical street
corridor, as well as an emphasis on introducing or maintaining vegetation, in a
location where such vegetation is otherwise lacking.

Some greenways include community gardens as well as typical park-style

landscaping of trees and shrubs. They also tend to have a mostly contiguous
pathway, allowing urban commuting via bicycle or foot.

c. Smart Growth

Smart growth is development that supports economic growth, strong

communities and environmental health.

“Smart growth” covers a range of development and conservation

strategies that help protect our health and natural environment and make our
communities more attractive, economically stronger, and more socially diverse.

2. Search for land development tools and enumerate/summarize

 ASSIGNMENT NO. 5

1. PD 984

2. PD 1151

3. PD 1152

4. IRR-PD 1586

5. PP 2146

6. NEPC Office Circular No. 3

7. Revision of IRR-PD 1586

8. EO 192

9. DENR DAO 21

10. DENR DAO 42

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