Biogas Power Plant
Biogas Power Plant
Biogas Power Plant
into
Watts
Hydrolysis
Monomers & Oligomers
Acidogenesis
Organic Acids
Acetogenesis
Acetate – H2 / CO2
Methanogenesis
CH4 + CO2
LIQUEFACTION GASIFICATION
PHASE PHASE
COMPLEX
SIMPLE ACETATE
ORGANIC
ORGANICS H2 / CO2
MATTER
ACIDOGENS METHANOGENS
Animal husbandry
Crop harvesting
Industrial processing CO2
H2O
Human consumption
Energy Biofertilizer
crops Electrical and/or
thermal energy
*(2008)
Contd…
electricity turbine
Facts need to keep in mind….
• Biogas can be burned and used as a heat source (produce hot air,
hot water or steam).
Sr.No
Biomethane Methane
1. Limited supply Unlimited supply
2. Renewable Not renewable
3. Good for environment Not good for environment
4. Biomethane recovery, Natural gas sold by the gas
use and production company does NOT generate
generates "Greentags" or these incentives and new
a "Renewable Energy revenue streams.
Credit" for the owners.
Basic Concept: How biogas is
converted into electricity in engines
Biogas as fuel
- Electromechanical device
- Convert mechanical energy
into AC electric energy
- also known as AC generators
- based on Faraday's law of
electromagnetic induction
To alternator
Alternator
Biogas Power generation
through
dual-fuel Engine
Caterpiller 3406
Advanced Reciprocating Engine System
Engine
Engine control Generator
Heat recovery - panel
heat exchanger
Process flow diagram of CPH in Genset
Typical CHP flow diagram
Engine hot
water circuit Exhaust
Exhaust heat
exchanger
Building hot
water return
Secondary heat
exchanger
Engine hot Building hot
water circuit water feed
Biogas plants in India
*APITCO Survey
Power generation Potential in Distillery
Units
• 1 litre alcohol distilled 15 litre wastewater
• Anaerobic Digestion
1 litre wastewater 15 litre of biogas
Per litre of alcohol distilled 225 litre biogas
• No. of distilleries: Nearly 300
• Total alcohol production : 3.20 billion litres/year
• Wastewater : 45 billion litres/year
• Biogas production: 1200 million m3 biogas
• Electricity Generation: 1 M3 Biogas 2KWh
• Total electricity: 2.4 million MWh/year
.
Directory of Indian Distilleries, All India Distillers' Association.
TARGET DISTILLERIES
Alcohol 35 KL Compost
Biogas
Furnace for sale
Oil
1 MW Power
Bagasse
Boiler generation
package
Option 2 Option 1
power
966 KW (to Grid)
Hypothetical Process Flow diagram before
CDM
Raw materials
Raw Spent Wash Open
Power Distillery
35 KLPD lagoon
Steam
Alcohol
Boiler
Furnace Oil
.
MMS Steel & Power Pvt. Ltd Power Natural 3333 0.08 10 10.0
Narimanan ,T.N. Plant Gas
MMS Steel & Power Pvt. Ltd Power Natural 1666 0.08 10 5.00
Kovilkallapal, T.N. Plant Gas
Riddhi Siddhi Gluco Biols Ltd. Starch Biogas 1200 2.0 500 2.0
Gokak, Karnataka Plant
Trichy Distilleries & Chem. Ltd. Distillery Biogas 750 5.0 500 1.4
Trichy, T. N.
1.89 MW Power Generation Project Based on Biogas Produced from Starch
Industry Liquid Waste Through 100% Biogas
Engines by Riddhi Siddhi Gluco Biols Ltd., Golak, Belgaum Dist, Karnataka
Kanoria Chemicals Ltd.
Ankleshwar, Gujarat
8.25MW biogas based power project in a distillery at Banur, Dist.
Patiala, Punjab
Brihan Maharashtra Sugar Syndicate Ltd.
Akluj ,Maharashtra
A 30 tonnes/day capacity Biomethanation Plant for Power Generation
in Koyambedu Vegetable Market, Chennai
A 5500 M3 biogas plant for power generation using starch
industry waste at Phagwara, Punjab
A 1 MW Biogas Plant using distillery effluents installed at a
Sugar Mill in West Godavari District, A.P.
2.5 MW poultry litter based power generation project under
construction at Namakkal, Tamil Nadu
Biogas based power generation project (1x20kW and 1x40 kW) setup at a Dairy Farm in
Dist. Satna,
Madhya Pradesh
INDIA LYCOLS Ltd.
Kashipur,Uttaranchal
INDIA GLYCOLS Ltd.
Kashipur,Uttaranchal
8.25 MW biogas based Cogeneration power plant by M/s Chandigarh
Distillers and Bottlers Ltd., Banur, Distt. Patiala, Punjab
3 MW power generation project based on palm oil Industry Waste by
Sai Renewable Pvt. Ltd, West Godavari District, A.P
A biomethanation plant of 0.15 MW based on vegetable market and
slaughter house wastes for generation of power at Vijayawada, A.P.
5 MW power and 75 tonnes per day biofertiliser from Municipal Solid
biogas
Cooling Generator
tower
What does
each part do?
Anode: 2H ® 4H + + 4e -
2
Cathode:
4e - + 4H + + O ® 2H O
2 2
Net reaction:
2H2 + O2 2H2O
Biogas power generation through fuel cells
• A fuel cell is an electrochemical conversion device
• It produces electricity from fuel (on the anode side)
and an oxidant (on the cathode side), which react in
the presence of an electrolyte.
• The reactants flow into the cell, and the reaction
products flow out of it, while the electrolyte remains
within it.
• Stationary equipment for power generation
• Generating Fuel cells can operate virtually continuously
as long as the necessary flows are maintained
Contd..
• They consume reactant from an external source, which
must be replenished – a thermodynamically open
system.
• By contrast, batteries store electrical energy chemically
and hence represent a thermodynamically closed
system.
• Many combinations of fuels and oxidants are possible.
• A hydrogen fuel cell uses hydrogen as its fuel and
oxygen (usually from air) as its oxidant.
• Other fuels include hydrocarbons and alcohols. Other
oxidants include chlorine and chlorine dioxide.
Working of Fuel cell
Technical Feasibility of Biogas Fuelled
Fuel Cells
• Numerous demonstrations have already proven the
technical feasibility
– phosphoric acid fuel cell (PAFC) – Low Temperature
– molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) – High Temperature
– solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) – High Temperature
1 Megawatt
Fuel Cells
7. There are few moving parts. There are many moving parts, most
moving in a hot environment needing oil
and cooling
Advantages of biogas
based
power generation
Usable fuel
Useful by-products from the biogas process
Reduces Greenhouse Gas emissions
Sustainable Resource as long as we have wastes
Could fulfill the gap in the peak electricity demand and
supply
Highly possible in community and institutional biogas
plants
So, in a word…
A plethora of renewable energy is all around us, with even more ways
to make use of it.
The Three Rs of Recycling
Plus One!
Recycle Reduce
Reuse
RECOVER