F1472
F1472
F1472
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F 1472 – 02a
5.1.3 Form (sheet, strip, plate, bar, or wire), TABLE 2 Product Analysis ToleranceA
5.1.4 Condition (see 6.3), Tolerance Under the Minimum or
5.1.5 Mechanical properties (if applicable, for special con- Element Over the Maximum Limit
(Composition %)B
ditions),
Nitrogen 0.02
5.1.6 Finish (see 6.2), Carbon 0.02
5.1.7 Applicable dimensions including size, thickness, Hydrogen 0.002
width, or drawing number, Iron 0.10
Oxygen 0.02
5.1.8 Special tests, if any, and Aluminum 0.40
5.1.9 Other requirements. Vanadium 0.15
Yttrium 0.0006
6. Materials and Manufacture A
See AMS 2249.
B
Under minimum limit not applicable for elements where only a minimum
6.1 The various titanium mill products covered in this percentage is indicated.
specification normally are formed with the conventional forg-
ing and rolling equipment found in primary ferrous and
nonferrous plants. The alloy is usually multiple melted in arc 7.2.2 Acceptance or rejection of a heat or manufacturing lot
furnaces (including furnaces such as plasma arc and electron of material may be made by the purchaser on the basis of this
beam) of a type conventionally used for reactive metals. product analysis.
6.2 Finish—The mill product may be furnished to the 7.2.3 For referee purposes, use Test Methods E 120, E 1409,
purchaser as mechanically descaled or pickled, sandblasted, and E 1447 or other analytical methods agreed upon between
chemically milled, ground, machined, peeled, polished, com- the purchaser and the supplier.
binations of these operations, or as specified by the purchaser. 7.3 Ensure that the samples for chemical analysis are
6.3 Condition—Material shall be furnished in the annealed representative of the material being tested. The utmost care
or cold-worked condition. must be used in sampling titanium for chemical analysis
because of its affinity for elements such as oxygen, nitrogen,
7. Chemical Requirements and hydrogen. In cutting samples for analysis, therefore, the
7.1 The heat analysis shall conform to the chemical com- operation should be carried out insofar as possible in a
position of Table 1. Ingot analysis may be used for reporting all dust-free atmosphere. Cutting tools should be clean and sharp.
chemical requirements, except hydrogen. Samples for hydro- Samples for analysis should be stored in suitable containers.
gen shall be taken from the finished mill product. Supplier shall
not ship material with chemistry outside the requirements 8. Mechanical Requirements
specified in Table 1. 8.1 The material supplied under this specification shall
7.1.1 Requirements for the major and minor elemental conform to the mechanical property requirements in Table 3.
constituents are listed in Table 1. Also listed are important 8.2 Specimens for tension tests shall be machined and tested
residual elements. Analysis for elements not listed in Table 1 is in accordance with Test Methods E 8. Tensile properties shall
not required to verify compliance with this specification. be determined using a strain rate of 0.003 to 0.007 in./in./min
7.2 Product Analysis—Product analysis tolerances do not (mm/mm/min) through yield and then the crosshead speed may
broaden the specified heat analysis requirements but cover be increased so as to produce fracture in approximately one
variations between laboratories in the measurement of chemi- additional minute.
cal content. The supplier shall not ship material that is outside 8.3 For sheet and strip, the bend test specimen shall with-
the limits specified in Table 1. The product analysis tolerances stand being bent cold through an angle of 105° without fracture
shall conform to the product tolerances in Table 2. in the outside surface of the bent portion. The bend shall be
7.2.1 The product analysis is either for the purpose of made around a mandrel that has a diameter equal to that shown
verifying the composition of a heat or manufacturing lot or to in Table 3. Test conditions shall conform to Test Method E 290.
determine variations in the composition within the heat. 8.4 Number of Tests:
8.4.1 Bar, Forging Bar, Shapes, and Wire—Perform at least
one tension test from each lot. Should any of these test
TABLE 1 Chemical RequirementsA
specimens not meet the specified requirements, test two addi-
Element Composition, %
tional test pieces representative of the same lot, in the same
Nitrogen, max 0.05 manner, for each failed test specimen. The lot will be consid-
Carbon, max 0.08
Hydrogen, maxB 0.015 ered in compliance only if both additional test pieces meet the
Iron, max 0.30 specified requirements.
Oxygen, max 0.20
8.4.2 Sheet, Strip, and Plate—Perform at least one tension
Aluminum 5.5–6.75
Vanadium 3.5–4.5 and one bend test from each lot. Tension and bend property
Yttrium, max 0.005 requirements apply in both the longitudinal and transverse
TitaniumC balance
directions. Tests in the transverse direction need be made only
A
Refer to AMS 4928. on product from which a specimen not less than 8.0 in. (200
B
Billets shall have a maximum of 0.01 % hydrogen content.
C
The percentage of titanium is determined by difference and need not be mm) in length for sheet and 2.50 in. (64 mm) in length for plate
determined or certified. can be taken. Should any of these test specimens not meet the
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F 1472 – 02a
TABLE 3 Annealed Mechanical PropertiesA
Size, Nominal Diameter or Distance Yield Strength,B ElongationC in 2 in. (50 mm),
Tensile Strength,B Reduction of Area, %, minD
Between Parallel Sides, at 0.2 % Offset, or 4D or 4T, %, min
psi, (MPa), min
in. (mm) psi (MPa), min L LTE STE,F L LTE STE,F
Bars and Forgings:
Up to 2.0 (50), incl 135 000 (930) 125 000 (860) 10 ... ... 25 ... ...
Over 2.0 to 4.0 (50 to 100), incl 130 000 (895) 120 000 (825) 10 10 10 25 20 15
Over 4.0 to 6.0 (100 to 150), incl 130 000 (895) 120 000 (825) 10 10 8 20 15 15
Sheet, Strip, and Plate:
Up to 0.008 (0.2), excl 134 000 (924) 126 000 (869) ... ... ... ... ... ...
0.008 to 0.025 (0.2 to 0.6), excl 134 000 (924) 126 000 (869) 6 ... ... ... ... ...
0.025 to 0.063 (0.6 to 1.6), excl 134 000 (924) 126 000 (869) 8 ... ... ... ... ...
0.063 to 0.1875 (1.6 to 4.8), excl 134 000 (924) 126 000 (869) 10 ... ... ... ... ...
0.1875 to 4.00 (4.8 to 101.6), incl 130 000 (895) 120 000 (825) 10 10 10 20 20 15
Bending Parameters:
Up to 0.07 (1.875), incl bend factorG = 9T
Over 0.07 to 0.1875 (4.8), excl bend factorG = 10T
A
Mechanical properties for conditions other than those listed in this table may be established by agreement between the supplier and the purchaser.
B
Tensile and yield strength requirements apply in both the longitudinal and transverse directions.
C
Elongation of material 0.062 in. (1.575 mm) or greater in diameter or thickness shall be measured using a gage length of 2 in. or 4D or 4T. Elongation of material under
0.062 in. in diameter or thickness may be obtained by negotiation.
D
Applies to bar, plate, and forgings only. L = longitudinal; LT = long transverse; ST = short transverse.
E
Transverse requirements in Table 3 apply only to product from which a tensile specimen not less than 2.50 in. (63.5 mm) in length can be obtained.
F
Material tested in the short transverse direction need not be tested in the long transverse direction.
G
Bend test applicable to sheet and strip products: T = thickness of bend specimen in reference to diameter of bend. (Bend factor is the mandrel diameter.)
specified requirements, test two additional test pieces represen- other products, there will be no continuous layer of alpha case
tative of the same lot, in the same manner, for each failed test when examined at 1003 magnification.
specimen. The lot will be considered in compliance only if
both additional test pieces meet the specified requirements. 10. Certification
10.1 The supplier shall provide a certification that the
9. Special Requirements material was tested in accordance with this specification. A
9.1 The microstructure shall be a fine dispersion of the alpha report of the test results shall be furnished to the purchaser at
and beta phases resulting from processing in the alpha plus beta the time of shipment.
field. There shall be no continuous alpha network at prior beta
grain boundaries. There shall be no coarse, elongated alpha 11. Quality Program Requirements
platelets. 11.1 The producer shall maintain a quality program as
9.2 Determine the beta transus temperature for each heat by defined in ASQ C1.
a suitable method and report on the material certification if
required by the purchaser. 12. Keywords
9.3 Alpha case is not permitted for products supplied with a 12.1 metals (for surgical implants); orthopaedic medical
machined, ground, or chemically milled surface finish. For devices; titanium alloys; titanium alloys (for surgical implants)
APPENDIXES
(Nonmandatory Information)
X1. RATIONALE
X1.1 The purpose of this specification is to characterize the X1.3 This alloy exhibits similar mechanical properties to
chemical, physical, mechanical, and metallurgical properties of Specification F 136 required for the application of load-bearing
wrought annealed titanium-6aluminum-4vanadium alloy to be orthopedic implants (2-18).
used in the manufacture of surgical implants.
X1.4 This titanium base alloy, UNS R56400, has been used
X1.2 The alloy composition covered by this specification extensively in the aerospace industry since the 1950’s. Aero-
has been used successfully in human implants, exhibiting a space Material Specification AMS 4928 includes the chemical
well-characterized level of local biological response since and mechanical properties for Titanium Alloy Bars, Wire,
1983. (1, 2).10 Forgings, Rings, and Drawn Shapes 6Al-4V Annealed. Aero-
space Material Specification AMS 4911 includes the chemical
and mechanical properties for Titanium Alloy Sheet, Strip, and
10
The boldface numbers refer to references listed at the end of this standard. Plate 6Al-4V Annealed. ISO standard 5832-3, Implants for
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F 1472 – 02a
surgery–Metallic materials–Part 3: Wrought titanium different properties according to, for example, AMS 4965
6-aluminium4-vanadium alloy also describes titanium base Titanium Alloy, Bars, Wire, Forgings, and Rings 6.0Al-4.0V
alloy UNS R56400. Solution Heat Treated and Aged.
X1.5 This alloy can be solution treated and aged to achieve
X2. BIOCOMPATIBILITY
X2.1 The material composition covered by this specifica- that an acceptable level of biological response can be expected,
tion has been used successfully in contact with soft tissue and if the material is used in appropriate applications.
bone since 1983 (12).
X2.3 The material in this specification has been subjected
X2.2 No known surgical implant material has ever been to animal studies and has been shown to produce a well-
shown to be completely free from adverse reactions in the characterized level of biological response that is equal to or
human body. Long-term clinical experience of the use of the less than that produced by the reference material titanium. This
material referred to in this specification, however, has shown material has been used clinically since 1983 (1, 2, 19).
REFERENCES
(1) Dobbs, H. S., and Scales, J. T., “Behavior of Commercially Pure Between Mechanical Properties, Microstructure and Fracture Topog-
Titanium and Ti-318 (Ti-6Al-4V) in Orthopedic Implants,” Titanium raphy in Alpha & Beta Titanium Alloys,” Fractography Microscopic
Alloys in Surgical Implants, ASTM STP 796, H. A. Luckey and Fred Cracking Process, ASTM STP 600, ASTM, 1976, pp. 99–138.
Kubli, Jr., Eds., ASTM, 1983, pp. 173–186. (11) Hieronymous, W. S., Aviation Week and Space Technology, July
(2) Dobbs, H. S., and Robertson, J. L. M., “Tensile Strength, Fatigue Life 1971, p. 42.
and Corrosion Behavior of Ti-318 and Ti-550,” Titanium Alloys in (12) Stubbington, C. A., and Bowen, A. W., “Improvements in the Fatigue
Surgical Implants, ASTM STP 796, H. A. Luckey and Fred Kubli, Jr., Strength of Ti-6Al-4V through Microstructure Control,” J of Mat Sci
Eds., ASTM, 1983, pp. 227–237. 9, 1974, pp. 941–947.
(3) Semlitsch, M. F., Panic, B., Weber, H., and Schoen, R., “Comparison (13) Yoder, G. R., Cooley, L. A., and Crooker, T. W., “A Comparison of
of the Fatigue Strength of Femoral Prosthesis Stems Made of Forged Microstructural Effects on Fatigue—Crack Initiation and Propagation
Ti-Al-V and Cobalt Base Alloys,” Titanium Alloys in Surgical Im- in Ti-6Al-4V,” NRL Memorandum Report, 4758, 1982.
plants and Materials, 1983, pp. 120–135.
(14) Bowen, A. W., and Stubbington, G. A., “The Effect of Heat Treatment
(4) Cook, S. D., Georgette, F. S., Skinner, H. B., and Haddad, R. J., Jr.,
on the Fatigue Strength of Ti-6Al-4V,” Titanium Science and Tech-
“Fatigue Properties of Carbon- and Porous-Coated Ti-6Al-4V Alloys,”
nology, R. I. Joffee and H. M. Burte, Eds., Plenum Press, New York,
JBMR Vol 18, 1984, pp. 497–512.
1973.
(5) Yue, S., Pilliar, R. M., and Weatherly, G. C., “The Fatigue Strength of
(15) Bartlo, L. J., “Effect of Microstructure on the Fatigue Properties of
Porous-Coated Ti-6Al-4V Implant Alloy,” JBMR Vol 18, 1984, pp.
Ti-6Al-4V Bar,” Fatigue at High Temperature, ASTM STP 459,
1043–1058.
ASTM, 1969, pp. 144–154.
(6) Basic Design Facts About Titanium, RMI Co., Niles, OH.
(7) How To Use Titanium—Properties and Fabrication of Titanium Mill (16) Seagle, S. R., Seeley, R. R., and Hall, G. S., “The Influence of
Products, Timet, Pittsburgh, PA. Composition and Heat Treatment on the Aqueous-Stress Corrosion of
(8) Harrigan, M. J., Haplan, M. P., and Sommer, A. W., “Effect of Titanium,” Applications Related Phenomena in Titanium Alloys,
Chemistry and Heat Treatment on the Fracture Properties of Ti-6Al-4V ASTM STP 432, ASTM, 1968, pp. 170–188.
Alloy,” Titanium and Titanium Alloys Source Book, 1982, pp. 50–79. (17) Stubbington, C. A., “Metallurgical Aspects of Fatigue and Fracture in
(9) Lewis, R. E., Bjelstich, J. G., Morton, T. M., and Crossley, F. A., Titanium Alloys,” AGARD Proceedings, No. 185, 1976.
“Effect of Cooling Rate on Fracture Behavior of Mill-Annealed (18) Titanium Alloys Handbook, MCIC-HB-02 Battelle Columbus Labo-
Ti-6Al-4V,” Cracks and Fracture, ASTM STP 601, ASTM, 1976, pp. ratories and Wright Patterson Air Force Base, 1972, pp. 104:72–15.
371–390. (19) Semlitsch, M., “Titanium Alloys for Hip Joint Replacements,”
(10) Chesnutt, J. C., Rhodes, C. G., and Williams, J. C., “Relationship Clinical Materials, 2, 1987, pp. 1–13.
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F 1472 – 02a
SUMMARY OF CHANGES
Committee F04 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue (F 1472 –
02) that may impact the use of this standard.
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