13. Ong and Jang Chuan vs. Wise and Co. Art.

1460
26. Raza Appliance center vs. Villaraza Art. 1475
39. Alliance Tobacco vs. Phil. Virginia Art. 1480
60. Garcia vs Velasco Art. 1542
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ONG JANG CHUAN,

The contract which forms the basis of this action reads:

Between Messrs. Wise & Co. (Ltd.), Manila, and Mr. Ong Jang Chuan, Manila.

We Wise & Co. (Ltd.), have sold to Mr. Ong Jang Chuan the following goods, on this 29th day of July, 1914:

One thousand (1,000) sacks of flour, "Mano" brand, at the net price of P11.05 (eleven pesos and five centavos) per barrel, the expenses of
transportation from the Binondo Canal to be borne by the purchaser, 500 sacks to be delivered in September and 500 in October, which we
bind ourselves to deliver ... for which we shall receive a commission of ... per cent of the total amount. Payment of the goods mentioned shall
be made within 30 days counted from the date of delivery, and interest at rate of ... per annum on any unpaid amount that may still be due
after the ... days mentioned.

The pertinent facts, as found by the trial court, are these:

It has been established by a preponderance of evidence that the reason for the nonfulfillment, on the part of Wise & Co., of the contract made
with the plaintiff, was that the "Mano" brand of flour which the defendant bound itself to deliver during the months of September and October
had to come from Australia, and at the time the contract was executed Wise & Co. did not have a sufficient stock of the said brand of flour; and
that, as the government of Australia prohibited the exportation of flour, because of the scarcity of grain in that country, due to the war that had
been declared between Great Britain, of which Australia is an integral part and the German Empire, it was impossible for the importers to
supply Wise & Co. with a sufficient quantity of flour to enable the latter, in turn, to serve its customers.

It is urged that the trial court erred (1) in holding that the contract above set forth was an agreement to sell and not a perfected sale, (2) in not finding
that the noncompliance of the contract was due to a fortuitous event, and (3) in condemning the defendant to pay to the plaintiff the sum of P1,237.50.

In the argument, as appears in defendant's printed brief filed in this court, the third alleged error is made dependent upon the result of the first and
second, or, in other words, it is not insisted that the judgment is excessive or that the plaintiff has not established that he is entitled to P1,237.50, in case
he is entitled to any amount. Neither does counsel contend that the defendant is relieved from all liability for the noncompliance with the contract on
account of the order of the Australian government prohibiting the exportation of flour if the sale is not a perfected one. As thus presented, our inquiry is
limited to the determination of the question whether or not the contract and the facts found show a perfected sale.

In the case of Yu Tek & Co. vs. Gonzales (29 Phil. Rep., 384) we said:

This court has consistently held that there is a perfected sale with regard to the "thing" whenever the article of sale has been physically
segregated from all other articles.

In the case under consideration, the undertaking of the defendant was to sell to the plaintiff 1,000 sacks of "Mano" flour at P11.05 per barrel, 500 sacks
to be delivered in September and 500 in October. There was no delivery at all under the contract. If called upon to designate the article sold, the
defendant could only say that it was "Mano" flour. There was no appropriation of any particular lot of flour. The flour mentioned in the contract was not
"physically segregated from all other articles.' In fact, the defendant did not have in its possession in Manila, at the time the contract was entered into,
the 1,000 sacks of flour which it agreed to deliver in September and October. It is therefore clear that under the rule laid down in the case of Yu Tek &
Co., supra, and the case cited in that opinion, the sale here in question was not a perfected one.

For the foregoing reasons, the judgment appealed from is affirmed, with costs against the appellant. So ordered.

RAZA appliance

On November 21, 1979, petitioner Raza Appliance Center of Dipolog City issued a purchase order addressed to R.A. Uy Appliance Center of Cagayan de
Oro City directing the latter to furnish the petitioner one Weinstein Accousticon Piano worth P7,710.00. The order was honored by respondent R.A. Uy
Appliance Center which issued a delivery receipt for the item.

Upon the alleged refusal of Raza to pay for the piano inspite of repeated demands mady by Uy, the later filed a complaint for collection and/or sum of
money on January 19, 1981 with the City Court of Cagayan de Oro City. The complaint was docketed as Civil Case No. 7612 of the respondent court for
lack of merit. Hence, this petition was filed.

Section 1(b) of Rule 4 provides:

(b) Personal actions. — All other civil actions in inferior courts shall be brought:

(1) In the place specified by the parties by means of a written agreement, whenever the court shall have jurisdiction to try the action
by reason of its nature or the amount involved;

(2) If there is no such agreement, in the place of the execution of the contract sued upon as appears therefrom;

(3) When the place of execution of the written contract sued upon does not appear therein, or the action is not upon a written
contract, then in the municipality where the defendant or any of the defendants resides or may be served with summons.

The petitioner and respondent are agreed that they have no written agreement specifying where the action arising out of an alleged violation of the
contract should be filed.

The issued is whether or not to apply the second paragraph on "the place of execution of the contract sued upon as appears therefrom."

There are two documents evidencing the transaction.

Annex A of the complaint is a purchase order on a printed form of Raza Appliance Center directed to the private respondent asking that Raza furnished
the piano as described in the order. The purchase order form understandably carries the address of Raza in Dipolog City.

Annex B is the delivery receipt on a printed form of R.A. Uy Appliance Center directed to the petitioner stating the delivery of the piano. The printed
receipt carries the address of the privcate respondent in Cagayan de Oro City.

Where was the contract of sale executed?

Petitioner Raza Appliance Center contends that:

The contract "sued upon", no doubt, is none other than the purchase order marked as Annex A to the complaint. But as has already
been stated, there is nothing in said document to point out the place of execution of the contract. Indeed the said Annex A points and
indicates clearly the residence of the petitioner which is Dipolog City, in the same manner that the residence of the private
respondent is very well noted as Cagayan de Oro City. It is precisely for this reason why the rule insists on the phraseology "in the
place of execution of the contract sued upon as appears therefrom." When the place of the execution of the contract does not appear
on its face then the Rule says in the municipality where the defendant or any of the defendants resides or may be served with
summons.

On the other hand, respondent R.A. Uy appliance Center states that the place of execution of the contract sued upon is Cagayan de Oro. It argues.

xxx xxx xxx

The reason being that the unilateral act merely of petitioner of preparing in Dipolog City the purchase order, that it relied so much in
the instant petition, partaking as it does, simply of an order, offer or proposal to buy, did not and cannot yet give rise to a valid
contract for without the conformity of the other party, the same was still wanting of the meeting of the minds of the parties, that
negates the essential element of a contract.

That is why petitioner had to address its purchase order to private respondents in Cagayan de Oro City where it could obtain the
latter's conformity and ascertain whether or not its order could be granted and finally executed by its delivery.

The fact that private respondent issued a delivery receipt in Cagayan de Oro City itself clearly indicates that it conformed to
petitioner's order only in Cagayan de Oro City.

Consequently, it is only in Cagayan de Oro City where the meeting of the minds of the parties took place, where the elements of a
valid contract were complied with, and the agreement of the parties finally executed by its deliver. It is incidentally in Cagayan de
Oro City where ownership was transferred, as in obedience to law and jurisdiction, it is delivery that generally transfer ownership
(Art. 1496, New Civil Code).

Execution is not limited to signing alone, as when petitioner prepared and signed its purchase order. "Execution imports," includes
or involves deliver. (Miller vs. Ja nsen, 21 Cal. 2d 473, 132 P. 2d 801, 802; McCarthy Co. vs. Commissioner of Internal Revenue,
C.C.A. 9, 80F. 2d 618, 620; Stocks vs. Luzer, 232 Ala. 482, 168 So 877, 878; p. 678 Black Law Dictionary, 4th ed)

We agree with the private respondent. The respondent court did not act without jurisdiction or with grave abuse of discretion. The petition has no merit.

The purchase order is not, as contended by the petitioner, the contract sued upon. By itself, it was only an offer to buy. Under Article 1475, the contract of
sale is perfected at the moment there is a meeting of minds upon the thing which is the object of the contract and upon the price. In Philippine Virginia
Tobacco Administration v. De los Angeles (87 SCRA 197, 210) this Court, speaking through the Senior Associate Justice and now Chief Justice Enrique
M. Fernando, emphasized that this has been the rule since the 1902 decision of Irureta v. Tambunting (1 Phil. 490) and cited subsequent cases adhering
to the doctrine. (Cf. Barretto v. Santa Marina, 26 Phil. 200 [1913]; Cruzado v. Bustos and Escaler, 34 Phil. 17 [1916]; Ocejo, Perez and Co. v. International
Banking Corp., 37 Phil. 631 [1918]; Warner, Barnes and Co. v. Inza, 43 Phil. 505 [1922]; Earnshaw Docks vs. Collector of Intenal Revenue, 54 PHil. 696
[1930]; Chua Ngo v. Universal Trading Co., Inc., 87 Phil. 331 [1950]; and Soriano v. Latoño, 98 Phil. 757 [1950]).

The meeting of minds took place in Cagayn de Oro City when the vendor received the purchase order, agreed to its terms, and acted upon it. As a matter
of fact, it was not alone the meeting of minds but also the consummation of the contract which happened in Cagayan de Oro. The petitioner's
representative received the piano at Cagayan de Oro and assumed the responsibility and expenses of bringing it to Dipolog City. He signed the delivery
receipt at Cagayan de Oro.

Under the circumstances of this case, the documentsw evidencing the contract show the place of execution to be Cagayn de Oro City. The purchase order
(Exhibit A) was an offer to buy directed to R.A. Uy Appliance Center with address at Cagayan de Oro City. It was brought to the latter city to be acted
upon at that place. The delivery receipt (Exhibit B) indicates the acceptance of the offer and the delivery of the piano also at Cagayan de Oro City. The
entry on the delivery receipt showing that the purchased item was delivered to Raza Appliance Center of Dipolog City merely indicates the name and
address of the buyer but not the place of the execution of the contract.

WHEREFORE, the petition is hereby dismissed for lack of merit. The temporary restraining order dated October 28, 1981 is set aside. Costs against the
petitioner.