Load Combinations Section 12
Load Combinations Section 12
Load Combinations Section 12
For all the following Load combinations along with combination rules, Reference shall be
made to Table B.1 to B.4 of Annex B of IRC: 6-2017 including its amendments till date i.e
July 19.
The partial factors and combinations are summarized in below table according to Annex B,
Table B of IRC:6-2017.
Notes to Ultimate Limit States – Equilibrium and Structural Strength Combination Tables
** In case stress exceed limit of 0.36 fck, non-linear creep shall be considered.
Pre-cast segments
For Epoxy jointed precast segmental superstructure with internal bonded tendons as well as
external bounded tendons, design criteria at joints alone segment shall be as per IRC SP:65-
2018.
Usual design requirements as per IRC 112:2011 shall be exercised for superstructure portions
between the consecutive joints.
As per IRC 112 in addition to it requirements of IRC SP:65-2018 shall be followed at
segment joint locations
Crack width
Crack width shall be calculated as per §12.3.4 of IRC: 112-2011.
Minimum reinforcement for crack control shall be as per §12.3.3 of IRC:112
The crack width limit shall be verified for service limit state and combination as given in
below table.
Recommended values of maximal crack width Wmax
For members where both bonded & un-bonded tendons used for pre-stressing, requirements
for bonded tendons shall apply.
For crack width limit check in any load combination with temperature gradient action, the
resulting section forces shall be calculated using gross concrete section properties.
Epoxy jointed precast segmental superstructures with internal bonded tendons or external
unbonded tendon.
Partial Safety factors shall be followed as per Table 3.2 of IRC:6. Any helping effect of
bearing resistance developed through the shear keys shall be ignored.
While calculating joint capacity of sections with internal bonded tendons, depth of the section
actually in compression under the relevant ULS load combination shall be considered and the
prestressing taken at its relevant CG.
Types of joints inprecast segmental bridges shall either be cast-in-situ stich or match cast
epoxied joints.
******************************************************************************************
*************************************
Concrete Strength
The characteristic compressive cube strength is given in the following table.
Concrete Characteristics
The characteristics of the concrete are the following:
Concrete characteristics
Concrete grade, fck [MPa] 35 40 45 50 55
Ecm (Gpa) 32 34 35 37 39
fcm 3.5 3
Cover
Based on exposure and concrete grade, the minimum cover to reinforcement for various
components of the structure is defined in Table 13-4:
For post tensioned tendons the minimum clear cover measure form the outside of the
sheathing shall be 75 mm.
Steel reinforcement
The property of reinforcing steel, conform to IS: 1786 (as per Table 18.1 of IRC: 112- 2011),
is mentioned in Table 13-5.
Property of Reinforcement
Grade HYSD Fe 500D HYSD Fe 550D
12 x 10-6 / ºC 12 x 10-6 / ºC
Thermal co-efficient (α)
16 14.5
Minimum elongation (%)
Elongation at maximum load
5 5
εuk (%)
The following diameters of bars can be used [mm] 8, 10, 12, 16, 20, 25, 32 & 36 with a single
bar length of 12m.
Prestressing steel
The material properties of prestressing steel are as summarized in below tables as per §6.3
and Table 18.2 to 18.5 of IRC:112. Material specifications for strands as per IS: 14268 shall
apply. Material specifications for bars as per IS: 2090 shall apply.
Other properties
Other properties of prestressing steel are as summarized in below tables
Prestressing Steel, Strands
Losses due to friction and wooble shall be calculated based on equation 7.6 of IRC-
112:2011.
Long term losses for concrete creep and shrinkage shall be as per clause 6.4.2.6 and 6.4.2.7
IRC-112:2011.
Relaxation loss shall be as per clause 6.3.6 of IRC: 112-2011 The value of early age
relaxation should be modified based on Annexure A-2.11 and A-2.12 of IRC-112:2011 due to
an initial temperature higher than 40°C.
Long term relaxation losses will be taken as 3 times the 1000 hrs value measured at initial
stress of 0.7fpk.
Sheathing Ducts
Corrugated HDPE sheathing ducts conforming to the requirements spelt out in clause 13.4.3
of IRC: 112 – 2011 shall be used. The sheathing diameter shall conform to the
manufacturer’s recommendations for the type of cables used. The wall thickness of duct shall
be 4mm for internal diameter of 100-125mm cables. The ducts shall be corrugated on both
sides.
Structural Steel
The material properties of structural steel are as summarized in below table as per §602 of
IRC:22 Appendix A.§502 of IRC:24 Appendix A.and Table 2 of IS:2062Appendix A..
Material specifications as per IS: 2062 Appendix A.shall apply.
Resistance of connection
a) Bolts-friction type γmf
1.25
b) Bolts – bearing type γmb
c) Rivets γmr
d) Welds γmw
Note
1) Shop fabrication. In case of field fabrication 1.50.