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1) What is temperature?

Temperature is the hotness or coldness of an object. It is the degree or intensity of heat present
in a substance or object, especially as expressed according to a comparative scale and shown
by a thermometer or perceived by touch.
2) Name different types of thermometers
Digital thermometers
Digital thermometers are regarded as the fastest and most accurate type of thermometer.
Readings are taken from under the tongue, from the rectum or under the armpit.
Electronic ear thermometers
These use infrared technology to get their temperature reading. Electronic ear thermometers
are less accurate as if there is too much wax in the ear it can give an incorrect reading.
Forehead thermometers
These thermometers also read heat using infrared, and are placed on the temporal artery.
Plastic strip thermometers
These thermometers can detect the presence of a fever in a patient, however, they do not give
an exact temperature reading. They simply act as an indication that something might be wrong.
Pacifier thermometer
These thermometers are used predominantly in babies older than three months. They require
the baby to be still for a couple of minutes and this can be a struggle.
Glass and mercury thermometers
These thermometers are the old school way to take a temperature. You normally would place it
under your tongue and watch the mercury rise. Once it stops, that would be your temperature.
3) Identify and discuss different temperature scales in measuring temperature.
Fahrenheit temperature scale is a scale based on 32 for the freezing point of water and 212 for
the boiling point of water, the interval between the two being divided into 180 parts. The 18th-
century German physicist Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit originally took as the zero of his scale the
temperature of an equal ice-salt mixture and selected the values of 30 and 90 for the freezing
point of water and normal body temperature, respectively; these later were revised to 32 and 96,
but the final scale required an adjustment to 98.6 for the latter value.
Celsius temperature scale also called centigrade temperature scale, is the scale based on 0 for
the freezing point of water and 100 for the boiling point of water. Invented in 1742 by the
Swedish astronomer Anders Celsius, it is sometimes called the centigrade scale because of the
100-degree interval between the defined points.

Kelvin temperature scale is the base unit of thermodynamic temperature measurement in the
International System (SI) of measurement. The kelvin (symbol K without the degree sign []) is
also the fundamental unit of the Kelvin scale, an absolute temperature scale named for the
British physicist William Thomson, Baron Kelvin. Such a scale has as its zero point absolute
zero, the theoretical temperature at which the molecules of a substance have the lowest energy.

4) Explain absolute temperature


Absolute temperature, also called thermodynamic temperature, is the temperature of an object
on a scale where 0 is taken as absolute zero. Absolute temperature scales are Kelvin (degree
units Celsius) and Rankine (degree units Fahrenheit).
Common temperatures in the absolute scale are:
0 °C (freezing point of water) = 273.15 K
25 °C (room temperature) = 298.15 K
100 °C (boiling point of water) = 373.15 K
0K (absolute zero) = - 273.15 Celsius
232.15K(equal measures in Celsius and Farenheit)=-41 Celsius

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