1 Factories Act, 1948

This Chapter Includes

● Learning objective ● Notice by Occupier
● Object and scope of the Act ● General duties of the occupier and
● Competent Person manufacturers
● Prime mover ● Health, measures
● Transmission Machinery ● Safety measures
● Hazardous Process ● Welfare measures
● Factory ● Special Provision relating of
● Manufacturing Process Hazardous Processes
● What is not manufacturing process ● Working hours of adults
● Statutory agencies and their ● Annual Leave with wages
powers ● Employment of young person and
● Approval licensing and registration children
of factories ● Penalties and Procedures
● Power of inspector ● Compliances under the Act
Marks of Objective Questions

7.1
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Chapter at a Glance

Objective & Scope of Factories Act, 1948 :

• An Act to consolidate and amend the laws regulating labour and
factories.
• Applies to whole of India including Jammu & Kashmir.
• Objective of the Act is to ensure safety measures and promote health
and welfare of factory workers.
What is Factory as per the Act :
• Factory includes any premises including the precincts thereof, whereon
10 or more workers are working for any of the day in the preceding 12
months to carry any manufacturing process with the aid of power OR 20
or more in case the manufacturing process is carried without power.
• Excludes mines, unit of armed forces, railway running shed, hotel,
restaurants or eating places.
• Premises including precincts enlarges the scope.
• Factory includes all the length of railway line, company engaged in
construction of railway line.
• Open land engaged in the conversion of sea water into crystals of salt
will be regarded as Factory.
• Seasonal factories like sugarcane etc. will continue to remain as factory
during the off-season.
What is manufacturing process as per the Act :
∙ The term manufacturing process means any process for
⇒ Making, altering, repairing, oiling, ornamenting, fishing, packing,
washing, clearing, breaking, demolishing or otherwise treating any
article with a view to use, for sale, disposal or delivery;
⇒ Generating, transforming, transmitting power
⇒ Pumping oil, water or sewage
⇒ Printing, composing types for printing or book binding
⇒ Repairing, constructing, fishing etc of vessels or ships
⇒ Preserving or storing in cold storage.
 [Chapter ➠ 1] Factories Act, 1948 ■ 7.3

∙ Includes the following:

⇒ Laundry
⇒ Carpet beating
⇒ Process involved for pumping water
⇒ Stitching bags
⇒ Conversion of latex into rubber
⇒ Conversion of sea water into salt
⇒ Tracing & adapting on raw film
⇒ Packing & packaging into smaller units
⇒ Processes like moistening, stripping, breaking up, adaption &
packing of tobacco for use in manufacture of cigarettes
∙ Excludes the following :
⇒ Transforming & transmitting electricity
⇒ Training Institute
⇒ Exhibition of film
What is worker as per Factories Act, 1948
As per Sec. 2(1) of Factories Act, 1948, the definition of worker has following
ingredients:
• Person should be employed:
⇒ There should exist an employer employee relationship
⇒ Employer not just to control what work to be done but also the
manner in which the same shall be done.
⇒ Relationship of master and servant not necessary.
⇒ Piece rated workers who work on regular basis shall be treated as
‘workers’.
⇒ Partner or independent contractor cannot be regarded as worker.
• Employment to be direct or through some agency:
⇒ Employment should be directly by the management or through
employment agency.
⇒ There should exist a privity of contract.
• Employment should be in some manufacturing process:
⇒ Includes in its purview people directly involved in manufacturing
process but also incidental to manufacturing process.
⇒ Includes:
▸ People working in canteen
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▸ Munim in a factory.
∙ Employment may be for remuneration or not
⇒ Includes
▸ Apprentice
▸ Honorary worker
▸ Person employed on price work basis
▸ Person employed for no wages.
Enforcement of Factories Act, 1948 :
∙ State Govt is responsible for enforcement of the Act.
∙ State Govt carries administration of the Act through:
⇒ Inspecting Staff
⇒ Certifying Surgeons
⇒ Welfare Officers
⇒ Safety Officers
∙ Welfare officer to be appointed wherein 500 or more workers are
employed
∙ Safety officer to be appointed wherein 1000 or more workers are
employed
Occupier & his Role under the Factories Act, 1948 :
∙ Occupier as per Section 2(n) means a person who has the ultimate
control over the affairs of the factory.
∙ Occupier of the factory needs to give a notice to Chief Inspector:
⇒ 30 days before date of resumption of seasonal factories
⇒ 15 days before date of use of premises by occupier
∙ Where new manager is appointed, occupier to intimate within:
⇒ 7 days of appointment
∙ Contents of Notice:
⇒ Name & address of factory
⇒ Name & address of occupier
⇒ Name & address of owner
⇒ Name of manager
⇒ Address of communication
⇒ Number of Workers
⇒ Nature of manufacturing work
⇒ Total power installed
 [Chapter ➠ 1] Factories Act, 1948 ■ 7.5

∙ Occupier should ensure worker’s:

⇒ Health
⇒ Safety and
⇒ Welfare
⇒ He should make a written statement of the policy adopted by him
with respect to the aforesaid points (health, etc.) and even make the
workers aware about the same.
∙ He shall provide:
⇒ Proper maintenance of the plants so as to ensure that they are safe.
⇒ Safety arrangement with regards to use, handling and transportation
of substances.
⇒ Training and supervision.
⇒ Safe access to all places of work in the factory.
⇒ Adequate facilities and arrangements for welfare of the workers in
the factory.
Working hours as per Factories Act, 1948:
∙ Adult worker to work for 48 hours a week.
∙ Cannot be made to work for more than 9 hours a day.
∙ In case of work exceeding 9 hours, overtime at twice the normal rate
needs to be given.
∙ Needs to be given atleast half an hour break after continuous 5 hours
of work.
∙ There shall be one holiday every week.
∙ No adult worker shall work for consecutively 10 days.
∙ Child who has not completed 14 years of age shall not be employed in
factory.
∙ Where a worker has worked for 240 days, adult worker shall be entitled
to leave for 20 days.

CS Executive Programme (Module II)

OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
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2008 - Dec [7] (c) Choose the most appropriate answer from the given options in
respect of the following:
(v) A premises including precincts thereof is a 'factory' within the meaning of the
Factories Act, 1948 wherein a manufacturing process is being carried on with
the aid of power and where the number of workers working is -
(a) 10 or more workers
(b) 20 or more workers
(c) 15 or more workers
(d) 50 or more workers (1 mark)
Answer:
(a) 10 or more workers
2009 - June [7] (b) Re-write the following sentences after filling-in the blank spaces
with appropriate word(s)/figures (s):
(iii) A factory is required to appoint a welfare officer where workers are
ordinarily employed. (1 mark)
Answer:
A factory is required to appoint a welfare officer where greater than 500 or more
workers are ordinarily employed.
2009 - Dec [7] (c) Choose the most appropriate answer from the given options in
respect of the following:
(i) The 'occupier of a factory is required to appoint a Welfare Officer where:
(a) 250 workers are employed
(b) 100 workers are employed
(c) 200 workers are employed
(d) 500 or more workers are employed.

(ii) Out of the following which is not a manufacturing process:

(a) Finished goods and packing there of
(b) The making of bidis
(c) Stitching old gunny bags and making them fit for use
(d) Pumping of water from a tubewell. (1 mark each)
Answer:
(i) (d) 500 or more workers are employed
 [Chapter ➠ 1] Factories Act, 1948 ■ 7.7

(ii) (a) Finished goods and packing thereof.

2010 - June [7] (c) Choose the most appropriate answer from the given options in
respect of the following:
(ii) The occupier of a factory is required to send a written notice to the Chief
Inspector of Factories at least:
(a) 7 Days before he begins to occupy or use the premises as a factory
(b) 15 Days before he begins to occupy or use the premises as a factory
(c) 21 Days before he begins to occupy or use the premises as a factory
(d) 10 Days before he begins to occupy or use the premises as a factory.
(iii) The State Government may make rules regarding the provisions and
maintenance of a canteen for the use of workers wherein more than:
(a) 250 Workers are ordinarily employed
(b) 500 Workers are ordinarily employed
(c) 300 Workers are ordinarily employed
(d) 100 Workers are ordinarily employed (1 mark each)
Answer:
(ii) (b) 15 Days before he begins to occupy or use the premises as a factory.
(iii) (a) 250 workers are ordinarily employed.
2010 - Dec [7] (c) Choose the most appropriate answer from the given options in
respect of the following:
(ii) When a new manager is appointed for a factory, the occupier shall send to the
Inspector of Factories a notice in writing within :
(a) 7 Days
(b) 15 Days
(c) 30 Days
(d) 45 Days. (1 mark)
Answer:
(a) 7 Days
2011 - June [7] (b) Re-write the following sentences after filling-in the blank
spaces with appropriate word(s)/figure(s):
(iv) An adolescent worker shall be allowed to work only for ________
hours in a week. (1 mark)
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Answer:
48
2012 - June [7] (b) Re-write the following sentences after filling-in the blank
spaces with appropriate word(s)/figure(s):
(iii) Adolescent means a person who has completed ______ of age but not
completed his 18th year. (1 mark)
Answer:
15th year
2012 - Dec [7] (b) Re-write the following sentences after filling-in the blank spaces
with appropriate word(s)/figure(s):
(v) There must be more than__________workers in a factory for the mandatory
appointment of a safety officer. (1 mark)
Answer:
One thousand
2014 - Dec [35] As per the Factories Act, 1948 any engine, motor or other
appliance which generates or otherwise provides power is defined as —
(a) Prime mover (b) Power
(c) Transmission machinery (d) Machinery. (1 mark)
Answer:
(a) Prime mover
2014 - Dec [37] A premises including precincts thereof is a ‘factory’ within
the meaning of the Factories Act, 1948 whereon ________ are working, or
were working on any day of the preceding twelve months and in any part of
which a manufacturing process is being carried on with the aid of power or
is ordinarily so carried on; or whereon ________ are working, or were
working on a day of the preceding twelve months, and in any part of which
a manufacturing process is being carried on without the aid of power, or is
ordinarily so carried on.
(a) 10 or more workers; 20 or more workers
(b) 20 or more workers; 10 or more workers
(c) 10 or more workers; 100 or more workers
(d) 15 or more workers; 20 or more workers. (1 mark)
 [Chapter ➠ 1] Factories Act, 1948 ■ 7.9

Answer:
(a) 10 or more workers; 20 or more workers
2014 - Dec [38] As per the Factories Act, 1948 ‘adolescent’ means a person
who has completed —
(a) 18th year but not completed 21st year
(b) 15th year but not completed 18th year
(c) 16th year but not completed 18th year
(d) 15th year but not completed 21st year. (1 mark)
Answer:
(b) 15th year but not completed 18th year
2014 - Dec [39] As per section 16 of the Factories Act, 1948 the minimum
space to be allocated to each worker employed in the factory is —
(a) 12.2 cubic metres (b) 13.2 cubic metres
(c) 14.2 cubic metres (d) 15.2 cubic metres. (1 mark)
Answer:
(c) 14.2 cubic metres
2014 - Dec [41] As per section 90 of the Factories Act, 1948 the State
Government may, if it considers it expedient to do so, appoint a competent
person to inquire into the causes of any accident occurring in a factory or into
any case where a disease specified in _______ has been, or is suspected
to have been contracted in the factory.

(a) First schedule and second schedule

(b) Second schedule and sixth schedule
(c) Third schedule
(d) Fifth schedule. (1 mark)
Answer:
(c) Third schedule
2014 - Dec [42] Under section 40B of the Factories Act, 1948 in every
factory, wherein ______ or more workers are ordinarily employed, or
wherein, in the opinion of the State Government, any manufacturing process
or operation is carried on, where process or operation involves any risk of
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bodily injury, poisoning or disease, or any other hazard to health, to the

persons employed in the factory, the occupier shall, if so required by the
State Government by notification in the Official Gazette, employ such
number of _______ as may be specified in that notification.
(a) One thousand; safety officers
(b) Five hundred; health officers
(c) Four hundred; welfare officers
(d) Two hundred; inspection officers. (1 mark)
Answer:
(a) One thousand; safety officers
2014 - Dec [43] As per section 53 of the Factories Act, 1948 where, as a
result of the passing of an order or the making of a rule under the provisions
of this Act exempting a factory or the workers therein from the provisions of
weekly holidays, a worker deprived of any of the weekly holidays for which
provision is made, he shall be allowed, within the month in which the holidays
were due to him or within the two months immediately following that month,
______ of equal number to the holidays so lost.
(a) Earned leave (b) Restricted holidays
(c) Compensatory holidays (d) Accumulated leave. (1 mark)
Answer:
(c) Compensatory holidays

2014 - Dec [45] As per section 48 of the Factories Act, 1948 in every factory
wherein more than _______ women workers are ordinarily employed, the
facility of suitable room or rooms should be provided and maintained for the
use of children under the age of _______ of such women.
(a) 30; six years (b) 50; five years
(c) 75; seven years (d) 100; five years. (1 mark)
Answer:
(a) 30; six years
2014 - Dec [49] The ‘occupier’ of a factory under the Factories Act, 1948 is
required to appoint a Welfare Officer where number of workers employed
are —
(a) 200 (b) 300
 [Chapter ➠ 1] Factories Act, 1948 ■ 7.11

(c) 400 (d) 500 or more. (1 mark)

Answer:
(d) 500 or more.
2015 - June [1] Under the Factories Act, 1948, usually the term ‘precincts’ is known
as —
(a) A space enclosed by walls
(b) Part of factory
(c) Subsidiary of factory
(d) Walls of the factory. (1 mark)
Answer:
(a) A space enclosed by walls
2015 - June [10] Which of the following is empowered under section 41D of the
Factories Act, 1948 to appoint an Inquiry Committee in the event of the occurrence
of an extraordinary situation involving a factory engaged in a hazardous process, to
inquire into the standards of health and safety observed in the factory with a view to
finding out the causes of any failure or neglect in the adoption of any measures or
standards prescribed for the health and safety of the workers employed in the factory
—
(a) Central Government
(b) State Government
(c) Occupier of the factory
(d) Inspector of the factory. (1 mark)
Answer:
(a) Central Government
2015 - June [17] Any unpaid wages due to the workers under the Chapter VII
(annual leave with wages) of the Factories Act, 1948 can be recovered as delayed
wages under the provisions of the —
(a) Minimum Wages Act, 1948
(b) Payment of Wages Act, 1936
(c) Equal Remuneration Act, 1976
(d) Payment of Bonus Act, 1965. (1 mark)
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Answer:
(b) Payment of Wages Act, 1936
2015 - June [23] Under section 55 of the Factories Act, 1948, an adult worker shall
not work continuously for more than five hours unless he has had a rest interval of
at least —
(a) One hour
(b) 45 minutes
(c) Half an hour
(d) Two hours. (1 mark)
Answer:
(c) Half an hour
2015 - June [33] According to section 66 of the Factories Act, 1948 a woman shall
not be allowed to work in any factory except between the hours of —
(a) 6 A.M. and 7 P.M.
(b) 6 A.M. and 9 P.M.
(c) 8 A.M. and 9 P.M.
(d) 8 A.M. and 8 P.M. (1 mark)
Answer:
(a) 6 A.M. and 7 P.M.

2015 - June [41] Section 36A of the Factories Act, 1948 provides that in any
factory no portable electric light or any other electric appliance of voltage
exceeding _____________ shall be permitted for use inside any chamber,
tank, vat, pit, pipe, flue or other confined space unless adequate safety
devices are provided.
(a) 42 Volts
(b) 24 Volts
(c) 50 Volts
(d) 100 Volts. (1 mark)
Answer:
(b) 24 Volts
2015 - June [66] Section 28 of the Factories Act, 1948 provides that in a factory,
every hoist and lift shall be properly maintained and thoroughly examined by a
 [Chapter ➠ 1] Factories Act, 1948 ■ 7.13

competent person at least once in every period of —

(a) Three months
(b) Six months
(c) Nine months
(d) Twelve months. (1 mark)
Answer:
(b) Six months
2015 - Dec [12] Under section 2(d) of the Factories Act, 1948, ‘young
person’ means a person who —
(a) Is either an adult or an adolescent
(b) Has completed his eighteen years of age
(c) Is either a child or an adolescent
(d) All of the above. (1 mark)
2015 - Dec [18] According to the definition of ‘factory’ given in section 2(m)
of the Factories Act, 1948, which of the following is not included in the term
‘factory’ —
(a) Mines
(b) Railway running sheds
(c) Hotels, restaurants and eating places
(d) All of the above. (1 mark)
2015 - Dec [23] The word ‘premises’ under section 2(m) of the Factories Act, 1948
is a generic term meaning open land or land with buildings or buildings alone. The
legislature had no intention to discriminate between workers engaged in
manufacturing process in a building and those engaged in such a process on an open
land. Thus, the salt works, in which the work done is of conversion of sea water into
crystals of salt, come within the meaning of the word ‘premises’. It was observed by
the Supreme Court of India in the case of –
(a) Ardeshir H. Bhiwandiwala v. State of Bombay
(b) Bharati Udyog v. Regional Director E.S.I. Corporation
(c) Both (a) and (b) above
(d) Neither (a) nor (b). (1 mark)
2015 - Dec [27] Factory is a premise where a manufacturing process in carried on.
The process undertaken in zonal station, sub-stations and electricity generating
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stations, transforming and transmitting electricity generated at the power stations

does not fall within the definition of manufacturing process as the workmen
employed therein have no part in any manufacturing process. This view was
expressed by the Supreme Court of India in –
(a) U.P. Electricity Supply Co. v. The workmen of U.P. Electricity Supply Co.
(b) Workmen of Delhi Electric Supply Undertaking v. Management of D.E.S.U.
(c) Agra Electric Supply Co. Ltd., Agra v. Workmen of Agra Electricity Co. Ltd.
(d) None of the above. (1 mark)
2015 - Dec [32] Every occupier of factory shall ensure, so far as is reasonably
practicable, the health, safety and welfare of all workers while they are at work in the
factory. In which of the following sections of the Factories Act, 1948 has it been
provided –
(a) Clause (1) of section 7A
(b) Clause (a) of section 7B
(c) Both (a) and (b) above
(d) Neither (a) nor (b). (1 mark)
2015 - Dec [36] Provision of penalty for permitting double employment of a child by
parents or guardians has been stipulated in the Factories Act, 1948 under –
(a) Section 93
(b) Section 95
(c) Section 96
(d) Section 99. (1 mark)
2015 - Dec [41] Under section 69 of the Factories Act, 1948 before
employing a young person in the factory, a certificate has to be obtained
from certifying surgeon that such young person is fit for that work in the
factory. Who can apply for obtaining such fitness certificate:
(1) Young person himself
(2) His parent or guardian
(3) Manager of the factory
Which of the above is incorrect –
(a) Only(1)
(b) Only (2)
(c) Only (3)
 [Chapter ➠ 1] Factories Act, 1948 ■ 7.15

(d) None of the above. (1 mark)

2015 - Dec [43] Who shall be the Chairman of Site Appraisal Committee
constituted by the State Government under section 41A of the Factories
Act,1948-
(a) Inspector General of Police
(b) Principal Secretary of Environment
(c) Chief Inspector of the State
(d) None of the above. (1 mark)
2015 - Dec [45] The provision that no adult worker shall be allowed to work
in a factory for more than forty eight(48) hours in any week, is made under
which of the following sections of the Factories Act, 1948 –
(a) Section 51
(b) Section 51A
(c) Section 52
(d) None of the above. (1 mark)
2015 - Dec [52] The Factories Act, 1948 is a social legislation and it provides
for the health, safety, welfare and other aspects of the workers employed in
the factories. This view has been expressed by the Rajasthan High Court in
the case of –
(a) Sajjan Singh v. State of Rajasthan
(d) State of Rajasthan v. Union of India
(c) Ravi Shankar Sharma v. State of Rajasthan
(d) None of the above. (1 mark)

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Factories Act was enacted in the year:

(a) 1950
(b) 1948
(c) 1960
(d) 1938
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Answer:
2. Which of the following is not an objective of Factories Act :
(a) Protect interest of workers in factories
(b) Secure good working conditions
(c) Regulate the contract labourers
(d) Provide for adequate safety measures of factory workers
Answer:
3. ________or more workers carrying manufacturing process with aid of
power constitutes Factory as per Factories Act, 1948:
(a) 10
(b) 20
(c) 100
(d) 7
Answer:
4. Adult as per Factories Act, 1948 means, a person who has completed:
(a) 21 years
(b) 18 years
(c) 15 years
(d) 16 years
Answer:
5. Adolescent as per Factories Act, 1948 means, a person who has
completed but not completed years:
(a) 21 years; 25 years
(b) 18 years; 21 years
(c) 15 years; 18 years
(d) 16 years; 18 years
Answer:
6. Child as per Factories Act, 1948 means, a person who has not
completed:
(a) 21 years
(b) 18 years
(c) 15 years
(d) 16 years
 [Chapter ➠ 1] Factories Act, 1948 ■ 7.17

Answer:
7. First Schedule can be amended by notification in Official Gazette by:
(a) State Govt.
(b) Central Govt.
(c) Collector
(d) President
Answer:
8. Which of the following does not constitute a Factory as per the Act?
(a) Mine
(b) Mobile Unit of Armed Forces
(c) Hotel
(d) All of the above
Answer:
9. Which of the following are essential elements of a factory?
(a) There must be premises
(b) There must be manufacturing process carried on at the premises
(c) 10 or more workers carrying out manufacturing process with aid of
power
(d) All of the above
Answer:
10. Which of the following constitutes Manufacturing process as per
Factories Act,1948?
(a) Making or producing the article
(b) Generating & transmitting power
(c) Cold storage
(d) All of the above
Answer:
11. Which of the following does not constitute Manufacturing process as per
Factories Act,1948?
(a) Laundry & carpet beating
(b) Stitching old gunny bags
(c) Imparting training
(d) Bidi making
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Answer:
12. Which of the following does not constitute Manufacturing process as per
Factories Act,1948?
(a) Receiving news on reel in a teleprinter
(b) Exhibition of film process
(c) Finished goods & packing thereof
(d) All of the above
Answer:
13. Worker for the purpose of Factories Act, 1948 means a person
employed directly or by or through any agency, but does not include:
(a) Member of the Armed Forces of the Union
(b) Person earning more than ` 6,500
(c) Person earning less than ` 6,500
(d) Govt. officials
Answer:
14. Whether Piece-rate workers can be workers within the definition of ‘worker’ as
per Factories Act:
(a) Yes
(b) No
(c) Partially
(d) Never
Answer:
15. Which of the following is a worker as per Factories Act?
(a) Contractor
(b) Partner
(c) Independent agent
(d) Piece rated workers
Answer:
16. Which of the following is not a worker as per Factories Act?
(a) Munim
(b) Worker in canteen of the factory
(c) Worker cleaning Plant and Machinery
(d) Contractor
 [Chapter ➠ 1] Factories Act, 1948 ■ 7.19

Answer:
17. Which of the following shall be considered as worker for the purpose of
Factories Act?
(a) Person receiving remuneration
(b) Person receiving no wages
(c) Apprentice
(d) All of the above
Answer:
18. ____ shall be deemed as an Occupier in case of a Company?
(a) Company Secretary
(b) Manager
(c) Director
(d) None of the above
Answer:
19. Following cannot be regarded as Occupier of a factory?
(a) Employee
(b) Director
(c) Partner
(d) Owner
Answer:
20. Who is empowered to make rules in relation to Factories Act?
(a) Union Govt.
(b) State Govt.
(c) Collector
(d) None of the above
Answer:
21. State Governments carry out the administration of the Act through:
(a) Inspecting Staff
(b) Certifying Surgeons
(c) Welfare & Safety Officers
(d) All of the above
Answer:
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22. ______ shall be an Inspector for the purpose of Factories Act?

(a) District Magistrate
(b) Collector
(c) Chief Minister
(d) Prime Minister
Answer:
23. The powers of the inspector does not include:
(a) He can enter any place
(b) He can make examination of the premises
(c) Arrest the occupier
(d) Take possession of any such article or substance which is hazardous
Answer:

24. What is the minimum number of workers required in a factory for the mandatory
appointment of a Welfare Officer?
(a) 100 or more
(b) 500 or more
(c) Less than 750
(d) 1,000 or more
Answer:
25. What is the minimum number of workers required in a factory for the mandatory
appointment of a Safety Officer?
(a) 100 or more
(b) 500 or more
(c) Less than 750
(d) 1,000 or more
Answer:
26. If an application is made for the approval of site for construction or extension
of the factory, submitted by registered post to the State Government or the Chief
Inspector and if no reply is received ,the application stands automatically
approved within:
(a) 1 month
(b) 2 months
 [Chapter ➠ 1] Factories Act, 1948 ■ 7.21

(c) 3 months
(d) 6 months
Answer:
27. Appeal against refusal to grant permission by State Government or Chief
Inspector can be made within:
(a) 7 days
(b) 30 days
(c) 3 months
(d) 1 year
Answer:
28. An occupier is to send a written notice, containing prescribed particulars, to the
Chief Inspector atleast______________ before he begins to occupy or use a
premises as a factory:
(a) 7 days
(b) 15 days
(c) 20 days
(d) 30 days
Answer:
29. Whenever a new manager is appointed, the occupier shall send notice to the
Inspector within:
(a) 7 days
(b) 30 days
(c) 3 months
(d) 1 year
Answer:
30. The duties of an Occupier shall include:
(a) Provision and maintenance of plant and systems of work
(b) Ensuring safety and absence of risks to health
(c) Training and supervision
(d) All of the above
Answer:
31. To which authority can appeals be made if the Chief Inspector does not grant a
license to a factory?
 7.22 ■ Model Solved Scanner CSEP M - II Paper 7 (New Syllabus)

(a) State Government

(b) Central Government
(c) State Licensing Appellate
(d) Factories Commissioner
Answer:
32. The floor should be thoroughly cleaned by washing with disinfectant _________
as per provisions of Factories Act.
(a) Every day
(b) Twice a day
(c) Once in a week
(d) None of the above
Answer:
33. White wash or colour wash should be carried at least once in every period of :
(a) 14 months
(b) 12 months
(c) 36 months
(d) None of the above
Answer:
34. All doors, windows and other framework which are of wooden or metallic shall
be painted or varnished in:
(a) 1 year
(b) 3 years
(c) 5 years
(d) 10 years
Answer:
35. _________is empowered to direct any factory to adopt such methods which will
reduce the excessively high temperature:
(a) Occupier
(b) Chief Inspector
(c) Magistrate
(d) Collector
Answer:
36. Will actual injury to health necessary, if the dust or fume by reason of
 [Chapter ➠ 1] Factories Act, 1948 ■ 7.23

manufacturing process is given off in such quantity that it is injurious or

offensive:
(a) Yes, actual injury is required
(b) No, actual injury is not required
(c) Partial or total disablement is required
(d) Admission to hospital is required
Answer:
37. Minimum working space for each worker ___________ space per worker in
every workroom:
(a) 4.2 cubic meters
(b) 14.2 cubic meters
(c) 24.2 cubic meters
(d) 44.2 cubic meters
Answer:
38. Notice by Chief Inspector specifying the maximum number of workers
employed in a room needs to be posted in :
(a) English
(b) Local language understood by the majority of the workers
(c) Both (a) & (b)
(d) None of the above
Answer:
39. Drinking water should not be situated within _____ of any washing place,
urinals, spittoon, open drain carrying sullage or effluent or any other source of
contamination.
(a) 1 meter
(b) 6 meter
(c) 20 meter
(d) 100 meter
Answer:
40. The floors, walls, sanitary pan, etc., of latrines and urinals shall be washed and
cleaned with suitable detergents and/or disinfectants:
(a) Every day
(b) Twice a day
(c) Once in a week
 7.24 ■ Model Solved Scanner CSEP M - II Paper 7 (New Syllabus)

(d) None of the above

Answer:
41. No traverse part of self-acting machine in any factory and no material carried
thereon shall be allowed to run on its outward or inward traverse within a
distance of ________ cm from any fixed structure which is not part of the
machines.
(a) 20
(b) 45
(c) 50
(d) 100
Answer:
42. Punishment for non compliance with safeguards for casing of new machinery of
dangerous nature, may extend to:
(a) 6 months or with ` 5,000 or with both
(b) 3 months or with ` 500 or with both
(c) 1 month or with ` 500 or with both
(d) ` 5,000
Answer:
43. Section 27 of Factories Act, 1948 provides for prohibition of employment of
woman and children near _______
(a) Any plant & machinery
(b) Cotton openers
(c) Both of the above
(d) None of the above
Answer:
44. Hoists & lifts be properly maintained and thoroughly examined by a competent
person
(a) Once in 3 months
(b) Once in 6 months
(c) Once in a year
(d) Once in 2 years
Answer:
45. Lifting machines, chains, ropes and lifting tackles be properly maintained and
 [Chapter ➠ 1] Factories Act, 1948 ■ 7.25

thoroughly examined by a competent person

(a) Once in 3 months
(b) Once in 6 months
(c) Once in 12 months
(d) Once in 36 months
Answer:
46. _____may make rules prescribing the maximum weights which may be lifted,
carried or moved by adult men, adult women, adolescents and children employed
in factories
(a) Inspector
(b) State Government
(c) Central Government
(d) President
Answer:
47. No portable electric light or any other electric appliance of voltage exceeding
_____shall be permitted for use inside any chamber, tank, vat, pit, pipe, flue or
other confined space.
(a) 12 volts
(b) 24 volts
(c) 240 volts
(d) 480 volts
Answer:
48. At least one first-aid box or cup-board, be required for every
(a) 100 workers
(b) 150 workers
(c) 250 workers
(d) 500 workers
Answer:
49. An ambulance room should be provided and maintained by every such factory
for every
(a) 100 workers
(b) 150 workers
(c) 250 workers
 7.26 ■ Model Solved Scanner CSEP M - II Paper 7 (New Syllabus)

(d) 500 workers

Answer:
50. Occupier should make adequate and suitable arrangements for shelters or rest
rooms and lunch-room with provision of drinking water for every
(a) 100 workers
(b) 150 workers
(c) 250 workers
(d) 500 workers
Answer:

51. Suitable room or rooms should be provided and maintained by the occupier for
the use of children under the age of six years for every
(a) 10 women workers
(b) 30 women workers
(c) 50 women workers
(d) 500 women workers
Answer:
52. Where ______ workers are ordinarily employed, effective arrangements should
be made for cooling drinking water during hot weather.
(a) 100
(b) 200
(c) 250
(d) 500
Answer:
53. Employees working in canteens in industrial establishments run by Managing
Committee are not employees of
(a) Managing Committee
(b) Occupier
(c) Both of the above
(d) None of the above
Answer:
54. Which of the following provisions do not come under the ‘Welfare Chapter’ in
the Factories Act, 1948?
 [Chapter ➠ 1] Factories Act, 1948 ■ 7.27

(a) Washing facilities

(b) Drinking water
(c) Facilities for sitting
(d) First-aid appliances
Answer:
55. Which of the following committee shall be responsible for hazardous
substances:
(a) Managing Committee
(b) Site Appraisal Committee
(c) Welfare Committee
(d) Audit Committee
Answer:
56. Who shall be Chairman of Site Appraisal Committees
(a) Chief Inspector of the State
(b) Central Board
(c) Chief Minister
(d) Company Secretary
Answer:
57. Which of the following shall not be a member of Site Appraisal Committees:
(a) Representative of the Department of Environment in the State.
(b) A representative of the Meteorological Department of the Government of
India.
(c) A representative of the Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA).
(d) A representative of the Town Planning Department of the State
Government.
Answer:
58. Site Appraisal Committee shall examine an application for the establishment of
a factory involving hazardous process and make its recommendation to the State
Government within:
(a) 30 days
(b) 60 days
(c) 90 days
(d) 120 days
 7.28 ■ Model Solved Scanner CSEP M - II Paper 7 (New Syllabus)

Answer:
59. The occupier shall, at the time of registering the factory involving a hazardous
process, lay down a detailed policy with respect to the health and safety of
the workers employed therein and intimate such policy to:
(a) Collector
(b) Magistrate
(c) Chief Inspector
(d) Commissioner
Answer:
60. If the Occupier proposes to engage in a hazardous process at any time, the same
needs to be intimated within:
(a) 30 days
(b) 60 days
(c) 90 days
(d) 120 days
Answer:
61. Who has the Power to appoint Inquiry Committee:
(a) Central Government
(b) State Government
(c) President
(d) Collector
Answer:
62. Inquiry Committee shall consist of a Chairman & ____ members:
(a) 1 member
(b) 2 members
(c) 5 members
(d) 10 members
Answer:
63. Recommendations of the Inquiry Committee shall be _____in nature:
(a) Mandatory
(b) Subject to approval
(c) Advisory
(d) Supervisory
 [Chapter ➠ 1] Factories Act, 1948 ■ 7.29

Answer:
64. The maximum permissible threshold limits of exposure of chemical and toxic
substances in manufacturing processes (whether hazardous or otherwise) in any
factory shall be of the value indicated in:
(a) First Schedule
(b) Second Schedule
(c) Third Schedule
(d) Fourth Schedule
Answer:
65. Safety Committee in every factory shall be set up where a hazardous process
takes place, or where hazardous substances are used or handled, set up a
consisting _______:
(a) 100% employer representatives
(b) 100% employee representatives
(c) 25% workers & 75% management representatives
(d) 50% workers & 50% management representatives
Answer:
66. An adult worker shall be allowed to work only for _____ hours in any Week as
per Factories Act.
(a) 36 hours
(b) 48 hours
(c) 50 hours
(d) 52 hours
Answer:
67. Section 52 provides that there shall be holiday for the whole day in _________.
(a) A week
(b) 10 days
(c) 14 days
(d) None of the above
Answer:
68. No adult worker shall work for more than _____days consecutively without a
holiday for the whole day.
(a) A week
 7.30 ■ Model Solved Scanner CSEP M - II Paper 7 (New Syllabus)

(b) 10 days
(c) 14 days
(d) None of the above
Answer:
69. Compensatory holidays should be allowed either in the same month in which the
holidays became due or within next ____month.
(a) 1
(b) 2
(c) 3
(d) 4
Answer:
70. An adult worker, whether male or female shall not be required or allowed to
work in a factory for more than ______in any day.
(a) 8 hours
(b) 9 hours
(c) 10 hours
(d) 12 hours
Answer:
71. The daily maximum hours of work specified in Factories Act can be exceeded
to facilitate the change of shift and the previous approval of________is
obtained.
(a) Collector
(b) Magistrate
(c) Chief Inspector
(d) Commissioner
Answer:
72. No adult worker shall work continuously for more than ____hours unless a rest
interval of at least half an hour is given to him.
(a) 5
(b) 6
(c) 8
(d) 9
Answer:
 [Chapter ➠ 1] Factories Act, 1948 ■ 7.31

73. The State Government or subject to the control of the State Government the
Chief Inspector may provide for work continuously for more than ____hours
unless a rest interval of at least half an hour is given.
(a) 5
(b) 6
(c) 8
(d) 9
Answer:
74. The daily working hours should be adjusted in such a manner, that inclusive of
rest interval, they are not spread over more than ____ hours on any day.
(a) 9 hours
(b) 9-1/2 hours
(c) 10 hours
(d) 10-1/2 hours
Answer:
75. The limit of spread over may be extended upto _____hours by the Chief
Inspector for reasons to be specified in writing.
(a) 10 hours
(b) 10-1/2 hours
(c) 11 hours
(d) 12 hours
Answer:
76. Where a worker works in a factory for more than 9 hours in any day or more
than 48 hours in any week, he shall be entitled to wages at the rate of _____
times his ordinary rate of wages:
(a) 1.5
(b) 1.75
(c) 2
(d) 2.5
Answer:
77. Which of the following shall not be considered as ordinary rate of wages
(a) Basic wages
(b) Allowances which include the cash equivalent
 7.32 ■ Model Solved Scanner CSEP M - II Paper 7 (New Syllabus)

(c) House rent allowance

(d) Concessional sale to workers
Answer:
78. The register of adult workers to contain:
(a) The name of worker
(b) The nature of his work

(c) The group in which he is included

(d) All of the above
Answer:
79. Inspection of the register of Adult workers can be made by:
(a) Collector
(b) Magistrate
(c) Chief Inspector
(d) Commissioner
Answer:
80. If the name of any person is entered in the register of adult workers, it is
__________evidence that the person is employed in the factory.
(a) Conclusive
(b) Optional
(c) Might
(d) Never
Answer:
81. The liability to maintain register of adult workers has been imposed on the ___of
the factory.
(a) Manager
(b) Occupier
(c) Director
(d) Company Secretary
Answer:
82. Where a worker is merely present during the rest period as notified or is found
working during that period, what is the punishment prescribed in the Act?
(a) Fine of ` 1000
 [Chapter ➠ 1] Factories Act, 1948 ■ 7.33

(b) Fine of ` 500

(c) Imprisonment of 1 month
(d) No fine
Answer:
83. Women workers shall not be employed except between the hours
(a) 5 a.m. and 8 p.m.
(b) 5 a.m. and 9 p.m.
(c) 6 a.m. and 7 p.m.
(d) 6 a.m. and 9 p.m.
Answer:
84. The State Government may by a notification in the Official Gazette, vary these
limits to the extent that no woman shall be employed between:
(a) 5 a.m. and 8 p.m.
(b) 5 a.m. and 10 p.m.
(c) 6 a.m. and 7 p.m.
(d) 6 a.m. and 9 p.m.
Answer:
85. For women workers, there shall be no change of shifts except after :
(a) Weekly holiday
(b) Any other holiday
(c) Both of the above
(d) None of the above
Answer:
86. A child who has not completed ___________of age, shall not be employed in
any factory.
(a) 12 years
(b) 14 years
(c) 15 years
(d) 18 years
Answer:
87. Children completing their fourteenth year or an adolescent, shall be required to
provide :
(a) Certificate of practice
(b) Certificate of education
 7.34 ■ Model Solved Scanner CSEP M - II Paper 7 (New Syllabus)

(c) Certificate of fitness

(d) Certificate of experience
Answer:
88. The certificate of fitness to be given by:
(a) Certifying Surgeon
(b) Company Secretary
(c) Occupier
(d) None of the above
Answer:
89. To get certificate of fitness, an application to a Certifying Surgeon has to made
by:
(a) Young person himself
(b) Parent or guardian
(c) Manager of the factory
(d) All of the above
Answer:
90. The certificate of fitness is valid for a period of:
(a) 12 months
(b) 3 years
(c) Lifetime
(d) None of the above
Answer:
91. Where an adolescent has not been granted certificate of fitness, he shall
notwithstanding his age, be deemed to be _____ for all the purposes of
Factories Act?
(a) Adult
(b) Adolescent
(c) Child
(d) Occupier
Answer:
92. Penalty for using false certificate of fitness is:
(a) Fine of ` 500
(b) Fine of ` 5,000
(c) Imprisonment of 2 months or ` 1,000 or both
 [Chapter ➠ 1] Factories Act, 1948 ■ 7.35

(d) No fine
Answer:

93. What is the penalty payable by parents/ guardian for permitting double
employment of a child?
(a) ` 500
(b) ` 1,000
(c) ` 2,000
(d) ` 3,000
Answer:
94. What is the maximum number of hours that a child can be employed for as per
the Factories Act, 1948?
(a) 3½ hours in any day
(b) 4½ hours in any day
(c) 5½ hours in any day
(d) 6½ hours in any day
Answer:
95. Where a worker has worked for a minimum period of 240 days or more in a
factory during any calendar year, an adult is entitled to leave with wages on the
following basis:
(a) One day for every 10 days of work
(b) One day for every 15 days of work
(c) One day for every 20 days of work
(d) One day for every 30 days of work
Answer:
96. Where a worker has worked for a minimum period of 240 days or more in a
factory during any calendar year, a child is entitled to leave with wages on the
following basis:
(a) One day for every 10 days of work
(b) One day for every 15 days of work
(c) One day for every 20 days of work
(d) One day for every 30 days of work
 7.36 ■ Model Solved Scanner CSEP M - II Paper 7 (New Syllabus)

Answer:
97. If any worker does not avail any earned leave entitled to him during the calendar
year, it can be carried forward to the next calendar year subject to the maximum
of ____ days for an adult worker.
(a) 15
(b) 30
(c) 40
(d) 60
Answer:
98. If any worker does not avail any earned leave entitled to him during the calendar
year, it can be carried forward to the next calendar year subject to the maximum
of ____ days for a child worker.
(a) 15
(b) 30
(c) 40
(d) 60
Answer:
99. In case a worker is employed in a public utility service, the application for leave
with wages shall be made at least _____in advance.
(a) 30 days
(b) 15 days
(c) 7 days
(d) 1 day
Answer:
100. The annual leave with wages cannot be availed for more than ___times during
any year.
(a) 2
(b) 3
(c) 5
(d) 7
Answer:
101. Application to avail annual leave with wages for illness purposes can be made
at least _____in advance.
(a) 30 days
 [Chapter ➠ 1] Factories Act, 1948 ■ 7.37

(b) 15 days
(c) 1 day
(d) None of the above
Answer:

102. Wages during the leave period shall not include:

(a) Dearness Allowance
(b) Cash equivalent
(c) Bonus
(d) All of the above
Answer:
103. An adult worker has been allowed leave for not less than ____days, wages due
for the leave period should be paid in advance.
(a) 4
(b) 5
(c) 6
(d) 7
Answer:
104. A child worker has been allowed leave for not less than ____days, wages due
for the leave period should be paid in advance.
(a) 4
(b) 5
(c) 6
(d) 7
Answer:
105. What is the penalty if there is any contravention of any of the provisions of
Factories Act?
(a) ` 50,000 or 6 months imprisonment or both
(b) ` 50,000 or 1 year imprisonment or both
(c) ` 50,000 or 2 years imprisonment or both
(d) ` 1,00,000 or 2 years imprisonment or both
Answer:
 7.38 ■ Model Solved Scanner CSEP M - II Paper 7 (New Syllabus)

106. What is the minimum penalty if there is any contravention of any of the
provisions of Factories Act by a person who has already been convicted?
(a) ` 1,00,000 or 2 years imprisonment or both
(b) ` 1,00,000 or 3 years imprisonment or both
(c) ` 2,00,000 or 2 years imprisonment or both
(d) ` 2,00,000 or 3 years imprisonment or both
Answer:
107. What is the minimum penalty if there is any contravention of the provisions of
Factories Act which has resulted in an accident causing death?
(a) ` 5,000
(b) ` 25,000
(c) ` 50,000
(d) ` 1,00,000
Answer:
108. What is the penalty if there is any contravention of the provisions of Factories
Act which has resulted in an accident causing serious bodily injury?
(a) ` 5,000
(b) ` 25,000
(c) ` 50,000
(d) ` 1,00,000
Answer:
109. What is the penalty for obstructing Inspector under the Factories Act?
(a) ` 5,000 or 6 months imprisonment or both
(b) ` 10,000 or 6 months imprisonment or both
(c) ` 50,000 or 6 months imprisonment or both
(d) ` 1,00,000 or 6 months imprisonment or both
Answer:
110. What is the penalty for using false certificate of fitness under the Factories
Act?
(a) ` 1,000 or 2 months imprisonment or both
(b) ` 10,000 or 6 months imprisonment or both
(c) ` 50,000 or 6 months imprisonment or both
(d) ` 1,00,000 or 6 months imprisonment or both
 [Chapter ➠ 1] Factories Act, 1948 ■ 7.39

Answer:
111. Who shall be responsible for the provision and maintenance of common
facilities in any premises where separate building are being leased out by the
owner to different occupiers for use as separate factories?
(a) Owner of the premises
(b) Owner of separate factories
(c) Both of the above
(d) None of the above
Answer:
112. What does the Schedule III of Factories Act, 1948 contains?
(a) Provisions of Factories Act
(b) List of specified industries
(c) List of Hazardous industries
(d) List of notified diseases
Answer:
113. In case of seasonal factories, occupier needs to give notice of resumption of
activities to Chief Inspector before:
(a) 7 days
(b) 14 days
(c) 21 days
(d) 30 days
Answer:
114. The notice sent by the occupier to the Chief Inspector has the following
contents other than:
(a) Name & address of factory & occupier
(b) Total rated horse power installed
(c) Profitability of last 2 years
(d) Number of workers
Answer:
115. Whether seasonal factories will be considered factory as per Factories Act,
1948 during the off season?
(a) Yes
(b) No
 7.40 ■ Model Solved Scanner CSEP M - II Paper 7 (New Syllabus)

(c) Partially
(d) Never
Answer:
116. Cutting of woods or converting woods into planks constitute manufacturing
activity:
(a) Yes
(b) No
(c) Partially
(d) Never
Answer:
117. As per the Factories Act, 1948, all workers are employees but all employees
may not be worker
(a) Yes
(b) No
(c) Partially
(d) Nearly
Answer:

Answer

1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (a) 4 (b) 5 (c) 6 (c)

7 (a) 8 (d) 9 (d) 10 (d) 11 (c) 12 (d)
13 (a) 14 (a) 15 (d) 16 (d) 17 (d) 18 (c)
19 (a) 20 (b) 21 (d) 22 (a) 23 (c) 24 (b)
25 (d) 26 (c) 27 (b) 28 (b) 29 (a) 30 (d)
31 (a) 32 (c) 33 (a) 34 (c) 35 (b) 36 (b)
37 (b) 38 (c) 39 (b) 40 (c) 41 (b) 42 (b)
43 (b) 44 (b) 45 (c) 46 (b) 47 (b) 48 (b)
 [Chapter ➠ 1] Factories Act, 1948 ■ 7.41

49 (d) 50 (b) 51 (b) 52 (c) 53 (b) 54 (b)

55 (b) 56 (a) 57 (c) 58 (c) 59 (c) 60 (a)
61 (a) 62 (b) 63 (c) 64 (b) 65 (d) 66 (b)
67 (a) 68 (b) 69 (b) 70 (b) 71 (c) 72 (a)
73 (b) 74 (d) 75 (d) 76 (c) 77 (c) 78 (d)
79 (c) 80 (a) 81 (a) 82 (d) 83 (c) 84 (b)
85 (c) 86 (b) 87 (c) 88 (a) 89 (d) 90 (a)
91 (c) 92 (c) 93 (b) 94 (b) 95 (c) 96 (b)
97 (b) 98 (c) 99 (a) 100 (b) 101 (d) 102 (c)
103 (a) 104 (b) 105 (d) 106 (d) 107 (b) 108 (a)
109 (b) 110 (a) 111 (a) 112 (d) 113 (d) 114 (c)
115 (a) 116 (a) 117 (a)

Recent Case Laws

Case Law Decision

1 Ravi Shankar Sharma Factories Act is social legislation and provides for
Vs health, safety, welfare and other aspects of the
State of Rajasthan workers in the factories.

2 Ardeshir H Open land engaged in the conversion of sea water

Bhiwandiwala into crystals of salt will fall within the purview of
Vs premises & hence be regarded as Factory.
State of Bombay
7.42 ■ Model Solved Scanner CSEP M - II Paper 7 (New Syllabus)

3 Employers Seasonal factories like sugarcane etc will not cease

Association of to be factory during the off-season.
Northern India
Vs
Secretary for Labour,
UP Govt

4 VP Gopala Rao Processes like moistening, stripping, breaking up,

Vs adaption & packing of tobacco for use in
Public Prosecutor manufacture of cigarettes amounts to
manufacturing.

5 Bharti Udyog Cutting of woods or converting of woods into

Vs plank constitute manufacturing process.
Regional Director
ESI Corpn.
6 Workmen of Delhi Transforming & transmitting electricity by zonal
Electric Supply & sub stations does not constitutes manufacturing.
undertaking
Vs
Management of
DSEU
7 Chintaman Rao The employer employee relationship is the ability
Vs to supervise & control the work of the employee,
State of MP not only what work to be done but also the manner
in which it shall be done.
8 Birdi Chand Sharma Piece rate workers who come on regular basis
Vs shall be regarded as workers for the purpose of
Nagpur Factories Act.
9 Shinde Employees standing outside the factory premises
Vs at the workman stands shall also be considered as
Bombay Telephones worker.
 [Chapter ➠ 1] Factories Act, 1948 ■ 7.43

10 IOC Persons appointed by Central Govt. to manage the

Vs affairs of factories are deemed to be appointed as
CIF Occupiers under the Factories Act.
11 Seshadrinatha For manufacturing process to take place, there has
Sarma to be transformation of substance and the
Vs transformed substance should be commercially
Madras H.C. marketable.
12 Alkali Metals To constitute a factory, it is necessary that
Vs manufacturing process is carried out and does not
ESI Corpn. require that process should require in substance
being manufactured.