Sonel Analysis 4 Manual v4.3.0 GB PDF
Sonel Analysis 4 Manual v4.3.0 GB PDF
Sonel Analysis 4 Manual v4.3.0 GB PDF
SONEL ANALYSIS 4
software
Applies to power quality analyzers:
PQM-700, PQM-701(Z, Zr), PQM-702(A, T),
PQM-703, PQM-707, PQM-710, PQM-711
SONEL S.A.
Wokulskiego 11
58-100 Świdnica, Poland
Note:
Due to continuous development of our software, the actual appearance
of some screens may slightly differ from that presented in this operating
manual.
This manual describes the software and devices in the following versions:
Sonel Analysis – v4.3.0
PQM-700 – v1.10
PQM-701Z/Zr – v1.16
PQM-702, PQM-703, PQM-710, PQM-711 – v1.32
PQM-707 – v1.15
MPI-540 – v1.04
Note:
The latest version of the software may be downloaded from our website:
www.sonel.pl.
Note:
Detailed information about the analyzer functions may be found in the
operating manuals of specific analyzers.
The icon with the analyzer name (here: PQM-700) is placed next
to sections of the text that refer to specific features of the analyzer,
particularly to availability/unavailability of a given program function.
2
1 Installing and starting the program
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 Installing and starting the program ...........................................................5
1.1 Minimum hardware requirements ........................................................................ 5
1.2 Installation of the program ................................................................................... 5
1.3 Starting the program ........................................................................................... 8
2 Getting started .......................................................................................... 10
2.1 Connecting with the analyzer. ........................................................................... 10
2.2 Startup window.................................................................................................. 14
2.3 Analyzer settings wizard ................................................................................... 15
3 Analyzer Measurement Settings............................................................. 19
3.1 Analyzer settings ............................................................................................... 21
3.2 Measurement configuration ............................................................................... 22
3.2.1 Main Settings ............................................................................................................ 23
3.2.1.1 BASIC Tab ........................................................................................................... 23
3.2.1.2 ADDITIONAL tab.................................................................................................... 25
3.2.2 Analyzer settings according to Standard ................................................................... 27
3.2.3 Configuring the analyzer according to user settings .................................................. 31
3.2.4 VOLTAGE card ............................................................................................................ 32
3.2.4.1 BASIC Tab ........................................................................................................... 32
3.2.4.2 ADDITIONAL tab.................................................................................................... 35
3.2.5 CURRENT .................................................................................................................... 37
3.2.6 POWER AND ENERGY.................................................................................................... 38
3.2.6.1 POWER tab .......................................................................................................... 38
3.2.6.2 ADDITIONAL tab.................................................................................................... 40
3.2.6.3 ENERGY tab.......................................................................................................... 40
3.2.7 HARMONICS ............................................................................................................... 41
3.2.7.1 VOLTAGE tab ....................................................................................................... 41
3.2.7.2 CURRENT tab ........................................................................................................ 43
3.2.7.3 ADDITIONAL tab.................................................................................................... 43
3.2.8 INTERHARMONICS ........................................................................................................ 44
3.2.8.1 VOLTAGE tab ....................................................................................................... 44
3.2.8.2 CURRENT tab ........................................................................................................ 45
3.2.8.3 MAINS SIGNALLING tab .......................................................................................... 46
3.2.9 Default configuration profiles..................................................................................... 47
4 Actual Settings ......................................................................................... 48
4.1 <Time and security> card .................................................................................. 48
4.2 Probes Phase card............................................................................................ 50
4.3 Wireless connection card .................................................................................. 50
4.4 Serial connection card ....................................................................................... 52
4.5 Additional settings card ..................................................................................... 52
5 Analyzer database.................................................................................... 53
5.1 GSM connection settings .................................................................................. 55
5.2 Wi-Fi settings .......................................................................... 57
5.2.1 Configuring Wi-Fi in the access point mode. ............................................................. 57
5.2.2 Configuring Wi-Fi in client mode ............................................................................... 57
6 Live mode ................................................................................................. 60
6.1 Waveforms ........................................................................................................ 60
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Sonel Analysis 4 User Manual
6.2 Timeplots........................................................................................................... 61
6.3 Measurements .................................................................................................. 62
6.3.1 Energy costs calculator ............................................................................................. 64
6.4 Phasor diagrams ............................................................................................... 65
6.5 Harmonics ......................................................................................................... 66
6.6 Interharmonics .................................................................................................. 68
7 Data Analysis............................................................................................ 70
7.1 Reading data from the analyzer ........................................................................ 70
7.1.1 Reading data from MPI-540 and PQM-707 devices ....................... 71
7.2 Reading data directly from the memory card ............... 73
7.3 Selecting the time interval for analysis .............................................................. 74
7.4 Analyzing obtained data .................................................................................... 76
7.4.1 GENERAL view ............................................................................................................ 76
7.4.2 MEASUREMENTS view ................................................................................................... 77
7.4.2.1 Time diagram ..................................................................................................... 80
7.4.2.2 Harmonics/interharmonics graph ........................................................................ 82
7.4.2.3 Cyclic waveform plot ........................................................................................... 83
7.4.2.4 User report ......................................................................................................... 83
7.4.2.5 Generate report on compliance with standard ..................................................... 84
7.4.2.6 Report according to standard - description.......................................................... 88
7.4.2.7 Summary report .................................................................................................. 94
7.4.3 Events ...................................................................................................................... 96
7.4.3.1 Value/duration graph .......................................................................................... 98
7.4.3.2 ANSI/CBEMA graph ........................................................................................... 98
7.4.3.3 Waveform/RMS1/2 graph ................................................................................... 100
7.4.3.4 Event Report .................................................................................................... 101
7.4.4 Energy cost report .................................................................................................. 101
7.4.4.1 Types of tariffs .................................................................................................. 101
7.4.4.2 Energy cost report – description ....................................................................... 102
7.4.5 Data export ............................................................................................................. 103
8 Other program options .......................................................................... 105
8.1 Analyzer status, starting and stopping recording............................................. 105
8.2 Deleting data ................................................................................................... 106
8.3 Configuration ................................................................................................... 107
8.3.1 Main Settings .......................................................................................................... 107
8.3.2 Analyzer configuration ............................................................................................ 108
8.3.3 Live mode ............................................................................................................... 113
8.3.4 Color settings.......................................................................................................... 113
8.3.5 Data analysis .......................................................................................................... 114
8.3.6 Report settings ....................................................................................................... 114
8.3.7 Media settings ........................................................................................................ 116
8.4 Upgrading software and firmware ................................................................... 118
8.4.1 Automatic software update...................................................................................... 118
9 Manufacturer .......................................................................................... 119
4
1 Installing and starting the program
RAM 1 GB 4 GB
Note
In order to facilitate installing drivers for the analyzer, it is
recommended to install "Sonel Analysis 4" software (including
drivers as described in the following instructions) before connecting
a USB cable.
To start the installation of "Sonel Analysis 4" software, run the installation file (e.g. " Setup Sonel
Analysis 4.2.0.exe") included on the disk supplied with the analyzer or downloaded from the
manufacturer’s website www.sonel.pl.
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Sonel Analysis 4 User Manual
The screen will be displayed as shown in Fig. 1. After clicking "Next>" button read the software
license agreement and click "I agree". Then you see the history of revisions. In the next screen (Fig.
2) indicate whether the application is to be installed for all users or just for the one currently logged-
in. The next screen allows you to select installation components (Fig. 3). The following two screens
indicate the location of the installation and location of the application with the program name, which
will be visible in the Start menu. To begin the installation, press "Install".
6
1 Installing and starting the program
At the end of the software installation, the window shown in Fig. 4 will be displayed. When box
"Launch Sonel Analysis 4.2.0" is ticked, then after pressing "Finish" button, the application will be
launched.
At this point, the analyzer may be connected to a PC. The system should automatically
recognize the connected device.
If the installation was successful, the computer is ready to cooperate with the analyzer.
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Sonel Analysis 4 User Manual
On the left side, the toolbar is displayed with the program functions most commonly used. The
toolbar may be moved by 'gripping' the dots at its top. The individual icons have the following
meanings:
STARTUP WINDOW – the window which groups the most frequently used operations (analyzer
settings, data preview, reading data from the disk or analyzer). Description in sec. 2.2.
OPEN – depending on the context, it enables the user to load from the disk: the analyzer
configuration (files *.settings), saved analysis (files *.analysis), or saved recording (files
*.pqm7XX),
SAVE – depending on the context, it enables the user to save the analyzer configuration on the
disk (while editing the configuration), save raw data or present analysis files (during the
analysis),
SETTINGS – measurement configuration module of the analyzer (Sec. 3),
LIVE MODE – the mode of reading current, real-time values of mains (Sec. 6),
ANALYSIS – the module for data analysis directly from the analyzer or from the memory card
(Sec. 7),
CONTROL – window for controlling recording and changing the active measurement
configuration (Sec. 8.1),
ANALYZER DATABASE – module for managing analyzers cooperating with Sonel Analysis (Sec.5),
PROGRAM CONFIGURATION – module for configuring options of Sonel Analysis (Sec. 8.3) ,
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1 Installing and starting the program
The user may select commands from the top menu, by clicking icons with the mouse, or by
using keyboard shortcuts (they are valid in the whole program):
F2 – startup window,
F3 – analyzers base,
F4 – current analyzer settings (including time and security),
F5 – analyzer configuration,
F6 – Live mode - reading current values,
F7 – Control window,
F8 – data analysis,
F9 – Sonel Analysis settings,
CTRL+S – saves the analysis on the disk or saves a screenshot in the live mode,
CTRL+O – opening of a file stored on disk.
There are many other keyboard shortcuts. Most of them are visible in the menu next to the
name of an item.
Tip
The user may select commands using a mouse / keyboard (standard
operation similar to Windows, ENTER - select option, ESC - Cancel, TAB
- move to the next button, etc.).
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Sonel Analysis 4 User Manual
2 Getting started
2.1 Connecting with the analyzer.
Before sending any data to/ from the analyzer, the application must establish a connection with
the device. The connection screen is displayed automatically when the user wants to perform an
operation that requires such a connection, and the analyzer is not currently connected. A first-time
user may start from the Startup screen (described in sec. 2.2). When using it, the connection with
the analyzer is established when it is required.
After choosing one of the above options (when no previous connection was established), the
program displays window CONNECTION and starts scanning in the search for available analyzers
(see Fig. 6). The analyzers are searched via cable (USB) and using wireless connections (when
OR-1 is connected to a PC and when a given analyzer offers this function). The user may also
activate the option in the program settings of searching analyzers connected via GSM (applies to
analyzers with built-in GSM modem) after enabling option TCP/IP OVER GSM in program
configuration. Analyzers operating with Wi-Fi may be found after they are correctly configured (see
sec. 5 and the manual of the analyzer) and after selecting option WIFI in section ACTIVE MEDIA.
After a successful scan, the list of detected analyzers appears on the screen. Analyzers are
displayed with their model, serial number and the type of communication link. Clicking on the
selected analyzer and pressing SELECT icon approves the analyzer selected from the list. The
analyzer may be also selected by double clicking on its field. Pressing SEARCH AGAIN restarts
scanning in the search for the analyzers.
It should be noted that the first listed option search for all analyzers listed in the analyzer
database and those directly connected with a USB cable, which extends the search process. At the
other hand, the second option (connecting to the analyzer indicated in the database) is trying to find
just the indicated analyzer, which significantly shortens the connection process, when the analyzer
database is extensive. Particularly large delay is related to the search of analyzers via the GSM
network.
After selecting the analyzer, the program asks the user to enter PIN code, which protects it
against unauthorized access. It consists of three digits (0...9). By default PIN is set in the factory at
000.
Note
When wrong PIN is entered three times in a row, data transmission is
blocked for 10 minutes.
10
2 Getting started
Notes
Detecting an analyzer via OR-1 wireless module, Wi-Fi or GSM is possible
only when the unique serial number of this analyzer was earlier entered
into the analyzer database (doesn’t apply to PQM-707). Basing on this
number, the software filters other analyzers (e.g. those within the range
of radio interface) which are not owned by the owner of a given software
copy.
The serial number may be entered into the database manually (section 5)
or after connecting the analyzer via USB, entering correct PIN code and
selecting STORE PIN IN DATABASE option (see Fig. 7). Then the analyzer
is added to the database of the analyzers (doesn’t apply to PQM-707).
If the STORE PIN IN DATABASE option is checked in the authorization window, the serial number
and the entered PIN will be associated, to avoid the need to entry it again during the next connection
(serial number and analyzer model are automatically added to the analyzer database). After a
successful connection, a window should appear to confirm the connection with the analyzer – see
Fig. 8. This screen displays the analyzer information, such as its serial number, firmware and
hardware versions.
If automatic log-in is unsuccessful, the window shown in Fig. 7 is displayed again.
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Sonel Analysis 4 User Manual
Note
When the transmission is blocked after three unsuccessful attempts to
enter the PIN, during the next attempt to connect to the analyzer, the
window will appear with the following message "Communication blocked!
Incorrect PIN code!"
12
2 Getting started
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Sonel Analysis 4 User Manual
14
2 Getting started
Analyzer settings wizard is a tool that allows you to configure the analyzer for the most
common scenarios, applying "step-by-step" method.
To start the Wizard select from the toolbar ANALYZER SETTINGS (or from menu ANALYZERSETTINGS),
or use STARTUP WINDOW and select SET UP AND RECORDING. The window shown in Fig. 12 will be
displayed.
ANALYZER SETTINGS WIZARD – this option allows you to enter simplified settings using the "step-
by-step" method. The wizard is described later in this section.
ADVANCED ANALYZER SETTINGS – the standard method for setting the analyzer with access to
all analyzer settings (method known from previous versions of Sonel Analysis). A detailed de-
scription is in sec. 3.
OPEN SETTINGS FILE – opening a previously saved file with the measurement settings (files with
settings extension).
Settings in the wizard are simplified and divided into several steps, where the user selects one of
the recording parameters and the moves to the next screen.
ANALYZER (Fig. 13) – in the first step of setting the analyzer, the user must select the type of
analyzer to be set. This step is required due to differences in the measurement capabilities of
individual analyzers.
SCENARIOS (Fig. 14) – at this stage, user selects the type of measurements, these are two
mutually exclusive possibilities:
SELECT SCENARIO – this option allows user to select one of the predefined measurement
scenarios:
All parameters
Data Logging (V, I, Hz, THD)
Power Study / Energy audit
Harmonics to Class A/S
Power Quality to Class A/S
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Sonel Analysis 4 User Manual
SELECT STANDARD – recording for compliance with standard EN 50160 or other standard.
Select a relevant standard from the list. This setting will allow to generate a compliance
report for the specified standard.
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2 Getting started
RECORDING SCHEDULE (optional step) – in this screen the user defines time intervals if at the
previous stage he/she selected option ACCORDING TO SCHEDULE. See also sec. 3.2.1.1 and
schedule setup.
WIZARD SUMMARY – the last step of the wizard (Fig. 15) allowing user to send the created
settings to the analyzer (click SEND SETTINGS). If the analyzer is not connected, the selection and
connection procedure will be started (sec. 2.1), and then the settings will be sent. Note: The
entire contents of the memory will be deleted. The wizard as default uses CONFIGURATION 1 of
the analyzer; it also reserves for it the entire analyzer memory space. The setting created with
the Wizard may be saved on the disk for later use as a file *.settings (option SAVE SETTINGS).
Alternatively, you can select ADVANCED SETTINGS, where the initial settings may be viewed and
modified and then sent to the analyzer (window ANALYZER SET UP, will be shown as in sec. 3.2).
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Sonel Analysis 4 User Manual
18
3 Analyzer Measurement Settings
After selecting option ANALYZERSETTINGS from the main menu (or clicking the icon) SETTINGS
window will be displayed as shown in Fig. 16. It is the most important part of the analyzer
configuration. Here the user determines which parameters will be recorded by the analyzer; the
mains type and nominal values of the parameters.
The left part of the screen is divided into two parts (Fig. 16): LOCAL and ANALYZER. Top part
(LOCAL) is used by the user for parameters modification, whereas the bottom part ( ANALYZER)
shows the current analyzer settings and is of read-only type. Each part has a drop-down tree divided
into four configurations and ANALYZER SETTINGS.
Each of the four measurement configurations is independent from others. This is the place
where the user defines the mains system, nominal voltage, frequency, type of probes and
parameters for recording and detecting events.
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Sonel Analysis 4 User Manual
RECEIVE SETTINGS button is used to read the analyzer current settings in order to edit them in the
computer. If the settings have been previously modified by the user, a warning message will be
displayed. The correct reading is also confirmed by a relevant message. Then all icons in the
measurement configurations tree will change to blue, which means that the settings in the
application and in the analyzer are identical.
SEND SETTINGS button is used to send the settings from the top part (LOCAL) to the analyzer.
Before sending the settings, the user is asked to confirm the operation (Fig. 17).
Note
Sending new configuration will erase all data on the memory card.
The user should read data previously collected from the analyzer
and save it to local disk.
Note
Saving new settings in the analyzer is not possible when the device is in
the recording mode (an appropriate message will be displayed to inform
about this – Fig. 18).
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3 Analyzer Measurement Settings
22
3 Analyzer Measurement Settings
HARMONICS – harmonics parameters divided into three tabs: VOLTAGE, CURRENT and
ADDITIONAL,
INTERHARMONICS – interharmonics parameters divided into three tabs: VOLTAGE, CURRENT,
MAINS SIGNALLING.
It is possible to transfer settings between different configurations. To copy the settings from one
configuration to another, right-click on the header of CONFIGURATION X (where X is the number of
the point) in the tree of configurations and select COPY. Then, to transfer these settings to another
point, right-click them (as above) and select PASTE (CONFIGURATION X) (where X is the number of
the configuration).
The next chapters presents the description of the main settings screen, and its individual cards.
Fig. 20. Setting the mains parameters, nominal mains parameters and transducers.
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Sonel Analysis 4 User Manual
The following parameters are defined in the part related to the mains:
VOLTAGE UN: nominal voltage 64/110 V, 110/190 V, 115/200 V, 120/208 V, 127/220 V,
220/380 V, 230/400 V, 240/415 V, 254/440 V, 277/480 V, 290/500 V, 400/690 V (phase /phase-
to-phase, depending on the mains type; in case of two-phase network, the phase-to-phase
voltage is twice the phase voltage),
FREQUENCY FN: Mains nominal frequency – 50 or 60 Hz,
MAINS SYSTEM – one-phase, split-phase, wye with N, delta, wye without N, and Aron’s
measuring systems; a connection drawing for selected system is shown in the field below the
name. For mains of 3-wire type, the nominal voltage is the phase-to-phase value (the second
value specified in MAINS NOMINAL VALUES 'UN' field),
PROBES TYPE – indicates the type of current probes used for the measurements. The user
may select C-4, C-5, C-6, C-7 CT probes or F-1/F-2/F-3 flexible probes. If the current
measurement is not required, select NONE option.
VOLTAGE TRANSDUCERS – they define the voltage transducers ratio (when used). Please
select one of the three possible parameters of the transducer that will be calculated using the
other two:
Selecting PRIMARY will grey out the primary voltage, which is calculated basing on two
other parameters that may be changed by the user: the voltage of the secondary circuit -
SECONDARY and RATIO. Primary voltage is calculated as the product of secondary voltage
and ratio.
Selecting SECONDARY will grey out the secondary voltage, which is calculated by the
software, basing Primary voltage and Ratio. Secondary output voltage is equal to the
quotient of the primary voltage and ratio.
Selecting RATIO will grey out "Ratio" field. The division is determined by defining the
primary and secondary voltage. Ratio is calculated as the ratio of the primary and
secondary voltage.
After turning the option of voltage transducers field VOLTAGE UN is greyed out; a new nominal
voltage is the primary voltage of the transformer.
CURRENT TRANSDUCERS – define the current transducer ratio. The measuring range of
selected probes may be extended using external current transducers. The same method for
determining the ratio is used as in the case of the voltage transducers. Select one of the three
parameters, which will be calculated automatically based on the other two. The resulting
measuring range (primary current which does not exceed the nominal range of used probe) is
displayed below the probe selection list.
ADDITIONAL MEASUREMENTS – use the additional option fields to define possible
measurements of additional parameters, such as neutral conductor current (with another probe,
if the system type is appropriate) and the N-PE voltage (for systems with separate N and PE
conductors). Please note that the analyzer will not measure these parameters, if they are not
checked in this place.
Note: In PQM-700 analyzer the N-PE voltage measurement is not available.
AVERAGING PERIOD for measurements – use this field to define the basic results averaging
period. Available times (a set of available values may be different for different types of
analyzers) are as follows: half-period (special mode, only voltage and current RMS1/2 values are
recorded), 200 ms, 1 s, 3 s, 5 s, 10 s, 15 s, 30 s, 1 min, 3 min, 5 min, 10 min, 15 min, 30 min,
60 min, 120 min,
Note: For PQM-700 and PQM-701, if the user turned on the option of standard-
compliant recording in STANDARD tab, it will result in setting the averaging time on 10 minutes and
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3 Analyzer Measurement Settings
the selection list block averaging period selection list. To change this settings, the user must first
disable the standard-compliant recording in the tab.
SCHEDULED LOGGING (recording) – four time periods may be specified. After selecting a
given period by clicking the arrow, enter the start date and time (optionally you may specify the
end date/time). If the user sets the recording start without defining its end, the device will operate
until it is manually stopped or until the memory is filled-up. Time intervals must not overlap - the
program does not allow you to configure overlapping ranges. The following time intervals must
be set chronologically.
PQM-700 analyzer allows only one time period to be defined.
CONFIGURATION NAME – the user may assign a name for selected configuration; it may
consist of maximum 32 characters,
EVENTS DETECTION HYSTERESIS – it determines the size of the hysteresis used in determining
event detection thresholds. It may be set within the range of 0.01…10.00%. The typical size of
the hysteresis is 2%. More about this issue may be found in the operating manual of the
analyzer.
CURRENT LIMIT – when current measurement is
enabled, then selecting this option enables user to set the threshold of RMS current, below
which the value will be zeroed with all related parameters. See additional description in the
operating manual of the analyzer.
Fig. 21 presents the screen after selecting ADDITIONAL tab at MAIN SETTINGS of the
measurement configuration. Sliders are available in this screen for defining recording time of several
types of waveforms and plots:
WAVEFORMS – determining the recording time for instantaneous voltage and current (sampling
frequency of 10.24 kHz) accompanying events detected by the RMS voltage (swells, dips and
interruptions, exceeding max. threshold values of UN-PE), DC voltage component, RMS current
(exceeding minimum and maximum values) and transient events. The user may specify:
recording time from 100 ms to 1 s, in 20 ms steps,
pretrigger time from 40 ms to 960 ms, in 20 ms steps.
Note: Recording time of waveforms may be different from the stated here, depending on the type
of the analyzer. Appropriate times can be found in the user's manual for individual analyzers.
Waveforms are recorded both at the beginning and at the end of the event.
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Sonel Analysis 4 User Manual
Pretrigger time defines the portion of the total recorded time that will be assigned as "pre-triggering"
period (both for starting and stopping). This time cannot be longer than the recording time.
Cyclic waveforms (recorded once per every averaging period) always have fixed time equal to
3 periods and this setting does not applies to them.
To simplify the process, recording and pretrigger times are provided in seconds or milliseconds,
but in fact the analyzer records with an accuracy of a single period of mains. For example,
setting the waveform recording time at 560 ms and pretrigger time at 380 ms, results in a
recording a total of 28 periods of mains and pretrigger equal to 19 periods (for 50 Hz mains).
This is important if the mains frequency deviates significantly from the nominal 50 Hz. In case
of mains with 60 Hz the situation is similar, but the number of periods is rounded down after
dividing the time set by the nominal period time of 16.67 ms.
In order to enable recording of the waveforms, select option RECORD WAVEFORMS AND RMS1/2
at VOLTAGE card and BASIC tab.
RMS1/2 – determining the recording time for voltage and current RMS 1/2 values accompanying
events detected by the RMS voltage (swells, dips and interruptions, exceeding max. threshold
values of UN-PE) and RMS current (exceeding minimum and maximum values). The following
features may be set:
recording time from 1 s to 30 s, in 0.1 s steps,
pretrigger time from 0.1 s to 4.9 s, 0.1 s in steps.
Note: Recording time of RMS1/2 waveforms may be different from the stated here, depending
on the type of the analyzer. Appropriate times can be found in the user's manual for individual
analyzers.
RMS1/2 values are recorded both at the beginning and at the end of the event.
Pretrigger time defines the portion of the total recorded time that will be assigned as "pre-
triggering" period (both for starting and stopping). This time cannot be longer than the recording
time.
Similarly to waveforms, recording and pre-trigger times are specified in seconds or milliseconds,
but in fact the analyzer records a specified number of RMS1/2 values, assuming one half-period
as 10 ms in 50 Hz networks and 8.33 ms in 60 Hz networks.
In order to start recording RMS1/2, select option LOG WAVEFORMS AND RMS1/2 at VOLTAGE
card and BASIC tab.
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3 Analyzer Measurement Settings
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Sonel Analysis 4 User Manual
Note
The procedure of measurements for standard compliance is different for
different types of the analyzers:
• PQM-700, PQM-701(Z, Zr), PQM-707: activating standard-compliant
recording (by ticking box ENABLE LOGGING ACCORDING TO STANDARD)
sets the required configuration parameters and blocks them to prevent
their modification by the user. Only the parameters required by the
selected standard are recorded.
• PQM-702(T), PQM-703, PQM-710, PQM-711: activating the standard-
compliance recording does not prevent the user to set the recording
parameters in the user configuration, as the analyzer allows simultaneous
recording of parameters required by the standard and completely
independent recording according to the user configuration (dual
recording). The only exception to the rule of independence are the
thresholds of voltage events, which are set in accordance with the
standard requirements and cannot be changed. The option of such
simultaneous recording is available in the specified analyzers, starting
from firmware version 1.17. When you want to record only the standard
parameters, turn off (uncheck) all parameters in the recording
configuration (leave only ENABLE LOGGING ACCORDING TO STANDARD field
active and optionally enable recording of control signals).
After choosing from the list a specific Standard, the analyzer marks on the
selection tree (of the measurement configuration) the parameters necessary to perform
measurements according to chosen Standard and locks them to prevent inactivating them by the
user. For example, if the averaging time was previously set to 3 seconds, after selecting "Enable
logging according to standard" and choosing specific Standard from the list, it will change into 10-
minutes and it will be grayed out, preventing any further changes. Additionally the following
measurement parameters are marked: average voltage, THD voltage, voltage harmonics, etc.
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3 Analyzer Measurement Settings
Basic mains measurement time, according to EN 50160, is one week. In this time, the following
parameters are measured: RMS voltage, frequency, Total Harmonic Distortion, levels of individual
voltage harmonics, unbalance (in three-phase mains), flicker. Because the week-long
measurements are related to gathering a large amount of data, it was decided to use averaging
algorithms. All the evaluated parameters, excluding the frequency and long-term flicker, are
averaged over 10 minutes. Thus, within a week, the user obtains 1008 values for each of these
parameters. These values are then evaluated by comparing them to the criteria defined in the
standard.
If all parameters are within the specified thresholds, it can be concluded that the measured
mains meets the quality requirements of EN 50160.
Table 2 contains the current criteria for measurements according to EN 50160 in LV networks
(up to 1 kV) and MV networks (36 kV). These settings are used by selecting the default settings for
EN 50160 profile.
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Sonel Analysis 4 User Manual
Table 2. Criteria for power quality according to standard EN 50160 for mains voltage up to
1 kV (low voltage networks).
Basic
Parameter measurement Criterion
time
Slow changes in 10 minutes For LV networks:
voltage (RMS for 95% of the measurements the deviation from the nominal
voltage) voltage shall be within the range of ±10% Unom
for 100% of the measurements: –15%...+10% Unom
For MV networks:
for 99% of the measurements the deviation from the nominal
voltage shall be within the range of ±10% Unom
for 100% of measurements: ±15% Unom
Frequency 10 seconds For networks connected synchronously:
for 99.5% of the measurements the deviation should be within ±1%
fnom (i.e. for 50 Hz it is 49.5…50.5 Hz)
for 100% of measurements: –6%...+4% fnom (47…52 Hz)
The procedure for setting the analyzer on the measurement compliant with the standard is as
follows. On the main screen for the measurement point settings, the user should set the correct
mains type, nominal voltage, frequency, type of probes, or select the appropriate transducers.
Then select STANDARD tab and enable ENABLE LOGGING ACCORDING TO STANDARD option. This
causes unlocking the standard version list. Then, from the list select the appropriate element.
After completing the settings, and after sending the configuration to the analyzer the user may
trigger the recording process from the PC program or by using START/STOP button. Before that
make sure that the correct measurement configuration is selected in the analyzer.
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3 Analyzer Measurement Settings
The user has the ability to edit the standard default settings defined in the preferences. It may
be useful in situations where the criteria defined in the Standards will change. The user will be able
to adjust the settings yourself without the need to upgrade Sonel Analysis software.
Although the EN 50160 standard does not provide for current measurement or testing the mains
parameters associated with the current, because of the frequent need to test 15-minute power and
tan average values, the analyzer allows simultaneous measurement of the mains for conformity
with EN 50160 and 15-minute average values of active, reactive and apparent powers, as well as
tan. To enable the recording of these parameters, select one of the Polish EN 50160 configurations
from the presented list. Profiles dedicated to Polish conditions: "Low Voltage", "Medium Voltage"
and "High Voltage" have enabled the recording (by default) of 15-minute average parameters:
tangent, and active, reactive and apparent power. The user must on its own activate the current
measurement in the measurement configuration settings (choose the correct type of probes and
optionally set transducers).
All settings are included in the main card of the measurement configuration ( BASIC and
ADDITIONAL tabs) and five other cards (and their tabs): VOLTAGE, CURRENT, POWER AND
ENERGY, HARMONICS and INTERHARMONICS.
In most cases, the settings for the selected parameter may be divided into a section of cyclical
recording of parameter values according to the selected averaging time, and into the section related
to event detection. The user may select to record the value of average, minimum, maximum and
instantaneous parameter. For voltage and current the user may define an additional averaging time
that is used for detecting minimum and maximum values (depends on analyzer type). To clarify
these issues let us use an example.
For most of parameters the user may enable detection of events. "Event" is the term, which
describes the situation, when the measured value exceeds the threshold(s) set by the user.
Depending on a parameter, the number of thresholds may be as follows: only one (e.g. for negative-
sequence unbalance factor - exceeding the maximum value), two (e.g. for frequency - exceeding
the upper and lower limits), three - for voltages (exceeding the threshold of swell, dip and
interruption).
Information about the event is recorded by the analyzer on the memory card at the time of its
completion. Then the following information is recorded:
start time of the event,
end time of the event,
threshold value,
parameter extreme value during the event,
parameter average value during the event.
If the recording is interrupted during an event, information about this event is also saved, but
only within the following scope:
start time of the event,
threshold value,
extreme value of the parameter recorded by the end of the recording process.
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Example
Global averaging time has been set to 1 minute, while min/max
determination period for voltage has been set to 5 seconds. All four
voltage options have been checked: recording of average, minimum,
maximum and instantaneous values.
Question: How these values are determined and what is recorded on the
memory card?
1. Average value is determined as the RMS (root mean square) from
10/12-period measurements (approx. 200 ms). There will be approx. 300
of such measurements per 1 minute. Average voltage value is calculated
as the square root of arithmetic mean of squared input values:
∑𝑘𝑖=1 𝑈𝑎𝑛𝑑 2
𝑈𝑎𝑣𝑔 = √
𝑘
where:
Uavg – 1-minute RMS voltage,
k – number of gathered 10/12-period values,
Ui – RMS voltage of 10/12-period type.
2. Min/max averaging equal to 5 seconds means that firstly the analyzer
averages 25 successive Ui values (using the method described above).
Minimum and maximum values are selected from all 5-second average
values gathered during 1 minute. Both, minimum and maximum values
will be recorded.
3. Instantaneous value is the last 10/12-period voltage value measured
during 1-minute averaging period. This value will also be saved on the
card.
For the following parameters: RMS voltage and RMS current, changes in the shape of the
voltage envelope and the voltage phase, the recording of waveforms and RMS1/2 values may be
enabled – at the beginning and end of the event. Recording time of waveforms and RMS1/2 is set in
ADDITIONAL tab, of the card for the measurement configuration settings (see sec. 3.2.1.2.)
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3 Analyzer Measurement Settings
Note
Averaging times 200 ms, 1, 3 and 5 sec. are actually expressed as
multiples of the mains basic period:
200 ms – 10/12 periods (50/60 Hz)
1 second – 50/60 periods
3 seconds – 150/180 periods
5 seconds – 250/300 periods
For systems with phase-to-neutral voltages (split-phase and three-phase with a neutral
conductor N), there is an additional option of recording RMS phase-to-phase voltages. In such case
only the average value is recorded.
Checking option LOG WAVEFORMS AFTER EACH AVERAGING PERIOD results in recording three
voltage waveform periods after each successive averaging periods (for example every 10 minutes).
The part related to events is located on the right side of the screen. Checking option LOG EVENTS
activate the fields for voltage threshold values. They may be entered as percentage or absolute
values. The setting ranges are as follows:
SWELLS: 0.00…+20.00% with a resolution of 0.01% or in volts within the same range,
DIPS: 0.00…-99.90% with a resolution of 0.01% or in volts,
INTERRUPTIONS: 0.00...-100.00% with a resolution of 0.01% or in volts up to 0.00 V (the dip level
cannot be lower than the interruption level).
Switching between the threshold percentage values to absolute values results in automatic
calculation to selected unit.
Note
When the user changes mains nominal voltage after the event threshold
have been set, the thresholds expressed in percentage values will remain
on the same levels.
For mains with neutral conductor, it is possible to set also the maximum N-PE voltage level –
option N-PE VOLTAGE OVER LIMIT. Exceeding this threshold in volts will trigger an event. Setting the
threshold to zero disables the detection of events of this type.
After selecting LOG WAVEFORMS AND RMS1/2 option, the analyzer will record the defined
number of periods for voltage and current waveforms and RMS1/2 values, at the beginning and the
end of an event. Recording time is set in ADDITIONAL tab, of the card for the measurement point
settings, see sec. 3.2.1.2.
In addition, you can set the detection of voltage events by other methods than exceeding the
RMS voltage values that can help in network diagnostics:
In this method, two adjacent periods of the voltage waveform are compared with each other -
the difference between them is calculated and its maximum amplitude is checked, which is then
compared with the threshold set by the user. The percentage threshold refers to the nominal voltage
value. For example, for Un = 230 V and the detection threshold set to 10%, such waveform changes
are detected whose amplitude is greater than or equal to 23 V. If the voltage waveform in the next
period does not fit within the specified tolerance range (envelope), then an event is detected. The
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Sonel Analysis 4 User Manual
analyzer, after the event is detected, records the time of occurrence, duration and the maximum
registered percentage difference between the compared waveforms.
It should be remembered that at low values of the detection threshold, the analyzer can detect
a very large number of events in a short time interval. For this reason, the user has the HOLD TIME
parameter in seconds. After the event is detected, the analyzer blocks detection of subsequent
events (in a given channel) for the time specified by this parameter. It can be set in the range from
1 s to 600 s. If the option LOG WAVEFORMS AND RMS 1/2 is also selected, it will also be able to
view oscilloscope waveforms and RMS1/2 plots accompanying the event in addition to the recorded
event.
Selecting the PHASE JUMPS field enables the detection of sudden changes in the voltage fun-
damental phase angle. The detection algorithm compares the angles of the fundamental voltage
component of two or three neighbouring periods. If the difference in angles is greater than the
user-defined threshold expressed in degrees, information about the detection of the event along
with the measured value of the phase angle change is recorded. If the option LOG WAVEFORMS
AND RMS VALUES is also selected, then in addition to the recorded event, you will also be able to
see the oscilloscope waveforms and RMS1/2 graphs accompanying the event.
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3 Analyzer Measurement Settings
In case of PQM-703 and PQM-711 analyzers the card includes a set of controls
enabling the user to activate and configure the block of transient detection (fast and short-term
disturbances in the mains voltage). The detection is triggered after selecting option LOG EVENTS
(TRANSIENTS). The user may set the following parameters:
SAMPLING FREQUENCY - it is the sampling frequency of the transient detection block. One out of
five frequencies may be chosen: 100 KHZ (slowest), 500 KHZ, 1 MHZ, 5 MHZ, 10 MHZ
(fastest). The sampling frequency must be chosen depending on the expected frequency
content of disturbances in the network.
Detection method: THRESHOLD or SLEW RATE. After selecting THRESHOLD option, set the minimum
amplitude of disturbances in the range from 50 V to 5000 V that should be detected as an
event and its recording. After selecting SLEW RATE the analyzer detects disturbances with slew
rate exceeding the value specified next to the selection box. Slew rate is changed indirectly, by
selecting the sampling frequency (from 100 V/500 µs for 100 kHz to 100 V/5 µs for 10 MHz)
Recording time charts of detected transients with related 10.24 kHz waveforms may be
activated by selecting option RECORD WAVEFORMS AND TRANSIENT CHARTS. Recording time is set
in ADDITIONAL tab, of the card for the measurement configuration settings, see sec. 3.2.1.2.
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sequence voltages) and two unbalance factors (in %): zero and positive unbalance. Additionally,
the user may enable event recording. The setting ranges are as follows:
frequency: 40 ... 70 Hz with a resolution of 0.01 Hz or 0.01%, whereas the minimum value
cannot be higher than the defined mains reference frequency, and the maximum value cannot
be lower this reference value,
crest factor: 1.00 ... 10.00, resolution 0.01,
negative sequence unbalance : 0.00…20.00% every 0.01%,
flicker (short-term PST and long-term PLT): 0.00 ... 20.00 in 0.01 steps.
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3 Analyzer Measurement Settings
3.2.5 CURRENT
Screen of Basic settings is shown in Fig. 25.
Note
This tab is not available if in the main measurement configuration screen
the current measurement was disabled by selecting NONE option in
PROBES TYPE field.
and possibly current transducers). The minimum value cannot be greater than the maximum
value. For mains with neutral conductor, the user may set different thresholds for phase
channels and for neutral channel (if current measurement in N conductor is enabled).
current crest factor: two thresholds (minimum and maximum); adjustment range: 1.00…10.00;
in 0.01 steps
negative sequence unbalance: one threshold (maximum), range 0.0…20.0%; in 0.1% steps.
for the DC component a current threshold can be defined. If the absolute value of DC current
exceeds the limit, the event will be recorded. This kind of event can be enabled only when
current probes with DC measurement capability are selected, that is C-5(A).
Note
These tabs are not available if in the main measurement configuration
screen the current measurement was disabled by selecting NONE option
in PROBES TYPE field.
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3 Analyzer Measurement Settings
Similarly to voltage and current, the user may set recording average, minimum, maximum and
instantaneous values. The user may activate registering of the following parameters:
active power,
reactive power,
apparent power,
distortion power / apparent distortion power.
For each of these power types, the user may enable event recording (logging). Two thresholds
can be set for each power type (minimum and maximum) and the analyzer will detect every case of
their exceeding.
The setting range is 0.00 W ... 999.9 MW (for active power), 0.00 var ... 999.9 Mvar (for reactive
power), 0.00 VA ... 999.9 MVA (for apparent power), 0, 00 var / VA ... 999.9 Mvar / MVA (for
distortion power/ apparent distortion power).
At the bottom of the screen, the user may see the method for calculating reactive power. Two
alternative methods are available:
as required by IEEE 1459-2010 standard,
according to Budeanu's power theory (this method is not recommended).
This option has been added due to the doubts about the power measurement according to
traditionally used Budeanu’s method. IEEE 1459-2010 standard suggests slightly different
calculation methods for this power, providing correct results also in unbalanced systems with
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Sonel Analysis 4 User Manual
distorted current and voltage waveforms. More about this issue may be found the operating manual
of the analyzer.
After selecting Budeanu option both reactive power Q and distortion power are calculated by
the analyzer based on the Budeanu's theory. After selecting IEEE-1459 option, the reactive power
is the Q1 reactive power of the fundamental component, and S N non-fundamental apparent power
(expressed in VA) is calculated instead of the distortion power.
For active energy, the analyzer separately measures two parameters: consumed (received) and
supplied (delivered) energy. The indicated threshold refers to both values (i.e. the analyzer checks
the exceeding threshold for both, consumed and supplied energy).
For reactive energy, the analyzer records and detects events separately for each of four
quadrants: EQ(L+), EQ(C-), EQ(L-), EQ(C+).
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3 Analyzer Measurement Settings
3.2.7 HARMONICS
In HARMONICS card the user may configure recording method and event detection for voltage
and current harmonics and other parameters directly related to them. The card has three tabs:
VOLTAGE,CURRENT and ADDITIONAL.
Setting limits for individual harmonics may be performed in two ways: completing the table
below the graph or directly on the graph. When the table is filled, after values are approved, the
graph located above presented the table visualization.
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Sonel Analysis 4 User Manual
To change the limit on the graph, double-click on a selected harmonic and then holding down
the left mouse button, set the desired level.
By clicking a harmonic in the table, the user may use the following keys:
SPACEBAR- used to enter the editing selected harmonic (the user may also immediately start
typing the threshold),
ENTER - confirming values
TAB – confirming values and moving to the next harmonics,
UP and DOWN arrow - changing the value of the limit,
LEFT and RIGHT arrow - used for moving to the previous or next harmonics
HOME and END - used to toggle between the first and last harmonics.
Note
The level of THD and harmonics presented as a percentage value is
referenced to the fundamental component.
The user also has the option to decide how many harmonics will be used to calculate THD: 40
or 50 harmonics. This setting is automatically transferred to the second tab – CURRENT (and vice
versa).
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3 Analyzer Measurement Settings
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Sonel Analysis 4 User Manual
Harmonics reactive power: cyclical recording of reactive power for the 1..50 harmonics
(minimum, maximum, average and instantaneous values),
3.2.8 INTERHARMONICS
In INTERHARMONICS tab, the user may configure the manner of recording and event detection
from current and voltage interharmonics, TID and mains signalling. The card is divided into three
tabs: VOLTAGE, CURRENT, MAINS SIGNALLING.
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3 Analyzer Measurement Settings
Detection thresholds for events of voltage interharmonics may be set independently for each of
51 interharmonics (from 0 to 50). The user may select units: volts or percentage. The adjustment
range for event thresholds: in volts 0.00…UNOM in 0.01 V steps, as percentage values
0.00...100.00% in 0.01% steps. Setting the threshold to zero disables the event detection for
the specified interharmonic.
Setting limits for individual interharmonics is carried out in the same way as for the harmonics.
Note
The level of TID and interharmonics presented as a percentage value is
referenced to the fundamental component.
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Sonel Analysis 4 User Manual
MAINS SIGNALLING tab is not available for PQM-700 and PQM-701 analyzers.
Screen of this tab is shown in Fig. 34. The user may configure two monitored frequencies of
ripple control signals: UR1 and UR2. The frequency of each may be set in the range of 5...3000 Hz.
The meaning of each option is as follows:
AVERAGE – selecting it activates recording of the average value of a given control signal in
the averaging interval,
MAXIMUM - selecting it activates recording of the maximum value of a given control signal
in the averaging interval (out of 10/12-period values)
LOG EVENTS (AND TIME PLOT) – activates recording of an event when specified threshold is
exceeded by the control signal (as specified in volts or percentage values of the nominal
voltage). The exceeded value triggers recording of the signal time plot. Recording time is
set at ADDITIONAL card in main settings of the measurement configuration (see sec.
3.2.1.2).
In case of recording in accordance with EN 50160 (and related), in addition to averages, all
the 3-second mean values are also recorded.
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3 Analyzer Measurement Settings
Names of these profiles are entered in the names of measurement configuration (K1 - Voltage, K2
- Voltage and current, K3 - Power, K4 - Power and harmonics). Parameters recorded in individual
profiles are shown in Table 3.
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Table 3. The list of recorded parameters for the profiles of default measurement
configurations.
Voltage Voltage and current Power Power and harmonics
Voltage U Voltage U Voltage U Voltage U
Crest Factor U Crest Factor U Crest Factor U Crest Factor U
Frequency Frequency Frequency Frequency
Symmetrical Symmetrical Symmetrical Symmetrical
components and components and components and components and
unbalance factors U unbalance factors U unbalance factors U unbalance factors U
Current I Current I Current I
Crest Factor I Crest Factor I Crest Factor I
Symmetrical Symmetrical Symmetrical
components and components and components and
unbalance factors I unbalance factors I unbalance factors I
Active power P Active power P
Reactive power Q Reactive power Q
Apparent power S Apparent power S
Distortion power D Distortion power D
Cos φ Cos φ
Power Factor Power Factors
Tan φ Tan φ
K factor
THD U
THD I
Harmonics U
Harmonics I
Flicker Pst and Plt
Recording in default profiles is done without saving the waveforms after the averaging period.
Only average values of parameters are recorded and event detection is disabled. Network type is
set as 3-phase wye system with a neutral conductor and the averaging time is 10 seconds. For
profiles that require current measurements, flexible probes are selected.
4 Actual Settings
Note: Actual Settings are nor available in MPI-540 meter.
After selecting from the main menu: ANALYZERACTUAL SETTINGS (or use a short-cut key F4)
the window shown in Fig. 35 is displayed. The following cards are available:
TIME AND SECURITY ,
PROBES PHASE,
WIRELESS CONNECTION (only PQM-702(T), PQM-703, PQM-710, PQM-711),
SERIAL CONNECTION (only PQM-701Zr)
ADDITIONAL SETTINGS.
4.1 <Time and security> card
Here (Fig. 35) the user may set the time and parameters important for the analyzer security.
Current date and time of the analyzer is shown on an on-going basis in ANALYZER TIME field. In order
to set desired date and time of the analyzer, use the drop down menu in USER TIME field, enter
desired values and confirm by pressing SET button on the right. PC system time may be also sent
to the analyzer by simple pressing SET button next to SYSTEM TIME button.
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4 Actual Settings
Note: If the memory card of the analyzer contains any data saved with a date later than the set
date, the time change is not possible - appropriate message is displayed. To change time in this
situation, you must first delete all the data on the memory card (use the formatting options, or send
a new configuration to the device; first read the previously recorded data).
Checking KEYBOARD LOCK box, results in immediate key locking after the recording is activated.
In this case, the user will have to enter the 3-digit code (using three buttons of the analyzer) to
unlock the keys. This code is independent from PIN number and may be changed by pressing
CHANGE button, next to KEYBOARD LOCK box. "Keyboard Lock" function prevents stopping an active
recording process by unauthorized persons.
Fig. 35. Setting the time and security measures during recording.
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4 Actual Settings
Note
Be careful when disabling interfaces, as the user may turn off both
interfaces when connected to the analyzer via selected device. In such
case, a warning is displayed informing that further communication is
impossible, and re-activation will be possible by connecting the analyzer
with other active medium.
SMS ALERTS - here the user may enter up to four telephone numbers, to which SMS Alerts
will be sent. It is recommended that the phone numbers start with "plus' and the country
code. SMS will be sent in the following situations:
recording starts,
recording ends,
analyzer is switched-off due to discharged battery,
analyzer is switched-on due to power supply return,
analyzer re-location was detected (when the anti-theft function is activated).
GPS signal is lost for longer than 5 minutes (when the anti-theft function is active),
GPS signal is available after interruption longer than 5 minutes (when the anti-theft
function is active).
ACTIVE button, next to the field with number is used to activate and deactivate of a given
number. After entering the numbers and choosing activities, data must be sent to the
analyzer by clicking SEND button.
SMS messages contain the time of the event (acc. to the analyzer time, adjusted to local
time) and the serial number of the analyzer.
SMS alerts require active GSM modem for proper operation (with a SIM card).
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This window allows user to change the settings of the serial port in PQM-701Zr. The user may
change:
parity (even, odd, none),
flow control (disabled or hardware)
the number of stop bits (1 or 2),
bit rate (range from 2400 to 921600 bit/s).
The change is made immediately after CHANGE button is pressed and the connection is not
interrupted (as is the case with the RS-232 connection).
Settings cannot be changed if the connection to the analyzer is made via an external GSM
modem.
HEATER ENABLED button is used for switching on/off the heater that heats the interior of the
analyzer when ambient temperatures are below 0C. When the analyzer is activated in
temperature below zero, it controls the temperature inside the analyzer by enabling the
heater to maintain the temperature inside above 0C. This results primarily from the need
to provide positive temperature to built-in lithium-ion battery, as charging the battery in
temperatures below zero Celsius is not allowed.
Note: The heater should always be activated. The heater may be turned off only
when the analyzer is operated at a temperature above 0°C or when it is necessary
to reduce the power consumed by the analyzer, e.g. during measurements with
voltage transformers, from which the analyzer is to be supplied.
5 Analyzer database
Select from the main menu OPTIONSANALYZER DATABASE - here you may add or edit existing
analyzers (Fig. 40).
Only analyzers entered by the user into the database will be displayed in the selection box when
searching analyzers via radio. Serial number entered into the database must match the serial
number of the analyzer, which you want to connect with. Analyzers with other serial numbers are
rejected by the program and not shown in the selection window (it does not apply to USB search).
Column AUTO PIN informs, whether the program requires PIN code before transmission. If the
box is disabled, the user will be required to enter PIN.
In addition, the user may activate the option of reminding about the need for re-calibration. The
manufacturer specifies the time after which the user should perform a calibration of the instrument,
in order to maintain its declared accuracy. The accuracy degrades due to the ageing of components.
To unlock this feature, select option CERTIFICATE OF CALIBRATION. If it is checked, then the following
lists are active VALIDITY PERIOD and REMIND BEFORE. They are used for:
VALIDITY PERIOD (may be set at 6, 12, 18 or 24 months) – it defines the frequency of instrument
calibration,
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Sonel Analysis 4 User Manual
REMIND BEFORE (may be set at week, two weeks, month) – it specifies the period for which the
program is required to generate the reminding message.
Checking the list of analyzers for validity of their calibration certificate occurs during start-up of Sonel
Analysis – a window is displayed appear with a reminder.
Clicking ADD enables user to add an analyzer - as shown in Fig. 41. Please select a model
analyzer, enter its serial number and optional description. The calibration date may be also entered
and the program will use it to alert the user before the expiry date of the calibration certificate.
Changing PIN code and all of communication settings (Wi-Fi and GSM) is possible only after
connecting to the analyzer.
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5 Analyzer database
REMOVE icon allows the user to delete the selected analyzer from the database (after confirming
it by the user).
EDIT icon allows the user to change the parameters of the analyzer and configuration of the
communication parameters.
Click CHANGE PIN button to change PIN. The new code must be entered twice and then
accepted.
In the first case, enter the following data in the appropriate fields:
IP number assigned to your SIM card,
The name of the access point (APN),
User name and password (not always required).
After confirming the settings, a window will be displayed to enter the PIN code of SIM card.
Then, the analyzer will initiate the procedure to log into GSM network, applying specified settings.
All parameters should be provided by the SIM card provider.
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Sonel Analysis 4 User Manual
In the second case, the analyzer may be in another location. In order to connect to the
analyzer, the user must know its IP address. Adding the analyzer to the database is carried out as
follows:
Click CHANGE GSM SETTINGS button.
"Search window" will be displayed - click 'Cancel'.
Message "The analyzer is not connected" will be displayed with a panel for GSM settings
in offline mode, in order to enter the IP number of the analyzer (Fig. 42).
Enter the IP address of the remote analyzer and click 'OK'.
You may try to connect to the analyzer (e.g. by using option CONNECT SELECTED or by
applying the standard method). Please note that the application searches analyzers via
the Internet only if you selected TCP/IP OVER GSM option in program settings.
Using the procedure shown above, the user may add PQM-701Zr (with an external
GSM modem) to the database of analyzers. Modem configuration is performed using the
software provided by the manufacturer of the modem.
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5 Analyzer database
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Fig. 43. Wi-Fi setup screen in online mode (access point in the analyzer).
Select the method for assigning IP address. In case of manual mode - enter appropriate
values into fields: IP ADDRESS, NET MASK and GATEWAY. In automatic mode, select DHCP.
MAC Address field will be filled-in automatically (as read from the analyzer).
PORT field is not editable, it is always 4002.
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5 Analyzer database
In case of operating in other subnetworks (the Internet), fill-in EXTERNAL IP ADDRESS and
EXTERNAL PORT fields. For a direct connection (tablet analyzer), and for working in a local
network (tablet Wi-Fi router analyzer) these fields must be left inactive. These settings
are used only by Sonel Analysis when connecting to the analyzer – they are not stored in the
analyzer memory.
Confirm the settings by pressing OK. This will send new data entered in fields: SSID, Key, IP
configuration, to the analyzer.
If the correct data have been entered, the analyzer will try to connect to Wi-Fi access point.
After disconnecting, the connection status may be followed on screen <10/10>.
The following procedure applies to offline mode, when the analyzer was previously configured, and
there is a need to add it to the database and enter IP address and port, under which the analyzer
Wi-Fi interface is available. These parameters are required to connect with the analyzers working
in a different subnetwork than the tablet (computer), especially for connecting to the Internet. It is
not necessary to enter these parameters if the analyzer is connected to the same network as the
PC.
Fig. 45. Example configuration when the analyzer is connected via another network (offline
mode).
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6 Live mode
Note: Live mode is not available in MPI-540.
To enter the live mode, click LIVE MODE icon. If the connection to the analyzer has not been
previously established, the program goes first to the connection screen (see chapter 2.1). In this
mode, the screen is divided into a few tabs:
WAVEFORMS – it presents waveforms of current and voltages as in a oscilloscope,
TIMEPLOT – presents RMS values of voltage and current as a timeline,
MEASUREMENTS – instantaneous values of measured parameters (phase and total values),
PHASOR DIAGRAM – graphical representation of phasors of fundamental voltage and current
components,
HARMONICS – view of harmonic components of individual phases for currents and voltages,
INTERHARMONICS – view of interharmonic components of individual phases for currents and
voltages,
The more detailed description of individual tabs is given below.
6.1 Waveforms
The voltage and current waveforms presents two instantaneous waveforms, as they would be
seen on the oscilloscope screen. A sample screen is shown in Fig. 46. The graphs are refreshed
instantaneously, allowing user to view the mains parameters in real time. All channels are presented
in a single graph.
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6 Live mode
The checkboxes above the diagram are used to enable/disable displaying of a chosen
voltage/current channel. Buttons next to the boxes are used to change the color of presented
waveforms.
The graph may be freely expanded in both axes. In the corners of the window there are four
buttons , which activate displaying a window thumbnail with actually displayed area marked in
orange. The thumbnail is displayed in one of the four corners of the window, depending on the
button used. Four buttons marked by the magnifying glass icon are used for zooming-in and -out
. buttons are used to select the maximum or minimum zoom of a selected axis. Mouse
scrolling wheel may be also used for zooming-in and out. Using the scrolling wheel closer to the
vertical edge of the window results in zooming-in of Y-axis, whereas using the scrolling wheel closer
to horizontal edge - zooming-in of X-axis.
Zoom the selected area by holding down SHIFT button (the mouse pointer changes to a cross)
and select the desired area with the mouse.
It is also possible to move the selected area within the graph. To do so, hold CTRL key (the
cursor changes to a hand) and holding the left mouse button, move the display area.
The time scale (X-axis) is updated basing on the measured frequency value (e.g. from 0 to
40 ms for 50 Hz).
Two independent descriptions of Y-axis values are presented. For example, the user may
display values in volts (for voltage channels) on the left axis, and in amperes (for current channels)
on the right axis. Descriptions of axes are controlled by selection lists . These lists may include
the following items:
ALL V – when more than one voltage channel is measured. In this situation, one scale is
selected for all the voltage waveforms, and the waveforms are scaled,
ALL A – when more than one current channel is measured. In this situation, one scale is
selected for all the current waveforms, and the waveforms are scaled,
a separate entry for each measured channels. If the user selects this element from the list, then
the screen displays a scale for the selected channel (it may be adjusted automatically or
manually if the range was set by the user). Note: If the graph presents other waveforms
(voltage or current depending on the selected scale) then their actual amplitude does not
correspond to the indicated scale. The scale applies only to the selected waveform.
Switching between static and dynamic scaling mode is available after clicking the right mouse
button on the graph: the context menu includes the following options: SET SCALE TO NOMINAL VALUE
(for voltage) or SET SCALE TO PROBE RANGE (for current) and SET SCALE AUTOMATICALLY, both for
voltage and current values. After turning the program on, auto-scaling is turned off.
6.2 Timeplots
Fig. 46 presents the screen with current and voltage timeplot. The configuration elements are
identical as those in the waveform screen: its upper part includes controls for switching on/off the
display of current/voltage; changing the color of waveforms; zooming-in and the vertical axis.
The time scale is shown in the graph from the moment to entering the Live mode. The time
format is mm:ss. After reaching the end of the window, the entire graph shifts to the left by 30
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seconds. There is also an option to clear the graph tab in FILECLEAR. After clearing the screen,
the timescale on the plot is shown from the moment of this operation.
The graph is updated regardless of whether the tab is enabled or not, i.e. waveforms are
generated in the background, despite viewing for example harmonics.
As in case of waveforms, the user may apply the static scaling (according to the general settings
of the measurement configuration) or dynamic scaling.
6.3 Measurements
MEASUREMENTS tab provides a view of a range of parameters of the measured mains. Fig. 48
presents an example of a screen that shows a summary table of values read from the analyzer and
displayed in real time.
In the following rows the individual parameters are grouped into several categories:
VOLTAGE – RMS voltage U, DC component UDC, frequency f,
CURRENT – RMS current I, DC component IDC,
POWER – active power P, reactive power QB (according to the Budeanu theory) or non-
fundamental apparent power Q1 (acc. to IEEE 1459), apparent power S, distortion power D
(acc. to Budeanu) or distortion apparent power SN (acc. to IEEE 1459),
ENERGY – consumed active energy EP+ and reactive active energy EP-, reactive energies EQ
(acc. to Budeanu or IEEE 1459, 4-quadrant or consumed and supplied), apparent energy ES ,
FACTORS – Power Factor PF, Displacement Power Factor/cosφ, tan factor (or 4-quadrant
factors), THD for voltage and current, Crest Factors for voltage and current, flicker P ST and PLT
,
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6 Live mode
UNBALANCE – for voltage: zero sequence component U0, positive sequence component U1 and
negative sequence component U2, negative sequence unbalance u2, zero sequence unbalance
u0; or current: zero sequence component I0, positive sequence component I1 and negative
sequence component I2, negative sequence unbalance i2, zero sequence unbalance i0.
TEMPERATURE – it indicates the temperature of the external sensor (Sonel ST-2) in degrees
Celsius. The temperature sensor may be connected only to PQM-702T.
Each group may be enabled/disabled independently of the other groups and column
background color may be changed using the buttons in the top of the screen.
When the program is started for the first time, the following parameters are shown: voltage,
current, power and factor.
Using preferences the user may change the colors of groups and select groups to be displayed
(see sec. 8.3.3).
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For example, for a three-phase system with N conductor, the phase parameters values are
displayed in columns L1, L2, L3. If the measurement of N-PE voltage and/or IN current is enabled
in the configuration, then in N-PE column the analyzer displays also parameter values calculated
for this case. TOTAL column displays the total values for the whole system.
In case of delta systems, the phase values are displayed in columns L1-2, L2-3, L3-1 and
TOTAL.
If the reset function is activated for currents below the threshold ( CURRENT LIMIT function), the
reset values are marked with an asterisk (*).
Note
In some mains configurations it is not possible to calculate (measure) the
values of some parameters. For example, in a delta three-phase system,
it is impossible to calculate the cosφ displacement power factor between
current and voltage, as the measured voltage is phase-to-phase voltage,
and the measured current is line current which is a vector sum of two
phase currents.
When in a given mains configuration a selected parameter is not calculated, the screen displays
"---" instead of its value.
In the right part of the tab, the user may additionally define the calculation method for THD and
TID (list THD AND HARMONICS VALUES RELATIVE TO): in relation to fundamental component (THDF/
TIDF) or RMS value (THDR/ TIDR).
The displayed energy values depend on DISPLAYED ENERGY switch. The user may choose
whether the energy counters are related to measuring session (counting started when LIVE MODE
window is opened) or to total energy counted by the analyzer.
When the energy display mode is selected, the internal energy counters are not modified. The
concept of this mode is based on the fact that at the moment of first read-out of values from energy
counters (by the software) these values are remembered and the displayed values are the
difference between the energy current read-out and the remembered value.
Above the table are the on/off buttons for voltage (U, φU), current (I, φI), angle φU,I and a load
type. In addition, the user may change the default background color of the table for these groups.
The vector angles are referenced to UL1 vector angle which is always ϕ = 0°. The vector
amplitude scaling takes place automatically in relation to the highest value, independently for
voltage and current.
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On the diagram two buttons are present for turning the phasor diagram by 90 clockwise or
counter-clockwise.
In the bottom right part, button PROBES SETUP is shown, which initiates a window for changing
phase of probes (shown in Fig. 49).
Below the PROBES SETUP button there is a control panel for checking correct connection of the
analyzer to the tested network/system. This panel displays five indicators that user may use to
quickly perform a visual check of the analyzer connection. The displayed indicators correspond to
the indicators displayed on the screen of the analyzer (this applies to the PQM-
702/703/707/710/711; a detailed description is in the manuals of those analyzers). The indicators
are as follows:
URMS – RMS voltage,
IRMS – RMS currents,
U – angles of voltage vectors (fundamental components),
I – angles of current vectors (fundamental components),
f – frequency.
Green icon indicates the correctness of the parameter, red – probable error in connection or
configuration. The icon with a question mark indicate ambiguous situation – correctness or
incorrectness cannot be determined with certainty.
6.5 Harmonics
PQM-700 and PQM-707 analyzers have no function for measuring active and
reactive power harmonics and K-factor. Moreover, the PQM-700 analyzer measures harmonics only
up to 40-th order.
Harmonics tab enables user to view harmonic values in voltage and current, active and reactive
harmonics power, THD and K-factor. A typical screen is shown in Fig. 50. Parameters are displayed
for one phase, which is selected by buttons on the right.
A bar graph with harmonics is displayed in the central part of the screen: from DC component,
through the first component up to the 50th.
MEASUREMENT list on the right side of the window allows selecting one of two options:
VOLTAGE, CURRENT– displays the voltage and current harmonics,
HARMONICS POWER – displays active and reactive harmonics power.
On the left and right side of the graph, axes are displayed and marked with units corresponding
to the chosen mode: VOLTAGE, CURRENT - left side is assigned to voltage axis, while the right side
is to current axis. In HARMONICS POWER mode, on the left side, the axis of active power is located,
while on the right the axis of reactive power. This arrangement may be changed, using the lists
above the axes .
The tables below the bar graph present (from the left):
THD factors,
K-factors (only in VOLTAGE, CURRENT mode),
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A right-click on the graph in VOLTAGE, CURRENT mode, displays a context menu with the
following options:
SET SCALE ACCORDING TO NOMINAL (for voltage) or SET SCALE ACCORDING TO PROBES RANGE
(for current). Use this option to re-scale the harmonics bars and adapts them to the graph
window height, taking into account the nominal value,
SET SCALE AUTOMATICALLY. This feature automatically adjusts the scale.
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VOLTAGE LIMITS (option available only for voltage harmonics and after selecting percentage
display). This option results in imposing harmonics limits defined in the default standard (the
default standard and its limits are determined in PROGRAM CONFIGURATION, in section
ANALYZER SETTINGS STANDARD DEFAULT SETTINGS, see also sec. 8.3.2).
HIDE FIRST HARMONIC. This option turns on/off the plot containing the fundamental harmonic.
In the bottom right-hand corner, a button is located for switching between 2D and 3D view.
After clicking it, the harmonics are presented as a 3D view. After clicking ANY VIEW button, the
graph may be freely positioned using a mouse. Hold the left mouse button on the diagram and set
it in desired position. Hold the right mouse button to zoom in/out the graph. You can use also the
sliders on the left side of the window or the mouse scrolling wheel.
6.6 Interharmonics
PQM-700, PQM-701(Z, Zr) and PQM-707 have no option to
measure interharmonic components.
INTERHARMONICS tab enables the view of interharmonics values of voltage and current and TID
factors. A sample screen is shown in Fig. 52. Parameters are displayed for one phase, which is
selected by buttons on the right.
In the central part of the window, a bar graph with interharmonics is presented: it ranges from
the subharmonic group (0) through all other groups interharmonics up to the 50-th.
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On the left and right side of the graph, axes are displayed and marked with units corresponding
to the chosen mode: VOLTAGE, CURRENT - left side is assigned to voltage axis, while the right side
is to current axis. This arrangement may be changed, using the lists above the axes.
The tables below the bar graph present (from the left):
TID factors,
a table with numerical values of interharmonics amplitudes for voltage and current.
A right-click on the graph, displays a context menu with the following options:
SET SCALE ACCORDING TO NOMINAL (for voltage) or SET SCALE ACCORDING TO PROBES RANGE
(for current). Use this option to re-scale the interharmonics bars and adapts them to the graph
window height, taking into account the nominal value,
SET SCALE AUTOMATICALLY. This feature automatically adjusts the scale.
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7 Data Analysis
The analysis block allows the user to read data collected by the analyzer during the recording,
view numerical data and graphical visualization. The user may generate reports that in a clear
manner describe the tested system.
Reading data from MPI-540 and PQM-707 meters is described in sec. 7.1.1.
Select DELETE DATA AFTER READING option to delete data from the configuration, from which the
data is read. Therefore, after pressing READ DATA button before the transmission, an appropriate
warning message is displayed
Data may be deleted from the card at any time by entering ANALYZER menu and choosing the
option of ANALYZERDELETE DATA. This action may be used to delete data of chosen measurement
configurations (without changing their parameters) or to completely format the card.
During the data read-out, the status bar at the bottom of the window shows the download
progress and CANCEL button, which may be used for stooping the process.
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Note
When other, additional windows are also opened for displaying on-going (live)
data from the analyzer (e.g. LIVE MODE or CONTROL), the standard (slower)
communication mode is used for data download. Before pressing READ DATA
button, close these additional windows in order to use the high-speed data
reading mode.
After data read-out, a window is opened for saving the file *.pqm7xx (the file extension depends
on the analyzer model). In a file with this extension, the software saves identical copy of data read
from the analyzer (not processed by the program). Saving this data is not required but highly
recommended. Without this file performing a next analysis, basing on recorded data will require
another data read-out from the analyzer (this is particularly important if the user reads the data from
several measuring configurations - saving later file *.analysis concerns only one measurement
configuration selected for the analysis; data from other configurations need to be re-read). Saving
file *.pqm7xx will also allow you to create multiple analyses and *.analysis files from a selected
(reduced) period of time, which will reduce the size of these files.
Note
When the user selected DELETE DATA AFTER READING option without saving data before
proceeding to data analysis, the source data will be irreversibly lost. It will be possible to perform
analysis and save data to a file with *.analysis extension only from one measuring configuration
(selected for analysis), but you will be unable to fully use the source data for further analysis (e.g.
from different time range), or from another measuring configuration.
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After selecting RECORDINGS, the user receives the list of recordings that may be downloaded.
An example is shown in Fig. 54.
Select one record for downloading by clicking on its line, then click READ DATA button
During the data read-out, the status bar at the bottom of the window shows the download
progress and CANCEL button, which may be used for stooping the process.
After reading the data, a window with save option opens *.pqm707 or *.mpi540. In a file with
this extension, the software saves identical copy of data read from the analyzer (not processed by
the program). Saving this data is not required, but performing a next analysis, basing on recorded
data will require to another data read-out from the analyzer. Saving file *.pqm707 or *.mpi540 will
allow you to create multiple analyses and *.analysis files for the selected the selected time range.
To read screenshots, proceed as follows. After window shown in Fig. 54 is displayed – click
SCREENSHOTS. A window appears with a list of screenshots saved in the memory of the meter. The
table displays the file name and column SELECT for selecting files to be downloaded. You can also
save all files by checking box SELECT ALL. Use LIST button to return to the window with selection of
data type (Fig. 54).
To start the download, click READ DATA button. After its completion, a window appears which
indicates the folder for saving screenshot files. These files are graphic files with *.png extension.
Note
To minimize the risk of data loss, it is recommended to always switch off the
analyzer before removing the memory card. By doing this you will protect all
cached data and ensure their proper saving - the card will not be removed during
the saving process.
After inserting a memory card into the reader, proceed as described in sections 7.1 and 7.1.1 –
the process begins by selecting ANALYSIS option from the toolbar or menu. If the program detects
a card reader connected to PC with the card coming from the analyzer, the list of available devices
will include the appropriate entry, e.g. "PQM-707 [S / N: XXXXXX] The combination of the memory
card." After selecting this position (by double-clicking or pressing SELECT), a window appears to
confirm the connection, then another window is shown for selecting the data for reading, as
described in earlier sections. From this moment the operation of the device is the same as stated
in the above sections.
After downloading the data, you may end the connection (DISCONNECT option).
Sonel Analysis software enables user to exclude specified devices (disks) from the search area.
In cases where the program does not detect the memory card from the analyzer, check whether the
device (i.e. the drive letter that assigned to the memory card) is on the 'excluded list. These settings
may be found after selecting in menu: OPTIONSPROGRAM CONFIGURATIONDATA ANALYSIS
EXCLUDED DEVICES.
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If data from several measurement configurations were taken to be analyzed, the user must
select data from one of them and select appropriate time interval. Only data from the specified range
will be analyzed and possible saving in *.analysis file. The dialogue box is shown in Fig. 55. The
meaning of the window elements is as follows:
The list of read measurement configurations is located on left side . Below the following
information is shown: name of the configuration and all time intervals during which the analyzer
was recording data. Reasons for start or stop are stated on the right side of the time in brackets,
including:
o USER – start or stop initiated manually by the user,
o BATTERY – stop triggered by discharged battery,
o MEMORY– stop triggered by full memory,
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Note
In rare situations, the program can display a message on detecting a portion of
erroneous data. Block of such data is rejected by the application. Other read data
are available for analysis.
Clicking LIST button returns the user (after confirmation) to the window with analyzer data read-
out (Fig. 53). If downloaded data is not save until this moment, it will be lost.
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On the left hand side, the user will find buttons that enable displaying of the following data:
GENERAL – in this view – in the upper part of the window all data of individual types are
displayed as dots (Measurements, Events, and Waveforms), and in bottom part – after
selecting an event dots or waveform,
MEASUREMENTS – in the upper part all types of measurements recorded according to the
averaging time are displayed as dots (voltage, frequency, etc.), and in bottom part the
summary table with values of the parameters,
EVENTS – in the upper part all types of detected events are shown as dots (voltage dips,
swells, interruptions), and in the bottom part the list of events in table form.
CONFIGURATION – displays the analyzer configuration that was active during the recording.
Selecting a chosen button results also in displaying relevant data in the table below the graph.
The fields that include start date, time period and end date are shown above the graph.
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The graph in the upper part shows the dots representing measured parameters over time. In
the case of large amount of data, dots may overlap each other.
Similar as in case of choosing the analysis time range, three fields are displayed to indicate the
beginning, duration and the end of the selected time range (required time range may be manually
entered). The range of data displayed in the table, may be also reduced using two sliders S (start)
and E (end).
Below the dot-graph, a summary table is displayed with recorded values of the parameters.
The table shows only the data for the selected time interval. If the reset function is activated for
currents below the threshold (CURRENT LIMIT function), the column headers for parameters that may
include reset values are marked with an asterisk (e.g. I *L1[A]).
The checkboxes on the left side are used to include/ exclude some parameters from the
table.
If a parameter measured in a few phases is selected (such as voltage), all columns (U L1, U
L2, U L3) will be displayed in the table. In order to limit the amount of data displayed in the table,
use the buttons (L1, L2, L3, N) on the right side.
Use DISPLAY HARMONICS to display harmonics and inter-harmonics and to switch between
the display modes of harmonics in the table:
ABSOLUTE – the data are displayed in absolute units [V] and [A],
RELATIVE TO h01 – data are converted and displayed as a percentage relative to the funda-
mental harmonic,
RELATIVE TO RMS – data are converted and displayed as percentages relative to the RMS value
of the parameter.
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To filter displayed columns you may also use section SHOW VALUES , which includes the
following options: AVG, INST, MIN, MAX. The user may check/ uncheck these options to show/hide
relevant recorded values.
A right-click within the table area results in displaying a context menu with the following
options:
COLUMN WIDTH AUTO-ADJUSTMENT – enabling/disabling automatic width adjustment for col-
umns with parameters,
SELECT ALL – selecting the whole table with measurements,
COPY TO CLIPBOARD – copying the selected data to the clipboard.
Selecting OPEN IN A NEW WINDOW option, a new graph or table will always be opened in a
new window. If this option is disabled, a separate window with a graph or table is refreshed.
Data in individual rows may be specially marked with an icon next located next to the time
field, indicating one of several possibilities:
Icon indicates that the parameters were measured without time synchronization with
UTC. Thus, these data do not meet all the requirements for a Class A according to IEC
61000-4-30, as for precision in time measurement.
Icon indicates that during this averaging interval, a voltage event occurred e.g. dip,
swell, or interruption. The listed types of events may be a cause of incorrect
measurements for some mains parameters and IEC 61000-4-30 standard recommends
that in such case the whole averaging period is flagged to inform the user that the
measured values might be unreliable. The decision how to treat the flagged data is left to
the user. Data (lines) marked with this flag are rejected when the standard-compliance
report is generated - when you decided to exclude records of events such as dip, swell
and interruption.
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Icon indicates that during this averaging interval time-resync process occurred
(adjusting or step time change after acquiring GPS time sync).
In general, parameters are recorded according to the averaging time defined in the
configuration. For example, if the user defined 10-minute averaging time, every 10 minutes a record
is written on the memory card with the average values (and optionally minimum, maximum and
instantaneous values) of the parameters. However, in some cases, there are exceptions to this rule.
Examples may include the following:
Long-term flicker severity PLT – it is measured every 2 hours, hence at a 10-minute averaging
time, a new PLT value is displayed every 12 averaging periods,
Frequency - the measurement time of this parameter is 10 seconds,
Values of 15-minute active and reactive power recorded in accordance with the Polish System
Regulation ,
The ripple control signals for recording in accordance with EN 50160 - averaging time of these
parameters is 3 seconds.
In order to facilitate search for parameters measured with different averaging times, an option
has been added for displaying parameters in relation to the indicated averaging period. For
example, if the user performed a measurement with 10-minute averaging time and wants to quickly
display the records in which PLT, was measured, then in SHOW DATA section the user may select
value 2h from SHOW FOR list. Then, the table will include only the rows with times being the multiples
of 2 hours, during which the next measured value of P LT occurred. Another example of this
functionality is selecting from the list item 10S, in order to display all the 10-second frequencies for
recording in accordance with EN 50160.
Data analysis according to EN 50160 (or other standards) is analogous to the analysis of the
USER. The main difference is that in this mode, the user may additionally generate a report on
compliance with EN 50160 standard (or other standard). This report includes only those parameters
and events that are important from the point of view of the standard. If the currents were measured,
the measured parameters table will show also the 15-minute average values of active, reactive and
apparent powers, as well as of tan. The report on compliance with Polish System Regulation takes
into account the values of max. 15-minute power and tan.
To distinguish standard parameters from the user data, name of standard data is marked with
"S" letter (S - Standard), e.g. "U L1 aver. S".
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use the buttons located above the plot to switch on/off individual waveforms and change
their colour,
use the sliders or the mouse scrolling wheel to zoom-in the plot vertically and horizontally
(vertically, if the mouse pointer is close to side edges of the plot; horizontally, if it is close to the
top or bottom edge)
keeping SHIFT key pressed, use mouse to select a rectangular area to be zoomed-in,
keeping CTRL key pressed, left-click within the plot area and still keeping it pressed, move the
visible fragment (the cursor arrow turns into a hand)
the plot has two vertical axes on the left and right side; from the drop-down lists , select the
scale for the value to be displayed on the plot,
in addition to the parameters selected by the user (i.e. U L1, I L1, P etc.), the scales drop-down
lists include also the group of parameters with the same units (V, A, W, var, VA, %, Hz, [---] -
no unit). When a group is selected, one scale is adopted for the plot (e.g. in V) and all waveforms
from this group are rescaled to fit the scale,
selecting a given group for the left-side scale Y, will result in disabling this group and all its
parameters on the right scale Y, and vice-versa
use SET SCALE to expand the panel for manual scale adjustment. Unchecking AUTO field
enables user to enter own axis limits for individual parameters (or groups of parameters). After
entering the desired value, press SET button to update the plot.
Function SEPARATE GRAPHS (available in the context menu) is useful when the graph presents
parameters with two units - in this case, enabling this option will separate graphs vertically by
appropriate selection of scales, to avoid their overlapping. For example, if the graph presents a
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multiple voltages and currents, this option will result in adjusting their scales to show voltages
in one half of the window, and currents in the other.
Bar at the bottom of the window shows dots of voltage events on the time plot (if they
occurred - dip, swell, interruption, transient). After clicking selected dot, a window appears with
a list of events that occurred at that time and it is shown in the same manner as in view EVENTS.
Directly from this window, you can also open the windows of RMS1/2 plots and waveforms that
accompanied the event, if they have been recorded.
clicking on icons in the corners of the screen will result in displaying a miniature of the
whole plot; the highlighted rectangle illustrates a part of the plot which is currently zoomed in;
move it with a mouse on the plot miniature to move the plot in the main window,
pressing any of the buttons located in the top of the screen results in saving the plot on the
disk in a user-selectable format: jpg, png, bmp or xpm, copying it to the clipboard, or printing,
the plot may include maximum of 12 waveforms.
The bar graph displays the level of all harmonics measured by the analyzer. All other selected
values (which are not harmonics, such as U, f, I, etc.) are ignored. Pressing keyboard shortcut Alt-
O may display alternately the graph with or without the first harmonic. The same effect is obtained
using the context menu and selecting HIDE FIRST HARMONIC (context menu is opened by placing
mouse pointer on the graph and pressing right mouse key). Use three markers to indicate specific
bars, in order to read their values (amplitude is indicated in [V], [A] or [%] including their order). A
sample screen is shown in Fig. 61.
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reports should be generated according to the guidelines of EN 50160. Power failures are
treated as emergencies in the network operation and as abnormal operation are not in-
cluded in the quality statistics.
The definition of an interruption in multiphase systems is consistent with standard IEC
61000-4-30, i.e. a power supply interruption in such a system occurs when in all phases of
the system an interruption was detected (at the same time).
In the report section describing the event, all interruptions are included.
FLAGGED (SWEELS, DIPS, INTERRUPTIONS): statistics of the report are created using data
from which the records including interruptions, dips and swells were removed. In the re-
port section describing the event, these interruptions are included.
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Fig. 63. Standard-compliance report. Options and settings for the report generation.
After selecting the settings and clicking GENERATE button, the data is processed and a window
is shown, in which the user may enter additional data to the report (Fig. 64):
REPORT NUMBER,
MEASUREMENT PLACE,
REASON,
MEASURED BY,
NOTES – in meters with a GPS module, a text is automatically inserted containing the last
known GPS coordinates (GPS position is saved after triggering the recording process
and after the position of the analyzer is determined),
COMPANY LOGO – you may indicate an image file with your company logo or other picture
that will be shown in the report header.
These fields may be also pre-defined in the configuration to serve as a template while
generating reports.
The report may be displayed and viewed after clicking PREVIEW button. To save the report to a
file, select SAVE, and then specify the name and file type (pdf,html, csv, txt).
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Note
The time interval used in the measurement report depends on the interval
selected by the user when the data for analysis were loaded. If this time is
shorter or longer than 1 week (required by the standard), the report is still
generated, but field Time and number of samples are highlighted in red.
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Tab lists the quality parameters included in standard EN 50160 and the criteria for their evaluation
for the low and medium voltage. It should be noted that these criteria relate to the normal operation
of the network, excluding periods of power interruptions and other anomalies, e.g. those related to
atmospheric phenomena.
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Tab 5. Power quality criteria according to EN 50160 for the low voltage networks (up to
1kV) and medium voltage networks (36 kV).
Basic
parameter
Parameter Criterion
measurement
time
Slow changes in voltage - 10 minutes For LV networks:
RMS voltage for 95% of the measurements the deviation from the nominal
voltage shall be within the range of ±10% UNOM
for 100% of measurements: –15%...+10% UNOM
For MV networks:
for 99% of the measurements the deviation from the nominal
voltage shall be within the range of ±10% UNOM
for 100% of measurements: ±15% UNOM
Frequency 10 seconds For networks connected synchronously:
for 99.5% of the measurements the deviation should be
within ±1% fNOM (i.e. for 50 Hz it is 49.5…50.5 Hz)
for 100% of measurements: –6%...+4% fNOM (47…52 Hz)
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Percentile of a given percentage threshold is the value below which the percentage of all
samples is present. Percentile 50% is also called the median; it determines the value for which half
of the samples is below the median and the second half is greater or equal to it. In the area of power
quality testing, the following percentiles are commonly used: 95%, 99% or 99.5%.
Percentile 0% is the same as the minimum value of the set of samples, whereas percentile
100% is equal to the maximum value of the set (there is no higher value).
For example, standard EN 50160 for the RMS voltage value specifies that 100% of measurements
must be within the range of -15%...+10% Unom, and 95% of measurements must be within the range
of ±10% Unom.
These two requirements may be written as follows:
percentile of 100% must be between -15% ...+10% Unom,
percentile 95% must be between -10%...+10% Unom.
To check whether the RMS voltage meets the stated requirements, proceed as follows:
1. all measured voltage samples are sorted from the lowest [1] the highest [N]
2. it is checked whether the maximum value (i.e. percentile 100%, sample with [N] index) is in
the range of -15% to +10% Unom, and if yes then this criterion is met,
3. it is checked whether the value of the sorted table with index [N * 0.95] (first integer number
greater than or equal to N * 0.95) i.e. percentile 95%, is in the range of -10%...+10% Unom.
If yes, this criterion is met.
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In case of the report on compliance with the standards and the section on measurement
statistics, the length of the bands indicates the percentile of samples (the horizontal axis in the
report ranges from 80% to 100%) that meet this criterion. For the RMS voltage, the statistics section
provides two separate parameters, for which separate assessment criteria are set:
Voltage (95.00% of measurements)
Voltage (100.00% of measurements)
Bands on the right shows the percentage of samples that meet the specified criteria. For
example, for 95% of the voltage measurements, if the band has the value 97%, it means that 97%
percent of the samples meets this requirement (above the required 95%), and the band will be green
(indicating that the criteria are met). If only 90% of the samples meet this criterion, the band will be
red, as the standard criterion is not met.
If the percentage of samples that meet the criterion is less than 80%, then the band displays text in
red "< 80%", which means that the criterion specified in the standard is not met and the percentile
is lower than 80%.
The tested network meets the quality criteria if all percentile bands in section MEASUREMENT
STATISTICS are green.
As in the first part, the frequency range is specified, where the values should fit to meet quality
criteria; if a given value does not meet the criterion, it is displayed in red with an additional asterisk
(*).
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Maximum (i.e. percentile of 100%) – the maximum voltage value among all samples in the
given channel,
Value 95.00% - percentile of 95% (95% of voltage samples have value lower or equal to a
specified voltage in volts),
Value 5.00% - percentile of 5% (5% of voltage samples have value lower or equal to a
specified voltage),
Minimum (i.e. percentile of 0%) – the lowest voltage value in the tested set of samples.
As in the first part, the voltage range is specified, where the values should fit to meet quality criteria;
if a given value does not meet the criterion, it is displayed in red with an additional asterisk (*).
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This section of the report presents the maximum 15-minute values recorded for the four parameters.
In meters supporting 4-quadrant energy counters, values of 15-minute 4-quadrant energy are
also recorded to calculate factors tan(φ)L+ (quadrant I) and tan(φ)C+ (quadrant IV). These
additional tanφ factors are then displayed in the second part of this section.
Minimum and maximum values shown in the summary are selected from among the recorded
average values. If these values are not recorded, they are ignored in the summary. If none of
these parameters is included in the recording, the summary report is not generated and an
appropriate message is displayed.
Clicking SAVE button will save the report displayed in the selected format: csv, pdf, html or txt.
An example of window with the summary table is shown in Fig. 66.
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Window GRAPHICAL SUMMARY, which presents a time plot of the effective values of voltages and
currents in measured channels (average values, as in the summary table), covering the whole
recording interval. If none of the required parameters was not measured, the window is not
displayed. The window of the plot has the same properties as the standard time plot window
described in section. 7.4.2.1. Example of summary plot is shown in Fig. 67.
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7.4.3 Events
Note: The feature is not available in MPI-540.
Pressing EVENTS button, changes the main window image into the one shown in Fig. 68. This
mode may be used to analyze all events recorded by the analyzer.
The recorded events are presented as dots in the graph.
In the bottom left part the selectable parameters are displayed as listed in the table .
The user may turn on/off the selected types by checking relevant boxes. The table displays only
selected event types.
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in meters that measure rapid voltage changes (RVC), dedicated RVC columns are displayed
for these events: RVC UMAX and RVC USS.
The analyzers that support polyphase voltage events and/or RVC (e.g. PQM-702) provide a
selection list SHOW POLYPHASE EVENTS , which has two options:
GROUPED – including polyphase events, which cover several channels - shown in a grouped
form of in one line. Column SOURCE shows channels, where the event occurred. Parameters
stated in the table, including start and end times, extreme, apply to events considered as
multi-phase (according to the requirements of IEC 61000-4-30).
SEPARATE – voltage events are listed separately, each channel is considered independently.
Yellow colour in SOURCE column indicates a polyphase event in accordance with IEC 61000-4-30.
This applies to both to GROUPED and SEPARATE views.
The concept of a polyphase event is used in relation to polyphase networks. Below we present
definitions of polyphase events as they are defined in standard IEC 61000-4-30.
Polyphase dip – in polyphase systems, a dip starts when URMS1/2 voltage in at least one
measuring channel is lower than the dip threshold and it ends when URMS1/2 voltage in all
measuring channels is equal to or greater than dip threshold plus the voltage hysteresis.
Polyphase swell – in polyphase systems, a swell starts when URMS1/2 voltage in at least
one measuring channel is higher than the swell threshold and it ends when URMS1/2 voltage
in all measuring channels is equal to or lower than the swell threshold minus the voltage
hysteresis.
Polyphase interruption – in polyphase systems, an interruption starts when URMS1/2
voltage in all measuring channels is lower than the interruption threshold and it ends when
URMS1/2 voltage in at least one measuring channel is equal to or greater than the
interruption threshold plus the voltage hysteresis.
These definitions specify that polyphase events include also dips and swell which occur in only
one phase in polyphase systems. In turn, a polyphase interruption takes place only when an
interruption occurs in all phases at the same time.
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Tip
Actions for zooming-in/zooming-out, moving and others (including marker
activities) shown in Fig. 69, Fig. 70, Fig. 71 are similar to those shown in
Fig. 60.
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Fig. 71 presents an example of a waveform. As two waveforms are assigned typically to this
event (start and end of the event), the colored boxes on the diagram mark the beginning ( START)
and the end (END) of the event. In case of a short event, the waveform will be continuous. If the
event duration is longer, there will be two waveforms (one at the beginning of the event and the
second at the end). The plot may be freely zoomed-in according to the principles described in the
sec. 7.4.2.1. Operations on the plot are the same as in case of the timeplot.
Waveforms may be saved in CSV format, which allows user to analyze them in spreadsheets.
All samples of enabled channels are saved. To save a waveform in this format, select EXPORT TO
CSV icon and specify a file name and location where you want to save the file.
Arrows PREVIOUS and NEXT in the toolbar allow you to switch automatically between successive
plots in the event list. Both plot windows: waveforms and RMS 1/2 will be updated.
Tick SET MARKER box to add the marked event to the list of selected events (in MARKER tab in
the event table) and to select MARKER next to the event in the table.
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MARKER window includes events selected by the user. In this table the user may move rows
(events), to arrange them according own choice. Rows are moved using "drag and drop" technique,
or by clicking and keeping the left mouse button on any cell in the line you can move it up or down.
All buttons in MARKER tab operate identical as in POINT tab.
Tariff A (single-zone - default name: C11) – the simplest type of tariff, which applies a
uniform rate throughout the period, regardless of the season, week and day. In this tariff,
you can only specify the cost per kWh.
Tariff B (multi-zone - default name: C12b) – a tariff, in which the user can specify from one
to three billing zones (time periods during the year are set to the nearest day). Each zone
enables may have periods with different rates defined for the morning peak and evening
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peak. The user may specify days of the week and hours of the peaks. The cost per kWh
of energy is determined separately for the morning peak, evening peak and off-peak pe-
riod.
Tariff C (annual - default name: C22b) – a tariff, where three kWh rates (for morning peak,
evening peak and off-peak period), where peak hours are the same for all days of the
week in a given month. The user may independently set peak periods for each month of
the year.
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for EVENTS, the data range (rows) may be reduced by using two sliders S (start) and E (end) in
the part with the dotted graph. Then press REPORTSUSER REPORT. To save the data in a desired
file format, select SAVE, and then indicate the location, name and format of your file. The data
formats are the same as described above for the measurements.
It is possible to export only selected events - mark the icon in MARK column next to selected
events and then, after choosing the MARKER tab, press REPORTSUSER REPORT and proceed as
described above.
The standard way to export data to csv files may be configured by selecting
OPTIONSPROGRAM CONFIGURATION, then clock REPORT SETTINGS icon and CSV SETTINGS tab.
The following features may be set here:
an option for dividing data into files of smaller size. To do this, select SPLIT FILE option and set
the maximum desired number of lines in a single file. If the report contains more rows that
defined in the settings, csv report will be divided into several files with names including
respective numbers. The first file number is 000000.
a character for separating the integer part from the decimal (dot or comma)
a character for separating values (semicolon is used as default),
a character for separating text fields (e.g. column headers).
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ESTIMATED RECORDING TIME – shows the approximate recording time, according to the current
configuration - shown in the following format: weeks(w) days(d) hours(h) minutes(m) second(s),
DETECTED EVENTS – the number of detected events - counted from the last recording start in the
measurement point. Sending a new configuration or switching-off the analyzer results in
resetting the counters.
This window also enables user to change the active measurement configuration, and remote
starting/stopping of the recording:
CURRENT CONFIGURATION – the user may select one of four measurement configurations from
the list to enable it. The currently used measurement configuration cannot be changed during
recording.
RECORDING CONTROL – two buttons are available: STOP and START, which may be used to stop
and start the recording process.
Window DATA REMOVAL is not available for PQM-707 and MPI-540 devices.
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8.3 Configuration
The user may change the default application settings after choosing from the program menu
OPTIONSPROGRAM CONFIGURATION.
The whole settings section, is divided into a few parts, marked by icons located in the top part
of the window
MAIN SETTINGS ,
ANALYZER CONFIGURATION ,
LIVE MODE ,
COLOR SETTINGS ,
DATA ANALYSIS ,
REPORT SETTINGS,
MEDIA SETTINGS.
After selecting any of them, detailed settings are presented in the middle part of the window -
they also may be divided into tabs.
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o EVENTS card includes criteria for voltage events: interruptions, dips and swells
BASIC
HARMONICS
The screen is shown in Fig. 78. Here, the user may set the limits for THD factor, and limit levels
for individual harmonics.
Setting limits for individual harmonics may be performed in two ways: completing the table
below the graph or directly on the graph. When the table is filled, after values are approved, the
graph located above presented the table visualization.
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To change the limit on the graph, double-click on a selected harmonic and then holding down
the left mouse button, set the desired level. Additionally, after selecting a harmonic, the following
keys may be also used:
SPACEBAR - used to enter the editing selected harmonic
ENTER - confirming values
TAB – confirming values and moving to the next harmonics,
UP and DOWN arrow - change the value of the limit,
LEFT and RIGHT arrow - used for moving to the previous or next harmonics,
HOME and END - jump between the first and the last harmonic.
Note
The level of THD and harmonics is referenced to the fundamental
component.
THD during recording in accordance with EN 50160 is always calculated
basing on the first 40 harmonics.
EVENTS
Fig. 79 presents screen for recording events according to EN 50160. The following features
may be set here:
thresholds for detecting voltage swells, dips and interruptions. These thresholds are expressed
as a percentage of the nominal voltage value that to be added to the nominal value.
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For example, swell tolerance of +10% Un means, that for voltage Un=230 V, the swell threshold
is Uswell = 230 + 23 V = 253 V.
Interruption tolerance of -95% Un, means, that event detection with a voltage equal to or less
than Uintr = 230 - 227.7 V = 2.3 V.
Time thresholds of interruptions: very short/short/long/very long/catastrophic. This values are
used for the classification of power-supply interruption events.
Notes
Voltage dip cannot be set lower than interruption.
Nominal voltage value is taken from measurement configuration main
settings (nominal values of mains system)
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ADDITIONAL
Fig. 80 shows the card for additional settings of EN 50160 standard. It contains:
panel for configuring limits for mains signalling,
threshold limit for tan,
field indicating activation of recording the 15-minute parameters (only for preview).
The criteria contained in the standard profile are sent to the analyzer when sending the
configuration. This allows the analyzer records the parameters required by the relevant standard,
e.g. Polish Profiles require the measurement of 15-minute average values of power and tan which
are not present for the remaining profiles. It also allows the user to generate a report on standard
compliance, applying the set of criteria (which the user may modify in relation to the default profiles
included in Sonel Analysis. Additionally, the program enables the user to generate a report, based
on the standard profiles stored in the configuration of Sonel Analysis.
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8 Other program options
CSV SETTINGS – enables the user to change the default way of generating CSV files: the number
of rows for a single file, selecting the character that separates the integer part from the decimal
(period or comma), the choice of separator individual values and selection of text delimiter.
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In PQM-700 and PQM-707 analyzers, the user cannot set parameters in this
tab. These settings are not supported by these meters.
In PQM-701 it is not possible to scan analyzers via GSM (except for PQM-701Zr), or
Wi-Fi.
Options related to the serial port are available only for PQM-701Zr.
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To speed up the search for analyzers connected through the serial port the option DO NOT
SEARCH FOR SETTINGS OTHER THAN PREVIOUSLY STORED has been added. If it is selected the program
stores the transmission parameters when an analyzer is found on the COM port to use them
exclusively during the next scan. This means that if a different analyzer with different parameters is
connected it will not be detected. If this is the case the new analyzer should be connected to another
COM port, or the option should be deselected. In both cases ensure that the transmission
parameters of the analyzer are specified in the settings selected on the card.
DELETE THE SAVED SETTINGS button causes the removal of settings for the detected analyzers,
which means that when a search is initiated all combinations of settings selected in the card are
used.
To speed up the analyzer detection process it is advised to narrow down the possible setting
combinations.
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9 Manufacturer
After confirmation by the user the update proceeds. Then, after it is completed, the analyzer
automatically disconnects and re-starts.
Note
The new version of the firmware may introduce new functionalities,
enforcing the change of the internal format of configuration files that will not
be compatible with the data already stored on the memory card. Therefore,
before updating the firmware, you must first download all data from the
analyzer and save them to disk.
After the update, clean the memory card by sending a new measurement
configuration.
Failure to follow these guidelines may prevent the read-out of data stored in
analyzer memory.
9 Manufacturer
The manufacturer of the software and provider of guarantee and post-guarantee services:
SONEL S.A.
Wokulskiego 11
58-100 Świdnica
Poland
tel. +48 74 858 38 60 (Customer Service)
E-mail: [email protected]
Web page: www.sonel.pl
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