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    Oral Rehydration Therapy

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    Gaurav Gupta
    This document discusses oral rehydration therapy (ORT) which treats dehydration through oral intake rather than intravenous fluids. ORT aims to correct water and electrolyte deficits and reduce mortality from conditions like cholera and diarrhea. Studies show ORT can treat 90-95% of cases. Different types of oral rehydration solutions are discussed, including their compositions and advantages. The document provides guidance on administering ORT and its role in reducing child mortality from diarrhea.

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    Oral Rehydration Therapy

    Uploaded by

    Gaurav Gupta
    336 views42 pages
    This document discusses oral rehydration therapy (ORT) which treats dehydration through oral intake rather than intravenous fluids. ORT aims to correct water and electrolyte deficits and reduce mortality from conditions like cholera and diarrhea. Studies show ORT can treat 90-95% of cases. Different types of oral rehydration solutions are discussed, including their compositions and advantages. The document provides guidance on administering ORT and its role in reducing child mortality from diarrhea.

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    Oral Rehydration Therapy

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    This document discusses oral rehydration therapy (ORT) which treats dehydration through oral intake rather than intravenous fluids. ORT aims to correct water and electrolyte deficits and reduce mortality from conditions like cholera and diarrhea. Studies show ORT can treat 90-95% of cases. Different types of oral rehydration solutions are discussed, including their compositions and advantages. The document provides guidance on administering ORT and its role in reducing child mortality from diarrhea.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    336 views42 pages

    Oral Rehydration Therapy

    Uploaded by

    Gaurav Gupta
    This document discusses oral rehydration therapy (ORT) which treats dehydration through oral intake rather than intravenous fluids. ORT aims to correct water and electrolyte deficits and reduce mortality from conditions like cholera and diarrhea. Studies show ORT can treat 90-95% of cases. Different types of oral rehydration solutions are discussed, including their compositions and advantages. The document provides guidance on administering ORT and its role in reducing child mortality from diarrhea.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 42

    Oral rehydration

    therapy
    Jervin mano
    What is oral
    rehydration therapy?
     Rehydrating a
    dehydrated
    person through
    oral route is
    called as ORT .
    AIM
     To correct the
    water
    &electrolyte
    deficiet
     To prevent
    dehydration
     Reduce mortality
    PROOF?
     A study in
    kolkatta
    showed
    90-95% of all
    cases of
    cholera
    &acute
    diarrhoea can
    be treated
     Mortality rate in cholera has been reduc
    with ors alone
    to 0.11%
    .
    from 49.3%
    PRINCIPLE
     Glucose when
    given orally
    enhances the
    intestinal
    absorption of
    salt & water.
     Thus it can
    correct
    electrolyte &
    water deficit.
    WHOM CAN IT BE
    GIVEN?

    IN WHAT
    CONDITIONS CAN
    IT BE GIVEN?
     All age groups
     All aetiologies
     All countries
    TYPES OF ORS??
     Sodium bicarbonate based
     Trisodium citrate based
     Reduced osmolarity ORS
     Super ORS
    Sodium bicarbonate
    based ORS
     Composition

    Contents (gm)
    NaCl 3.5
    Glucose 20.0
    KCl 2.5
    Sodium 2.5
    bicarbonate
    Disadvantages
     Less stable
     Stool output not
    reduced
    Trisodium
    citrate based
    ORS
    Composition

    Contents (gm)

    NaCl 3.5

    Glucose 20.0

    KCl 1.5

    Trisodiu 2.0
    m citrate
    Osmolarity
    Na + 90mM
    Cl +
    80mM
    Glucose 110mM
    K+ 20mM
    Citrate 10mM
    TOTAL 310mM
    Advantages
    More stable
    Less stool
    output in high
    output
    diarrhoea
    Tri Na
    citrate-
    increases
    intestinal
    absorption of
    Na & water
    Possible adverse
    effects
     Hyper
    tonicity in
    net fluid
    absorption
    To overcome this
    We should reduce the
    osmolarity of the ORS
    Reduced
    osmolarity
    ORS
    Composition
    Contents (gm)

    NaCl 2.6

    Glucose 13.5

    KCl 1.5

    Trisodium 2.9
    citrate
    Osmolarity

    Na + 75mM
    Cl +
    65mM
    Glucose 75mM
    K+ 20mM
    Citrate 10mM
    TOTAL 245mM
    Advantages
     Increased efficacy of ORS in non
    cholera diarrhoea
     Need for unscheduled supplement
    IV therapy in children fell by
    33%.
     Stool output decreased by 20%.
     Vomiting decreased by 30%.
     Safe & effective .
    DOSAGE &
    REQUIREMENT?
     If the child’s weight is known,
    the amount of ORS soln.for
    rehydration during the first 4hrs
    may be calculated as 75ml/kg
    DOSAGE & REQUIREMENT?

    Age <4mth 4-11m 1-2yrs 2-4yrs 5-14yr 15yrs<


    s ths s

    Wt. <5 5-7.9 8-10.9 11-15. 16-29. 30<


    (kg) 9 9

    Soln. 200-40 400-60 600-80 800-12 1200-2 2200-4


    (ml) 0 0 0 00 200 000
    HOW TO
    ADMINISTER???
     Teach the
    mother
    ORS
    RULES
     <2yrs :- give 1-2 teaspoon every
    2-3 minutes
     Older children :- offer frequent
    sips out of a cup
     Adults:- drink as much as they
    can
     Give the estimated amount
    within 4hrs
    If the child vomits??
     Wait for 10 minutes
     Give a teaspoonful every 2-3
    minutes
    If the child wants to drink more
    than the estimated amount ?

     No harm , give more


    If the child refuses to drink ?

     See whether the signs of


    dehydration has disappeared
     If yes
     Treat similar to a non dehydrated
    diarrheal child.
    If the child is breast fed ?

     Nursing +
    treatment
    with ORS
    solution
    Non breast fed infants less
    than 6 months
     Along with ORS solution give
    100-200 ml of clean water for
    first 4 hours
    Where is it
    available ?
     PHC
     Sub centers
     Hospitals
     Chemist shops
    Cost?
     Free
    How to prepare
    it ?
     Dissolve the entire contents of
    the packet in 1l of drinking
    water
     It should be used within 24
    hours
    If ORS packets are
    not available ?
     Table salt (5gm) + sugar (20gm)
    in 1l of drinking water
     Administer till
    the diarrhea
    stops
     Earlier the
    treatment is
    instituted the
    better is for
    the patient
    ORT programme
     First started in 1986-1987
     Implemented through RCH
    programme
     ORS packets are supplied by the
    central govt.
     Twice a year 150 packets of ORS
    are provided as apart of drug kit
    supplied to all sub centers in the
    country
    Theme
     Adequate nutritional care of
    child with diarrhoea
     Proper advice to mother in
    feeding
    Achievements &
    benefits
     Low cost treatment
     Treatment of the patient in their
    own homes
     Ingredients are inexpensive and
    readily available
    Achievements &
    benefits
     Drinking water is sufficient (no
    need for boiling or other means
    of sterilization)
     Breakthrough in the fight
    against cholera and other
    diarrheal diseases
     Mortality rate in cholera has
    been reduced to 0.11% from
    49.3%

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