Fred R. Van Hartesveldt

THE BATTLES OF
THE BRITISH
EXPEDITIONARY
FORCES, 1914–1915:
Historiography and
Annotated Bibliography
Fred R. van Hartesveldt
PRAEGER
THE BATTLES OF THE
BRITISH EXPEDITIONARY
FORCES, 1914–1915
Recent Titles in
Bibliographies of Battles and Leaders
The Inchon Landing, Korea, 1950: An Annotated Bibliography

Paul M. Edwards
Dangerous Sky: A Resource Guide to the Battle of Britain
Eunice Wilson
The War of the Spanish Succession, 1702–1713
W. Calvin Dickinson and Eloise R. Hitchcock
The War in North Africa, 1940–1943: A Selected Bibliography
Colin F. Baxter
The Battles of the Somme, 1916: Historiography and Annotated Bibliography
Fred R. van Hartesveldt, compiler
Signals Intelligence in World War II: A Research Guide
Donal J. Sexton, Jr., compiler
The Southwest Pacific Campaign, 1941–1945: Historiography and Annotated

Bibliography
Eugene L. Rasor
The Solomon Islands Campaign, Guadalcanal to Rabaul: Historiography and Annotated

Bibliography
Eugene L. Rasor
The Dardanelles Campaign, 1915: Historiography and Annotated Bibliography
Fred R. van Hartesveldt, compiler
The China-Burma-India Campaign, 1931–1945: Historiography and Annotated
Bibliography
Eugene L. Rasor
Field Marshal Bernard Law Montgomery, 1887–1976: A Selected Bibliography
Colin F. Baxter, compiler
The Boer War: Historiography and Annotated Bibliography
THE BATTLES OF THE
BRITISH EXPEDITIONARY
FORCES, 1914–1915
Historiography and
Bibliographies of Battles and Leaders, Number 25

Myron J. Smith, Jr., Series Adviser
Westport, Connecticut
London
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available at www.loc.gov
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data is available.
Copyright © 2005 by Fred R. van Hartesveldt
All rights reserved. No portion of this book may be

reproduced, by any process or technique, without the
express written consent of the publisher.
ISBN: 0-313-30625-7
ISSN: 1056-7410
First published in 2005
Praeger Publishers, 88 Post Road West, Westport, CT 06881

An imprint of Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc.
www.praeger.com
Printed in the United States of America
The paper used in this book complies with the

Permanent Paper Standard issued by the National
Information Standards Organization (Z39.48-1984).
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Contents
Acknowledgments vii
HISTORIOGRAPHY
1. Introduction 1
2. The Battles of 1914 5
3. The Battles of 1915 13
4. Generalship 19
ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 25
Index 163
Acknowledgments
Doing a book always requires help–more than can ever be properly acknowledged.
Some people not only do more but do it with cheerful good will. They deserved
special attention. My colleague Church Murdock read parts of the manuscript and
made thoughtful and useful comments. It is not his fault that I did not adopt all of
them or that I made other mistakes. He certainly improved my efforts. At the Fort
Valley State University Library, Robbie Walton Robinson handled my seemingly
endless interlibrary loan requests efficiently and without request. My wife, Mary
Ann, patted me on the back when I got weary and also helped with library searches,
proofing, and indexing. Without her I would not have finished. I thank all of these
people and the others who helped in a variety of ways.
Chapter 1
Introduction
The Battles of the BEF, 1914-1915 is a volume in the Bibliographies of Battles and
Leaders series. Ultimately the series will provide historiographical and
bibliographical reference for the study of military history from the earliest human
conflicts to the contemporary era. Although the World Wide Web provides similar
references and is more conveniently updated than a book (for the subject of the
current volume see, for instance: <<www.1914-1918.net>> or
<<www.firstworldwar.com>>), the material is scattered and must be searched for
under a variety of subjects. And, of course, it is available only when researchers
have access to a computer with connection to the Web. Since information on the
Web is generally unedited and not necessarily kept current, accuracy and
completeness are less reliable than in the traditional format. New publications are
identified with relative ease, while more often than not, older (sometimes obscure
but valuable) works are missed. Therefore, a comprehensive reference volume
makes sense and will have a long-term value even in the age of electronic
technology.
A focus on the British Expeditionary Force (B.E.F.) in the first eighteen
months of the year also makes sense. Although the focus of World War I British
historiography is more often the great battles of 1916-1918, the B.E.F., despite its
relatively small size, played a significant role in the first months of the war. The
initial force, "The Old Contemptibles" (the Kaiser spoke of the British as "a
contemptible little army"), was essentially gone by the end of 1914, and being
replaced by units–British and colonial–brought from around the empire and soon
a rising flow of volunteers. The horrors of modern firepower were imprinted on
these forces by the end of 1915 through massed attacks against entrenched machine
guns and the soul-shattering effects of rapid-fire artillery. Conditions became much,
much worse, as poison gas proved its value and mud interfered with trench life and
military operations. So the problems that became synonymous with the entire
conflict were already becoming apparent. Lessons, learned, partially learned, and
unlearned about how to fight the new horrible but unheralded style war were already
2 The Battles of the B.E.F.
available. Thus an understanding of the future difficulties of the forces on the

Western Front must be rooted in an examination of the beginning.
There are also issues concerning the BEF that have been the subject of
debate and which belong in a historiographical review. Among those of the first
months are the choice of Mons as the initial defensive point; the decision to break
the retreat from Mons for a blocking battle at Le Cateau; the mercurial temperament
of the commander, Sir John French, who at times was eager for offensive and at
others so defeatist that he seriously considered withdrawing the B.E.F. entirely from
the front; and the B.E.F.’s role at the Battle of the Marne. Although of only minor
historical note, the legend of the Angels of Mons [No.212]–still remembered–is
indicative of one element in the attitude toward the “Old Contemptibles,” but
although their heroism remains unquestioned, their leadership, tactics, and strategy
have come under some question. Regarding 1915, controversies both at the time
and since have also been frequent. These include the validity of making significant
attacks with the relatively small British army and the degree to which politics and
the need to accommodate the French (during this period the dominant member of
the Entente) trumped military judgement. Most debated is generalship. The initial
commander, John French, was challenged, perhaps on a personal basis, and
eventually replaced by Sir Douglas Haig. French clearly made some mistakes–such
as the placement of reserves at the Battle of Loos–but historians who have, in recent
years, begun to defend Haig for the terrible slaughter of the Somme and
Passchendaele argue that there was a learning curve for the generals who faced the
new warfare of the twentieth century. Although French has had a few defenders
[Nos.84, 347-50], he does not seem to have gotten the same degree of sufferance
as his replacement.
The earliest accounts of the BEF such as that of Ernest Hamilton [No. 438]
and Arthur Conon Doyle [No. 276] focus on the heroism and sacrifice of the “Old
Contemptibles,” and offer little or no analysis of strategy, tactics, or leadership at
any level. The first school of scholarly analysis, dominated by Basil Liddell Hart
[Nos. 586-91], regarded British generalship as asinine, and tended to focus on the
more dramatic results of the battles in 1916-18. This school regarded the early
battles of the BEF as unremarked warnings of the murderous foolishness to come.
Few before 1950 were inclined to think that there was anything good about the
handling of the BEF, though reverence for its fighting qualities remained unabated.
The appearance of the British Official History [No. 292] during this period made
no difference, for despite providing a treasure trove of detail, the authors/editors
maintained a largely descriptive approach. They were veterans of the war and have
been accused of deliberately avoiding criticisms of their colleagues. Certainly, it
is true that Haig and others who had been subject to bitter criticism, at times, were
invited to review and influence the content of parts of the Official History before
it was finalized. Its publication added little to the analytical commentary
concerning generalship or the BEF. Defenders of the British military in the war did
appear, however. The first, and perhaps still most important, was John Terraine.
His biography Douglas Haig: The Educated Soldier [No. 906] was the first major
Introduction 3
work to assert that for leaders the First World War was a dramatically new kind of
conflict in which there had to be a learning curve. He followed Haig’s career with
respect and argued that the general had learned, step by step, until he won the
victory of 1919. The, regrettably bloody lessons, could not have been avoided and
were learned more effectively than by anyone else at the time. His book Mons [No.
908] along with Anthony Farrar-Hockley’s Death of an Army [No. 315] marked a
change in the 1960s. The rehabilitation of the British army in World War I had
begun. The debate, which will be discussed in more detail below, continues to rage.
As far as the BEF is concerned, it has been synthesized–for now–in Nikolas
Gardner’s excellent work Trial by Fire: Command and the British Expeditionary
Force in 1914 [No. 366].
This volume, in which these issues and others will be discussed, is divided
into two sections. There is first a historiographical essay in which the debates of
historians are outlined and references to the more important contributions to the
debates are given. These references are shown by giving the volume’s number in
the annotated bibliography–the second part--in square brackets. The essay is an
attempt to outline the major controversies that have emerged among those who
study the war, especially the first year and a half, and the BEF’s role in it. The
annotated bibliography is intended to coverall significant studies involving the BEF
in l914-15. When the information in a volume was tangential–political disputes at
home, for instance–some discretion was, of course, required. Choices were made
by an evaluation of the importance for understanding the situation of the BEF–a
debate on munitions shortages taking precedence over one on long-range war aims,
for instance.
Entries are in quite standard bibliographic format. The version cited is the
earliest identified. When a volume has been reissued or revised, the dates of those
publications are added at the end of the entry, but publishing details are not given.
When simultaneous publication was done (usually in Britain and the U.S.), only one
set of publication details are is given, the initial version, if identifiable. Titles in
languages other than English have been translated for the convenience of those
using the book, and if a translation of the work has been published the details of that
publication are added to the entry. Limitations on what was included in entries was
necessary for reasons of space, and it is hoped that they will not cause significant
inconvenience for those seeking to find copies of books referenced.
Archival sources for the study of the British military in World War I are
rich and accessible. Although details of such materials are beyond the scope of this
volume, the most important repositories are as follows. Government documents,
particularly War Office papers, are in the Public Record Office at Kew, outside
London. The PRO also has some individuals’ paper collections, such as the typed
version of Earl Haig’s diary (the hand-written, and in some cases significantly
different, version is in the National Library of Scotland). The Royal Army Medical
Corps collection is held by the Wellcome Institute for the History of Medicine in
London. Large collections of personal papers may be found at the Imperial War
Museum, London; the Liddell Hart Center for Military Archives, King’s College,
London; and the Liddle Collection, Brotherton Library, University of Leeds, Leeds.
Smaller but still useful collections include those of the British Library, London;
Churchill College, Cambridge; and the National Army Museum, London.
Chapter 2
The Battles of 1914
Once the British government reached a consensus about entering the war that began
with the German invasion of France by way of Belgium, the British Expeditionary
Force was dispatched to the continent. It was assigned a position on the left of the
Allied front and planned to advance into Belgium to meet the invaders. The B.E.F.
consisted of four divisions divided into two corps. In addition there were five
brigades of cavalry–one attached to Sir Douglas Haigs' I Corps and the other four
operating as an independent cavalry "division" commanded by Sir Edmund
Allenby. Overall the commander-in-chief, Sir John French, had a force of about
100,000. The British Army's experience of combat within living memory was
limited to colonial conflicts, which by the standards of what was about to come
could hardly be called more than skirmishing, and the Boer War, which was fought
under quite different conditions than those encountered on the Western Front.
Although the performance of the rank and file of the B.E.F., especially its musketry,
was superior and has been lauded to mythic proportions [Nos. 26, 234, 288, 311,
614-15, 908], the command has received more mixed reviews from historians. It
was perhaps an omen that the commander of II Corps, Sir James Grierson, died en
route to the front and was replaced, against the wishes of Sir John French, by Sir
Horace Smith-Dorrien.
The initial approach of historians who wrote about the B.E.F. was to focus
on its heroism and individual skill [Nos. 149, 272, 434, 455]. By chance, the B.E.F.
at Mons faced an entire German army that was a key to the Schlieffen Plan. Its
objective was to swing around Paris and, if all went well, envelop the bulk of the
French armies. Victory in the West would then allow the bulk of German forces to
turn to the East and confront the enrolling Russian "steamroller" (the "steamroller"
metaphor was commonly but in the event, quite inappropriately, used for the
Russians) before it could crush Prussia. The B.E.F., which the Kaiser referred to
as "a contemptible little army," not only slowed the on-rushing Germans but
significantly contributed to fighting them to a stand-still over the remaining months
of 1914. British troops were the most professional of all European forces, for they
were long-service volunteers, with correspondingly more training than the reserves
called out by the Continental Powers. Reports that Germans took their aimed
systematic rifle fire to be machine guns are common [for a particularly enthusiastic
account see No. 234]. By the end of the year, however, the "Old Contemptibles"
were no more. Even after a generation had passed, it took courage to criticize such
a force. Historians are subject to popular and political pressures like other
commentators (though one hopes less so), but even today there is little, if any,
criticism of the Tommies of the B.E.F.. It seems unlikely that this will change.
Leadership and administration have been more criticized by both
contemporaries and historians. The upper ranks were inexperienced. Their combat
experience was, with the exception of the Boer War, limited to relatively small units
fighting against poorly equipped, often poorly led colonial "rebels." Furthermore,
staff work had not been much admired in the officer corps and some officers found
themselves with jobs for which they had not trained. The result was that in the first
months of the war they did not cooperate well, and operations were not well
coordinated [Nos. 112, 162, 489, 360-62]. Such problems were worsened by the
fact that communications were in a transition from hand-delivered notes to radios.
For the moment, a congeries of methods was used, with varying results. Few of
these problems were really the fault of the officers involved, and beyond discussing
the impact on performance of the army, most commentators offer little criticism of
them.
A problem that could have been avoided was the confusion created by
personal rivalries among the officers who led the B.E.F.. The British Army's officer
corps had long been torn by pique. Cliques or "gangs" often formed around
important top commanders such as Lords Wolseley and Roberts. Members
competed for command and promotions and were promoted by their patrons
without, necessarily, demonstrating a fitness to command. During the era of
colonial conflict, this tendency did not result in serious difficulties. Generally one
group or another controlled an operation and most of the officers were at least
competent. The magnitude of World War I, and the much greater complexity of
command, however, required men from all groups and a higher level of cooperation
than had the colonial fighting. Although assignments drew men from various
cliques, cooperation was not initially dependable or easily achieved. Problems of
control were compounded by the tendency of commanders, after giving general
direction, to leave detailed tactical matters to the men on the scene [No. 825].
While this reflected the limited, slow communications of the day, it also meant that
tactical commanders were free to shape the parts of operations their units fought.
If they disliked and/or distrusted one another trouble could easily arise. Central to
this, according to many studies [Nos. 22, 163, 215] was Sir Henry Wilson. Wilson,
a Francophile and planner for the deployment of the B.E.F., was regarded as
political and erratic. Before the War he had been Director of Military Operations,
and he had remained in Britain acting as Deputy Chief of Staff, but many of the men
in France were either tied to him or his foes. Colonel George "Uncle" Harper,
commander of the Operations Section, was a Wilson man as was Sir John French,
The Battles of 1914 7
the commander-in-chief. Unfortunately, Lieutenant-General Sir Archibald Murray,

the Chief of Staff, and Colonel George Macdonogh, the Director of Military
Intelligence, were not part of the clique, and their ability to function effectively was
undermined. Worse, Murray still suffering from the after effects of a Boer War
wound, was not able to perform adequately, and French tended to allow Wilson to
fill the gap [No. 288, 490]. Wilson tended to assume that the plans and assessments
of the French army were valid and to dismiss any intelligence to the contrary. His
influence resulted in such assumptions being imposed on the B.E.F., and
intelligence that numerous German forces were moving toward the British at Mons
were ignored or dismissed. This was the worst, but far from the only problem,
produced by the rivalries among the officers in the early part of the war.
Unfortunately, scholars examining the early months of the war have not, to date,
clearly assessed the role of Wilson and his influence. Although Nicholas Gardner
[No. 362] and Martin Samuels [No. 825] have made some important steps in
evaluating some aspects of command problems, the lack of a comprehensive study
is one of the weaknesses in the historiography of the war.
The B.E.F.'s performance at the Battle of Mons, August 23, 1914, was
superior. Only Smith-Dorrien's II Corps was heavily engaged, but faced by
increasingly large numbers of Germans, the Tommies fired their bolt action Lee-
Enfield rifles so well that the Germans reported facing concentrated machine gun
fire. They appear to have been surprised to find the B.E.F. at Mons [Nos. 103,
556]. It was the misfortune of the B.E.F. to have ended up in the path of the
Schlieffen Plan, and a force of four divisions even with its cavalry support had no
prospect of long-term success in that situation. By the end of the day, the British
losses totaled 1,638 men and Headquarters was beginning to understand that their
position was untenable. A clear, brief account of the battle, with excellent maps,
may be found in David Lomas's Mons in the Osprey Campaign Series [No. 599].
John Terraine's book about Mons [No. 908] and the retreat from it is much more
scholarly, and while David Ascoli's [No. 21] offers much detail, it is poorly
documented.
Sir John French failed to maintain frequent or reliable communication with
his field commanders [Nos. 21, 599, 908], and although he claims in his own
writings [No. 341-42] to have directed Mons, a number of scholars credit that to
Smith-Dorrien [No. 21, 870-71]. Despite the growing evidence of serious trouble,
information was incomplete and overly optimistic reports along with promises of
a counter-attack continued to come from the French commanders. The B.E.F.'s
commander struggled with his own mercurial disposition, continuing to think for
awhile his force could hold on and with British military tradition, which,
particularly in the cavalry–his own branch–did not glorify retreat [No. 21]. Such
over-optimism was further supported by me francophilic Henry Wilson [No. 21].
Edward Spears, liaison officer to the French army, recounts, in his masterful Liaison
1914 [No. 877; see also 856], Sir John's agonizing and the communication problems
that made it worse. There had also been trouble with allies. Sir John was rinding
that French units, particularly the 5th army of General Charles Lanrezac, were not
supporting his flanks as promised. Worse, French units appeared to be in retreat

while their officers continued to speak confidently of counterattack. The British
received no notice of what they were doing or planned to do. This problem would
worsen over the next few weeks, but General Sir Hubert Gough has condemned the
French for leaving the B.E.F. to face the brunt of the on-coming German attack [No.
399]. Lanrezac, of course, disputes this [No. 513, 573], but it convinced French to
retreat and perhaps precipitated a sense of hopelessness that affected his decisions
for the next several weeks [No. 21].
While praise for the tactical performance of the B.E.F. in its first
confrontation of the war is common, the review of British strategic decisions is
decidedly more mixed. Well-known scholar Barbara Tuchman suggests that Mons
had no real significance [No. 916] and Georges Blond thinks that it was a crushing
defeat [No. 104; see also 908]. Other scholars and participants argue that Mons was
a significant victory in that it disrupted the German timetable to the point of
contributing significantly to the failure of the Schlieffen Plan [No. 21, 527].
German sources suggest that they expected the battle to continue on August 24 and
were surprised to find the B.E.F. gone. The Germans do not seem to think that the
B.E.F. had been defeated [Nos. 374, 556]. There have been a number of negative
comments from Frenchmen. Colonel V. Huguet [No. 502], Spears' counterpart,
seems painfully Anglophobic and disinclined to say anything positive about the
B.E.F.. Grabriel Hanotaux [No. 442], certainly a major scholar, criticizes the
British for delaying their deployment to Mons, leaving the French open to defeat
at the Sambre River. George Perris [No. 747] counters with the argument that
B.E.F. followed the schedule it had announced and the French broke down due to
their own poor intelligence. Unfortunately the fog of war does not necessarily
dissipate with time, and such disputes, some clearly nationalistic in sentiment, may
never be adequately resolved. However, an encouraging shift in World War I
historiography away from generalship and the man in the trenches and to mid and
low level command may yet produce some enlightening results.
The retreat from Mons produced some of the most contentious decisions
and actions of the B.E.F. and its leaders. The I Corps was lucky. Its orders arrived
promptly and the German orders to attack came late. Haig had time to organize his
force, disengage, and withdraw far enough away to be safe before the Germans
moved, and von Kluck's plan for trapping the B.E.F. in the fortress of Maubeuge
was already beginning to fail. There was no electronic link to the II Corps, and
word, carried by hand, did not reach its headquarters until the early morning hours
(about 3:00 A.M.) of August 24. It was the beginning of a particularly difficult
period for Sir Horace Smith-Dorrien [Nos. 52, 77-78, 871-72, 582]. The
communications delay prevented disengagement under the cover of darkness. The
roads were badly clogged with oncoming troops and supplies and fleeing Belgian
refugees and took additional time to clear. German artillery began shelling II Corps'
positions early in the day, and II Corps units faced heavy odds at various points as
with a rear guard of two battalions facing a full German division. Communications
failed and a battalion of Cheshires was overrun because it held its ground as the rest
of the British forces withdrew. Eventually the II Corps maneuvered to safety, but
2,606 Tommies were lost–more than at Mons itself.
By the 25th of August, Sir John French had cycled to full pessimism, and
had little thought beyond extracting the B.E.F. from battle. To speed the process
he decided to split the B.E.F., with I Corps moving to the east of Mormal Forrest
and II Corps to the west. The two corps would reunite at Le Cateau, but until then
would remain separated by about four miles of woods. Once again I Corps, despite
a brief panic–uncharacteristic for Haig--due to what turned out to be a skirmish, had
little trouble. Slowed by the difficulty of disengaging, II Corps straggled into its
encampments late into the night of the 25th. Sir Edmund Allenby, B.E.F. cavalry
commander, arrived to tell Smith-Dorrien that his retreat had to continue at once or
the Germans would be on him. With his rearguard still straggling in and his forces
badly in need of rest, Smith-Dorrien made a fateful decision: he would fight. He
planned to block the Germans and take advantage of their surprise to once again
disengage and continue his retreat. Allenby agreed with the decision and to put his
force at Smith-Dorrien's disposal. Lieutenant General Thomas D'O. Snow, whose
4th Division was arriving (much of its heavy equipment was unavailable) did the
same. The decision when telephoned to Headquarters was not welcomed. Murray,
the chief of staff, reportedly fainted [No. 521] and certainly he was losing control.
Sir John French deferred to the man on the scene but made it clear that he would
have preferred the retirement to have continued without a break. Smith-Dorrien
fought, and despite 8,482 casualties, the II Corps was able to move away and
resume the full retreat the following day.
Unfortunately, there is no modern or definitive account of the battle of Le
Cateau. The most complete account remains the brief volume issued by the War
Office in 1934 [No. 441]. There are, of course numerous memoirs and unit
histories that describe all or parts of the struggle [see Index under Le Cateau]. This
is particularly regrettable in British military historiography because the debate about
whether Smith-Dorrien did the right thing began almost immediately and continues
at the time of this writing. It would be difficult to decide from existing accounts
whether Le Cateau was a significant victory or a disastrous defeat.
There are some valuable modern accounts. The best is John Terraine's
Mons: Retreat to Victory [No. 908]. Terraine's praise for the B.E.F. in 1914 is
enthusiastic. He emphasizes the importance of the British role in stopping the
Schlieffen Plan, and says that Le Cateau was "one of the most splendid feats of the
British Army during the whole war," Terraine is articulate and erudite but tends
also to be tendentious. His work is the foundation of what is really a sea change in
World War I historiography moving from condemnation of Allied, particularly
British, generals as murderous fools to portraying them as determined men who
learned the new warfare and ultimately won the war. He argues his case well, but
he is arguing a case. Andy Simpson follows Terraine's interpretation in his
Evolution of Victory [No. 856], and argues, as does David Ascoli [No. 21], that Le
Cateau was a triumph for the B.E.F. and strategically significant for blocking the
progress of the Schlieffen Plan. Numerous other authors have concurred that Le
Cateau was a significant victory [See for instance Nos. 28-9, 52, 77-78, 94-95, 288,
333, 347, 464, 574, 588, 710, 792, 871-72] including some German [No. 556, 580,
974] and French [Nos. 116, 364, 423, 527, 582] accounts.
Although fewer in number, there are some who regard Le Cateau as a
minor engagement or even a very serious defeat. Most impressive in this group is
the well-known Barbara Tuchman [No. 916], who is dismissive of the entire
operation. Tom Bridges, a participant, argues that the morale of the II Corps was
significantly undermined, the effect lingering well into the future. Several
Frenchmen have asserted that the B.E.F. was battered, but there is reason to wonder
if they were not trying to divert some of the problems of 1914 to the B.E.F. and
away from their countrymen [Nos. 104, 502]. F. E. Whitton, in a very weak book
[No. 959], offers a contemporary British agreement that Le Cateau was a disaster.
Sir John French initially praised Smith-Dorrien, but later the B.E.F.'s commander
completely reversed his position and argued [No. 341] that Le Cateau was a defeat
and should never have been fought. The background to this and his controversial
feud with Smith-Dorrien are discussed in Chapter 4.
Once the II Corps disengaged after Le Cateau, the retreat continued. The
British force reunited and moved back toward Paris. Good descriptions of the
B.E.F.' retreat can be found in Terraine's Mons: Retreat to Victory [No. 908],
Spears' Liaison 1914 [No. 877], and John Ashby's See Glory, Keep Glory: The
Story of the 1st Battalion, Royal Warwickshire Regiment, 1914-18 [No. 23].
Richard Holmes' Riding the Retreat [No. 490] describes his own horseback
exploration of the B.E.F.'s route with historical accounts of the events of 1914 that
occurred in the places he was visiting. It is an odd, though charming, approach but
filled with insights about the opening of World War I. Historiographical disputes
concerning the retreat itself are few, and merge into questions about the Battle of
the Marne.
As the retreat continued, Sir John French slipped deeper and deeper into
what certainly appears to have been depression. There is no doubt that he was
mercurial, and exaggerated casualty figures from Le Cateau were certainly
worrisome. His orders specified that although he was to cooperate with the French,
he was not to put the B.E.F. at risk of destruction if he could possibly avoid doing
so. His trust in the French was shaken by what he regarded as a tendency to retreat
without warning thus leaving the flanks of the B.E.F. uncovered. His command of
the French language was not good and interviews with allied commanders had not
improved relations. Convinced that disaster loomed, he resolved to remove the
B.E.F. from the battle line for regrouping, reinforcement, and resupply. The
French, desperately trying to cobble together a resistance and desperate to organize
a counter thrust, were appalled. Sir John was unmoved and drove his men to the
point that medical reports told of threads in heavy knit socks having literally to be
pulled from the flesh of wearers' feet. He intended to move the B.E.F. to safety
behind Paris. The two best biographers of Sir John French are George Cassar [No.
186] and Richard Holmes [No. 489], and although both show respect and sympathy
for him, neither offers much defense beyond depression for his actions in the retreat
from Mons.
The man who had to sort out the situation was Britain's best known soldier
at the beginning of World War I: Field Marshall Herbert Horatio Kitchener (1st
Earl Kitchener of Khartoum), who had been appointed Secretary of State for War
on August 7, 1914. It was to him that Allied pleas for the B.E.F. to stand its ground
went, and he was French's political boss. His attitude about French was less than
enthusiastic. French felt that Kitchener treated him virtually as a subordinate in the
field and had ideas of taking command. On September 1, Kitchener went to Paris
and wearing his full Field Marshall's regalia, met with French, and effectively ended
the retreat. French, in his memoir 1914 [No. 341] condemns Kitchener for
undermining his authority and asserts (French's is the only account of the
conversation) that Kitchener actually approved of the retreat. Although French has
some support [No. 297, 635], most of those who have discussed the situation have
agreed that Kitchener was simply trying to put some starch into French and get the
B.E.F. back into the battle [Nos. 16, 21, 162, 710, 820], although at least one
scholar wonders if French may not have gotten an unintended message [No. 186].
Intentions and messages aside, the result was that the B.E.F. reversed its direction
and moved into the Battle of the Marne, again to mixed reviews.
It some senses the history of the Marne is really French history, but the
B.E.F. played a role, though how significant depends on who tells the story.
Historiographically the questions about the B.E.F. are: did it move too slowly and
thus forfeit a chance to turn the Marne into a much more meaningful strategic
victory, and did its efforts actually have much strategic meaning at all? The key to
the battle was a counter-attack into a gap between the first and second German
armies, and opinions differ about Sir John French's elan in handling the British
share. A number of historians and contemporaries agree that the B.E.F. delivered
the key blow in stopping the Schlieffen Plan and preventing German success [Nos.
67, 84, 618, 633, 874]. The most important defender of the B.E.F.'s success is John
Terraine in Mons: Retreat to Victory [No. 908]. Others argue just as passionately
that the B.E.F. moved so slowly into position at the Marne that opportunities were
lost and although the German advance was stopped British lives were lost for
relatively little gain. The opportunity to turn the Marne from a tactical success into
a strategic demarche was wasted [Nos. 21, 61, 104, 234, 242, 423, 588, 8551]. The
latter group includes French writers who clearly want to blame others for the
continuation of the war and British authors, like Basil Liddell Hart, who have
worked very hard to damn British generalship in the contest. Those who regard the
Marne as insignificant do not particularly condemn the B.E.F., but if their
interpretation is correct, then the role of the B.E.F. has little meaning regardless of
how well it was played [Nos. 347, 630, 886]. As far as the B.E.F. at the Marne is
concerned, the definitive evaluation remains to be written.
With the Marne won–whatever the ultimate implications–the rest of 1914
was devoted to establishing the line of defenses that remained until the climactic
German breakthroughs of 1918 followed by the Allied counter-attacks that
ultimately led to victory. The B.E.F. took its position on the left of the Allied line
in the area of the city of Ypres. It would defend a salient, and fight three major
battles at Ypres. The first of these was the last of 1914. Beyond some discussion
of the skills of Sir John French and Sir Douglas Haig really reflective of the more
significant disputes that in 1915 led to the latter replacing the former [see for
instance Nos. 196-97, 584, 642, 710] there is little dispute about the first battle of
Ypres from a historiographical point of view. The battle, which destroyed the initial
units of the B.E.F., "the Old Contemptibles," has been quite well analyzed by
Anthony Farrah-Hockley in Death of an Army: The First Battle of Ypres [No. 311].
The recent A Storm in Flanders: the Ypres Salient, 1914-1918 by Winston Groom
[No. 420], while readable, offers nothing new and contains several factual errors.
Chapter 3
The Battles of 1915
The three months between the battles of First Ypres and Neuve Chapelle were spent
in establishing and reinforcing trench lines that ran from the English Channel to
Switzerland. The B.E.F. had been reorganized into two armies: the 1st, commanded
by Sir Douglas Haig, positioned opposite La Basse and the 2nd, commanded by Sir
Horace Smith-Dorrien, in the Ypres Salient. The French, as dominant partner in the
Entente, controlled offensive planning. The plan developed by French commander-
in-chief Field Marshal Joseph Joffre involved a two-pronged attack, and he asked
that the B.E.F. relieve two of his corps north of Ypres to free them for participation.
British commander-in-chief, Sir John French, agreed and decided to make an
independent attack of his own. After some consideration, he chose to strike on
Aubers Ridge near La Bassée. The first target would be Neuve Chapelle, from
which the battle ultimately took its name. This meant that the 1st Army would make
the assault, which Haig, snidely, took as a reflection of Smith-Dorrien's
incompetence and the quality of his own force.
The situation changed suddenly, when in early February, London decided
to send the 29th Division–the only British regular army unit not committed to the
war–to the East (it would ultimately become part of the Dardanelles Campaign in
Turkey) rather than to the Western Front. Sir John French was depending on the
29th to handle the relief of the French corps before the offensive. Although a
Territorial division would be sent to the Western Front, Sir John did not think it
could handle the same level of responsibility as a regular army division. He
retracted his agreement to relieve the French corps. Outraged, Joffre canceled his
plans for attack, but Sir John decided to proceed with his.
The assault was to be made by the IV Corps, commanded by Sir Henry
Rawlinson [No. 657, 767], and the Indian Corps, commanded by Sir James
Willcock [No. 964]. Rawlinson, in overall command, prepared well. His artillery
concentration of one gun to every six yards of front was particularly effective
because the high water table in the area required shallow trenches inadequately
protected by sandbag parapets. The goal was to reduce the salient into British lines
at Neuve Chapelle. The initial attack on March 10th was quite effective, though
late-arriving artillery left some German machine guns at the northern end of the
front in action, causing serious casualties in two battalions [No. 73]. The resulting
delay combined with poor communications (a problem that would last out the war)
resulted in a delay in the second phase of the attack, an advance on Aubers Ridge
itself. At the end of the first day, a thousand yards had been gained on a front of
four thousand yards, but two more days of fighting produced nothing more of
significance. Sir John French and Sir Douglas Haig had clearly hoped for more,
and had cavalry ready to exploit any meaningful breakthrough. In fact the results
were a gain of about 1,000 yards on a front of about 3,000 yards at the price of 583
officers and 12,309 other ranks. The B.E.F. had proven itself a valuable member
of the Entente and shown the politicians that progress could be made on the
Western Front, helping to undermine arguments that resources should go to
"sideshows" such as the Dardanelles Offensive.
As historians have looked at the Battle of Neuve Chapelle there has been
a good bit of consensus about the tactics and what did and did not work. There is
less agreement about the lessons learned and how well what was learned was
applied to future conflict. One key lesson was the use of artillery, the concentration
of which was not duplicated until 1917 [Nos. 30, 43, 137, 678, 1015], though some
observers suggest that the growing shortage of ammunition was a problem
(production was to become a crisis, politically as well as militarily) [Nos. 137, 140,
336]. The problem of communication between the commanders and the attack
forces was illustrated [Nos. 336, 759, 856], though few attempt to blame the
commanders for not anticipating such problems. The real debate is not whether
these problems and potential lessons were recognized or appreciated, but whether
the generals learned with reasonable expedition. Haig insisted on pushing ahead
after the successes of the first day and gained little [Nos. 768, 856]. Although this
may have been merely the result of an initial success, a willingness to continue even
after advances had clearly stalled would be a pattern in subsequent, larger attacks
in 1916 and 1917. Even so early in the war, this tendency was strongly criticized
[No. 137]. He is defended in connection with Neuve Chapelle with the argument
that he planned carefully and well and could not have predicted the problems of
modern war [No, 618, 872, 906]. Knowing of later problems makes it overly easy
to see their origins in the early stages of the conflict, whether or not they are really
there. Haig's ability to adapt to the new warfare is a continuing point of discussion
[Nos. 79, 261, 906]. It is clear that Neuve Chapelle established some trends that
would continue for most of the war. The importance of artillery–though much
remained to be learned–the difficulty of sustaining an initial success, and the lack
of dependable communications were all demonstrated, though it took years for the
lessons to be dependably understood. The establishment of such patterns made the
battle significant according to some [Nos. 137]. Others, however, believe that
Neuve Chapelle had little importance because with the French limiting their
participation to joining the artillery barrage, the battle was too small to have a
strategic impact [No. 856], or simply that the British lost due to misunderstanding
the impact of German machine guns which had not been silenced [No. 1002], and
foolishly repeated vain attacks that cost casualties but gained nothing [No. 137].
After Neuve Chapelle it was the Germans' turn to launch an attack. On
April 22 they released a cloud of chlorine gas that drifted over British (actually
Canadian lines) and French lines northeast of Ypres. The new weapon proved quite
effective and opened a gap that, had the Germans been prepared to exploit it, had
the potential to be a decisive breakthrough. Even though the Germans were not
prepared, the struggle to reestablish Entente lines was desperate and costly. Much
of the key fighting was done by the Canadian Corps, and the fullest accounts of the
battle focus on those units. The best are Daniel G. Dancocks, Welcome to Flanders
Fields, the First Canadian Battle of the Great War: Ypres 1915 [No. 253], Tim
Cook, No Place to Run: The Canadian Corps and Gas Warfare in the First World
War [No. 223], and George Cassar, Beyond Courage: The Canadians at the Second
Battle of Ypres [No. 185]. John Dixon's recent work Magnificent but Not War
[No. 266] adds a broader perspective. There is little historiographical debate about
this battle. Most historians note the failure of the B.E.F.'s command to respond to
several warnings that the use of gas was immanent [For example, Nos. 185, 351,
487, 1010] and praise the Canadians for heroic determination. The Official History
[No. 288], on the other hand, understates the Canadian role. It was at this point
that the much debated dispute between Sir John French and Sir Horace Smith-
Dorrien came to a head and the latter was relieved. The historiography of this
dispute is considered in Chapter 4.
In May the Allied offensive continued, with the B.E.F.'s 1st Army
assaulting Aubers Ridge in concert with a French attack further south. For the
British this was really a continuation of the Neuve Chapelle attack. No one
questions that Aubers Ridge was an unmitigated disaster costing some 11,500
casualties compared to German reports of about 1,000. The most complete
accounts are the Official History [No, 288], which is quite critical of the British use
of artillery and Adrian Bristow's, A Serious Disappointment: The Battle of Aubers
Ridge, 1915 and the Subsequent Munitions Scandal, [No. 137] though the author's
rather haphazard approach to citing sources can be an annoyance. The questions
raised in the historiography of World War I about the battle concern the larger issue
of commanders trying to figure out how to fight the new warfare and whether they
made any progress based on the lessons from Neuve Chapelle. Robin Prior and
Trevor Wilson assert in their meticulous study of Sir Henry Rawlinson [No. 767],
tactical commander at Aubers Ridge, had learned from Neuve Chapelle that German
lines could be broken if adequate artillery fire were applied. Although initially well
planned, that concentration was ultimately watered down at Aubers Ridge. Prior
and Wilson blame Sir John French for shifting the attack to accommodate the
French, though they acknowledge that Rawlinson and 1st Army commander Douglas
Haig failed to adjust as the attack frontage lengthened. Bristow, however, indicates
that the concentration of guns was about the same at the two battles. He blames the
shortage of shells that was a continuing problem for the B.E.F. for the inadequate
barrage. He thinks the British commanders would have preferred a longer, heavier
barrage, like the French employed, but settled for a short intense one due to the
shortage of munitions. Andy Simpson [No. 856] adds both that British munitions
contained a very high number of duds and that the Germans, who also learned from
Neuve Chapelle, had improved their defenses so that only high explosive shells
from howitzers were very effective. The B.E.F. had few of both these shells and
guns. Generally, these historians see the B.E.F.'s commanders beginning to
understand in theory the importance of artillery on the Western Front, and agree
with G. C. Wynne's earlier remark that Aubers Ridge marked the definitive shift of
British tactics toward extended barrages with heavier and heavier guns [No. 1002].
The problem was more in the quantity of guns and shells than in understanding the
need for them.
The initial disappointment at Aubers Ridge did not discourage Sir John
French, and he ordered further efforts. On May 16 the 1st Army sent three divisions
at Festubert to the south of Neuve Chapelle. A three day bombardment, all the
available munitions would allow, proved entirely inadequate. The attack overran
the front line of German trenches which were then abandoned by the defenders, who
reinforced the second line. For the price of 16,500 men the B.E.F. advanced about
1,000 yards on a 3,000 yard front. Unfortunately there is no full account beyond
the Official History; students reading about the battle in other accounts will find
differing analyses. Such a reader might be told that Festubert was the first battle
with attrition as the goal rather than ground and so worked reasonably well [No.
856], or that it was an abortive, poorly organized mess that accomplished little or
nothing [No. 336, 395]. He might also find that the generals were clearly applying
the lessons of Neuve Chapelle, especially concerning more artillery concentration
[Nos. 43, 642, 856, 907, 1002] or that they were not [Nos. 43, 140, 395, 767]. A
thorough and definitive study of the battle would be a welcome addition to the
literature.
Not much had gone well for the Allies in the first half of 1915, and so the
commanders, French and Joffre, met in June to plan for the immediate future. They
quickly agreed that a defensive strategy would allow the Germans room to expand
operations on the Eastern Front and possibly support Austrian efforts against Italy.
They also damned the Dardanelles Offensive against the Ottoman Empire, which
they believed diverted already inadequate resources from the fighting in France.
They were firm in the belief that only on the Western Front could the Central
Powers be definitively defeated. Joffre announced his planned attack in the Vimy
area and urged the B.E.F. to support this with an attack against Loos on his left.
Once again, Sir Douglas Haig's 1st Army was the force in the area. Initially he and
French thought Loos offered some real advantages as a target, but a closer look at
the ground showed that, while flat, it was marked by pits, waste heaps, and other
industrial damage. The ground played clearly into the hands of the defenders.
Joffre pressed and French, despite knowing of the difficulties of the ground,
conceded. The B.E.F. would attack at Loos. A second controversial issue was
poison gas. Having made their condemnations of it as an inhumane, immoral
weapon, Allied commanders immediately demanded that poison gas be supplied to
them for use as a deterrent, though they were already planning to use it offensively.
French and Haig believed that it could remedy the shell shortage, though tactical
commanders were hesitant about depending on the first use of an unfamiliar
weapon.
Haig's plan for Loos was simple. The I and IV Corps would attack
between Loos and the La Bassée Canal, supported by diversionary attacks. When
the German front was broken, the XI Corps along with the 1st Army's cavalry would
drive through the gap. One potential difficulty was that the XI Corps, commanded
by Lieutenant General R. C. B. Haking, had an inexperienced staff and two of its
three divisions were New Army (i.e., raised after the beginning of the war) and had
never been in combat. Its artillery lacked training due to both the lack of
opportunity and the shortage of shells to fire. Haig and French also differed about
the positioning of the IX Corps. French believed the reserve should be well back
and under the direction of the commander-in-chief, who would commit it when and
where he thought best. Haig expected to need reserve forces quickly and wanted
them well forward and under his control. French feared that if Haig had control of
the reserve he might commit it even if there were no gap to exploit and the
inexperienced troops would fail and be wasted. Of course, the commander-in-chief
had his way. Meanwhile, Sir Henry Rawlinson, again in tactical command under
Haig, had growing doubts that even the initial attack would work. Due to his
personal position–he had been criticized by French and saved from dismissal by
Haig–he kept his counsel to himself. The problems of command, personal and
professional, are discussed in Chapter 4.
Although the four-day artillery barrage was the biggest up to that time and
involved some 250,000 shells, the width of the front reduced the concentration to
well below that of Neuve Chapelle. The British hoped that the addition of 140 tons
of chlorine gas released from 5,100 cylinders would finish the job, overwhelming
the available German gas masks. The plan also included a shrapnel barrage when
it was expected that the gas had driven the Germans out of their underground
defenses. Despite some mechanical problems, the gas companies got what was
called "the accessory" in place, but the weather did not cooperate very well. Wind
was needed to move the gas to the German trenches, but a meandering breeze
played the British false. In the Loos area the gas blew to and lingered over German
trenches but further north it either hung about in no-man's land or blew back into
British lines. The latter situation was over dramatized by Robert Graves in
Goodbye to All That [No. 405] as there were only seven British deaths due to gas.
Nonetheless British soldiers were forced into gas masks and their combat efficiency
significantly reduced.
The initial fighting went best in the South where the gas was most
effective, but progress was made in the Northern areas as well. After half an hour,
Haig reported progress to French and urged that the reserves (the XI Corps) be
ready to move. After three hours, he reported that his own reserves had been
committed and asked for control of the XI Corps. Getting this took almost two
hours and two hours later Haking reported he was moving forward but faced real
difficulties. In fact, his corps made long, tiring marches and was not adequately fed.
When it arrived on the battlefield on September 26, it was drained and worse sent
into combat without covering fire. The units were cut to pieces by German machine
gun fire, and despite heroic efforts forced to retire. After several more days of
sporadic fighting, the battle ended. The British had lost some 43,000 to perhaps
half that for the Germans. The French did no better.
There is a study of the Battle of Loos: Philip Warner, The Battle of Loos
[No. 940]. It is, however, mostly constructed from excepts from contemporary
accounts. It offers description but relatively little analysis. Loos is another battle
that still lacks a definitive study. Warner does suggest that if the gains of the first
day had been sustained and pursued a more significant victory, if not the desired
breakthrough, could have been attained. A number of scholars agree that the lack
of reserves was a major problem [Nos. 197, 288, 642, 856, 1004]. Basil Liddell
Hart, however, maintains that Haig overstated the problem of reserves and that the
real problem was inadequate artillery and poor ground. No one thinks the ground
was good, and Liddell Hart gets some support in his argument that the real problem
was lack of guns and shells [Nos. 588; see also 43, 302, 856, 1004]. The problems
with poison gas have also raised some questions. Albert Palazzo's Seeking Victory
on the Western Front: The British Army and Chemical Warfare in World War I
[No. 736] has done much to improve understanding of the significance of gas as a
weapon on the Western Front. He suggests that gas was a more important part of
the plan at Loos than has been previously believed, and some other observers have
suggested that the failure to properly prepare for the use of the new weapon or
inadequate supplies of it were a significant factor in the failure [Nos. 351, 657,
1004]. As with earlier 1915 battles there are also suggestions that the concentration
of artillery fire was inadequate [Nos. 43, 856]. In the cases of both gas and
artillery, arguments can be made that the commanders were continuing to struggle
with how to fight the new warfare and were in the process that ultimately led to
victory in 1918 [No. 909]. It can equally be asserted that they were wasting lives
in hopeless struggles that they did not adequately understand. Often defenses of
them seem to depend on hindsight–the Allies won so they must have figured out
how to fight the war.
For the B.E.F., Loos was the last significant battle of the year. The British
settled into their trenches to hold the line and wait for the growth and training of the
newly recruited Kitchener Armies. New army divisions had not fared particularly
well at Loos and clearly needed more training, but their potential was clear. The
great test would come the following summer at the Somme.
Chapter 4
Generalship
Questions about leadership have dogged the British Army from early in World War
I through today. They have been mentioned above, but they are so pervasive that
particular attention should be paid to them. As the "butcher’s bill" mounted, it was
little wonder that contemporaries and later scholars wondered and questioned aloud
whether there might be a better way. Was the infantry really so blunt a weapon that
it could only be used to bludgeon the enemy through massed frontal assaults, at
terrible cost, until he was so worn down that he had to choose between destruction
and surrender? Efforts, such as the Dardanelles Campaign [No. 928], were made
to refocus the major efforts of the BEF proved futile, though supporters never
conceded that they had been given adequate resources to represent a fair chance.
Though these questions would peak later, they were certainly emerging by the end
of 1915. They were also adding to earlier questions that had undermined the
credibility of Field Marshal Sir John French, and led to his replacement as
commander-in-chief of the B.E.F.
The B.E.F. crossed to France under the leadership of Sir John French, next
to Lord Kitchener, already tapped to be Secretary of State for War, Britain’s most
experienced soldier. French had won fame commanding cavalry in the Boer (or
South African) War and continued to believe that mounted forces could play the
role of shock troops, an attitude that critics regard as foolish and old fashioned
[Nos. 13, 185, 206, 362, 489, 710]. Undoubtedly popular and clearly effective at
keeping up his men’s morale [Nos. 362, 203, 808], French lacked administrative
talent and had never been tested as wartime leader of more than a division. Critics
believe that the stress exacerbated a tendency to be mercurial to the point of cycles
of exuberance and depression that undermined his decision-making ability [No.
489]. They insist that his replacement by Sir Douglas Haig at the end of 1915 was
not only the right thing but overdue. Contemporaries and later historians have done
more to confirm than refute the idea that French was unable to handle the B.E.F.
[Nos. 162, 908]. Two recent biographical studies, Richard Holmes, The Little Field
Marshall [No. 489] and George Cassar, The Tragedy of Sir John French [No. 188],
portray French as having good leadership qualities but do not acquit him of the
charges that he lacked administrative skill, tended to destructive mood swings, and
failed to adapt to the nature of the new warfare. Cassar is the more generous of the
two.
Within this general critique, numerous more specific criticisms have been
made of the B.E.F.’s first commander. Although few would go as far as Alan Clark
[No. 206] in regarding him as an incompetent dupe, he is not generally regarded as
among the first rank of military minds. He was rigid and not ready to change even
when the situation made the need clear [Nos. 203, 490, 710, 908]. French’s
temperament, according to some commentators, led to problems with Lord
Kitchener, the political chief of the army, though some suggest that Kitchener was,
at least in part, to blame. During the retreat from Mons the dispirited French felt
that the B.E.F. should withdraw from the line entirely for refitting. It took a visit
from Kitchener, decked out in his Field Marshall’s uniform, to restore enough of
French’s elan to get the B.E.F. into the Battle of the Marne. Although a few
scholars have suggested that Kitchener was glory hunting [Nos. 311, 635], most
have faulted French for a range of failings ranging from timidness to the point of
cowardice, to varying levels of dispiritedness (or depression) either clinical or based
on exhaustion and horror at exaggerated casualty reports (that would have been bad
enough if accurate) [Nos. 21, 243, 423, 908]. These criticisms when combined with
questions about French’s strategic and tactical decisions, make clear that historians
do not have a positive view of his generalship. There are also personal matters that
are thought to have influenced French’s professional activities and the interpretation
of them that darken the clouds that otherwise might have been the regrettable result
of a man past his time and out of his depth.
Unfortunately Sir John French has been accused being both dishonorable
and dishonest. Even before the war there had been some character questions. He
had not always been punctilious about the wives of others; he had fallen into
financial difficulties (perhaps by gambling) that, except for a substantial unsecured
loan from his protege Douglas Haig, were likely to derail his career, and had not
looked good for his involvement in the “Currah Mutiny.” The first of these was
hardly unusual, and the second had been adequately resolved. The “Currah
Mutiny,” which involved resistance to the possible use of the army to impose Home
Rule on Ireland, involved a large part of the senior officers of the army, and so
while French’s effort to be both a resister and avoid the consequences may have
soured some of his relationships in the officer corps [No. 362], these situations
would not have been major historical issues. They are remembered, however, as
precursors to French’s treatment of General Horace Smith-Dorrien during the war
and his responses to criticisms of that treatment and other matters afterward.
It seems likely that all this past and personal baggage would have been cast
aside and forgotten if French's year and a half of command on the Western Front
had been marked by victory. They were, of course, not very successful. How much
of the failure was the fault of Sir John remains a matter of dispute among historians.
However, he did make mistakes and his behavior was at times defensive and did not
Generalship 21
help him maintain his position. Problems came quickly. Eager and talking about
offensives, French sank into gloom as the B.E.F. was forced to fall back from Mons.
His problems with General Charles Lanrezac whose 5th Army was on the flank of
the B.E.F., almost certainly exacerbated by his own lack of language skills, were
real, but his tendency to blame the French for causing the retreat while not duly
acknowledging the desperate and heroic efforts of General Sordet's [Nos. 116, 749]
cavalry to cover the retreat inaugurated a pattern of blaming others. This did
nothing to help Sir John's reputation at the time and became part of the post war
debate as various memoirs fueled one side or another.
The issues surrounding the Battle of Le Cateau are more bitter. Sir Horace
Smith-Dorrien was unexpectedly in command of the B.E.F.’s second corps, having
been appointed by Lord Kitchener when the original commander died en route to
France in August, 1914. French and Smith-Dorrien were not friends [No. 710], and
the commander-in-chief had suggested Sir Hubert Plumer for command of the II
Corps. By coincidence, the bulk of the fighting at Mons, the B.E.F.’s first battle,
fell to the II Corps, and on the retreat with the two British corps separated, Smith-
Dorrien decided he had to make a stand at Le Cateau to block pursuit (see details
of the battle above). The immediacy of the situation and the state of
communications meant that French, who was determined to continue retreating,
could only, reluctantly, acquiesce to Le Cateau after the fact, and it has been
asserted [No. 521] that Sir Archibald Murray, French’s chief-of-staff, actually
fainted when the message that Smith-Dorrien was going to fight came over the
telephone. Once the situation clarified, French did openly praise Smith-Dorrien for
his actions. But a few months later, at the time of Second Ypres, when Smith-
Dorrien suggested a strategic withdrawal to shorten the British line and reduce the
Ypres Salient, French accused him of defeatism and relieved him of command.
Then, when the new corps commander, Plumer, suggested a similar withdrawal, is
was made with little comment by French.
Although Smith-Dorrien refused to make charges even when defending his
tactics [No. 870], most historians have regarded his treatment as unfair and
probably personal. The relationship of the two men has been described as bitter,
perhaps stemming from a pre-war dispute over the role of cavalry as traditional
shock force (French) or mounted infantry (Smith-Dorrien) [Nos. 359, 521, 489,
710]. Basil Liddell Hart [No. 588], no friend of British World War I generals,
suggests that French misperceived his major rival, targeting Simth-Dorrien rather
than Haig as the threat to his position. Smith-Dorrien’s biographers have defended
their subject firmly [Nos. 52, 871] as have others who studied the various aspects
of the situation [Nos. 77, 78, 582, 872]. French, with his memoirs entitled 1914
[No. 341], made matters worse by not only defending himself but also making
attacks on Smith-Dorrien, some of which actually contradict his own statements
from 1914-15. He has been accused of turning the book over to a secretary once
he did some notes for it and then not bothering to check the result so the problems
were due to sloppiness [No. 52]. He has also been accused of out and out lying and
virtual paranoia [No. 710]. Since his book is a virtual screed, denouncing Kitchener
for micro-managing the campaign and undermining the field commander and Sir
Douglas Haig for double-crossing him in an effort to get his command (this
controversy is discussed below), it seems difficult to credit. The most vigorous
defense of French comes from his son [Nos, 343-46], but Ian Beckett [No.80] does
suggest that the delayed orders that kept Smith-Dorrien from disengaging promptly
at Mons could have been telegraphed to him. The II Corps Chief of Staff, George
Forestier-Walker, chose to report in person. If Beckett's account is correct it would
cast some doubt on the efficiency of II Corps' leadership and give some support to
French's view of Smith-Dorrien. The fact that historians, always on the lookout for
a revisionist theme, have not come to his rescue more eagerly, however, suggests
that French was in the wrong.
After Le Cateau the retreat continued, with French beginning to think of
retiring behind Paris to regroup and removing the B.E.F. from the fray entirely.
Pleas from the desperate Joffre led to intervention by Lord Kitchener, who as
Secretary of State for War was Sir John's political boss. Kitchener, who, according
to many scholars, did not think well of French [Nos. 21, 586, 635] decided to go to
France and discuss the situation in early September. He met the B.E.F. commander
wearing his Field Marshal's uniform and decorations, which Sir John took as both
an insult and possibly a desire to take command in the field [No. 341]. Kitchener's
two best biographers, Trevor Royle [No. 820] and George Cassar [No. 186-87]
maintain that there was no such intent, though Cassar does admit Sir John may have
misread the message. They argue that Kitchener merely wanted to impress on
French that the government expected his force to take an active part in the defense
of France. They believe that the fuss over Kitchener's dress was an effort by Sir
John to cover his panicked reaction and divert Kitchener from either inspecting the
B.E.F., which he would have found ready to fight, or talking with the French high
command, which might have spoken ill of Sir John's leadership. Philip Magnus and
some other scholars, however, think French's interpretation was pretty much on
target [No. 635; see also 21, 311]. Cassar does think that Kitchener considered
taking command, and Richard Holmes [No. 490], while he criticizes the decision,
offers the mitigating factors of exhaustion and exaggerated casualty reports. Since
the only extant account of their conversation is French's, it is unlikely that
Kitchener's goals will ever be sorted out entirely. In any case, the retreat ended and
the B.E.F. turned to play its part in the Battle of the Marne.
Victory at the Marne, unfortunately, did little to clear the reputation of Sir
John French. The problems of the battle have been discussed above, but the
charges that the B.E.F. moved too slowly to allow a truly strategic success should
be recalled when thinking about Sir John's fate. Both in contemporary debates and
later histories these questions have dogged his reputation. They have become part
of an aura of failure that historians have not dispelled.
The establishment of trench lines and the emergence of the stalemate on
the Western Front saw the BEF make desperate and heroic stands at battles like first
and 2nd Ypres. The cost of these battles was high, but normally such defensive
holds would redound to the credit of the commander. Oddly French gets little
Generalship 23
credit. Historians have been more interested in the relief of Smith-Dorrien, already
mentioned, and those whose focus is the Canadians, in the performance of both the
troops and Arthur Currie their commander, who organized the defense at 2nd Ypres.
Canadians even damn the British for failing to provide help when Currie, his back
to the wall, pleaded personally for it [Nos. 252-53, 507, 924]. French is either
ignored or portrayed as detached and uninvolved.
The fruitless struggles at Neuve Chappelle and Aubers Ridge were planned
in conjunction with French, and he must share in the blame for failure. Sir John,
however, does not seem to get the same degree of consideration about the need for
learning the new warfare. He and Haig are both blamed for continuing to believe
in mid-1915 that victory was determined by the moral element, i.e., soldiers who
pushed hard enough would win [No.856]. Revisionists credit Haig with learning
better [Nos. 710, 906], but the fact that he had time denied to French is ignored.
Historians before the 1960s tended to follow the lead of Basil Liddell Hart Nos.
[585-88] and condemn British generalship generally. More recently the theme
pioneered by John Terraine [Nos. 906] suggesting that it took time to learn how to
fight with modern technology and mass armies, has seen the leaders in a kinder
light. But this newer thinking has focused on Haig rather than French, perhaps
because Haig was in command at the end of the war. There seems little speculation
that French might have followed the same pattern of development. Political
machinations by Sir John may have helped turn attention to his weaknesses. The
battles of 1915 were hampered by a shortage of artillery shells. French tried to use
the shortage to explain if not excuse the B.E.F.'s failure [Nos. 584], going as far as
leaking information about it to The Times correspondent Charles a Court Repington
[No. 789]. Even politicians who benefitted politically from the revelation [No.
597], came away thinking that Sir John could not be trusted. The political situation
was worsened due to the fact the Prime Minister, H. H. Asquith, said, based on a
report Kitchener attributed to French, to Parliament that the B.E.F. had plentiful
shells for Aubers Ridge. It did not, and French later denied telling Kitchener it did
[No. 137].
The Battle of Loos, the B.E.F.'s last significant fight of 1915, sealed
French's fate. Not only was the battle a failure, French took a more active role. He
kept the reserve forces under his own control well back from the battle line. When
the initial attack made some gains, Haig asked for reinforcement. The combination
of slow communications and long march to the front resulted in a significant delay
in the reserve forces getting into combat. They were exhausted from marching and
most green as well. They were ineffective. Although Basil Liddell Hart [No. 588]
says that he was exaggerating, Haig used the delay to explain why his battle plan
had failed and blamed French, making his view known back in England, and
certainly others take Haig's side [No. 227]. Lord Blake in his edition of Haig's
papers [No. 101] indicates that Haig out-maneuvered French politically on this
question. Although it was effective at the time, historians have not given Loos
much chance of success regardless of the reserve difficulty [Nos. 15, 179, 206, 227,
302, 405, 900, 970, 982, 994, 940].
At the end of 1915, French was relieved and command put in the hands of
Haig. French's difficulties had probably reached the point that a change was a good
idea, but many have questioned the choice of Haig. He has been attacked for over-
emphasis on cavalry. Though horse soldiers were the only mobile force, they could
act, after the very first encounters, only in the unlikely case of a breakthrough and
then would be faced with modern weapons they could not counter. Haig seemed
slow to reach this realization [No. 642]. Haig's slowness to learn might be
attributed to what General Hubert Gough regarded as inflexibility and an
unwillingness to change his view regardless of circumstances [No. 399]. The new
commander has also been portrayed as not particularly intelligent and as an
intriguer who actively sought to undermine his chief. Although such charges go
back into the beginnings of Haig's career, the issues during World War I revolve
around his tendency to speak ill of French to political superiors [Nos. 261, 940].
Haig's own writings [No. 101] shed little light on his actions and motives; nor do
his diaries, but his friend and biographer, John Charteris, who served on Haig's staff
for most of the war, asserts that Haig had already begun to assert French was unfit
for command [No. 196-97]. Haig had the personal and family connections to allow
such behavior. In fact, he had been invited by King George IV and by Lord
Kitchener to write them privately and freely about his views of the situation. Haig
used this opportunity to illuminate what he thought were French's failings. He was
also in touch with military authorities such as Sir William Robertson, the
Quartermaster General of the B.E.F., and Lord Kitchener at the War Office [No.
226]. John Terraine has vigorously defended Haig, arguing that he was an
intelligent, capable soldier and behaved in an ethical, professional manner [No. 906;
see also 642].
Like many historiographical questions, the possible ambitions of Sir
Douglas Haig are likely to continue to be debated. Sir John French's response,
however, undermined his own credibility perhaps beyond reparation. His memoir
1914 [No. 341] is defensive and filled with contradictions. He completely reverses
his praise for Smith-Dorrien at Le Cateau reverting to his earlier charges based on
inflated casualty figures. He attacks Haig, Kitchiner, and others on specious
grounds [Nos. 162, 186, 820] while portraying himself as little less than a paragon.
His only support comes from his second son Gerald, who in a series of books [Nos.
343-46] tried to make his father's case. He was not successful. French's memoir is
so much an embarrassment that, even if there were a case to be made for him, he
discouraged those who might have defended him. Its problems have been attributed
to sloppy preparation [No. 21] and to exaggerated defensiveness [No. 710]. It seems
likely that the problems of the B.E.F. in 1914-15 will continue to be tied to him and
its successes credited to others.
1 A.H. B. [Burne, A. H.] Some Pages From the History of "Q" Battery R.
H. A. in the Great War. Woolwich: Royal Artillery Institution,
1922. Burne tells the story of serving in the B.E.F. from the end
of First Ypres, and makes clear the frustration of the Royal Horse
Artillery due to being forced to fight from fixed positions rather
than maneuvering as it had been trained.
2 Adami, J. G. The War Story of the Canadian Army Medical Corps.

London: Colour and the Rolls House Publishing Co., 1918. The
author describes dealing with wounded in 1915, with the greatest
attention to Second Ypres and Festubert.
3 Adams, Bernard. Nothing of Importance: A Record of Eight Months at

the Front with a Welsh Battalion. New York: Robert M.
McBride; rpt. 1988. Adams' personal narrative of the front near
Cuinchy and Givenchy in the Ypres Salient in the last months of
1915 shows thoughtful observation in the selection of scenes to
describe.
4 Adams, Jack. The South Wales Borderers. London: Hamish Hamilton,

1968. Adams devotes only a chapter to the exploits of the
regiment in World War I. Its actions in 1914-15 are, however,
briefly outlined.
5 Adamson, Agar. Letters of Agar Adamson 1914 to 1919, Lieutenant

Colonel, Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry. Edited by
N.M.Christie. Nepean: CEF Books, 1997. Adamson's account
of Second Ypres is extensive, and his accounts of life in the
salient are particularly vivid and gruesome.
6 Adcock, Arthur. In the Firing Line: Stories of the War by Land and Sea.
London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1914. The account of the

Battle of Mons offered here is of, at best, little value to serious
scholars.
7 Addington, Larry. The Blitzkrieg Era and the German General Staff,
1865-1941. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press,
1971. Although his focus is much larger than World War I,
Addington's examination of logistical problems in 1914,
especially in regard to the Battle of the Marne, is very useful.
8 Adye, John. Soldiers and Others I Have Known. London: Herbert

Jenkins, 1925. Although Adye's position as Major-General in
charge of Administration resulted in his being kept in London in
1914, his comments on raising manpower and the organization
of the B.E.F. make his memoir worth consulting when studying
the initial campaigns.
9 Aitken, Max and Roberts, Charles G. D. Canada in Flanders: The

Official Story of the Canadian Expeditionary Force. 3 Vols.
London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1916-18. Despite the subtitle,
this is a popular and nationalistic though detailed account
including Ypres, Festubert, and Neuve Chapelle.
10 Aldrich, Mildred. A Hilltop on the Marne. London: Constable, 1915.

Aldrich, an American, lived near the Marne River, and in this
collection of letters describes contact with the soldiers of the
B.E.F.
11 Allen, George H., Whitehead, Henry C., et al. The Great War. 5 Vols.
Philadelphia: George Barrie's Sons, 1915-21. These volumes are
a detailed but essentially descriptive history. The portrayal of the
B.E.F. in 1914-15 is readable and a good introduction to the
situation.
12 Andrews, William L. Haunting Years: The Commentaries of a War

Territorial. London: Hutchinson, 1930. Author saw service with
the Black Watch in 1915 and at the Somme in 1916.
13 Anglesey, The Marquess of. A History of British Cavalry: The Western

Front, 1915-18. London: Leo Cooper, 1997. Although the role
of cavalry declined during the war, it remained throughout the
only mobile arm capable of exploiting the breakthrough that
never came. Nonetheless, the cavalry played a part in the early
battles and remained poised in the later ones. Its activities and
potential are carefully explored in this volume.
Annotated Bibliography 27
14 Aquila. With the Cavalry in the West. London: John Lane, The Bodley
Head, 1922. This diary of a cavalry subaltern has a good picture
of life in France during the war but little in the way of stirring
incidents or action.
15 Arnewood. With the Guns West and East. Privately Printed, 1924. This
account, by Major E. D. M. H. Cooke of the Royal Field
Artillery, describes the Battle of Loos in some detail.
16 Arthur, George. Life of Lord Kitchener. 3 Vols. New York: Macmillan,

1920. As Secretary of State for War, Kitchener was a significant
part of planning the activities of the B.E.F., and Arthur provides
substantial amounts of details about the minister's activities. He
also notes his relationship with John French, with whom he had
worked during the Boer War. Unfortunately, Arthur is almost
entirely uncritical and passes over controversies with little more
than an assurance that Kitchener was on the right side in the end.
17 Arthur, George. Lord Haig. London: Heinemann, 1928. Arthur's

obvious bias in Haig's favor does not badly color his account of
the first years of the war, though he is not a particularly good
source for Haig's efforts to replace Sir John French in command
of the B.E.F.
18 Arthur, George. Not Worth Reading. London: Longmans, Green, 1938.

Arthur, Kitchener's secretary at the War Office, comments about
the minister's involvement with the B.E.F. during 1914-15.
19 Arthur, George and Captain Shennan. The Story of the Household

Cavalry. 3 Vols. London: Heinemann, 1909-26. Cavalry, often
dismounted, were involved in a number of the early battles.
These authors give a particularly detailed account of First Ypres.
20 Arz, Arthur Albert. Zur Geschichte des Grössen Krieges, 1914-1918.

[The History of the Great War, 1914-1918.] Wien: Rikola
verlag, 1924; rpt. 1969. Arz's book is a detailed survey of the
war from the German point of view and helps make clear the
situation the B.E.F. faced.
21 Ascoli, David. The Mons Star: The British Expeditionary Force 5th Aug.-
22nd Nov. 1914. London: Harrap, 1981. Ascoli follows the "Old
Contemptibles" from the first shots through the end of the
fighting in 1914. His descriptions are clear and detailed; he is
very critical of Sir John French. Unfortunately, his book is not
well documented.
22 Ash, Bernard. The Lost Dictator: A Biography of Field Marshall Sir

Henry Wilson. London: Cassell, 1968. Ash not only credits
Wilson with most of the responsibility for the creation of and
decision to use the B.E.F., but also with being, in practice, the
director of its operations in 1914. Ash argues reasonably well
for his interpretations, but fails to provide citations to support
them.
23 Ashby, John. See Glory, Keep Glory: The Story of the 1st Battalion,
Royal Warwickshire Regiment, 1914-18. N. P.: Helion, 2000.
Ashby offers a complete version of the unit's experiences in the
war, and new information about the incident at St. Quentin in
1914 when two colonels agreed to surrender during the retreat
from Mons.
24 Ashcroft, A. H. Ed. The History of the Seventh South Staffordshire

Regiment. London: Printed by Boyle, Son &Watchurst, 1919.
Units of this regiment were involved in a number of the B.E.F.'s
battles in 1914-15.
25 Ashurst, George. My Bit: A Lancashire Fusilier at War 1914-1918.

Edited by Richard Holmes. Ramsbury: The Crowood Press,
1987. Ashurst arrived in France in November, 1914, and
remained until being gassed in April, 1915. He says little about
combat, but his descriptions of trench life are detailed and
evocative.
26 Asprey, Robert B. The First Battle of the Marne. Philadelphia: J. B.

Lippincott, 1962. Asprey traces the first campaigns of the war
culminating in the Battle of the Marne, which he presents as a
major turning point in the fortunes of the Germans. His hero is
the French General Joffre, whose calm and direct handling of
French forces led to victory, and his villain is German General
Helmuth von Moltke who lost control of the Battle failing to give
vital direction to his armies. The B.E.F., in Asprey's opinion,
played a pivotal role in the battle, for without its counterattack
the victory would not have been possible.
27 Asprey, Robert B. The German High Command at War: Hindenburg and

Ludendorff Conduct World War I. New York: William Morrow,
1991. Asprey's analysis of Helmuth von Moltke in 1914 suggests
that the general was at first misled into thinking victory was at
hand by overly optimistic reports and poor communications. By
September, however, he was aware that Paris would not be taken
and victory, if won, would not be quick. Asprey does an
excellent job of showing the problems of the German command

during the initial stage of the war and tying them to the political
situation. Germans could not admit that the Marne was a defeat,
but in calling it a victory, they undermined the authority of
Falkenhayn when he took command.
28 Aston, George. The Biography of the Late Marshal Foch. London:

Hutchinson, 1929. Aston credits the B.E.F. with saving the
French at Mons and Le Cateau, and he thinks Foch got on very
well with Sir John French as well as Henry Wilson. Nonetheless,
Foch would have preferred Sir Douglas Haig as commander, and
claimed more control over the B.E.F. in 1914 than he really had.
29 Aston, George. The Great War of 1914-1918. London: Thornton

Butterworth, 1930. This book was clearly intended to convince
readers that war is always a mistake, but it does include
descriptions of military operations. It would serve as an
introduction to the operations of the B.E.F.
30 Atkinson, C. T. The Devonshire Regiment, 1914-1918. Exeter: Eland

Brothers/London: Simpkin, Marshall, Hamilton, Kent, 1926.
Atkinson writes clearly and does a better than adequate job of
setting events in context. He describes Devonshire units in
action at Givenchy, Festubert, Neuve Chapelle, Aubers Ridge,
and Loos.
31 Atkinson, C. T. History of the Royal Dragoons, 1661-1934. Glasgow:

Robert Maclehose/The University Press for the Regiment, n.d.
After arriving in France late in 1914 this unit became a mobile
reserve, rushing to trouble spots and fighting on foot. Its
experiences are illustrative of the changing role of cavalry.
32 Atkinson, C. T. The History of the South Wales Borderers, 1914-1918.

London: Medici Society, 1931. The South Wales Borderers
were involved in most of the battles in 1914-15, and Atkinson
provides effective descriptions of the tactical aspects along with
some comment about the overall situation.
33 Atkinson, C. T. The Queen's Own Royal West Kent Regiment, 1914-

1918. London: Simpkin, Marshall, Hamilton, Kent, 1924.
Atkinson provides factual accounts of most of the battles of
1914-15.
34 Atkinson, C. T. The Seventh Division, 1914-1918. London: John

Murray, 1927. This well-written unit history provides detailed
descriptions of battles in 1914-15 starting with 1st Ypres. It is,

however, rather narrowly focused on the battalions of the
Seventh Division and their tactical performance.
35 Atkinson, C. T. and D. S. Daniell. Regimental History of the Royal

Hampshire Regiment. 3 Vols. Aldershot: Gale & Polden, 1955.
Atkinson, who wrote the volume covering World War I, is a
competent historian, and does an effective job of tracing the
battalions of the regiment in 1914-15.
36 Atteridge, A. Hilliard. History of the 17th (Northern) Division. Glasgow:

Robert Maclehose–The University Press, 1929. The 17th
Division was in the line during the fall of 1915 and saw some
combat in a supporting role at the Battle of Loos. Atteridge's
descriptions are no more than adequate.
37 Atteridge, A. Hilliard. Marshal Ferdinand Foch: His Life and His

Theory of Modern War. London: Skeffington, n.d. Atteridge is
quite laudatory in his treatment of Foch, and although he
discusses the B.E.F., especially at the Marne, by making Foch the
hero he makes the English seem secondary at best.
38 Auld, S. J. M. Gas and Flame. New York: George H. Doran, 1918.

Although his particular focus is the technology of the weapon,
Auld devotes several chapters to the battles in which the early
use of gas occurred.
39 Azan, Paul. Franchet D'Esprey. Paris: Flamnmarion, 1949. Franchet

D'Esprey commanded the French 5th Army, which was to the
immediate right of the B.E.F. in the early fighting. Though
indirect, his part in shaping the involvement of the B.E.F. was
notable.
40 Babin, Gustave. La Bataille de la Marne. [The Battle of the Marne.]

Paris: Plon, 1915. An early effort to follow the development of
the battle step by step. Based on French military sources.
41 Babington, Anthony. For the Sake of Example: Capital Courts Martial,

1914-1920. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1983. Babington's
observations about discipline are valuable for understanding the
B.E.F. as it adjusted to the realities of modern war.
42 Bagshaw, G. B. and R. M. Eassie. Eds. Another Garland from the Front:

5th Canadian Battalion (Western Cavalry), Saskatchewan
Regiment. 4 Vols. London: George Pullman and Sons, 1915-
18. Part of the Second Brigade in the First Division, the Fifth
Battalion was involved in the action in the Ypres Salient,
including Second Ypres, during 1915.
43 Bailey, Jonathan. The First World War and the Birth of the Modern Style
of Warfare. Camberley: Strategic and Combat Studies Institute;
The Occasional Paper No. 22, 1996. Bailey traces the
technological changes, especially in artillery, that characterize
modern war, showing their origins in World War I. He argues
that the early battles were examples of trial and error learning.
44 Bailey, O. F. and H. M. Hollier. "The Kensingtons" 13th London

Regiment. NP: Regimental Old Comrades Association, n.d.
Although the focus is narrow and tactical, this volume does
provide details of Aubers Ridge and Neuve Chapelle.
45 Bairnsfather, Bruce. Bullets and Billets. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons,

1917. This classic cartoonist's account of life at the front through
2nd Ypres is in the spirit of Bill Mauldin in World War II.
46 Baker, H. A. "History of the 7th Field Company, R.E. During the War
1914-1918." The Royal Engineers Journal 46 (June, 1932):
258-73. This article, which is part of a series, covers the period
1914-16. The unit's efforts at constructing trenches and other
defense work and involvement in transport development are
described.
47 Baker-Carr, C. D. From Chauffeur to Brigadier. London: Ernest Benn,

1930. Baker-Carr started the war as a driver and describes Le
Cateau and the retreat from Mons, after which he was detached
to help develop the British machine gun school.
48 Balck, William. Entwicklung der Taktik im Weltkrieg. Berlin: R.

Eisenschmidt, 1922. Translated by H. Bell as The Development
of Tactics, World War (Fort Leavenworth, KS, 1922).
Observations on the evolution of tactics.
49 Baldwin, Hanson W. World War I: An Outline History. New York:

Harper and Brothers, 1962. Baldwin's volume provides a useful
reference for detail and specific events.
50 Baldwin, Harold. "Holding the Line". Chicago: A. C. McClurg, 1918.

This largely superficial memoir of service with the 1st Division
CEF has a fairly detailed account of Second Ypres.
51 Bales, P. G. The History of the 1/4 Battalion, Duke of Wellington's (West

Riding) Regiment, 1914-1919. Hallifax: E. Mortimer, 1920.
Covers trench life and fighting in the latter months of 1915 in the
Ypres Salient, but none of the major battles.
52 Ballard, C. Smith-Dorrien. London: Constable, 1931. Ballard is

sympathetic to Smith-Dorrien in the feud with Sir John French
and argues his case vigorously. Unfortunately, he offers only a
few excepts from official documents as evidence.
53 Ballard, C. R. Kitchener. New York: Dodd Mead, 1930. Ballard

describes the events of 1914-15, and particularly lauds
Kitchener's handling of French during their Paris meeting
concerning the retreat from Mons. He asserts that Kitchener was,
however, too slow to realize that personalities and politics were
factors in military planning and for failing to keep abreast of
what French was planning. Kitchener, however, had relatively
little to do with military operations and made his great
contributions in the areas of recruitment and relations with allies.
54 Banks, Arthur. A Military Atlas of the First World War. London:

William Heinemann, 1975; rpt. 1989. Provides excellent maps
of the battlefields.
55 Banks, T. M. and R. A. Chell. With the 10th Essex in France. 2nd Ed.
London: Gay & Hancock, 1924. Although the 10th Essex only
arrived in France in the fall of 1915, this account of the unit has
details of life in the trenches for the B.E.F.
56 Barclay, C. N. "France and Belgium, 1914: Part I The Opening Moves

and the Battle of the Marne." Army Quarterly 103 (Oct., 1972):
39-51; "Part II The Battle of the Aisne and the Race to the Sea."
(Jan., 1973): 182-92. Barclay's outline of the initial
campaigning is clear, and he makes a few comments concerning
historiographical issues as well.
57 Baring, Maruice. Flying Corps Headquarters, 1914-1918. London: Bell,

1920; rpt. 1968; 1985. Baring spent the first months of the war
as an Royal Flying Corps intelligence officer in France and then
early in 1915 was transferred to the R.F.C. headquarters unit.
His account is overly personal but does provide some
information about operations.
58 Barker, A. J. The West Yorkshire Regiment. London: Leo Cooper, 1974.

Barker's book is short but does incorporate the regiment's
activities in early part of the war, including the Aisne, Aubers,

and Loos. The account is of little value other than to locate the
regiment's battalions.
59 Barker, Ralph. The Royal Flying Corps in France: From Mons to the
Somme. London: Constable, 1994. The importance of aerial
observation became important quickly to the B.E.F., and Barker
provides an overview of the RFC's operations in the first years of
the war.
60 Barnard, L. G. The Leading Pictorial Souvenir of the Great War,

Depicting Especially the Part Played by Canada and the
Canadians. 2 Vols. Montreal: Dodd-Simpson Press, 1914-15.
Only the pictures in this volume retain any value.
61 Barnett, Correlli. The Sword Bearers: Supreme Command in the First

World War. London: Erye and Spottiswoode, 1963; rpt. 1975.
Barnett provides a clear picture of the problems of command that
cost the Germans a victory in 1914. He is particularly critical of
Generals Alexander von Kluck and Karl von Bülow for allowing
a gap between armies that the Allies exploited at Mons.
62 Barrie, Alexander. War Underground: The Tunnellers of the Great War.

London: Muller, 1962; rpt. 1988, 2000. Barrie's account of the
dangerous and dark war of mining in attempts to plant explosives
under enemy positions is stark and vivid. He shows that even
early in the war the B.E.F. was seriously involved in this effort.
63 Barrow, George. The Fire of Life. London: Hutchinson, n.d. Barrow

was Allenby's intelligence officer in France and in his
autobiography reports his contributions to finding out about
enemy activities.
64 Barrow, George. The Life of General Sir Charles Carmichael Monro.

London: Hutchinson, 1931. Barrow does not think he needs to
describe the activities of Monro's units, and although he includes
occasional quotes from the general, the book's value is mostly as
a character sketch. This is unfortunate because a description of
the Second Division's command in 1914-15 would be valuable.
65 Batchelor, Peter and Christopher Matson. VCs of the First World War:
The Western Front, 1915. Thrupp Stroud,: Sutton Publishing,
1997. The authors include seventy-two biographical sketches of
the B.E.F.'s heroes from 1915.
66 Battine, Cecil. A Military History of the War, From the Declaration of

War to the Close of the Campaign of August 1914. London:
Hodder and Stoughton, n.d. Provides a descriptive history of the
first weeks of fighting.
67 Bauer, Max. Der Grosse Krieg im Feld und Heimat. [The Great War on
the Battlefield and at Home.] Tübingen, 1921. Bauer, who
would be a member of Ludendorff's operations staff, is critical of
Moltke's intelligence, which he suggests led to false confidence
in the general. He also discusses Moltke's failure to prevent
rivalry between Generals Kluck and Bülow from compromising
the German effort at the Marne. Bauer's connection to
Ludendorff, who was very critical of his predecessors in
command, makes his criticism suspect, but his comments are
very valuable for gaining an understanding of German
operations. His account of the German introduction of poison
gas on April 15, 1915, is also useful.
68 Baumann, Eberhard. Mit der Garde im Westen. [With the Corps in the
West.] Holle: Richard Mühlmann, 1916. Baumann's personal
narrative of the war supplies information about the German's in
action against the British in 1914-15.
69 Baumgarten-Crusius, Artur. Deutsche Heerführung im Marnefeldzug,

1914. [German Army Leadership in the Battle of the Marne,
1914.] Berlin: August Scherl, 1921. The author provides a
German-oriented consideration of what happened in the Battle of
the Marne.
70 Baumgarten-Crusius, Artur. Die Marneschlacht 1914, insbesondere auf

der front der deutschen dritten armee. [The Battle of the Marne
1914, Especially on the Front of the German Third Army.]
Leipzig: Lippold, 1919. Provides a German general's account of
the battle that ended all possibility of initial victory for the
Central Powers in the West, though the focus is to the east of the
B.E.F.
71 Bayerischer Kriegsarchiv. Die Bayern in Grossen Kriege, 1914-1918.

[The Bavarians in the Great War, 1914-1918.] München:
Bayerischer Kriegsarchiv, 1923 Although the number of
Bavarian units that opposed the B.E.F. in 1914-15 was small, the
paucity of German documentary records makes unit studies
particularly valuable, even when the information is limited.
72 Baynes, John. Far From a Donkey: The Life of General Sir Ivor Maxse.
London: Brassey's, 1995. Maxse commanded the 1st Guards

Brigade during the initial campaign in 1914. His biographer
believes that his outspoken criticism of logistics led to his
transfer to Britain, where he spent the next year training the new
18th Division. A more charitable interpretation is that the
reputation for skill at training, which would be the hallmark of
his career had already been noticed by those above him in
command. Baynes book provides details of his experience as
brigade commander during the early battles.
73 Baynes, John. Morale: A Study of Men and Courage: The Second

Scottish Rifles at the Battle of Neuve Chapelle. London: Cassell,
1967; rpt. 1987. Baynes' in-depth study of a particular unit helps
make clear the problems of fighting on the Western Front.
74 Beattie, Kim. 48th Highlanders of Canada, 1891-1928. Toronto: 48th

Highlanders of Canada, 1932. This regimental history includes
accounts of action in the Ypres Salient in 1915.
75 Beaumont, Harry. Old Contemptible. Edited by A. E. Clark-Kennedy.

London: Hutchinson, 1967. Beaumont, a member of the Queen's
Own Royal West Kent Regiment, went to France at the beginning
of the war. He was separated from his unit during the retreat
from Mons and escaped, with the help of Nurse Edith Cavell's
organization, to Holland. His is an interesting story, but one that
is mostly peripheral to the military history of the B.E.F.
76 Becke, A. F. The Order of Battle of Divisions. 4 Parts. London: His

Majesty's Stationery Office, 1934-35. The details in this work
are very helpful when trying to identify units engaged in a
particular action.
77 Becke, A. F. The Royal Regiment of Artillery at he Cateau. Woolwich:

Royal Artillery Institution, 1919. Becke's detailed analysis
furnishes many details of the battle. He supports Smith-Dorrien's
account of the situation rather than French's.
78 Beckett, Ian F. W. Ed. The Judgement of History: Sir Horace Smith-

Dorrien, Lord French, and 1914. London: Tom Donovan,
1993. Beckett has made a significant contribution by publishing,
with editorial comments, Smith-Dorrien's personal statement to
the Army Council repudiating criticisms made in Lord French's
book 1914. The statement provides considerable evidence that
French misrepresented Smith-Dorrien's handling of his
command, especially at Le Cateau.
79 Beckett, Ian F. W. "Haig and French." In Haig: A Reappraisal 70 Years

On. Ed. by Brian Bond and Nigel Cave. Barnsley: Leo Cooper,
1999. Beckett describes the sources, scholarly and popular, that
have influenced opinions of the generals. He believes the two
were the products of the military system of the time and actually
not so dissimilar.
80 Beckett, Ian F. W. Johnnie Gough, V. C.: A Biography of Brigadier-

General Sir John Edmond Gough, V. C., K. C. B. London: Tom
Donovan, 1989. Gough was normally described as Senior
General Staff Officer in the I Corps of the B.E.F., commanded by
Sir Douglas Haig. He was in practice Chief of Staff. Beckett
does a good job of describing Gough's activities, which is a
particularly valuable contribution because of the paucity of
information about staff work in the B.E.F. His interpretations in
terms of leadership controversies tend to be pro-Haig.
81 Begbie, Harold. Kitchener: Organizer of Victory. Boston: Houghton

Mifflin, 1915. This short biographical sketch is mostly uncritical
and presents Kitchener as the right man for 1914. The author
does suggest that Kitchener could have been more effective in
delegating authority, but otherwise ignores controversies and
criticisms.
82 Belfield, Eversley. The Queen's Dragoon Guards. London: Leo Cooper,

1978. Although brief, this volume does include Mons, Le Cateau
and the Marne.
83 Bell, F. McKelvey. The First Canadians in France; The Chronicle of a

Military Hospital in the War Zone. Toronto: McClelland, Good
Child & Steward, 1917. Although the coverage in this volume
is limited to the period of February through April, 1915, the
descriptions of Canadian troops and others trying to cope with
the horrors of war are powerful.
84 Belloc, Hilaire. The Elements of the Great War. 2 Vols. New York:
Hearst's International Library, 1915-16. Belloc regards the
Marne as the decisive battle of the whole war and the B.E.F.'s
counter-thrust in the middle of the line on September 9 as the
decisive tactical aspect of the battle. As his nationalism is
evident, his arguments must be taken with at least a bit of
caution.
85 Benary, Albert. Das Ehrenbuch der deutschen Feldartillerie. [The

Honor Book of the German Field Artillery.] Berlin: Verlag
Tradition, W. Kolk, 1930. The narrative in this volume includes

discussion of combat involving the B.E.F. and gas attacks on
British forces.
86 Bennett, Arnold. Over There: War Scenes on the Western Front. New
York: A.L.Bart, 1915. Although a personal narrative, Bennett's
observations of the B.E.F. are, at best, superficial, and he says
little about military operations.
87 Berdinner, Harold F. With the Heavies in Flanders. Kingsway: Botolph

Printing Works, 1922. Berdinner was with the 24th Heavy
Battery R.G.A. in Flanders from the first days of the war. The
B.E.F. was at a disadvantage in heavy artillery, and so this
account of it is useful in exploring the problems as the use of
artillery became more sophisticated.
88 Berkeley, Reginald and William Seymour. The History of the Rifle

Brigade in the War of 1914-1918. 3 Vols. London: The Rifle
Brigade, 1927-36. Units of the rifle were at Le Cateau, the
Aisne, Neuve Chapelle, 2nd Ypres, Hooge, and Loos. The
accounts here are mostly descriptive, but do include some
context concerning the campaign situation.
89 Bernhardi, General von. Deutschlands Heldenkampf 1914-1918.

[German's Heroic Struggle, 1914-1918.] München: Lehmann,
1922. All though this is a full account of the war, it is riddled
with errors and pro-German in bias.
90 Best, Thomas. History of the World War. New York: Street and Smith,
1919. Although he gives the B.E.F. due credit, Best regards
Joffire as the real victor of the Battle of the Marne. He focuses
more attention on the B.E.F. in 1915, however, especially in
regard to the gas attack at 2nd Ypres.
91 Bethell, B.A. Modern Guns and Gunnery. Woolwich: Cattermole, 1910.

This pre-war artillery manual provides an understanding of the
initial gunnery doctrine of the B.E.F. and a foundation for
understanding what was learned in the initial years of the war.
92 Bickers, Richard Townshend. The First Great Air War. London: Hodder
and Stoughton, 1988. Despite its relative novelty, the airplane
was an important element in intelligence gathering from the first
days of World War I.
93 Bidou, Henry. Histoire de la Grande Guerre. [History of the Great War.]

Paris: Gallimard, 1936. Bidou's survey is well grounded

factually, but he tends to give short shrift to the role of the B.E.F.
94 Bidwell, Shelford. Gunners at War: A Tactical Study of the Royal

Artillery in the Twentieth Century. London: Arms and Armour,
1970; rpt. 1972. Bidwell confirms the significance of artillery in
World War I, noting particularly its role in saving the day for the
B.E.F. at Le Cateau, where the British artillery confirmed the
necessity of indirect fire.
95 Bidwell, Shelford and Dominick Graham. Fire-Power: British Army

Weapons and Theories of War, 1904-1945. London: Allen and
Unwin, 1982. Provides a valuable analysis of the use of artillery
on the Western Front. The authors argue that traditional ideas
and methods resulted in a failure to make proper use of new
weapons and thus caused the problems of the B.E.F.
96 Binding, Rudolf. Aus dem Kriege. [From the War.] Frankfurt: Rutten &
Loening, 1925; rpt. 1929, 1940; Translation: A Fatalist at War.
Trans, by Ian F. D. Morrow. London: Unwin Brothers, 1928.
Binding served in the Flanders region for most of the war and
comments in his letters about the German situation and gives
impressions of the B.E.F., for instance the horrors of Second
Ypres.
97 Birch, Noel. "Artillery Development in the Great War." Army Quarterly

1 (1920-21): 79-89. Birch shows the state of British artillery in
1914 and the first steps toward it becoming the powerful and
effective arm that was by the last eighteen months.
98 Bircher, Eugen. Die Krisis in der Marneschlacht; Kämpfe der II und III
deutschen Armee gegen die 5 und 9 französische Armee am Petit
Morin und in den Marais de St. Gond. [The Crisis in the Battle
of the Marne; Battles of the 2nd and 3rd German Armies against
the 5th and 9th French Armies at the Petit Morin and in the Marais
de St. Gond.] Bern: Bircher, 1927. Bircher offers a German
perspective on the Battle of the Marne, but his focus is m`ore on
the French than British.
99 Blacklock, Michael. The Royal Scots Greys. London: Leo Cooper,

1971. Brief account including action on the Western Front in
1914-15.
100 Blake F. The 17th/21st Lancers. London: Hamish Hamilton, 1968. This
volume chronicles the activities of a unit particularly
distinguished at Festubert.
101 Blake, Robert. Ed. The Private Papers of Douglas Haig, 1914-1919.
London: Eyre and Spottiswoode, 1952. As presented, Haig's
papers suggest that French was in fact incapable of commanding
the B.E.F. and that Haig was quite skillful in handling the
political aspects of their rivalry, for instance over the handling of
reserves at Loos. Blake, however, used the typed version of
Haig's diary which was apparently revised in the author's favor.
102 Blin, Colonel. De la Marne á la mer du Nord (10 septembre-15

novembre 1914). [From the Marne to the North Sea (10
September-15 November 1914).] Paris: Charles-Lavauzelle,
1934. The maneuvers Blin traces set up the trench system in
which the B.E.F. would fight and die for the next four years.
103 Bloem, Walter. Vormarsch. Leipzig: Grethelein, 1916; Translation:

The Advance from Mons 1914. Translated by G. C. Wynne.
London: Peter Davies, 1930; rpt. 1967. The author, a novelist
before the war, was an officer in the 12th Brandenburg
Grenadiers in III Corps of von Kluck's army in 1914. His vivid
account was written while recovering from wounds suffered in
September, 1914 and provides soldier's observations about Mons
and Le Cateau.
104 Blond, Georges. The Marne. Translated by H. Eaton Hart. London:

Macdonald, 1965; orig. La Marne (1962). Blond's account of
the initial campaign of the war is very readable and clear. He is
overly critical of the B.E.F., however, regarding its battles as
serious defeats and its return to the Marne too slow.
105 Blunden, Edmund. Undertones of War. London: Cobden-Sanderson,

1928; rpt. 1978. Blunden's account of the experience of World
War I is a classic and germane to any study of the trenches.
106 Bolwell, F. A. With a Reservist in France a Personal Account of All the

Engagements in Which the 1st Division 1st Corps Took Part, viz. :
Mons (Including the Retirement), the Marne, the Aisne, First
Battle of Ypres, Neuve Chapelle, Festubert, and Loos. London:
George Routledge & Sons, n.d. Although superficial at times,
this personal narrative does present a significant amount of data
concerning the B.E.F.'s battles.
107 Bond, Brian, Ed. The First World War and British Military History.
Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1991. The essays in this excellent
anthology provide fundamental historiographical information

about many aspects of World War I.
108 Bond, Brian. The Unquiet Western Front: Britain's Role in Literature
and History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002.
Bond's fine overview of how the war has been perceived over
time is an appropriate starting point for any study of it.
109 Bond, Brian. The Victorian Army and the Staff College, 1854-1914.
London: Eyre Methuen, 1972. Although the work is focused on
an earlier period, Bond’s comments about the preparation and
quality of British officers during the first months of the war are
valuable background for understanding the situation.
110 Bond, R. C. History of the King's Own Yorkshire Light Infantry in the
Great War. Vol.3. London: Percy Lund, Humphries, 1929.
The KOYLI was heavily involved in the battles of the B.E.F. in
1914-15, and this volume of the substantial six volume
regimental history supplies extensive descriptions.
111 Bond, R. L. "The 23rd (Field) Company R.E. in the Great War, 1914-
1918." The Royal Engineers Journal 42 (June, 1928): 205-18;
(Sept., 1928): 390-406; (Dec, 1928): 563-80; 43 (March,
1929): 14-29. These articles are part of a serial unit history in
which the work of the engineers--bridging, trench construction,
wiring, etc.--is discussed. Because it is unusual, this is a very
valuable perspective.
112 Bonham-Carter, Victor. The Strategy of Victory, 1914-1918: The Life

and Times of the Master Strategist of World War I: Field-
Marshal Sir William Robertson. [Published in England as Soldier
True.] New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 1963. Bonham-
Carter shows the growth of the connection between Robertson
and Douglas Haig in the early part of the war. He is more
interested in the military/political connections that the two
eventually used to control strategy, but he does describe the early
battles, generally taking Haig's part.
113 Booth, P. The Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry.

London: Leo Cooper, 1971. Part of a series of brief regimental
histories, this volume offers only an overview of activity in
World War I.
114 Boraston, J. H. and E. O. Bax. The Eighth Division in War, 1914-1918.

London: Medici Society, 1926. The 8th was the last of the
regular divisions that crossed the Channel in 1914, and it took

Neuve Chapelle. The authors provide a clear and detailed
description of that fight, but beyond praising the division make
no general evaluation of the situation.
115 Bordeau, Henry. Général Maistre. Paris: Crés, 1923. This biography is
useful for the study of the B.E.F. because Maistre's corps was
next to the British at La Bassée in 1914 and again at Loos in
1915.
116 Boucherie, Colonel. Historique du Corps de Cavalerie Sordet. [History

of Sordet's Cavalry Corps.] Paris: Charles-Lavauzelle, 1923.
Sordet's corps helped cover the B.E.F. during the retreat after
Mons. Although he was relieved, he tells the tale without
bitterness, asserting that his failures were due to attempting too
much and wearing out his horses.
117 Boullaire, Général. Historique du 2e. Corps de Cavalerie du 1er. octobre

1914 au 1er. janvier 1919. [History of the 2nd Cavalry Corps
from 1st October 1914 to the 1st January 1919.] Paris: Charles-
Lavauzelle, 1923. The 2nd Corps cooperated with the B.E.F. at
the Aisne and La Bassée and then filled the gap between the
British II and III Corps at Armentières.
118 Bourget, J.-M. Les Origines de la Victoire: Histoire Raisonnée de la

Guerre Mondiah. [The Origins of Victory: Analytical History of
the World War.] Paris: La Renaissance du Livre, n.d. Bourget
provides a through account of the Battle of the Marne and some
observations about Ypres in 1914. His focus is more the French
than the British army, but that point-of-view helps set the B.E.F.'s
operations in context.
119 Bourne, J. M. Britain and the Great War 1914-1918. London: Edward
Arnold, 1989. Bourne does a very good job of reviewing both
the military and domestic aspects of World War I. His portrayal
of the B.E.F. in 1914-15 is clear and informative.
120 Bourne, John. "Haig and the Historians." In Haig: A Reappraisal 70

Years On. Ed. by Brian Bond and Nigel Cave. Barnsley: Leo
Cooper, 1999. Bourne believes that although Haig clearly had
flaws, his reputation has been overly blackened by historians.
121 Bowden, W. G. Abercynon to Flanders and Back. Risca: Strling Press,

1984. Bowden served with the 4th (Denbighshire) Battalion of the
Royal Welch Fusiliers, which was attached to the 1st Division and
later the 47th (London) Division in France. He describes his

experiences in action during the first years of the war.
122 Bowyer, Chaz. For Valour. London: William Kimber, 1978; rpt. 1992.
Although Bowyer's focus is really on heroics in the air, he does
give a sense of the significance of aviation to the efforts of the
B.E.F.
123 Boyd, William. With a Field Ambulance at Ypres: Being Letters Written
March 7th to August 15th, 1915. London: George H. Doran,
1916. Much of Boyd's account concerns life behind the B.E.F.
lines, though often close enough to be under artillery fire. His
comments about dealing with the wounded, at Second Ypres for
instance, are eloquent and moving.
124 Brander, Michael. The 10th Royal Hussars (1915-1969). London: Leo
Cooper, 1969. Although too brief to be of great value, this book
does include an account of action in 1914-15.
125 Braun, Julius Ritter von. Das k.b. Reserve-Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 21.
[The k. b. Reserve-Infantry-Regiment No. 21.] München:
Bayerisches Kriegsarchiv, 1923. This regiment opposed the
British in early battles of the war and was involved in gas attacks
on the B.E.F. in 1915.
126 Bredin, A. E. C. A History of the Irish Soldier. Belfast: Century Books,

1987. In Bredin's chapter about World War I the activities of
units from Irish regiments with the B.E.F. are outlined.
127 Brereton, F. S. The Great War and the R.A.M.C. London: Constable,
1919. This book was intended to be the first volume of a popular
medical history of the war and covers the first few weeks (from
the Battle of Mons to the Battle of the Aisne). Although the
movement of R.A.M.C. units is followed in detail, the author
often fails to tie the situation of medical units to the larger
tactical picture.
128 Brereton, F. S. and A. C. S. Savory. The History of the Duke of

Wellington's Regiment (West Riding) 1702-1992. Wesley Park,
Halifax: Duke of Wellington's Regiment, 1993. Although the
authors cover too much to be thorough, they do follow the
regiment's units through the battles of 1914-15.
129 Brereton, J. M. A History of the Royal Regiment of Wales (24/41st Foot)

1689-1989. Cardiff: Royal Regiment of Wales, 1989. The
effort to cover 300 years means that this regiment's distinguished

history in the B.E.F. can be given only limited attention.
130 Brett, G. A. A History of the 2nd Battalion The Monmouthshire Regiment.

Pontypool: Hughes & Son, The Griffin Press, 1933. Provides
some account of mining and then 2nd Ypres.
131 Brice, Beatrice. The Battle Book of Ypres. London: John Murray, 1927;
rpt. 1988. Originally a memorial, this compilation of soldiers'
detailed stories includes events in the Ypres Salient throughout
the war. The compiler's organization by specific location and
date makes it a very convenient refernce for details of operations.
132 Brice, Beatrice. The Immortal Salient: An Historical Record and

Complete Guide for Pilgrims to Ypres. London: John Murray,
1925. Although prepared for tourists, the inclusion of much
historical narrative makes this little volume a valuable
introduction to the battlefield.
133 Bridge, F. Maynard. A Short History of the Great World War. 2nd
Edition. London: H.F.W. Deane & Sons-The Year Book Press,
1920. Bridge provides a clear description of the military
situation, and is quite approving of the B.E.F. Despite the pro-
British inclination, the book is a good introduction to the
campaigns of the B.E.F.
134 Bridger, Geoffrey. Neuve Chapelle. Barnesly: Leo Cooper, 2000.

Although a tourist guide, this volume includes a fairly extensive
historical account of the fighting in the Neuve Chapelle area and
a detailed geographical description of it.
135 Bridges, Tom. Alarms and Excursions: Reminiscences of a Soldier.

London: Longmans, Green, 1938. Bridges saw some action at
Mons, where he launched one of the few cavalry charges of the
war, and Le Cateau. He was then sent to Antwerp and did liaison
work with the Belgians. His account is colorful and gives a
picture of attitudes and problems at the beginning of the war.
136 A Brief Outline of the Story of the Canadian Grenadier Guards and the
First Months of the Royal Montreal Regiment in the Great War.
Montreal: Gazette Printing Co., 1926. Although this version is
short, it does include verse and sarcasm from the soldiers.
137 Bristow, Adrian. A Serious Disappointment: The Battle of Aubers Ridge,

1915 and the Subsequent Munitions Scandal. London: Leo
Cooper, 1995. Bristow's chronicle of the battle is thorough and

readable, but scholars will be frustrated by his tendency to refer
to and even quote partially identified sources, which are not
included in his bibliography.
138 Brophy, John. Ed. The Soldier's War, A Prose Anthology. London: J.
M. Dent, 1929. Although the entries in this collection include
fiction, there are also first-hand accounts of the Ypres Salient
during the first two years of the war.
139 Brown, Fredric J. Chemical Warfare: A Study in Restraints. Princeton:

Princeton University Press, 1968. Although Brown's interests are
the future and America, he does an excellent summary of the
development of gas warfare in World War I.
140 Brown, Ian Malcolm. British Logistics on the Western Front, 1914-1919.
Westport: Praeger, 1998. Brown argues that logistics and
administration have been ignored in the traditional focus on
generalship and slaughter and more recently on operational
issues. In reality the B.E.F. could not have become a powerful
modern force without superior logistics and administration. He
has done an excellent job of sustaining his view.
141 Brown, Malcolm. The Imperial War Museum Book of the Western Front.
London: Sidgwick & Jackson in Association with the Imperial
War Museum, 1993. Drawing heavily from the Imperial War
Museum's extensive collection of unpublished memoirs and
letters, Brown has done a superior job of giving the point-of-view
of the soldiers on the Western Front.
142 Brown, Malcolm. Tommy Goes to War. London: J. M. Dent, 1978; rpt.
1986, 1999. This heavily illustrated volume is quite valuable for
gaining an understanding of what soldiers faced in living and
fighting on the Western Front.
143 Brown, Malcolm and Shirley Seaton. Christmas Truce: The Western
Front December 1914. London: Leo Cooper/Secker &
Warburg, 1984; rpt. 1994. In 1914 Christmas Eve brought an
unofficial truce and that evening and at times during the next day
men from the two sides met in no man's land and exchanged
small items as gifts. This reputedly began with Germans and
men of the B.E.F. singing carols to one another. Such activities
were firmly repressed thereafter.
144 Brownlow, C. A. L. The Breaking of the Storm. London: Methuen,

1918. Brownlow, who served in the ammunition column of the

3rd Division, describes his experiences during the retreat from
Mons, the advance to the Aisne, and the move to Flanders.
145 Bruce, Anthony. An Illustrated Companion to the First World War.

London: Michael Joseph, 1989. Bruce's short encyclopedia-like
entries make this a handy reference for checking facts about the
war.
146 Bruce, C.D. History of the Duke of Wellington's Regiment, 1881-1923.

London: Medici Society, 1927. Bruce includes particulars of
battalions of the regiment at Mons, the Marne, and some other
battles of the B.E.F. in 1914-15.
147 Bryant, Arthur. Jackets of Green: A Study of the History, Philosophy,

and Character of the Rifle Brigade. London: Collins, 1972.
Provides details of the Rifle Brigade as part of the B.E.F. and
particularly at Second Ypres.
148 Buchan, John. The History of the Royal Scots Fusiliers (1679-1918).
London: Thomas Nelson, 1925. Although Scots Fusiliers were
active at a number of the battles of 1914-15, Buchan's attempt to
trace the regiment over nearly 300 years results in rather limited
coverage.
149 Buchan, John. Nelson's History of the War. 24 vols. London: Thomas
Nelson and Sons, 1915-19; also published in 4 Vols. as History
of the Great War (1921-22). Buchan a novelist and Director of
Information for the British Government during the war, is
eloquent but not necessarily accurate. The four volume version
was revised, but remains untrustworthy.
150 Bucholz, Arden. Moltke, Schlieffen, and Prussian War Planning. New
York: Berg, 1991. This well-researched volume ties planning
and operations together very effectively, showing German
expectation from the initial campaigns.
151 Buckland, Reginald U. H. "Demolitions Carried Out at Mons During the

Retreat, 1914." The Royal Engineers Journal. 46 (March,
1932): 18-39; (June, 1932): 220-251. Buckland explains that
the B.E.F., having had no reason to think that it would be
retreating, had no plans for demolition. The result was last
minute efforts to blow bridges, often in the presence of German
forces. His descriptions are technical but clear.
152 Bülow, Karl Paul Wilhelm von. Mein Bericht zur Marneschlacht. [My
Report of the Marne Battle.] Berlin: A. Scherl, 1919. The
commander of the second army, that with the first, formed the
outer wing of German forces in the Schlieffen Plan, gives his
version of events in which he has at times been accused of being
over cautious.
153 Burnett, C. The Memoirs of the 18th (Queen Mary's Own) Royal Hussars,
1906-1922. Winchester: Warren, 1922. Includes records of
units involved in several of the 1914-15 battles, especially Mons,
the Marne, and the Aisne in 1914.
154 Burrows, A. R. The 1st Battalion the Faugh-A-Ballaghs in the Great War.
Aldershot: Gale & Polden, n.d. Burrows's descriptions are lively
and include coverage of Le Cateau, the Aisne, Armentiéres, and
2nd Ypres. He includes an account of Private Robert Morrow
who won a V.C. for rescuing wounded men while mortally
wounded himself.
155 Burrows, John W. The Essex Regiment. 6 Vols. Southend-on-Sea: John

H. Burrows & Sons, 1923-1935. Burrows' account is a solid
factual description, but his organization of information around
battalions, makes it difficult to follow the events of a complete
battle. He does have useful accounts of individual's activities.
156 Burton, F. N. and A. P. Comyns. The War Diary (1914-18) 10th (Service)
Battalion Royal Welch Fusiliers. Plymouth: William Brendon
and Sons, 1926. Includes accounts of the first year of the war.
157 Busemann, Wilhelm. Reserve-Ersatz-Regiment nr. 3; im Auftrage der

Kameradschaft ehemaliger Angehöriger des Res.-Ers. Regts. 3.
[Reserve Regiment No. 3; In Honor of Members of the
Regiment.] Oldenburg: Stalling, 1925. This German regiment
opposed the B.E.F., and was involved in the use of poison gas
against British forces in 1915.
158 Butler, P. R. A Galloper at Ypres and Some Subsequent Adventures.

London: Fisher Unwin, 1920. Butler provides a first hand
account of service with the 7th Division at 2nd Ypres.
159 Buxton, Andrew R. Andrew R. Buxton, the Rifle Brigade, A Memoir.

Edited by Edward S. Woods. London: Robert Scott, 1918.
Buxton arrived in France in July, 1915, and describes in some
detail the experience of learning to function as a junior officer on
the Western Front.
160 Caffrey, Kate. Farewell, Leicester Square: The Old Contemptibles 12

August-19 November 1914. London: André Deutsch, 1980.
Caffrey's prose is clear and readable, but beyond admiration for
the B.E.F., she offers little interpretation. Scholars will be
frustrated by her frequent references to uncited sources, which
are often not even included in the short bibliography.
161 Caldwell, M. R. "History of the 12th Company Royal Engineers." The

Royal Engineers Journal 38 (Dec., 1924): 667-78. This
article, part of a series, covers the unit's experiences on the
Western Front from 1914 to 1917. The discussions of trench
preparation, mining, and sapping certainly add to an
understanding of the B.E.F.'s situation.
162 Callwell, C. E. Experiences of a Dug-Out, 1914-1918. New York: E. P.

Dutton, n.d. Callwell, who was Director of Military Operations,
provides a look inside the War Office during the first months of
the war and comments on the organisational and logistical
problems of the B.E.F.
163 Callwell, C. E. Field Marshal Sir Henry Wilson: His Life and Diaries.
2 Vols. London: Cassell, 1927. Wilson was Director of Military
Operations at the beginning of the war and in 1915 became
liaison to the French command. He was involved in much of the
planning and decision making for the B.E.F. His diaries provide
many observations.
164 Callwell, C. E. The Life of Sir Stanley Maude. Boston: Houghton

Mifflin, 1920. Although dated, Callwell's biography does
provide factual information about Maude activity as a staff
officer with the 3rd Corps of the B.E.F. and later as commander
of the 14th brigade, before the was detached for service in the
Dardanelles.
165 Callwell, C. E. The Tactics of To-day. 2nd Edition. Edinburgh: William

Blackwell, 1909. Callwell's manual of tactics illustrates the ideas
that the B.E.F. carried to France in 1914.
166 Cameron, James. 1914. New York: Rinehart, 1959. Cameron's broad-
brush portrayal of Britain in 1914 includes the opening of the
war and provides an effective introduction to the first months of
the war.
167 Cameron, Kenneth. History of No 1 General Hospital Canadian

Expeditionary Force, 1914-1919. Sackville: Tribune Press,
1938. Cameron's report of Canadian medical service is extensive

and detailed. It is generally good background and has a section
specifically concerning the Battle of Loos.
168 Camon, Général. L'Effondrement du plan Allemand en septembre 1914.

[The Collapse of the German Plan in September 1914.] Paris:
Berger-Levrault, 1925. This account of the defeat of the
Germans includes the activity of the B.E.F. at the Marne.
169 Canada. Historical Section, Army Headquarters. Narrative on the

Formation and Operation of the First Canadian Division to the
Second Battle of Ypres. Ottawa: King's Printer, 1920. This
account is valuable mostly for its inclusion of army records.
170 Canadian War Records Office. Canada in Khaki. 3 Vols. London:

Pictorial Newspapers Co., 1917-19. Although the text in these
volumes has little value, the numerous illustrations offer
contemporary images of the CEF and its experiences in France.
171 Canadian War Records Office. The Canadian War Pictorial. 4 Vols.
London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1916-19. These volumes
contain official photographs with narratives of the C.E.F.
172 Canadian War Records Office. Thirty Canadian VCs: 23 April 1915 to
30th March 1918. London: Skeffington, 1918. This volume
includes biographical sketches of Canadian heroes in the battles
of 1915.
173 Canonge, Gen. La Bataille de la Marne. [The Battle of the Marne.]

Paris: Chapelot, 1929. Canoge describes the battle, including
the role of the B.E.F.
174 Carew, Tim. The Glorious Glosters. London: Leo Cooper, 1970. Brief
regimental history with some particulars of the Gloucestershire
Regiment's battalions on the Western Front.
175 Carew, Tim. Wipers: The First Battle of Ypres. London: Hamish
Hamilton, 1974. Carew's portrayal is drawn from accounts by
common soldiers and offers a vivid glimpse of the early
experiences of the B.E.F.
176 Carew, Tim. The Vanished Army. London: William Kimber, 1964; rpt.
1971. Carew's description of original units in the B.E.F., which
were virtually destroyed by the end of 1914, is detailed and
enlivened by numerous tales of individuals. Unfortunately, there
is enough of the steely-eyed, square-jawed, chivalric Briton

versus the slavering, monstrous Hun in the book that it cannot be
accepted without some caution.
177 Carnock, Lord. The History of the 15th King's Hussars, 1914-1922.
Gloucester: Crypt House Press, 1932. Carnock provides a
narrative of cavalry's role in the early months of the war and
some comment about logistical problems.
178 Carrothers, John Samuel. Memoirs of a Young Lieutenant, 1898-1917.

Edited by D. S. Carrothers. Ireland: D.S. Carrothers, Print
Factory, 1991. Part of this short collection of letters was written
from the Western Front.
179 Carstairs, Carroll. A Generation Is Missing. London: Heinemann, 1930;

rpt. 1989. This bitter personal account includes a powerful
description of the Battle of Loos.
180 Cartier, Raymond et Jean-Pierre. La première Guerre Mondiale. [The

First World War.] 2 Vols. Paris: Presses de la Cité, 1982-84.
Typically for Frenchmen, these authors understate the role of the
B.E.F. in the early years of the war.
181 Carver, Michael. Ed. The War Lords: Military Commanders of the
Twentieth Century. London: George Weidenfeld and Nicolson,
1976. Provides biographical sketches Haig, Allenby, Joffre, and
Foch all of whom played important roles in 1914. Each sketch
is written by a major scholar.
182 Cary, A. D. L., Stouppe McCance, and C. H. Dudley Ward. Regimental

Records of the Royal Welch Fusiliers. 4 Vols. London: Forster
Groom for the Royal United Service Institution, 1921-29. The
Welch Fusiliers were represented at virtually all of the battles in
1914-1915. The authors provide details of the action, but rarely
venture beyond factual accounts.
183 Cary, G. V. and H. S. Scott. An Outline History of the Great War.

Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1928. This study is
readable and creditable.
184 Casey, Edward. The Misfit Soldier: Edward Casey's War Story, 1914-
1932. Edited by Joanna Bourke. Cork, Ireland: Cork University
Press, 1999. Casey's descriptions of life on the Western Front
are gritty and seem unusually straight forward. A member of the
Royal Dublin Fusiliers, he was only in France for a short period
in the first years of the war. The published version of his diary
is best for background to the military situation.
185 Cassar, George. Beyond Courage: The Canadians at the Second Battle
of Ypres. Ottawa: Oberon Press, 1985. Cassar's study is
thorough and detailed, but lacks adequate context for fully
understanding the Canadian contribution to the overall Battle of
Ypres.
186 Cassar, George H. Kitchener: Architect of Victory. London: William

Kimber, 1977. Casser's account of Kitchener as Secretary of
War is extensive and detailed. He portrays Kitchener as
generally correct in his understanding of the war, and credits him
with keeping the B.E.F. in the line when Sir John French was
ready to pull out, thus making the Marne success possible.
187 Cassar, George H. Kitchener's War: British Strategy from 1914-1916.

London: Brassey's, 2004. Cassar highlights Kitchener's role in
developing British understanding of the realities of the war and
preparing to fight in the emerging new warfare. He builds on his
biography of Kitchener.
188 Cassar, George H. The Tragedy of Sir John French. Newark: The
University of Delaware Press, 1985. Cassar recounts French’s
career, but his volume is largely focused on World War I. He
acknowledges many good points in French, such as his qualities
of personal leadership, but does not regard him as up to the task
of leading the B.E.F. in 1914.
189 Cave, Nigel. Hill 60: Ypres. London: Pen and Sword, 1998. Although
a visitor's guide, this volume describes the fortifications of the
strategic Hill 60 and the German gas attack there in 1915.
190 Cave, Nigel. Mons. London: Leo Cooper, 1999. This visitor's guide
includes quite a bit of historical information along with
descriptions of the area of the battle. It is a good introduction.
191 Cave, Nigel. Ypres, Sanctuary Wood and Hooge. London; Leo Cooper,
1993. One of a series of very good guidebooks, this volume
provides background concerning the area in which First and
Second Ypres were fought and an outline of events.
192 Channing-Renton, E. M. History of the 1st D.C.L.I., 1914. NP: Studies

Publications, 1924. Although very short, this book does provide
some details of the Duke of Cornwall's Light Infantry at Mons,
Le Cateau, the Marne, the Aisne, and La Bassée.
193 Chapin, Harold. Soldier and Dramatist, Being the Letters of Harold
Chapin American Citizen Who Died for England at Loos on
September 26th 1915. London: John Lane, The Bodley Head,
1917. Chapin describes his experiences as an enlisted man and
noncommissioned officer in the RAMC.
194 Chapman, Guy, ed. Vain Glory: A Miscellany of the Great War. London:
Cassell, 1937; 2nd ed. 1968. Chapman's collection evokes the
experience and horror of the war very effectively but lacks
context. The account of the gas attack in April, 1915, is
particularly vivid.
195 Chapman, John, et al. Responding to the Call: The Kitchener Battalions
of the Royal Berkshire Regiment at the Battle of Loos 1915. NP:
Dept. of Extended Education (Extramural Studies Section),
University of Reading, 1995. This pamphlet supplies personal
narratives of soldiers of the 5th and 8th battalions of the Royal
Berkshire Regiment who fought at Loos and a description of the
battle.
196 Charteris, John. At G.H.Q. London: Cassell, 1931. Charteris provides

detailed daily accounts of service on Haig's staff and thus a
portrayal of the B.E.F. from the level of corps command. His
reverence for Haig is quite strong.
197 Charteris, John. Field Marshal Earl Haig. London: Cassell, 1929.
Charteris, Haig's intelligence officer, is very supportive of his
chief. He finds no fault with Haig's performance in 1914, and
defends him regarding his disputes with French in 1915 that
ultimately led to Haig becoming commander-in-chief.
198 Charteris, John. Haig. New York: Macmillan, 1933. Short, descriptive,
eulogistic biography.
199 Chasseaud, Peter. Topography of Armageddon. London: Mapbooks,

1991. Chasseaud's trench maps and comments about the
significance of the ground are useful background.
200 Chevrillon, André England and the War, 1914-1915. Garden City :
Doubleday, 1917. This volume is a collection of articles from
the Revue de Paris, and was published in an effort to encourage
American support for the Allies.
201 Chisholm, Cecil. Sir John French: An Authentic Biography. London:

Herbert Jenkins, 1915. This is an extremely laudatory biography
with an, at best, superficial account of the 1914 campaign.
202 Christie, N. M. Gas Attack!: The Canadians at Ypres, 1915. Nepean,

Ont.: CEF Books, 1998. Although only a pamphlet, this work
is a clear and well-organized introduction to the battle. It does,
however, tend to lack context.
203 Churchill, Winston S. The World Crisis. 5 Vols. London: Thornton

Butterworth, 1923-27. Churchill combines unusual eloquence
with an insider's knowledge. Although he is tendentious at times,
his volumes remain major sources for the study of any World
War I topic. There are numerous reprints of The World Crisis.
204 Chute, Arthur H. The Real Front. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1918.
Chute's descriptions of the artillery are meticulous, but the rest of
his comments are much more speculative.
205 Clapham, H. S. Mud and Khaki: The Memories of an Incomplete

Soldier. London: Hutchinson, 1930. This memoir by a member
of the Honourable Artillery Company has an eloquent description
of the bombardment at the battle of Neuve Chapelle, and other
combat around Ypres.
206 Clark, Alan. The Donkeys. London: Hutchinson, 1961. Clark's focus is
British command in 1915, especially at Neuve Chapelle, 2nd
Ypres, Aubers Ridge, and Loos. His title makes clear his opinion
of the generals involved, but his opinion that they were
destructively rigid and ignorant has been strongly questioned.
Unfortunately Clark tends to exaggeration, and his book has
some factual errors.
207 Clarke, David. The Angel of Mons: Phantom Soldiers and Ghostly
Guardians. Chichester: Wiley, 2004. The supposed
supernatural intervention at Mons is, of course, a myth, but it be
came quite a symbol to the B.E.F. and to people on the
homefront. As such it is worth some attention when studying the
B.E.F.
208 Clayton, C. P. The Hungry One. Llandysul: Gomer Press, 1978.

Clayton, with the 1st Battalion of the Welch Regiment, describes
the gas and then being wounded at 2nd Ypres and then a second
wound at Loos.
209 Clayton, P. B. Plain Tales From Flanders. London: Longmans, 1929.

Clayton's account of life in the war is moving and powerful, He
served with the Buffs for a year starting in October, 1914 and
was then batman with a chaplain for the rest of the war. His
book is mostly vignettes, unfortunately not always with
indications of time and place.
210 Clowes, Peter. "Fire Over Mons." Military History 18 (August, 2001):
58-65. Clowes' offers an abbreviated but clear outline of the
B.E.F.'s first encounter of the war.
211 Coate, Les. Ypres, 1914-1918. Brighton: Tressell, 1982. This short
work, little more than a pamphlet, is for students, but it does
cover the battles in the Salient in 1914-15.
212 Cole, Christopher. Ed. Royal Flying Corps Communiques, 1915-1916.

London: William Kimber, 1969; rpt. 1990. The growing
importance of air power, makes this convenient source of
primary records of the R.F.C. particularly valuable.
213 Coleman, Frederic. From Mons to Ypres with General French. London:
Sampson Low, Marston, 1916. Coleman, an American member
of the Royal Automobile Club, volunteered himself and his car
for war service. Along with twenty-five others he was sent to
France, and spent most of the first year of the war driving
officers and others in the war zone. He was often on the fringes
of combat. His observations, based on notes, taken at the time
are detailed and extensive.
214 Colin, Gen. La Division de Fer. [The Iron Division.] Paris: Payot,
1929. Colin's description of Ferdinand Foch's original command
adds to the understanding of the early battles of the war,
especially the Marne.
215 Collier, Basil. Brasshat: A Biography of Field-Marshall Sir Henry

Wilson. London: Secker & Warburg, 1961. In 1914-15 Wilson
was Director of Military Operations and then liaison officer with
the French army. Collier provides a clear and detailed account
of his work at these high levels of command and of the
politicking for which Wilson was quite well-known.
216 Collier's Photographic History of the European War, Including Sketches

and Drawings Made on the Battle Fields. New York: Collier,
1916. Provides a variety of pictures of the Western Front.
217 Collinson, C. S. The 11th Royal Warwick, in France 1915-16.

Birmingham: Cornish Bros., 1928. The 11th Warwicks arrived
on the Western Front in March, 1915, and were broken up due to
extensive casualties for replacements the next year. The
battalion history offers insights into the devastation suffered by
units of the B.E.F. in the first years of the war.
218 Columban, Dame M. The Irish Nuns at Ypres. Edited by R. Barry

O'Brien. London: Smith Elder, 1915. Eye-witness account from
a small community of Benedictine nuns near Ypres who observed
the German invasion, the coming of the B.E.F., and were
eventually evacuated to England for their own safety.
219 Committee of Officers Who Served with the Battalion. The War History
of the Sixth Battalion the South Staffordshire Regiment (T.F.).
London: William Heinemann, 1924. Provides a substantial
account of action at Hill 60.
220 Congreve, Billy. Armageddon Road: A VC's Diary, 1914-1916. Edited

by Terry Norman. London: William Kimber, 1982. Congreve,
a general's son, was a better than average young officer with an
eye for salient details. He served with the Rifle Brigade, mostly
in the Ypres area.
221 Conneau, Général. Historique des corps de cavalerie commandés par le

general Conneau du 14 août 1914 au 2 mars 1917. [History of
the Cavalry Command of General Conneau from 14 August 1914
to 2 March 1917.] Paris: Charles-Lavauzell, 1924. Conneau's
forces covered the B.E.F. at both the Aisne and the Marne. This
short volume has little more than background regarding the
British.
222 Cook, Hugh C. B. The North Staffordshire Regiment. London: Leo

Cooper, 1970. Part of a series of very short regimental histories,
this book has a few pages concerning the Staffords as part of the
6th Division and with the B.E.F. starting September 12, 1914.
223 Cook, Tim. No Place to Run: The Canadian Corps and Gas Warfare in
the First World War. Vancouver: University of British
Columbia Press, 1999. A truly superior work, No Place to Run
offers new insights into the significance and extent of poison gas
in the war and to the history of the Canadian participation.
224 Cooke, O. A. The Canadian Military Experience 1867-1983: A

Bibliography. 3rd ed. Ottawa: Directorate of History,
Department of National Defense, 1997. Cooke's bibliography is

extensive and includes a significant number of items concerning
World War I.
225 Cooksley, Peter G. VCs of the First World War: The Air VCs. Thrupp
Stroud: Sutton, 1996; rpt. 1999. The biographical sketches in
this volume relate the experiences of five heroic flyers fighting
in support of the B.E.F. in 1915.
226 Cooper, Alfred Duff. Haig. 2 Vols. London: Faber and Faber, 1935-36.
Duff Cooper is too uncritically supportive of Haig to make his
conclusions of much significance, but he does include significant
extracts from the typed version of Haig's diary. Although this
version was revised when prepared from the handwritten
original, the extracts are useful for gaining an understanding of
Haig's ideas.
227 Coppard, George. With a Machine Gun to Cambrai. London: Her

Majesty's Stationery Office, 1969. Coppard was a private with
the 6th Battalion, Queen's Royal West Surrey Regiment and
tended to be very critical of officers who sent men into hopeless
situations. He provides a good description of the Battle of Loos
and blames failure entirely on French's failure to put reserve
forces near enough to the line of battle for prompt use at the
crucial moment.
228 Corbett-Smith, A. The Marne--and After. London: Cassell, 1917. The

author was with the Royal Field Artillery but despite being first
hand, his account is superficial and histrionic.
229 Corbett-Smith, A. The Retreat From Mons by One Who Shared in It.
London: Cassell, 1916. The author, an officer with the Royal
Field Artillery, offers detailed but often superficial descriptions
of the retreat. His book is of value only for the odd detail.
230 Corda, H. La Guerre Mondiale, 1914-18, [The World War, 1914-18.]

Paris: Librairie Chapelot, 1922. Corda is concise but offers
nothing novel concerning the B.E.F.
231 Corrigan, Gordon. Sepoys in the Trenches: The Indian Corps on the
Western Front, 1914-1915. Staplehurst: Spellmont, 1999.
Corrigan discusses the performance of Indian troops thoughtfully
and gives credit to their great efforts.
232 Cowley, Robert. "Massacre of the Innocents." MHQ: The Quarterly

Journal of Military History. 10 (Spring, 1998): 38-43.

Crowley's discussion of the legend that youthful German soldiers
stormed British positions during First Ypres concludes that
although there is a germ of truth in the story, it is mostly
nationalistic propaganda that endured because of its use by the
Nazis.
233 Craig, Grace Morris. But This Is Our War. Toronto: University of
Toronto Press, 1981. This memoir is built around letters among
the Morris family of Pembroke, Canada. There are comments
and observations regarding the Western Front, but much of the
material is personal.
234 Craster, J. M. Ed. 'Fifteen Rounds a Minute': The Grenadiers at War,

August to December 1914. London: Macmillan, 1976. Craster
built this book around the diary of George Darell "Ma" Jeffreys
but filled it out with excepts from other diaries and sources. He
also added judicial editorial comment to provide context and
explanation. The result is an excellent depiction of the first
months of the war from the soldier's (mostly officer's)
perspective.
235 Creagh, O'Moore, and E.M. Humphris. Eds. The VC and DSO. 3 Vols.
London: Standard Art Book Co., n.d. Listing of every winner of
the VC and DSO from the Crimean War to the end of World War
I with biographical sketches and photos.
236 Cremers, Paul Joseph and Karl Bartz. Die Marneschlacht eine deutsche
Tragödie. [The Battle of the Marne A German Tragedy.]
Stuttgart: Cotta, 1933. The authors submit a German slant
concerning the key Battle of the Marne, but do not focus on the
role of the B.E.F.
237 Crew, Graeme. The Royal Army Service Corps. London: Leo Cooper,
1970. This brief volume gives background to the logistical effort
of the B.E.F. It is a subject about which far too little has been
written.
238 Croft, W. D. Three Years with the 9th (Scottish) Division. London: John
Murray, 1919. Although his account is largely superficial, Croft
does supply some details of living-conditions in the Ypres Salient
during 1915.
239 Crookenden, Arthur. The History of the Cheshire Regiment in the Great
War. 2nd Ed. Chester: W. H. Evans & Sons, n. d. Many of the
B.E.F.'s battles are covered in this volume, particularly Mons, Le

Cateau, the Aisne, La Bassée, 1st and 2nd Ypres, and Loos.
Although the focus is narrow and factual, the inclusion of
sometimes lengthy accounts by participants makes the volume
more valuable.
240 Crosse, R. B. A Short History of the Oxfordshire and Buckingham Light

Infantry, 1741-1922. Aldershot: Gale & Polden, 1925.
Although too short to provide really significant information, this
volume does introduce the regiment's involvement in World War
I, including 1914-15.
241 Cru, Jean Norton. Témoins. [Witnesses.] Paris: Les Etincelles, 1929.
This study of eyewitness accounts of World War I included more
than 300 examples. It was published in a modified and shortened
version as Du Témoignage. Paris: Librairie Gallimard, 1931;
and in English as War Books: A Study in Historical Criticism.
Translated and edited by Stanley J. Pincetl, Jr. and Ernest
Marchand. San Diego: San Diego State University Press, 1976.
Cru's analysis of personal accounts from diaries to
autobiographical novels is powerful and deserves attention even
though the number of French accounts of the B.E.F. is low.
242 Cruttwell, C. R. M. F. A History of the Great War. Oxford: Oxford

University, 1934; 2nd Ed. 1936. Cruttwell's is one of the better
histories of the war. He is moderate in his assessment of the
problems of the B.E.F. and the failure of its leaders to deal with
them.
243 Cruttwell, C. R. M. F. The Role of British Strategy in the Great War.

Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1936. British
involvement in the early part of the war was, of course, quite
limited. Cruttwell argues, however, that John French's efforts
saved the Channel ports making possible the subsequent British
participation. Not only did the B.E.F. save France in 1914, but
its efforts also gained the time needed to mobilize the potential
of the empire and for economic aid from America. Although he
acknowledges the importance of concentrating on France to stop
the initial German assault, Cruttwell regrets that Britain did not
put more emphasis on its traditional naval strategy while
encouraging innovations such as the tank so that surprises like
that at Cambrai in 1917 could have happened a year or even two
sooner. His book is a valuable and thoughtful analysis.
244 Cuneo, John R. Winged Mars, II: The Air Weapon, 1914-1916. Vol.2.
Harrisburg: Military Service Publishing, 1947. Cuneo's

extensive and elaborate study is a valuable contribution to the
literature concerning the air war.
245 Cunliffe, Marcus. The Royal Irish Fusiliers, 1793-1950. Oxford: Oxford
University Press, 1952. Cunliffe furnishes reports on battalions
of the Royal Irish Fusiliers in action from early in the war, and
especially at Le Cateau and the Marne. His book is well done.
246 Currie, J. A. "The Red Watch" With the First Canadian Division in
Flanders. Toronto: McClelland, Goodchild & Stewart, 1916.
Currie served as commander of the 15th Battalion in the CEF, and
gives eyewitness testimony about the Ypres Salient in 1915. He
offers some defense against charges that he panicked and
removed himself from immediate danger during Second Ypres.
247 Curry, Frederick. C. From the St. Lawrence to the Yser With the 1st
Canadian Brigade. Toronto: McClelland, Goodchild &
Stewart, 1916. Curry's personal narrative of involvement in the
CEF includes the struggle in the Ypres Salient, though he was in
reserve during the major battles of 1915 and a casualty before
year's end.
248 Dahlmann, Reinhold. Die Schlacht vor Paris. [The Battle Before Paris.]
Oldenburg: Stalling, 1928. Although the B.E.F. was not directly
involved in the struggle over Paris, the French success in saving
the city set the stage for the Battle of the Marne, where the
B.E.F. was significant. Accounts from the German perspective,
such as this, help set the context.
249 Dahms, R. Der grosse krieg aus der Froschperspektive. [The Great War
From the Frog Point of View.] Berlin: Behr, 1927. Written by
a company commander in the 83rd Reserve Infantry Regiment,
this volume describes the struggles with the B.E.F. at the Marne
and First Ypres.
250 D'Almeida, P. Camena. L 'Armée Allemande Avant et Pendant La Guerre

de 1914-1918. [The German Army before and during the War
of 1914-1918.] Paris: Berger-Levrault, 1919. Detailed military
history including organization and unit activity down to the level
of regiments.
251 Dancocks, Daniel G. Gallant Canadians: The Story of the Tenth

Canadian Infantry Battalion, 1914-1919. Calgary: Calgary
Highlanders Regimental Funds Foundation, 1990. The Tenth
Battalion was part of the First Division which got to France in

time to suffer from the poison gas attack at Second Ypres, April,
1915. Dancocks does a much better job than the typical unit
historian of setting the context in which his unit functions. His
well-written book is certainly worth consulting.
252 Dancocks, Daniel G. Sir Arthur Currie: A Biography. Toronto:

Methuen, 1985. Focused heavily on World War I, this biography
describes the learning process that led Currie to becoming an
influential tactical thinker later in the war.
253 Dancocks, Daniel G. Welcome to Flanders Fields, the First Canadian

Battle of the Great War: Ypres 1915. A Douglas Gibson Book.
Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 1988. Dancocks'portrayal of
the Battle of Second Ypres is detailed, and although his
admiration of the Canadians involved shines through, generally
even-handed and accurate. The title of the book is, however, a
bit misleading because he follows the entire Canadian war effort
from prewar preparations through most of 1915.
254 Dane, Edmund. The Battles in Flanders, From Ypres to Neuve Chapelle.
London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1915. Dane's account is
journalistic and lacks perspective.
255 Daniell, D. S. Cap of Honour: The Story of the Gloucestershire

Regiment (the 28th/61st Foot), 1694-1950. London: Harrap,
1951. The author of this history of the Gloucestershire Regiment
covers too long a period to allow significant study of World War
I.
256 Dartein, F. de. La 56e Division au Feu. [The 56th Division of Fire.]
Paris: Berger-Levrault, 1919. The 56th Division joined
Maunoury's Sixth Army on August 29 and was positioned on the
B.E.F.'s immediate left for the rest of the retreat. Dartein
discusses the problems of coordination, especially in the absence
of a translator.
257 Davis, Emlyn. Taffy Went to War. Knutsford: Knutsford Secretarial

Bureau, 1976. This account of service with the 17th (Service)
Battalion Royal Welch Fusiliers in the 113th Brigade of the
Welch Division includes accounts of Laventie, Neuve Chapelle,
Festubert, and Givenchy.
258 Davis, Richard Harding. With the Allies. New York: Charles Scribner's
Sons, 1914; rpt. 1919. Davis, a veteran military correspondent,
gives eyewitness testimony of the initial campaign in Belgium.
259 Dearden, Harold. Medicine and Duty: A War Diary. London:

Heinemann, 1928. Dearden was an officer with the RAMC, but
he rarely names the places or units he describes in his diary. He
also has little to say about his work, but he does give extensive
observations of trench life.
260 De Groot, Gerald J. "Ambition, Duty and Doctrine: Haig's Rise to High
Command." In Haig: A Reappraisal 70 Years On. Ed. by Brian
Bond and Nigel Cave. Barnsley: Leo Cooper, 1999. DeGroot's
focus is Haig's rise before 1914, but his criticisms of Haig offer
an interpretation of wartime problems.
261 De Groot, Gerald J. Douglas Haig, 1861-1928. London: Unwin Hyman,

1988. De Groot is very critical of Haig, and attributes his
rigidity as a general to his Victorian upbringing.
262 De Lisle, Beauvoir. Reminiscences of Sport and War. London: Eyre &
Spottiswoode, 1939. De Lisle was a cavalry officer who served
in France at the beginning of the war, particularly at Second
Ypres. His account tends to focus on personal issues, however.
263 Deutelmoser, Major. Die 27 Infanterie-Divisionin Weltkrieg, 1914-1918.

[The 27th Infantry Division in the World War, 1914-1918.]
Stuttgart: Berger, n. d. Provides a description of the German
resistance from September through November.
264 Devenish, George. A Subaltern's Share in the War, Home Letters of the
Late George Weston Devenish, Lieut. R.A., Attached R. F. C.
London: Constable, 1917. Devenish was on the Western Front
in September and October, 1914, and for the latter half of 1915.
He describes in thoughtful detail living conditions and combat
for an artilleryman.
265 Dixon, Janet and John Dixon. eds. With Rifle and Pick Cardiff: CWM
Press, 1991. This collection of letters, from newspapers by
members of the 3rd Battalion of the Monmouthshire Regiment,
gives a powerful depiction of the terrible casualty rate at 2nd
Ypres and the mining at Hill 60.
266 Dixon, John. Magnificent But Not War: The Second Battle of Ypres.
London: Pen and Sword, 2003. Follows the battle from day to
day and in great detail. A valuable addition to the historiography
of the early part of the war.
267 Dixon, Norman. On the Psychology of Military Incompetence. London:

Jonathan Cape, 1976. Dixon examines military problems of the
19th and 20th centuries and tries to find causes in the personal
characteristics of generals. He includes several examples from
World War I--2nd Ypres especially, and although his analysis is
not entirely convincing, he deserves some attention when
considering the behavior of commanders.
268 Dolbey, Robert V. A Regimental Surgeon in War and Prison. London:

John Murray, 1917. Dolbey was MO with the KOSB from Le
Cateau to La Bassée and left wounded to be picked up by the
Germans after Mons. He is critical of the Germans asserting that
he was separated from wounded Englishmen and brutally
handled.
269 Dolden, A. Stuart. Cannon Fodder: An Infantryman's Life on the Western

Front. Poole: Blandford, 1980; rpt. 1988. Dolden's descriptions
are clear and effective. He is particularly good regarding the
battle of Loos.
270 Donovan, Tom. Ed. Hazy Red Hell: Fighting Experiences on the
Western Front, 1914-1918. Staplehurst: Spellmount, 1999.
Donovan has organized some fifty firsthand accounts of fighting
to show the evolution of combat on the Western Front.
271 Dornbush, C. H. The Canadian Army 1855-1965: Lineages--Regimental

Histories. Cornwallville, N.Y.: Hope Farm Press, 1966.
Although this volume contains much detailed bibliographic
information, its organization and limited index make it frustrating
to use.
272 Dow, Gene. Ed. World War One Reminiscences of a New Brunswick
Veteran. Hartland: Cummings typesetting, 1990. An account of
a Canadian veteran of experiences on the Western Front.
273 Doyle, Arthur Conan. A History of the Great War. 6 Vols. New York:
George H. Doran, 1917-1920. Doyle tells the story with the skill
of a novelist and the zeal of a patriot. His work does provide
some useful details but on the whole is not particularly valuable
for research.
274 Drake-Brockman, D. H. With the Royal Garhwal Rifles in the Great War
from August, 1914, to November, 1917. NP:NP,n.d. Although
the focus is narrow, this volume does provide details of the unit
and of individuals in all of the significant battles of the B.E.F.
from La Bassée (October, 1915) through Loos a year later, when

the Royal Garhwal Rifles were shipped off to Egypt.
275 Drew, G. A. Canada in the Great War. Toronto: MacLean Publishing,

1928. Drew's brief outline of Canadian involvement in the war
is drawn from his previously published periodical articles.
276 Ducan, G. S. Douglas Haig as I Knew Him. London: George Allen &
Unwin, 1966. The author, Haig's chaplain for much of the war,
offers some insights into the character and decision making of
Haig. His memoir is not, however, of great import.
277 Duffour, Général, et al. Histoire de la Guerre Mondiale. 4 Vols. Paris:

Payot, 1937 rpt. 1990. The first two of these volume, which
include personal narratives and documents, concern the French
in 1914 and 1915. Although attention is not particularly on the
B.E.F., its role as an ally is inescapable and the activities of the
French was vital to the fate of the British.
278 Duguid, A. Fortescue. Official History of the Canadian Forces in the

Great War, 1914-1915. Ottawa: Canadian Ministry of National
Defense, 1938. This is the only volume written in this series (a
companion volume of appendices and maps was published), and
although it does include details of the early part of the war, it is
really nationalist paean.
279 Dungan, Myles. Irish Voices From the Great War. Dublin: Irish
Academic Press, 1955. Dungan's collection of comments by
Irish soldiers who served with the B.E.F. allows the troops to tell
their own story of most of the battles of 1914-15.
280 [Dunn, J. C] The War the Infantry Knew, 1914-1919: A Chronicle of

Service in France and Belgium. London: P.S.King, 1938; rpt.
1974; 1987. Dunn, who was the Medical Officer for the 2nd
Royal Welch Fusiliers, describes his own experiences, and
incorporates other eyewitness testimony. The prose in this
volume is quite eloquent, and it is one of the best sources for
information about the experience of the troops.
281 Dupont, Gen. C. J. Le Haul Commandement allemand en 1914. [The

German High Command in 1914.] Paris: Chapelot, 1922.
Dupont's study is useful for understanding German command
decision-making in the first months of the war.
282 Dupuy, Trevor N. Military History of World War I. 12 Vols. New York:
Franklin Watts, 1967. Dupuy's account is very clear and

readable but so simple that his volumes may well have been
intended for younger readers.
283 Duroselle, Jean-Baptiste. La Grande Guerre des Français: Le

Incompréhensible. [France and the Great War: The Mystery.]
Paris: Perrin, 1994. Duroselle, a well-established scholar,
describes the battles involving the B.E.F. in 1914-15, but is more
focused on French involvement in the war than on the British.
284 E.A.F. Vermelles: Notes on the Western Front by a Chaplain.

Edinburgh: Scottish Chronicle, 1918. Although the author's
descriptions tend to sentiment at times, they are clear and
detailed. He is particularly good regarding the battle of Loos.
285 Eastwood, Thomas Ralph and Harry Gordon Parkyn. List of Officers and
Other Ranks of the Rifle Brigade Awarded Decorations or
Mentioned in Despatches During the Great War. London: Rifle
Brigade Club, 1936. Offers little but some factual bits and pieces
concerning individuals.
286 Eberhardt, Walter von. Unsere Luftstreitkräfte, 1914-18: Ein Denkmal

Deutschen Heldentums. [Our Air Forces, 1914-1918: A
Memorial to German Heroism.] Berlin: C. A. Weller, 1930.
One of the most important sources for information about the
German air force, and although air power was relatively limited
in the first campaigns of the war, it was none the less important.
287 Edmonds, James. A Short History of World War I. London: Oxford

University Press, 1951. An excellent survey covering all
campaigns, but because of the author's emphasis on land war and
the Western Front.
288 Edmonds, John, et al. Military Operations: France and Belgium. 14

Vols. London: Macmillan, 1922-40; His Majesty's Stationery
Office, 1941-49. This official history is filled with detailed
information, some of which is hard to find elsewhere. Its
interpretations have been questioned, however. Some have
suggested that Edmonds was overly supportive of Haig and
tended to blame the Field Marshall's supporters unfairly for
problems. Some volumes have recently been reprinted.
289 Edmunds, J. E. "The Scapegoat of the Battle of the Marne, 1914.

Lieutenant Colonel Hentsch and the Order for the German
Retreat." Army Quarterly 1 (1920-1921): 346-58. The
question of why the German's retreated and the importance of the

B.E.F. in that decision has been much debated. Edmunds argues
in this article that Hentsch, who has been accused of over-
reacting and ordering the retreat, really took his lead from
General von Bülow, and helped save the German army from a
greater disaster than it actually suffered.
290 Egremont, Max. Under Two Flags: The Life of Major General Sir
Edward Spears. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1997.
Egremont's account of Spears' efforts on the Western Front where
he was the liaison between the B.E.F. and the French Army in
1914 is useful but briefer than World War I scholars would
prefer.
291 Einem, Karl von. Erinnerungen eines Soldaten, 1853-1933.

[Remembrance of Our Soldiers, 1853-1933.] Leipzig: Koehler,
1933. Einem includes accounts of the Western Front opposite
the B.E.F. in 1914.
292 Ellinwood, DeWitt C. and S. D. Pradhan. Eds. India and World War I.
New Delhi: Manohar, 1978. Indian forces were an important
factor on the Western Front from late 1914 to the end of 1915.
This book provides details and discussion of the Indian
contribution.
293 Ellis, C. The 4th (Denbighshire) Battalion Royal Welsh Fusiliers in the
Great War. Wrexham: Woodall, Minshall, Thomas, 1926.
Ellis' depiction of trench life and routine combat in from late
1914 through 1915 is perceptive. He also recounts the actions of
the Battalion at Aubers Ridge and Loos, where it found poison
gas an effective weapon.
294 Ellis, John. Eye Deep in Hell: Trench Warfare in World War I. London:
Croom Helm, 1976. Using an excellent balance of photographs
and text, Ellis gives a real sense of what a soldier's life on the
Western Front was like. His book is a valuable supplement to
any study of battle in the war.
295 Emden, Richard van. Ed. Tickled to Death to Go: Memoirs of a

Cavalryman in the First World War. Staplehurst: Spellmount,
1996. The diarist, Ben Clouting of the 4th Dragoon Guards, was
with the B.E.F. from the beginning of the war, and fought at
Mons, and in other battles, sometimes dismounted as at Second
Ypres. His descriptions are clear and often include interesting
details. The editor has added extensive notes to keep the reader
abreast of the development of the war.
296 Enser, A. G. S. A Subject Bibliography of the First World War: Books in

English 1914-1987. 2nd ed. Brookfield, VT: Gower, 1990; orig.
1979. Enser's work is a valuable, though increasingly outdated
reference. It is also difficult to use for topics not among his
headings and because he provides only limited numbers of cross
references.
297 Esher, Reginald, Viscount. The Tragedy of Lord Kitchener. London:

John Murray, 1921. Esher describes Kitchener's role concerning
the B.E.F. and remarks that he was temperamentally unsuited to
work with John French. He gives Kitchener credit for success at
the Marne, though at the time he wrote, French's account had not
been questioned.
298 Essenm, L. van der. The Invasion and the War in Belgium From Liège to
the Yser. London: T. F. Unwin, 1917. The author's comments
offer some discussion of the B.E.F.'s role in the early stages of
the war.
299 Evans, H. K. D. and N. D. Laing. The 4th (Queen's Own) Hussars in the
Great War. Aldershot: Gale & Polden, 1920. Includes records
of units with the B.E.F., especially at Mons, Le Cateau, and the
Marne.
300 Evans, M. St. H. Going Across or With the 9th Welch in the Butterfly
Division: Being Extracts from the War Letters and Diary of M.
St. Helier Evans. Edited by Frank Delamain. Newport: R. H.
Johns, 1952. Evans account of service with the 9th Battalion of
the Welch Division includes descriptions of the B.E.F. in the
latter part of 1915.
301 Evans, Martin Manx. Passchendaele and the Battles of Ypres 1914-18.
London: Osprey, 1998. Evans picks up the story of Ypres and
the fighting there in 1914. He includes first-hand accounts and
many illustrations in a volume that provides a good introduction
to the situation in the salient.
302 Ewing, John. The History of the 9th (Scottish) Division, 1914-1918.
London: John Murray, 1921. The 9th was the first of the New
Army or Kitchener Divisions formed, and it played a major role
at Loos. Ewing provides a full chapter concerning the battle with
a detailed description and some analysis of what went wrong.
303 Ewing, John. The Royal Scots, 1914-1919. 2 Vols. Edinburgh: Oliver
and Boyd for the Association of Lowland Scots, 1925. Units of
the Royal Scots were involved in many of the battles in 1914-15.
Ewing's descriptions are detailed and include recognition of
individual accomplishment. He makes little general comment,
however.
304 Falkenhayn, Erich von. General Headquarters, 1914-1916, and Its

Critical Decisions. London: Hutchinson, 1919. Falkenhayn,
who replaced Moltke as German commander after the initial
offensive failed, offers comments and insight into German
strategic thinking and decision making.
305 Falls, Cyril. The Gordon Highlanders in the First World War 1914-1919.
Aberdeen: Aberdeen University Press, 1958. Falls, one of the
better historians of World War I, sets the activities of the Gordon
Highlanders in context and includes particulars of activities in
1914-15. The book is the fourth volume in a series entitled The
Life of a Regiment.
306 Falls, Cyril. The Great War. New York: Putnam, 1959. Falls, a veteran
of the war and later part of the official history team, provides an
excellent generally unbiased account of the conflict. His book
was published in England as The First World War.
307 Falls, Cyril. The History of the First Seven Battalions, the Royal Irish
Rifles (Now the Royal Ulster Rifles) in the Great War.
Aldershot: Gale & Polden, 1925. An important World War I
scholar, Falls provides both details and context in following these
battalions through the conflict.
308 Falls, Cyril. War Books: A Critical Guide. London: Peter Davies, 1930;
rpt. 1989. Although dated, this discussion of historiography is
both articulate and acute. Falls still deserves to be consulted.
309 Farndale, Martin. The History of the Royal Regiment of Artillery: The
Western Front 1914-18. Woolwich: Royal Artillery Institution,
1986. No arm was more important than artillery, and the British
shortages of guns and shells in the early months of the war
proved serious problems. Although not particularly critical,
Farndale provides details of artillery units in action and the
difficulties providing support to the infantry.
310 Farrar, Martin. News From the Front: War Correspondents, 1914-1918.
Thrupp Stroud: Alan Sutton Publishing, 1998. Farrar's
interesting portrayal of reporting helps make clear the attitudes

in Britain that influenced decision making concerning the war.
Early in the war, he argues, correspondents showed more
independence than was to be the case later.
311 Farrar-Hockley, Anthony H. Death of an Army: The First Battle of Ypres.

London: Barker, 1967; rpt. 1998. Farrar-Hockley, a prolific
historian of World War I provides a clear and detailed account
of the battle. He makes clear that the successful defense of Ypres
was a key to the failure of the Schlieffen Plan and ended all hope
of a quick German victory.
312 Farrar-Hockley, Anthony H. Goughie: The Life of General Sir Hubert

Gough. London: Hart-Davis, MacGibbon, 1975. Farrar-
Hockley, an excellent scholar, follows Gough's work as a cavalry
officer at the beginning of the war, and his evolution into one of
the B.E.F.'s leaders.
313 Farrar-Hockley, Anthony H. "1915: The Realities of Trench Warfare

Revealed." In History of the British Army. Edited by Peter
Young and J. P. Lawford, London: Arthur Barker, 1970.
Farrar-Hockley discusses the battles of Aubers Ridge, Neuve
Chapelle, Festubert, and 2nd Ypres pointing out the small gains
and high casualties. He also notes the problems using poison
gas at Loos and the failure of Sir John French to release reserve
units early enough for them to be used effectively. Farrah-
Hockley suggests that the horrors of the offensives of 1916 and
1917 were presaged in miniature by the B.E.F.'s attacks in 1915.
314 Feilding, Rowland. War Letters to a Wife: France and Flanders, 1915-
1919. London: Medici Society, 1929. Feilding served with the
Cold Stream Guards and arrived in France April 29, 1915. He
describes, first-hand, life in the trenches and combat, including
the Battle of Loos.
315 Fendrich, Anton. Gegen Frankreich und Albion. [Against France and
England.] 4 Vols. Stuttgart: Franckh, 1916-17. Includes
accounts of the drive on Paris, Battle of the Marne, and the
battles of 1915.
316 Ferguson, Niall. The Pity of War: Explaining World War I. London:
Allen Lane, 1998. Ferguson attempts to revise virtually all of the
current assumptions about World War I, not always successfully.
Regarding military operations, he makes a vigorous case for
German superiority.
317 Ferrar, M. L. Officers of the Green Howards, Alexandra, Princess of

Wales's Own (Yorkshire Regiment), (formerly the 19th Foot) 1688
to 1920. London: Eden Fisher, 1920. This volume is useful for
details of the Green Howards, but less so for the larger context
of the war.
318 Ferris, John. "The British Army and Signals Intelligence in the Field
During the First World War." Intelligence and National Security
3 (Oct., 1988): 23-48. Ferris examines problems that dogged the
B.E.F. in 1914-15, and for that matter, during the rest of the war.
319 Ferro,Marc. The Great War, 1914-1918. London: Routledge and Kegan
Paul, 1973. A thorough survey, Ferro's composition has enough
emphasis on military operations to make it particularly
interesting to military historians.
320 Fetherstonhaugh, R. C, Ed. The Royal Montreal Regiment 14th

Battalion, 1914-1925. Montreal: The Royal Montreal Regiment,
1927. Fetherstonhaugh provides a readable and detailed though
nationalistic account of Canadians in action, especially at 2nd
Ypres, where they were first to face gas, and Festubert. He rarely
ventures beyond a narrow factual account.
321 Fetherstonhaugh, R. C. Ed. The 13th Battalion, Royal Highlanders of

Canada, 1914-1919. Toronto: The 13th Battalion, Royal
Highlanders of Canada, 1925. The Thirteenth Battalion, as part
of the Third Brigade, was in France from early 1915 and
involved in the struggle in the Ypres Salient, including Second
Ypres.
322 Fetherstonhaugh, R. C. Ed. The 24th Battalion, C. E. F., Victoria Rifles

of Canada. Montreal: Gazette Printing Co., 1930.
Fetherstonhaugh devotes a chapter to describing the 24th
Battalion's initiation to the trenches in the fall and winter of
1915. Although detailed, his remarks include little comment or
analysis.
323 Fisher, John J. History of the Duke of Wellington's West Riding Regiment
(The Iron Duke's Own) During the First Three years of the Great
War From August 1914 to December 1917. Halifax: NP, 1917.
Fisher's text is a relatively brief account of a regiment whose
battalions were involved in the 1914-15 action.
324 Fletcher, C. R. L. The Great War, 1914-1918. London: John Murray,

1920. Fletcher's book is a well-written survey, and useful for
basic details. It was written too soon after the events for the
author to have access to many records, however.
325 Foerster, Wolfgang. Aus der Gedankenwerkstatt des Deutschen

Generalstabes. [From the Thought and Work of the German
General Staff.] Berlin: E. S. Mittler und Sohn, 1931. Foerster's
defense of the German staff and its war planning offers insight
into German actions at the beginning of the war.
326 Foerster, Wolfgang. Graf Schlieffen und der Weltkrieg. [Count

Schlieffen and the World War.] Berlin: Mittler, 1921. Foerster
considers the potential for Schlieffen's plan and what it might
have and did mean for the German war effort.
327 Forbes, A. A History of the Ordnance Services. 3 Vols. London: Medici

Society, 1929. Provides extensive details about the weaponry of
the B.E.F.
328 Former Officers of the Regiment. The 23rd London Regiment, 1798-1919.
London: Times Publishing, 1936. This volume provides short
factual accounts of members of the regiment involved in the first
stages of the war-particularly the battles of Festubert and Loos.
It is useful mostly for details of individual action by members of
the regiment.
329 Fortescue, J. W. Following the Drum. Edinburgh: William Blackwood

& Sons, 1931. Fortescue, a well-established military historian,
includes both Kitchener and Smith-Dorrien among the topics
discussed in this volume.
330 Fortescue, J. W. and R. H. Beadon. The Royal Army Service Corps: A

History of Transport and Supply in the British Army. 2 Vols.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, n.d. Coverage of
supply problems in this volume is excellent.
331 Foster, H. C. At Antwerp and the Dardanelles. London: Mills and Boon,
1918. Foster offers a personal portrayal of the vain British
struggle to help the Belgian Army hold Antwerp.
332 Foulkes, C. H. "Gas"! The Story of the Special Brigade. Edinburgh:

William Blackwood & Sons, 1936. Foulkes headed the Royal
Army unit to which the new weapon of poison gas was assigned.
He argues strongly that gas was a valid and valuable weapon and
defends his advocacy of release from cylinders despite problems
at Loos.
333 Fox, Frank. The Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers in the World War. London:
Constable, 1928. Fox is better than most unit historians about
setting events in context. He provides details of the Marne, the
Aisne, Festubert, and especially Le Cateau, which he regards as
a major British victory.
334 France. Ministère de la Guerre. Etat-Major de l'Armée. Service

Historique. Les Armées françaises dan la Grande Guerre. [The
Armies of France in the Great War.] 11 tomes. Paris, Imprimerie
Nationale, 1922-37. The French official history, although
packed with detailed information, is tedious to read and quite
outdated. It is furthermore often inaccurate in its descriptions of
the B.E.F.
335 François, Hermann von. Marneschlacht und Tannenberg: Betrachtungen

zur deutschen Kriegsführung der ersten sechs Kriegswochen.
Berlin: August Scherl, 1920; Translation: The Marne Battle and
Tannenberg. Berlin: August Scherl, 1920. François' account of
the German conduct of the Battles of the Marne and Tannenberg
helps set the first weeks of the war into context for students of
the B.E.F.
336 Fraser, David. Alanbrooke. New York: Atheneum, 1982. Alanbrooke

was with the Royal Artillery in France from the end of First
Ypres. Fraser includes a number of the future Field Marshall's
comments about shortages of shells, poor communications and
coordination with the infantry, and abortive attacks through the
Battle of Festubert, after which Alanbrooke was in reserve until
1916.
337 Frauenholz, E. von. Ueberblick über die Geschichte des Weltkrieg.

[Survey of the History of the World War.] Munich:
Oldenbourg, 1926. This short survey suggests the Marne was the
crucial battle of the war and notes the role of the B.E.F.
338 French, Anthony. Gone for a Soldier. Kineton: The Roundwood Press,
1972. French describes enlistment, training, and service on the
Western Front. He says little about combat before the Somme
and fails to give much indication of when and where his
experiences occurred.
339 French, David. British Strategy and War Aims, 1914-1916. London:
Allen and Unwin, 1986. French considers London's policy and
concerning both friend and foe and suggests that it was neither
consistent nor entirely pro-Ally in the first part of the war.
340 French, David. "The Meaning of Attrition 1914-1916." English

Historical Review. 103 (1988): 385-405. French shows the
development of the strategy of attrition and shows that the
negative connotation that it came to have was not there at the
beginning of the war.
341 French, Field Marshal Lord Ypres. 1914. London: Constable, 1919.
John French's account of his role with the B.E.F. is so defensive,
and at times simply false, that its value is very limited.
342 French, John Denton Pinkstone, Earl of Ypres. The Despatches of Lord
French: Mons, the Marne, the Aisne, Flanders, Neuve Chapelle,
the Second Battle of Ypres, Loos, Hohenzollerin Redoubt, and a
Complete List of the Officers and Men Mentioned. London:
Chapman & Hall, 1917. Although not an entirely adequate
replacement for archival resources, access to this collection of
despatches from the period of French's command on the Western
Front is valuable.
343 French, Gerald. French Replies to Haig. London: Hutchinson, 1936.

The author, Sir John French's second son, is responding to
sections of Sir Douglas Haig's diary that criticize French's
command of the B.E.F. in 1914-15. The book includes chapters
about all of the major battles, and concerning the major
accusations made against Sir John: a) that French was in despair
and fleeing from Mons intending to break off the battle asserts
that he really did intend to make a stand and keep his place in the
battle line with Allied forces; and b) that he held back reserves
too long at Loos. The son asserts that these forces were exactly
where Haig had wanted them to be. The son also insists that his
father was making every effort to get the supply of shells
increased even as Haig was using the situation to attack him.
Although a case can be made that Haig deliberately and unfairly
sought to undermine and replace French, this book is so
uncritical and biased that it must be used with much discretion if
at all.
344 French, Gerald. The Kitchener-French Debate: A Last Word. Glasgow:

William MacLellan, 1960. The general's son has made an
attempt to defend his father in regard to Kitchener's criticisms.
345 French, Gerald. The Life of Field Marshal Sir John French, Earl French
of Ypres. London: Cassell, 1931; rpt. 1966. This biography by
one of the general's sons has the virtue of the author's personal
knowledge but the fault of filial sentiment.
346 French, Gerald. Ed. Some War Diaries, Addresses and Correspondence
of Sir John French. London: Herbert Jenkins, 1937. Although
factual information can be obtained from this volume, the editor
does not seem to have intended the contents to lead to criticism
of the general.
347 Freytag-Lounghoven, Baron von. Deductions from the World War. New
York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1918. The author is a pro-German
Swiss military critic and argues that Germans were not strong
enough in 1914 but accomplished much before the Marne. A
little more push might have carried the day.
348 Frothingham, Thomas G. A Guide to the Military History of the World

War, 1914-1918. Boston: Little, Brown, 1920. Although dated,
Frothingham's history provides some guidance for the use of
works written during and shortly after the war.
349 Fryer, E. R. M. Reminiscences of a Grenadier. Privately Printed by

Author, 1921; rpt. 1965. Fryer, a company officer, relates his
experiences clearly and effectively.
350 Fuller, J. F. C. Generalship, Its Diseases and Their Cure. London:

Faber & Faber, 1933. Fuller is very critical of British generals
in World War I asserting that they were uninspired, slow to learn,
and even cowardly.
351 Fyfe, Albert J. Understanding the First World War: Illusions and
Realities. New York: Peter Lang, 1988. Fyfe provides an
insightful examination of successes and failures on both sides
and in both the political and military arenas.
352 Gaffen, Fred. Forgotten Soldiers. Peniticton: Theytus Books, 1985.

The forgotten of this book are the native Canadians (Indians)
who served in the two world wars. In World War I these men
distinguished themselves as, among other things, snipers.
353 Gale, Richard. The Worcestershire Regiment. Leo Cooper, 1970.

Although too brief to be anything more than superficial, the book
does follow the Worchestershires in 1914-15.
354 Galet, E. J. Albert, King of the Belgians in the Great War: His Military
Experiences Set Down With His Approval. Trans. by Ernest D.
Swinton. London: Putnam, 1931. The gallant stand of the
Belgians as well as the defense of Antwerp affected the B.E.F. in
the first weeks of the war. The focus of the book is Belgian
politics, but the B.E.F. is a major factor in the military situation

described.
355 Galliéni, Joseph Simon. Le Carnets de Galliéni. [Notebooks of Galliéni.]

Edited by Gaétan Galliéni. Paris: Albin Michel, 1932.
Galliéni's notes include comments about the initial campaign of
the war, but he has little to say here specifically about the B.E.F.
356 Galliéni, Joseph Simon. Mémoires du Général Galliéni. Défense de

Paris. [Memories of General Galliéni. The Defense of Paris.]
Paris: Payot, 1920. Galliéni, who commanded Paris in the first
weeks of the war, was the first to realize that the invading
German forces had turned and presented a flank to the Allies.
His account of the counter thrust that led to the Marne is accurate
and more judicious than most in dealing with the problems
between the British and French over plans.
357 Gambier F. and M. Suire. Historire de la Première Guerre Mondiale.

[History of the First World War.] 2 Vols. Paris: Fayard, 1968.
Although far from inclined to overstate the importance of the
British, these authors do describe the involvement of the B.E.F.
in 1914-15 and provide a framework of seeing these battles in an
Anglo-French framework.
358 Gamelin, General M. Manoeuvre et Victoire de la Marne. [Maneuver

and Victory at the Marne.] Paris: Grasset, 1954. Gamelin's
version of the battle is oriented to the French involvement, but
the B.E.F. was an integral part of that conflict.
359 Gardner, Brian. Allenby of Arabia. New York: Coward-McCann, 1965.

Gardner narrates the story of Allenby's efforts as B.E.F. cavalry
commander, and generally thinks that he did well. He is critical
of Archibald Murray, John French's chief of staff, who he says
was incompetent and Hubert Gough for leaving Allenby in the
lurch and attaching himself to Haig.
360 Gardner, Nikolas. "Command and Control on the 'Great Retreat' of 1914:
The Disintegration of the British Cavalry Division." The Journal
of Military History 63 (Jan., 1999): 29-54. Gardner argues that
the traditions of the British cavalry emphasized independent
action and resulted in poor staff work, which, in turn led to poor
performance in 1914.
361 Gardner, Nikolas. "Command in Crisis: The British Expeditionary Force

and the Forest of Mormal, August 1914." War & Society 16
(Oct., 1998): 13-32. Gardner discusses the problems caused by

dividing the B.E.F. on the retreat from Mons. His ideas are
greatly expanded in his book Trial by Fire.
362 Gardner, Nikolas. Trial by Fire: Command and the British Expeditionary
Force in 1914. Westport: Praeger, 2003. Gardner does an
excellent critical summary of the command problems faced by
the B.E.F.'s leaders and their responses to those problems. His
analysis is clear and effective.
363 Gavaghan, Michael. An Illustrated Pocket Guide to the Battles of Neuve

Chapelle, Aubers Ridge, Festubert, 1915. Preston: M & L
Publications, 1997. This guide for visitors includes historical
information as well as descriptions of the area.
364 Gazin, F. La Cavalerie Française dans la Guerre Mondiale. [The

French Cavalry in the World War.] Paris: Payot, 1930. French
cavalry forces provided important cover for the B.E.F.,
especially during the retreat from Mons.
365 Gebsattel, Gen. von. Generalfeldmarschall Karl von Bülow. [Field

Marshal Karl von Bülow.] München: Lehmanns, n.d.
Biographical account of the commander of the German Second
Army in 1914, whose decisions played a part in the fate of the
B.E.F.
366 Generalstabler, Einem. Kritik des Weltkrieges: Das Erbe Moltkes und
Schlieffens im Grossen Kriege. [Critique of the World War: The
Heritage of Moltke and Schlieffen in the Great War.] Leipzig:
Koehler, 1920. The author is very critical of German planning
and leadership, but he is not unaware of the role of the B.E.F. in
frustrating the German scheme.
367 Geoghegan, Stannus. The Campaigns and History of the Royal Irish
Regiment. Vol. 2: From 1900 to 1922. London: William
Blackwood & Sons, 1927. Although somewhat episodic due to
following the activities of nine battalions, this volume does have
details of battles of the B.E.F., such as the Marne where the
second battalion was reduced to 400 men.
368 Germains, Victor Wallace. The Truth About Kitchener. London: John
Lane/The Bodley Head, 1925. The "truth," according to
Germains, is that Kitchener made the right decisions at pretty
much every occasion. His lack of a proper staff was due to the
system. The common assertion that William Robertson agreed
to be Chief of the Imperial Staff was not, as is often asserted,

with the proviso that he be independent is false. And Kitchener's
refusal to shift additional forces to the Dardanelles prevented
German victory after Second Ypres. Finally, most military
problems on the Western Front were beyond Kitchener's control.
The lack of critical analysis and documented evidence
dramatically reduces the value of Germains' book.
369 German General Staff. Ypres, 1914. Translated by G. C. W. London:

Constable, 1919; rpt. 1994. Originally Die Schlacht an der Yser
und bei Ypren im Herbst 1914, unter Benutzung amlichter
Quellen bearb. Oldenburg: Stalling, 1918. This detailed
account of the campaign around Ypres, gives credit to the B.E.F.
for stopping the German advance. The British failure to flank the
Germans and free Belgium is noted, on the other hand, as a
notable failure.
370 Germany. Reichsarchiv. Schlachten des Weltkrieges, 1914-1918. Band

3: Antwerpen 1914. [Battles of the World War. Volume 3:
Antwerp 1914.] 2nd ed. Berlin: Stalling, 1925. Part of a German
official history series focusing on the experience of individual
battles, this volume discusses Antwerp, which the British
attempted to hold to provide access to Belgium.
371 Germany. Reichsarchiv. Schlachten des Weltkriegs, 1914-1918. Band

7A & 7B: Die Schlacht Bei St. Quentin 1914. [Battles of the
World War. Volume 7A: The Battle Near St. Quentin 1914.]2nd
ed. Berlin: Stalling, 1926. Although the B.E.F. was not directly
involved the fighting along the front in central and northern
France, all helped create the situation in which the English found
themselves. These volumes of the German official history series
help set that struggle in context for students of the B.E.F.

10: Ypren 1914. [Battles of the World War. Volume 10:
Ypres, 1914.] Oldenburg: Stalling, 1928. This volume in the
German official series presents the First Battle of Ypres, giving
the German perspective.

22-26: Das Marnedrama. [Battles of the World War, 1914-
1918. Volumes 22-26: The Drama of the Marne.] Berlin:
Stalling, 1928. These volume in the German official history
series recount the stages of the battle of the Marne from the
German perspective.
374 Germany. Reichsarchiv. Der Weltkrieg 1914-1918: Die militärischen

Operationen zu Lande. [The World War 1914-1918: Military
Operations on Land.] 14 Vols. Berlin: E. S. Mittler und Sohn,
1925-1944. The German official history, these volumes have
valuable details of the operation of the Schlieffen Plan and the
subsequent development of stalemate. They are the essential
account from the German point-of-view.
375 Gibb, H. Records of the 4th Royal Irish Dragoon Guards in the Great
War, 1914-1918. Privately Printed, 1925. Provides records of
cavalry activity in the early battles of the war, particularly in
1914.
376 Gibbs, Philip. The Realities of War. London: Heinemann, 1920. Gibbs
emphasizes the horrors of the war, such as casualties and horrors
of trench life, to drive home his sense of the impact of war.
377 Gibson, Mary. Warneford V.C. Yearilton: Fleet Air Arm Museum, 1979.
Gibson's biography of R. A. Warneford, who served with No. 2
Squadron, offers some information regarding the war in the air
but little about the battles on land.
378 Gibson, W. L. Records of the Fourth Canadian Infantry Battalion in the

Great War, 1914-1918. Toronto: MacLean, 1924. The Fourth
Battalion was part of the First Brigade and active in France early
in 1915. The descriptions cover the Ypres Salient and most
notably 2nd Ypres.
379 Gilbert, Adrian and John Terraine. World War I in Photographs. New
York: Military Press, 1986. This volume provides pictorial
evidence concerning the battlefields and experiences of the war.
380 Gilbert, Martin. Atlas of World War I. 2nd ed. New York: Oxford
University Press, 1994. Gilbert's maps are easy to read and
provide an excellent geographic overview of the war.
381 Gilbert, Martin. The First World War: A Complete History. New York:
Henry Holt, 1994. Gilbert's survey is thorough and has a
particular emphasis on presentation of eyewitness comments.
382 Giles, John. The Ypres Salient: Flanders Then and Now. London: Leo
Cooper, 1970; rpt. 1979; rpt. 1987. Giles' descriptions of the
battlefields in the Salient are very informative.
383 Gillespie, A. D. Letters From Flanders. London: Smith, Elder, 1916.

Gillespie, a second lieutenant with the Argyll and Sutherland

Highlanders, describes life on the Western Front from March to
September, 1915.
384 Gillon, Stair. The K.O.S.B. in the Great War. London: Thomas Nelson,
n.d. Gillon provides details of the King's Own Scottish
Borderers at the Marne, the Aisne, Le Cateau, Hill 60, St. Julien,
and Loos. His focus is narrowly on the unit, however.
385 Giraud, Victor. Histoire de la Grande Guerre. Paris: Libraire Hachette,

1920. Giraud is more interested in the French army than the
B.E.F., but he does provide some detailed descriptions of the
battles fought by the British and a discussion of their importance
as allies.
386 Gleichen, Edward (Lord). Doings of the 15th Infantry Brigade, August
1914 to March 1915. Edinburgh: William Blackwood, 1917.
Provides details of Mons, Le Cateau, and other operations of the
B.E.F.
387 Gleichen-Russwurm, Heinrich von. Die Schlacht bei Mons: unter

Benutzung amtlicher Quellen. [The Battle of Mons: Based on
Official Sources.] Oldenburg: Stalling, 1919. Provides some
information about Mons from the German perspective.
388 Gliddon, Gerald. V.C.s of the First World War: 1914. Stroud: Sutton,
1994; rpt. 1997. Gliddon's biographical sketches of the forty-six
men who won V. C.s in the first months of the war are
substantive. His volume is also well illustrated.
389 Glogowski, Ernst. Das kgl. sächs. 6 Infanterie-regiment Nr. 105 "König
Wilhelm II von Wüttemberg." [The 6th Saxon Infantry Regiment,
No. 105, King William II of Wüttemberg's.] Dresden:
Buchdruckerei der W. und B. v. Baensch Stiftung, 1929. This
regimental history covers fighting against the B.E.F., including
the use of poison gas in 1915.
390 Glover, Michael. That Astonishing Infantry: Three Hundred Years of the
History of the Royal Welch Fusiliers (23rd Regiment of Foot).
London: Leo Cooper, 1989. Battalions of the Royal Welch
Fusiliers at most of the battles in 1914-15, but in trying to cover
300 years of the regiment's history the author is forced to limit
greatly his accounts.
391 Glover, Michael. Ed. The Fateful Battle Line: The Great War Journals
and Sketches of Captain Henry Ogle, MC London: Leo Cooper,

1993. Although he does not focus on any of the major battles,
Ogle depicts, in words and sketches, the life of a B.E.F. soldier
on the Western Front for most of 1915.
392 Glover, Michael. A New Guide to the Battlefields of Northern France and
the Low Countries. London: Michael Joseph, 1987. Travel
guides such as this one have significant amounts of information
about the areas over which battles were fought and are often
good introductions to the military situation.
393 Goodinge, Anthony. The Scots Guards. London: Leo Cooper, 1969.
Goodinge's account of the early campaigns is quite brief, and his
book is mostly useful to identify actions in which the Guards
participated and officers who led them. He does assert that the
B.E.F. was fully prepared, trained, and equipped in August,
1914.
394 Goodspeed, D. J. The Armed Forces of Canada, 1867-1967. Ottawa:

Queen's Printer, 1967. Goodspeed includes in his survey the
service of Canadians with the B.E.F. in 1914-15.
395 Goodspeed, D. J. The Road Past Vimy: The Canadian Corps, 1914-
1918. Toronto: Macmillan, 1969. Concerning the first year and
a half of the war, the important role of the Canadians in 1915,
especially at Second Ypres, is effectively presented in this
volume. The author's bitterness toward the British high
command due to the casualties suffered by the Canadians is not
disguised.
396 Gordon, George Stuart. Mons and the Retreat. London: Constable
(Whitefriars Press), 1918. This volume is a short presentation of
the campaign in a popular format.
397 Görlitz, Walter. Ed. The Kaiser and His Court: The Diaries, Note Books,
and Letters of Admiral Georg Alexander von Müller Chief of the
Naval Cabinet. Translated by Mervyn Savill. London:
Macdonald, 1961; rpt. 1964. This diary has comments about
Moltke and communication problems in 1914.
398 Goschen, A. A. "Artillery Tactics." Journal of the Royal Artillery. 52

(1924): 254-60. Although Goschen gives little attention to
specific battles, his analysis of the use of artillery is very valuable
in understanding what was in many ways an artilleryman's war.
399 Gough, Hubert. The Fifth Army. London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1931.
Gough was initially in command of a cavalry battalion but soon
took command of the new 2nd Cavalry Division. He often
comments on the strategic and political aspects of the war and
provides an excellent description of the use of cavalry during the
early months of the war.
400 Gough, Hubert. Soldiering On: Being the Memoirs of General Sir Hubert
Gough. London: Arthur Barker, 1954. Gough was part of the
B.E.F. from the beginning of the war, and describes the first
years from the perspective of a battalion commander. His
comments on the (negative in Gough's eyes) influence of Sir
Henry Wilson are significant.
401 Gould, R. W. Epic Actions of the First World War. Brighton: Tom
Donovan, 1997. Gould's focus is heroic stands, often to the last
man, of small units or occasionally individuals, and he has
examples from most of the battles of the B.E.F. in 1914 and
1915. The episodic nature of the text and lack of references,
however, reduce the value of his book significantly.
402 Graham, Henry. History of the Sixteenth, the Queen's, Light Dragoons
(Lancers), 1912 to 1925. Privately Printed, 1926. The Sixteenth
was part of the B.E.F.'s cavalry contingent, but Graham devotes
most of his account to the general situation and gives few details
of the unit about which he is writing.
403 Grant, Reginald. S. O. S. Stand To. New York: Appleton, 1918.

Personal narrative of experience with the First Brigade, Canadian
Field Artillery, which was attached to the First Canadian
Division that was in action on the Western Front from April,
1915. An account of Second Ypres is included.
404 Grant, W. and Bernard Newman. Tunnellers. London: Herbert Jenkins,

1936 This book opens with the story of the creation of tunneling
companies in 1914 and the rather disjointed efforts they made as
the learned their business. The authors think that more efforts at
tunneling would have paid off for the B.E.F.
405 Graves, Robert. Goodbye to All That. London: Jonathan Cape, 1929;
numerous reprints. Although a classic, Graves' autobiographical
account is over-dramatized and represents, in some respects, an
powerful anti-war statement. His account of Loos, for instance,
portrays the B.E.F. as thoroughly incompetent and hopeless.
406 Gray, Randal and Christopher Argyle. Chronicle of the First World War,
1914-1918. 2 Vols. New York: Facts on File, 1990. The
authors have supplemented a day-by-day account with
commentary and numerous maps.
407 Grazebrook, R. M. The Gloucestershire Regiment: War Narratives,

1914-1915. Bristol: The Gloucestershire Regimental
Association, 1929. Battalions of the Glosters were with the
B.E.F. for most of 1914-15, and their history is that of the first
years of the war.
408 Greacen, Lavinia. Chink: A Biography. London: Macmillan, 1989; rpt.

1991. The subject of this book, Eric Dorman-Smith was with the
1st Battalion, Northumberland Fusiliers and fought at Mons. He
was wounded and sent home before the end of August, 1914.
409 Great Britain. General Staff Studies. The Battle of the Aisne. London:
His Majesty's Stationery Office, 1934. Official histories such as
this offer much detail but cannot be depended upon for serious
criticism of their own side.
410 Great Britain. General Staff Studies. The Battle of the Marne. London:
His Majesty's Stationery Office, 1935. This is a detailed account
written from official sources.
411 Great Britain. War Office. The Battle of Le Cateau: 26 August, 1914.
Tour of the Battlefield. London: His Majesty's Stationery
Office, 1934. Although based on the Official History, this short
official description does include more details in a clear and
thorough description.
412 Great Britain. War Office. General Staff. Geographical Section Report
on Survey on the Western Front, 1914-1918. London: War
Office, 1920. Provides information about the British efforts to
map the Western Front, especially for artillery usage.
413 Great Britain. War Office. Statistics of the British Empire During the
Great War, 1914-1920. London: His Majesty's Stationery
Office, 1922. Extensive compilation of numerical data
concerning all parts of the British military.
414 Green, Horace. The Log of a Noncombatant. Boston: Houghton Mifflin,

1915. Green, an American correspondent, describes the first
year of the war.
415 Green, Howard. The British Army in the First World War: The Regulars,
the Territorials, and Kitchener's Army With Some Campaigns
Into Which They Fitted. NP: NP, 1968. Green mixes a veteran's
reminiscences into an historical narrative that is at times
superficial. Nonetheless his account of the early years of the war
offers some thoughtful comment.
416 Greenhut, Jeffrey. Imperial Reserve: The Indian Infantry on the Western
Front, 1914-1918. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Kansas,
1978. Greenhut discusses the important role of Indian troops on
the Western Front, where they served from late 1914 to the end
of 1915. See also the author's article "The Imperial Reserve: The
Indian Corps on the Western Front." The Journal of Imperial
and Commonwealth History. 12 (Oct., 1983): 54-73.
417 Greenhut, Jeffrey. "Race, Sex and War: The Impact of Race and Sec on
Morale and Health Services for the Indian Corps on the Western
Front." Military Affairs. 45 (April, 1981): 71-74. Indian troops
fought bravely on the Western Front until the end of 1915.
Greenhut gives overdue attention to their situation.
418 Greenwell, Graham. An Infant in Arms: War Letters of a Company

Officer 1914-1918. London: Lovat Dickinson & Thompson,
1935; rpt. 1972. Greenwell, who came of age on the Western
Front, describes his experiences, sometimes in surprisingly
graphic terms, in letters to his mother. He was an officer in the
4th Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry.
419 Grey, W. E. The 2nd City of London Regiment (Royal Fusiliers) in the
Great War (1914-19). London: Headquarters of the Regiment,
1929. Although this unit's involvement in the early months of the
war was limited, Grey does include a description of action at
Hooge and life in the Ypres Salient during 1915.
420 Groom, Winston. A Storm in Flanders: The Ypres Salient, 1914-1918.

New York: Atlantic Monthly Press, 2002. The author, best
known as a novelist, wished to introduce American readers to the
First World War, and his accounts, if hardly exceptional, are
vivid and might create interest in the subject. Unfortunately,
frequent, if usually minor, factual errors undermine his credibility
to a degree.
421 Gros, Gaston. 1915 Année Sanglante. [1915: The Bloody Year.] Paris:
Editions Baudinière, 1932. Gros writes more about French
politics than military history, but his focus is Poincaré and Joffre.
Thus he discusses military policy and strategy including

arrangements with the British.
422 Grosser Bilderatlas des Weltkrieges. [Illustrated Atlas of the World

War.] 3 Vols. München: Burckmann, 1915-19. These volumes
provide a large number of maps and photographs illustrating the
German side of the conflict.
423 Grouard, Lieut.-Colonel. La Conduite de la Guerre jusqu'a la Bataille de

la Marne. [The Conduct of the War Through the Battle of the
Marne.] Paris: Chapelot, 1922. Girouard, who had vainly
predicted before the war that the Germans would swing far west
of the Meuse River, is very critical of the French high command.
The thinks the B.E.F. was too cautious in advancing to the
Marne, but credits it with causing the German retreat by
threatening the flank of the First Army. His account of the
B.E.F. is heavily dependant on the volumes by Palat, who is less
than perfect in tracing the movements of the British.
424 G. S. O. G. H. Q. (Montreuil-sur-Mer). New York: E. P. Dutton, 1920.

Although this volume does include commentary concerning
Loos, most of it is trivia. It is unfortunate that the author, who,
as a member of the lower ranks, had an unusual perspective,
proved such a poor observer.
425 Gudmundsson, Bruce I. On Artillery. New York: Praeger, 1993. This

study of artillery, which draws heavily from French and German
sources, provides valuable background for the study of battles in
World War I.
426 Gudmundsson, Bruce I. Stormtroop Tactics: Innovation in the German

Army 1914-18. New York: Praeger, 1989. Gudmundsson's
study of the Germans is quite good, but by not acknowledging
that other armies were developing along the same lines, he leaves
too much impression of German superiority. He particularly
praises the German tendency to allow even junior officers to act
independently in battle, which he asserts, gave the Germans an
advantage over the Allies.
427 Gurney, Russell. History of the Northamptonshire Regiment, 1742-1934.

Aldershot: Gale & Polden, 1935. World War I is covered in a
single chapter, but the regiment's role is reasonably outlined.
428 Gwyn, Sandra. Tapestry of War: A Private View of Canadians in the

Great War. New York: Harper Collins, 1992. Although
episodic and idiosyncratic, this book does provide some details

about Canadian forces with the B.E.F.
429 Haber, L. F. The Poisonous Cloud: Chemical Warfare in the First World
War. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1986. Haber provides accounts
of the German introduction of gas, April 15, 1915, and of the
early British effort to use the weapon at Loos.
430 Haldane, Aylmer. A Brigade of the Old Army. London: Edward Arnold,
1920. Haldane, commander of the 10th Brigade and writing at
the front, describes Le Cateau, the subsequent retreat, and then
the advance to the Aisne. His account ends in mid-November,
1914.
431 Haldane, Aylmer. A Soldier's Saga: The Autobiography of General Sir

Aylmer Haldane. Edinburgh: William Blackwood and Sons,
1948. Haldane went to France with the B.E.F. as commander of
the 10th Brigade. His autobiography is disappointingly short of
military insight and fiill of self-praise.
432 Haldane, M. M. A History of the Fourth Battalion the Seaforth

Highlanders With Some Account of the Military Annals of Ross
the Fencibles the Volunteers and of the Home Defense and
Reserve Battalions, 1914-1919. London: H. F. & G. Witherby,
n.d. Haldane provides brief but well-written accounts for
fighting at Givenchy, Neuve Chapelle, Aubers Ridge and Loos.
433 Hall, Hubert. British Archives and the Sources for the History of the
World War. London: H.Milford, Oxford University Press, 1925.
Hall's focus is more economic and social than military and his
work is dated, but he does provide some guidance for modern
students of the war.
434 Hamilton, Ernest. The First Seven Divisions: Being a Detailed Account
of the Fighting from Mons to Ypres. London: Hurst and
Blackett, 1916. Hamilton, a member of the 11th Hussars,
provides details of the fighting and heroism in the B.E.F. during
the first months of the war.
435 Hamilton, Nigel. Monty: The Making of a General, 1887-1942. New

York: McGraw Hill, 1981. Hamilton provides a brief account of
Montgomery on the Western Front in 1914, especially at Le
Cateau. Montgomery was wounded late in 1914 and out of
action for a while.
436 [Hamilton, Ralph G. A. (Master of Belhaven).] The War Diary of the

Master of Belhaven. London: John Murray, 1924. Despite
efforts to use his social influence to get into battle, the author
spent most of 1914-15 working first as an interpreter, then a
Provost Marshall, and later as a liaison to the French. He
managed to get into action at 1st Ypres, where he was wounded.
His diary has daily descriptions of his activities and does provide
some useful details.
437 Hammerton, Gay M., T. N. Dupuy, Brian Bader, C. Curtiss Johnson, and
Thomas C. Yyatt. Impact of the Introduction of Lethal Gas on
the Combat Performance of Defending Troops. Falls Church,
VA: NOVA Publications, 1985. This report (No. 102) prepared
for the Defense Nuclear Agency examines gas warfare in the
summer of 1915, and concludes that the soldiers on the Western
Front were able to carry-on despite the presence of chemical
weapons, though at times panics did occur.
438 Hammerton, J. A. Ed. A Popular History of the Great War. 6 Vols.

London: Fleetway House, n.d. Although caution is necessary as,
by the editor's own admission, there was no checking on the
dependability of secondary sources used in compiling these
volumes, both Allied and German sources are cited. Thus they
offer more than most popular histories, and a detailed narrative
of the Mons retreat is included.
439 Hammerton, John A. Ed. The Great War: I Was There! 3 Vols.
London: The Amalgamated Press, 1938-39. An anthology of
participants' accounts of the war, including descriptions of the
B.E.F., originally published in fifty-one parts.
440 Hanbury-Sparrow, A. A. The Land-Locked Lake. London: Arthur

Barker, n.d. The author was a subaltern at the beginning of the
war and describes, sometimes eloquently, his experiences with
the B.E.F. The elaborate and formal language in the book does,
however, open to some question his assertion that his impressions
are just as formed at the time of the action.
441 Hankey, Donald. A Student in Arms. London: Andrew Melrose, 1917.

Hankey's exposition of religion, philosophy, and life is made
through tales of experiences in the B.E.F. His admiration of the
everyday soldier in the B.E.F. is pervasive. Unfortunately, he
makes no effort to indicate where or when these experiences
occurred, and so his book is of limited value for the study of the
war.
442 Hanotaux, Gabriel. La Bataille de la Marne. [The Battle of the Marne.]

Paris: Plon-Nourrit et Cie, 1922. The author, a veteran and quite
good historian, takes a very dim view of the performance of the
B.E.F. at the Marne.
443 Hanotaux, Gabriel. Histoire Illustrée de la Guerre de 1914. [Illustrated

History of the War of 1914.] 17 Vols. Paris: Gounouilhous
Editeur, 1915-24. Although he is quite critical of the B.E.F.
especially at the Marne, he does describe the entire situation and
his illustrations are both extensive and interesting.
444 Hanslian, Rudolph. The Gas Attack at Ypres: A Study in Military

History. Edgewood: Chemical Warfare School, 1940. This
pamphlet provides a technical analysis of the use of gas at
Second Ypres.
445 Hare, Steuart. The Annals of the King's Royal Rifle Corps. Vol. 5: The
Great War. London: John Murray, 1932. Rifle Corps battalions
were involved in most of the significant encounters of the B.E.F.
in 1914-15. This volume traces that involvement.
446 Harrington, Charles. Plumer of Messines. London: John Murray, 1935;

rpt. 1938. Like most official biographies this volume is
favorable toward the subject, but it does give a clear and detailed
account of the general's role in with the B.E.F.
447 Harris, Henry. The Royal Irish Fusiliers. London: Leo Cooper, 1972.
Although the Royal Irish Fusiliers were involved in a number of
the battles fought by the B.E.F., this short history has only
limited information.
448 Harrison-Ainsworth, E. D. The History and War Records of the Surrey

Yeomanry (Queen Mary's Regt), 1797-1928. London: Printed
for Regimental Committee, 1928. The author effectively
describes the Salient and then briefly covers 2nd Ypres.
449 Hartcup, Guy. The War of Invention: Scientific Developments, 1914-

1918. London: Brassey's, 1988. Although Hartcup does not
discuss specific battles, his discussion of weaponry is a valuable
addition to understanding the situation of the B.E.F.
450 Harvey, Basil. The Rifle Brigade. London: Leo Cooper, 1975. Part of
a series of short regimental histories, this volume gives a brief
overview of Rifle Brigade battalions on the Western Front in
1914-15.
451 Hausen, General Freiherr von. Erinnerungen an den Marnefeldzug 1914:

mit einer einleitenden kritischen Studie. [Memories of the
Battle of the Marne: With a Critical Analysis.] Edited by
Friedrich Max Kircheisen. Leipzig: Köhler, 1919. This study is
the attempt of a German general to figure out how and why
Germany lost at the Marne.
452 Hawker, Tyrrel Mann. Hawker V.C.: The Biography of the Late Lanoe
George Hawker. London: Mitre Press, 1965. Hawker was one
of the early British flyers who made the R.F.C. a significant
factor in the first years of the war. This biographer is more
aware of the importance of the air arm to the ground war than
most who write about the air war.
453 Hawkins, Frank. From Ypres to Cambrai: The 1914-1919 Diary of

Infantryman Frank Hawkins. Edited by Arthur Taylor. Morley:
Elmfield Press, 1973. Hawkins narrates his experiences with
Queen Victoria's Rifles at Ypres in 1914 and 1915. His account
of Second Ypres is particularly detailed.
454 Hay, Ian. Carrying On: After the First Hundred Thousand. Edinburgh:
William Blackwood and Sons, n.d. Account devoted to actions
of the 9th (Scottish) Division from Loos through the Somme.
455 Hay, Ian. The First Hundred Thousand Being the Unofficial Chronicle of
a Unit of "K(I)". Edinburgh: William Blackwell and Sons,
1915; rpt. 1967. Hay's dramatic account, openly called fiction by
some, of the first British divisions on the Western Front does
give a sense of the B.E.F.'s achievement in the face of the
emerging horror of trench warfare.
456 Hayes, Carlton J. H. A Brief History of the Great War. New York:
Macmillan, 1921. Hayes provides a dependable narrative
history, but with only limited attention to military operations.
457 Hayes, Grace P. World War I: A Compact History. New York:

Hawthorn, 1972. Although not as brief as the title might suggest,
this volume is a basic survey history of the war and good mostly
as an introduction.
458 Haythornthwaite, Philip J. A Photohistory of World War One. London:

Arms and Armour, 1992; rpt.1998. Photographic images, as
presented in this work, bring home the horrors of the Western
Front more effectively than most prose descriptions.
459 Haythornthwaite, Philip J. The World War One Source Book. London:
Brockhampton Press, 1998. This encyclopedic volume is a
convenient source for factual details about the B.E.F. and its
battles.
460 Headlam, Cuthbert. History of the Guards Division in the Great War,
1915-1918. 2 Vols. London: John Murray, 1924. Loos is the
only Battle of the B.E.F. in 1915 given significant attention here,
but Headlam does a very effective job of setting the context in
which the Guards saw action.
461 Heaton, Frank and Sue Richardson. The Recollections of Three

Manchesters in the Great War: Mike Lally of the Old
Contemptibles, Joe Horgan of the Territorials, John Hallows of
the Pals. Swinton, Manchester: Neil Richardson, 1985.
Although short, like all personal narratives, this work offers
unique details.
462 Helfferich, Karl. Der Weltkrieg. [The World War.] Karlsruhe: Schille,
1919. Although basically diplomatic, this study provides valuable
background for understanding the role of the B. E. F.'s
commitment to the initial struggle on the Western Front.
463 Henniker, A. M. Transportation on the Western Front 1914-1918.

London: His Majesty's Stationery Office, 1937; rpt. n.d. Part of
the official British history of the war, this volume provides
detailed information regarding logistics that were vital in the
B.E.F.'s efforts.
464 Henriques, J. Q. The War History of the 1st Battalion Queen's

Westminster Rifles, 1914-1918. London: Medici Society, 1923.
Henriques includes some tactical descriptions, but as this
battalion was not in action often in the early part of the war, the
volume is more valuable for descriptions of life in the trenches.
465 [Herbert, Aubrey N. H.] Mons, Anzac and Kut by an MP. London:
Edward Arnold, 1919; rpt. 1930. Herbert's account of the retreat
from Mons is graphic and detailed. He was wounded and
captured but exchanged so that his involvement in the war
continued.
466 Herman, Gerald. The Pivotal Conflict: A Comprehensive Chronology of

the First World War, 1914-1919. New York: Greenwood Press,
1992. Traces events day by day with various categories,
including military actions, in parallel columns. A very useful
reference for organizing and establishing chronological

relationships
467 Herwig, Holger, H. The First World War: Germany and Austria-
Hungary, 1914-1918. London: Arnold, 1997. Herwig's account
of campaigning is detailed, and he is more critical of German
strategic and tactical efforts than most.
468 Herwig, Holger H. and Neil M. Heyman. Biographical Dictionary of

World War I. Westport: Greenwood Press, 1982. This volume
provides a convenient and useful reference for biographical
details for people on both sides of the conflict.
469 Herzfeld, Hans. Der Erste Weltkrieg. [The First World War.] München:
Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag, 1968. Thorough military and
political history valuable for giving a sense of the German
attitude about the war.
470 Heyman, Neil. World War I. Westport: Greenwood Press, 1997. A

volume in the Greenwood Press Guides to Historical Events of
the 20th Century, this book is a collection of facts, biographies,
documents, and an outline history of the war. It is a very
convenient and useful reference.
471 Higham, Robin. Ed. A Guide to the Sources of British Military History.
Berkeley. University of California Press, 1971. This excellent
resource deserves the attention of anyone studying World War I.
It was, of course, not intended to be exhaustive and is now
beginning to be out of date.
472 Hildenbrandt, Fred. [Thimmermann, Hermann.] Der Sturm auf

Langenmarck: von einem der dabei war. [The Storm at
Langenmarck: By One Who Was There.] München: Knorr &
Hirth, 1936. Narrative of the first Battle of Ypres.
473 Hilditch, A. Neville. Battle Sketches 1914-15. Oxford: Clarendon Press,

1915. The battles sketched in this volume include First Ypres
and Neuve Chapelle.
474 Hills, J. D. The Fifth Leicestershire, 1914-1918. Loughborough: Echo

Press, 1919. Hills effectively describes the unit's experiences
serving in the Ypres Salient for much of 1915.
475 Hills, R. J. T. The Life Guards. London: Leo Cooper, 1971. Although
short, this history does follow the regiment's contribution to the
early battles of World War I.
476 Hills, R. J. T. The Royal Dragoons. London: Leo Cooper, 1972. Brief
account including some facts about the B.E.F. in 1914-15.
477 Hills, R. J. T. The Royal Horse Guards. London: Leo Cooper, 1970.
Although brief, this account does include battles of 1914-15.
478 Hillson, Norman. Alexander of Tunis. London: W. H. Allen, 1952.

Hillson comments about Alexander as a young officer learning
his trade with the Irish Guards on the Western Front early in
World War I.
479 Historical Section (Military Branch) Committee of Imperial Defense.

"Our Opponents at the Battle of the Marne, 1914." Army
Quarterly 4 (1922): 240-47. This article provides an account
of the battle showing the dispositions of both the B.E.F. and the
Germans.
480 History of the1st and 2nd Battalions the North Staffordshire Regiment (The
Prince of Wales') 1914-1923. Longton, Staffordshire: Hughes
and Harper/The Royal Press, n.d. The account of the early
months of the war in this volume is limited, but it does include
some description of trench life and a few battles, including
Hooge and 2nd Ypres.
481 The History of the Prince of Wales' Own Civil Service Rifles. London:
Wyman & Sons for P. W. O. Civil Service Rifles, 1921. Provides
details of the unit and of individual heroics in action at Givenchy
and reserve at Festubert and Loos.
482 Hitchcock, F. C. Stand-To: A Diary of the Trenches, 1915-1918.

London: Hurst & Blackett, 1937; rpt. 1988. Hitchcock describes
some aspects of the situation in 1915 on the Western Front.
483 Hodder-Williams, Ralph. Princess Patricia’s Canadian Light Infantry,

1914-1919. 2 Vols. London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1923.
This is a very detailed account of the Canadian unit rushed to
Europe to be certain that Canadian forces had the chance to
participate in the war. The account of 2nd Ypres makes clear the
importance of the Canadian role. The second volume is
composed of individual’s records.
484 Hodges, Arthur. Lord Kitchener. London: Thornton Butterworth, 1936.

Hodges tends to be very supportive of Kitchener-giving him
credit for creating an effective staff, getting the defeatism of John

French under control during the Mons retreat, and supporting a
defensive strategy on the Western Front to minimize the impact
of a strategy of attrition. Not only is Hodges uncritical, but he
also uses such extensive excepts from other biographies that his
work is hardly worth consulting.
485 Hoeppner, Ernst von. Deutschlands Krieg in der Luft; ein Rückblick auf
die Entwichlung und die Leistungen unserer Heers
Luffstreitkräfte im Weltkrieg. Leipzig: Koehler, 1921;
Translation German's War in the Air: The Development and
Operations of German Military Aviation in the World War.
Trans. by J. Howley Larned. Nashville: Battery Press, 1994.
The struggle for control in the air began early in the war because
of the need for artillery observation. Although the Germans were
at times dominant, ultimately the Allies won this aspect of the
contest.
486 Hogg, I. V. and L. F. Thurston. British Artillery Weapons and

Ammunition 1914-1918. London: Ian Allen, 1973. Hogg and
Thurston discuss the problems of artillery ranging and
consistency and make clear the problems of learning the
application of firepower throughout the war.
487 Hogg, Ian. Gas. New York: Balantine, 1975. Hogg's account of gas
warfare, particularly, at Loos, helps make clear the problems with
this new technology.
488 Holland, J. A. The Story of the Tenth Canadian Battalion, 1914-1917.

Edited by T. G. Roberts. London: Charles and Son for Canadian
War Records Office, 1918. The Tenth Battalion, described in this
short work, was part of the first Canadian Division that arrived
in France early in 1915. The Tenth was battered in the counter
attack on Kitchener's Wood at Second Ypres.
489 Holmes, Richard. The Little Field Marshall: Sir John French. London:
Jonathan Cape, 1981. This excellent biography, while
sympathetic to its subject, does not pull punches. French's
problems and failures in 1914 are exposed and critiqued.
490 Holmes, Richard. Riding the Retreat: Mons to the Marne 1914 Revisited.
London: Jonathan Cape, 1995. Holmes, a retired colonel, rode,
actually on horseback, over the route followed by the B.E.F.
during the 1914 retreat from Mons. He mixes travel stories,
geographical observations, and local history into an account of
the World War I fighting. The result is an informative and

charming book that gives the reader a new appreciation of the
difficulties the soldiers of 1914 faced.
491 Holmes, Richard. The Western Front: Ordinary Soldiers and the
Defining Battles of World War I. New York: TV Books, 1999.
This volume is the companion to "The Western Front," which
was produced by the BBC and the History Channel. Holmes
masterfully translates the visual sense of the war given in the
video account into written description. Reading this volume is
an excellent way to get an overview of the events and experience
of the Western Front. It does not provide extensive details,
however.
492 Holt, Tonie and Valmai. Battlefields of the First World War: A
Traveller's Guide. London: Pavilion, 1993. The Holts'
depiction of the B.E.F.'s battlefields are an informative
introduction to the region in which the battles of 1914-15 were
conducted.
493 Holt, Tonie and Valmai. Major and Mrs. Holt's Battlefield Guide to the
Ypres Salient. London: Leo Cooper, 1999. Although intended
for travelers, the Holt's guide is a clear and well written
introduction to the battles of the B.E.F.
494 Home, Archibald. The Diary of a World War I Cavalry Officer.

Tunbridge Wells: Costello, 1985. Although cavalry had little
chance to be of significance later in the war, during the first
months movement on the battlefield remained a possibility. This
diary gives eyewitness testimony to the role of horse soldiers
with the B.E.F.
495 Hopkins, J. Castell. Canada at War: A Record of Heroism and

Achievement, 1914-1918. Toronto: Canadian Annual Review,
1919. This work is popular in style and nationalistic in theme.
496 Hopkinson, E. C. Spectamur Agendo. 1st Battalion the East Lancashire

Regiment, August and September 1914. Privately Printed, n.d.
This short--more pamphlet than book--work has an excellent
account of Le Cateau.
497 Horne, Alistair. The Death of a Generation: From Neuve Chapelle to

Verdun and the Somme. London: Macdonald, 1970. Horne, in
this extensively illustrated volume, emphasizes the heavy
casualty totals and minimal gains of 1915-16.
498 Home, Charles F. et al. Eds. Source Records of the Great War. 7 Vols.
N.P.: National Alumni, 1923. The accounts in these volumes
are written by a mix of eyewitnesses, journalists, and historians
from both sides. The approach provides balance while providing
strongly expressed points-of-view.
499 Howard, Michael. The First World War. Oxford: Oxford University
Press, 2002. This brief volume is intended as an introduction to
the war and succeeds quite well as such.
500 Howard, Michael. "Men Against Fire: The Doctrine of the Offensive in
1914." In Makers of Modern Strategy. Ed. by Peter Paret with
Gordon Craig and Felix Gilbert. Oxford: Oxford University
Press, 1986. Howard explains the nature of combat in 1914.
501 Howland, C. R. A Military History of the World War. 2 Vols. Ft.

Leavenworth, KS: General Services School Press, 1932.
Although the prose in this work, prepared as a text for the
American military, is extremely choppy, it does provide a very
detailed description of military operations and some interesting
analysis based on the U.S. Army's Principles of War. There are,
however, much more readable surveys that provide virtually
everything offered here. Volume 2 is an atlas.
502 Huguet, Général. L'Intervention Militaire Britannique en 1914. Paris:

Berger-Levrault, 1928; Translation: Britain and the War: A
French Indictment. London: Cassell, 1928; rpt. 1967. Huguet
was head of the French military mission attached to the Royal
Army and provides a description of the British battles of 1914.
He seems a an Anglophobe but was certainly an admirer of
General Sir Henry Wilson.
503 Hunt, M. S. Nova Scotia's Part in the Great War. Halifax: Nova Scotia
Veteran Publishing Co., 1920. Hunt includes much unusual and
obscure information about the war, but the organization of his
book, which lacks an index, makes extracting it difficult.
504 Hunter, T. M. Marshal Foch: A Study in Leadership. Ottawa:

Directorate of Military Training, Army Headquarters, 1961.
Hunter describes the cooperative elements in the Anglo-French
handling of the B.E.F.'s battles, and is critical of both Foch and
Sir John French.
505 Hussey, A. H. and Inman, D. S. The Fifth Division in the Great War.
London: Nisbet, 1921. In 1914, elements of the 5th Division

were involved in the retreat from Mons, and the battles of Le
Cateau, the Marne and the Aisne and then in 1915 at Hill 60 and
2nd Ypres. The authors' comments about tactical activity are
detailed, but they rarely expand their narrow focus to tie the
tactical situation to the overall campaign.
506 Hutchinson, Graham Seton. Warrior. London: Hutchinson, 1932.

Hutchinson reached the Western Front in November, 1914, and
from that point provides a detailed description of life in the
trenches. He does not, however, offer much account of combat
in the early battles.
507 Hyatt, A. M. J. General Sir Arthur Currie: A Military Biography.

Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1987. This short
biography outlines the career of the Canadian officer who was
ultimately very significant in the British command structure.
Although Canadian efforts and valor on the Western Front,
especially Second Ypres, are described, more complete accounts
are easily available.
508 Hyndson, J. G. W. From Mons to the First Battle of Ypres. N.P.: N.P.,
n.d. (Printed by Wyman & Sons, London, 1932). This bare
bones diary of service with the 1st battalion of the Loyal North
Lancashire Regiment in the 2nd Infantry Brigade covers the first
seven month of the war. It provides useful details of life at the
front.
509 In Spite of All Rejoicing: A Soldier's Diary of the Great War. New York:
Duffield, 1929. The descriptions of life on the Western Front in
1914 and 1915 in this diary are detailed and show a keen eye for
observation. Not very much about combat is included, however.
510 "Incidents of the Great War: No. 3 Two Minor Operations: The 6th
Battalion the Gloucester Regiment in Front of Hébuterne,
November, 1915, and the 17th H. L. I. Southwest of Thiepval,
April 1916, April 1916." Army Quarterly 8 (1924): 365-70.
Provides an example of the daily struggles on the Western Front.
511 Ingalls, Donald E. "Artillery Innovations in WWI." Field Artillery

Journal 42 (Sept.-Oct., 1974): 54-57. Ingalls' overview of
changes in the technology and use of artillery provides an
understanding of its importance in the war.
512 Inglefield, V. E. The History of the Twentieth (Light) Division. London:

Nisbet, 1921. Inglefield discusses the 20th Division's

involvement in diversionary attacks during the Battle of Loos and
includes some description of life in the trenches in the latter
months of 1915. His accounts are narrowly focused, however,
and provide little beyond the level of tactics.
513 Isaac, Jules. Joffre et Lanrezac: etude critique des témoignages sur le
rôle de la 5e Armée (Août 1914). [Joffre and Lanrezac: Critical
Study of Evidence about the Role of the 5th Army (August 1914.]
Paris: Chiron, 1922. Isaac includes a discussion of the problems
between John French and General Lanrezac. He generally
praises the Frenchman, but he does acknowledge that his
temperament was a problem in dealing with the British
commander.
514 Isselin, Henri. La Bataille de la Marne. NP: Arthaud, 1964. Translation:

The Battle of the Marne. Trans. by John Terraine. London:
Elek Books, 1965. This photographic work offers numerous
images and some comment concerning the battle.
515 Ivelaw-Chapman, John. The Riddles of Wipers. London: Leo Cooper,

1997. Provides an account of Wipers Times, the trench
newspaper produced in the Ypres Salient and very valuable for
a soldier's eye view of conditions. The author has done an
excellent job of sorting out in-jokes and slang so that the reader
can understand just what the paper's writers meant.
516 Jack, J. L. General Jack's Diary, 1914-1918. Ed. by John Terraine.

London: Eyre and Spottiswoode, 1964; rpt. 2000. Jack was a
junior officer in 1914, and his diary offers eyewitness testimony
to much of the first eighteen months of the war.
517 Jackson, H. M. The Royal Regiment of Artillery, Ottawa, 1855-1952.

Montreal: Privately Printed, 1952. Includes account of the
Ypres Salient in 1915.
518 Jackson, W. G. F. Alexander of Tunis As Military Commander. New

York: Dodd Mead, 1971. In August, 1914, Alexander was a
lieutenant in the 4th (Irish Guards) Brigade, 2nd Division, I
Corps, and Jackson discusses his learning his trade in the early
battles of the B.E.F.
519 James, E. A. A Record of the Battles and Engagements of the British

Armies in France and Flanders, 1914-1918. Aldershot: Gale
and Polden, 1924. Lists, without comment, units down to
brigade level in each battle of the war. This small volume was
originally published as articles in the Journal of the Royal United
Service Institution in August and November, 1923.
520 James, Fred. Canada's Triumph: From Amiens to Mons. London:

Charles and Sons, 1918. This overview is a compilation of the
author's articles written as a war correspondent.
521 James, Lawrence. Imperial Warrior: The Life and Times of Field-
Marshal Viscount Allenby, 1861-1936. London: Weidenfield
and Nicolson, 1993. James' report of Allenby and his cavalry in
1914-15 credits the importance of intelligence gathering. He has
high praise for Allenby's intelligence officer Colonel George
Barrow. He defends Allenby for command and control problems
because his units were very scattered, and condemns Hubert
Gough, a brigade commander, for attaching himself to Haig and
not being a good subordinate to Allenby. Although he admits
Allenby was not a fast learner, James gives him good marks.
522 James, Lionel. Ed. The History of King Edward's Horse. London:
Sifton, Praed, 1921. The battalions of this unit were split up as
divisional cavalry after arriving in France in April, 1915. The
accounts of this period are, therefore, episodic.
523 Jerrold, Douglas. The Hawke Battalion: Some Personal Records of Four
Years, 1914-1918. London: Ernest Benn, 1925. Although the
Hawke Battalion did not serve with the B.E.F. in France, it was
at Antwerp as part of the effort to hold that port. Jerrold
describes the unit's experiences with little comment.
524 Jervis, H. S. The 2nd Munsters in France. Aldershot: Gale and Polden,
1922. Jervis provides short factual accounts of the Munsters in
the retreat from Mons, Etraux (August 27), Hooge (November 9-
15), Festubert, and Loos.
525 Joachim, Theodor. Die operationen und rückwärtigen Verbindungen der

deutschen I Armee in der Marneschlacht, 1914. [The Operations
and Retreat of the German 1st Army in the Battle of the Marne,
1914.] Berlin: Mittler, 1933. Joachim offers a German
perspective on the Marne, the key battle of the initial fighting if
not the entire war.
526 Joffre, Joseph Jacques Césaire, l'ex-kronprinz impérial, le maréchal Foch,

and le général Ludendorff. Les deux batailles de la Marne, 5-11
septembre, 1914-15-18 juillet 1918. Paris: Payot, 1927;
Translation: The Two Battles of the Marne. London: Thornton

Butterworth, 1927. This volume is mostly interesting for the
perspectives of the various commanders who contributed. It is
far from the best account of the actual battles.
527 Joffre, Marshal. The Memoirs of Marshal Joffre. 2 Vols. Trans. by T.

Bentley Mott. London: Bles, 1932. Joffre, the supreme
commander of the French armies, provides an account of dealing
with the B.E.F.
528 Johnson, Douglas Wilson. Battlefields of the World War: Western and
Southern Fronts. A Study in Military Geography. New York:
Oxford University Press, 1921. Johnson does an excellent job of
relating the geography of France and Belgium to the events of
battles. He focuses on 1st and 2nd Ypres in his discussion of the
early part of the war, but one can extrapolate from his comments
to judge the impact of geography on other battles.
529 Johnson, Douglas Wilson. Topography and Strategy in the War. New
York: Henry Holt, 1917. Johnson's discussion of topography
helps clarify the decisions made by commanders during 1914-15,
and includes examples such as the influence on the Battle of the
Marne of the river's tributaries (Ourcq, Petit Morin, and Grand
Morin) that guide readers to an understanding the geography of
the Western Front and how that geography influenced strategic
thinking.
530 Johnston, Charles. Famous Generals of the Great War Who Led the
United States and Her Allies to a Glorious Victory. Freeport,
NY: Books for Libraries Press, 1970. Johnston includes French,
Joffre, and several other generals who were significant in the
battles of the B.E.F. in 1914-15. His analysis is, however, far
from critical.
531 Johnston, Samuel, C. N. Barclay, H. H. Story, and John Baynes. The

History of the Cameronians (Scottish Rifles). 4 Vols. Aldershot:
Gale & Polden, 1947-71. The authors follow battalions from the
Cameronians on the Western Front in 1914-15.
532 Johnstone, Tom. Orange, Green and Khaki: The Story of the Irish
Regiments in the Great War, 1914-18. Dublin: Gill and
Macmillan, 1992. There were numerous Irish units among the
"Old Contemptibles," and Johnstone provides detailed
descriptions of their activities.
533 Jones, I. Air Fighter's Scrapbook. London: Nicolson and Watson, 1938.
Although more attention is given to the knights of the air than to
fighting on the ground in this volume, there is information
concerning the significance of the air war to the B.E.F. in it.
534 Jones, Nigel. The War Walk: A Journey Along the Western Front.
London: Robert Hale, 1983. Jones actually walked the entire
front line and mixes first-hand observations of the locales with
accounts of the battles.
535 Kabisch, Ernst. Die Marneschlacht, 1914: Eine Deutsche Tragödie. [The
Battle of the Marne, 1914: A German Tragedy.] Berlin: Schlegel,
1934. Looking at the initial battles of the war from the German
point-of-view, Kabisch argues that the failure to carry the
Schlieffen Plan to success doomed the Germans to defeat.
536 Kann, Réginald. Le Plan de Campagne Allemand de 1914 et son

exécution. [The German Campaign Plan of 1914 and Its
Execution.] Paris: Payot, 1923. Kann describes the intentions of
the Germans and the results of their efforts, including the role of
the B.E.F. in stopping them.
537 Kearney, A. 1915 Campaign in France: The Battles of Aubers Ridge,

Festubert & Loos Considered in Relation to the Field Service
Regulations. Aldershot: Gale & Polden, 1929. Drawing from
official records, Kearney analyses the 1915 battles in terms of the
British Army's own doctrine.
538 Kearney, A. Notes on the Campaign in France, 1914. London: Sifton

Praed, 1934. This slight volume is little more than a study guide.
539 Keene, Louis. "Crumps": The Plain Story of a Canadian Who Went.
Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1917. This personal narrative
describes the experiences of a Canadian who was unwilling to
wait for his own army to get into action and accepted a
commission from the British. He was wounded and out of action
before the end of 1915.
540 Keeson, C. A. Cuthbert. The History and Records of Queen Victoria's

Rifles, 1792-1922. London: Constable, 1923. Although the unit
only reached France in 1915, Caisson does include some details
of action at Hill 60 and 2nd Ypres.
541 Keil, Hermann. Sächsische Reserve-Jäger-Battalion No. 13. [Saxon

Reserve Fusilier Battalion No. 13.] Dresden: Wilhelm and
Bertha von Baensch Stiftung, 1934. Provides information about

a unit that opposed the B.E.F.
542 Keith-Falconer, Adrian. The Oxfordshire Hussars in the Great War

(1914-1918). London: John Murray, 1927. This volume makes
clear the important role that the cavalry played in the first months
of the war and shows how its participation declined thereafter.
543 Kennedy, E. J. With the Immortal Seventh Division. London; Hodder

and Stoughton, 1916. This account, written by the divisional
chaplain, follows the Seventh through the end of the first year of
the war.
544 Kennedy, Joyce M. Distant Thunder: Canada's Citizen-Soldiers on the

Western Front. Manhatten: Sunflower University Press, 2000.
Kennedy, whose father was one of Canada's soldiers, tells of the
experiences of the CEF in 1915.
545 Kerr, Wilfred Brenton. "Historical Literature on Canada's Participation

in the Great War." Canadian Historical Review. 14 (1933):
312-36. This thorough though not quite complete listing is a
useful bibliographic aid. Kerr has supplements in the same
journal, volumes 15 (1934): 181-90, 453; and 16(1935): 364-6.
546 Kielmansegg, Peter Graf. Deutschland und der Erste Weltkrieg.

[Germany and the First World War.] Frankfurt-au-Main:
Akademisch Verlaggeseils, 1964; 2nd ed. 1980. This survey
from the German point-of-view provides information about
German problems in the first campaigns. Combat losses at 1st
Ypres were severe and some units also suffered from typhus and
dysentery. This battle was the end of the race to the sea.
547 King, Jere Clemons. Ed. The First World War. New York: Walker,
1972. King includes an account of the Marne taken from Joffre's
memoirs.
548 King, W. C. Ed. King's Complete History of the World War.

Springfield: History Associates, 1922; rpt. 1973. This is a well-
illustrated but superficial account.
549 Kingsford, Charles Lethbridge. The Story of the Royal Warwickshire

Regiment. London: Country Life and George Newnes, n.d.
Kingsford devotes eight chapters to World War I and two to
1914-15. He describes Le Cateau and Ypres and trench life.
550 Kipling, Rudyard. Ed. The Irish Guards in the Great War. 2 Vols.
London: Macmillan, 1923; rpt. 1996-97. Although well-written
and filled with details, Kipling's bitterness over the loss of his
son on the Western Front peaks out from the pages. Concerning
the B.E.F. he touches particularly on Mons, Neuve Chapelle,
Festubert, and Loos.
551 Kirchberger, Joe H. The First World War: An Eyewitness History. New
York: Facts on File, 1992. Provides an wealth of excerpts from
firsthand accounts but lacks interpretative commentary.
552 Kircheisen, Friedrich Max. Die Schlachten bei Ypren und Dixmude
(Oktober Und November 1914). [The Battles of Ypres and
Dixmude (October and November 1914).] Aarau: H. R.
Sauerländer, 1916. Provides a short account of the Battle of First
Ypres and the situation at Dixmude, which was inundated when
the Belgians cut dykes to allow the sea to block German
advances.
553 Kirke, R. M. St. G. "Some Aspects of Artillery Development During the

First World War on the Western Front." Journal of the Royal
Artillery. 101 (Sept., 1974): 130-40. Kirke examines some of
the problems of artillery work, such as transferring data from
aerial photos to maps.
554 Klein, Fritz, Willibald Gutsche, and Joachim Petzoid. Eds. Deutschland
im ersten Krieg. [Germany in the First War.] 3 Vols. Berlin:
Akademie-Verlag, 1968-69. Although more political than
military in focus, these authors do devote some attention to the
conduct of the war.
555 Klotz, Emil. Das Württembergische Reserve-Feldartillerie-Regiment Nr.

54 im Weltkrieg 1914-1918. [The 54th Wüttemberg Reserve
Field Artillery Regiment in the World War 1914-1918.]
Stuttgart: Belser, 1929. Klotz includes descriptions of fighting
against the B.E.F. and of the use of poison gas in 1915.
556 Kluck, Alexander von. The March on Paris and the Battle of the Marne,
1914. London: Edward Arnold, 1920. Originally Der Marsch
auf Paris und die Marneschlacht 1914. Berlin: Mittler, 1920.
General von Kluck commanded the German 1st army on the far
right of the sweep envisioned by the Schlieffen Plan. He
maintains that his force, if left to do so, could have flanked the
B.E.F. and driven on to Paris. He is critical of von Bülow to his
left for being too cautious and von Moltke for drawing back from
the original scheme of attack. Von Kluck was one of the best of
the German commanders and his account is well worth reading.
It seem clear, however, that he is defending his tendency to
arrogance and insubordination in some parts.
557 Knieling, Lutz and Arnold Bölsche. R.I.R. 234; ein Querschnitt durch
Deutschlands Schicksalsringen. [R.I.R. 234; An Example of
Germany's Fate.] Zweulenroda-Thür: Bernhard Sporn, 1931.
This history of the 234th Reserve Regiment includes its struggles
against the B.E.F. and involvement in the use of poison gas in
1915.
558 Koeltz, Commandant. L 'Armée von Kluck à la Bataille de la Marne.

[The Army of von Kluck at the Battle of the Marne.] Paris:
Lavauzelle, 1931. Koeltz traces the activity of the German First
Army at the key battle of 1914.
559 Koeltz, Commandant Ed. Documents Allemands sur la Bataille de la

Marne. [German Documents Concerning the Battle of the
Marne.] Paris: Payot, 1930. Koeltz includes reports from von
Bülow, Tappen, and Loebnitz.
560 Koeltz, Louis. La Guerre de 1914-1918: les operations militarires.

[Military Operations in the War of 1914-1918.] Paris: Sirey,
1966. Despite a French focus, Koeltz includes the operations of
allies in his account.
561 Koetzle, Hermann. Das Sanitätswesen im Weltkrieg, 1914-1918.

[Medical Services in the World War, 1914-1918.] Stuttgart:
Berger, 1924. Koetzle's account of medical work with the 27th
Division and 26th Reserve Division makes a useful comparison
to the services provided by the R.A.M.C. for the B.E.F.
562 Kolbe, Walther von. Die Marneschlacht. [The Battle of the Marne.]
Bielefeld: Velhagen & Klasing, 1917. Short account of the
battle that determined the outcome of the war.
563 Köppen, Hans. "The Battle of the Marne, 8th and 9th September, 1914."
Army Quarterly 28 (July, 1934): 297-303. The author, a
German officer, accompanied Hentsch, who was dispatched by
Moltke to review the situation in September and ordered the
retreat that resulted in the Battle of the Marne. He maintains that
Hentsch was depressed and foolishly ordered the Second Army
to retreat thus costing Germany its chance to win the war.
564 Krämer, Max. Die Geschichte des Reserve Infanterie Regiments 245 im
Weltkrieg, 1914-1918. [The History of Reserve Infantry
Regiment 245 in the World War, 1914-1918.] Liepzig: Verlag
Ehemalige Offiziere des R. I. R., 1922. This unit was at 1st
Ypres, where its historian notes the devastating effect of British
fire, and at 2nd Ypres, where it suffered from its own gas and its
officers misjudged the effects of the new weapon on the enemy.
565 Kuhl, Herman von. Der Deutsche Generalstab in Vorbereitung und

Durchfürung der Weltkrieg. [The German General Staff's
Preparation and Work During the World War.] Berlin: Mittler,
1920. Kuhl discusses German ideas about the British in the war.
566 Kuhl, Herman von. Der Marnefeldzug. [The Marne Campaign]. Berlin:
Mittler, 1921; French Translation La Campagne de la Marne
(1927). Von Kuhl was Chief of Staff to General Alexander von
Kluck, commander of the German 1st Army and the extreme
right of the German line in 1914. His position provides an
excellent view of the initial success and ultimate failure of the
Schlieffen Plan. Unfortunately, he does not clear up the role of
Lieutennant-Colonel Hentsch, who authorized the withdrawal of
the German right without, it has been charged, adequate
authority, though he does note that Hentsch's orders were treated
as coming directly from the supreme command. Concerning the
Marne, Kuhl credits the threat of a breakthrough by the B.E.F.
and French 5th Army as the crucial turning point.
567 Kuhl, Hermann von. Der Weltkrieg, 1914-1918. [The World War, 1914-
1918.] 2 Vols. Berlin: Weller, 1929; rpt. 1995. Kuhl provides
a comprehensive if somewhat pro-German overview of the war.
568 Laffin, John. Letters From the Front, 1914-1918. London: J. M. Dent
& Sons, 1973. Although reading the letters in this volume will
provide little information directly about the battles fought by the
B.E.F. in 1914-15, the descriptions of life on the Western Front
are excellent context for understanding the military situation.
569 Laffin, John. Swifter Than Eagles: The Biography of Marshal of the
Royal Air Force, Sir John Maitland Salmond. Edinburgh:
William Blackwood & Sons, 1964. Laffin describes the
experiences of Salmond, who was one of the first RFC officers
on the Western Front and involved in the early battles.
570 Laffin, John. The Western Front Companion, 1914-1918; A-Z Source to
the Battles, Weapons, People, Places, and Air Combat. London:
AlanSutton, 1997. Provides a very useful and convenient source

for getting factual details.
571 Laffin, John. The Western Front Illustrated, 1914-1918. London: Alan
Sutton, 1997. Laffin's collection pictures provides a powerful
sense of the horrors, combat, and daily life of the war.
572 Langley, M. The Loyal Regiment (North Lancashire): The 47th and 81st
Regiments of Foot. London: Leo Cooper, 1976. This short
history of the North Lancashire Regiment has only a few facts
concerning its involvement in the early battles of the B.E.F.
573 Lanrezac, Général. Le Plan de Campagne Français et le Premier Mois

de la Guerre. [The French Campaign Plan and the First Month
of the War.] Nouvelle édition. Paris: Payot, 1929. Although
focused on the French military, Lanrezac commanded the French
forces that were on the right of the B.E.F. during the initial
fighting. He provides some first-hand analysis of the B.E.F.,
especially at Mons. He also refutes the charges of Sir John
French that he left the British unprotected by failing to keep them
notified of his army's movements.
574 Latter, J. C. The History of the Lancashire Fusiliers. 2 Vols. Aldershot:

Gale and Polden, 1949. Latter's coverage of 1914-15 is
extensive, including Le Cateau, the retreat from Mons, and
Second Ypres. He also describes life in the trenches.
575 Laurent, André. La Bataille de la Marne (1914). [The Battle of the

Marne.] Le Cateau: Horvath, 1982; rpt. 1994. Heavily
illustrated account of the battle.
576 Lee, Albert. History of the Thirty-Third Foot, Duke of Wellington's (West
Riding) Regiment. Norwich: Jarrold & Sons, The Empire Press,
1922. This regiment was represented at a number of the battles
in 1914-15, and the regimental history provides particulars and
background.
577 Lefebure, Victor. The Riddle of the Rhine--Chemical Strategy in Peace

and War. London: Collins, 1923. Although the volume has a
broader focus than poison gas in World War I, it has a detailed
narrative of chemical operations on the Western Front from the
first use at Second Ypres. It also covers the Allied effort to
develop chemical weapons and their use starting with Loos.
578 Le Goffic, Charles. La victoire de la Marne, Les Marais de Saint-Gond.

Paris: Plon-Nourrit, 1916; Translation by Lucy Menzies:

General Foch at the Marne: An Account of the fighting in and
Near the Marshes of Saint-Gond. London: Dent, 1918. Le
Goffic's account of the Battle of the Marne is popular in style but
extensive.
579 Legros, Gen. La Genèse de la Bataille de la Marne. [The Origin of the

Battle of the Marne.] Paris: Payot, 1919. Although more
focused on the French than the British, the situation leading to
the battle of the Marne is certainly shown to have involved the
B.E.F.
580 Leinveber, Adolf. Mit Clausewitz durch die Rätsel und Fragen, Irrungen
und Wirrungen des Weltkrieges. [With Clausewitz Through the
Riddles and questions, Mistakes and Muddles of the World
War.] Berlin: B. Behrs/F. Feddersen, 1926. Leinveber gives
more attention and praise to the B.E.F. at Mons and Le Cateau
than most German authors.
581 Lestien, G. L'action du Général Foch a la bataille de la Marne. [The

Action of General Foch at the Battle of the Marne. Paris: Alfred
Costes, 1930. Foch's forces were in cooperation with the B.E.F.
582 Letard, E. Trois mois an Premier Corps de Cavalerie. [Three Months

with the First Cavalry Corps.] Paris: Plon-Nourrit, 1919.
Provides details of French cavalry helping to cover the B.E.F.
during the retreat from Mons. Supports Smith-Dorrien's account
of the situation leading to Le Cateau.
583 Letters from the Front: Being a Record of the Part Played by Officers of
the Bank in the Great War, 1914-1919. 2 Vols. Edited by C. L.
Foster and W. S. Duthie. Toronto: Canadian Bank of
Commerce, 1920-21. The first volume of this set is comprised
of letters from bank employees serving with CEF, including
powerful tales of Second Ypres, and the second is a roll of those
employees.
584 Liddell Hart, Basil H. Foch: Man of Orleans. London: Eyre and
Spottiswoode, 1931;rpt. 1980. Liddell Hart emphasizes Foch on
Sir John French, and argues that the Frenchman's aggressiveness
led to more B.E.F. casualties as the first two battles of Ypres than
were necessary. He analyzes the battles to prove his point.
585 Liddell Hart, Basil H. The Memoirs of Captain Liddell Hart. 2 Vols.
London: Cassell, 1965. Although Liddell Hart does not provide
much description of battle in this volume, his life-long crusade

against the Western strategy in World War I makes his comments
about strategy, tactics, and people worth attention.
586 Liddell Hart, Basil H. The Real War, 1914-1918. Boston: Little Brown,
1930; enlarged edition entitled A History of the World War
(1934; rpt. 1964). Liddell Hart established the historiographical
school that regards British strategy as foolish, rigid, and
destructive. His survey of the war is certainly intended to further
that view, but it is nonetheless factually accurate and well-
written.
587 Liddell Hart, Basil H. Reputations Ten Years After. London: John
Murray, 1928; rpt. 1968, 1980. Although his criticism of British
generalship would grow substantially in later works, in this book
Liddell Hart credits Haig with much skill when on the defensive.
He suggests significant problems with the general's offensive
thinking, however.
588 Liddell Hart, Basil H. Through the Fog of War. London: Faber and
Faber, 1938. Liddell Hart, perhaps the greatest critic of the
Western strategy, has a low opinion of French and Haig who
designed that strategy. He blames French for the separation of
the B.E.F.'s two corps resulting in II Corps having to fight alone
at Le Cateau. He also condemns French's failure to exploit initial
successes at Neuve Chapelle and rejects his claim to have
released reserve units appropriately during the Battle of Loos,
though he believes Haig overstated this problem. He also credits
Haig with having opposed attacking at Loos from the beginning
due to the shortage of artillery. Overall his treatment of the
generals seems more moderate than in many of his later works.
589 Liddle, Peter H. The Airman's War 1914-18. Poole: Bradford Press,
1987. Comprehension of the B.E.F.'s campaigns requires an
understanding of the emerging struggle in the air, and Liddle's
focus helps significantly with that understanding.
590 Liddle, Peter H. The Soldier's War, 1914-1918. London: Blandford

Press, 1988. Liddle's effort to picture the experience of the
infantryman on the Western Front is better than most of the many
such portrayals available.
591 Ligny, Hurault de. La Division du Maroc aux Marais de Saint-Gond (5-
10 Septembre, 1914). [The Moroccan Division at the Marshes
of Saint-Gond (5-10 September, 1914).] Paris: Charles
Lavauzell, n.d. The author's criticisms of General Foch and his

handling of French forces make the role of the B.E.F. at the
Marne seem very important.
592 Lindsay, J. H. Ed. The London Scottish. London: Regimental

Headquarters, 1926. Lindsay provides some background
information regarding Loos and Neuve Chapelle, and describes
the London Scottish in those battles as well as Givenchy and
Festubert. His focus, however, is generally narrow.
593 Livesey, Anthony. Great Battles of World War I. New York: Macmillan,
1989; rpt. 1996. This heavily illustrated volume gives a visual
sense of what the B.E.F. faced on the Western Front.
594 Livesey, Anthony. The Historical Atlas of World War I. New York:
Henry Holt, 1994. Livsey includes maps showing the battles and
helps make clear both the size and geographical limits for armies
on the Western Front.
595 Lloyd, Alan. The War in the Trenches. London: Hart-Davis MacGibbon,
1976. Using numerous illustrations, Lloyd depicts life and
combat on the Western Front.
596 Lloyd, R. A. A Trooper in the 'Tins': Autobiography of a Lifeguardsman.

London: Hurst & Blackett, n.d. Lloyd discusses his experiences
with the B.E.F. during 1914-15, particularly at First and Second
Ypres.
597 Lloyd George, David (Earl Lloyd George of Dwyfor). War Memoirs. 6
Vols. London: Nicolson and Watson, 1933-36; numerous rpts.
A prominent member of the government, Lloyd George has much
to say about the B.E.F. In 1914-15, he was particularly
interested in logistics, for he was on his way to being Minister of
Munitions.
598 Lomas, David and Ed Dovey First Ypres 1914: The Graveyard of the
Old Contemptibles. London: Osprey, 1999. A volume in the
Osprey Campaign Series, this short work is well-illustrated and
has a clear, simple description of First Ypres. It is a good
introduction.
599 Lomas, David and Ed Dovey. Mons 1914: The B.E.F.'s Tactical
Triumph. London: Osprey, 1997. This volume in the Osprey
Campaign Series is a typically well-illustrated, clear description
of the battle and an excellent introduction.
600 Lomont, A. Histoire de la Grand Guerre. [History of the Great War.]

Paris: Gedalge, 1923. Lomont gives the B.E.F. due credit,
particularly citing British tenacity as the key to success at First
Ypres.
601 Lossberg, Fritz. Meine Tätigkeit im Weltkrieg, 1914-1918. [My Activity

in the World War, 1914-1918.] Berlin: Mittler, 1939. Lossberg,
a defense specialist, describes the German effort in the first years
of the campaign and his own development of the elastic defense
in response to the relative successes of the British and French
attacks in September, 1915.
602 Love, A. G. "Casualties and Medical Statistics of the British Forces

During the World War." Military Surgeon 70 (Feb. 1932):
109-27. Love provides convenient access to some basic
information.
603 Luard, K. E. Unknown Warriors: Extracts from the Letters of K. E.

Luard, R. R. C, Nursing Sister in France, 1914-1918. London:
Chatto & Windus, 1930. Account by a nursing sister starting in
1915 that leaves no doubt about the horrors of trench warfare.
604 Lucas, Charles. Ed. The Empire at War. 5 Vols. London: Humphrey
Milford/Oxford University Press, 1921-26. Lucas provides some
details of Canadians in the 1915 battles such as Festubert, but is
particularly useful for statistical details of Imperial forces and
financial contributions to the British war effort.
605 Lucy, John. There's a Devil in the Drum. London: Faber & Faber, 1938;
rpt. 1992. Lucy was a corporal in the 2nd Royal Irish Rifles, and
first saw action at Le Cateau. He later fought at Neuve Chapelle.
His book is a good source for the attitudes of the common
soldier in the B.E.F.
606 Ludendorff, Erich. Das Marne-Drama. Der Fall Moltke-Hentsch. [The

Drama of the Marne. The Fall of Moltke and Hentsch.] Munich:
Ludendorff's Verlag, 1934. As one of the key German generals
of the war, Ludendorff's analysis in this pamphlet is certainly of
interest, but the fact that he was a rival of Moltke's for leadership
makes his judgement questionable.
607 Lupfer, Timothy T. The Dynamics of Doctrine: The Changes in German

Tactical Doctrines During the First World War. Fort
Levenworth, KS: Combat Studies Institute, 1981. Lupfer's
analysis of what the B.E.F. was up against is valuable. He argues
that the Germans were superior in tactical innovation, though not

all scholars agree.
608 Lyons, Michael J. World War I: A Short History. Englewood Cliffs:

Prentice-Hall, 1994. Lyons work is considerable and a good
introduction to the war.
609 Lyttelton, Oliver (Viscount Chandos). The Memoirs of Lord Chandos.

London: The Bodley Head, 1962. Lyttleton, who served in the
Grenadier Guards, arrived in France in February ,1915. He
comments about Festubert, and much more extensively about life
on the Western Front.
610 McBride, Herbert W. A Rifleman Went to War; Being a Narrative of the

Author's Experiences and Observations While With the
Canadian Corps in France and Belgium, September 1915-April
1917, With Particular Emphasis Upon the Use of the Military
Rifle in Sniping, Its Place in Modern Armament, and the Work
of the Individual Solder. Marines, NC: Small Arms Technical
Publishing, 1935; rpt. 1987. McBride was part of the 21st
Battalion, C. F. E., and give some description and comment
about the Western Front and action there. His main focus is,
however, the technical aspects of weaponry.
611 McCudden, James Thomas Byford. Five Years in the Royal Flying
Corps. London: The Aeroplane and General Publishing Co.,
1919; rpt. 1987 & 2000. The author served in France from the
beginning of the war, and follows the development and
involvement of the R.F.C. in the first years of the contest.
612 MacDonagh, Michael. The Irish at the Front. London: Hodder and
Stoughton, 1916. Although it does contain some details of Irish
troops with the B.E.F., this book is romanticized and histrionic.
It was apparently an effort to support recruiting in Ireland.
613 MacDonald, F.B. and John J. Gardner. The Twenty-Fifth Battalion,

Canadian Expeditionary Force: Nova Scotia's Famous
Regiment in World War One. Sydney: J. A. Chadwick, 1983.
This volume is an odd mix of minutia, personal observations
from soldiers, lists, and even poetry. It does, however, have
details that would be hard to find elsewhere.
614 Macdonald, Lyn. 1915: The Death of Innocence. New York: Henry Holt,
1995. Macdonald's amazing use of oral sources to provide the
soldier's eye view of the war is continued in this volume.
615 Macdonald, Lyn. 1914. New York: Atheneum, 1987. No one outdoes
Macdonald in her use of oral sources to recreate the experiences
of soldier's in World War I. This volume is the first of a series
that covers the entire war.
616 Macdonald, Lyn. 1914-1918: Voices and Images of the Great War.
London: Michael Joseph, 1988; rpt. 1991, 1999. Macdonald's
collection of eye-witness accounts, photography, poetry, and
other comments convey's a sense of the foolishness of World
War I and gives a very personal and humane perception of the
soldiers who were caught up in it.
617 Macdonald, Lyn. The Roses of No Man's Land. London: Michael

Joseph, 1980. Macdonald's evocative descriptions of caring for
the wounded and the nurses who did so puts the cold facts of
casualty and sickness statistics into a very human context.
618 McEntee, Girard Lindsley. Military History of the World War. New
York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1937. McEntee focuses tightly on
military operations with clear descriptions of each battle and
numerous maps. Unfortunately, he offers very little comment or
analysis beyond indicating what did and did not work for the
units involved. His bibliography is excellent.
619 McGilchrist, A. M. The Liverpool Scottish, 1900-1919. Liverpool:

Henry Young, 1930. McGilchrist effectively describes life in the
trenches and makes some comments about tactics. The
Liverpool Scottish were only involved in limited combat in 1914-
15, however.
620 MacGill, Patrick. The Great Push London: Herbert Jenkins, 1916.
Unusually vivid account of the Battle of Loos by a stretcher-
bearer.
621 Mackenzie, C. J. Andrew George Latta McNaughton, 1887-1966.

Ottawa: Royal Society of Canada, 1968. McNaughton was to
become one of the more influential figures in the development of
artillery doctrine during the war. His biography shows his
learning process in the early battles.
622 McKeown, J. D. From Otterpool to the Rhine With the 23rd Battery,
Canadian Field Artillery, Via Caestre, St. Eloi, Ypres, The
Somme, Vimy, Hill 70, Cinnabar Trench, Passchendaele, Arras,
Amiens, Cambria, Valenciennes, Mons. London: Charles and
Son, n.d. Very short account of Canadian unit in France.
623 McKinley, Albert E. Collected Materials for the Study of the War.
Philadelphia: McKinley Publishing, 1918. The bibliography in
this volume is heavily concerned with the early part of the war
and dominated by anti-German propaganda.
624 Macmillan, Harold. Winds of Change, 1914-1939. New York: Harper

and Row, 1966. Macmillan, a future Prime Minister, was with
the King' Royal Rifle Corps in 1914 and the next year the
Grenadier Guards. He describes his experiences, including the
Battle of Loos at which he was wounded, but offers little
overview of the situation.
625 MacMunn, George with A. R. Spurgin. The History of the Sikh Pioneers
(23rd, 32nd, and 34th). London: Sampson Low, Marston, 1936.
MacMunn tells the story of part of the Indian forces that worked
on the Western Front from the end of 1914 through much of
1915.
626 MacNaughtan, S. My War Experiences in Two Continents. London:

John Murray, 1919. The author's background as a novelist shows
in his account of the fighting in Antwerp and the early days of the
war in Flanders.
627 MacPhail, Andrew. In Flanders Fields. Toronto: Briggs, 1919. This

book is a biographical sketch of John McCrae, best known for his
poem "In Flanders Fields" but also a hero at Second Ypres.
628 MacPhail, Andrew. Official History of the Canadian Forces in the Great
War, 1914-1919: The Medical Services. Ottawa: Canadian
Ministry of National Defense, 1925. This volume includes
details of the difficulties and heroics of the medical services in
helping Canadian soldiers in all of their battles as well as
addressing general medical issues.
629 McPherson, William L. A Short History of the Great War. New York: G.
P. Putnam's Sons, 1920. McPherson provides a narrative history
with reasonable amounts of detail about military operations in
1914-15.
630 McPherson, William L. The Strategy of the Great War. New York: G. P.
Putnam's Sons, 1919. McPherson is quite critical of the
leadership on both sides in 1914. He asserts that there was no
"miracle" at the Marne, a battle that he perceives, somewhat
oddly, as really a French trap that was only partially successful.
He minimizes the British contribution. He is more favorable to
the British efforts on the Western Front in 1915, noting more

effective use of artillery.
631 Macready, Nevil. Annals of an Active Life. 2 Vols. New York: George
H. Doran, 1925. As Adjutant-General to Sir John French,
Macready handled many aspects of logistics for the B.E.F., and
he does a good job in focusing on his own activities rather than
writing an overall history of the war. His book is very valuable
background for understanding the problems of the first year and
a half of the war.
632 McWilliams, James L. and R. James Steel. Gas! The Battle for Ypres,
1915. St. Catherine's, Ontario: Vanwell Publishing, 1985. This
description of the Battle of Second Ypres is detailed and
thorough.
633 Madelin, Louis. La Victoire de la Marne. Paris: Plon-Nourrit, 1916;

Translation by Lilly M. Grove: The Victory of the Marne: The
Enemy's Onslaught, Order to Stand Firm, the Battle, Immediate
Results, Historic Consequences. Paris: A. Colin, 1917. The
author, a French staff officer and historian, has briefly outlined
the basic events of the battle.
634 Mangin, Général. Des Hommes et des faits. [Men and Events.] Paris:
Plon-Nourrit, 1923. Although Mangin's account of the Marne is
quite good, he tends to credit the efforts of the B.E.F. to the
French under General d'Esperey.
635 Magnus, Philip. Kitchener: Portrait of an Imperialist. London: John

Murray, 1958. Although aging, Magnus's biography remains one
of the best. Although sympathetic to Kitchener, he does not fail
to criticize commenting for instance on his lack of effective use
of a staff and tendency to treat Sir John French as merely a
subordinate in the field. He provides a clear and thorough
account of Kitchener's involvement in developing the army at
home as well as in strategic decisions in France.
636 Mann, Michael. The Regimental History of 1st the Queen's Dragoon
Guards. Wilby: The Dragoon Guards, 1993. Mann's long
history of the Queen's Dragoon Guards follows elements of the
unit on the Western Front.
637 March, Francis A. History of the World War: An Authentic Narrative of

the World's Greatest War. Philadelphia: John C. Winston, 1918.
Although March provides some detailed descriptions of military
operations, his pro-Allies biases are so strong that his

conclusions cannot be credited. He treats the smallest of British
gains as victories, and often comments about German atrocities.
638 Marden, T. O. A Short History of the 6th Division, Aug. 1914-March
1919. London: Hugh Rees, 1920. This very short volume
provides a few details and minimal descriptions of battalions of
the division.
639 Marling, Percival. Rifleman and Hussar. London: John Murray, 1931;
rpt. 1935. Marling served on the Western Front in 1914 as
commander of interpreters for Indian troops. He provides some
details of life for soldiers and problems for a multilingual force,
but few about the fighting.
640 Marshall, S. L. A. World War I. New York: American Heritage, 1964;

rpt. 1987. Marshall, a well-known general and historian, does a
complete overview of the war but does not focus on the B.E.F. in
great detail.
641 Marshall-Cornwall, James. Foch as Military Commander. London:

Batsford, 1972. Marshall-Cornwall is critical of Foch in 1914,
suggesting that he pushed offensive efforts beyond reason,
leading to excessive casualties. By the end of the year he was,
however, learning from the British.
642 Marshall-Cornwall, James. Haig as Military Commander. New York:

Crane, Russak, 1973. Although he condemns Haig for failing to
grasp the end of cavalry's role in combat, Marshall-Cornwall
argues that Haig learned in 1914-15 about the need for greatly
increased artillery and that he was right in challenging French for
overall command.
643 Martin, Arthur Anderson. A Surgeon in Khaki. London: Edward Arnold,

1917. Although his accounts are sometimes superficial, Martin
provides details of medical care, especially at the Battles of the
Marne and Aisne. Martin served until killed at the Somme in
1916, but his book covers only his service in 1914.
644 Martin, A. G. Mother Country Fatherland: The Story of a British-Born

German Soldier. London: Macmillan, 1936. Martin's
description of the Western Front ends with the Marne due to
being captured by the Germans.
645 Martin, George and Wally. Echoes From Hell: Letters From the Western
Front. Hitchin, Hertfordshire: Dodman Press, 1982. This
volume, really a pamphlet, contains three letters with information

about the Battle of Aubers Ridge.
646 Martin, Stuart. The Story of the Thirteenth Battalion, 1914-1917. Edited
by T. G. Roberts. London: Charles and Son for the Canadian
War Records Office, 1918. Very short account of a battalion that
as part of the Third Brigade was involved in Second Ypres and
the struggles in the Ypres Salient in 1915. The volume's limited
value arises from its foundation on official sources.
647 Marx, Lieut.-General. Die Marne-Deutschlands Schicksal? [Did the

Marne Seal Germany's Fate?] Berlin: E. S. Mittler und Sohn,
1932. Marx surveys the initial campaigns of the war and
concludes that Germany simply did not have enough manpower
to win in 1914.
648 Masefield, John. The Old Front Line. London: Heinemann, 1917.
Masefield shows his skill as a poet in his lyrical descriptions of
the Western Front and gives a powerful sense of what the
soldiers faced.
649 Masters, John. Fourteen-Eighteen. London: Michael Joseph, 1965.

Masters, a successful novelist, provides a heavily illustrated
account of the war.
650 Mathies, Otto, Guth, Karl and A. Bunnermann. Geschichte des 3

Oberelsässich Feldartillerie-Regiments Nr. 80. [Story of the 3
Oberelsässich Field Artillery Regiment No. 80.] Berlin:
Stalling, 1928. This regimental history offers accounts the
German side in the battles of the B.E.F., including the use of
poison gas against the British.
651 Maude, Alan H. Ed. The 47th (London) Division, 1914-1919. London:
Amalgamated Press, 1922. This volume has details of the Battles
of Festubert and Loos, including some vignettes of heroics by
members of the Division. The discussion of learning the use of
gas for Loos is particularly notable.
652 Maunsell, E. B. Prince of Wales Own, The Scinde Horse. Published

Privately by the Regimental Committee, 1926. Although the
accounts of life at the front in this volume are more detailed and
interesting than those of combat, some description of Festubert,
Neuve Chapelle and Ypres is included. Maunsell is critical of
British officers who treated war as a game and got men killed
unnecessarily.
653 Maurice, Frederick. Forty Days in 1914. New York: George D. Doran,
1919. Maurice attempts to piece together the movements of the
Germans during the retreat from Mons and thus to deduce their
plans. Written without access to German records, this book
includes a great deal of speculation. He credits the B.E.F. with
saving the French 5th Army and preventing the Germans from
rolling up the French line.
654 Maurice, Frederick. The History of the London Rifle Brigade, 1859-1919.
London: Constable, 1921. Maurice's work as regimental
historian is better than most.
655 Maurice, Frederick. Lessons of Allied Co-operation: Naval, Military and

Air 1914-1918. London: Oxford University Press, 1942.
Although not focused on the B.E.F. particularly and heavily
based on the British official histories, this volume offers some
interesting perspectives on the relationships of the Allies.
656 Maurice, Frederick. The 16th Foot: A History of the Bedfordshire and
Hertfordshire Regiment. London: Constable, 1930. Though the
section about World War I is brief, Maruice does outline the
regiment's efforts as part of the B.E.F. in 1914-15.
657 Maurice, Frederick. Soldier, Artist, Sportsman: The Life of General Lord
Rawlinson of Trent. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1928.
Rawlinson, already a major-general in 1914, was initially
assigned to the War Office when the war broke out. In mid-
September he was given command first of the Forth Division and
then of IV Corps, though he missed the initial battles of the
B.E.F. In 1915 he was involved in the planning of the Battles of
Neuve Chapelle and Loos. Maurice's account of his subject's
activities is thorough though sometimes overly sympathetic.
658 Maxwell, Frank. VC: A Memoir and Some Letters. Edited by His Wife.
London: John Murray, 1921. Personal comments and narrative
make this volume significant.
659 Mayer, S.L., and W. J. Koenig. The Two World Wars: A Guide to the
Manuscript Collections in the United Kingdom. London:
Booker, 1976. Despite some gaps this is an excellent reference
for manuscript sources held by museums and archives, large and
small, public and private.
660 Mead, Peter. The Eye in the Air: History of Air Observation and
Reconnaissance for the Army, 1785-1945. London: Her
Majesty's Stationery Office, 1983. Even very early in the war the
airplane was proving itself a valuable observation platform.
Mead illustrates this by showing that poor weather before Aubers
Ridge limited aerial observation and thus limited the success of
the artillery with the result that the attack failed.
661 Menzel, E. La verité sur l'evacuation d'Anvers en 1914. [The Truth

about the Evacuation of Antwerp in 1914.] Bruges: Desclée de
Brouwer et Cie, n.d. Menzel suggests that the British over-
reacted to the situation when, at the urging of Churchill, they sent
help to Antwerp.
662 Merewether, J. W. B. and Frederick Smith. The Indian Corps in France.

London: John Murray, 1917. Although popular in style, this
volume does provide details of units and individuals in action at
1st Ypres, Neuve Chapelle, Festubert, Givenchy, 2nd Ypres, and
Loos.
663 Mermeix. Le Commandement Unique. [Unity of Command.] 2 Vols.

Paris: Ollendorff, 1920. The author, who believes that unity of
command on the Western Front was badly needed, believes that
John French was overly independent until pressure from
Kitchener led him, after the battle of the Marne, to be more
cooperative with his allies. He also suggests that the influence of
the French general Foch became more and more dominant over
the Englishman. When Haig took command, independence again
became a problem, but Mermeix accepts the fact that by the time
of Haig's promotion the B.E.F. was much more significant and
had more claim on independence.
664 Messenger, Charles. Trench Fighting 1914-1918. New York: Ballentine

Books, 1972. Thanks to numerous illustrations, this volume is an
effective introduction to the situation of the B.E.F. in 1914-15.
665 Michelin. Battle-Fields of the Marne (1914). Clermont-Ferrand,

Michelin, 1919. This volume, part of a series of travel guides,
provides historical and geographical information about the region
of the covered.
666 Michelin. Ypres and the Battles for Ypres, 1914-1918. London:
Michelin, 1919. One of the Michelin travel guides, this volume
is informative and well illustrated. It is a good introduction to
the battle areas.
667 Micholls, G. A History of the 17th Lancers, 1895-1924. London:

Macmillan, 1931. The 17th was heroic at Festubert.
668 Middleton, Edgar. The Great War in the Air. 4 Vols. London: Waverley,
1920. Middleton provides extensive coverage of the air war and
makes clear the significance of air power from the beginning of
the conflict.
669 Militärgeschichtliches Forschungsamt. Handbuch zur deutschen

Militärgeschichte. [Handbook of German Military History.] 5
Vols. Munich: Bernard & Graefe Verlag, 1979. This set of
reference books has dramatic but accurate descriptions of the
1914-15 battles fought by the B.E.F. from the German
perspective.
670 Miquel, Pierre. Les Hommes de la Grande Guerre: Histoires vraies.

[The Men of the Great War: True Histories.] NP: Marabout,
n.d. Miquel describes the battles in which the B.E.F. fought in
1914-15, especially the Marne, but his interest is more the French
than the British.
671 Mitchell, T. J., and G. M. Smith. Casualties and Medical Statistics of the
Great War: Official Medical History of the War. London: His
Majesty's Stationery Office, 1931. This is a useful collection of
information, but John Terraine argues forcefully that the casualty
numbers are not reliable.
672 Mole, W. R. Ed. Historical Record of the 4th Battalion 16th Punjab
Regiment. Privately Published, n.d. Mole includes accounts of
the unit at Neuve Chapelle, Festubert and Second Ypres.
673 Molesworth, G. N. Ed. A Soldier's War: Being the Diary of the Late
Arthur Henry Cook, D.C.M., M.M., B.E.M., Written During Four
Years' Service With the 1st Battalion, The Somerset Light
Infantry, on the Western Front, France, During the Great War,
1914-18. Taunton: E. Goodman and Son, n.d. Molesworth's
unit was with the 11th Brigade in the 4th Division in the initial
campaigns of the war.
674 Molony, C. V. "Invicta ": With the First Battalion the Queen's Own Royal
West Kent Regiment in the Great War. London: Nisbet, 1923.
Drawn from the author's and other soldier's diaries the accounts
in this volume vary in quality but often include useful first-hand
details. Most of the battles of 1914-15 are covered, but the
description of the battalion's stand at Neuve Chapelle is
particularly good.
675 Moltke, Helmut von. Erinnerungen, Briefe, Dokumente 1877-1916.

[Memories, Letters, Documents 1877-1916.] Stuttgart: Der
Kommende Tag, 1922. The German high commander's
comments (often privately to his wife) offer some insight into
German operations and decision making.
676 Money, R. R. Flying and Soldiering. London: Ivor Nicholson & Watson,
1936. Money was involved in the Loos campaign and provides
personal observations of the involvement of British air forces.
677 Montague, C. E. Disenchantment. London: Chatto & Windus, 1922; rpt.

1928, 1940, 1968, 1978. These ruminations offer some
perspective concerning attitudes toward the war but relatively
little about specific operations.
678 [Montague-Marsden, Maurice Arthur.] A Short History of Captured

Guns, The Great European War, 1914-1918. The British
Columbia Regiment (7th Bn., C. E. F.). The Seaforth
Highlanders of Canada (72nd Bn., C. E. F.). Vancouver:
Anderson Printing, n.d. As part of the Second Brigade, the
Seventh Battalion was active in the Ypres Salient from the early
part of 1915.
679 Montgomery, B. L. The Memoirs of Field-Marshal the Viscount

Montgomery of Alamein. London: Collins, 1958. Montgomery
fought on the Western Front, especially at Le Cateau, and was
wounded late in 1914. His account here is unfortunately quite
brief.
680 Montgomery-Cunninghame, Thomas. Dusty Measure: A Record of

Troubled Times. London: John Murray, 1939. The author
includes a brief account of British and French headquarters in the
first months of the war, before he was sent to the East, where he
spent the rest of the conflict.
681 Moody, R. S. H. Historical Records of the Buffs East Kent regiment (3rd
Foot) Formerly Designated the Holland Regiment and Prince
George of Denmark’s Regiment, 1914-1919. London: Medici
Society, 1922. Although the author’s choice of organizing by
battalion results in information about particular battles being
scattered, he does provide a narrowly focused but detailed
description, especially of Second Ypres.
682 Moore, W. Notes on the Operations of the British Expeditionary Force,

August 22nd to September 9, 1914. N.P.:N.P., n.d. Provides a
detailed account of the tactics in the first days of the war and
includes some effort to show how plans failed or succeeded.
Moore's book is a good introduction to the early tactics of the
B.E.F.
683 Moore, William. Gas Attack! Chemical Warfare 1915-18 and

Afterwards. London: Leo Cooper, 1987. Although lacking in
scholarly support, Moore's account of chemical warfare is
comprehensive and makes clear the importance of chemical
weapons throughout the conflict.
684 Moorehead, Alan. Montgomery: A Biography. New York: Coward-

McCann, 1946. Moorehead provides a brief chapter concerning
Montgomery in combat in 1914 (Le Cateau) and being wounded
late in the year.
685 Moorhouse, Brendon. Forged by Fire: The Battle Tactics and Soldiers of
a WWI Battalion, The 7th Somerset Light Infantry. Spellmount,
2003. Moorhouse shows the evolution of the B.E.F. from a small
professional force to a large-scale conscripted army. The trends
identifiable during the early months of fighting come to fruition
by the time of victory.
686 Mordacq, H. Général. Le drame de l'Yser: la surprise des gaz (avril,

1915). [The Drama of the Yser: The Surprise of Gas (April,
1915)] Paris: Éditions des Portiques, 1933. Mordacq's
description of the impact of poison gas is very effective, but his
focus is more on the French experience than that of the B.E.F.
687 Morgan, Frederick. Peace and War: A Soldier's Life. London: Hodder
and Stoughton, 1961. Morgan was with the Lahore Division
artillery and describes the battles of Neuve Chapelle and 2nd
Ypres at which being in an explosion forced him to staff duties
for the rest of the war.
688 Morgan, J. H. Leaves from a Field Note-Book. London: Macmillan,

1916. This personal narrative has a powerful description of
Second Ypres.
689 Morrow, John H., Jr. The Great War in the Air: Military Aviation from
1909 to 1921. Washington: Smithsonian, 1993. Although
Morrow discusses the tactical importance of aviation, his main
focus is on technological development.
690 Morton, Desmond. "A Canadian Soldier in the Great War: The
Experiences of Frank Maheux." Canadian Military History 1

(1992): 79-89. Maheux's letters, which provide the basis for this
article, offer a crude but powerful portrayal of the Western Front
in 1915.
691 Morton, Desmond. When Your Number's Up: The Canadian Soldier in
the First World War. Toronto: Random House, 1993. Although
mostly valuable for background, Morton does draw examples
from the 1915 battles in which Canadians fought.
692 Morton, Desmond and J. L. Granatstein. Marching to Armageddon:

Canadians and the Great War 1914-1919. Toronto: Lester &
Orpen Dennys, 1989. The coverage of military activity in this
volume is relatively brief but well-illustrated.
693 Moser, Otto von. Ernsthafte Plauderein über den Weltkrieg. [Serious
Talk About the World War.] Stuttgart: Belser, 1924. Moser
argues that the Germans should have been more innovative in
1914, especially as the Schlieffen Plan began to break down.
Then in 1915 their focus should have been the British.
694 Moser, Otto von. Kürzer strategischer Überblick über den Weltkrieg. [A
Short Strategic Overview of the World War.] Berlin: Mittler,
1921. Moser comments extensively about battles against the
B.E.F. arguing that the Germans were too cautious after the
Marne and that they should have put all possible effort against
the British, the greatest enemy, in 1915.
695 Moser, Otto von. Die Württemberger in Weltkrieg. [The Wurttembergers

in the World War.] Stuttgart: Belser, n.d. Moser includes some
discussion of the 54th Reserve Division at First Ypres.
696 Mottram, R. H., John Easton, and Eric Partridge. Three Personal Records
of the War. London: Scholartis Press, 1929. These accounts
include detailed descriptions of the Ypres Salient in 1915 and the
Battle of Loos.
697 Moyer, Laurence V. Victory Must Be Ours: Germany in the Great War:
1914-1918. New York: Hippocrene, 1995. Although more
political and social than military history, this volume provides
excellent background to the German situation during the war and
makes military strategies and tactics easier to understand.
698 Moynihan, Michael. Ed. People at War, 1914-1918. Newton Abbot:

David and Charles, 1973. This collection drawn from the
Imperial War Museum and from responses to a request in the

Sunday Times, is poignant at times and gives a sense of personal
response to the war, but it lacks context.
699 Moynihan, Michael. Ed. A Place Called Armageddon: Letters From the
Great War. Newton Abbot: David and Charles, 1975. The
letters, all written by private soldiers, in this volume are useful
for individual details but must be set into context to have much
value for historical analysis. Of the early battles, only Loos gets
much individual attention.
700 Muller, Commandant Joffre et la Marne. [Joffre and the Marne.] Paris:
Crès, 1931. The author examines the French commander-in-
chief and his decisions that led the B.E.F. into the Battle of the
Marne.
701 Muller-Loebnitz, Lieut.-Col. Die Sendung des Oberstleutnants Hentsch.

[The Mission of the Lieutenant-Colonel Hentsch.] Berlin:
Mittler, 1922. This short work was prepared for the
Reichsarchiv but ruled too long for inclusion in the official
historical publication. Hentsch's decisions as the representative
of Moltke began the change in German operations that opened
the way for the Franco-British counter thrust that became the
Battle of the Marne. More of Hentsch's own report can be found
here than in other sources.
702 Müller-Loebnitz, Wilhelm von. Der Wendepunkt des Weltkrieges. [The

Turning Point of the World War.] Berlin: Mittler, 1921. The
author agrees with many British and French authors that the
Battle of the Marne was the turning point of the war.
703 Munro, Jon S. Youth of Yesteryear: Campaigns, Battles, Service and

Exploits of the Glasgow Territorials in the Last Great War.
London: William Hodge, 1939. Munro has brief accounts of the
activities and battles of the B.E.F. from November, 1914,
through 1915.
704 Munro, Jack. A Dog Story of the Princess "Pats": Mopping Up!
Through the Eyes of Bobbie Burns, Regimental Mascot. New
York: H. K. Fly, 1918. Although initially told as if written by
the regiment's pet dog, this memoir is actually a quite well-
written narrative of the members of the unit and their experiences
until June, 1915, when the author was invalided home.
705 Murphy, C. R. R. The History of the Suffolk Regiment, 1914-1927.

London: Hutchinson, 1928. Murphy's brief accounts of

battalions in action includes details but little context.
706 Murray, A. M. The "Fortnightly" History of the War. London: Chapman

and Hall, 1916. Developed from the author's articles in the
Fortnightly Review, this volume provides a readable but
journalistic description of the B.E.F.'s battles.
707 Murray, W. W. The History of the 2nd Canadian Battalion (East Ontario
Regiment) Canadian Expeditionary Force in the Great War,
1914-1919. Ottawa: Historical Committee, 2nd Battalion, C. E.
F., 1947. Part of the First Brigade, the Second Battalion,
described in this volume, was part of the First Canadian Division
that was in France by early 1915 and involved in Second Ypres.
708 Nasmith, George. Canada's Sons and Great Britain in the World War.
Toronto: John C. Winston, 1919. Nasmith was with the original
C.E.F., and his book is based on personal observation.
Unfortunately, he allows his nationalist sentiments to color his
commentary.
709 Nasmith, George G. On the Fringe of the Great Fight. Toronto:

McClelland, Goodchild and Stewart, 1917. The author, who did
laboratory work behind the lines, describes the problems of
sanitation and impact of poison gas.
710 Neillands, Robin. The Great War Generals on the Western Front.
London: Robinson, 1998. Although Neillands starts with a
declaration of strong revisionism regarding criticisms of generals
in World War I, the body of his book is quite even-handed
criticizing and defending as seems appropriate. Unfortunately
his bibliography does not suggest a very strong basis for
comment on the leadership of any army other than the British.
711 Neuburg, Victor E. A Guide to the Western Front: A Companion for

Travellers. London: Penguin, 1988. Guidebooks such as this
give a very good sense of the geography of the Western Front.
712 Neumann, Georg Paul. Ed. Die Deutschen Luftreitkräfte im Weltkriege.

Berlin: Mittler, 1920; Translation: The German Air Force in the
Great War. Translated by J. E. Gurdon. London: Hodder and
Stoughton, 1920; rpt. 1969. Neumann's work is one of the most
important studies of German air power and follows that arm from
the early battles on to the end of the war. The English
translation, it is significantly reduced from the German original.
713 Nevinson, Henry W. Last Changes Last Chances. London: Nisbet,

1928. Nevinson sketches the situation on the British front in
1914 from personal observations.
714 Newman, Bernard and I. O. Evans. Anthology of Armageddon. London:

Greehill Books/ California: Presidio Press, 1985. This
collection of accounts of combat includes descriptions of the
B.E.F. in 1914-15.
715 Newton, W. Douglas. The Undying Story: The Work of the British
Expeditionary Force on the Continent from Mons, August 23rd,
1914, to Ypres, November 15th, 1914. London: Jarold & Sons,
1915. Provides a popular, descriptive account of the first battles
of the B.E.F.
716 Nicolson, G. W. L. Official History of the Canadian Army in the First

World War: The Canadian Expeditionary Force, 1914-1918.
Ottawa: Queen's Printer, 1962. This work, the Canadian Official
History, is extensive and detailed.
717 Nicolson, Lothian and MacMullen, H. T. History of the East Lancashire

Regiment in the Great War, 1914-1918. Liverpool: Littlebury
Bros., 1936. The wartime activities of some eighteen battalions
are covered in this book. Although almost every battle of the
B.E.F. is included, getting a full picture requires piecing bits of
the story together from various parts of the text. The details
provided are, however, clear and striking.
718 Nicolson, Nigel. Alex: The Life of Field Marshal Earl Alexander of
Tunis. New York: Atheneum, 1973. Nicolson attempts to show
the events of Mons, the Aisne, 1st Ypres, and especially Loos as
Alexander would have perceived them. He hopes to show a
young officer learning to be a soldier, and in doing so, provides
such a young man's perspective of the B.E.F.
719 Nieman, Johannes. Das Königlich-Sächsische Infanterie-Regiment Nr.

133 im Weltkrieg. [The Royal Saxon Infantry Regiment No. 133
in the World War.] Hamburg-Grossflottbek: NP, 1969. Nieman
describes battle versus the B.E.F. and gas attacks on the British
forces in 1915.
720 Noftsinger, James Philip. World War I Aviation: A Bibliography of

Books in English, French, German, and Italian. Rev. Ed.
Lanham: Scarecrow Press, 1997. This valuable reference book
has much to offer concerning the B.E.F.'s use of the air arm.
Unfortunately the index does not help with identifying references

that include particular battles.
721 Norris, Geoffrey. The Royal Flying Corps: A History. London:

Frederick Muller, 1965. Norris's monograph is thorough and
shows the importance of the R.F.C. in the first years of the war.
722 Oatts, L. B. Emperor's Chambermaids: History of the 14th/20th King's

Hussars. London: Ward Locke, 1973. Includes accounts of
units involved in several of the B.E.F.'s battles in 1914-15,
especially Mons, the Marne, and First Ypres.
723 Oatts, L. B. Proud Heritage. The Story of the Highland Light Infantry,
1882-1918. 4 Vols. London: Thomas Nelson, 1953-
59/Glasgow: House of Grant, 1961-63. Oatts describes the
activity of regimental battalions starting at Mons and continuing
through the German withdrawal to the Hindenburg Line.
724 Occleshaw, Michael. Armour Against Fate: British Military Intelligence

in the First World War. London: Columbus Books, 1989.
Intelligence was a difficult problem from the beginning of the
war. Occleshaw's book is a valuable contribution on the subject
of intelligence, but he fails to tie his information to particular
strategic and/or tactical situations. The latter will make the book
frustrating to many scholars.
725 Officers of the Battalion. "The Robin Hoods," 1/7 th, 2/7th &3/7 Battns.,
Sherwood Foresters, 1914-1918. Nottingham: J. & H. Bell,
1921. Portrayals of trench life and fighting in this book are quite
detailed. None of the major battles of 1914-15 is included,
however.
726 Omissi, David. Indian Voices of the Great War: Soldiers' Letters 1914-
1918. London: Macmillan, 1999. Letters written by Indian
soldiers in France between late 1914 and late 1915 are presented
in this volume.
727 Ommanney, C. H. The War History of the 1st Northumbrian Brigade R.

F. A. (T. F.). Newcastle-on-Tyne: Hindson, 1927. This unit
arrived in France in April, 1915, and was involved with the
B.E.F. for the rest of the year.
728 On the Road From Mons With an Army Service Corps Train. London:
Hurst & Blackett, 1916. This is an eye-witness account of
logistical problems by the commander of the 19th Infantry
Brigade Train.
729 On the Western Front (1st/3rd Battalion Monmouthshire Regiment).

Abergavenny: Seargeant Bro.s, 1926. This battalion took the
brunt of the attack at Second Ypres. Its losses were such that by
1916 it was disbanded.
730 O'Neill, H. C. The Royal Fusiliers in the Great War. London: William
Heinemann, 1922. O'Neill follows the battalions of the Royal
Fusiliers through all of the major battles of the B.E.F., and
although episodic his coverage is reasonable.
731 Osburn, Arthur. Unwilling Passenger. London: Faber & Faber, 1932.
Osburn was an RAMC doctor, and his eloquent account of the
difficulties in caring for casualties in the first years of the war
offers insight into the suffering of the men as well as the
evolution of the RAMC in the heat of modern war.
732 Otto, Helmut, Karl Schmiedel, and Helmut Schnitter, Der erste
Weltkrieg. [The First World War.] Berlin: Beutscher
Militärverlag, 1968. This thorough survey devotes significant
attention to military operations.
733 Owen, Edward. 1914: Glory Departing. London: Buchan & Enright,
1986. Although his account is often superficial, Owen provides
a clear description of the B.E.F.'s activities in the first months of
the war.
734 Page, Christopher. Command in the Royal Naval Division: A Military

Biography of Brigadier General A. M. Asquith, DSO.
Staplehurst: Spellmount, 1999. Page includes a sketch of the
Royal Naval Division at Antwerp in 1914. Asquith was not
otherwise involved on the Western Front at that time.
735 Palat, B. E. [Pierre Lehautcourt.] La Grande Guerre sur le front

occidental. [The Western Front in the Great war.] 15 Vols.
Paris: Berger-Levrault, 1917-30. Palat's work is as thorough and
detailed but much more readable than the French Official
History. His account of the early battles shows the problems and
effectiveness of Anglo-French cooperation.
736 Palat, Général. [Pierre Lehautcourt.] La part de Foch dans la Victoire.

[The Part of Foch in the Victory.] Paris: Charles-Lavauzelle,
1930. Palat includes a discussion of Foch's efforts to relate to
and cooperate with the British.
737 Palazzo, Albert. Seeking Victory on the Western Front: The British Army
and Chemical Warfare in World War I. Lincoln: University of
Nebraska Press, 2000. Palazzo establishes that the British used
poison gas much more commonly than has usually been
suggested, and uses the development of this weapon as a
paradigm for the growth of technological sophistication that
resulted in victory. Early in the war gas was intended to have a
major role at the Battle of Loos, and despite failing the high
command realized its potential. Palazzo's work is meticulously
researched, and his prose is easy to read.
738 Panichas, George A. Ed. The Promise of Greatness: The War of 1914-
1918. London: Cassell, 1968. This collection of essays is, at
times powerful and moving, and provides fine descriptions of the
war. The lack of an index, however, limits is use for specific
topics.
739 Parker, Ernest. Into Battle: A Seventeen-Year-Old Joins Kitchener's

Army. London: Longmans Green, 1964; rpt. 1994. Parker
arrived in France late in 1914. His powers of description are
unusual for a teenager (and may have been improved before
publication), and his depictions of the Western Front and combat
are powerful.
740 Parkinson, Roger. Tormented Warrior: Ludendorff and the Supreme

Command. London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1978. Although
commanding on the Eastern Front for the early years of the war,
Ludendorffs influence was already felt on strategic policy.
Parkinson's description is readable and informative.
741 Parks, Edwin. Diex Aïx: The Guernseymen Who Marched Away, 1914-
1918. Candie Gardens, Gurnsey: Guernsey Museums &
Galleries, 1992. This is the sort of book that is of most value to
those seeking very specific and detailed information. It does
provide some details about the B.E.F. in 1915, however.
742 Parkyn,H. G. A Short History of the 16th/5th Lancers. Aldershot: Gale &
Polden, n.d. In a very short account, Parkyn provides a few
details of action in 1914-15 when the 16th/5th was part of Gough's
cavalry brigade.
743 Peat, Harold R. Private Peat. New York: Grosset & Dunlap, 1917. Peat
describes his experiences with the Canadian forces in the Ypres
Salient in 1915.
744 Pennyman, J. B. W. Diary of Lieut. J. B. W. Pennyman, August 4th to

October 1st, 1914. Middlebrough: Jordison, 1915. Pennyman,
a machine gun officer with the K. O. S. B., describes the battles
of Mons, Le Cateau, and the Aisne, where he was wounded and
invalided home.
745 Penrose, John. "Survey for Batteries." Journal of the Royal Artillery 49
(1922-23): 253-70. This study of the process for aiming does
not discuss specific battles but gives very illuminating
information about the technical elements in the use of artillery
that was central to fighting on the Western Front.
746 Perreau, Commandant. Victoire chère et paix des dupes: précis

historique de la grande guerre, 1914-1919. [Costly Victory and
Foolish Peace: A Concise history of the Great War, 1914-1919.]
2 Vols. Paris: Catin, 1921-23. Although the military history in
this volume is adequate, the British effort is slighted.
747 Perris, G. H. The Campaign of 1914 in France & Belgium. London:

Hodder & Stoughton, 1915. Perris' account is detailed and
despite some lack of perspective, he makes an effort to set events
into context.
748 Perris, George Herbert. The Battle of the Marne. London: Methuen,
1920. Perris, who was The Daily Chronicle's correspondent with
the French Armies during the war, includes much detail, but is
limited by the lack of sources available when he wrote.
749 Peteau, A. Aperçu Historique sur les mouvements et operations des

Corps et Divisions de Cavalerie en liaison avec les Armées
1914-1918. [History of the Movements and Operations of the
Cavalry Corps and Divisions with the Armies of 1914-1918.] 2
Vols. Liége: Vaillant-Carmanne, n.d. Peteau's discussion of
incidents concerning the B.E.F. is limited. He notes with some
detail the support provided by Sordet's cavalry on the British left
at Le Cateau, but merely acknowledges the advantage to the
Germans when de Mitry's Corps retreated leaving Haig's forces
uncovered at Ypres in October, 1914.
750 Petre, F. Lorraine. The History of the Norfolk Regiment, 1685-1919. 2

Vols. Norwich: Jarrold & Sons/The Empire Press, n.d. Petre
provides short factual accounts of the Norfolks at Mons, Le
Cateau, the Marne, the Aisne, La Bassée, and Ypres.
751 Petre, F. Lorraine, Wilfrid Ewart, and Cecil Lowther. The Scots Guards
in the Great War, 1914-1918. London: John Murray, 1925.

Scots Guards were at the Aisne, 1st Ypres, Neuve Chapelle,
Festubert, and Loos. The authors provide descriptions of the
tactical situations but do not look beyond that.
752 Philpott, William J. Anglo-French Relations and Strategy on the Western

Front, 1914-1918. Houndsmills, Basingstoke: Macmillan,
1996. The British and French were not always on particularly
good terms in l914-15 as they worked out the basis for coalition
warfare. Philpott's meticulous and thoughtful analysis of their
efforts clarifies the situation and shows the evolution of the
relationship.
753 Piers, Charles. "A Corps in the Making: The Canadian Expeditionary
Force, 1914-1919." Army Quarterly 3 (1921-22): 36-46.
Although brief, this overview does allow the reader to follow the
actions of the CEF.
754 Platoon Commander. [Mills, Arthur Frederick Hobart.] With My

Regiment, From the Aisne to La Bassée. London: William
Heinemann, 1915. The author makes his disaffection for the war
in general quite clear, but his descriptions of problems and
horrors are effective.
755 Poincaré, Raymond. Au service de la France. 7 Vols. Paris: Plon,

1926-33; Translated and adapted as The Memoirs of Raymond
Poincaré by George Arthur. New York: Doubleday, nd; rpt.
1975. The memoirs of the French president are an important
source for understanding French politics during the war and thus
significant for questions concerning the problems of coalition
warfare for the B.E.F. Poincaré does not always have the facts
about the B.E.F. correct, however.
756 Pollard, A. F. A Short History of the Great War. London: Methuen,

1920. This well-written if brief volume by a very good historian
offers significant critical comment along with a narrative history.
757 Pollard, Hugh B. C. The Story of Ypres. New York: Robert M. McBride,
1917. Although his account of military activity is quite brief,
Pollard presents an elaborate description of conditions in the
town of Ypres and the area around it during the war.
758 Pomeroy, Ralph Legge. The Story of a Regiment of Horse (5th Princess
of Wales's Dragoon Guards) 1685-1922. 2 Vols. Edinburgh:
William Blackwood & Sons, 1924. The 5th Dragoon Guards
fought in a number of the early B.E.F. battles including Mons, Le

Cateau, and the Marne. Pomeroy's account follows them in some
detail.
759 Ponsonby, Frederick. The Grenadier Guards in the Great War of 1914-
1919. 3 Vols. London: Macmillan, 1920. Ponsonby does a
better job than most unit historians about setting the details of his
story into context. He includes all of the major battles of the
B.E.F.
760 Poseck, M. von. Die Deutsche Kavallerie in Belgien und Frankreich

1914, Berlin: E. S. Mittler und Sohn, 1921. Translation by
Gordon Gordon-Smith and Anton Y. Hesse: The German
Cavalry 1914 in Belgium and France. Edited by Jerome W.
Howe. Berlin: E. S. Mittler und sohn, 1923. The battles of
1914 involved more maneuver than any after until 1918, and
cavalry played an important role. The B.E.F. encountered
German horsemen on a number of occasions, and Poseck helps
the student trace those forces.
761 Pound, Reginald. The Lost Generation of 1914. London: Constable,

1964. Pound's focus is the creative and/or scholarly youth killed
in the early battles, but he does comment on the impact of those
battles.
762 Powell, G. The Green Howards. London: Hamilton, 1968; rpt. 1983.
Green Howard units fought in a number of the early battles of the
war and distinguished themselves at Ypres in 1914 and 1915.
Powell's account is, however, limited.
763 Powell, Geoffrey. Plumer: The Soldiers' General: A Biography of

Field-Marshal Viscount Plumer of Messines. London: Leo
Cooper, 1990. Plumer was more inclined to limit attacks and
thus casualties than most B.E.F. generals. Powell's account is
sympathetic but generally effective and well-researched.
764 Prideaux, G. A. A Soldier's Diary of the Great War, 1914-1917. London:

Chiswick Press, 1918. Prideaux's letters contain much
information about life in the trenches and his experiences as part
of the B.E.F. He does not focus on specific battles extensively.
765 Priestley, R. E. "The Evolution of Intercommunication in France, 1914-

1918." The Royal Engineers Journal 23 (Dec, 1921): 269-75.
Priestley's comments about the initial system of field telegraphs
and dispatch riders used by the B.E.F. help make clear the
problems of combat in the first years of the war.
766 Priestley, R. E. The Signal Service in the European War of 1914 to 1918
(France). Chatham: Mackay, 1921. Part of the official history
of the Royal Engineering Corps, this volume provides important
background on the problems of communications that dogged
every operation on the Western Front.
767 Prior, Robin and Trevor Wilson. Command on the Western Front: The
Military Career of Sir Henry Rawlinson, 1914-1918. Oxford:
Basil Blackwell, 1992. Rawlinson's involvement in the war
really began with the Battle of Neuve Chapelle, and from that
point on Prior and Wilson provide an illuminating analysis of
command problems as the British learned about the nature of
modern war.
768 Prior, Robin and Trevor Wilson. The First World War. London: Cassell,
1999. This heavily illustrated survey shows the evolution of the
war in strategy, tactics, and technology. Its emphasis on the
evolution of technology as central to the outcome of the war
supports an interpretation the authors' prior work has done much
to establish.
769 Puaux, René. Marshal Foch: His Life, His Work, His Faith. London:
Hodder and Stoughton, 1918. Although the B.E.F.'s efforts are
noted, Foch is clearly the hero of this book and nothing is
allowed to dim his limelight.
770 Puleston, William Dilworth. High Command in the World War. New
York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1934. Puleston is critical of
French for his mercurial nature, and asserts that the British role
at the Marne, which he calls Joffre's trap, was much less
significant that is usually reported. His comments about the
B.E.F. are relatively brief.
771 Purdom, C. B. Ed. Everyman at War; Sixty Personal Narratives of the

War. London: J. M. Dent, 1930. This collection of short essays
portrays the experiences of individual soldiers.
772 Rae, Herbert. [Gibson, George Herbert Rae.] Maple Leaves in Flanders
Fields. London: Smith Elder, 1916. Although names have been
changed, this volume is an account by a medical man of the
Seventh Battalion of the Canadian Expeditionary Force which
was active in the Ypres Salient from early 1915.
773 Raimes, A. L. The Fifth Battalion The Durham Light Infantry, 1914-
1918. Privately Published, n.d. The Fifth Battalion of the
Durhams reached France in April, 1915, in time to participate at
Second Ypres.
774 Raleigh, Walter, and H. A. Jones. History of the Great War Based on
Official Documents: The War in the Air. 6 Vols. Oxford:
Clarendon Press, 1922-37. Although the number of British
aviators was small at the beginning of the war, they proved their
enormous value as observers and artillery spotters from the very
first campaigns. The authors, in one of the best Official
Histories, do an excellent job of describing the evolution of
military aviation during the war.
775 Rattray, M. J. 107th Field Company, R.E. Darlington: Wm. Dresser and
Sons, 1920. The 107th was with the B.E.F. for several months at
the end of 1915, and Rattray describes the unit's experiences.
776 Rawling, Bill. Surviving Trench Warfare: Technology and the Canadian
Corps, 1914-1918. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1992.
Rawling is impressed with the ultimate sophistication of
Canadian forces in the new technological warfare. He discusses
the early battles as part of the learning process.
777 Rawlinson, A. Adventures on the Western Front, August 1914 to June

1915. London: Andrew Melrose, 1925. The author, brother to
General Henry Rawlinson, went as a volunteer with his own car
to serve on the Lines of Communication. He was at times in
combat zones, and mounted a machine gun on the car and used
it.
778 Rawlinson, H. G. Napier's Rifles: The History of the 5th Battalion 6th
Rajputahna Rifles. NP: Humphrey Milford/Oxford University
Press, 1929. Provides a brief account of the battle of Givenchy,
but the unit did not spend much time on the Western Front.
779 Recouly, Raymond. Histoire de la grande guerre, 1914-1918. [History

of the Great War, 1914-1918.] Paris: Les Èditions de France,
1934. Although he has a clear French bias, Recouly does recount
the events of 1914-15 in which the B.E.F. was involved.
780 Recouly, Raymond. Joffre. Paris: Les Éditons des portiques, 1931.
Joffre, the supreme French commander, was so significant in the
development of the situation on the Western Front that even an
overly pro-French account such as Recouly's makes a
contribution to the study of the B.E.F.'s involvement.
781 Recouly, Raymond. Marshal Foch: His Own Words on Many Subjects.
Translated by Joyce Davis. London: Thornton Butterworth,
1929. This volume is valuable mostly as a source of comments
by Foch, including remarks about the B.E.F. and the Marne.
782 Regimental Committee. History of the East Lancashire Regiment in the

Great War 1914-1918. Liverpool: Libbleburg Brothers, 1936.
Although useful for details of the B.E.F. in 1914-15, this volume
offers little context.
783 Regimental History Committee. History of the Dorsetshire Regiment,

1914-1919. Dorcester: Henry Ling, n.d. The authors of this
volume include some skilled historians such as C. H. Dudley
Ward. It includes detailed descriptions of many of the B.E.F.'s
battles in 1914 and 1915. The focus is, however, quite narrow.
784 Regimental Officers. Das Fusilier-Regiment Prinz Heinrich von Preussen

(Brandenburgisches) No. 35 im Weltkrieg. [The 35th Fusilier
Regiment of Prince Heinrich of Prussia (Brandenburgers).]
Berlin: Kolk, 1930. This unit was in the 6th Division in the First
Army in 1914.
785 Reicharchiv. Erinnerungsblätter deutscher Regimenter. Auszüge aus den

Amtlichen Kriegtagebüchern. [Memorial Leaves of German
Regiments. Extracts From Official War Diaries.] 15 Vols.
Oldenburg: Stalling, 1920. This collection offers examples of
numerous German units' activity. It helps flesh out the German
side of the situation.
786 Reid, Brian Holden. "Major-General J. F. C. Fuller and the Decline of

Generalship: The Lessons of 1914-18." In Strategy and
Intelligence: British Policy During the First World War. Edited
by Michael Dockrill and David French. London: The
Hambledon Press, 1996. Reid's focus is Fuller's book
Generalship: Its Diseases and Their Cure (1933). He argues
that Fuller's condemnation of Haig is overdone, especially since
Fuller goes so far as to hint that Haig might have been too
cowardly to go to the front.
787 Reid, Gordon. Ed. Poor Bloody Murder: Personal Memoirs of the First
World War. Oakville: Mosaic Press, 1980. Includes personal
accounts of Canadians on the Western Front.
788 Reinhardt, Ernst. Ed. Das Württembergische Reserve-Inf.-Regiment Nr.

248 im Weltkrieg 1914-1918. [The 248th Württemberg Reserve
Infantry Regiment in the World War 1914-1918.] Stuttgart:
Belser, 1924. The 248th Regiment was among the German units
that battled the B.E.F. and was involved in gas attacks against the
British.
789 Repington, Charles à Court. The First World War, 1914-1918. 2 Vols.
London: Constable, 1920. Repington, correspondent for The
Times and a veteran, seems more interested in showing his own
involvement with powerful people than in detailing the war.
Nonetheless he does include details and observations worth
attention.
790 Revell, Alex. Victoria Cross: WWI Airmen and Their Aircraft. NP:
Flying Machines Press, 1997. Among the nineteen airmen whose
biographies are sketched by Revell are several who fought over
the B.E.F.'s trenches in 1914-15. The accounts are superficial,
but the numerous illustrations add value.
791 Reynolds, Francis Joseph. The Story of the Great War. 16 Vols. New
York: P. F. Collier and Son. 1915-20. Although a complete
history, these volumes were completed rapidly and are more
journalism than history.
792 Richards, Frank. Old Soldiers Never Die. London: Faber and Faber,
1933; rpt. 1966, 1983. Richards was a private with the 2nd Royal
Welch Fusiliers. His account of Le Cateau, among the early
battles, is particularly vivid.
793 Richards, John. Ed. Wales on the Western Front. Cardiff: University of
Wales Press, 1994. Richards' collection of Welshmen's
comments includes descriptions of Loos, 2nd Ypres, and Le
Cateau.
794 Richards, R. The Story of the Princess Patricia's Canadian Light

Infantry, 1914-1917. London: Charles and Son, For Canadian
War Records, 1918. Although based on official records, this
very short account has little not available from numerous other
sources.
795 Richter, Donald. Chemical Soldiers: British Gas Warfare in World War
I. Lawrence: University of Kansas Press, 1992. Richter tells the
story of the development of the British Special Brigade, which
was responsible for the use of poison gas. He tends to emphasize
the problems rather than the successes of gas warfare.
796 Richter, Donald C. ed. Lionel Sotheby's Great War: Diaries and Letters
from the Western Front. Athens: Ohio University Press, 1997.
Sotheby crossed to France as a young lieutenant at the very end
of 1914 and survived almost ten months. His accounts of life on
the Western Front in 1915 are vivid and make clear how difficult
a situation the soldiers faced.
797 Rickard, Mrs. Victor. The Story of the Munsters at Etraux, Festubert,
Rue de Bois and Hulloch. London: Hodder and Stoughton,
1918. Rickard provides details of the 2nd Royal Munster
Fusiliers, who were badly battered during the early fighting.
798 Riddell, E. and M. C. Clayton. The Cambridgeshires 1914 to 1919.

Cambridge: Bowes and Bowes for the Cambridgeshire Regiment,
1934. Although the Cambridgeshires arrived in France in 1915,
they were not engaged in any major attacks during the year.
Their history does, however, provide information about the
situation in the trenches.
799 Riddle, David K. and Donald G. Mitchell. The Distinguished Service

Order Awarded to Members of the Canadian Expeditionary
Force and Canadians in the Royal Naval Air Service, the Royal
Flying Corps and Royal Air Force, 1915-1920. Winnipeg:
Kirkby-Marlton Press, 1991. Because full citations, if made, are
included, this volume can supply some details of heroism. The
arrangement is alphabetical, however, and there is no index. The
result is that the book is difficult to use unless one is looking for
a particular individual.
800 Riebensahm, Gustav. Infanterie-Regiment Prinz Friedrich der

Niederlande (2 Westfälisches) Nr. 15 im Weltkriege 1914-18.
[Prince Friedrich Netherlands Infantry Regiment (2nd
Westphalian) No. 15 in the World War 1914-18.] Minden: Der
Bund ehemal. Angehöriger des Infanterie-Regiments Nr. 15,
1931. This regimental history includes accounts of battles with
the B.E.F. and gas attacks on British forces in 1915.
801 Rifleman, A. [Smith, Aubrey.] Four Years on the Western Front: Being
the Experiences of a Ranker in the London Rifle Brigade.
London: Oldhams, 1922. The author's account of the war,
including 2nd Ypres, is filled with dramatic, sometimes
fascinating details. It is particularly valuable because it comes
from the ranks. He was in the London Rifle Brigade.
802 Ritter, Gerhard. The Schlieffen Plan. New York: Praeger, 1958. The
Schlieffen Plan was a key element in bringing the B.E.F. to
France in 1914. Ritter's view is that the effort to move such a
vast force in a relatively confined area posed both military and
political dangers and was unlikely of success.
803 Ritter, Hans. Der Luftkrieg. [The Air War.] Leipzig: K. F. Koehler,
1926. Ritter devotes significant attention to the development of
air support for the ground forces, and so is a valuable source for
the study of the overall situation.
804 Roberts, Craig. "Taking Aim from the Trenches: World War I Sniper."
Military History 18 (June, 2000): 54-60. Roberts' account of
Herbert McBride, an American serving with the Canadian forces,
shows the development of sniping during the first years of the
war.
805 Roberts, T. G. Thirty Canadian V.C.'s. London: Skeffington and Sons

for Canadian War Records Office, 1918. This book is a
collection of biographical sketches of Canadian heroes beginning
in April, 1915.
806 Robertson, Bruce. Ed. Air Aces of the 1914-1918 War. Letchworth:
Harleyford Publications, 1959. Although "Aces" were relatively
few in the first year of the war, the role of the airplane as an
observation tool was already clear. Although observation was
more important, the romantic "knight of the air" tends to be the
focus of books about the Royal Flying Corps, as is the case with
Robertson.
807 Robertson, William. From Private to Field Marshal. London: Constable,

1921. Robertson, who was Quartermaster-General of the B.E.F.
in 1914, provides a strategic overview and discussion of the
logistical problems of the first months of the war. Promoted to
Chief of Staff in 1915, his point-of-view shifts somewhat from
logistics, but he continues to provide a valuable overview of
operations.
808 Robertson, William. Soldiers and Statesmen, 1914-1918. 2 Vols.

London: Cassell, 1926. Robertson, who later in the war became
Commander of the Imperial General Staff, provides an overview
of strategic and logistical problems during 1914-15, but his book
is more useful for political than military details.
809 Robson, Stuart. The First World War. London: Longman, 1998.
Although short, this survey gives a clear introduction to the role

of the B.E.F. in 1914-15.
810 Rolt-Wheeler, Francis and Frederick E. Drinker. Eds. History of the

Great War: A Comprehensive and Authentic History of the War
by Land, Sea, and Air. 3 Vols. NP: National Publishing Co.,
1919. Provides a superficial factual account of the war.
811 Ronarc'h, Vice-Admiral. Souvenirs de la Guerre (Août 1914-septembre

1915). [Memoirs of the War, August 1914-September 1915.]
Paris: Payot, 1921; rpt. 1929. Ronarc'h commanded the marine
unit that defended Dixmude and gives a good version of the
battle of the Yser. The proximity of his unit to and its
cooperation with the B.E.F. makes his account useful for the
study of the British situation.
812 Rorie, David. A Medico's Luck in the War Being Reminiscences of

R.A.M.C. Work with the 51st (Highland) Division. Aberdeen:
Milne and Hutchinson, 1929. Although Rorie's account includes
more details about his personal experiences (such as charming
French civilians encountered) he does at times discuss medical
situations. His account of the early months of the war is limited--
the Division only reached France in early 1915--but does include
the action at Festubert.
813 Roskill, Stephen. Hankey Man of Secrets. Vol.1, 1877-1918. London:

Collins, 1970. Hankey was Secretary of the Committee of
Imperial Defense, and Roskill suggests that he was concerned
about avoiding controversy rather than decisions. The focus of
the biography is, however, more politics than military issues.
814 Ross-of-Bladensburg, John. The Coldstream Guards, 1914-1918. 2 Vols.

Plus Maps. London: Oxford University Press/Humphrey
Milford, 1928. This author is better than most unit historians in
tying tactical details to the larger strategic situation. He makes
it easy to follow the unit through its battles. His discussion of
Loos, which he thinks the British lost due to a shortage of men
who had been sent to the Dardanelles, is particularly good.
815 Roussel-Lépine, Joséphe. Les Champs de l'Ourcq: atmosphère, la

bataille, en souvenir. [The Battlefields of the Ourcq:
Remembering the Emotions and the Battle.] Paris: Plon-Nourrit,
1919; rpt. 1982. The battle at the Ourcq did not directly
involve the B.E.F., but was important in stopping the German
wheel through Belgium and influenced the B.E.F.'s retreat after
Mons. This volume, which contains good descriptions of the

area, helps understanding of the B.E.F.'s situation.
816 Rowlands, D. H. For the Duration: The Story of the Thirteenth Battalion
the Rifle Brigade. London: Simpkin Marshall for the Thirteenth
Battalion the Rifle Brigade, 1932. The battalion reached France
in late July, 1915, and was not involved in major action during
the rest of that year. The volume does include some details of
life in the trenches during the period, however.
817 Roy, Reginald H. Ed. The Journal of Private Fraser, 1914-1918:

Canadian Expeditionary Force. Victoria: Sono Nis Press, 1985.
This personal memoir of a member of the 31st Battalion is
unusually well-written and evocative. Unfortunately, the account
begins only late in 1915.
818 Royal Engineers Institution, The. The Work of the Royal Engineers in the
European War, 1914-1919. 9 Vols. Chatham: R. E. Institution,
1921-27. This detailed account of a vital aspect of the war is
informative but not insightful.
819 Royal Field Leech, A. The Tale of a Casualty Clearing Station.

Edinburgh: William Blackwood, 1917. Although often
superficial, this memoir does include details of activity at an
unidentified Casualty Clearing Station during the first year of the
war. It was in action at Mons, the Aisne, Neuve Chapelle, and
Festubert.
820 Royle, Trevor. The Kitchener Enigma. London: Michael Joseph, 1985.
Royle's version of Kitchener's role in the war is generally
positive. He credits Kitchener with recognizing the long-range
issues of the war and keeping John French from pulling the
B.E.F. out of the line unnecessarily. His account is readable and
persuasive.
821 Roze, Anne. Fields of Memory: A Testimony to the Great War. London:
Cassell, 1999. Roze had produced an odd mixture of
contemporary views and photographs of important places in the
war, cemeteries, and relics with historical descriptions.
822 Rübesamen, Friedrich Wilhelm and Willi Bartels. Eds. Feldartillerie-

Regiment Prinzregent Luitpold von Bayern (Magdeburgisches)
nr. 4. [Field Artillery Regiment No. 4: Prince Regent Luitpold
of Baveria (Magdeburg's Own).] 2 Vols. Magdeburg:
Faber'sche Buchdruckerie, 1928. The editors include accounts
of battles against the B.E.F. and the use of poison gas against the
British.
823 Rupprecht, Crown Prince of Bavaria. Mein Kriegstagebuch. [My War

Book.] 3 Vols. Munich: Deutscher National Verlag, 1929.
Prince Rupprecht commanded one of the armies on the German
left in 1914 and continued as a commander during the war. His
account is, of course, focused on German forces but does help
make clear the situation faced by the B.E.F.
824 Rutherford, N. J. C. Soldiering With a Stethoscope. London: Stanley

Paul, 1937. Rutherford describes life in the Ypres Salient in
1914 and 1915, and comments on the efforts of the R.A.M.C. to
provide medical care for casualties in the battles of the period.
825 Samuels, Martin. Doctrine and Dogma: German and British Infantry
Tactics in the First World War. Westport, CT: Greenwood
Press, 1992. Samuels traces the evolution of tactics from early
in the war, and despite the ultimate Allied victory, he argues that
the Germans were superior tacticians, though he gives the British
more credit for innovation than do many.
826 Sandilands, H. R. The 23rd Division, 1914-1919. Edinburgh: William

Blackwood and Sons, 1925. Battalions of the 23rd Division had
some success at Loos, but this was not followed up. Sandilands
provides a detailed description but keeps his focus on the tactical
level.
827 Sargent, Herbert Howland. The Strategy on the Western Front (1914-
1918). Chicago: A. C. McClurg, 1920. Sargent's focus is
German offensive, and he provides some comment regarding
their situation in 1914. His work is not particularly scholarly,
however.
828 Saundby, Robert. Air Bombardment: The Story of Its Development.

London: Chatto & Windus, 1961. By the end of 1915, air attack
was showing its value as a weapon, and Saundby traces its
development effectively.
829 Saunders, Anthony. Weapons of the Trench War, 1914-1918. Thrupp

Stroud: Sutton Publishing, 1999. Although Saunders does not
often discuss individual battles, his description of the evolution
of a variety of weapons, such as grenades and mortars, helps one
to understand why battles went as they did. He contributes to the
idea that the British command was quite ready to innovate.
830 Savage, Raymond. Allenby of Armageddon. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill,

1926. Savage's account is largely descriptive, but he does
conclude that Allenby and the B.E.F.'s cavalry did all that was
required of them, praise that is much more merited in the period
after the Battle of the Marne.
831 Schmitt, Bernadotte E. and Harold C. Veder. The World in the Crucible,
1914-1919. New York: Harper and Row, 1984. This is one of
the best surveys of the war, but it does not concentrate on
military operations in great detail.
832 Schneider, Benno, and Ulrich Haacke. Das Buck vom Kriege 1914-1918:
Urkunden, Berichte, Briefe, Erinnerungen. [The Book of the
War 1914-1918: Documents, Reports, Letters, Memories.]
München: Langewiesche-Brand, 1932; rpt. 1939. The primary
sources in this volume include information about the Battle of the
Marne and other aspects of the struggle against the B.E.F.
833 Schnitler, Gudmund. Der Weltkrieg, 1914-1918. [The World War, 1914-
1918.] Berlin: Verlag für Kulturpolitik, 1926. Schnitler is
accurate and has much praise for the B.E.F. at the Marne.
834 Schoenfeld, Ernst von. Das Grenadier-Regiment Prinz Karl von

Preussen (2 Brandenburgishes) Nr. 12. [The 12th Grenadier
Regiment Prince Karl of Prussia's (The 2nd Brandenburgers).]
Oldenburg: Stalling, 1926. This German unit faced the B.E.F.
early in the war. The paucity of German official records makes
such unit histories very important for understanding the
opposition to the B.E.F.
835 Schützinger, H. Zusammenbruch. Die Tragödie des deutschen

Feldheers. [Collapse. The Tragedy of the German Field Army.]
Leipzig: Oldenburg, 1929. The author is very critical of German
strategy and tactics. He asserts that the right wing in 1914 should
have been strengthened beyond the original plan in anticipation
of the British involvement and that lives were wasted in foolish
attacks at Ypres and later in trying to hold indefensible positions
during 1915.
836 Schwarte, Max. Ed. Der deutsche Landkrieg. [The German Land War.]
3 Vols. Leipzig: J. A. Barth, 1921-25. Schwarte includes an
account of the early campaigns and is quite critical of English
tactical leadership.
837 Schwink, Otto. Die Schlacht an der Yser und bei Ypren im Herbst 1914,
unter Benutzung amlichter Quellen bearb. Oldenburg: Stalling,

1918; Translated as Ypres, 1914: An Official Account
Published by Order of the German General Staff. London:
Constable, 1919; rpt. 1994. German official accounts such as
this help make up for the paucity of German archival sources for
the war.
838 Scott, Arthur B. Ed. History of the 12th (Eastern) Division in the Great
War, 1914-1918. London: Nisbet, 1923. Scott provides a
description of the Battle of Loos, but little comment beyond the
tactical situation of the battalions being described.
839 Scott, F. G. The Great War as I Saw It. Toronto: Goodchild, 1922; rpt.
1934, 1999. Scott was a Canadian chaplain, who, despite orders
to the contrary, had attached himself to the 16th Battalion and
describes his experiences at 2nd Ypres and in the Salient in 1915.
840 Scott, J. F. Records of the Seventh Dragoon Guards (Princess Royal's)

During the Great War. Sherborne: Bennett, 1923. Provides
records of activity at La Bassée and Givenchy.
841 Scott, Peter. Ed. "The View from GHQ: The Second Part of the Diary of
General Sir Charles Deeds, K. C. B., C. M. G., D. S. O." Stand
To! 11 (Summer, 1984): 8-17; and "The View from GHQ: The
Third Part of the Diary of General Sir Charles Deeds, K. C. B.,
C. M. G., D. S. O." Stand To! 12 (Winter, 1984): 27-33. Deeds
served with the B.E.F.'s Operations Staff in 1914 and comments
about the problems of command and control in the early part of
the war.
842 Scott, Peter T. "The Staff of the B.E.F." Stand To! 12 (December,
1985): 44-61. Useful article which adds to the knowledge
available concerning the staff of B.E.F., a subject that has been
poorly served by historians.
843 Scrap Book of the 7th Bn. Somerset Light Infantry (13th Foot). Aylesbury:
Printed by Fredk. Samuels, n.d. This volume is a compilation of
short personal accounts, and although it includes only limited
comments on 1915, the primary nature of them makes it worth
consulting.
844 Scudamore, T. V. A Short History of the 7th Battalion, C. E. F.

Vancouver: Anderson & Odium, 1930. Although quite short,
this work covers the battalion as part of the First Canadian
Division in the Ypres Salient in 1915.
845 Secrett, T. Twenty-Five Years with Earl Haig. New York: Duffield,
1929. Secrett was Haig's personal servant who joined him in
1900. He is hardly critical, but he does provide observations
about Haig's ideas, behavior, and relations with other people.
846 Sedgwick, F. R. The Great War in 1914. London: Forster, Groom, 1921.
Sedgwick's short book is marred by factual errors and a failure to
consult available sources.
847 Severn, Mark. The Gambardier: Giving Some Account of the Heavy and
Siege Artillery in France, 1914-1918. London: Benn, 1930.
Severn attempts to analyze some of the problems that influenced
the performance of artillery and artillery shells. His work is
useful for showing the learning of the British over the course of
the war.
848 Shakespear, L. W. History of the 2nd King Edward VII's Own Gurkha
Rifles (The Sirmoor Rifles). 2 Vols. Aldershot: Gale & Polden,
1912-24. The Gurkhas were part of the Indian forces rushed to
France early in the war and performed distinguished service in
1914 and part of 1915, when the unit was moved to Egypt.
849 Sheldon-Williams, I. and R. F. L. The Canadian Front in France and

Flanders. London: A. and C. Black, 1920. This book is a thin
outline and a few personal accounts of Canadians serving on the
Western Front.
850 Shephard, Ernest. A Sergeant-Major's War: From Hill 60 to the Somme.

Edited by Bruce Rossor with Richard Holmes. Marlborough:
Crow Wood in Association with Anthony Bird, 1987. Shephard
offers an eyewitness account of fighting with the B.E.F.
851 Sheppard, E. W. The Ninth Queen's Royal Lancers, 1715-1936.

Aldershot: Gale & Polden, 1939. Provides brief account of units
active with the B.E.F. mostly in 1914.
852 Sheppard, E. W. "The Race to the Sea, September to October, 1914."

Army Quarterly 2 (1921): 112-18. Although the author's focus
is most on the French and Germans, as he himself notes, the race
to the sea set the situation from which the B.E.F. would fight in
1915.
853 Short History of the Border Regiment, A. 5th ed. Aldershot: Gale &
Polden, 1938. This short volume provides a few details of
service with Haig's I Corps in 1914.
854 Short History of the Royal Regiment of Artillery, A. Woolwich: Gale &
Polden, 1923. Regrettably, the coverage of World War I in this
volume is marred by frequent errors.
855 Simonds, Frank H. History of the World War. 4 Vols. Garden City:
Doubleday Page for The Review of Reviews, 1917-19. Simonds,
a correspondent, provides detailed descriptions of battles and
offers his sometimes questionable comments. He asserts that
Joffre sent the B.E.F. to Mons, where it ran into trouble because
of French failure to notify its leaders promptly of the plan to
withdraw and because it was slow to move when the word came.
Although the public was told the B.E.F. won the Battle of the
Marne, in fact it failed, allowing General von Kluck to counter
key parts of the French plan to envelop his forces. It did better
in the subsequent pursuit, however. Simonds also claims that
there was no gap in the Allied line due to the use of gas at
Second Ypres thanks to the efforts of Canadian forces, though
most authorities say the Canadians filled the gap. On the whole
Simonds work is adequate narrative history, with some bias
against what he regards as German militarism.
856 Simpson, Andy. The Evolution of Victory: British Battles on the

Western Front, 1914-1918. London: Tom Donovan, 1995.
Simpson takes the view that victory was a process of learning
modern warfare, which the British did better than the Germans.
He follows the early battles seeking to show changes from the
traditional patterns of the "Old Contemptibles" to more effective
use of artillery and other technology and tactics. His book is a
good summary of this new school of thought.
857 Simpson, C. R. The History of the Lincolnshire Regiment, 1914-1918.

London: Medici Society, 1931. Despite a narrow focus on the
unit, Simpson does provide a good description of tactics and the
actions of significant individuals in all of the major battles of the
B.E.F. in 1914-15.
858 Simpson, Frank. The Cheshire Regiment or 22nd Regiment of Foot: The
First Battalion at Mons and the Miniature Colour. 2nd Ed. N.P.:
N.P., n.d. The account give of the first battalion at mons is brief
but detailed. The narrow focus, however, limits the value of the
book.
859 Simpson, Keith. "Capper and the Offensive Spirit." Royal United
Services Institute Journal for Defense Studies 118 (June, 1973):
51-52. Simpson discusses the British General Capper, who died
commanding the 7th Division at Loos and who was a driving

force behind the offensive theories followed by the B.E.F.
860 Simpson, Keith. The Old Contemptibles: A Photographic History of the

British Expeditionary Force, August to December 1914.
London: Allen & Unwin, 1981. Visual images such as provided
in this volume drive home the experiences of soldiers on the
Western Front. The book makes a valuable contribution to the
understanding of the situation of the B.E.F.
861 Singer, H. C. History of the Thirty-First Battalion C. E. F., From Its

Organization, November 1914, to Its Demobilization, June 1919,
With Nominal Roll and Information as to All Members of the
Unit. Calgary: Knights Bindery, 1939. The unit depicted in this
volume only arrived on the Western Front late in 1915, but it was
in the trenches and its experiences are indicative of the situation
at the end of the year.
862 Sixsmith, E. K. G. Douglas Haig. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson,

1976. Since this volume is more analysis of Haig as soldier than
biography, the attention devoted to his early career is limited.
Nonetheless, Sixsmith has insights into his work in the first years
of the war.
863 Skaife, E. O. A Short History of the Royal Welch Fusiliers. Aldershot:

Gale & Polden, 1925. Though too short to be of major
importance, this volume does include the role of the Welch
Fusiliers in 1914-15.
864 Skennerton, Ian D. The British Service Lee: The Lee-Metford and Lee-
Enfield Rifles and Carbines, 1880-1980. Ashmore City: I.
Skennerton, 1982; rpt. 1993. Skennerton's fund of technical
information about the basic weapon of the B.E.F. can be very
helpful in assessing the success of the British Army.
865 Slessor, J. C. Air Power and Armies. London: Oxford University Press,
1936; rpt. 1982. Slessor was one of the first to do a serious
analysis of the use of air power on the Western Front. He makes
clear its value from the beginning of the war.
866 Slessor, John. "Air Reconnaissance in Open Warfare: Two Incidents in

the Advance to the Aisne in September, 1914." Journal of the
Royal United Service Institution 79 (Nov. 1934): 682-99.
Slessor describes the observation work of the RFC noting Joffre's
praise for the useful intelligence provided in one incident and
defending the flyers over a misunderstood report that led to a

delay of the B.E.F.'s advance in the second. His article
contributes to the understanding of how quickly the R.F.C.
became an important part of operations on the Western Front.
867 Slow, Peter and Richard Woods. Fields of Death: Battle Scenes of the
First World War. London: Robert Hale, 1986. The soldiers'
reminiscences in this volume are a good introduction to the
experience of the Western Front.
868 Smith, A. G. B. A Short History of the Royal Scots Fusiliers. Aldershot:

Gale & Polden, 1934. Although too short to provide meaningful
detail, this work does offer some outline of a storied regiment's
activity on the Western Front.
869 Smith, Myron J., Jr. World War I in the Air: A Bibliography and
Chronology. Metachen: Scarecrow Press, 1977. This
meticulous reference work remains valuable despite being
somewhat out of date. Unfortunately the index does not allow
the tracing of references to specific battles.
870 Smith-Dorrien, Horace. Memories of Forty-Eight Years Service. London:

John Murray, 1925. Smith-Dorrien went to France in August,
1914, as commander of the B.E.F.'s Second Corps. During the
retreat from Mons, he made a stand at Le Cateau which allowed
his corps to continue its withdrawal despite being separated from
I Corps. Subsequently, as commander of the Second Army, he
disagreed with the B.E.F.'s commander, John French, and was
relieved from command. His descriptions of campaigns are
detailed and full, but Smith-Dorrien pledges at the beginning of
his book not to cast blame, and perhaps unfortunately generally
sticks to that. Since he is sometimes portrayed as a scapegoat, it
would be of value to know his view of the situation.
871 Smithers, A. J. The Man Who Disobeyed: Sir Horace Smith-Dorrien and
his Enemies. London: Leo Cooper, 1970. A solid biography,
which, as the title suggests, defends Smith-Dorrien against the
controversial charges made against him by Sir John French.
872 Smyth, John. Leadership in Battle, 1914-1918. Newton Abbot: David &
Charles, 1975. Smyth provides details of the battles at Mons, Le
Cateau, and especially Neuve Chapelle with the goal of showing
individual heroism and leadership at all ranks. He particularly
praises Smith-Dorrien, but also credits Haig for careful planning
at Neuve Chapelle which was foiled by the late arrival of some
artillery and mist which prevented proper registration. His

comments about Loos are much more limited, but he does argue
that the decision to attack was forced on French by his political
bosses in London. Smyth's book is more valuable for obtaining
details of individual heroism than for the big picture.
873 Soldier's Diary of the Great War, A. London: Faber & Gwyer, 1929.
The anonymous author was in a Territorial battalion and
commissioned in 1915. He was wounded twice and transferred
to the Royal Flying Corps in 1916. His diary is a useful but not
unusual account of the B.E.F.
874 Souza, Charles de and Haldane MacFall. Germany in Defeat: A Strategic

History of the War--First Phase. London: Kegan, Paul, Trench,
Trübner, 1917. The authors argue fervently that the Battle of the
Marne meant ultimate defeat for Germany. Given the date of
their publication, it is hard not to question their objectivity.
875 Spagnoly, Tony and Ted Smith. Salient Points Two: Cameos of the
Western Front Ypres Sector 1914-1918. London: Pen and
Sword, 1998. Although essentially a visitor's guide, this volume
does include some details of the fighting in the salient.
876 Spaight, J. M. The Beginnings of Organized Air Power. London:

Longmans, Green, 1927. Although more about administration
than actual battlefield activity, Spaight's book describes the
growth of improvement of the British air forces. It also provides
substantial statistical information about those forces.
877 Spears, Edward. Liaison 1914. London: Erye & Spottiswoode, 1930; rpt.
1968, 2000. Spears served as a liaison officer between the
British and French commands. His account of the first months
of the war is very detailed and addresses the levels of both the
common soldiers and the officer corps. His book is one of the
classic accounts of the early part of the war.
878 Spears, Edward. The Picnic Basket. New York: W. W. Norton, 1967.
This idiosyncratic memoir has observations about the nature of
the B.E.F. at Mons, mostly a soldier remembered by a civilian,
an account of the fighting at Nery (September 1, 1914), and a
French woman's memories of 1914.
879 Spiers, Edward M. Chemical Warfare. Urbana: University of Illinois

Press, 1986. Although Spiers' main interest is more recent, his
summary of chemical warfare on the Western Front is an
excellent introduction to the subject.
880 Stacke, Harry FritzMaurice. The Worcester Regiment in the Great War.
Kidderminster: G. T. Cheshire & Sons, 1928. This regimental
history is substantial and well written but relatively rare. The
author follows battalions of the regiment through a number of the
B.E.F.'s battles in 1914-15.
881 Stallings, Laurence. Ed. The First World War: A Photographic History.
London: Daily Express, 1933; rpt. 1960. Provides visual
evidence of the B.E.F.
882 Stamps, T. Dodson and Vincent J. Esposito. A Short Military History of

World War I. West Point, NY: US Military Academy, 1950.
Prepared as a text for West Point cadets, this book offers a
pedestrian but clear description of the war, including the early
battles of the B.E.F. Attention to 1915 is almost entirely on the
Dardanelles.
883 Steel, J. P. Ed. A Memoir of Lieut.-Colonel E. A. Steel. London:

Simpkin, Marshall, 1921. Steel joined the Fourth Division's
artillery on the Aisne in September, 1914, and was with the
B.E.F. until mid 1915, when he returned home to train a new
unit.
884 Steel, Nigel and Peter Hart. Tumult in the Clouds: The British
Experience of the War in the Air 1914-1918. London: Hodder
and Stoughton, 1997. This scholarly volume includes
examinations of the role of air power as both an offensive tool
and for observations and intelligence gathering.
885 Steele, Harwood. The Canadians in France, 1915-1918. London: T.

Fisher Unwin, 1920. Steele provides a detailed account of the
action at 2nd Ypres and Festubert, but he rarely ventures beyond
factual narrative.
886 Stegemann, Herman. Geschichte des Krieges. [History of the War.] 4

Vols. Stuttgart: Deutsche Verlags Anstalt, 1917-21. VonKluck,
commander of the German First Army in 1914, sites this work
for its clear understanding of German strategy, but on the whole
it is German nationalist propaganda.
887 Steppler, Glenn A. Britons To Arms! The Story of the British Volunteer
Soldier. Thrupp Stroud: Alan Sutton, 1992. Steppler focuses
particularly on the Leicestershire and Rutland units in World
War I, seeking to set them into social and political context.
888 Stewart, Herbert A. From Mons to Loos: Being the Diary of a Supply
Officer. Edinburgh: William Blackwood and Sons, 1916.
Stewart's diary provides descriptions of the battles as well as
observations regarding logistics.
889 Stewart, J. and John Buchan. The Fifteenth (Scottish) Division.

Edinburgh: William Blackwood and Sons, 1926. The authors
devote a chapter to a detailed description of the Battle of Loos
and do a particularly good job of providing the soldier's point-of-
view.
890 Stewart, Patrick F. The History of the XII Royal Lancers (Prince of
Wales's). Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1950. Includes
records of units active with the B.E.F., especially in 1914.
891 Stirling, J. The Territorial Divisions, 1914-18. London: J. M. Dent,

1922. This book is based on the despatches of twenty divisions,
and offers only limited information about each.
892 Strachan, Hew. The First World War. New York: Viking, 2004. An
excellent one volume history, this may be a preview of the
author's monumental planned three volume history of the war.
893 Strachan, Hew. The First World War. Vol. I: To Arms. Oxford: Oxford
University Press, 2001. Strachan's work covers the Western
Front only in 1914. It is a detailed and thoughtful account, and
if the other volumes are completed will be the definitive account
of the war for some time.
894 Strange, Louis A. Recollections of an Airman. London: Hamilton, 1933;

rpt. 1940; 1989. Strange recollects the early days of the R.F.C.
when it became an important intelligence factor on the Western
Front.
895 Swettenham, John. McNaughton. 3 Vols. Toronto: Ryerson Press,

1968-69. Andrew McNaughton became an important figure in
the development of artillery doctrine during the latter half of the
war. His biographer follows his learning process from the
beginning of Canadian participation in the Ypres Salient in 1915.
896 Swettenham, John. To Seize the Victory. Toronto: Ryerson Press, 1965.
Swettenham traces the growth of sophistication about modern
war in the Canadian forces and their eventual commander Sir
Arthur Currie.
897 Swinton, E. D. and the Earl Percy. A Year Ago: Eyewitness's Narrative
of the War From March 20th to July 19th, 1915. London:
Edward Arnold, 1916. These authors give an eyewitness account
of the early fighting, particularly in the area around Ypres.
898 Sykes, F. H. Aviation in Peace and War. London: Edward Arnold, 1922.
Sykes covers the war in the second half of his book, but his
information was quite limited. He is too critical of the German
air force and at times in error concerning the British.
899 Szczepanski, Max von. Die Marneschlacht 1914. [The Battle of the
Marne 1914.] Leipzig: Teubner, 1929. Although German
perspectives concerning battles such as the Marne are important
for understanding the situation, most like this one offer little
direct discussion of the B.E.F.
900 Talbot Kelly, R. B. A Subaltern's Odyssey: A Memoir of the Great War

1915-1917. Edited by R. G. Loosmore. London: William
Kimber, 1980. The author, an artist and artilleryman with the 9th
Division, describes Festubert and Loos. He also discusses life on
the Western Front and illustrates his comments with his own
drawings. The editor does an excellent job of adding the big
picture and noting minor errors in author's account.
901 Tappen, Gehard. Bis zur Marne 1914. [To the Battle of the Marne.]
Oldenburg: Stalling, 1920. Tappen was Moltke's chief of staff
and offers some insight on the early battles of the war from the
German upper ranks.
902 Tascona, Bruce and Eric Wells. Little Black Devils: A History of the
Royal Winnipeg Rifles. Winnipeg: Royal Winnipeg Rifles,
1983. This unit history contains a narrative of the harrowing
struggle at Second Ypres.
903 Taylor, A. J. P. Illustrated History of the First World War. London:

Hamish Hamilton, 1963; rpt. 1966. Taylor is critical of British
leadership on the Western Front. His well-written account of the
battles of 1914-15 is lent power by carefully chosen illustrations.
904 Taylor, William and Peter Diack. Student and Sniper-Sergeant, A

Memoir of J. K. Forbes, M. A., 4th Battalion Gordon
Highlanders, Who Died for his Country, 25 September 1915.
London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1916. Although it is clear this
book is a tribute, it does have information about the situation on

the Western Front as well as a portrait of Forbes.
905 Tempest, E. V. and E. C. Gregory. History of the Sixth Battalion, West

Yorkshire Regiment. 2 Vols. London: Percy Lund, Humphries,
1921-23. Only volume one (by Tempest) concerning the l/6th
Battalion has information about 1914-15. This includes accounts
of the battle of Neuve Chapelle and experiences in the trenches,
which began in April, 1915.
906 Terraine, John. Douglas Haig: The Educated Soldier. London:

Hutchinson, 1963. Terraine portrays Haig as competent and
effective. His work has led to much controversy concerning the
general and a reconsideration of previous criticisms.
907 Terraine, John. The First World War, 1914-1918. London: Hutchinson,
1965; rpt. 1983. Well-written short survey with a good
description of the situation of 1914-15. The analysis show's
Terraine's revisionist ideas.
908 Terraine, John. Mons: The Retreat to Victory. New York: Macmillan,
1960. Terraine's account, which emphasizes the importance of
the B.E.F. in the defeat of the Schlieffen plan, is a clear and
generally judicious presentation of the initial campaigns of the
war.
909 Terraine, John. The Smoke and the Fire: Myths and Anti-Myths of War.
London: Sidgwick and Jackson, 1980. Terraine's account of the
new warfare provides a useful context in which to consider the
performance of the B.E.F. This volume, however, does not have
much direct information about the battles of 1914-15.
910 Thatcher, W. S. The Fourth Battalion (Duke ofConnaught's Own) 10th

Baluch Regiment in the Great War. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press, 1932. This battalion was with the 2nd Cavalry
Division in the Ypres Salient in October, 1914, and later fought
with the Lahore Division at Neuve Chapelle.
911 Thevenet, Général. La Grande Guerre, 1914-1918. [The Great War,

1914-1918.] Paris: Armand Colin, 1932. Thevenet's account is
clear and generally accurate, his comments about the B.E.F. are
based on British sources.
912 Thompson, Robert. The Royal Flying Corps. London: Hamish

Hamilton, 1968. Thompson traces the growing importance of the
R.F.C. as an offensive tool and in intelligence gathering.
913 Thomsen, Herman. "Die Luftwaffe vor und im Weltkriege." [The Air
Force B.E.F.ore and In the World War.] In Die deutsche
Wehrmacht, 1914-1939. [The German Armed Forces, 1914-
1939.] Edited by Georg Wentzell. Berlin: N.P., 1939. Account
of the German air force and the struggle for air superiority over
the Western Front.
914 Thornton, L. H. and Pamela Fraser. The Congreves: Father and Son.
London: John Murray, 1930. This volume combines a biography
of General Sir Walter Norris Congreve who served as a
divisional and corps commander with the B.E.F. with extracts
from the diary of his son, Bt.-Major William La Touche
Congreve who served in the Rifle Brigade until his death in
1915.
915 Thoumin, Richard. The First World War. Translated by Martin Kieffer.
London: Martin Secker & Warburg and G. P. Putnam's Sons,
1963; orig. La Grande Guerre. Paris: Payot, 1931. Thoumin
includes numerous extracts from first-hand accounts to recreate
the experience of the war. Although a useful source of details,
his tendency to treat fictionalized works with the same respect as
primary sources requires some caution in use.
916 Thuiller, Henry F. Gas in the Next War. London: Geoffrey Bles, 1939.
Although the author, who commanded some aspects of British
gas warfare on the Western Front, is interested in future use of
the weapon, he devotes several chapters to describing its use in
World War I.
917 Travers, Tim. The Killing Ground: The British Army, the Western Front,
and the Emergence of Modern Warfare, 1900-1918. London:
Allen and Unwin, 1987. An excellent analysis of the war, with
a good chapter on the doctrine of the offensive which was
dominant in 1914.
918 Tredwell, Terry C. and Alan C. Wood. The First Air War: A Pictorial
History 1914-1919. London: Brassy's, 1996. Although mostly
valuable for images, this volume does include some commentary.
919 Tucker, A. B. The Battle Glory of Canada: Being the Story of the
Canadians at the Front, Including the Battle of Ypres. London:
Cassell, 1915. This narrative is somewhat exaggerated but does
quote letters and describe Second Ypres.
920 Tucker, Spencer C. Ed. The European Powers in the First World War:
An Encyclopedia. New York: Garland, 1996. This
encyclopedia is a convenient reference for a variety of topics
including battles, weapons, tactics, and strategy.
921 Tyng, Sewell. The Campaign of the Marne 1914. New York: Longmans,
Green, 1935. Tyng actually covers the history of the war from
beginning through the Battle of the Marne. His is a thorough and
elaborate version.
922 Urquhart, H. M. The History of the 16th Battalion (The Canadian

Scottish) Canadian Expeditionary Force in the Great War, 1914-
1919. Toronto: Macmillan for the Trustees and Regimental
Committee of the 16th Battalion (Canadian Scottish) C. E. F.,
1932. Urquhart includes discussions of the battles of 2nd Ypres,
Gravenstafel Ridge, Festubert, Ploegsteert, and Hill 63 and
conveys a sense of pride in achievement though not particularly
Canadian nationalism.
923 Urquhart, Hugh M. Arthur Currie: The Biography of a Great Canadian.

Toronto: J. M. Dent, 1950. Currie went to France early in the
war as a brigade commander and became the commander of the
Canadian forces. Urquhart is inclined to praise his subject
warmly but his account of Currie's experiences is generally
accurate.
924 Vale, W. L. History of the South Staffordshire Regiment. Aldershot:

Gale & Polden, 1969. Vale traces the activity of the regiment
that was involved in many of the 1914-15 battles, particularly
Mons and the Marne. It also had units at Neuve Chapelle,
Aubers Ridge, and Festubert.
925 Van Creveld, Martin. Supplying War: Logistics from Wallenstein to

Patten. London: Cambridge University Press, 1977. Provides
a detailed discussion of Moltke's supply problems and a critique
of the Schlieffen Plan strategy.
926 Van Der Essen, Léon. The Invasion & the War in Belgium From Liege to
the Yser, With a Sketch of the Diplomatic Negotiations
Preceding the Conflict. London: Fisher Unwin, 1917. Includes
discussion of the situation and struggle in Belgium of which the
B.E.F. became a significant part.
927 van Hartesveldt, Fred R. The Dardanelles Campaign, 1915:

Historiography and Annotated Bibliography. Westport:
Greenwood Press, 1997. This reference work provides

information about sources and historiographical debate
concerning the British effort to force the Dardanelles and invade
Turkey. It allows the Dardanelles struggle to omitted from the
current examination of the British army in 1915.
928 Veitch, E. Hardinge. 8th Battalion the Durham Light Infantry, 1793-
1926. Durham: J. H. Veitch & Sons, n.d. The 8th Battalion saw
action at 2nd Ypres but was not in the other battles of the B.E.F.
Veitch's account is limited and narrowly focused but does include
some details.
929 Villate, Robert. Foch à la Marne: La 9e Armée aux marais de Saint-

Gond (5-10 septembre 1914). [Foch at the Marne: The 9th Army
at the Marshes of Saint-Gond (5-10 September 1914.] Paris:
Charles-Lavauzelle, 1932. Villate notes Foch's extreme
aggressiveness in ordering attacks that were beyond the capacity
of his battered forces. His descriptions help establish the role
and importance of the B.E.F. at the Battle of the Marne.
930 Vivian, A. P. G. The Phantom Brigade; Or the Contemptible Adventure.

London: Ernest Benn, 1930. Vivian, with the 4th Middlesex in
the 3rd Division, describes Mons and Le Cateau effectively, but
then seems to lose focus.
931 Wackett, E. "Experiences with the First Western Ontario Regiment,

Canadian Expeditionary Force." Annual Report of the Waterloo
Historical Society. 5 (1917): 43- 47. Wackett, a corporal,
gives an eloquent account of fighting at Second Ypres.
932 Wakefield, J. and J. M. Weippert. Eds. Indian Cavalry Officer, 1914-

1915. Tunbridge Wells: Costello, 1986. This book is the diary
of R. W. W. "Roly" Grimshaw who served with the 34th Poona
Horse, was badly wounded at Festubert, and later commanded an
Indian cavalry war depot.
933 Walker, G. "From the Aisne to Ypres, 1914: Further Incidents in the
Story of the 59th Field Company, R.E." The Royal Engineers
Journal 32 (July, 1920): 25-36. In addition to his portrayal of
life in the trenches, Walker offers more technical details of
engineering work such as preparing the defensive system of the
B.E.F.
934 Walker, G. Goold. Ed. The Honourable Artillery Company in the Great
War, 1914-1919. London: Seeley, Service, 1930. Units of the
H. A. C. were in 1915 battles, but the poor index and table of

contents (useful only for finding specific battalions and batteries)
makes using this book difficult.
935 War History of the Sixth Battalion the South Staffordshire Regiment.
(T.F.), The. London: William Heinemann, 1924. This well-
written unit history describes the experiences of the sixth
battalion in France from early March, 1915.
936 Ward, C. H. Dudley. History of the Welsh Guards. London: John

Murray, 1920. The only battle of 1914-15 covered in this
volume is Loos. Ward provides a fairly detailed description of
the tactical situation but makes little effort to tie that to the
overall situation.
937 Ward, C. H. Dudley and J. P. Riley. Regimental Records of the Royal

Welch Fusiliers. Vol 3: France and Flanders, 1914-1918.
London: Foster Groom, 1928-29. Ward does a thorough job of
following battalions of the Royal Welch Fusiliers in the fighting
of 1914-15, particularly at the Marne and Ypres.
938 Ward, C. H. Dudley. The Welsh Regiment of Foot Guards, 1915-1918.

London: John Murray, 1936. Loos is the only battle of 1915
covered, but it is done in some detail with a comparison of the
commanders' view to that of the actual situation. This is a very
valuable perspective.
939 Warner, Philip. The Battle of Loos. London: William Kimber, 1976; rpt.
2000. Warner wrote a brief overview of the battle and then
added a number of contemporary accounts. His books has much
information, but his failure to tie events in the eye witness
accounts to the big picture leads to some confusion about the
relationship of details to one another and the overall situation.
940 Warren, Arnold. Wait for the Waggon: The Story of the Royal Canadian
Army Service Corps. NP: McClelland and Stewart, 1961.
Warren's chapter concerning World War I discusses the C. E. F.'s
logistics and especially Second Ypres. Information given is quite
limited, however.
941 Waters, R. S. History of the 5th Battalion (Pathans) 14th Punjab

Regiment. N.P.: James Bain, 1936. The 5th Battalion arrived in
France in late April and suffered serious casualties in the fighting
around Ypres.
942 Watson, W. H. L. Adventures of a Dispatch Rider. London: Blackwood,

1915. Watson describes the period from Mons to La Basseé.
943 Watteville, H. G. de. "A Legend of the Marne, 1914." Army Quarterly
4 (1922): 85-91. The author rejects claims that Foch's 42nd
Division won the battle, and argues that the decisions to
withdraw was made due to the influence of Colonel Hentsch's
intervention and the Anglo-French threat to the German flank.
The action of Foch's unit came after the decision had been taken.
944 Wauchope, A. G. Ed. A History of the Black Watch in the Great War,
1914-1918. 3 Vols. London: Medici Society, 1925-26. These
volumes deal with each battalion of the regiment and thus include
discussion of virtually every battle of the war. The accounts are
detailed but so narrowly focused that it is sometimes hard to
connect the events to the overall situation.
945 Wavell, Archibald. Allenby: A Study in Greatness. New York: Oxford

University Press, 1941. Allenby commanded the B.E.F.'s cavalry
in 1914, and has been accused of failing to cover the infantry
during the retreat from Mons and then not pursuing the Germans
effectively during their retreat from the Marne. Wavell
acknowledges that there were some difficulties, but maintains
that on the whole the cavalry did its job adequately. Early
problems were due to the unexpected nature of the Schlieffen
Plan followed by a lack of room to maneuver during the retreat.
Later the cavalry division had been split, and Allenby controlled
only half of it. Allenby did miss a chance on September 9 to
exploit a gap in the German lines, but realizing the gap was there
is easier in hindsight than at the time. His men fought in later
battles– 1st and 2nd Ypres, Loos–but on foot. Having gotten the
reputation as a pusher, on October 15 he took command of the
3rd Army. Although he clearly admires his subject, Wavell is
reasonably even-handed in his analysis of Allenby's performance.
946 Weaver, Lawrence. The Story of the Royal Scots (The Lothian Regiment).
Formerly the First or Royal Regiment of Foot. London:
Country Life, 1915. Weaver briefly describes the Royal Scots
involvement in the early battles of the war including Mons, Le
Cateau, and the Ypres Salient.
947 Weber, Emil. Das Landwehr-Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 77. Auszüge aus

den amtlichen Kriegstagebüchern mit Beiträgen von
Mitktämpfern. [Infantry Regiment No. 77. Based on Official
Records and Writings of Soldiers.] Berlin: Stalling, 1922.
Weber describes the 77th Regiment's struggles with the B.E.F.

and its involvement in the use of gas against the British.
948 Weetman, W. C. C. The Sherwood Foresters in the Great War, 1914-

1919, Battalion. Nottingham: Thos. Forman & Sons, 1920.
This battalion was in the line repeatedly starting in April, 1915.
The unit history includes accounts of life in the trenches and
action.
949 Weintraub, Stanley. Silent Night: The Story of the World War I Christmas
Truce. New York: The Free Press, 2001. Weintraub presents
the 1914 impromptu cessation of fighting on Christmas eve and
day as muck more significant and pervasive that have earlier
scholars. He seems to believe that it represented an actual
opportunity to find a peaceful solution to the war.
950 Wells, Clifford Almon. From Montreal to Vimy Ridge and Beyond, The
Correspondence of Lieut. Clifford Almon Wells of the 8th
Battalion, Canadians, B.E.F., November, 1915-April, 1917.
Edited by O. C. S. Wallace. Toronto: McClelland, Goodchild
& Stewart, 1917. Wells comments in his correspondence about
the B.E.F. only concerning the very end of the period covered in
this volume. Nonetheless the volume has some value for
descriptions of conditions.
951 Westlake, Ray. British Battalions in France and Belgium, 1914.

London: Leo Cooper, 1997. Westlake's meticulous identification
of the movements and locations of the 143 battalions in the initial
campaigns of the war makes this a very useful reference work.
952 Westlake, Ray. English and Welsh Infantry Regiments: An Illustrated

Record of Service, 1662-1994. Staplehurst: Spellmount, 1996.
Provides a valuable reference for details about regimental
accouterments, travels, and, briefly, histories.
953 Westlake, Ray. Kitchener's Army, 1914-1918. Staplehurst: Spellmont,

1998. Westlake's presentation includes extensive details of the
new army from uniform markings through battlefield service. It
is heavily illustrated.
954 Whalley-Kelly, H. "Ich Dien" The Prince of Wales' Volunteers, 1914-

1934. Aldershot: Gale & Polden, 1935. Whalley-Kelly follows
battalions through most of the battles of 1914-15 and makes
some effort to provide context so the importance of details in the
course of the battle can be understood.
955 White, A. S. A Bibliography of Regimental Histories of the British Army.

London: Society for Army Historical Research, 1960; rpt. 1965,
1988, 1992. White has put together a useful, comprehensive
bibliographical resource.
956 Whitehorne, A. C. and Thomas O. Marden. The History of the Welch

Regiment. Cardiff: Western Mail and Echo, 1932. This volume
provides tactical details of much of the fighting in 1914 and
1915, but includes little comment regarding the overall situation.
957 Whitmore, F. H. D. C. The 10th P. W. O. Royal Hussars and the Essex

Yeomanry During the European War, 1914-1918. Colchester:
Benham, 1920. Whitmore includes short accounts of the retreat
from Mons, 1st Ypres, Neuve Chapelle, and Loos, but his focus
is so narrow that the value of his work is mostly for details about
individuals' actions.
958 Whitton, F. E. The Marne Campaign. London: Constable, 1917.

Whitton, who thinks the British were overwhelmed at Le Cateau,
often seems unsure of his facts and about what is important.
959 Whyte, F. and A. H. Atteridge. A History of the Queen's Bays (2nd

Dragoon Guards). 2 Vols. London: Jonathan Cape, 1930-1954.
Provides detailed accounts of the fighting at Nery and First
Ypres.
960 Wilde, Capt.-Comdt. R. de. De Liège à l'Yser: mon journal de

campagne. [From Liége to the Yser: My Campaign Journal]
Paris: Plon-Nourrit, 1918. Wilde narrates his experiences of the
early campaigns in Belgium where the B.E.F. was also in action.
961 Wilhelm, Crown Prince. Der Marne-Feldzug 1914. [The Marne

Campaign 1914.] Berlin: Dob, 1926. The German prince and
general describes the campaign that ensured failure of the
Schlieffen Plan.
962 Willcocks, James. With the Indians in France. London: Constable, 1920.
Willcocks, the commander of the Indian Corps supplements
official records with material from his own diary and letters. His
focus is events before Neuve Chapelle, after which the Indian
Corps was shifted to the 1st Army, and he had less contact.
963 Willcox, Walter Temple. The 3rd (King's Own) Hussars in the Great War.
London: John Murray, 1925; rpt. 1988. The 3rd Hussars were
part of the original B.E.F., and were heavily engaged at the
Battles of Ypres in 1914-15. The unit history follows the action.
964 Williams, Jeffrey. Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry. London:

Leo Cooper in Association with Secker and Warburg, 1972; rpt.
1985. Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry was the first
Canadian unit to reach the Western Front. It was heavily
engaged in much of the fighting in 1915.
965 Williamson, H. J. The Roll of Honour: Royal Flying Corps and Royal
Air Force for the Great War, 1914-18. Dallington: Naval &
Military Press, 1992. This volume is mostly useful for
identifying individuals involved in the air war but does have
information about aerial operations.
966 Williamson, Henry. The Wet Flanders Plain. London: Faber & Faber,
1929; rpt. 1987. Williamson's descriptions of the ground of
Flanders gives a powerful sense of what the soldiers faced.
967 Willson, Beckles. Ypres, The Holy Ground of British Arms. Burges:
Chas. Beyaert, 1920. Willson is at pains to describe the beauties
of the city of Ypres destroyed by the Germans, but he does
provide chapters specifically about the battles of First and
Second Ypres. These are unfortunately superficial and have
some errors.
968 Wilson, A. J. "The Riddle of Schlieffen: Some Comments on Captain

Wynne's Analysis of British Tactical Failures in the First World
War." Royal United Service Institution Journal. 103 (Aug.,
1958): 356-64. G. C. Wynne has written extensively about the
British in World War I and contributed to the Official History.
His conclusion about the British failures in the major battles of
1915–Neuve Chapelle, Aubers Ridge, and Loos-was that the
British failed to adequately understand the dominance of
machine guns. Wilson argues that this is a much too limited
analysis and that there were numerous problems that contributed
to the failures.
969 Wing Adjutant. [Blake, Wilfred.] The Royal Flying Corps in the War.
London: Cassell, 1918. Although he does not focus on specific
battles, the author does discuss the role and methods of the
Flying Corps in artillery observation, bombing, and other means
of support that were very important to the B.E.F.
970 Winnifrith, Douglas P. The Church in the Fighting Line with General
Smith-Dorrien at the Front: Being the Experiences of a
Chaplain in Charge of an Infantry Brigade. London: Hodder

and Stoughton, 1915. Winnifrith recounts his experiences on the
Western Front from the beginning of the war through early 1915.
971 Winterbotham, J. L. "Geographical and Survey Work in France,

Especially in connection with Artillery." Journal of the Royal
Artillery. 46 (1919): 154-72. The last large-scale study of the
topography of the Western Front had been done by Napoleon,
and British efforts were very important in preparing for the
problems of modern war.
972 Wirth, Hauptmann A. Von der Saale zur Aisne. [From the Saale to the
Aisne.] Leipzig: Kriegstagbiätter, 1915; rpt. 1920. This German
narrative by a member of the 7th Reserve Division staff has a very
good account of Le Cateau.
973 Wise, S. F. Canadian Airmen and the First World War: The Official
History of The Royal Canadian Air Force Volume I. Toronto:
University of Toronto Press with Dept. of National Defense,
1980. Although few Canadian airmen reached the Western Front
before the end of 1915, Wise incorporates information about the
few that did into a chapter outlining the growth of the Royal
Flying Corps and its importance, especially for artillery
observation, in the early battles of the B.E.F.
974 With the First Canadian Contingent. Toronto: Hodder &

Stoughton/Musson, 1915. This volume has some excellent
photographs and a few letters from France.
975 Witkop, Philipp. Ed. Kriegsbriefe gefallener Studenten. München:

Georg Müller, 1929. Translation by A. F. Wedd: German
Students' War Letters. London: Meuthen, 1929. War is fought
by the young, and these letters give personal narratives from the
German side. They make interesting comparisons with
comments from members of the B.E.F.
976 Witt-Guizot, Lieut. Colonel de. Les grandes Étapes de la Victorie 1914-
1918. [The Great March to Victory 1914-1918.] Paris: Berger-
Levrault, 1923. The author is excessively critical of the B.E.F.
asserting that it was not in place at Mons, defeated at Le Cateau,
and lagged behind at the Marne.
977 Wolff, Anne. Ed. Subalterns of the Foot: Three World War I Diaries of
Officers of the Cheshire Regiment. Worchester: Square One,
1992. These first hand accounts begin in 1915 and afford a vivid
account of the B.E.F. and its involvement in the fray.
978 Wood, H. F. The King's Royal Rifle Corps. London: Hamish Hamilton,
1967. Provides details of battalions active in most of the B.E.F.'s
actions in 1914-14.
979 Wood, W. de B. Ed. The History of the King's Shropshire Light Infantry
in the Great War, 1914-1918. London: Medici Society, 1925.
The editor has included accounts of each of the regiment's eight
battalions, and so although several battles are described, the
accounts are short and episodic.
980 Woodward, Llewellyn. Great Britain and the War 1914-1918. London:
Methuen, 1967. In this well-written, scholarly survey,
Woodward praises the B.E.F. for its "decisive contribution" to
stopping the initial German drive. He does not think that
performance was sustained through 1915, and is quite critical of
Sir John French at Loos, asserting that after the battle French was
no longer able to command.
981 Woodyatt, Nigel G. Ed. The Regimental History of the 3rd Queen
Alexandra's Own Gurkha Rifles. London: Philip Allan, 1929.
Although this work includes accounts of the regiment's battalions
at Givenchy and Neuve Chapelle, the focus is so narrow that it is
of little value other than for details of the units themselves.
982 "The Work of the Royal Engineers in the European War, 1914-1919:
Chemical Warfare." The Royal Engineers Journal 23 (Feb.,
1921): 105-120. This article traces the British effort to develop
chemical munitions and briefly relates their use in 1915.
983 Worthington, Larry. Amid the Guns Below: The Story of the Canadian
Corps (1914-1919). Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1965.
Although popular in format and not extensively researched, this
book does have the virtue of focusing on the development of the
Canadian machine gun corps, an unusual theme.
984 Wrede, Edmund Fürst von. Stimme aus der Front. Bülow's Vormarsch,
Rückzug und Rettung seiner und der I Armee. [A Voice from the
Front. Billow's Advance, Retreat and Saving of His Own and the
First Army.] Bamberg: Hübscher, 1925. This defense of
General Bülow's handling of German forces on the right wing in
1914 delineates the situation in which the B.E.F. found itself in
the first months of the war.
985 Wykes.A. The Royal Hampshire Regiment. London: Hamish Hamilton,

1968. Although too short to provide significant detail, this
volume does include Royal Hampshire battalions serving with
the B.E.F. in 1914-15.
986 Wylly, H. C. The Border Regiment in the Great War. Aldershot: Gale
and Polden, 1925. This regiment had a battalion in the Salient
from 1914, and Wylly does an effective job of describing it's
situation.
987 Wylly, H. C. The Ist and 2nd Battalions the Sherwood Foresters
(Nottingham and Derbyshire Regiment) in the Great War.
Aldershot: Gale & Polden, n.d. Wylly provides a limited
description of action at the tactical level of the Aisne, Hooge,
Neuve Chapelle, Aubers Ridge, and Loos, and a more valuable
description of life in the trenches early in the war.
988 Wylly, H. C. The Green Howards in the Great War, 1914-1919.

Richmond, Yorkshire: N.P., 1926. Wylly's detailed accounts of
the 1915 battles of the B.E.F. provide much information, but his
focus on individual battalions makes the overall pictures of
battles somewhat difficult to extract from his text.
989 Wylly, H. C. History of the 1st and 2nd Battalions The Leicestershire
Regiment in the Great War. Aldershot: Gale & Polden, n.d.
These battalions were involved at the Aisne, 1st and 2nd Ypres,
Hooge, La Bassée, Festubert, Neuve Chapelle, and Loos.
Wylly's focus is particularly narrow in this book, and he offers
little analysis or comment beyond the tactical level.
990 Wylly, H. C, et al. History of the King's Own Yorkshire Light Infantry.
6 Vols. London: Percy Lund, Humphries, n.d. The volume
concerning 1914-18 includes an effective use fo context for
battles in which the units of the regiment fought so that their
efforts fit into the larger picture of the war. Most of the B.E.F.'s
engagements are covered.
991 Wylly, H. C. History of the Manchester Regiment. Vol. 2. London:

Foster Groom, 1923-1925. Wylly's account of Le Cateau in this
volume is particularly forceful, but he describes the rest of the
involvement of the regiment in 1914-15.
992 Wylly, H. C. History of the Queen's Royal Regiment. Vol.7. Aldershot:

Gale & Polden, n.d. Wylly's accounts of the battalions in this
unit tend to be short and episodic, but he does include some
tactical details. His discussion of Loos is more extensive.
993 Wylly, H. C. The Loyal North Lancashire Regiment. 2 Vols. London:

Royal United Service Institution, 1933. Battalions of this
regiment were involved in many of the B.E.F.'s 1914-15 battles,
and Wylly does an effective job of description and evaluation.
994 Wylly, H. C. The Sherwood Foresters in the Great War. Aldershot:

Gale & Polden, 1924. Wylly writes clearly and makes clear the
involvement of the regiment in the early battles, especially at the
Aisne.
995 Wylly, H. C. A Short History of the Cameronians. 2nd ed. Aldershot:

Gale & Polden, 1939. Wylly follows various battalions in action
particularly at Mons, Loos, and Neuve Chapelle. The focus on
battalions, however, results in information being so scattered
through the volume that extracting a complete picture is difficult.
996 Wylly, H. C. The York and Lancaster Regiment, 1758-1919. 2 Vols.

Privately Published, n.d. One battalion of the regiment was in
the First Division from the beginning of the war and a second
arrived from India in early 1915.
997 Wynne, G. C. "The Battle of the Sambre:" (Charleroi-Mons), The 21st-

24th of August, 1914." Army Quarterly 4 (1922): 14-34.
Wynne portrays this battle as the final check of the Schlieffen
Plan.
998 [Wynne, G. C] "The Other Side of the Hill, No. III: The Fight for Hill
70, 25th-26th of September 1915." Army Quarterly 8 (July,
1924): 261 -73. An account of the German activity by an English
officer and scholar.
999 [Wynne, G. C] "The Other Side of the Hill, No. XII: The Night Attack at
Landrecies, 25th August, 1914." Army Quarterly 28 (July,
1934): 247-54. An account of the German activity by an English
officer and scholar.
1000 [Wynne, G. C] "The Other Side of the Hill, No. XVI: Aubers Ridge, 9th
of May, 1915." Army Quarterly 36 (July, 1938): 242-48. An
account of the German activity by an English officer and scholar.
1001 [Wynne, G. C] "The Other Side of the Hill, No. XVII: Neuve Chapelle,
10th-12th March, 1915." Army Quarterly 37 (Oct., 1938): 30-
46. An account of the German activity by an English officer and
scholar.
1002 Wynne, G. C. "Pattern for Limited (Nuclear) War: The Riddle of the
Schlieffen Plan." (Part 1.) Royal United Service Institution
Journal 102 (Nov., 1957): 488-99. Wynne argues that
Schlieffen understood that firepower, especially machine guns,
could be substituted for manpower. The British command never
gained a real understanding of this tactical reality. Thus British
attacks--Wynne cites all of the major battles of 1915--were
bloody failures. Parts two and three of this series of essays,
though interesting, are not relevant to the study of World War I.
1003 Wynne, G. C. "Reflections on Neuve Chapelle, March, 1915." The

Fighting Forces. 12 (1935): 497-503. Provides information
about the Germans and the movement of their reserves during the
Battle of Neuve Chapelle.
1004 Wyrall, Everard. The Die-Hards in the Great War: A History of the Duke
of Cambridge's Own (Middlesex Regiment), 1914-1919.
London: Harrison & Sons, n.d. Wyrall, a prolific unit historian,
provides some campaign context and quite detailed tactical
accounts of most of the battles in the first years of the war.
1005 Wyrall, Everard. The East Yorkshire Regiment in the Great War, 1914-
1918. London: Harrison & Sons, 1928. Wyrall provides
accounts of action in most of the battles from late 1914 through
1915, but he acknowledges that in the confused fighting in the
salient it is very difficult to follow the battalions of a particular
regiment.
1006 Wyrall, Everard. The Gloucestershire Regiment in the War, 1914-1918.

London: Methuen, 1931. Wyrall provides short detailed accounts
of all the major battles fought by the B.E.F., but he offers no
commentary.
1007 Wyrall, Everard. The History of the Duke of Cornwall's Light Infantry,
1914-1919. London: Methuen, 1932. This volume includes
details of virtually all the battles of the B.E.F. in 1914-15, and
although the focus is narrow, the author does a reasonable job of
supplying context.
1008 Wyrall, Everard. The History of the King's Regiment (Liverpool), 1914-
1919. 3 Vols. London: Edward Arnold, 1928-35. The detailed
coverage of battalions that comes from unit histories is very
valuable. Wyrall does a better job than most unit historians,
especially when, as in this case, he is not restricted by limited

space.
1009 Wyrall, Everard. The History of the 19th Division. London: Edward
Arnold; Bradford: Lund, Humphries, n.d. Wyrall's description
of the 19th Division's difficult situation in the second stage of the
battle of Loos is quite clear and detailed. Unfortunately, he does
not draw any conclusions about why, after initial success,
problems developed for the second stage attack.
1010 Wyrall, Everard. The History of the SecondDivision, 1914-1918. 2 Vols.

London: Thomas Nelson and Sons, n.d. The Second Division
was part of the original B.E.F. and involved in all of the major
battles of 1914-15. Wyrall's descriptions of the various smaller
units within the division is quite detailed but narrow in focus.
The volumes are valuable mostly for tactical details.
1011 Wyrall, Everard. The History of the Somerset Light Infantry (Prince
Albert's), 1914-1919. London: Methuen, 1927. Wyrall follows
battalions from this regiment through a number of battles in
1914-15, including Le Cateau, the retreat from Mons, and Loos.
1012 Wyrall, Everard. The West Yorkshire Regiment in the War, 1914-1918.
2 Vols. London: John Lane the Bodley Head, n.d. Wyrall
includes descriptions of the battles of the Aisne, Armentières,
Neuve Chapelle, and Bellewaerde, noting the growing tactical
sophistication of the B.E.F.
1013 Young, B. K. "The Diary of An R.E. Subaltern with the B.E.F, 1914."
The Royal Engineers Journal 47 (Dec, 1933): 549-71; 48
(March, 1934): 1-19. Young was in the 9th Field Company.
Although technical at times, he is eloquent in his treatment of his
experiences.
1014 Young, Peter. Great Battles of the World on Land, Sea & Air. New
York: Bookthrift Publications, 1978. The Battle of the Marne
is included in this volume, but it offers no more than a brief
introduction.
1015 Ypres and the Battles for Ypres. London: Michelin, 1920; rpt. n.d.
Although the Michelin Guides are intended for travelers, those,
like this one, focused on battlefields provide much useful
information about the locality and about the battle itself.
1016 Zurlinden, Général. La Guerre de Libération, 1914-1918. [The War of

Deliverance.] 2 Vols. Paris: Libarie Hachette, 1919. Zurlinden,

a politician as well as soldier, tends to focus on the French, but
he does have accounts of B.E.F. activities.
1017 Zwehl, General von. Erich von Falkenhayn, General der Infanterie. Eine
Biographische Studie. [Erich von Falkenhayn, General of
Infantry. A Biographical Study.] Berlin: Mittler, 1925. This
biography, sympathetic to its subject, provides some analysis of
German strategic thinking concerning the B.E.F.
1018 Zwehl, General von. Maubeuge-Aisne-Verdun. Berlin: Curtius, 1921.

A well-supported account by a German commander who took
Maubeuge and then delayed Haig on the Aisne.
Index
Numbers show in regular type refer to entry numbers in the annotated bibliography. Numbers in
bold type refer to pages in the historiographical essay. Numerals have been treated as if they were
spelled out. Names with prefixes such as van and de, have been alphabetized according to
customary usage. Thus van Kluck, for instance, appears under "K."
A. H. B., 1 Albert, King of the Belgians in the Great

action du Général Foch a la bataille de la War: His Military Experiences Set
Marne, L', 581 Down With His Approval, 354
Adami, J. G., 2 Aldrich, Mildred, 10
Adams, Jack, 4 Alex: The Life of Field Marshal Earl
Adams, Bernard, 3 Alexander of Tunis, 718
Adamson, Agar, 5 Alexander, Harold, 478, 518
Adcock, Arthur, 6 Alexander of Tunis As Military Commander,
Addington, Larry, 7 518
Advance from Mons 1914, The, 103 Alexander of Tunis, 478
Adventures of a Dispatch Rider, 942 Allen, George H., 11
Adventures on the Western Front, August Allenby of Arabia, 359
1914 to June 1915, 777 Allenby of Armageddon, 830
Adye, John, 8 Allenby: A Study in Greatness, 945
Air Aces of the 1914-1918 War, 806 Allenby, Edmond, 5, 9, 63, 181, 359, 521,
Air Fighter's Scrapbook, 533 830, 945
Air Power and Armies, 865 Ambition, Duty and Doctrine: Haig's Rise to
"Air Reconnaissance in Open Warfare: Two High Command," 260
Incidents in the Advance to the Andrew George Latta McNaughton, 1887-
Aisne in September, 1914," 866 1966, 621
Airman's War 1914-18, The, 589 Andrew R. Buxton, the Rifle Brigade, A
Aisne, Battle of, 56, 58, 88, 106, 117, 127, Memoir, 159
144, 153-54, 192, 221, 239, 333, Andrews, William L., 12
342, 384, 409, 505, 643, 718, 744, Angel of Mons: Phantom Soldiers and
750, 754, 819, 933, 987, 989, 994, Ghostly Guardians, The, 207
1012, 1018 Anglesey, The Marquess of, 13
Aitken, Max, 9 Anglo-French Relations and Strategy on the
Alanbrooke, 336 Western Front, 1914-1918, 752
Alarms and Excursions: Reminiscences of a Annals of an Active Life, 631
Soldier, 136 Annals of the King's Royal Rifle Corps, The,
445 137, 206, 293, 313, 363, 433, 537,

Another Garland from the Front: 5th 645, 660, 924, 968, 987, 1000
Canadian Battalion (Western Auld, S. J. M, 38
Cavalry), Saskatchewan Aus der Gedankenwerkstatt des Deutschen
Regiment, 42 Generalstabes, 325
Anthology of Armageddon, 714 Aus dem Kriege, 96
Antwerp, 523, 626, 661, 734 Aviation in Peace and War, 898
Aperçu Historique sur les mouvements et Azan, Paul, 39
opérations des Corps et Divisions Babin, Gustave, 40
de Cavalerie en liaison avec les Babington, Anthony, 41
Armées 1914-1918, 749 Bader, Brian, 437
Aquila, 14 Bagshaw, G. B., 42
Argyle, Christopher, 406 Bailey, O. F., 44
Armageddon Road: A VC's Diary, 1914- Bailey, Jonathan, 43
1916, 220 Bairnsfather, Bruce, 45
Armed Forces of Canada, 1867-1967, The, Baker, H. A., 47
394 Baker-Carr, C. D., 47
Armée Allemande Avant et Pendant La Balck, William, 48
Guerre de 1914-1918, L', 250 Baldwin, Hanson W., 49
Armée von Kluck à la Bataille de la Marne, Baldwin, Harold, 50
L', 558 Bales, P. G., 51
Armées françaises dan la Grande Guerre, Ballard, C., 52
Les, 334 Ballard, C. R., 53
Armour Against Fate: British Military Banks, Arthur, 54
Intelligence in the First World Banks, T. M., 55
War, 724 Barclay, C.N., 56, 531
Arnewood, 15 Barker, Ralph, 59
Arthur, George, 16-19, 755 Barker, A. J., 58
Arthur Currie: The Biography of a Great Barnard, L. G., 60
Canadian, 923 Barnett, Correlli, 61
Artillery, 14-18, 23, 1, 15, 43, 77, 85-87, 91, Barrie, Alexander, 62
94-95, 97, 123, 204-05, 228-29, Barrow, George, 63-64
264, 309, 336, 398, 403, 416, 425, Bartels, Willi,, 822
485-86, 511, 517, 553, 555, 588, Bartz, Karl, 236
621-22, 630, 642, 650, 660, 687, Bataille de la Marne, La, 514
745, 774, 824, 847, 854, 856, 872, Bataille de la Marne, La, 40
883, 895, 900, 934, 969, 971, 973 Bataille de la Marne, La, 442
"Artillery Innovations in WWI," 511 Bataille de la Marne, La, 173
"Artillery Development in the Great War," 97 Bataille de la Marne (1914), La, 575
"Artillery Tactics," 398 Batchelor, Peter, 65
Arz, Arthur Albert, 20 Battine, Cecil, 66
Ascoli, David, 7, 10, 21 Battle Book of Ypres, The, 131
Ash, Bernard, 22 Battlefields of the First World War: A
Ashby, John, 10, 23 Traveller's Guide, 492
Ashcroft, A. H., 24 Battle-Fields of the Marne (1914), 665
Ashurst, George, 25 Battlefields of the World War: Western and
Asprey, Robert B. , 26-27 Southern Fronts. A Study in
Aston, George, 28-29 Military Geography, 528
At Antwerp and the Dardanelles, 331 Battle Glory of Canada: Being the Story of
At G.H.Q., 196 the Canadians at the Front,
Atkinson, C. T., 31-35 Including the Battle of Ypres. The,
Atlas of World War I, 380 919
Atteridge, A. Hilliard, 36-37, 959 Battle of Le Cateau: 26 August, 1914. Tour
Au service de la France, 755 of the Battlefield, The, 411
Aubers Ridge, Battle of, 14-16, 23, 44, 58, Battle of Loos, The, 18, 939
Index 165
Battle of the Aisne, The, 409 Blin, Colonel, 102

Battle of the Marne, The, 410 Blitzkrieg Era and the German General Staff,
Battle of the Marne, The, 748 1865-1941, The, 7
"Battle of the Marne, 8th and 9th September, Bloem, Walter, 103
1914, The,"563 Blond, Georges, 8, 104
"Battle of the Sambre:" (Charleroi-Mons), Blunden, Edmund, 105
The 21st-24th of August, 1914, Bölsche, Arnold, 557
The," 997 Bolwell, F. A., 106
Battle Sketches 1914-15, 473 Bond, Brian, 79, 107-09, 260
Battles in Flanders, From Ypres to Neuve Bond, R. C., 110
Chapelle, The, 254 Bond, R. L., 111
Bauer, Max, 67 Bonham-Carter, Victor, 112
Baumann, Eberhard, 68 Booth, P., 113
Baumgarten-Crusius, Artur, 70 Boraston, J. H., 114
Bax, E. O., 114 Bordeau, Henry, 115
Bayerischer Kriegsarchiv, 71 Border Regiment in the Great War, The, 986
Bayern in Grossen Kriege, 1914-1918, Die, Boucherie, Colonel, 116
71 Boullaire, Général, 117
Baynes, John, 72-73, 531 Bourget, J.-M., 118
Beadon, R. H., 330 Bourne, J. M., 119-20
Beattie, Kim, 74 Bowden, W. G., 121
Beaumont, Harry, 75 Bowyer, Chaz, 122
Becke, A. F., 76-77 Boyd, William, 123
Beckett, Ian, 22, 79, 80 Brander, Michael, 124
Begbie, Harold, 81 Brasshat: A Biography of Field-Marshall Sir
Beginnings of Organized Air Power, The, 876 Henry Wilson, 215
Belfield, Eversley, 82 Braun, Julius Ritter von, 125
Bell, F. McKelvey, 83 Breaking of the Storm, 144
Belloc, Hilaire, 84 Bredin, A. E. C., 126
Benary, Albert, 85 Brereton, F. S., 126-27
Bennett, Arnold, 86 Brereton, J. M., 129
Berdinner, Harold F., 87 Brett, G. A., 130
Berkeley, Reginald, 88 Brice, Beatrice, 131-32
Bernhardi, General von, 89 Bridge, F. Maynard, 133
Best, Thomas, 90 Bridger, Geoffrey, 134
Bethell, B.A., 91 Bridges, Tom, 10, 135
Beyond Courage: The Canadians at the Brief History of the Great War, A, 456
Second Battle of Ypres, 15, 185 Brief Outline of the Story of the Canadian
bibliographical/historiographical studies, Grenadier Guards and the First
107, 224, 241, 296, 308, 471, 545, Months of the Royal Montreal
623, 659, 720, 869, 927, 955 Regiment in the Great War, A,
Bibliography of Regimental Histories of the 136
British Army, A, 955 Brigade of the Old Army, A, 430
Bickers, Richard Townshend, 92-93 Bristow, Adrian, 15, 137
Bidwell, Shelford, 94-95 Britain and the Great War 1914-1918, 119
Binding, Rudolf, 96 British Archives and the Sources for the
Biographical Dictionary of World War I, 468 History of the World War, 433
Biography of the Late Marshal Foch, The, 28 "British Army and Signals Intelligence in the
Birch, Noel, 97 Field During the First World War,
Bircher, Eugen, 98 The," 318
Bis zur Marne 1914, 901 British Army in the First World War: The
Blacklock, Michael, 99 Regulars, the Territorials, and
Blake F., 100 Kitchener's Army With Some
Blake, Robert (Lord), 23, 101 Campaigns Into Which They
Blake, Wilfred, 969 Fitted, The, 415
British Army, Units of 15th (Scottish), 889

Argyll & Southern Highlanders, 18th , 72
383 19th, 1009
Armies 20th, 511
1st, 13, 15-16, 963 23rd, 826
2nd, 870 47th, 121
3td, 945 51st( Highland), 812
Baluch Regiment, Duke of Guards, 460
Connaught's Own Lahor, 687, 910
4th Battalion, 910 Royal Naval, 734
Bedfordshire and Hertfordshire Dorsetshire Regiment, 783
Regiment, 656 Dragoon Guards, 82
Black Watch, 12, 944 1st (Queen's), 363
Border Regiment, 853, 986 2nd (Queen's Bays),
Brigades 959
2nd, 508 4th (Royal Irish), 295,
4th, 518 375
10th, 430-31 5 th (Princess of
11th , 673 Wales'), 758
14th, 164 7th (Princess Royal's),
Cambridgeshire Regiment, 798 840
Cameronians (Scottish Rifles), Duke of Cornwall’s Light
531, 995 Infantry, 192, 1007
2nd Battalion, 73 Durham Light Infantry
Cheshire Regiment, 239, 977 5th Battalion, 773
1st Battalion, 858 8th Battalion, 928
City of London Regiment, Royal East Kent Regiment (Buffs), 680
Fusiliers East Lancashire Regiment, 717,
2nd Battalion, 419 782
Corps East Yorkshire Regiment, 1005
1st, 5, 8-9, 17, 518, Essex Regiment, 155
820 10th Battalion, 55
2nd, 5, 7-19 Gloustershire Regiment, 174, 407,
3rd, 164 1006
4th, 13, 17, 657 Gordon Highlanders, 305
11th , 17 4th Battalion, 904
Indian, 231, 292, 416- Green Howards–See Yorkshire
17, 661, Regiment
726, 932 Guards, Regiments of
Die Hards–See Middlesex Cold Stream Guards,
Regiment 314
Divisions Grenadier Guards,
1st, 121, 996 609, 759
2nd(Cavalry), 399, 910 Irish Guards, 273, 478,
2nd, 1010 518, 550
3rd, 144, 930 Scots Guards, 751
4th, 657, 673, 883 Welsh Guards, 936
5th, 505 Gurkha Rifles,
6th, 222, 638 2nd Battalion, King
7th, 34, 158 Edward VII's Own
8th, 114 (Simoor Rifles) 848
9th (Scots), 9, 238, 3rd Battalion, Queen
302, 454, Alexandra's Own, 981
900 Hampshire Regiment – See Royal
th
12 (Eastern), 838 Hampshire Regiment
Index 167
Highland Light Infantry (City of Train, 728

Glasgow Regiment), Ninth Queen's Royal Lancers, 851
723 Norfolk Regiment, 750
Honourable Artillery Company, North Staffordshire Regiment, 222
205, 934 Northhamptonshire Regiment, 427
Hussars Northumberland Fusiliers
3rd (King's Own), 960 1st Battalion, 408
4th (Queen's Own), 299 Nottingham and Derbyshire
10th (Prince of Wales' Regiment (Sherwood Foresters)
Own Royal), 124, 953 1st and 2nd Battalions,
11th (Prince Albert's 987
Own), 434 1st/8th Battalion, 948
14th/20th (King's), 722 lst/7th, 2nd/7th, 3rd/3rd
15th (King's), 117 Battalions, 725
18th (Queen Mary's Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire
Own), 153 Light Infantry, 113, 246, 418
King Edward’s Horse, 522 Oxfordshire Hussars, 542
King's Own Scottish Borderers, Poona Horse
384, 744 34th Battalion, 932
King’s Own Yorkshire Light Prince of Wales' Own Civil
Infantry, 103, 990 Service Rifles, 481
King’s Royal Rifle Corps, 445, Prince of Wales' Volunteers, 954
624, 978 Punjab Regiment, 14th
Lancashire Fusiliers, 25, 574 5th Battalion, 941
Leicestershire Regiment Punjab Regiment, 16th
1st and 2nd Battalions, 4th Battalion, 672
989 Queen Victoria’s Rifles, 453, 540
5th Battalion, 474 Queen’s Own Royal West Kent
Life Guards, 475 Regiment, 33
Light Dragoons, Queen’s 1st Battalion, 674
16th Battalion, 402 Queen's Royal Regiment, 992
Lincolnshire Regiment, 857 Queen’s Westminster Rifles,
Liverpool (King's) Regiment, 1st Battalion, 465
1008 Rajputahna Rifles, 6th
Liverpool Scottish, 619 5th Battalion (Napier's
London Regiment Rifles), 778
13th Battalion Rifle Brigade, 88, 149, 159, 220,
(Kensingtons), 44 450, 914
rd
2 3 Battalion, 327 15th Battalion, 816
London Rifle Brigade, 654, 801 Royal Army Medical Corps, 127,
London Scottish Regiment, 592 194, 253, 561, 731,
Lothian Regiment (Royal Scots), 812, 819, 823
946 Royal Army Service Corps, 237
Loyal North Lancashire Royal Berkshire Regiment, 195
Regiment, 572, 993 Royal Dragoons, 31, 476
1st Battalion, 508 Royal Scots Greys, 99,
Manchester Regiment, 991 394
Middlesex Regiment, Duke of Royal Dublin Fusiliers, 184
Cambridge's Own, Die Royal Engineers, 151, 161, 765,
Hards, 1004 766, 818, 982,
Monmouthshire Regiment 7th Field Company, 46
lst /3rd Battalion, 729 9th Field Company,
2nd Battalion, 130 1013
3rd Battalion, 265 12th Field Company,
19th Infantry Brigade 161
23rd Field Company, Nottingham and

111 Derbyshire Regiment
59th Field Company, Shropshire Light Infantry, 979
933 Sikh Pioneers, 625
107th Field Company, Somerset Light Infantry, Prince
775 Albert's, 673, 685, 1011
Royal Field Artillery, 15, 228 7th Battalion, 843
Northumbrian South Staffordshire Regiment,
Brigade, 727 924
Royal Flying Corps, 57, 59, 212, 6th Battalion, 218, 935
380, 452, 533, 569, 611, 676, 721, 7th Battalion, 24
774, 799, 806, 866, 873, 876, 884, South Wales Borderers, 32
894, 898, 912, 965, 966, 969, 973 Special Brigade, 332, 795
Headquarters, 57 Suffolk Regiment, 705
Second Squadron, 380 Surrey Yeomanry, 448
Royal Fusiliers, 730 12th Royal Lancers, 890
Royal Garhwal Rifles, 274 Welch Regiment, 207
Royal Garrison Artillery, 87 9th Battalion, 300
Royal Hampshire Regiment, 38, West Riding Regiment (Duke of
985 Wellington's), 128, 146, 323, 576
Royal Horse Guards, 477 West Surry Regiment, Queen's
Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers, 333 Royal
Royal Irish Regiment, 367 6th Battalion, 227
Royal Irish Rifles, (later Royale r West Yorkshire Regiment, 58,
Rifles) 307 1012
2nd Battalion, 605 6th Battalion, 905
Royal Irish Fusiliers, 245, 447 Worchester Regiment,
Royal Irish Rifles (later Royal 352, 880
Ulster Rifles), 307 York and Lancashire Regiment,
Royal Munster Fusiliers 996
2nd Battalion, 524, 797 Yorkshire Regiment (Princess of
Royal Regiment of Artillery, 309, Wales' Own; Green
854 Howards), 317, 988
Royal Regiment of Wales, 129 British Artillery Weapons and Ammunition
Royal Scots Fusiliers, 148, 868 1914-1918, 486
Royal Warwickshire Regiment, British Battalions in France and Belgium,
549 1914, 952
1st Battalion, 23 British Logistics on the Western Front, 1914-
11th Battalion, 217 1919, 140
Royal Welch Fusiliers, 121, 156, British Service Lee: The Lee-Metford and
182, 280, 390, 863, Lee-Enfield Rifles and Carbines,
937 1880-1980, The, 864
2nd Battalion, 792 British Strategy and War Aims, 1914-1916,
4th (Denbighshire) 339
Battalion, Britons To Arms! The Story of the British
293 Volunteer Soldier, 887
17th (Service) Brophy, John, 138
Battalion, Brown, Fredric J., 139
257 Brown, Ian Malcolm, 140
Scinde Horse, Prince of Wales' Brown, Malcolm, 141-43
Own, 652 Brownlow, C. A. L., 144
Seaforth Highlanders Bruce, Anthony, 145
9th Battalion, 432 Bruce, C. D., 146
17th Lancers, 667 Bryant, Arthur, 147
Sherwood Foresters–See Buch vom Kriege 1914-1918: Urkunden,
Index 169
Berichte, Briefe, Erinnentngen, Canadian Air Force Volume I,

Das, 832 973
Buchan, John, 148-49, 889 Canadian Army 1855-1965: Lineages--
Bucholz, Arden, 150 Regimental Histories, The, 271
Buckland, Reginald U. H., 151 Canadian Army, Units of
Bullets and Billets, 46 British Columbia Regiment, 678
Bülow, Karl Paul Wilhelm von, 61, 67, 152, Canadian Field Artillery
289, 365, 556, 559, 984 1st Brigade, 403
Bunnermann, A., 650 23 rd Battery, 622
Burne, A. H., 1 Canadian Scottish Regiment
Burnett, C., 153 16th Battalion, 922
Burrows, A. R., 154 East Ontario Regiment
Burrows, John W., 155 2nd Battalion, 707
Burton, F. N., 156 1st Brigade, 247
Busemann, Wilhelm, 157 4th Battalion, 378
But This Is Our War, 233 1st Division
Butler, P. R., 158 7th Battalion, 844
Buxton, Andrew R., 159 10th Battalion, 251, 488
Caffrey, Kate, 160 15th Battalion, 246
Callwell, C. E., 162-64 48th Highlanders, 74
Caldwell, M. R., 161 Grenadier Guards 136
Cambridgeshires 1914 to 1919., The, 798 No. 1 General Hospital
Cameron, James, 166 Nova Scotia Regiment
Cameron, Kenneth, 167 25th Battalion, 613
Camon, Général, 168 Ontario Regiment, 931
Campagne de la Marne, La 566 Princess Patricia's Light Infantry,
Campaign of the Marne 1914, The 921 5, 483, 704, 794, 964
Campaign of 1914 in France & Belgium, Royal Highlanders
The, 747 13th Battalion, 321
Campaigns and History of the Royal Irish Royal Montreal Regiment, 136
Regiment. Vol.2: From 1900 to 1st Battalion, 320
1922, The, 367 Royal Regiment of Artillery,
Canada at War: A Record of Heroism and Ottawa, 517
Achievement, 1914-1918, 495 Royal Winnipeg Rifles, 902
Canada/ Canadians, 15, 23, 272, 381-82, Saskatchewan Regiment, 5th
394-95, 403, 428, 495, 503, 507, Battalion, 42
520, 539, 544-45, 690-92, 705, Seaforth Highlanders of Canada,
707-09, 743, 753, 772, 776, 787, 678
794, 799, 804-05, 844, 849, 855, 7th Battalion, 772
861, 885, 895-96, 902, 919, 922- 16th Battalion, 839
23, 931, 940, 950, 964, 973-74, 3rd Brigade, 321
983 13th Battalion, 646
Canada. Historical Section, Army 31st Battalion, 817
Headquarters, 169 Victoria Rifles
Canada in Flanders: The Official Story of 24th Battalion, 322
the Canadian Expeditionary Canadian Front in France and Flanders,
Force, 9 The, 849
Canada in Khaki, 170 Canadian Military Experience 1867-1983:
Canada in the Great War, 275 A Bibliography, The, 224
Canada's Sons and Great Britain in the "Canadian Soldier in the Great War: The
World War, 708 Experiences of Frank Maheux, A," 690
Canada's Triumph: From Amiens to Mons, Canadian War Pictorial, The, 171
520 Canadian War Records Office, 171-72
Canadian Airmen and the First World War: Canadians in France, 1915-1918, The, 885
The Official History of The Royal Cannon Fodder: An Infantryman's Life on
the Western Front, 269 Brigade, The, 970

Canonge, Gen., 173 Churchill, Winston S., 203, 661
"Capper and the Offensive Spirit," 859 Chute, Arthur H., 205
Capper, Thompson, 859 Clapham, H. S., 205
Carew, Tim, 174-76 Clark, Alan, 20, 206
Carnets de Galliéni, Le, 355 Clarke, David, 207
Carnock, Lord, 177 Clayton, C. P., 208
Carrothers, John Samuel, 178 Clayton, M. C, 798
Carrying On: After the First Hundred Clayton, P. B., 209
Thousand, 454 Clowes, Peter, 210
Carstairs, Carroll, 179 Coldstream Guards, 1914-1918, The, 814
Cartier, Raymond et Jean-Pierre, 180 Cole, Christopher, 212
Carver, Michael, 181 Coleman, Frederic, 213
Cary, A. D. L., 182 Colin, Gen., 214
Cary, G. V., 183 Collected Materials for the Study of the War,
Casey, Edward, 184 623
Cassar, George, 11, 15, 19-20, 22, 185-88 Collier, Basil, 215
Casualties and Medical Statistics of the Collier's Photographic History of the
Great War: Official Medical European War, Including
History of the War, 671 Sketches and Drawings Made on
"Casualties and Medical Statistics of the the Battle Fields, 216
British Forces During the World Collinson, C. S., 217
War," 602 Columban, Dame M., 218
Cavalerie Française dans la Guerre "Command and Control on the 'Great Retreat'
Mondiale, La, 364 of 1914: The Disintegration of the
Cave, Nigel, 189-91, 260 British Cavalry Division," 360
Champs de l'Ourcq: atmosphère, la bataille, "Command in Crisis: The British
en souvenir, Les, 815 Expeditionary Force and the
Channing-Renton, E. M., 192 Forest of Mormal, August 1914,"
Chapman, Guy, 195 361
Chapin, Harold, 193 Command in the Royal Naval Division: A
Chapman, John, 195 Military Biography of Brigadier
Charteris, John, 24, 196-98 General A. M. Asquith, DSO, 734
Chasseaud, Peter, 199 Command on the Western Front: The
Chell, R. A., 55 Military Career of Sir Henry
Chemical Soldiers: British Gas Warfare in Rawlinson, 1914-1918,, 767
World War I, 795 Commandement Unique, Le, 663
Chemical Warfare: A Study in Restraints, Committee of Officers Who Served with the
139 Battalion, 219
Chemical Warfare, 879 Comyns, A. P., 156
Cheshire Regiment or 22nd Regiment of Foot: Conduite de la Guerre jusqu'a la Bataille de
The First Battalion at Mons and la Marne, 423
the Miniature Colour, The, 858 Congreve, Billy, 220
Chevrillon, André, 200 Congreve, Walter Norris, 914
Chink: A Biography, 408 Congreve, William La Touche, 220, 914
Chisholm, Cecil, 201 Congreves: Father and Son, The, 914
Christie, N. M., 5, 202 Conneau, Général, 221
Christmas Truce: The Western Front Cook, Hugh C. B., 222
December 1914, 143 Cook, Tim, 15, 223
Chronicle of the First World War, 1914- Cooke, E. D. M. H., 15
1918, 406 Cooke, O. A., 224
Church in the Fighting Line with General Cooksley, Peter G., 225
Smith-Dorrien at the Front: Cooper, Alfred Duff, 226
Being the Experiences of a Coppard, George, 227
Chaplain in Charge of an Infantry Corbett-Smith, A., 228-29
Index 171
Corda, H., 230 deutsche Landkrieg, Der, 836

"Corps in the Making: The Canadian Deutsche Generalstab in Vorbereitung und
Expeditionary Force, 1914-1919, Durchfürung der Weltkrieg, Der,
A," 753 565
Corrigan, Gordon, 231 Deutsche Heerführung im Marnefeldzug,
Cowley, Robert, 232 1914, 69
Craig, Grace Morris, 233 Deutsche Kavallerie in Belgien und
Craig, Gordon, 500 Frankreich 1914, Die, 760
Craster, J. M., 234 deutsche Wehrmacht, 1914-1939, Die, 913
Creagh, O'Moore, 235 Deutschen Luftreitkräfte im Weltkriege, Die,
Cremers, Paul Joseph, 236 712
Crew, Graeme, 237 Deutschlands Heldenkampf, 1914-1918, 89
Croft, W. D., 238 Deutschland im ersten Krieg, 554
Crookenden, Arthur, 239 Deutschland und der Erste Weltkrieg, 546
Crosse, R. B., 240 Deutschlands Krieg in der Luft; ein
Cru, Jean Norton, 241 Rückblick auf die Entwichlung
"Crumps": The Plain Story of a Canadian und die Leistungen unserer Heers
Who Went, 539 Luffstreitkräfte im Weltkrieg, 485
Cruttwell, C. R. M. F., 242-43 deux batailles de la Marne, 5-11 septembre,
Cuneo, John R., 244 1914-15-18 juillet 1918, Les, 526
Cunliffe, Marcus, 245 Devenish, George, 264
Currie, Arthur, 23, 252, 507, 896, 923 Diack, Peter, 904
Curry, Frederick. C., 247 Diary of a World War I Cavalry Officer, The,
Currie, J. A., 246 494
Dahlmann, Reinhold, 248 "Diary of An R.E. Subaltern with the B.E.F.,
Dahms, R., 249 1914, The," 1013
D'Almeida, P. Camena, 250 Diary of Lieut. J. B. W. Pennyman, August 4th
Dancocks, Daniel G., 15, 251-3 to October 1st , 1914,. 744
Dane, Edmund, 254 Die-Hards in the Great War: A History of the
Daniell, D. S., 35, 255 Duke of Cambridge's Own
Dardanelles Campaign, 1915: (Middlesex Regiment), 1914-
Historiography and Annotated 1919, The, 1004
Bibliography, The, 927 Diex Aïx: The Guernseymen Who Marched
Davis, Emlyn, 257 Away, 1914-1918, 741
Davis, Joyce, 781 Disenchantment, 677
Davis, Richard Harding, 258 Distant Thunder: Canada's Citizen-Soldiers
De Lisle, Beauvoir, 262 on the Western Front, 544
De Groot, Gerald J., 260-61 Distinguished Service Order Awarded to
Dearden, Harold, 259 Members of the Canadian
Death of an Army: The First Battle of Ypres, Expeditionary Force and
3, 12, 311 Canadians in the Royal Naval Air
Death of a Generation: From Neuve Service, the Royal Flying Corps
Chapelle to Verdun and the and Royal Air Force, 1915-1920.,
Somme, The, 497 The, 799
Deductions from the World War, 347 Division de Fer, La, 214
"Demolitions Carried Out at Mons During the Division du Maroc aux Marais de Saint-
Retreat, 1914," 151 Gond (5-10 Septembre, 1914), La,
Despatches of Lord French: Mons, the 591
Marne, the Aisne, Flanders, Dixmude, Battle of, 552
Neuve Chapelle, the Second Dixon, Janet, 265
Battle of Ypres, Loos, Dixon, John, 15, 265-66
Hohenzollerin Redoubt, and a Dixon, Norman, 267
Complete List of the Officers and Dockrill, Michale, 786
Men Mentioned, The, 342 Doctrine and Dogma: German and British
Deutelmoser, Major, 263 Infantry Tactics in the First World
War, 825 Ehrenbuch der deutschen Feldartillerie, Das,

Documents Allemands sur la Bataille de la 85
Marne, 559 8th Battalion the Durham Light Infantry,
Dog Story of the Princess "Pats": Mopping 1793-1926, 928
Up! Through the Eyes of Bobbie Eighth Division in War, 1914-1918, 114
Burns, Regimental Mascot, A, 704 Einem, Karl von, 291
Doings of the 15th Infantry Brigade, August Elements of the Great War, The 84
1914 to March 1915, 386 11th Royal Warwicks in France 1915-16, The,
Dolbey, Robert V., 268 217
Dolden, A. Stuart, 269 Ellinwood, DeWitt C., 292
Donkeys, The, 206 Ellis, C., 293
Donovan, Tom, 270 Ellis, John, 294
Dorman-Smith, Eric, 408 Emden, Richard van, 295
Dornbush, C. H., 271 Emperor's Chambermaids: History of the
Douglas Haig, 862 14th/20th King's Hussars, 722
Douglas Haig as I Knew Him, 276 Empire at War, The, 604
Douglas Haig, 1861-1928, 261 England and the War, 1914-1915, 200
Douglas Haig: The Educated Soldier, 3, 906 English and Welsh Infantry Regiments: An
Dovey, Ed, 598-99 Illustrated Record of Service,
Dow, Gene, 272 1662-1994, 951
Doyle, Arthur Conan, 2, 73 Enser, A. G. S., 296
Drake-Brockman, D. H., 274 Entwicklung der Taktik im Weltkrieg, 48
drame de l'Yser: la surprise des gaz (avril, Epic Actions of the First World War, 401
1915), Le, 686 Erich von Falkenhayn, General der
Drew, G. A., 275 Infanterie. Eine Biographische
Drinker, Frederick E., 810 Studie, 1017
Ducan, G. S., 276 Erinnerungen an den Marnefeldzug 1914:
Duffour, Général, 277 mit einer einleitenden kritischen Studie, 551
Duguid, A. Fortescue, 278 Erinnerungen, Briefe, Dokumente, 675
Dungan, Myles, 279 Erinnerungen eines Soldaten, 1853-1933,
Dunn, J. C., 280 291
Dupont, Gen. C. J., 281 Erinnerungsblätter deutscher Regimenter.
Dupuy, Trevor N., 282, 437 Auszüge aus den Amtlichen
Duroselle, Jean-Baptiste, 283 Kriegtagebüchern, 785
Dusty Measure: A Record of Troubled Ernsthafte Plauderein über den Weltkrieg,
Times, 680 693
Duthie, W. S., 583 erste Weltkrieg, Der, 732
Dynamics of Doctrine: The Changes in Erste Weltkrieg, Der, 469
German Tactical Doctrines Esher, Reginald, Viscount, 297
During the First World War, The, Esposito, Vincent J., 882
607 Essenm, L. van der, 298
E.A.F., 284 Essex Regiment, 155
Eassie, R. M., 42 European Powers in the First World War:
East Yorkshire Regiment in the Great War, An Encyclopedia, The, 920
1914-1918, The, 1005 Evans, H. K. D., 299
Easton, John, 696 Evans, I. O., 714
Eastwood, Thomas Ralph, 285 Evans, M. St. H., 300
Eberhardt, Walter von, 286 Evans, Martin Manx, 301
Echoes From Hell: Letters From the Everyman at War; Sixty Personal Narratives
Western Front, 645 of the War, 771
Edmunds, J. E., 289 "Evolution of Intercommunication in France,
Edmonds, James, 287-88 1914-1918," 765
Effondrement du plan Allemand en Evolution of Victory: British Battles on the
septembre 1914, L', 168 Western Front, 1914-1918, The,
Egremont, Max, 290 10, 856
Index 173
Ewart, Wilfrid, 751 Fifth Battalion The Durham Light Infantry,

Ewing, John, 302-03 1914-1918, The, 773
"Experiences with the First Western Ontario Fifth Division in the Great War, The, 505
Regiment, Canadian Fifth Leicestershire, 1914-1918, The, 474
Expeditionary Force," 931 56e Division au Feu, La, 255
Experiences of a Dug-Out, 1914-1918, 162 Fire of Life, The, 63
Eye in the Air: History of Air Observation "Fire Over Mons," 210
and Reconnaissance for the Army, Fire-Power: British Army Weapons and
1785-1945, The, 660 Theories of War, 1904-1945, 95
Eye Deep in Hell: Trench Warfare in World First Air War: A Pictorial History 1914-
War I, 294 1919, The, 918
Falkenhayn, General Erich, 27-28, 304, 1017 1st and 2nd Battalions the Sherwood Foresters
Falls, Cyril, 305-08 (Nottingham and Derbyshire
Famous Generals of the Great War Who Led Regiment) in the Great War, The,
the United States and Her Allies 987
to a Glorious Victory, 530 1st Battalion the Faugh-A-Ballaghs in the
Far From a Donkey: The Life of General Sir Great War, The, 154
Ivor Maxse, 71 First Battle of the Marne, The, 26
Farewell, Leicester Square: The Old First Battle of Ypres, The, 175
Contemptibles 12 August-19 First Canadians in France; The Chronicle of
November 1914, 160 a Military Hospital in the War
Farndale, Martin, 309 Zone, 83
Farrar, Martin, 310 First Hundred Thousand Being the
Farrar-Hockley, Anthony H., 3, 12, 311-13 Unofficial Chronicle of a Unit of
Fatalist at War, A, 96 "K(I)", The, 455
Fateful Battle Line: The Great War Journals First Seven Divisions: Being a Detailed
and Sketches of Captain Henry Account of the Fighting from
Ogle, The, 391 Mons to Ypres, The, 434
Feilding, Rowland, 314 First World War: A Complete History, The,
Feldartillerie-Regiment Prinzregent Luitpold 381
von Bayern (Magdeburgisches) First World War: A Photographic History,
nr. 4, 822 The, 881
Fendrich, Anton, 315 First World War: An Eyewitness History,
Ferguson, Niall, 316 The, 551
Ferrar, M. L., 317 First World War and British Military
Ferris, John, 318 History, The, 107
Ferro, Marc, 319 First World War and the Birth of the Modern
Festubert, Battle of, 16, 2, 9, 100, 106, 257, Style of Warfare, The, 43
313, 320, 328, 333, 336, 363, 524, First World War: Germany and Austria-
537, 592, 609, 652, 662, 667, 672, Hungary, 1914-1918, The, 467
797, 812, 819, 884, 900, 922, 924, First World War, The, 809
932, 989 First World War, The, 499
Fetherstonhaugh, R. C., 320-22 First World War, The, 892
Field Marshal Earl Haig, 197 First World War, The, 547
Field Marshal Sir Henry Wilson: His Life First World War, The, 768
and Diaries, 163 First World War, The, 915
Fields of Death: Battle Scenes of the First First World War, 1914-1918, The , 789
World War, 867 First World War, 1914-1918, The, 907
Fields of Memory: A Testimony to the Great First World War. Vol. I: To Arms, The, 893
War, 821 First Ypres 1914: The Graveyard of the Old
Fifteen Rounds a Minute': The Grenadiers Contemptibles, 598
at War, August to December Fisher, John J., 323
1914, 234 Five Years in the Royal Flying Corps, 611
Fifteenth (Scottish) Division, The, 889 Fletcher, C. R. L., 324
Fifth Army, The, 399 Flying and Soldiering, 676
Flying Corps Headquarters, 1914-1918, 57 Fraser, David, 336

Foch à la Marne: La 9e Armée aux marais Fraser, Pamela, 914
de Saint-Gond (5-10 septembre Frauenholz, E. von, 337
1914), 929 French, Anthony, 338
Foch as Military Commander, 641 French Army, Units of
Foch, Ferdinand, 37, 181, 214, 504, 526, Armies
578, 581, 584, 591, 641, 663, 736, 5th, 8, 21, 39, 98, 513,
769, 781, 929, 943 653
Foch: Man of Orleans, 584 6th, 256
Foerster, Wolfgang, 325-26 9th, 98
Following the Drum, 329 Corps, Cavalry
For the Duration: The Story of the Thirteenth 1st , 582
Battalion the Rifle Brigade, 816 2nd, 117
For the Sake of Example: Capital Courts Divisions
Martial, 1914-1920, 41 42nd, 943
For Valour, 122 56th, 256
Forbes, A., 327 Moroccan
Forestier-Walker, George, 22 French, Gerald, 24, 343-46
Forged by Fire: The Battle Tactics and French, David, 339-40, 786
Soldiers of a WWI Battalion, The French, John, 2, 5, 7-17, 19-24, 16-17, 21,
7th Somerset Light Infantry, 685 28, 52-53, 78, 186, 188, 197, 201,
Forgotten Soldiers, 352 213, 243, 297, 313, 341-46, 359,
Former Officers of the Regiment, 328 484, 489, 504, 513, 530, 573, 584,
Fortescue, J. W., 329-30 588, 631, 635, 642, 663, 820,
"Fortnightly" History of the War, The, 706 870-72, 980
Forty Days in 1914, 653 French Replies to Haig, 343
48th Highlanders of Canada, 1891-1928, 74 Freytag-Lounghoven, Baron von, 347
47th(London)Division, 1914-1919, The, 651 From Chauffeur to Brigadier, 47
Foster, C. L., 583 From Mons to Loos: Being the Diary of a
Foster, H. C, 331 Supply Officer, 887
Foulkes, C. H., 332 From Mons to the First Battle of Ypres, 508
Four Years on the Western Front: Being the From Mons to Ypres with General French,
Experiences of a Ranker in the 213
London Rifle Brigade, 801 From Montreal to Vimy Ridge and Beyond,
Fourteen-Eighteen, 649 The Correspondence of Lieut.
Fourth Battalion (Duke of Connaught's Own) Clifford Almon Wells of the 8th
10th Baluch Regiment in the Great Battalion, Canadians, B.E.F.,
War, The, 910 November, 1915-April, 1917, 950
4th (Denbighshire) Battalion Royal Welsh From Otterpool to the Rhine With the 23rd
Fusiliers in the Great War, The, Battery, Canadian Field Artillery,
293 Via Caestre, St. Eloi, Ypres, The
th
4 (Queen's Own) Hussars in the Great War, Somme, Vimy, Hill 70, Cinnabar
The, 299 Trench, Passchendaele, Arras,
Fox, Frank, 333 Amiens, Cambria, Valenciennes,
"France and Belgium, 1914: Part II The Mons, 622
Battle of the Aisne and the Race From Private to Field Marshal, 807
to the Sea," 56 "From the Aisne to Ypres, 1914: Further
"France and Belgium, 1914: Part I The Incidents in the Story of the 59th
Opening Moves and the Battle of Field Company, R.E," 933
the Marne," 56 From the St. Lawrence to the Yser With the
France. Ministère de la Guerre. Etat-Major 1st Canadian Brigade, 247
de l'Armée. Service Historique, From Ypres to Cambrai: The 1914-1919
334 Diary of Infantryman Frank
Franchet D'Esprey, 39 Hawkins, 453
François, Hermann von, 335 Frothingham, Thomas G., 348
Index 175
Fryer, E. R. M., 349 Biography, 507

Fuller, J. F. C, 350, 786 Generalship, Its Diseases and Their Cure,
Fusilier-Regiment Prinz Heinrich von 350, 786
Preussen (Brandenburgisches) Generalstabler, Einem, 366
No. 35 im Weltkrieg, Das, 784 Generation Is Missing, A, 179
Fyfe, Albert J., 351 Genèse de la Bataille de la Marne, La, 579
G. H. Q. (Montreuil-sur-Mer), 424 Geoghegan, Stannus, 367
G. S. 0., 424 Geographical Section Report on Survey on
Gaffen, Fred, 352 the Western Front, 1914-1918,
Gale, Richard, 353 412
Galet, E. J., 354 "Geographical and Survey Work in France,
Gallant Canadians: The Story of the Tenth Especially in connection with
Canadian Infantry Battalion, Artillery, "971
1914-1919, 251 Germains, Victor Wallace, 368
Galliéni, Joseph Simon, 355-56 German Air Force in the Great War, The,
Galloper at Ypres and Some Subsequent 712
Adventures, A, 158 German Army, Units of
Gambardier: Giving Some Account of the Air Force, 712, 286, 485, 913
Heavy and Siege Artillery in Armies
France, 1914-1918, The, 847 1st, 556, 558, 566, 784,
GambierF., 357 886, 984
Gamelin, General M., 358 2nd, 98, 365, 563
Gardner, John J., 613 3rd, 98
Gardner, Nikolas, 3, 7, 360-62 Divisions
Gardner, Brian, 359 6th, 784
Gas, 487 7th, Reserve, 972
Gas and Flame, 38 26th, Reserve, 561
Gas Attack at Ypres: A Study in Military 27th, 561
th
History, The, 445 54 Reserve Division
Gas Attack! Chemical Warfare 1915-18 and 54th Wuttemberg Reserve field
Afterwards, 683 Artillery, 555
Gas Attack!: The Canadians at Ypres, 1915, Infantry Regiment No. 77, 947
202 Medical Services, 561
Gas in the Next War, 916 Prince Friedrich Infantry
Gas, Poison, 1, 15-18, 38, 86, 125, 139, 157, Netherland Regiment
189, 194, 223, 251, 320, 332, 389, (2ndWestphalian), 800
429, 437, 444, 487, 555, 557, 577, Royal Saxon Infantry Regiment
632, 683, 686, 709, 719, 737, 788, No.133, 717
795, 800, 822, 879, 916, 947, 962, Saxon Reserve Fusilier Battalion
982 No. 13, 541
Gas! The Battle for Ypres, 1915, 632 3rd Oberelsässich Field Artillery
"Gas"! The Story of the Special Brigade, 332 Regiment No. 80, 650
Gavaghan, Michael, 353 35th Fusilier Regiment of Prince
Gazin, F., 364 Heinrich of Prussia,
Gebsattel, Gen. von, 365 784
Gegen Frankreich und Albion, 315 12th Brandenburg Grenadiers, 103
Generalfeldmarschall Karl von Billow, 365 28th Wurttemberger Reserve
General Foch at the Marne: An Account of Regiment, No. 248,
the fighting in and Near the 788
Marshes of Saint-Gond, 578 245lh Reserve Regiment, 564
General Headquarters, 1914-1916, and Its 231th Reserve Regiment, 557
Critical Decisions, 304 German Cavalry 1914 in Belgium and
GeneralJack'sDiary, 1914-1918, 516 France, The, 760
Général Maistre, 115 German General Staff, 369
General Sir Arthur Currie: A Military German High Command at War: Hindenburg
and Ludendorff Conduct World Gough, Hubert, 8, 24, 312, 359, 399-400,
War I, The, 27 521, 742
German high command, 27, 281, 304, 325, Goughie: The Life of General Sir Hubert
366, 565, 675 Gough, 312
German Students' War Letters, 975 Gould, R. W., 401
Germany in Defeat: A Strategic History of Graf Schlieffen und der Weltkrieg, 326
the War--First Phase, 874 Graham, Dominick, 95
Germany. Reichsarchiv, 370-74 Graham, Henry, 402
Geschichte des Grössen Krieges, 1914-1918, Granatstein, J. L., 692
Zur 20 Grande Guerre des Français: Le
Geschichte des Krieges, 886 Incompréhensible, Le, 283
Geschichte des Reserve Infanterie Regiments Grande Guerre, 1914-1918, La, 911
245 im Weltkrieg, 1914-1918, Grande Guerre, La, 915
Die, 564 Grande Guerre sur le front occidental, La,
Geschichte des 3 Oberelsässich 735
Feldartillerie-Regiments Nr. 80, grandes Étapes de la Victorie 1914-1918,
650 Les, 976
Gibb, H., 375 Grant, Reginald, 403
Gibbs, Philip, 376 Grant, W., 404
Gibson, George Herbert Rae, 772 Graves, Robert, 17, 405
Gibson, Mary, 377 Gray, Randal, 406
Gibson, W. L., 378 Grazebrook, R. M., 407
Gilbert, Adrian, 379 Greacen, Lavinia, 408
Gilbert, Felix, 500 Great Battles of the World on Land, Sea &
Gilbert, Martin, 308-81 Air, 1014
Giles, John, 382 Great Battles of World War I, 593
Gillespie, A. D., 383 Great Britain and the War 1914-1918, 980
Gillon, Stair, 384 Great Britain. General Staff Studies, 409-10
Giraud, Victor, 385 Great Britain. War Office, 411-13
Givenchy, Battle of, 3, 30, 257, 432, 481, Great Push, The, 620
592, 662, 778, 840, 981 Great War and the R.A.M.C., The, 127
Gleichen, Edward (Lord), 386 Great War as I Saw It, 839
Gleichen-Russwurm, Heinrich von, 387 Great War Generals on the Western Front,
Gliddon, Gerald, 388 The, 710
Glogowski, Ernst, 389 Great War: I Was There!, The 439
Glorious Glosters, The, 174 Great War in 1914, The, 846
Gloucestershire Regiment in the War, 1914- Great War in the Air: Military Aviation from
1918, The, 1006 1909 to 1921, The, 689
Gloucestershire Regiment: War Narratives, Great War in the Air, The, 668
1914-1915, The, 407 Great War, 1914-1918, The, 319
Glover, Michael, 390-92 Great War, 1914-1918, The, 324
Going Across or With the 9th Welch in the Great War of 1914-1918, The, 29
Butterfly Division: Being Great War, The, 306
Extracts from the War Letters and Green Howards in the Great War, 1914-
Diary of M. St. Helier Evans, 300 1919, The, 988
Gone for a Soldier, 338 Green Howards, The, 762
Goodbye to All That, 17, 405 Green, Horace, 414
Goodinge, Anthony, 393 Green, Howard, 415
Goodspeed, D. J., 394-95 Greenhut, Jeffrey, 416-17
Gordon, George Stuart, 396 Greenwell, Graham, 418
Gordon Highlanders in the First World War Gregory, E. C., 905
1914-1919, The, 305 Grenadier-Regiment Prinz Karl von
Gordon-Smith, Gordon, 760 Preussen (2 Brandenburgishes)
Görlitz, Walter, 397 Nr. 12, Das, 834
Goschen, A. A., 398 Grenadier Guards in the Great War of 1914-
Index 177
1919, The, 759 Hanbury-Sparrow, A. A., 440

Grey, W. E., 419 Handbuch zur deulschen Militärgeschichte,
Grierson, James, 5 669
Grimshaw, R. W. W. "Roly," 932 Hankey, Donald, 441
Groom, Winston, 12, 420 Hankey Man of Secrets, 813
Gros, Gaston, 421 Hanotaux, Gabriel, 8, 442-43
grosse krieg aus der Froschperspektive, Die, Hanslian, Rudolph, 444
249 Hare, Steuart, 445
Grosse Krieg im Feld und Heimat, 67 Harper, George, 7
Grosser Bilderatlas des Weltkrieges, 422 Harrington, Charles, 446
Grouard, Lieut.-Colonel, 423 Harris, Henry, 446
Grove, Lilly M., 633 Harrison-Ainsworth, E. D., 448
Gudmundsson, Bruce I., 425-26 Hart, H. Eaton, 104
Guerre de Libération, 1914-1918, La, 1016 Hart, Peter, 884
Guerre de 1914-1918: les operations Hartcup, Guy, 449
militarires, La, 560 Harvey, Basil, 450
Guerre Mondiale, 1914-18, La, 230 Haunting Years: The Commentaries of a
Guide to the Military History of the World War Territorial, 12
War, 1914-1918, A, 348 Hausen, General Freiherr von, 451
Guide to the Sources of British Military Haul Commandement allemand en 1914, Le,
History, A, 471 281
Guide to the Western Front: A Companion Hawke Battalion: Some Personal Records of
for Travellers, A, 711 Four Years, 1914-1918, The, 523
Gunners at War: A Tactical Study of the Hawker, Tyrrel Mann, 452
Royal Artillery in the Twentieth Hawker V.C.: The Biography of the Late
Century, 94 Lanoe George Hawker, 452
Gurdon, J. E., 712 Hawkins, Frank, 453
Gurney, Russell, 427 Hay, Ian, 454-55
Guth, Karl, 650 Hayes, Grace P., 457
Gutsche, Willilbald, 554 Hayes, Carlton J. H., 456
Gwyn, Sandra, 428 Haythornthwaite, Philip J., 458-59
Haacke, Ulrich, 832 Hazy Red Hell: Fighting Experiences on the
Haber, L. F., 429 Western Front, 1914-1918, 269
Haig, 198 Headlam, Cuthbert, 460
Haig, 226 Heaton, Frank, 461
Haig: A Reappraisal 70 Years On, 79 Helfferich, Karl, 462
"Haig and French," 79 Helmut Schnitter, 732
Haig and the Historians," 120 Henniker, A. M., 463
Haig as Military Commander, 642 Henriques, J. Q., 464
Haig, Douglas, 2, 5, 12-14, 16-20, 22-24, 17, Hentsch, Richard, 289, 563, 566, 606, 701,
28, 80, 101, 112, 120, 181, 196- 943
98, 226, 260-61, 276, 288, 343, Herbert, Aubrey N. H., 465
359, 521, 587-88, 642, 663, 749, Herman, Gerald, 466
786, 845, 853, 862, 872, 906, Herwig, Holger, H., 467-68
1018 Herzfeld, Hans, 469
Haking, R. C. B., 17 Hesse, Anton Y., 760
Haldane, M. M., 432 Heyman, Neil M., 468, 470
Haldane, Aylmer, 430-31 High Command in the World War, 770
Hall, Hubert, 333 Higham, Robin, 471
Hamilton, Ernest, 2, 434 Hildenbrandt, Fred, 472
Hamilton, Nigel, 435 Hilditch, A., 473
Hamilton, Ralph G. A. (Master of Belhaven), Hill 60, Battle of, 189, 384, 505, 540, 850
436 Hill 60: Ypres, 189
Hammerton, Gay M., 437 Hills, J. D., 474
Hammerton, J. A., 438-39 Hills, R. J. T., 475-77
Hillson, Norman, 478 years of the Great War From

Hilltop on the Marne, A, 10 August 1914 to December 1917,
Histoire de la Grande Guerre, 385 323
Histoire de la Grand Guerre, 600 History of the East Lancashire Regiment in
Histoire de la grande guerre, 1914-1918, 779 the Great War 1914-1918,, 782
Histoire de la Guerre Mondiale, 277 History of the East Lancashire Regiment in
Histoire de la Première Guerre Mondiale, the Great War, 1914-1918, 717
357 History of the 15th King's Hussars, 1914-
Histoire Illustrée de la Guerre de 1914, 443 1922, The, 177
Historical Atlas of World War I, The, 594 History of the 1st and 2nd Battalions The
"Historical Literature on Canada's Leicestershire Regiment in the
Participation in the Great War," Great War, 989
545 History of the 1st and 2nd Battalions the North
Historical Record of the 4th Battalion 16th Staffordshire Regiment (The
Punjab Regiment, 672 Prince of Wales') 1914-1923, 480
Historical Records of the Buffs East Kent History of the 1st D.C.L.I., 1914, 192
regiment (3rd Foot) Formerly History of the 1/4 Battalion, Duke of
Designated the Holland Regiment Wellington's (West Riding)
and Prince George of Denmark's Regiment, 1914-1919, The, 51
Regiment, 1914-1919, 681 History of the First Seven Battalions, the
Historical Section (Military Branch) Royal Irish Rifles (Now the Royal
Committee of Imperial Defense, Ulster Rifles) in the Great War,
479 The, 307
Historique des corps de cavalerie History of the Fourth Battalion the Seaforth
commandés par le général Highlanders With Some Account
Conneau du 14 août 1914 au 2 of the Military Annals of Ross the
mars 1917, 221 Fencibles the Volunteers and of
Historique du Corps de Cavalerie Sordet, the Home Defense and Reserve
116 Battalions, 1914-1919, The, 432
Historique du 2e. Corps de Cavalerie du ler. History of the Great War, A, 272
octobre 1914 au ler. janvier History of the Great War, A, 242
1919, 117 History of the Great War: A Comprehensive
History and Records of Queen Victoria's and Authentic History of the War
Rifles, 1792-1922, The, 540 by Land Sea, and Air, 810
History and War Records of the Surrey History of the Great War Based on Official
Yeomanry (Queen Mary's Regt.), Documents: The War in the Air,
1797-1928, The, 448 774
History of British Cavalry: The Western History of the Guards Division in the Great
Front, 1915-18, 13 War, 1915-1918, 460
History of King Edward's Horse, The, 522 History of the Irish Soldier, A, 126
History of the Black Watch in the Great War, History of the King's Own Yorkshire Light
1914-1918, A 944 Infantry, 990
History of the Cameronians (Scottish Rifles), History of the King's Own Yorkshire Light
The, 531 Infantry in the Great War, 110
History of the Cheshire Regiment in the History of the King's Regiment (Liverpool),
Great War, The, 239 1914-1919, The, 1008
History of the Dorsetshire Regiment, 1914- History of the King's Shropshire Light
1919, 783 Infantry in the Great War, 1914-
History of the Duke of Cornwall's Light 1918, The, 979
Infantry, 1914-1919, The, 1007 History of the Lancashire Fusiliers, The, 574
History of the Duke of Wellington's History of the Lincolnshire Regiment, 1914-
Regiment, 1881-1923, 146 1918, The, 857
History of the Duke of Wellington's West History of the London Rifle Brigade, 1859-
Riding Regiment (The Iron Duke's 1919, The, 654
Own) During the First Three History of the Manchester Regiment, 991
Index 179
History of the 19th Division, The, 1009 (Prince Albert's), 1914-1919, The,
History of the 9th (Scottish) Division, 1914- 1011
1918, The, 302 History of the South Staffordshire Regiment,
History of the Norfolk Regiment, 1685-1919, 924
The, 750 History of the South Wales Borderers, 1914-
History of the Northamptonshire Regiment, 1918, The, 32
1742-1934, 427 History of the Suffolk Regiment, 1914-1927,
History of No 1 General Hospital Canadian The, 705
Expeditionary Force, 1914-1919, History of the Thirty-First Battalion C. E. F.,
167 From Its Organization, November
History of the Ordnance Services, A, 327 1914, to Its Demobilization, June
History of the Prince of Wales' Own Civil 1919, With Nominal Roll and
Service Rifles, The, 481 Information as to All Members of
History of the Queen's Bays (2nd Dragoon the Unit, 861
Guards), A, 959 History of the Thirty-Third Foot, Duke of
History of the Queen's Royal Regiment, 992 Wellington's (West Riding)
History of the Royal Dragoons, 1661-1934, Regiment, 576
31. "History of the 12th Company Royal
History of the Royal Regiment of Artillery: Engineers," 161
The Western Front 1914-18, The, History of the 12th (Eastern) Division in the
309 Great War, 1914-1918, 838
History of the Royal Regiment of Wales History of the XII Royal Lancers (Prince of
(24/41st Foot) 1689-1989, A, 129 Wales's), 890
History of the Royal Scots Fusiliers (1679- History of the Twentieth (Light) Division,
1918), The, 148 The, 512
History of the 2nd Battalion The History of the Welch Regiment, The, 956
Monmouthshire Regiment,A, 130 History of the Welsh Guards, 936
History of the 2nd Canadian Battalion (East History of the World War, 90
Ontario Regiment) Canadian History of the World War, 855
Expeditionary Force in the Great History of the World War, A, 586
War, 1914-1919, The, 707 History of the World War: An Authentic
History of the Second Division, 1914-1918, Narrative of the World's Greatest
The, 1010 War, 637
History of the 2nd King Edward VII's Own Hitchcock, F. C., 482
Gurkha Rifles (The Sirmoor Hodder-Williams, Ralph, 483
Rifles), 848 Hodges, Arthur, 484
History of the 17th Lancers, 1895-1924. A, Hoeppner, Ernst von, 485
667 Hogg, Ian, 486-87
History of the 17th (Northern) Division, 36 "Holding the Line", 50
"History of the 7th Field Company, R.E. Holland, J. A., 488
During the War 1914-1918," 46 Hollier, H. M. , 44
History of the Seventh South Staffordshire Holmes, Richard, 10-11, 19, 22, 489-91, 852
Regiment, The, 24 Holt, Tonie and Valmai, 492-93
History of the Sikh Pioneers (23rd, 32nd, and Home, Archibald, 494
34th), 625 Hommes de la Grande Guerre: Histoires
History of the 16th Battalion (The Canadian vraies, Les, 670
Scottish) Canadian Expeditionary Hommes et des faits, Des, 634
Force in the Great War, 1914- Honourable Artillery Company in the Great
1919, The, 222 War, 1914-1919, The, 934
History of the Sixteenth , the Queen's, Light Hooge, 88, 191, 419, 480, 524, 987, 989
Dragoons (Lancers), 1912 to Hopkins, J. Castell, 495
1925, 402 Hopkinson, E. C., 496
History of the Sixth Battalion, West Horne, Alistair, 497
Yorkshire Regiment, 905 Horne, Charles F., 498
History of the Somerset Light Infantry Howard, Michael, 499-500
Howe, Jerome W., 760 Niederlande (2 Westfälisches) Nr.

Howland, C. R., 501 15 im Weltkriege 1914-18, 800
Huguet, Général, 8, 502 Ingalls, Donald E., 511
Humphris, E.M., 235 Inglefield, V. E., 512
Hungry One, The, 208 Inman, D. S., 505
Hunt, M. S., 503 Intervention Militaire Britannique en 1914,
Hunter, T. M., 504 L', 502
Hussey, A. H., 505 Into Battle: A Seventeen-Year-Old Joins
Hutchinson, Graham Seton, 506 Kitchener's Army, 339
Hyatt, A. M. J., 507 Invasion and the War in Belgium From Liége
Hyndson, J. G. W., 508 to the Yser, The, 298
Ich Dien" The Prince of Wales' Volunteers, Invasion & the War in Belgium From Liege
1914-1934, 954 to the Yser, With a Sketch of the
Illustrated Companion to the First World Diplomatic Negotiations
War, An, 145 Preceding the Conflict, The, 926
Illustrated History of the First World War, "Invicta": With the First Battalion the
903 Queen's Own Royal West Kent
Illustrated Pocket Guide to the Battles of Regiment in the Great War, 674
Neuve Chapelle, Aubers Ridge, Irish at the Front, The, 612
Festubert, 1915, An, 353 Irish Guards in the Great War, The, 550
Impact of the Introduction of Lethal Gas on Irish Nuns at Ypres, The, 218
the Combat Performance of Irish Voices From the Great War, 279
Defending Troops, 437 Isaac, Jules, 513
Immortal Salient: An Historical Record and Isselin, Henri, 514
Complete Guide for Pilgrims to Ivelaw-Chapman, John, 515
Ypres, The, 132 Jack, J. L., 516
"Imperial Reserve: The Indian Corps on the Jackets of Green: A Study of the History,
Western Front, The," 416 Philosophy, and Character of the
Imperial Reserve: The Indian Infantry on the Rifle Brigade, 147
Western Front, 1914-1918, 416 Jackson, H. M., 517
Imperial War Museum Book of the Western Jackson, W. G. F., 518
Front, The, 141 James, Fred, 520
Imperial Warrior: The Life and Times of James, E. A., 519
Field-Marshal Viscount Allenby, James, Lawrence, 521
1861-1936, 521 James, Lionel, 522
In Flanders Fields, 627 Jeffreys, George Darell, 234
In Spile of All Rejoicing: A Soldier's Diary Jerrold, Douglas, 523
of the Great War, 509 Jervis, H. S., 524
In the Firing Line: Stories of the War by Joachim, Theodor, 525
Land and Sea, 6 Joffre, 780
"Incidents of the Great War: No. 3 Two Joffre et la Marne, 700
Minor Operations: The 6th Joffre et Lanrezac: etude critique des
Battalion the Gloucester Regiment témoignages sur le rôle de la 5e
in Front of Hébuterne, November, Armée (Août 1914), 513
1915, and the 17th H. L. I. Joffre, Joseph, 13, 16, 26, 181, 421, 513,
Southwest of Thiepval, April 526-27, 530, 547, 700, 770, 780,
1916, April 1916," 510 855, 866
India and World War I, 292 Johnnie Gough, V. C.: A Biography of
Indian Cavalry Officer, 1914-1915, 932 Brigadier-General Sir John
Indian Corps in France, The, 662 Edmond Gough, V. C., K. C. B.,
Indian Voices of the Great War: Soldiers' 80
Letters 1914-1918, 726 Johnson, C. Curtiss, 437
Infant in Arms: War Letters of a Company Johnson, Douglas Wilson, 528-29
Officer 1914-1918, An, 418 Johnston, Charles, 530
Infanterie-Regiment Prinz Friedrich der Johnston, Samuel, 531
Index 181
Johnstone, Tom, 532 368, 484, 635, 820

Jones, H. A., 774 Kitchener: Organizer of Victory, 81
Jones, I., 533 Kitchener: Portrait of an Imperialist, 635
Jones, Nigel, 534 Kitchener's Army, 1914-1918, 953
Journal of Private Fraser, 1914-1918: Kitchener's War: British Strategy from 1914-
Canadian Expeditionary Force, 1916, 187
The, 817 Klein, Fritz, 554
Judgement of History: Sir Horace Smith- Klotz, Emil, 555
Dorrien, Lord French, and 1914, Kluck, Alexander von, 8, 61, 67, 103, 556,
The, 78 566, 855, 886
k.b. Reserve-Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 21, Knieling, Lutz, 557
Das, 125 Koeltz, Louis, 558-60
K.O.S.B. in the Great War, The, 384 Koenig, W. J., 659
Kabisch, Ernst, 535 Koetzle, Hermann, 561
Kaiser and His Court: The Diaries, Note Kolbe, Walther von, 562
Books, and Letters of Admiral Königlich-Sächsische Infanterie-Regiment
Georg Alexander von Müller Nr. 133 im Weltkrieg, Das, 719
Chief of the Naval Cabinet, The, Köppen, Hans, 563
397 Krämer, Max, 564
Kann, Réginald, 536 Kriegsbriefe gefallener Studenten, 975
Kearney, A., 537-38 Krisis in der Marneschlacht; Kämpfe der II
Keene, Louis, 539 und III deutschen Armee gegen
Keeson, C. A. Cuthbert, 540 die 5 und 9 französische Armee
Keil, Hermann, 541 am Petit Morin und in den Marais
Keith-Falconer, Adrian, 542 de St. Gond, 98
Kennedy, E. J., 543 Kritik des Weltkrieges: Das Erbe Moltkes
Kennedy, Joyce M., 544 und Schlieffens im Grossen
"Kensingtons" 13th London Regiment, The, 44 Kriege, 366
Kerr, Wilfred Brenton, 545 Kuhl, Herman von, 565-67
kgl. sächs. 6 Infanterie-regiment Nr. 105 Kürzer strategischer Überblick über den
"König Wilhelm II von Weltkrieg, 694
Wüttemberg, Das," 389 La Bassée, Battle of, 115, 117, 192, 239, 268,
Kieffer, Martin, 915 274, 750, 754, 840, 942, 989
Kielmansegg, Peter Graf, 546 Laffin, John, 568-71
Killing Ground: The British Army, the Laing, N. D., 299
Western Front, and the Land-Locked Lake, The, 440
Emergence of Modern Warfare, Landwehr-Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 77.
1900-1918, The, 917 Auszüge aus den amtlichen
King, Jere Clemons, 547 Kriegstagebüchern mit Beiträgen
King, W. C., 548 von Mitkämpfern, Das, 947
King's Complete History of the World War, Langley, M., 572
548 Lanrezac, Charles, 8, 21, 513, 573
King's Royal Rifle Corps The, 978 Larned, J. Howley, 485
Kingsford, Charles Lethbridge, 549 Last Changes Last Chances, 713
Kipling, Rudyard, 550 Latter, J. C., 574
Kirchberger, Joe H., 551 Laurent, André, 575
Kircheisen, Friedrich Max, 552 Lawford, J. P., 313
Kirke, R. M. St. G., 553 Le Cateau, Battle of, 2, 9-10, 21-22, 24, 47,
Kitchener, 53 77, 82, 88, 94, 103, 135, 154, 192,
Kitchener: Architect of Victory, 186 239, 245, 268, 299, 333, 384, 386,
Kitchener Enigma, The, 820 411, 435, 505, 549, 574, 581-82,
Kitchener-French Debate: A Last Word, The 588, 605, 679, 684, 744, 750, 758,
344 793, 870, 872, 930, 946, 957, 962,
Kitchener, Herbert Horatio, 11, 19-24, 16, 972, 976, 991, 1011
18, 53, 81, 186-87, 297, 329, 344, Le Goffic, Charles, 578
Leadership in Battle, 1914-1918, 872 Log of a Noncombatant, The, 414

Leading Pictorial Souvenir of the Great War, Lomas, David, 7, 598-99
Depicting Especially the Part Lomont, A., 600
Played by Canada and the London Scottish, The, 592
Canadians, The, 60 Loos, Battle of, 2, 16-17, 23, 15, 36, 58, 88,
Leaves from a Field Note-Book, 688 101, 106, 115, 167, 179, 195, 206,
Lee, Albert, 576 208, 227, 239, 269, 274, 284, 293,
Lefebure, Victor, 577 314, 328, 332, 343, 384, 405, 424,
"Legend of the Marne, 1914, A," 943 429, 432, 460, 487, 512, 537, 577,
Lehautcourt, Pierre, 423, 735-36 588, 592, 620, 624, 651, 676, 696,
Leinveber, Adolf, 580 699, 718, 737, 793, 814, 826, 838,
Lessons of Allied Co-operation: Naval, 872, 888-89, 900, 938-39, 945,
Military and Air 1914-1918, 655 957, 968, 980, 987, 989, 992, 995,
Lestien, G. , 581 1009, 1011
Letard, E. , 582 Lord Haig, 17
Letters From Flanders, 383 Lord Kitchener, 484
Letters from the Front: Being a Record of Lossberg, Fritz, 601
the Part Played by Officers of the Lost Dictator: A Biography of Field
Bank in the Great War, 1914- Marshall Sir Henry Wilson, The,
1919. , 583 22
Letters From the Front, 1914-1918. , 568 Lost Generation of 1914, The, 761
Letters of Agar Adamson 1914 to 1919, Love, A. G., 602
Lieutenant Colonel, Princess Lowther, Cecil, 751
Patricia's Canadian Light Loyal North Lancashire Regiment, 993
Infantry, 5 Loyal Regiment (North Lancashire): The
Liaison 1914, 8, 18, 877 47th and 81st Regiments of Foot,
Liddell Hart, Basil H., 2, 12, 21, 23, 584-88 The, 572
Liddle, Peter H., 589-90 Luard, K. E. 603
Liège à l'Yser: mon journal de campagne, Lucas, Charles, 604
De, 960 Lucy, John, 605
Life Guards, The, 475 Ludendorff, Eric, 526, 606, 740
Life of Field Marshal Sir John French, Earl Luftkrieg, Der, 803
French of Ypres, The, 345 "Luftwaffe vor und im Weltkriege," 913
Life of General Sir Charles Carmichael Lupfer, Timothy T., 607
Monro, The, 64 Lyons, Michael J., 608
Life of Lord Kitchener, 16 Lyttelton, Oliver (Viscount Chandos), 609
Life of Sir Stanley Maude, The, 164 MacDonagh, Michael, 612
Ligny, Hurault de, 591 MacDonald, F.B., 613
Lindsay, J. H., 592 Macdonald, Lyn, 614-17
Lionel Sotheby's Great War: Diaries and Macdonogh, George, 7
Letters from the Western Front, MacFall, Haldane, 874
796 MacGill, Patrick, 620
List of Officers and Other Ranks of the Rifle Mackenzie, C. J., 621
Brigade Awarded Decorations or Macmillan, Harold, 624
Mentioned in Despatches During MacMullen, H. T., 717
the Great War, 285 MacMunn, George, 625
Little Black Devils: A History of the Royal MacNaughtan, S., 626
Winnipeg Rifles, 902 MacPhail, Andrew, 627-28
Little Field Marshall: Sir John French, The, Macready, Nevil, 631
19, 489 Madelin, Louis, 633
Liverpool Scottish, 1900-1919, The, 619 Magnificent But Not War: The Second Battle
Livesey, Anthony, 593-94 of Ypres, 15, 266
Lloyd, Alan, 595 Magnus, Philip, 22, 635
Lloyd George, David , 597 Major and Mrs. Holt's Battlefield Guide to
Lloyd, R. A., 596 the Ypres Salient, 493
Index 183
"Major-General J. F. C. Fuller and the Marsch auf Paris und die Marneschlacht
Decline of Generalship: The 1914, Der, 556
Lessons of 1914-18," 786 Marshal Ferdinand Foch: His Life and His
Man Who Disobeyed: Sir Horace Smith- Theory of Modern War, 37
Dorrien and his Enemies, The, Marshal Foch: A Study in Leadership, 504
871 Marshal Foch: His Life, His Work, His
Mangin, Général, 634 Faith, 769
Mann, Michael, 636 Marshal Foch: His Own Words on Many
Manoeuvre et Victoire de la Marne, 358 Subjects, 781
Maple Leaves in Flanders Fields, 772 Marshall, S. L. A., 640
March, Francis A., 637 Marshall-Cornwall, James, 641-42
March on Paris and the Battle of the Marne, Martin, A. G., 644
1914, The, 556 Martin, Arthur Anderson, 643
Marchand, Ernest, 241 Martin, George and Wally, 645
Marching to Armageddon: Canadians and Martin, Stuart, 646
the Great War 1914-1919, 692 Marx, Lieut-General, 647
Marden, T. O., 638 Masefield, John, 648
Marden, Thomas O., 956 "Massacre of the Innocents," 232
Marling, Percival, 639 Masters, John, 649
Marne à la mer du Nord (10 septembre-15 Mathies, Otto, 650
novembre 1914), De la, 102 Matson, Christopher, 65
Marne--and After, The, 228 Maubeuge-Aisne-Verdun, 1018
Marne Battle and Tannenberg, 335 Maude, Alan H., 651
Marne, Battle of, 2, 10, 22, 7, 26-28, 37, 40, Maunoy, General Michael-Joseph, 256
69, 82, 84, 98, 102, 104, 106, 118, Maurice, Frederick, 653-57
144, 153, 168, 173, 192, 221, 228, Maxwell, Frank, 658
236, 245, 247, 249, 297, 299, 315, Mayer, S.L., 659
333, 335, 337, 342, 347, 355, 357, McBride, Herbert W., 610
367, 373, 384, 410, 423, 442-43, McCance, Stouppe, 182
451, 479, 505, 514, 524-26, 529, McCrae, John, 627
535, 547, 558-59, 562-63, 575, McCudden, James Thomas Byford, 611
578-79, 581, 591, 630, 633-34, McEntee, Girard Lindsley, 618
643-44, 647, 665, 670, 694, 700- McGilchrist, A. M., 619
02, 722, 748, 750, 758, 770, 830, McKeown, J. D., 622
832-33, 855, 874, 899, 901, 921, McKinley, Albert E., 623
924, 929, 937, 957, 962, 976, McNaughton, 895
1014 McNaughton, Andrew G. L., 620
Marne Campaign, The, 957 McPherson, William L., 629-30
Marne-Deutschlands Schicksal?, Die, 647 McWilliams, James L., 632
Marne-Drama. Der Fall Moltke-Hentsch, Mead, Peter, 660
Das, 606 "Meaning of Attrition 1914-1916," "The, 340
Marne-Feldzug 1914, Der, 961 Medicine and Duty: A War Diary, 259
Marne, La, 104 Medico's Luck in the War Being
Marne, The, 104 Reminiscences of R.A.M.C. Work
Marnefeldzug, Der, 566 with the 51st (Highland) Division,
Marneschlacht, Die, 562 A, 812
Marneschlacht eine deutsche Tragödie, Die, Mein Bericht zur Marneschlacht, 152
236 Mein Kriegstagebuch, 823
Marneschlacht 1914, Die, 899 Meine Tätigkeit im Weltkrieg, 1914-1918,
Marneschlacht, 1914: Eine Deutsche 601
Tragödie, Die, 535 Memoir of Lieut.-Colonel E. A. Steel, A, 883
Marneschlacht und Tannenberg: Mémoires du Général Galliéni, 355
Betrachtungen zur deutschen Memoirs of a Young Lieutenant, 1898-1917,
Kriegsführung der ersten sechs 178
Kriegswochen, 335 Memoirs of Captain Liddell Hart, The, 585
Memoirs of the 18th (Queen Mary's Own) 408, 434, 465, 508, 573, 580, 582,
Royal Hussars, 1906-1922, The, 599, 715, 718, 722-23, 744, 750,
153 758, 855, 858, 872, 878, 888, 908,
Memoirs of Field-Marshal the Viscount 924, 930, 942, 946, 957, 962, 976,
Montgomery of Alamein, The, 679 995
Memoirs of Lord Chandos, The, 609 Mons 1914: The B.E.F. 's Tactical Triumph,
Memoirs of Marshal Joffre, 527 7, 599
Memoirs of Raymond Poincaré, The, 755 Mons, Retreat from, 9-10, 20, 75, 82, 103,
Memories of Forty-Eight Years Service, 870 106, 116, 151, 229, 361, 364,
"Men Against Fire: The Doctrine of the 386-87, 396, 438, 490, 505, 524,
Offensive in 1914," 500 574, 653, 815, 819, 1011
Menzel, E., 661 Mons Star: The British Expeditionary Force
Menzies, Lucy, 578 5th Aug.-22nd Nov. 1914, The, 7,
Merewether, J. W. B., 662 21
Mermeix, 663 Mons: The Retreat to Victory, 3, 7, 9-11, 908
Messenger, Charles, 664 Montague, C. E., 677
Michelin, 665-66 Montague-Marsden, Maurice Arthur, 678
Micholls, G. A., 667 Montgomery: A Biography, 684
Middleton, Edgar, 668 Montgomery, Bernard Law, 435, 679, 718
Militärgeschichtliches Forschungsamt, 669 Montgomery-Cunninghame, Thomas, 680
Military Atlas of the First World War, A, 54 Monty: The Making of a General, 1887-
Military History of the War, From the 1942, 435
Declaration of War to the Close Moody, R. S. H., 681
of the Campaign of August 1914, Moore, W., 682
A, 66 Moore, William, 683
Military History of the World War, 618 Moorehead, Alan, 684
Military History of the World War, A, 501 Moorhouse, Brendon, 685
Military History of World War I, 282 Morale: A Study of Men and Courage: The
Military Operations: France and Belgium, Second Scottish Rifles at the
288 Battle of Neuve Chapelle, 73
Mills, Arthur Frederick Hobart, 754 Mordacq, H., 686
Miquel, Pierre, 670 Morgan, Frederick, 687
Misfit Soldier: Edward Casey's War Story, Morrow, Ian F. D., 96
1914-1932, 184 Morgan, J. H., 688
Mit Clausewitz durch die Rätsel und Fragen, Morrow, John H., Jr., 689
Irrungen und Wirrungen des Morton, Desmond, 690-92
Weltkrieges, 581 Moser, Otto von, 693-95
Mit der Garde im Westen, 68 Mother Country Fatherland: The Story of a
Mitchell, Donald G., 799 British-Born German Soldier, 644
Mitchell, T. J., 671 Mott, T. Bentley, 527
Modern Guns and Gunnery, 91 Mottram, R. H., 696
Mole, W. R., 672 Moyer, Laurence V., 697
Molesworth, G. N., 673 Moynihan, Michael, 698-99
Molony, C. V., 674 Mud and Khaki: The Memories of an
Moltke, Helmuth von, 26-27, 67, 150, 304, Incomplete Soldier, 205
397, 556, 563, 606, 701, 901, 925 Muller, Commandant, 700
Moltke, Schlieffen, and Prussian War Müller-Loebnitz, Wilhelm von, 701-02
Planning, 151 Munro, Ion S., 703
Money, R. R., 676 Munro, Jack, 704
Mons, 190 Murphy, C. R. R., 705
Mons and the Retreat, 396 Murray, A. M., 706
Mons, Anzac and Kut by an MP, 465 Murray, Archibald, 7, 9, 21, 359
Mons, Battle of, 2, 5 7-9, 21, 6, 59, 61, 106, Murray, W. W., 707
127, 135, 153, 190, 192, 207, 210, My Bit: A Lancashire Fusilier at War 1914-
239, 268, 295, 299, 342-43, 396, 1918, 25
Index 185
My War Experiences in Two Continents, 626 Notes on the Campaign in France, 1914, 338
Napier's Rifles: The History of the 5th Notes on the Operations of the British
Battalion 6th Rajputahna Rifles, Expeditionary Force, August
778 22nd to September 9, 1914, 682
Narrative on the Formation and Operation Nova Scotia's Part in the Great War, 503
of the First Canadian Division to Oatts, L. B., 722-23
the Second Battle of Ypres, 169 Occleshaw, Michael, 724
Nasmith, George, 708-09 Officers of the Battalion, 725
Neillands, Robin, 710 Officers of the Green Howards, Alexandra,
Nelson's History of the War, 149 Princess of Wales's Own
Neuburg, Victor E., 711 (Yorkshire Regiment), (formerly
Neumann, Georg Paul, 712 the 19th Foot) 1688 to 1920, 317
Neuve Chapelle, 134 Official History of the Canadian Army in the
Neuve Chapelle, Battle of, 13-17, 23, 9, 44, First World War: The Canadian
88. 114, 134, 205-06, 257, 313, Expeditionary Force, 1914-1918,
342, 363, 432, 473, 497, 588, 592, 716
605, 652, 662, 672, 687, 767, 819, Official History of the Canadian Forces in
872, 905, 910, 924, 962, 968, 981, the Great War, 1914-1915, 278
987, 989, 994, 1001, 1003, 1012 Official History of the Canadian Forces in
Nevinson, Henry W., 713 the Great War, 1914-1919: The
New Guide to the Battlefields of Northern Medical Services, 628
France and the Low Countries, Ogle, Henry, 391
392 Old Contemptible, 75
Newman, Bernard , 404, 714 Old Contemptibles: A Photographic History
News From the Front: War Correspondents, of the British Expeditionary
310 Force, August to December 1914,
Newton, W. Douglas, 715 The, 860
Nicolson, G. W. L., 716 Old Front Line, The, 648
Nicolson, Lothian, 717 Old Soldiers Never Die, 792
Nicolson, Nigel, 718 Omissi, David, 726
Nieman, Johannes, 719 Ommannney, C. H., 727
1915 Campaign in France: The Battles of On Artillery, 425
Aubers Ridge, Festubert & Loos On the Fringe of the Great Fight, 709
Considered in Relation to the On the Psychology of Military Incompetence,
Field Service Regulations, 537 267
1915 Année Sanglante, 421 On the Road From Mons With an Army
1915: The Death of Innocence, 614 Service Corps Train, 728
"1915: The Realities of Trench Warfare On the Western Front (1st/3rd Battalion
Revealed," 313 Monmouthshire Regiment), 729
1914, 166 107th Field Company, R.E., 775
1914, 10-11, 21, 24, 341 O'Neill, H. C., 730
1914, 615 operationen und rückwärtigen Verbindungen
1914: Glory Departing, 733 der deutschen I Armee in der
1914-1918: Voices and Images of the Great Marneschlacht, 1914, Die, 525
War, 616 Orange, Green and Khaki: The Story of the
Ninth Queen's Royal Lancers, 1715-1936, Irish Regiments in the Great War,
The, 851 1914-18, 532
No Place to Run: The Canadian Corps and Order of Battle of Divisions, The, 76
Gas Warfare in the First World Origines de la Victoire: Histoire Raisonnée
War, 223 de la Guerre Mondiale, Les, 118
Noftsinger, James Philip, 720 Osburn, Arthur, 731
Norman, Terry, 220 "Other Side of the Hill, No. III: The Fight for
Norris, Geoffrey, 721 Hill 70, 25th-26th of September
North Staffordshire Regiment, The, 222 1915, The," 998
Not Worth Reading, 18 "Other Side of the Hill, No. XII: The Night
Attack at Landrecies, 25th Pincetl, Jr., Stanley J., 241

August, 1914, The," 999 Pity of War: Explaining World War I, The,
"Other Side of the Hill, No. XVI: Aubers 316
Ridge, 9th of May, 1915, The," Pivotal Conflict: A Comprehensive
1000 Chronology of the First World
"Other Side of the Hill, No. XVII: Neuve War, 1914-1919, The, 466
Chapelle, 10th-12th March, 1915, Place Called Armageddon: Letters From the
The," 1001 Great War, A, 699
"Other Side of the Hill, No. XII: The Night Plain Tales From Flanders, 209
Attack at Landrecies, 25th Plan de Campagne Allemand de 1914 et son
August, 1914, The," 999 exécution, Le, 536
Otto, Helmut, 732 Plan de Campagne Français et le Premier
"Our Opponents at the Battle of the Marne, Mois de la Guerre, Le, 573
1914," 479 Platoon Commander, 754
Over There: War Scenes on the Western Plumer, Herbert. 21, 446, 763
Front, 86 Plumer of Messines, 446
Owen, Edward, 733 Plumer: The Soldiers' General: A
Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Biography of Field-Marshal
Infantry, The, 113 Viscount Plumer of Messines, 763
Oxfordshire Hussars in the Great War Poincaré, Raymond, 421, 755
(1914-1918), The, 542 Poisonous Cloud: Chemical Warfare in the
Page, Christopher, 734 First World War, The, 429
Palat, B. E., 423,. 735-36 Pollard, A. F., 756
Palazzo, Albert, 18, 737 Pollard, Hugh B. C., 757
Panichas, George A., 738 Pomeroy, Ralph Legge, 758
Paret, Peter, 500 Ponsonby, Frederick, 759
Parker, Ernest, 739 Poor Bloody Murder: Personal Memoirs of
Parkinson, Roger, 740 the First World War, 787
Parks, Edwin, 741 Popular History of the Great War, A, 438
Parkyn, H. G, 742 Poseck, M. von, 760
Parkyn, Harry Gordon, 285 Pound, Reginald, 761
part de Foch dans la Victoire, La, 736 Powell, Geoffrey, 762-63
Partridge, Eire, 696 Pradhan, S. D., 292
Passchendaele and the Battles of Ypres Première Guerre Mondiale, La, 180
1914-18, 301 Prideaux, G. A., 763
"Pattern for Limited (Nuclear) War: The Priestley, R. E., 765-66
Riddle of the Schlieffen Plan," Prince of Wales Own, The Scinde Horse, 652
1002 Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry,
Peace and War: A Soldier's Life, 687 964
Peat, Harold R., 743 Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry,
Pennyman, J. B. W., 744 1914-1919, 483
Penrose, John, 745 Prior, Robin, 15, 767-68
People at War, 1914-1918, 698 Private Peat, 743
Percy, Earl, 897 Private Papers of Douglas Haig, 1914-1919,
Perreau, Commandant, 746 The, 101
Perris, G. H., 8, 747-48 Promise of Greatness: The War of 1914-
Peteau, A., 749 1918, The, 738
Petre, F. Lorraine, 750-51 Proud Heritage. The Story of the Highland
Petzoid, Joachim, 554 Light Infantry, 1882-1918, 723
Phantom Brigade; Or the Contemptible Puaux, René, 769
Adventure, The, 903 Puleston, William Dilworth, 770
Philpott, William J., 752 Purdom,C. B., 771
Photohistory of World War One, A, 458 Queen's Dragoon Guards, The, 82
Picnic Basket, The, 878 Queen's Own Royal West Kent Regiment,
Piers, Charles, 753 1914-1918, The, 33
Index 187
"Race to the Sea, September to October, The, Reid, Brian Holden, 786
1914," 851 Reid, Gordon, 787
"Race, Sex and War: The Impact of Race and Reinhardt, Ernst, 788
Sec on Morale and Health Reminiscences of a Grenadier, 349
Services for the Indian Corps on Reminiscences of Sport and War, 262
the Western Front," 417 Repington, Charles à Court, 23, 789
Rae, Herbert, 772 Reputations Ten Years After, 587
Raimes, A. L., 773 Reserve-Ersatz-Regiment nr. 3; im Auftrage
Raleigh, Walter, 774 der Kameradschaft ehemaliger
Rattray, M. J., 775 Angehöriger des Res.-Ers. Regts.
Rawling, Bill, 776 3, 157
Rawlinson, A., 777 Responding to the Call: The Kitchener
Rawlinson, H. G., 13, 15, 17, 778 Battalions of the Royal Berkshire
Rawlinson, Henry, 657, 767 Regiment at the Battle of Loos
Real Front, The, 204 1915, 195
Real War, 1914-1918, The, 586 Revell, Alex, 790
Realities of War, The, 376 Reynolds, Francis Joseph, 791
Recollections of an Airman, 894 Richards, Frank, 792
Recollections of Three Manchesters in the Richards, John, 793
Great War: Mike Lally of the Old Richards, R. , 794
Contemptibles, Joe Horgan of the Richardson, Sue, 461
Territorials, John Hallows of the Richter, Donald, 795-96
Pals, The, 461 Rickard, Mrs. Victor, 797
Record of the Battles and Engagements of Riddell, E., 798
the British Armies in France and Riddle, David K., 799
Flanders, 1914-1918, A, 519 "Riddle of Schlieffen: Some Comments on
Records of the Fourth Canadian Infantry Captain Wynne's Analysis of
Battalion in the Great War, 1914- British Tactical Failures in the
1918, 378 First World War,The," 968
Records of the 4th Royal Irish Dragoon Riddle of the Rhine--Chemical Strategy in
Guards in the Great War, 1914- Peace and War, The, 577
1918, 375 Riddles of Wipers, The, 515
Records of the Seventh Dragoon Guards Riding the Retreat: Mons to the Marne 1914
(Princess Royal's) During the Revisited, 10, 490
Great War, 840 Riebensahm, Gustav, 800
Recouly, Raymond, 779-81 Rifle Brigade, The, 450
Red Watch" With the First Canadian Rifleman, A., 801
Division in Flanders, "The, 246 Rifleman and Hussar, 639
"Reflections on Neuve Chapelle, March, Rifleman Went to War; Being a Narrative of
1915," 1003 the Author's Experiences and
Regimental Committee, 782 Observations While With the
Regimental History Committee, 783 Canadian Corps in France and
Regimental History of 1st the Queen's Belgium, September 1915-April
Dragoon Guards, The, 635 1917, With Particular Emphasis
Regimental History of the 3rd Queen Upon the Use of the Military Rifle
Alexandra's Own Gurkha Rifles, in Sniping, Its Place in Modern
The, 981 Armament, and the Work of the
Regimental Officers, 784 Individual Solder, A, 610
Regimental Records of the Royal Welch Ritter, Gerhard, 802
Fusiliers, 182 Ritter, Hans, 803
Regimental Records of the Royal Welch Road Past Vimy: The Canadian Corps,
Fusiliers, 1914-1918, 937 1914-1918, The, 395
Regimental Surgeon in War and Prison, A, Roberts, Charles G. D., 9
268 Roberts, Craig, 804
Reicharchiv, 785 Roberts, T. G., 805
Robertson, Bruce, 806 S. O. S. Stand To, 403

Robertson, William, 24, 112, 807-07 Sächsische Reserve-Jäger-Battalion No. 13,
Robin Hoods," 1/7th, 2/7th &3/7 Battns., 541
Sherwood Foresters, 1914-1918, Salient Points Two: Cameos of the Western
The, 725 Front Ypres Sector 1914-1918,
Robson, Stuart, 809 875
Role of British Strategy in the Great War, Salmond, John, 569
The, 243 Samuels, Martin, 7, 825
Roll of Honour: Royal Flying Corps and Sandilands, H. R., 826
Royal Air Force for the Great Sanitätswesen im Weltkrieg, 1914-1918, Das
War, 1914-18, The, 965 561
Rolt-Wheeler, Francis , 810 Sargent, Herbert Howland, 827
Ronarc'h, Vice-Admiral, 811 Saundby, Robert, 828
Rorie, David, 812 Saunders, Anthony, 829
Roses of No Man's Land The, 617 Savage, Raymond, 830
Roskill, Stephen, 813 Savill, Mervyn, 397
Ross-of-Bladensburg, John, 814 Savory, A. C. S., 128
Rossor, Bruce, 852 "Scapegoat of the Battle of the Marne, 1914.
Roussel-Lépine, Joséphe, 815 Lieutenant Colonel Hentsch and
Rowlands, D. H., 816 the Order for the German Retreat,
Roy, Reginald H., 817 The," 289
Royal Army Service Corps, The, 237 Schlacht an der Yser und bei Ypren im
Royal Army Service Corps: A History of Herbst 1914, unter Benutzung
Transport and Supply in the amlichter Quellen bearb, Die,
British Army, The, 330 369, 837
Royal Dragoons, The, 476 Schlacht bei Mons: unter Benutzung
Royal Engineers Institution, 818 amtlicher Quellen, Die, 387
Royal Field Leech, A., 819 Schlacht vor Paris, Die, 247
Royal Flying Corps: A History, The, 721 Schlachten bei Ypren und Dixmude (Oktober
Royal Flying Corps Communiques, 1915- Und November 1914), Die, 552
1916. , 212 Schlachten des Weltkrieges, 1914-1918.
Royal Flying Corps in France: From Mons Band 3: Antwerpen 1914, 370
to the Somme, The, 59 Schlachten des Weltkrieges, 1914-1918.
Royal Flying Corps in the War, The, 969 Band 22-26: Das Marnedrama,
Royal Flying Corps, The, 912 373
Royal Fusiliers in the Great War, The, 730 Schlachten des Weltkriegs, 1914-1918. Band
Royal Hampshire Regiment, The, 985 7A & 7B: Die Schlacht Bei St.
Royal Horse Guards, The, 477 Quentin 1914, 371
Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers in the World Schlachten des Weltkrieges, 1914-1918.
War, The, 333 Band 10: Ypren 1914, 372
Royal Irish Fusiliers, 1793-1950, The, 245 Schlieffen, Alfred, Count von, 150
Royal Irish Fusiliers, The, 447 Schlieffen Plan, 7-8, 10-11, 152, 311, 326,
Royal Montreal Regiment 14th Battalion, 374, 535-36, 566, 693, 802, 908,
1914-1925, The, 320 925, 962, 968, 997, 1002
Royal Regiment of Artillery at Le Cateau, Schlieffen Plan, The. 802
The, 77 Schmiedel, Karl, 732
Royal Regiment of Artillery, Ottawa, 1855- Schmitt, Bernadotte E., 831
1952, The, 517 Schneider, Benno, 832
Royal Scots, 1914-1919, The, 303 Schnitler, Gudmund, 833
Royal Scots Greys, The, 99 Schnitter, Helmut, 732
Royle, Trevor, 22, 820 Schoenfeld, Ernst von, 834
Roze, Anne, 821 Schützinger, H., 835
Rübesamen, Friedrich Wilhelm, 822 Schwarte, Max, 836
Rupprecht, Crown Prince of Bavaria, 823 Schwink, Otto, 837
Rutherford, N. J. C., 824 Scots Guards in the Great War, 1914-1918,
Index 189
The, 751 Short History of the Great War, A, 756

Scots Guards, The, 393 Short History of the Great War, A, 629
Scott, Arthur B., 838 Short History of the Great World War, A, 133
Scott, F. G., 839 Short History of the Oxfordshire and
Scott, H. S., 183 Buckingham Light Infantry, 1741-
Scott, J. F., 840 1922. , A, 241
Scott, Peter, 841-42 Short History of the Royal Regiment of
Scrap Book of the 7th Bn. Somerset Light Artillery, A, 854
Infantry (13th Foot), 843 Short History of the Royal Scots Fusiliers, A,
Scudamore, T. V., 844 868
Seaton, Shirley, 143 Short History of the Royal Welch Fusiliers,
2nd City of London Regiment (Royal 863
Fusiliers) in the Great War Short History of the 7th Battalion, C. E. F., A,
(1914-19), The, 419 844
2nd Munsters in France, The, 524 Short History of the 16th/5th Lancers, A, 742
Secrett, T., 845 Short History of the 6th Division, Aug. 1914-
Sedgwick, F. R., 846 March 1919, A, 638
See Glory, Keep Glory: The Story of the 1st Short History of World War I, A, 287
Battalion, Royal Warwickshire Short Military History of World War I, A, 882
Regiment, 1914-18, 10, 23 Signal Service in the European War of 1914
Seeking Victory on the Western Front: The to 1918 (France), 766
British Army and Chemical Silent Night: The Story of the World War I
Warfare in World War I, 18, 737 Christmas Truce, 949
Sendung des Oberstleutnants Hentsch, Die, Simonds, Frank H., 855
701 Simpson, Andy, 10, 16, 856
Sepoys in the Trenches: The Indian Corps Simpson, C. R., 857
on the Western Front, 1914-1915, Simpson, Frank, 858
231 Simpson, Keith, 859-60
Sergeant-Major's War: From Hill 60 to the Singer, H. C., 861
Somme, A, 850 Sir Arthur Currie: A Biography, 252
Serious Disappointment: The Battle of Sir John French: An Authentic Biography,
Aubers Ridge, 1915 and the 201
Subsequent Munitions Scandal, A, Sixsmith, E. K. G., 862
th
15, 137 16 Foot: A History of the Bedfordshire and
17th/21st Lancers, The, 100 Hertfordshire Regiment, The, 656
Seventh Division, 1914-1918, The, 34 Skaife, E. O., 863
Severn, Mark, 847 Skennerton, Ian D., 864
Seymour, William, 88 Slessor, J. C., 865-66
Shakespear, L. W., 848 Slow, Peter, 867
Sheldon-Williams, I. and R. F. L., 849 Smith, A. G. B., 868
Shennan, Captain, 19 Smith, Aubrey, 801
Shephard, Ernest, 850 Smith, Frederick, 662
Sheppard, E. W., 851-52 Smith, G. M., 671
Sherwood Foresters in the Great War The, Smith, Myron J., Jr., 869
994 Smith, Ted, 875
Sherwood Foresters in the Great War, 1914- Smith-Dorrien, 52
1919, Battalion, The, 948 Smith-Dorrien, Horace, 5, 7, 9, 13, 15, 20-24,
Short History of the Border Regiment, A, 853 52, 77-78, 329, 582, 870-72
Short History of the Cameronians, 995 Smithers, A. J., 871
Short History of Captured Guns, The Great Smoke and the Fire: Myths and Anti-Myths
European War, 1914-1918. The of War, The, 909
British Columbia Regiment (7th Smyth, John, 872
Bn., C. E. F.). The Seaforth Snow, Thomas D.'O., 9
Highlanders of Canada (72nd Bn., Soldier and Dramatist, Being the Letters of
C. E. F.), A, 678 Harold Chapin American Citizen
Who Died for England at Loos on Great War, 1914-1920, 413

September 26th 1915, 193 Steel, J. P., 883
Soldier, Artist, Sportsman: The Life of Steel, Nigel, 884
General Lord Rawlinson of Trent, Steel, R. James, 632
657 Steele, Harwood, 885
Soldier True, 112 Stegemann, Herman, 886
Soldier's Diary of the Great War, A, 873 Steppler, Glenn A., 887
Soldier's Diary of the Great War, 1914-1917, Stewart, Herbert A., 888
A, 764 Stewart, J., 889
Soldier's Saga: The Autobiography of Stewart, Patrick F., 890
General Sir Aylmer Haldane, A, Stimme aus der Front. Bülow's Vormarsch,
431 Rückzug und Rettung seiner und
Soldier's War, A Prose Anthology, The, 138 der I Armee, 984
Soldier's War: Being the Diary of the Late Stirling, J, 891
Arthur Henry Cook, D.C.M., Storm in Flanders: The Ypres Salient, 1914-
M.M., B.E.M., Written During 1918, A, 10, 420
Four Years' Service With the 1st Stormtroop Tactics: Innovation in the
Battalion, The Somerset Light German Army 1914-18, 426
Infantry, on the Western Front, Story, H. H., 531
France, During the Great War, Story of a Regiment of Horse (5th Princess of
1914-18, A, 673 Wales's Dragoon Guards) 1685-
Soldier's War, 1914-1918, The, 590 1922, The, 758
Soldiering On: Being the Memoirs of Story of the Great War, The, 791
General Sir Hubert Gough, 400 Story of the Household Cavalry, The, 19
Soldiering With a Stethoscope, 824 Story of the Munsters at Etraux, Festubert,
Soldiers and Others I Have Known, 8 Rue de Bois and Hulloch, The,
Soldiers and Statesmen, 1914-1918, 808 797
"Some Aspects of Artillery Development Story of the Princess Patricia's Canadian
During the First World War on the Light Infantry, 1914-1917, The,
Western Front," 553 794
Some Pages From the History of "Q " Battery Story of the Royal Scots (The Lothian
R. H. A. in the Great War, I Regiment). Formerly the First or
Some War Diaries, Addresses and Royal Regiment of Foot, The, 946
Correspondence of Sir John Story of the Royal Warwickshire Regiment,
French, 346 The, 549
Sordet, General, 21, 116, 749 Story of the Tenth Canadian Battalion, 1914-
Source Records of the Great War, 498 1917, The, 488
South Wales Borderers, The, 4 Story of the Thirteenth Battalion, 1914-1917,
Souvenirs de la Guerre (Août 1914- The, 646
septembre 1915), 811 Story of Ypres, The, 757
Souza, Charles de, 874 Strachan, Hew, 892-93
Spagnoly, Tony, 875 Strange, Louis A., 894
Spaight, J. M. 876 Strategy and Intelligence: British Policy
Spears, Edward, 8, 10, 290877-78 During the First World War, 786
Spiers, Edward M., 879 Strategy of the Great War, The., 630
Spurgin, A. R., 625 Strategy of Victory, 1914-1918: The Life and
St. Julien, Battle of, 384 Times of the Master Strategist of
St. Quentin, Battle of, 371 World War I: Field-Marshal Sir
Stacke, Harry FritzMaurice, 880 William Robertson, The, 112
"Staff of the B.E.F., The," 842 Strategy on the Western Front (1914-1918),
Stallings, Laurence, 881 The, 827
Stamps, T. Dodson, 882 Student and Sniper-Sergeant, A Memoir of J.
Stand-To: A Diary of the Trenches, 1915- K. Forbes, M. A., 4th Battalion
1918, 482 Gordon Highlanders, Who Died
Statistics of the British Empire During the for his Country, 25 September
Index 191
1915, 904 Welch Fusiliers (23rd Regiment of

Student in Arms, 441 Foot), 390
Sturm auf Langenmarck: von einem der Thatcher, W. S., 910
dabei war, Der, 472 There's a Devil in the Drum, 605
Subaltern's Odyssey: A Memoir of the Great Thevenet, Général, 911
War 1915-1917, A, 900 Thimmermann, Hermann, 472
Subalterns of the Foot: Three World War I 3rd (King's Own) Hussars in the Great War
Diaries of Officers of the (1914-1919), The, 962
Cheshire Regiment, 977 13th Battalion, Royal Highlanders of Canada,
Subaltern's Share in the War, Home Letters 1914-1919, The, 321
of the Late George Weston Thirty Canadian V.C. 's, 805
Devenish, Lieut. R.A., Attached R. Thirty Canadian VCs: 23 April 1915 to 30th
F. C., A, 264 March 1918, 172
Subject Bibliography of the First World War: Thompson, Robert, 912
Books in English 1914-1987, A, Thomsen, Herman, 913
296 Thornton, L. H., 914
Suire, M., 357 Thoumin, Richard, 915
Supplying War: Logistics from Wallenstein Three Personal Records of the War, 696
to Patten, 925 Three Years with the 9th (Scottish) Division,
Surgeon in Khaki, A, 643 238
"Survey for Batteries," 745 Through the Fog of War, 588
Surviving Trench Warfare: Technology and Thuiller, Henry F., 916
the Canadian Corps, 1914-1918, Thurston, L. F., 486
776 Tickled to Death to Go: Memoirs of a
Swettenham, John, 895-96 Cavalryman in the First World
Swifter Than Eagles: The Biography of War, 295
Marshal of the Royal Air Force, To Seize the Victory, 896
Sir John Maitland Salmond, 569 Tommy Goes to War, 142
Swinton, Ernest D., 354, 897 Topography and Strategy in the War, 529
Sykes, F. H., 898 Topography of Armageddon, 199
Szczepanski, Max von, 899 Tormented Warrior: Ludendorff and the
Tactics of To-day, The, 165 Supreme Command, 740
Taffy Went to War, 257 Tragedy of Lord Kitchener, The, 297
"Taking Aim from the Trenches: World War Tragedy of Sir John French, 19, 188
I Sniper," 804 Transportation on the Western Front 1914-
Talbot Kelly, R. B., 900 1918, 463
Tale of a Casualty Clearing Station, The, 819 Travers, Tim, 917
Tapestry of War: A Private View of Tredwell, Terry C., 918
Canadians in the Great War, 428 Trench Fighting 1914-1918, 664
Tappen, Gehard, 901 Trial by Fire: Command and the British
Tascona, Bruce, 902 Expeditionary Force in 1914, 3,
Taylor, A. J. P., 903 362
Taylor, Arthur, 453 Trois mois au Premier Corps de Cavalerie,
Taylor, William, 904 582
Témoins, 241 Trooper in the 'Tins': Autobiography of a
Tempest, E. V., 905 Lifeguardsman, A, 596
10th P. W. O. Royal Hussars and the Essex Truth About Kitchener, The, 368
Yeomanry During the European Tuchman, Barbara, 8, 10, 916
War, 1914-1918, The, 957 Tucker, A. B., 919
10th Royal Hussars (1915-1969), The, 124 Tucker, Spencer C., 920
Terraine, John, 3, 7, 9-11, 23-24, 379, 514, Tumult in the Clouds: The British
516, 906-09 Experience of the War in the Air
Territorial Divisions, 1914-18, The, 891 1914-1918, 884
That Astonishing Infantry: Three Hundred Tunnellers, 404
Years of the History of the Royal Twenty-Fifth Battalion, Canadian
Expeditionary Force: Nova verité sur l'evacuation d'Anvers en 1914, La,

Scotia's Famous Regiment in 661
World War One, The, 613 Vermelles: Notes on the Western Front by a
Twenty-Five Years with Earl Haig, 845 Chaplain, 284
24th Battalion, C. E. F., Victoria Rifles of Victoire chère et paix des dupes: précis
Canada, The, 322 historique de la grande guerre,
27 Infanterie-Division in Weltkrieg, 1914- 1914-1919, 746
1918, Die, 263 Victoire de la Marne, La, 633
23rd Division, 1914-1919, The, 826 victoire de la Marne, Les Marais de Saint-
"23rd (Field) Company R.E. in the Great War, Gond, La, 578
1914-1918, The," 111 Victoria Cross: WWI Airmen and Their
23rd London Regiment, 1798-1919, The, 328 Aircraft, 790
Two World Wars: A Guide to the Victorian Army and the Staff College, 1854-
Manuscript Collections in the 1914, The, 109
United Kingdom, The, 659 Victory Must Be Ours: Germany in the Great
Tyng, Sewell, 921 War: 1914-1918, 697
Ueberblick über die Geschichte des Victory of the Marne: The Enemy's
Weltkrieg, 337 Onslaught, Order to Stand Firm,
Under Two Flags: The Life of Major General the Battle, Immediate Results,
Sir Edward Spears, 290 Historic Consequences, The, 633
Understanding the First World War: "View from GHQ: The Second Part of the
Illusions and Realities, 351 Diary of General Sir Charles
Undertones of War, 105 Deeds, K. C. B., C. M. G., D. S.
Undying Story: The Work of the British O., The," 841
Expeditionary Force on the "View from GHQ: The Third Part of the
Continent from Mons, August Diary of General Sir Charles
23rd, 1914, to Ypres, November Deeds, K. C. B., C. M. G., "D. S.
15th, 1914, The, 715 O., The," 841
Unknown Warriors: Extracts from the Villate, Robert, 929
Letters of K. E. Luard, R. R. C., Vivian, A. P. G., 930
Nursing Sister in France, 1914- Von der Saale zur Aisne, 972
1918, 603 Vormarsch, 103
Unquiet Western Front: Britain's Role in Wackett, E., 931
Literature and History, The, 108 Wait for the Waggon: The Story of the Royal
Unsere Luftstreitkräfte, 1914-18: Ein Canadian Army Service Corps,
Denkmal Deutschen Heldentums, 940
286 Wakefield, J., 932
Unwilling Passenger, 731 Wales on the Western Front, 793
Urquhart, H. M. 922-23 Walker, G., 933
V.C.s of the First World War: 1914, 388 Walker, G. Goold, 934
Vain Glory: A Miscellany of the Great War, Wallace, O. C. S., 950
194 War Books: A Critical Guide, 308
Vale, W. L., 924 War Books: A Study in Historical Criticism,
Van Creveld, Martin, 925 241
Van Der Essen, Léon, 926 War Diary (1914-18) 10th (Service) Battalion
van Hartesveldt, Fred R., 927 Royal Welch Fusiliers, The, 156
Vanished Army, The, 176 War Diary of the Master of Belhaven, The,
VC: A Memoir and Some Letters, 658 436
VC and DSO, The, 235 War History of the 1st Battalion Queen's
VCs of the First World War: The Air VCs, Westminster Rifles, 1914-1918,
225 The, 464
VCs of the First World War: The Western War History of the 1st Northumbrian Brigade
Front, 1915, 65 R. F. A. (T. F.), 727
Veder, Harold C., 831 War History of the Sixth Battalion the South
Veitch, E. Hardinge, 928 Staffordshire Regiment. (T.F.),
Index 193
The, 935 Western Front Companion, 1914-1918; A-Z

War History of the Sixth Battalion the South Source to the Battles, Weapons,
Staffordshire Regiment (T.F.), People, Places, and Air Combat,
The, 219 The, 570
War in the Trenches, The, 595 Western Front Illustrated, 1914-1918, The,
War Letters to a Wife: France and Flanders, 571
1915-1919, 314 Western Front: Ordinary Soldiers and the
War Lords: Military Commanders of the Defining Battles of World War I,
Twentieth Century, The, 181 The, 491
War Memoirs, 597 Westlake, Ray, 951-53
War of Invention: Scientific Developments, Wet Flanders Plain, The, 966
1914-1918, The, 449 Whalley-Kelly, H., 954
War the Infantry Knew, 1914-1919: A When Your Number's Up: The Canadian
Chronicle of Service in France Soldier in the First World War,
and Belgium, The, 280 691
War Story of the Canadian Army Medical White, A. S., 955
Corps, The, 2 Whitehead, Henry C., 11
War Underground: The Tunnellers of the Whitehorne, A. C., 956
Great War, 62 Whitmore, F. H. D. C., 957
War Walk: A Journey Along the Western Whitton, F. E., 10, 957
Front, The, 534 Whyte, F., 959
Ward, C. H. Dudley, 182, 783, 936-38 Wilde, Capt.-Comdt. R. de., 960
Warneford V. C., 377 Wilhelm, Crown Prince, 961
Warner, Philip, 18, 939 Willcocks, James, 13, 962
Warren, Arnold, 940 Willcox, Walter Temple, 962
Warrior, 506 Williams, Jeffrey, 964
Waters, R. S., 941 Williamson, H. J., 965
Watson, W. H. L., 942 Williamson, Henry, 966
Watteville, H. G. de, 943 Willson, Beckles, 967
Wauchope, A. G., 944 Wilson, A. J., 968
Wavell, Archibald, 945 Wilson, Henry, 6-8, 22, 28, 163, 215, 400,
Weapons of the Trench War, 1914-1918, 829 502
Weaver, Lawrence, 946 Wilson, Trevor, 15, 767-68
Weber, Emil, 947 Winds of Change, 1914-1939, 624
Wedd, A. F., 975 Wing Adjutant, 969
Weetman, W. C. C., 948 Winged Mars, II: The Air Weapon, 1914-
Weintraub, Stanley, 949 1916, 244
Weippert, J. M., 932 Winnifrith, Douglas P., 970
Welcome to Flanders Fields, the First Winterbotham, J. L., 971
Canadian Battle of the Great Wipers Times, 515
War: Ypres 1915, 15, 253 Wirth, Hauptmann A., 972
Wells, Clifford Almon, 950 Wise, S. F., 973
Wells, Eric, 902 With a Field Ambulance at Ypres: Being
Welsh Regiment of Foot Guards, 1915-1918, Letters Written March 7th to
938 August 15th 1915, 124
Weltkrieg, Der, 462 With a Machine Gun to Cambrai, 227
Weltkrieg, 1914-1918, Der, 567 With a Reservist in France a Personal
Weltkrieg, 1914-1918, Der, 833 Account of All the Engagements
Weltkrieg 1914-1918: Die militärischen in Which the 1st Division 1st Corps
Operationen zu Lande, Der, 374 Took Part, viz.: Mons (Including
Wendepunkt des Weltkrieges, Der, 702 the Retirement), the Marne, the
Wentzell, Georg, 913 Aisne, First Battle of Ypres,
West Yorkshire Regiment in the War, 1914- Neuve Chapelle, Festubert, and
1918, The, 1012 Loos, 106
West Yorkshire Regiment, The, 58 With My Regiment, From the Aisne to La
Bassée, 754 248 im Weltkrieg 1914-1918,

With Rifle and Pick, 265 Das, 788
With the Allies, 258 Wykes, A., 985
With the First Canadian Contingent, 974 Wylly, H. C., 986-96
With the Guns West and East, 15 Wynne, G. C., 16, 103, 968, 997-1003
With the Heavies in Flanders, 87 Wyrall, Everard, 1004-12
With the Immortal Seventh Division, 543 Year Ago: Eyewitness's Narrative of the War
With the Indians in France, 962 From March 20th to July 19th,
With the Royal Garhwal Rifles in the Great 1915, A, 897
War from August, 1914, to York and Lancaster Regiment, 1758-1919,
November, 1917, 274 The, 996
With the 10th Essex in France, 55 Young, B. K., 1013
Witkop, Philipp, 975 Young, Peter, 313, 1014
Witt-Guizot, Lieut. Colonel de, 976 Youth of Yesteryear: Campaigns, Battles,
Wolff, Anne, 977 Service and Exploits of the
Wood, Alan C., 918 Glasgow Territorials in the Last
Wood, H. F., 978 Great War, 703
Wood, W. de B., 979 Ypres and the Battles for Ypres, 1015
Woods, Richard, 867 Ypres and the Battles for Ypres, 1914-1918,
Woodward, Llewellyn, 980 666
Woodyatt, Nigel G., 981 Ypres, First Battle of, 12-13, 15, 1, 19, 34,
Worcester Regiment in the Great War, The, 106, 175, 191, 232, 239, 249, 301,
880 311, 336, 369, 372, 434, 436,
Worcestershire Regiment, The, 353 472-73, 508, 528, 546, 552, 564,
"Work of the Royal Engineers in the 584, 596, 598, 600, 651, 661, 665,
European War, 1914-1919: 695, 716, 718, 722, 762, 837, 933,
Chemical Warfare, The", 982 937, 940, 945, 957, 967, 989
Work of the Royal Engineers in the Ypres, Neuve Chapelle, Festubert, and Loos,
European War, 1914-1919, The, 106
818 Ypres, 1914, 369
World Crisis, The, 203 Ypres, 1914: An Official Account Published
World in the Crucible, 1914-1919, The, 831 by Order of the German General
World War I, 470 Staff, 837
World War I, 640 Ypres Salient, 21, 381-82, 419-20, 474, 493,
World War I : A Compact History, 457 515, 517, 646, 678, 696, 743, 749,
World War I : A Short History, 608 772, 824, 839, 844, 875, 895, 897,
World War I : An Outline History, 49 910, 940, -41, 946, 967, 986, 1015
World War I Aviation: A Bibliography of Ypres Salient: Flanders Then and Now, The,
Books in English, French, 382
German, and Italian, 720 Ypres, Second Battle of, 22-23, 2, 5, 9, 42,
World War I in Photographs, 379 46, 50, 88, 90, 96, 124, 130, 147,
World War I in the Air: A Bibliography and 154, 158, 169, 185, 191, 194, 202,
Chronology, 869 206, 208, 239, 246, 251, 253, 262,
World War One Reminiscences of a New 265-67, 295, 301, 313, 320-21,
Brunswick Veteran, 272 342, 368, 381, 395, 403, 444, 448,
World War One Source Book, The, 459 453, 480, 483, 488, 507, 528, 540,
Worthington, Larry. Amid the Guns Below: 564, 574, 577, 583-84, 596, 627,
The Story of the Canadian Corps 632, 646, 661, 665, 672, 681,
(1914-1919), 983 686-87, 707, 729, 762, 773, 792,
Wrede, Edmund Fürst von, 984 839, 855, 884, 919, 931, 937, 940,
Württemberger in Weltkrieg, Die, 695 945, 989
Württembergische Reserve-Feldartillerie- Ypres, Sanctuary Wood and Hooge, 191
Regiment Nr. 54 im Weltkrieg Ypres, The Holy Ground of British Arms, 967
1914-1918, Das, 555 Yyatt, Thomas C., 437
Württembergische Reserve-Inf.-Regiment Nr. Zurlinden, Général, 1016
Index 195
Zusammenbruch. Die Tragödie des

deutschen Feldheers, 835
Zwehl, General von, 1017-18
About the Author
FRED R. VAN HARTESVELDT holds a PH.D. in history from Auburn Uni-

versity. He has published five other books, most recently The Boer War. He is
the editor of the Journal of the Georgia Association of Historians and in 2000
held a Georgia Governor's Teaching Fellowship. He is also Secretary-Treasurer
of the Southern Conference on British Studies.

Fred R. Van Hartesveldt - The Battles of The British Expeditionary Forces, 1914-1915 - Historiography and Annotated Bibliography (Bibliographies of Battles and Leaders) - Praeger (2005) PDF

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Fred R. Van Hartesveldt - The Battles of The British Expeditionary Forces, 1914-1915 - Historiography and Annotated Bibliography (Bibliographies of Battles and Leaders) - Praeger (2005) PDF

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Fred R. Van Hartesveldt - The Battles of The British Expeditionary Forces, 1914-1915 - Historiography and Annotated Bibliography (Bibliographies of Battles and Leaders) - Praeger (2005) PDF

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

What is the purpose and structure of the document?

What is the purpose and structure of the document?

What topics are covered in the 'Historiography' section?

What topics are covered in the 'Historiography' section?

THE BATTLES OF

The Inchon Landing, Korea, 1950: An Annotated Bibliography

The Southwest Pacific Campaign, 1941–1945: Historiography and Annotated

The Solomon Islands Campaign, Guadalcanal to Rabaul: Historiography and Annotated

Fred R. van Hartesveldt

Bibliographies of Battles and Leaders, Number 25

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data is available.

Copyright © 2005 by Fred R. van Hartesveldt

All rights reserved. No portion of this book may be

First published in 2005

Praeger Publishers, 88 Post Road West, Westport, CT 06881

Printed in the United States of America

The paper used in this book complies with the

2. The Battles of 1914 5

3. The Battles of 1915 13

available. Thus an understanding of the future difficulties of the forces on the

The Battles of 1914

the commander-in-chief. Unfortunately, Lieutenant-General Sir Archibald Murray,

supporting his flanks as promised. Worse, French units appeared to be in retreat

The Battles of 1915

2 Adami, J. G. The War Story of the Canadian Army Medical Corps.

3 Adams, Bernard. Nothing of Importance: A Record of Eight Months at

4 Adams, Jack. The South Wales Borderers. London: Hamish Hamilton,

5 Adamson, Agar. Letters of Agar Adamson 1914 to 1919, Lieutenant

London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1914. The account of the

8 Adye, John. Soldiers and Others I Have Known. London: Herbert

9 Aitken, Max and Roberts, Charles G. D. Canada in Flanders: The

10 Aldrich, Mildred. A Hilltop on the Marne. London: Constable, 1915.

12 Andrews, William L. Haunting Years: The Commentaries of a War

13 Anglesey, The Marquess of. A History of British Cavalry: The Western

16 Arthur, George. Life of Lord Kitchener. 3 Vols. New York: Macmillan,

17 Arthur, George. Lord Haig. London: Heinemann, 1928. Arthur's

18 Arthur, George. Not Worth Reading. London: Longmans, Green, 1938.

19 Arthur, George and Captain Shennan. The Story of the Household

20 Arz, Arthur Albert. Zur Geschichte des Grössen Krieges, 1914-1918.

22 Ash, Bernard. The Lost Dictator: A Biography of Field Marshall Sir

24 Ashcroft, A. H. Ed. The History of the Seventh South Staffordshire

25 Ashurst, George. My Bit: A Lancashire Fusilier at War 1914-1918.

26 Asprey, Robert B. The First Battle of the Marne. Philadelphia: J. B.

27 Asprey, Robert B. The German High Command at War: Hindenburg and

excellent job of showing the problems of the German command

28 Aston, George. The Biography of the Late Marshal Foch. London:

29 Aston, George. The Great War of 1914-1918. London: Thornton

30 Atkinson, C. T. The Devonshire Regiment, 1914-1918. Exeter: Eland

31 Atkinson, C. T. History of the Royal Dragoons, 1661-1934. Glasgow:

32 Atkinson, C. T. The History of the South Wales Borderers, 1914-1918.

33 Atkinson, C. T. The Queen's Own Royal West Kent Regiment, 1914-

34 Atkinson, C. T. The Seventh Division, 1914-1918. London: John

descriptions of battles in 1914-15 starting with 1st Ypres. It is,

35 Atkinson, C. T. and D. S. Daniell. Regimental History of the Royal

36 Atteridge, A. Hilliard. History of the 17th (Northern) Division. Glasgow:

37 Atteridge, A. Hilliard. Marshal Ferdinand Foch: His Life and His

38 Auld, S. J. M. Gas and Flame. New York: George H. Doran, 1918.

39 Azan, Paul. Franchet D'Esprey. Paris: Flamnmarion, 1949. Franchet