EVERYDAY

JANUARY 1992

NMI
MI=
L =CTRONICS
INCORPORATING ELECTRONICS MONTHLY £1 .60

STEPPING MOTOR
DRIVER/INTERFACE
Xt
.et 4r7.0./iVr.C//eAriniNf ..."
. . :.
001;j4
!hal+
,
-- - ,L4
v. 4. !.

444 44. -

=. =
11.4
fir L..,I.1'T
.L.
*
.4.l....,'.11
,// 1.. .../
.L1
-.AAP

'11P aiL'
fo.

-.
/'''
1.-_.
7, L-. V---..-
1",/..''''''
"r .--
=574
-'.--ii,-._ c_._,-ILA-7176_:li
___,,,..'. ki---1"- -rLo i 441711--: -17f:Ori 4 II -L.:-.:
r--
rar-
=
r1dr.-
-
1-m"'0%

-8"....1 A hrr-- --"\-Alk l'--- "T"r%

git

paq-

"1":-...-j.

1 1111-11$

I
ilr=4.11

RANSI
t
\\\
_r.
ELECTRONICS oi
C OS SWD 01

9 262171 361 1 7

HE No. NDEPENDEN. T MAGAZINE for ELECTRONICS, TECHNOLOGY and COMPUTER PROJECTS

 EVERYDAYrRoNies
INCORPORATING ELECTRONICS MONTHLY ABC

VOL 21 No. 1 JANUARY 1992 The No 1 Magazine for Electronic & Computer Projects

ISSN 0262 3617

PROJECTS ... THEORY ... NEWS ...
COMMENT ... POPULAR FEATURES Proj'atx
TRANSISTOR CHECKER by Steve Knight 12
Check out unmarked or suspect semiconductors
MICRO -SENSE ALARM by Jason Sharpe 18
Protect your test gear and valuables with this novel alarm
STEPPER MOTOR DRIVER/INTERFACE by Mark Stuart 34
Stand-alone demonstration board, with computer interface facility
MIND MACHINE PROGRAMMER by Andy Flind 42
Part Two: Capture your best mood, and take the strain out of your brain!
SIMPLE MODEL SERIES
7- BISHOP ROCK LIGHTHOUSE by Owen Bishop 55
Simulated model of this famous shipping landmark

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND THE NATIONAL

CURRICULUM by T. R. de Vaux-Balbirnie 22
Part Three: Information Storage
INTERFACE by Robert Penfold 50
The spot for all computer enthusiasts - Improved Temperature Sensor
MAGNETIC RECORDING by Vivian Capel 52
Part Four: Head Driver Circuits
AMATEUR RADIO by Tony Smith G4FAI 61
Albanra's Back; USA Bombshell; RA Annual Report

featurex
EDITORIAL 11
EUROPEAN SHOW REPORT by Barry Fox 28
Barry unearths some of the latest trends and thinking at Europe's largest
home entertainment show in Berlin
CROSSWORD/WORDSEARCH by Malcolm Argent 32
A "simple" puzzle with an electronic theme for Christmas amusement
EVERYDAY NEWS 40
What's happening in the world of electronics
SHOPTALK with David Barrington 40
Product news and component buying
SIMPLE MODELS SERIES SPECIAL
EASIWIRE OFFER 54
DIRECT BOOK SERVICE 62
Selected technical books and all the EE books by mail order
PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD SERVICE 66
P.C.B.s for EE projects

FREE WITH THIS ISSUE

Wimborne Publishing Ltd 1991. Copyright in all
CRICKLEWOOD ELECTRONICS COMPONENTS
drawings, photographs and articles published in 1992 CATALOGUE Banded to all copies
EVERYDAY ELECTRONICS I. fully protected, and
reproduction or imitations in whole or in part are ADVERTISER'S INDEX 72
expressly forbidden.
Our February 'P2 Issue will be published on Readers Services Editorial and Advertisement Departments 11
Friday, 9 January f 992. See page 1 for details.

Everyday Electronics, January /992

 HARD DISC DRIVES CONTROLLER CARDS
20 Mb ( IDE - CONNER ) £ 79 IDE - AT 18BIT-2HDD/2FDD £ 17
END OF LINES
20 Mb ( MFM ) £ 79 IDE - AT 18131T-2HDD/2FDD/25/1P/IG £ 26 MODEMS - V22 BIS - 2400 BPS
40 Mb ( IDE £ 140 IDE - 8 BIT -XT E 29 AUTO DIAL / REDIAL / ANSWER FULL DUPLEX
100 Mb ( IDE - CONNER ) £235 IDE - 8 BIT -SLAVE / 1ST OR 2ND HDD £ 39 TONE & PULSE DIAL - BT & BABT APPROVED
MOUNTING KIT £ IDE - i.S ABOVE 18 BIT WORKS WITH MFM £ 45 SUPPLIED WITH EAZILINK COMMS PACKAGE

MOUNTING KIT (RAILS ONLY) £ 5 XT - MFM 8 BIT 2 HDD ONLY £ 38 MC2400 - INTERNAL £ 65
AT RLL - 2 x HOD £ 25
HARDCARDS AT MFM - 2x HOD / 2 x FDD £ 44 fs" - 720K EXTERNAL FLOPPY

AT RLL - 2x HDD / 2 x FDD £ 40 DISC DRIVE - NEW - GREY CASE E 26

20 Mb AT £105
20 Mb XT £125 I IDEAL FOR 1512 / 1640 COMPUTERS
fi" -1.44 M INTERNAL FLOPPY
40 Mb AT £170 35
40 Mb XT £185
MOTHERBOARDS DISC DRIVE - NEW - BLACK ONLY

100 Mb AT £265 5%" - 360K

* COMPLETE WITH I Mb MEMORY * INTERNAL FLOPPY DISC
100 Mb XT £285 DRIVE - NEW - GREY OR BLACK £ 24
IDEAL FOR 1512 / 1640 COMPUTERS 286 - 16 L/S 21 MHz £ 105
FLOPPY DISC DRIVES 286 - 20 L/S 25 MHz E 125 CGA CARD - FULL LENGTI4
386SX - 25 L/S 31 MHz £ 225 COMPOSITE & TTL £ 12
31/2" 1.44M INTERNAL £ 40 386SX - 25 WITH 64K CACHE £ 298
31/2" 720K INTERNAL £ SS 386DX - 33 WITH 64K CACHE £ 407 60 MEG TAPE STREAMER
61/2" 1.2M INTERNAL E 45 486DX - 33 WITH 64K CACHE E 786 DC600 - 51/4-" TRAY
OTHER 386 / 486 MOTHERBOARDS - PLEASE CALL
PRICE :
MONITORS
TILT & SWIVEL BASES ON ALL MONITORS SPECIAL OFFER MI ALL PRICES
14" SVGA+ I XVGA COLOUR £ 235 286 -16 SYSTEM
0.28 DOT PITCH - 1024 x 76f
FEATURES INCLUDE
INCLUDE V A T IMO
12" VGA PAPER WHITE £ 75 286-16 VS 21M11Z) ACCESSORIES
1 Mb ON BOARD MEMORY 5'4" ADAPTOR KIT FOR 3'." FDD E f.00
COMPUTER CASES 20 Mb HARD DISC IDE 5:" TRAY FOR 3 FDD
POWER LEAD FOR 3;" FDD
E 5.50
3.00
WITH 200W P.S.0 AND L.E.D.DISPLAY
Sr 1.44M FLOPPY I DC PIN TO EDGE CONNECTOR PCB 4.00
OD FDD CONTROLLER SNORT F D D CONTROLLER CABLE 2' E 4.00
FLIP -TOP WITH 3 BAYS £ 60
DESKTOP WITH 4 BAYS £ 80
IS I IP I IG LONG F D D CONTROLLER CABLE 4'
POWER SPLITTER
E 7.00
E 4.50
MINI TOWER WITH 5 BAYS £ 70 VGA CARD (256K) HARD DRIVE CABLES (MFM/RLD £ 6.00
KEYBOARD (102 KEYS) IDE HARD DRIVE CABLE ( 2 DRIVES ) E 6.00
MIDI TOWER WITH 5 BAYS £ 95 KEYBOARD EXTENSION CABLE 3.00
FULL TOWER WITH 6 BAYS £ 107 MINI TOWER CASE
CHOICE OF MONITOR
FDD EXTERNAL CASES
12" VGA PAPER WHITE £ 460
LET 4013BYKIT QUOTE FOR METAL GREY CASE SUITABLE FOR EXTERNAL
14" VGA COLOUR £ 545 MOUNTING OF FLOPPY DISC DRIVES, HARD DISC
DRIVES, TAPE STREAMERS, CD ROMS ETC

YOUR COMPUTER SYSTEM

14" SVGA+I XVGA COLOUR £ 640
51/4" CASE ONLY if
D 0 S SYSTEMS 53/4" CASE + LEADS FOR F D D
3,1" CASE ONLY if
KEYBOARD I MICE MS DOS 5.0 65 311" CASE LEADS FOR F D D £ 20
DR DOS 6.0 E 65

AT 102 KEY - UK - IBM CLICK

MOUSE - 3 BUTTON / MAT / ADAPTOR

ADD ON CARDS
£24
£15
110linur
CREDIT CARD HOTLINE
3 STATION NETWORK SYSTEM

ALL PARTS FOR 3 STATIONS SUPPLIED -

DRIVER SOFTWARE AND DATA. USES TWISTED
PAIR CABLE - EXPANDABLE - IMb TRANSFER
RATE - EASY INSTALLATION. E 57
1 x FDD CONTROLLER - XT/AT - ALL FORMATS EV
4 x FDD CONTROLLER - XTIAT - ALL FORMATS i3c1
081- 205 7485
VGA CARD - f OR 16 BIT - 256K E43
UNIT lq CAPITOL INDUSTRIAL PARK PLEASE ADD 3.00 TO ALL
SUPER VGA -16611- 5I2K £60 CAPITOL WAY. LONDON. NWq 0E0
1 SERIAL I I PARALLEL I I GAMES PORT £16 FAX NUMBER : Oil - 205 0603 ORDERS TO COVER POSTAGE

Everyday Electronics, January 1992

40P
SPINNING
HEART
A novelty circuit to impress your loved one on
Si. Valentines day. Novelties to tell your
sweetheart how you feel are often expensive.
Here is a clever liffle circuit that is bound to get
the message over and impress the one you love.
The spinning heart consists of 24 red le.d.s
arranged M the shape of a love heart. The lights
appear to move around the heart giving a
spinning effect which looks very effective.

TELESOUND
If you find your personal hi-fi is a little too
personal at times -in a hotel for instance. Then
this little gadget is for you. The Telesound plugs
into your personal stereo and into the aerial
socket of a TV set and hey presto! your tapes can
be played through the TV set

PROGRAMMABLE TIMER
A simple, easy to construct unit that will give time periods from microseconds to hours. The timer
has unlimited uses such as; TV sleep timer; alarm bell duration timer; lamp flasher; process or
cooking timer etc.

ELECTR NI
FEBRUARY ISSUE ON SALE FRIDAY 3rd JANUARY 1992.

Everyday Elecironics, January 1992 3

 V lEANC OM
740074010 0.86 BC54713 007 1447234 0.24 3000000 8.99 L iNt AR
n4r 1
74/4074067 3.32 8G547C 007 144735/4 0.34 32 COCOO 1.21
701074075 031 BC548 0.07 1447384 0.24 48 00001) 1.61
7414014094 ON 8C5440 0.07 N47404 024 5 868200 140 36308:"'" 3.40
.4 n. '. .I 740074318
7411074351
0.11
1.04
BC549
BC549B
0.07
0.07
1447434
147446
0.34
0.24 CAN 14033/3
3580A
47433
3 70
0 GO
TEL 081 471 9338 TLX 929709 VICOM G. FAX 081 552 0946 704014510 1.114 BC550 ON N47564 0.24 Freq. - MHz 5541526 2.50
74/409611 11.14 5055013 9.87 Nsn o.00 0 204800 11.23 555 0.20
DIGITAL INTEGRATED CIRCUIT SPECIALISTS 740074514 1.65 130550C 0.N N52328 0.00ea 0 307200 6. 116 5817460 11.08
7444074545 1.00 BC558 5.01 N523413 000 1 000000 3.96 60136 110
7411714516 1.06 BC5584 0.05 14533713 0.00 1 843200 171 881139 175
74/5347 043 748774520 0.00 8755613 0.00 143498 0.48 2 000000 4.65 93134137 654
MiCalldiallin 45798
45208
0.24
0.34
741 520
741_521
0.12
0.12 7415348
0.00
1.18
74437160
74140161 043
740070043
74/C7000
1.34
1.08 74/4074539 1.02 80557 0.07 0453520 0.41 2 097152 3.71 961028C 3.40
40008 0.10 45218 0.12 741522 0.12 7415352 0.79 7010162 0.43 74007032 5.50 74/1017007 025 005579 0.07 053570 0.41 2 457800 1.92 *0202.45 42.00
45220 741524 0.33 7414353 74110163 0.43 74$C7074 1.34 7411777046A 3.00 8C658 0.07 N53658 0.48 2 500000 1.12 4020425 33.45
400003 0.11 0.72 0.116
4001A 011 45268 0.40 741526 0.12 741.5363 1.31 74H0144 0.43 74/407075 1.34 7040140102 1.44 5C5534 0.07 9453068 0.48 3000000 2.25 4323220 4.55
0.10 45276 0.44 741527 0.12 7415364 1.38 74001115 0.55 74877078 2-64 74810740103 1.48 8755813 0.07 1453708 0.44 40231.114 5.43
400113
4031UB 0.12 45288 6.46 741525 4.12 7415365 024 741401136 0.34 7400721313 0.04 74+10740104 1.82 575594 0.07 053600 0.4 CAN 410441/11441 60215.94 6.16
400213 0.11 45298 0.113 741.530 4.12 744.53654 026 7017173 0.51 70477202 0.77 74117140105 1.40 8C55913 0.07 05* 011 Frog 4143 A023804 4.72
40068 0.30 45308 1.48 744.532 0.13 7415368A 0.32 7017174 037 70/77234 0.77 BC5604 0.07 05402 011 3.276800 1.96 6024621 15.74
4007U13 0.11 45315 811 741533 0.13 7415367 0.26 7017175 617 74/4740102 9.4111 I BC5807 0.07 1182874 1.54 5.038000 2.26 605246D 16.30
400813 0.31 453:T 0.74 -11537 0.14 74'_,S",.- '17 7,1!10'!! 1 1: -' '-',`" - 0.84 w, ON VS,. 7 :3- .-1-- -.- ',17, 1.40 151720 141 4'35384J0 7875
40094E 0,10 4534 3.111 741530 0.13 74153686 1.32 74817182 0.40 '444040 ,,"5 100 041447 74 A 4000 0097, 0.30 104825 1.40 6 000000 1.11 A D548.414 1.53
400938 0.10 4536 1.00 741540 0.13 7414373 0.42 741401110 0.80 Swim Including 0D,3, 0.62 174627 1.40 1000000 2.211 AD553.1N 20.06
40109 0.10 4538 0.57 741542 0.23 741.5374 0.42 7040191 0.54 111041154212.14M 2.4.. M°.°1 80735 0.42 155252 0.20 ,1 05920 2.80 6057420 24.20
40110 0.11 4539 002 741.547 0.50 7444375 0.44 7040112 0.52 602416 0.00 5062-2800 0.411 12 00000 1.14 40501214 5.40
40111.43 0.12 4541 0.04 741548 006 7415377 0.70 7040193 040 7400100 022 14,.1. 5D2427 0.32 5082-2010 1.40 14 00000 2.25 413555A0 23.64
40128 0.11 4543 0.62 741.549 002 7415178 040 7017194 0 45 74110702 0.22 ' . . 50243 0.50 5002.2E435 0.44 16 00000 1.14 6135904(01 9.12
74551 7415379 0.84 74140195 045 7040103 0.22 B05 15 0.71 46449 0.04 20 00800 1.52 60592014 14.11
40138 0.17 4544 1.44 0.11
40148 0.28 4547 1.711 741554 0.11 7415381A 3 OS 7040221 0.62 7410104 0 22 80675 0 St 66144 0.72 24 00000 1.10 6059440 2.58
40155 0.31 45498 4.24 74/555 0 13 741.53115 2 22 7040237 0.49 74140706 022 2472194 0.21 50676 0.52 44216 045 AD595/40 4.04
40168 0.10 45510 1.00 741573 020 7415308 0 41 741172311 0.50 7487710 022 2812222 020 00679 0.54 BAVIO 007 CAM 1444 6059560 10.80
401713 0.25 45535 142 74/5734 0.20 74/5300 0.39 7487240 047 74147711 0.22 2022224 0.22 Bow SSG 5AV45 2.10 Fr411. -54113 40625.10 9.52
40188 0.26 455413 AU 741574 016 7415303 0.34 74810241 0.44 74140114 0.24 202243 0.70 B0743C 1.10 5644462 0.00 0.000404 2.25 6064420 2.41
45558 915 7415744 010 744-5305 0.01 74/40242 064 704C520 0.20 202369 0.24 130785 1.12 84816 0.04 8 192000 2.02 60654.10 7.41
40108 0.34
10208 0.4 45568 1.44 74/575 021 7415.1954 064 74/7243 0.0 74140121 016 204236434 024 805878 2.78 88204 0.32 1000000 2.25 6070544 1.74
40216 0.32 45510 1.91 741576 0.22 741_5396 1 227414244 0.43 74447127 0.22 202464 032 80596 3.04 1113212 2.10 II 00200 2.25 6070720 2.34
40228 0.32 45588 148 744.5764 0.24 7415309 004 7400245 0.47 74147150 0.22 202994 071 BF 19S-7 0.07 864058 0.22 12 amp 2.00 6070620 5.45
40238 0.11 456013 LW 744477 002 7415481A 4.97 74/40251 8.34 7487132 0.22 2742005 012 BF199 0.22 1313809 140 15 00000 2.26 4071120 1.88
4023U5 0.17 45610 1.16 7415784 0.22 7414480 411 74140253 0.15 74110042 0.46 27429086 0.32 13F200 0.16 135179 0.42 1000000 2.110 6071220 2.51
40248 0.21 45620 2.85 7(533 0.34 7415490 0.10 7400257 0.36 74*10773 0.36 2112007 0.30 8F25613 034 81260200 3.00 2000000 2.23 6D71344 9.83
40258 0.11 45668 248 74/5634 0.37 7415502 2.40 74147258 060 74417174 0.24 2029074 0.30 8F2560 0.38 135261.200 3.011 21 00000 2.25 40724544 10.07
40260 0.57 456813 UM 741565 0.34 74/5540 0.91 7040259 0.51 74744"175 034 202923 030 BF259 0.40 00026 100 0.78 24 00000 2.86 607248214 10.17
40273 0.10 4580E4 2.14 74/586 0.22 744.5547 0.71 74140266 0.44 741-10165 0 00 2143053 0-34 8F324 0.34 07V32-50 1.80 47 73441 2.00 6073620 9.71
40288 0.21 4572B OM 741590 0.24 744.5546 4.43 7411C273 0.41 74071416 0.34 2743055 008 13F424 0.12 000205 0.40 *074100 0.02
40298 0.30 457235 0.94 741591 0.74 7444566 1.62 74847779 0.34 7487793 0.51 203441 1.20 BF450 0.30 05160 0.40 CRYSTALS 111110. 4137523294 4.07
40308 0.10 45008 8.411/ 741.592 0.29 74/5569 1.14 7040290 0.40 747477707 040 2143553 0.98 BF454 0.22 5151404 15.90 Fre9. - WM A075231444 6.110
40310 0.N 45810 2.98 741593 0.24 7414590 4.114 707263 0.40 741-171709 0.42 203684 161 BF 494 0.18 515209 1.20 042200 0.40 60753720 21.00
40328 0.41 45620 IN 744.595 0.31 741.5593 4.92 7010296 0.00 74005112 042 2743702 0.10 BF,* 0.211 06200 0.10 MINI CYL 40754120 MINI
40338 0.50 45838 0.57 744446 0.44 744.5595 3.30 74110299 104 746,71,23 0.64 203704 010 BF004 000 04202 0.20 0032760 0.02 A0754200 11.40
403413 0.72 45848 0.44 744.5107 0.25 7415597 3.38 741/7323 1.07 746,01125 0.54 2113706 0.10 8F9151 0.90 0647 0.14 WATCH *0754720 24.17
40358 0.34 45058 014 744.51074 0.28 74142' 1.711 7487154 0.37 741101126 0.30 203725 0.74 ElF962 0.00 0490 0.14 A0758944 11.20
403613 1.75 459713 4.411 7485109 0.25 7415622 1.10 7480356 0.44 14/477 132 0.50 2943759 2.10 BFG65 579 0491 0.11 607576204 9.48
1.311 7010365 74H07137 052 203010 BF991 P44(E364 OAS 413757111481 2448
403613
40398
0.43
1.78
45558
45588
4.44
3.81
741.11094
7418112
0.24
0.25
741.5623
7415624 2.10 7487303
0.13
0.36 741-405436 0.34
005
2943006
0.54
1.20 BFWI 0 Ill
0.112
9348474 0.00 A0759004
4078211411
18.01
18.64
40400 0.25 47206 LIS 741.81124 0.27 7415625 2.39 7040367 0.33 741407139 21431204 011 N X48 0.40 11164/1614116

40418 0.32 47205 587 7415113 0.44 7415826 2.18 74140336 035 741401447 0.54 2143905 0.12 BF X85 5.58 i SOLDER TAIL 443752134(0 21.40
40420 0.26 47235 5.99 74151114 0.46 7444627 2.33 7400373 0.45 741101151 0.12 2143906 0.10 430020 0.30 407040/0 21.01
7415628 2.10 74117374 0.47 741107153 004 2943958 2.12 BFxse 6 91-1/0 3 0.06 407845.111 1591
4043/3
40448
0.32
0.32
47248
473109
1.39
0.91
744.5114
74151144
0.44
0.46 741.5629 043 74110375 0.51 744407454 /II 2144037 0.4 OF150
1.14
0.34 525930755 2.00 8 Pno) 3 0.04 40790.174 MOO
40458 0.61 4737VP 23.20 744.5122 0.33 7415640 0.14 74/10377 0.51 74871,57 0.44 274405 230 gp552 0.34 82593015 2.06 14 P1490 3 0.05 40132744 14.11
404613 0.30 4730VP 24.45 7415123 0.33 74/5641 0.86 74140306 0.19 70 -CT IN 0.44 2144062 0.32 BF 590 OW BZY93C1101 2.08 16 Pin/0 3 0.10 401344411 8.70
404713 0.41 4752VP 37.96 741.5125 0.28 74156411 1.24 74140340 0.49 741-07460 ON 204091 878 85107 0.28 B2593C20 2.10 15 Pin/03 0.11 40647.114 6.04
404613 0.23 4753VP 11.88 744.51254 0.30 74.5642 002 74817393 0.46 74877181 0.311 2044,23 0 10 85170 0.48 132593024V 2.16 20 9141/0 3 0.12 60(448.144 8.04
40498 0.10 4754VP 11111 7415120 0.28 7415542.1 2.41 7440423 0.14 741407162 0.54 2144124 0.20 135250 0.52 525930338 2.116 22 975/0 3 0.14 606484114 494
40494113 0.17 40005 LM 7415128A 0.21 7415643 0.14 74117521 0.64 70177153 0.54 2144125 0.11 135F460 OAS 8.27030120 SAO 24 Pln/0 3 0.11 44000161(04 13.04
40508 0.10 40097 OM 7415132 0.21 7415614 044 74147533 0.64 74007164 0.52 21141211 0.32 85520 0.38 E120131C13/2 0.09 24 Pvn/0 6 0.14 A0193613KN 22.40
40518 0.34 40008 SAS 7415133 0.28 74156401 2.48 7400534 0.00 70107165 0.32 2042216 2.90 65021 0.48 82 X61C24V 0.00 28 544/0 6 0.16 40008011.00 27.10
405213 0.31 40100 1.14 7415138 0.24 7415845 0.00 7040540 OM 701771138 0.52 204236 3.72 05061 1.96 32 Pin/06 0.22 61301032701 8.36
40538 0.31 40101 0.76 744.5137 0.82 74156451 1.28 7017541 0.0 743107173 0.52 274001 0.18 871315134 1.10 ZENER 010038 40 Pin/0 6 0.22 A0001334004 6.87
405413 0.49 40102 OM 7415138 0.36 7415648 5.58 7010583 CIO 70107174 0.52 2144403 0.10 BUNN 3.15 400011 400313380034
001 593 7415130 030 7415061 SW 70/0564 ON 744407175 042 1.40 Buz, 1 140 2.41/ to 75V TURNED PIN 11.04
405.35
40568 0.48
40103
40105 1.N 7415145 8.112 7415862 5.11570/0573 84 74007181 2.40
2144921
2115401 01e 13U2114 to P17. 14 owch GOLD 600002300004
40408 3.43 40106 4.40 741.5147 0.16 74154468 8.82 70405734 IN 70107182 0.00 2145415 0.73 8122476 11.19 11.36
40006 030 40107 8.14 7414148 0.72 7415869 11.118 74110574 64 741107190 004 205449 008 IRF214 1.14 ZENEA 0100E5 6 P,n/0 3 0.18 A00000310413.30
401338 544 40100 1.44 74.5151 0.25 7415870 OM 74440510 10 741407191 0.14 205459 0.13 iRF220 1.77 500414 8 P77770 3 9.111 6000641704 7.14
401160 8.16 40110 1.20 7415153 0.24 7415873 2.80 74147590 .04 744107192 0.14 21454835 0.441 2113 030 2.411 to 2009 14 Po400 3 0.31 4017011041CN 7.118

40670 1.16 40114 1.4$ 745154 0.74 7415674 3.50 7040592 80 74107143 5.54 2745876 1.33 2175 IIIM 91444 844 each 16 Pon/0 3 533 A0008041.01114
40488 0.11 40116 8.141 744.5156 0.34 74/5682 1.71 741105133 12 14801194 0.91 2140034 023 J270 882 16 Pon/0 3 5.30 7.54
40011143 ON 40117 1.08 7414150 0.34 745683 1/1 7400595 II 741407195 0.78 200037 0.73 24104 11.49 1311/401010045 20 Pon/0 3 445 ACC.0100701 1.87
40708 0.11 40147 1.411 741.0157 020 7415664 1.71 7040567 71 70107221 0.N 2146050 3.12 000070, 1.14 1.3 WATT 22 Pon/0 3 CM 4000817006
407113 0.11 40160 0.52 7415158 0.25 74146135 1.71 7040620 04 741107237 0.10 200051 3.00 14JE13070 1.10 2.71/ 10 2009 24 Pon/0 3 9.14 2396
40728 0.11 401451 0.42 74/5180 0 34 7415886 2.70 74147823 .09 741.77238 OAS 2146054 2.20 m J03,0 5.54 Pnce 10p peek 24 Pe7790 8 014 ACC0111000V 0.111
40730 0.11 40162 0.52 74141804 0 40 7415887 2.42 74140533 .011 741407240 0.82 206056 1.04 5436350 1.10 26 Pin/0.6 SAN ADON4400N
40758 0.11 40163 0.62 741.5161 0.36 74154111 1.70 7040540 10 741107241 0.82 21415037 2.24 5*36520 0.06 MAWR 010031 32 5 rt/0 6 8.96 12.N
40768 0.35 40174 0.54 744.51614 000 741-51189 1.70 74110643 115 74007242 0.741 21480138 2-06 1419530311 11.18 3.0 WATT 40 Pon/0 6 0.70 4001031010 17.21
40770 0.11 40175 0.54 74151824 0.40 741.5043 3.00 7400645 N 741107243 0.64 206100 0.7$ upg005 0.15 7.51142701 40 Pon/0 6 8.04 MX1038010 16.40
40708 0.11 40192 0.82 7444163 0.34 744.5794 316 741.40646 .19 70401244 043 846125 2.16 4.494413 9.12 914* Op sweR 64 Pon/0 75 2.10 *00044(0.10 12.50
406113 010 40193 0.82 741.51634 0.30 7414796 122 7414446 19 74/07245 0.62 206304 0 le 14P5403 0.32 64 Pon/0 9 2.00 40/4091/411 1.90
40628 0.11 40195 0.75 7(5104 0.34 741.57911 1.22 7010661 55 741401251 0.114 206517 0.34 408092 8.34 =414 POOLS 407912149 18.30
40658 0.32 40240 1.36 741.5185 0.48 7415797 132 74440352 N 748171253 0.34 208519 014 MP5409 2.21 5.0 WATT *0035017074
401368 0.25 40244 1.35 74/5146 0.53 7415641 1.34 74140858 02 744107257 0 41 269860 1.45 147913P011 3.110 3.3910 20V 21.87
40898
40038
40648
0.71
018
000
40245
40257
40373
1.38
1.48
1.40
7415106
7415109
7414170
0.51
0.53
0.00
MM.= 7617693
74140534
7640165
02
02
02
741177254
741407292
74007273
044
0.71
0.1111
2800
2147061
2581294
0.75
9.99
544
07147
0019
0745
Lep
1.86
465
Pr .ce

ZENER moms
44444/414
764301349
7805
1.15
0.30
41302014604
4134320114544
3.80

10.71
40058 0.64 40374 1.40 7415173 0.54 704000 11.13 741401170 74 74001203 0.98 251(2445 535 0072 0.90 STUD MOUNT 70054 5.36 600907004 1.00
40968 0.00 45000P MU 74151734 0.90 704002 0.11 7040377 55 70407203 5.68 35K45 155 0075 0,50 20 WATT 780504 0.41 41401503 17.25
40975 1.22 45026 4.20 745174 0.20 70067 0.13 741176715 Oa 70147290 1.44 35805 9.69 main 0.00 7 59 10 7511 7008 430 4112131.0290 TM
40960 0.40 45027 5.75 744175 0.30 704004 0111 7040860 55 70407354 0.N 40406 1.00 002112 0.02 E.,., t3.10 7808 0.30 414261431041 1.35
10998 0.38 AWN 4.08 7451131 54 70404204 0.19 7010642 64 741177358 0.0 40873 2.44 P70643 0 11 7809 4.38 /4420/53190 1.38
41048 7.44 7414182 1.N 704005 0.14 74140184 2.0 74877165 0.54 97140-18 5.49 TICINO 971 7512 0.341 451261.532A09*
0.74 45040
41088 0.58 45041 1.04 7415183 LW 7411008 0.17 7410081111 8.79 741147385 0.64 5014601 GM TiCP2O9D 0.11 78124 8.10 166
41008 0.110 45106 536 7410106A 1.00 701010 4.15 741405110 110 74007337 0.14 87149 545 71051060 0.34 7815 439 41412111533400
41618 014 45100 3.011 741.6190 0.44 744401 i 11.13 74140991 1.00 70407363 0.114 57151 0.34 719115 058 7818 4.36 3.114
416313 0.04 45138 1.48 741.5191 0.41 748714 OM 7414002 1.111 74007373 0.38 57138 034 119121 0.00 1 843200 1.82 7824 CU 4242913697 2.41
41745 0.98 45151 15.08 7415192 0.39 7414C144 436 74140603 1.10 104CT374 0.54 BC 169C 014 TIP145 1.37 2 000300 1.08 70105 11-2111 451298260C 3.22
41758 OM 45152 7415193 039 701020 4.14 74H008e 1.88 74007377 0.64 137179 0.04 11P2955 1.12 2 457000 IAN 701054 CU 451873890 540
419413 1.10 45156
1112111
1348 74/51544 0.43 7411021 11111 7400507 115 741107300 ON e014.2 0.04 TIP30 se 3 276800 6.911 78112 11.35 49.491132CPC 1.86
44109 12.46 45157 11.384 7414195A 0.42 748727 6.11 746001 146 744407342 0.01 541824 0.04 TIP3056 1.38 1579545 1.14 711.12A 530 01191141303143
4411P ISIS 45150 11.94 74/5198 0.44 704730 111 74440190 1.08 741101521 0.N 8718213 003 71931 544 1088400 1.14 78115 57/ 5.20
ON am 4.000000 1.10 71124 45495510C 9.98
1.10
III
8011521. 11.261
4412FP 27.99 45150 1010 7414197 000 7441432 11.19 764711302 0.24 74444015214 7/11324
44121/0 12.10 454013 2.10 744.5221 0.43 74/4042 ILO 741404015 0 72 744477533 001821.5 0.07 T1P47 so 4 000030 1.19 701.513 A7-3-1270 3.09
44161 10.74 45407 11..04 7414240 043 7411061 0.10 741404016 000 70407534
9.1111
WM 50183 0.07 v2751A13 tin 4 194304 1.14 756.805 8.45 A7-5.1013 3.59
44109 4.44 45411 13.26 741.5241 0.40 7441056 8.311 74444017 030 701471540 1184 9011137 007 1340,000 500 4 433819 1.10 706606A 614 A7 -5-1013A 824
064 0 07 1.18 4.804040 1.04 705412 0.48 45-5.1136 046
42119P 4.96 45428 18.72 7(5242 0.41 704073 1118 74919.4020 0.40 741477541 801034. 4042460$13
442998 5.00 45440 14.06 7415243 0.40 7481074 0.27 741404022 0.38 741107583 CS BC 154 0.07 V149048 2.96 4.915200 139 7961124 11.411 1346100 1.811

44339 11.04 4411P 16.40 7415244 018 748075 0.27 748174024 033 74877584 1855 5716413 0.07 080404.043 502 5.000000 1.14 7854134 ILO 8A0206 108
44439 11.95 44424/P 13.50 745245 038 704076 0.27 70104028 030 741407573 5.84 801641 007 19040042 9.00 5.004900 1.18 716.815 SY 846251 2.10
444791 OM 4412FP 27.04 745247 030 7411077 0.34 74104040 033 74H01574 ON 8C1841C 0.00 19010643 4.0 5 242/380 1.30 7906 tall 8441505 1.00
446791 4.14 44900 1.110 7(5246 034 741045 0.32 7047-4046 1.30 70407361 1.38 90212.18 0 OS 275212 tie 0 000003 1.10 7905A ILO 0414.5118 0.31
44009 22.15 44949 4.00 7415249 0N 740,04 0.20 741404044 0.37 7411071340 La BC2124 0.07 r43,237 els 8144030 1.10 7905FA SN CA14589 0.82
440017 1.16 44950 4.20 7415251 0.72 7040107 0.27 741474050 0.37 70101043 OM 8021213 0.07 275300 010 6 400003 104 7908 LSO 7A30264 1.7e
7410253 7480100 0.27 740,4051 4.70 872121 007 0.24 5567000 1.21 7812 Lae CA3045 8.30
441239 152 44999 LSO 0.34 0.81 701071545 2103131_
7372030
0.50 7040112 0.27 7414C4052.4 0.74 741107646 1.38 8027218 0011 275320 0.30 0.70 7912A 6.110 C43046 0.74
44649 4.811 45000 5.36 741_5256
44059 412 744.5257 0.30 7400113 0.27 70404033 11.74 74007644 1.211 BC213 007 27%510 0.10 110300133 110 79129A 9.11 043033 1.57
0.24 0047230 1.34 7915 9-19
44099 1L00 IIMPWCIIIM 74152574 0.34 7040121 0.34 741404063A 574 7444771451 110 502131 0.07 27%454
9.630000 1.31
CA3064 0.04
45008 136 741.52534 0.38 74117125 0.31 70/04090 11.01 7007352 1.10 130214 001 27)(551 5.34 7918 LW CA2058 1.20
43011113 0.21 741 SOL, 0.10 74/5259 048 7017128 0.12 74/104051 1.70 741407870 1.14 80214/ 010 789450159_ 444 1000000 1.15 7924 SU CA3076AT 3.42
50237 0.04 10130600 1.90 791.124 5.48 CA3079 OM
45025
45038
032
0.42
741501
141 502
0.10
0.10
7415260
74/5286
0.20
010
7040131
74117132
0.35
0.32
701040111
70174036A
CU
11.34
74007673
748771613
1.10
1.10 07307
97327
0.4
0.07
imi. 11 00000
12 00000
1.14
1.15
794405
7914084
4.115
0.81
CAXOCE
CA3081
0.70
ON
45048 1.37 741 503 0.10 741.5273 062 74/171331 0.32 741404072 549 748774002 0.26
7400137 0.51 741404075 8.31 701074015 074 9C325 0.07 012986118 18.20 1317030 2.48 798405/4 5.85 CA3002 1.32
45058 3.40 741504 0.19 7415275 8.10
11.88 741505 0.10 7415279 0.31 7417138 0.12 741010713 CM 7414074018 0 52 BC33' 0.07 9438131 2.04 14.00000 144 795412 6.114 74,3083 1.32
4.5061.15
45068 0.73 741506 0.73 7415280 0.86 7487139 8.21 7047/094 5.48 70074017 011 80331.25 000 1431397/4 CM 14 31018 9-1e 7914124 ILO CANON 4.80
451013 0.28 741507 0.35 7415283 0.0 74117141 541 747/74511 WM 74/014020 0.74 80409 624 N4001 .54 1474500 1.18 1543178 3.15 CA3067E 1.10
45118 0.40 74506 0.10 7415290 0.14 74140147 541 74404614 1410 7411774024 0.54 8700 030 144002 444 15.03003 1.19 11413177 554 7A30044/ 2.01
45128 030 74509 0.12 7415293 0.24 7400148 8.37 74H04615 1.19 7431C14040 0.70 00576 0.22 144003 ..4 1600004 1.111 1.1113206412 Lie CA1014160 2.111
2.4 741 510 7487151 0 31 74/4044046 110 94517 0.20 144006 G.G. 18.43200 1.11 4.54320740 2.38 0430670 2.48
0.10 144.52954 0.84 741104518 5.54
451313
451413 544 741 511 2.10 7415298 0.83 7040153 0 31 74004520 Illa 7414010046A 2.10 07546 0.06 144007 ..., 19 WOW 140 1163307-12 2.34 043100E 1.1111

0.10 7017154 0.98 7410,46311 574 7411710351 7306464 ON 144146 GAG 20 00000 1.11 103201-15 2.111 CA311E 040
45158
45158
0.16
0.33
741512
7(513 0.18
741-5299
7415321
1.11
3.77 7040156 0.47 74/404543 0.74 7414014052
0.4114
044 0754813 0.06 914149 us 22.11840 115 043401-5.0 4.44 CA3127E 2.02
45179 0.00 74/514 on 7415322A 115 7400157 0.33 70107001 SN 744014053 0.84 07547 0.07 44150 0.011 2400000 1.00 1143401-12 0.46 0A3130131 13.20
4511313 0.35 741515 0.13 7413323 1.7/ 70401513 8.22 748407002 CO 7414014060 0.14 1305474 0.07 144446 0.011 27 64100 1.36 1_143407.15 OM 0113130E 1.10

4 Everyday Electronics, January 1992

 M70081 1.42 519520P 7.25 6380306 1110 SC626748037440 10.24 622564.6-12 4.06
CA31406 SP CL8211CPA 2.34 L1411111 4.74 11435011 5.83
MAX232CPE 3.90 56751074N 1.57 6502 3.40 5C6267413C47440 142 62256LP-10 4.16
CA31416 1.42 CL8212CPA 1.10 LM11711 20.70 L 6360Z 4.34
772 MA X232EWE ,5340 11.116 567510785 5.57 65026 3.811 5C5261314C1624 11.13 CO2461164E3 510
CA31466 1.11 ICl/171701PG 7.00 L4411141 20.26 L11438014
5675104844 2.10 65020 106 SC71201314C1626 11.111 C04251176E3 5.65
04311104 1.35 1014720741PC 610 L1411911 17.06 13434074 913 MA X359CP6 6.10
22.93 LA43616 4.84 MAX452CPA 5.34 56751004N 2.46 6520P 3.10 50626514C11440 516 61/414116.5 2.55
CA31616 1.41 10472071PD 6,76 1.34112.1
24.10 13434314-100 4.00 14010103P 1.24 567511066 1.57 6522 3.60 5074211114C1424 4112 544341164 3.15
CA.11326 6.30 C14711141PL 4.00 1.241262
3.63 L1437674 1.31 12C1360P 3.10 5/4751126 4.10 65224 7.911 SC7428914C1425 SU 1414111(16-2 210
CA31826 1.30 101472114141PL 4.911 1.1141242
4.61 L M I2CLK 1115 LM3776 153 401377 4.93 5447511304 427 6551 1.10 STOW 1.311 1414811636-3 2.40
043111126 1.11 CM721241.11PL
LM131/1 163006 1.00 MC1413P 0.74 SN7S112N 117 65514 2.61 S765224 3.10 /025117161 3.10
CA32406 1.34 1C447216412 2772 20.14
0.44 CM721741PI 1.18 LM13411 10.11 LM3805 14 2 it 1.401441146 3.40 5575115N 1.31 65012142 6.61 576551 /40 76482256LP.12 7.60
CA3246 195 TMP110854P.2 3.69 14146204AL6.12 4.20
1.N 10647217812 11142 L0413061 10.00 L24313074-8 2.10 114C1454085 2.63 56751166 3.110 65CO2P3
C63210E
CA32906
c415116r2
4.11 1CM7217111
1CM7216412
10.42
141
LM1340014
131137006
144
133
LUNN AN
L3138114
565
4.53
MC 14.85P
INC 145P
0.40
0.32
56751246
56751366
2.42
3.10
65010292
65C22P2
0.40
5.07
7445347761
TM577c,0144L
12.19
2.20
014825445P-20
140402676.35 s
320
9.23 7/4599001L 36.49 1415321161.640 25.50
12113962 1605 143837 434 MC148111. 1.44 S4475,385 4.41 6.5C5161 3.116
CAME 0.21 106472111C1J1 11.41
56751406 3.11 65G51E2 4.445 045060551 7.22 14140112011,17 23.20
117 1G34721110U1 441 LL4 1 Mu 3.31 1143645 4.57 MC 14011P 0.58
CA3420E 5.02 TMS990244141. 7.91 1816n60A1P.10 4.N
229 143654.6.12 2.00 14014894 010 514751506 1.12 68000CP 10
CANOE GU K44172111EUL 10.10 L14145611
522 60000CP 12 7.72 7145900641. 7.34 1.14811413.101. 220
1.06 1143654.P-2 5 LOS 1.4C14430P 11.41 56751516
CA556C6
CA741C$
621 4047224163.
111 10117221211611.
11.14
3$30
L4145854
L3412566 4.46 LM30664.1 2 2.11 MC15501
45033016
In 574755521
55751546
0.311
1.91
68000GP1
640380610
4.N
7.70
TUNG i 4.4741.
71.4590204744.
50.40
179
45444646-1S
MCM2114P45
5.14
2 00
001112C554 OM 1061722761111 11.14 14146.2 16.18 14534445.1/5450 5.416 41.011

0.44 1CM723201166. 7.72 114149641 2.30 11/131366 1.72 1.1C33026 0.14 SN75155P 1.34 610080.15 5.16 14559995./131. SIM 14621024N-21 214
0745313 2.47 u m 52G218. 10 CIO M5M21141-3115 220
IAA L AI 155844 5.75 1436614.5 1.43 mG3479P 7.92 574751576 1.11111 55029
C311205 DAN
2.79
1CM72421PA
1CM72491DM 1442 L 1,4 , 5515.1 5.73 1M3866 311 ../^....,,,, 44 .8:19 98 2C574 5.10 P211441.2 2.00
DAC/SEP
DACOICP in
3.49
42M7560015A
ICM75561PA
1.47
0.64
114157801
L141155.114
20.43
15.40
11439766
LM31176
1.27
3.15
MC352342
1.4040246
3.161
614
SN 151596
55751001574
5.77
7.35
6505E26
6610P
9.11
2.41
u M (.AUG244,2
uM C62C218.12
4.111
4.111
P211461-4
65.1351010
2.10
3.110
DACONCACN 1.13 162862120 314 IMM20164P-10 3.10
1.30 1415811 UM 1030811-1 2.41 4C4044P 535 557510146 9.31 86219
DAG011031GN 2.11 105475561P0 5/615528440 310 156021 1410-5 110
DAGONOLCN 12.3$ 4C171041609L 31.111 L1.116171 14.33 11239006 0.72 1AC12 ON 56751621144 11.71 6640P 3.10
216 1.15 56751726 4.56 5444P 17.31 UP1521211C LOS U5604018C. I 330
DA001132LGN 7.13 ICU MOCK 11.79 1.5116016 2.42 LM360074 1410701
1.41117754 7.13 1123131114 316 143453285 3111 55751735 4.14 68451. GM 1.110701040-1 11.111 UP134016G-5 3.00
0A01000106 1110 1C17107CPL 11111
(360701060.10 1AC/13256A34j 10L
55751745 68456 9.111
DAC1008LCN
DAC 10011LGN
1111111
WM
0171090P1.
1GL 7116GPL
6.011
11.3$
1.1.1188164
1.5118516N
UN
419
LM39141
14301574
3.61
620
141.451516745
45A45417446
13.32
14.52 56751755
3.25
129 6645SP
111.10
6.93 UP070115C4 11.21 22
SN75176454 140 564.006 7.02 5560701160.10 12.01 15613432560-12 5.10
DAC1020LCN 1157 1C17126CPL 135 L21180414 4.14 163111174 4.10 1465827485 11.10
446/58274C5 5575176436 2.20 66400P 7.63 1161372014G SAO 1104364G- 15 2.00
101 74064.64 17.81 16193411 L63226 1.54 6.30
DAC1201KPV 14.30
414 1.33
111.157
1111 L1230346 1.42 MP0007C11 2.62 567517786 2.74 1564216 1.13 UP07201C ea
130200C2
00201443 4.37
1GL 7611DGPA
1C4.7621DCPA 1.111
L4519314
LM194459S 315 1243036 0.40 MUX03-EP 4.52 51475179E16 2.0
2.10
16.4406 413
2.13
06076640
UPD40066G-2
0.42
4.90
MI.11.1=.11
3.72 1GL 71152130,0 543 L M2014/4 411 L1A303P 070 MV1501DP 3.31 557511214 66414.506
133201AGJ 27C 12125 3.00
4.17 LAUNCH 147 44826401 3.111 567551535 100 649036 16.25 UP013065.441C-2 GAS
043201C.J 171 X17160C.PA 1.40 11.420711
0.15 UP040C.39.1C ON 27044615 3.74
0.34 L45240A1 10.17 LMNICN 4.14 14650306 8.24 56751665 0.40 688096'
DG211 2.16 ICL75162C.0.4
4.29 1314 27C256 15F 4 3.96
1.14 1142016 574 L45394H 10.35 98553214 0.72 567511111474 0.14 688216 11 L16040G.4041G
D43212C.1 1.31 ICL71573CPA D27256 4.36
5.54 2.77 14655346 1.19 557511595 0.14 66821P 3.14 UP0624.314G 3.115
0.0303603 4.111 10.1101900S0 2.19 11421171 LM3131102
111.12701010.20 15.40
LW 11.421171 16.76 1439971 6.38 665568 0.20 567543746E 3 26 68640P 122 1560.6251460 5.75
0050002 4.44 1C1110800C343
02 888456 9.92 U1.062530.2 3,33 H14/27G10204G,0
11.34 10.901310C/11 1.41 1.74224J 3.14 14425004 2.22 985660 0.111 5675451
DG15004C4 0 99 NOP uP138253G -5 3.32 37 SO
10/2 i IC.P4 LBO LM22451 111 LM42502 6.36 1965566 0.40 5575451136 4800286-12
DPW 52N 3.111
044 4.116 UPOO2SSAC.2 3.20 H5270454F P.201 0.14
06630486 CL/212C.P4 1.14 L1423 IN 911 13443140Z 0.40 665665 1.16 567545286 411.49050GOG
1.49 0.9 41.49050GPC 4.40 UPI:4255AG -5 3.20 552704546-15 420
051221 0.44 4267170063 7.05 1142303.1 4.23 L15556C45 141 985445 1.14 54475453E16
9856771 0.05 567545406 0.00 041253 311 15606250AC 3.34 104270640-20 3 SO
01.1228 3.10 1067207160 170 LM230N 1.21 L4555C6 OAS 450
HEWN 310 544754626 1 52 CA800158 4.110 UP05259AC.2 3.119 404462532
051231 4.44 10472114111. 425 LM2481 7.72 L14455404 1.111
360
4.44 CM72114141PL 1425751-12 6.31 L4556.4 9.35 9857061 2.75 55754636 1.52 coe2045 tea UP002790-5 3.40 064825326
051231-20 4.119
U606741613 1310 4144627160 3 40
DS1232 370 1C147212AMIPL 4.01 L4525757.15 4.311 1.141567CN 1.3$ HEWN 3.2 SN754450 4.33 0062041611-5 9.74
455
985627414 0.92 56754826 4.33 CG10002116 12 411.01 060674911C 11.15 117448271280-25
DS 1471616 0.81 1C/4721640 27/2 1425751-5 .0 031 LM1304CN 4.14
sgs 41'44627640 3.14
0040020816 11/11 V20-62410
05148065 0.311 10672176161 cm 11425751403 7.16 LM007G61 2.10 71.45445560 0.00 514754729 1.119
2.10 06254-2 1343 V20.101.04: um 111153C25615-80 310
139 1C472170 1443 14525777.12 717 L1461104 2.117 14.0446565 8.156 5575477
0514431114
5675512E15 4.71 08282 4.39 V304/419 100 HV6264LP.10 2.40
42647258 (J) LIN L M25777-15 7.97 134612511 1191 6245455500 0.811
135140111304 1.011
122646 3.91 V34.181112 1340 42716161 2.15
051403614 1.15 10472111048 014 LM257TVAD2 7.76 13461384 LSI 14.11.445585 0.00 567SC1886 1.43
4.41 45512712133 5.00
4.91 145164501 50.42 SN75C111/4CN 1.43 08266 4.44 /110 -DMA
05140814N 114 106472180U! LIS L14257511 6.28 16014071
280-910 1211 245127326 440
1.15 1064721861.11 1919 11825765 357 11462136 6.06 0607.CP 2.311 SPINCOP 110 0620216-11 5.35
0514C4126
061 5506 4.311 576414117 4.74 04741114 14.1111 21110A -CPU 1.35 45/27646 3.30
053486/4 1.91 101417224164. 1.34 1/425791 52.41 11462186 111.01
ILM
1420015 110 9.14 09227-07 10.01 516415211 7.75 06031114 GU 2113ACTC 1.72 1493427C 126-25
0534675 110 10/472266161 45.04
000
11.162114
11462215 0627.86 229 1.472156 7.20 D5500032-12 NM 2/04-0ART Lis 4151427C256.25 110
05340066 2.10 105722741P1 11.10 1429026 7.111
2262.P10 121 14154527C256-30 110
LSI 690351302 GM 167256P 2.10 6600036 4.01
06340876 2.80 10675551PA OAS 1629036 0 60 1346225N
NMC27C160-45 4.01
0575150N 1.21 102175561P0 1.34 1429045 0.00 1642641 17.35 6613352303 US 1A75266 2.60 666276 1.31 210346-81040 3.411

1L074 114 11429075 541 166266/4 4.3111 911372446 7311 1A78005AP I.44 74063216 lab 111015 -CPU 1.10 66.4G.27G2560.25 3.95
0575154N 141 4.20 040634656532 32.111 2106-C7C 3.111 7434C270540-25 3.30
5.91 164101HP 911 1M29170 5.20 14636114 310 P00e0038-IIP 7.114 146450K
067518046
PCD3311P TIM 120S 0.00 110639030P 11.15 7.1106-0ART LIN 10572560-25 5.40
135751614N 114 145825074 131311 14291751 3.14 Lmeolkw LOS 4.111
tail 1655251621-45 4 54
719 13423251 4.33 1146751 737 P0033126 4.73 761112054 1.2 040054556 5.91 100115610
05751766N 312 1S0102
1.64 1.13668219 42/ 7.11011-510 410 71452712512.-25 4.50
15074 1391 16294001.5 0 1 20 16703041 179 P0685636 711 7114540
06753515 2.11
186570 6.90 1.156413205624 440 210016-062 1.50 13/52712641:24 4.61
0.82 L272 2.16 L1421141CT 3.40 167011074 1.116 0MV1158P5 730
06754516 110 0.64 1.1413403.5111 -6P 3.14 280,13006vS0 435 154S2711UL-46 4.40
05754526 0.62 12939 346 14206401 3.00 114710041 118 00.IV113061 71341100
uP13272560/21V
0675453N III
095
L2936
1297
4.111
131
11130146
11430465
040
200
111471005
167106
1.114
4.11
014V24C
0655622041
174
11.111
18482051
1B4920
111
I SO
MA15803541P-6P
45A/3803941 1,P
3.50
5.00 441.5 uP027324.4214
4121
4.44
08754010
6 10 1671501 129 R013614 US TBANO 1.00 1.40,46e05E07 cue co 96004 55o/t 06027021141315 1411
057540214 1.611 12976 4.110 4.4306604 u9027C5120-15 110
2.39 1672301 112 804207614 134 1054152046 1.29 1.10436029 2.47
0875404 2.00 129861 11.31 11430504
ricAssec T041063 2.10 MC66216 1.00 645957,200 0.00 UP027C440.25 315
05461044 0.01 1480601/ 2.31 11.430744 0.50 16723031 11/1
0C455151.1/ SAID
GAO
OM 11361065A 2.40 . suacc3sa 5 tie *4595116-030 48.30
0885416
D8463174
2.111
1.15
1411005
1487
2.411
3.15
11.130806
11130866
2.40
1.111
1.1472361
1472501
SAO
1330 6045586 5.77 70410640 7.30 1451.4110C1154 314 13002137-10/161 12729 111.1111.1.1
2.03 11472404 910 8E60701 1.63 11341151 1.10 1.151.480C454.2 346 0302.27-2,1NT 112.68
05402764 2.11 14040 3.14 145305* 0026761/167 127.00 A124C256-1500 45.110
7.54 1113 0EF0, HP 2.16 T11113 0.61 1.1SM80C21 7.110
06910901 114 170211 2.12 143084.1 114733004
4.00 902128701A51 127.10 4126064-25 940
1430066 2.59 14733014 5.40 RE FO2CP 1.30 111117 1141 4551481055
015140.206 1372 1722 6.79
0 NI MSM612C514 344 Al2C64-15 9815
11412017 1.64 L 71011CV OM 11130611 179 1674101 191 RE FCQGP 110 111.119
10.1215C256-20 SILO
1.111741014 5.111 REFO3GP 1.1111 T11311 11.20 14544620532 3.90
6613426 11.115 19132016 7.1111 1113086 1.111 104200256-55 47.10
4.51 1.21741614 215 RE F 252 1.12 71.03006 1 22 1.451282C53-5 3.11
44091.2231 16.31 195320214 7.11 1431011 10.420064-25 515
729 1631011 2.30 11474111 4.41 6202052 4111 11064006 0.0 1.1SM82054-2 4.31
14CPL-2002 110 19133334
0.35 14520520596-2 3.111 1164-10 1.45 0281660. 11.12
415 1161 1431151 2.72 1.147412 1.01 SAA 1CQ7 2.14 11.11111GP
HCPL-2030 16134080 0.0 4534820644 3.61 416412 1.10 X21666-25 11.70
mak -1730 3.01 L.F15506 01.44 L M3512-8 3.70
GU
11474705
1457471
sae 544,0436
54160250
7.14
6.41
11.011206
TL014C14 0.74 5452415201124-2 315 4'2464 IN 3246446-36 12.24
HCPL.2731 3.111 4.615601 912 11131111 4.111
1.23 1.153482068
52.85 41256-10 1.00
162116-74 2.1$ 14744051 329 SAA1002A 10.45 11331CP
11CPL -4200 616 1655791 9.61
5.30 6516550A66 1590 4125612 140
HCPL -n00 1925641 7.21 13431114 0.77 1.147411071 1.13 sksseos 3.40 TLC272CP 215
4.311
4.00 124751011 4.71 SA55705 1111 TLC556CP 0.14 600516/4 11A. 41464-12
/1664754VP 1212 1631111 7.12 1.1131211
114 P4052674/BASIC 2.44 4146410 PUS
11.058605
1111-0201-5 LW 16147971 6.74 11431714 1123 LM750CP
1677000CP
3.75
LN
SFC2741DC
S112510P
4.111
1244 1151521 050 040806 Ile 4402566210 195 roc -12 4.16
101-0508.5 12.10 (.634754 1128 L45317KC SAN 3.00 440256-8 5.10 4342148-4500 624
1.14 11.477606 351 011452 6.21 14307126064 3 50 P80854-2
5111-0507-5 12.11 163511.1 COI 11431712
1507135CP! 500 P0365411-2 3.30 51100665 GM A4527518160 3.61
014 1636164 6.43 1.44431746 1.71 14575(06 112 5114520P 1611 X44151666-15 AN 10771304 A 100P 12.42
/111-05065 120 61008 ,,,00
9.79 1536314 5.45 112317T 0.11 111.4781.05A02 139 14.145406 11.111 15076/0064 5454841646.20 425 01171324 A l COP 14.42
5111-06094-5 4.92 61004464. .2 11.10
1113-0201.5 3a 1636501 325 143111114 314
6.28
1 M 764.401GP
LM7912CT
1.47
0.11
54.145606
511612CDP
11.64
103
1.110168
LOOM 2.44 0615641 3.00 57E151185-85 4.40 10171325-1030 14.42
14557441 1119 193656 1.01 1.3431131-11
11A 44541256A6.12 1.14 1.4136414E 6.15
1.25 11479150/ CM 511151310.6 3.15 04224060 1.40 P81115
1C1232CPE 410 163648N 3.35 13431614 2.N 10.444C258AZ 10 114 40344027603 110
714 UA701CP 1.40 911.205
1C1232CPE 4.93 16356/1 310 143146 125
SU
1.1463314 2.10 SL 1640CDP
04723074 P6212 La 45141164254 2.75 582512646 1.61
ICA.7106CPL 171 1635614 Lill 1453115 11,48375 172 SL 164 1 COP 7.11
13.73 0671301
11.1111

SAM P6226 2.0 5444564N-15 1.16 642S 153N 6.110

ia.7107CPL 163565 MIS 723 1MC55.1C74 1.114 41.23530045 110 66231616 6.10
1.10 1.45.1112.1
55741 0.16 66228 Les 141.40376414-15
1CL7109CPL 6.111 1635713/4 919 1M31914 1.44 LMG.003CN 1.78 512304000 1131 am Tm1.4411548,11.15 1.7$ 5MC6504J-9 3.01
1432466 2112 1140182001 20.21 61.1364006 419 557411106 032 66257
10171100691 421 1.635706 1.75 Las 75454164120. 110 01A1C930604 1.11
1C1.712110P1 /35 163575 1.10 145324.1 IN 1340152017 1196 513011C4 13.11 5574110 0.52
00
P82514
P6253 2_20 UP0412510-15 110 P51011.1 300
0171150.4 11.13 1630110 2.71 1643245 GU 16640016-103 5.41 51.3127006 2.711 627136.11200
2.44 156041464-12 3.11 1EIP10.503064 1.76
419 L694009250 141 51.314500P 3.74 UN636AGP 1.00 P62554-5
1017115061 132 1931011 7.111 1453255 Los 1110414640.15 3.91 16624.51074 2.49
1.64 1461700114.100 117 51314501AP 4111 U49637A1C 1.36 P6250
1CL7606CJN 1712 1630014 376 14433026
375 4 06041640-3 1.11 1892454106 2.05
U496310P 1.16 P62504
1075110036 LIN 1541104 lab 1433146 11.08 1MF6000144-50 11.45 5131300C45 13.111
IN 9.26 3.46 1065016 11.111

101761100.64 1.39 16412601 1411 1543316 716 162051405 443 S13620C4 MN U496300P Pe274 456134160-2
10041163 316 1055044P-2 340
1,3156 s141106 195 1.101481164 1.61 P0275 2.3$
10761148066 3.43 1641204 116 1343342 1.411 1.3$
SLAM 4.011 P6279-5 La 0604400.1 210 1055161.1. .15 4.39
16441401 4N 1453352 1.11 1.132441 1.30 2211 ULA 1111020E1 1055174P-2 4.61
CL761200PA
1C1.762190P6
1C17621008A
1.71
179 16441014
LN 1644204
CM
1.45
114336160
1143362-2 5
3.33
1.31
1.21
LP33944
163002
132
139
129
51.521CC0,I
5/432C0.2.1
01541000
12.11
1111
813
53./4200144
U144204246
01620034
016
0.111
.41
P6282
P1296
P15267
1.114
2.110
4.15
IIIMIIIMI TC5666P1-15
1441.420610-45
3.44
510
1C../ 7621 ()CPA 115 1944404 LOS 1143362.5 0 1.6038.216 414 2114-31 2.20 1345401420L 3.40
C.L7642ECPD 311 1110002014 21.17 1143372 3.30 Ls2o4ce 1.34 541 Nib 04.6200366 0.48 002094
us 82641.P.10 210 71454014SL 2.91
6.00 LS28541 1.95 st_seocc5.4 11.93 ULN2004AN 1.40 P132C54-2
1C170406090 4.49 1600020N 11121 114336K 62641.14-12 2.40 T14540161561 2.110
7.96 1.110 51.51CCDP 2.11 U16261034 1.10 PC684461 414
1017662190PD 522 L/032107( 4111 1.1433116 STEEL 152111113

IC171.15211C90 7.39 110022011 16.29 4.4331066 IN L5404C8 138 415000.0 16.14 116200466 1.31
311
P0665736
PC665746
4.01
4111
104.71110084 3.11 1/813210/1 30.10 14331.1 224 LT 1004CLP-1 2 371 SL 561GGP 4.13 0545101
0.36 1110040194 5 179 51111100021 910 XR2206CP 3.95 60645616 LOS
1.49 1/1003200 4115 11433014
103710:CPA
1X171111011066 2.74 111004101 111.17 144340A1-12 IN 111001066 2.111 54.611004 941 Z14425E4 6.91
3.63
6650266
56520P
5.10
230
We stock DIN 41462,
11.12 7.16 111007CP 4.17 51012004 910 IN4266-11
101.7012066
I0176121110.16
3.14
3.13
1/10042011
1110062CH 57.57
11434341
163466 3.10 LT 103009 179 S1.621CCIA 11N 754427E-1
Z642914
14.95
130
86522
5652246
3-39
7.15
IDC & 'D' Connectors,
11434009 111 LT1014 OM 5182750 2.71
10-7111131104A
101711110151064
112
314
14123110
LIU° I FP
21.17
9.1111 1143.162 3114 LT 133001 311 5162700045 435 2114726-8 2.111
7.44
66500292
515507263
LM
115
PCB Pin Headers,
410 5162700011 2.75 Z144356
10/7064006*
icosseacm
3.98
4.43
4.45101411
161014.1
4.43
9.411
4.4340/4
L543402
OAS
4.34
111032044
LT 103706 4.57 SL6270MP UM 514439E8 724 60602262 157 LEDs, LCD Displays,
111052093 417 2/4447E 10.44 SCC2855213C14440 7116
101.74858409A
101.78157064
4.73
1.111
111410611
1M1075
9.411
4.42
111350/1) 411EL
1453001
11.11
LM 1.11064
7171
GM
5115310013/3
51.6.31000P 1.34 2144486 7.M SC.142641CC1N24 un Relays. Also Resistors
11107000/ 1321 5163100446 LA Z144496 4.74 SC/42651CC11420 91111
10176100096
101.7673066
174
1.12
4.4106101
1.311084111
21.49
LIS
1A4352404
11435766
1.71
2.01 LT1071CKV 11354 51 641CCM 10.111 211450CP 4.57 507426.52602040 1112 and Capacitors,
374
icLecoricam
101105240P0
4.71
1216
11410611
1.311005
12.30
1121
1435646
112351114
1.10
11.21
LTIOS3CP
LT1064CKK
1116
1514
5164430036
518801C00
4.39
0.17
SC6213614C111221
SC14206 H3G 1N28 LSI including Surface
101110118A020 13.411 165100151 1.41 1143546 11.71 1.104860446 IN 516630MP 14.33 SG02155,CG ,44211
SC6267213C31440 114
1.9
Mount.
3I0.20800030 LM 16100171 171 14534054 344 4552186 014 51865200 12.30
LIMON 111.59 145220 8.711 51665514P 30.43 63216 124 5052673904540 8.43
10311011913C80 2.111 4.1610061 11.31
171 1143602 7.14 14545476 110 516700006 1.47 634650632/53413 MN 50142137320.9140 ICU
101110111100566 1.111 16111371 11

PLEASE ADD 85p P&P and then 17.5% VAT. OFFICIAL ORDERS from Govt. & Educational
VIIILINCONI ELECTRONICS Establishments are accepted OVERSEAS orders, postage AIR/SURFACE charged at cost. VAT
77 UPPERTON ROAD WEST not applicable for EXPORT orders. Stock items by return of post.
PLAISTOVV, LONDON E13 9LT N.B. Prices subject to change without notice & stock availability.

PLEASE PHONE/WRITE FOR ITEMS NOT LISTED Retail Shop: 139 New City Road, Plaistow, London El 3 9PX

Everyday Electronics, January 1992 5

 SURVIILLANCE
PROFESSNMIL 0131LITY KITS
No. I or Kits
Whether your requirement for surveillance equipment is amateur, professional or you are just fascinated by this unique area of
electronics SUMA DESIGNS has a kit to fit the bill. We have been designing electronic surveillance equipment for over 12 years
and you can be sure that all of our kits are very well tried, tested and proven and come complete with full instructions, circuit
diagrams, assembly details and all high quality components including fibreglass PCB. Unless otherwise stated all transmitters
are tuneable and can be received on an ordinary VHF FM radio.
UTXUttre-wietetwe Ream Transmitter U111 Uttranialatgre Telephone Transmitter
Smallest room transmitter kit in the world! Incredible 10mm x 20mm including mic. 3- Smallest telephone transmitter kit available. Incredible size of 1mm x 20mm! Connects
12V operation. 500m range £16.45 to line (anywhere i and switches on and ott with phone use. All conversation transmitted.
Powered from line 500m range £15.95
AM MIcrenlelatwe Mem Transmitter
Best-selling micro -miniature Room Transmitter T1X700 MIcrenlelatgre Tonnes' Tnemeitter
Just 17mm x 17mm including mic. 3-12V operation. 1000m range £13.45 Best-selling telephone transmitter Being 20mm x 20mm it is easier to assemble than
$TX 1110-perhoremens Maim Tram/Attar UTLX Connects to line (anywhere) and switches on and off with phone use. All
Hi performance transmitter with a buttered output stage for greater stability and range. conversations transmitted Powered from line 1000m range £13.45
Measures 22mm x 22mm including mic. 6-12V operation, 1500m range £15.45 MX Nigh-perfenemace Teinneme Trim/After
11500 hop -ewer Rem Transmitter High performance transmitter with buffered output stage providing excellent stability
Powerful 250mW output providing excellent range and performance. Size 20mm x and performance. Connects to line (anywhere) and switches on and oft with phone use.
£16.45
All conversations transmitted. Powered from line. Size 22mm x 22mm.
40mm. 9-12V operation. 3000m range
1500m range £16.45
VXT Voice Activated Trammentsr
Triggers only when sounds are detected. Very low standby current. Variable sensitivity MISS Sigmailleg/Trackled Transmitter
and delay with LED indicator. Size 20mm x 67mm. 9V operation. 1000m range £19 45 Transmits a continous stream of audio pulses with variable tone and rate. Ideal for
signalling or tracking purposes High power output giving range up to 3000m Size
MIMS Males hoaxed Mem Tramemnter 25mm a 63mm 9V operation £22.95
Connects directly to 240V AC supply for long-term monitoring. Size 30mm a 35mm.
500m range £19.45 CMS Pocket Sea IletecterAncater
LED and piezo bleeper pulse slowly, rate of pulse and pitch of tome increase as you
SCRX Sencenter Sermsbiad Ono Tramming' approach signal. Gain control allows pinpointing of source. Size 45mm x 54mm. 9V
Scrambled output from this transmitter cannot be monitored without the SCDM decoder operation £30.95
connected to the receiver. Size 20rnm x 67mm. 9V operation. 1000m range f22 95 CONS Prefeniessi Ono Setecterflecater
SCLX Silicarrn Tslephens Transmitter Multicolour readout of signal strength with variable rate bleeper and variable sensitivity
Connects to telephone line anywhere, requires no batteries. Output scrambled so used to detect and locate hidden transmitters Switch to AUDIO CONFORM mode to
requires SCDM connected to receiver. Size 32mm x 37mm. 1000m range £23 95 distinguish between localised bug transmission and normal legitimate signals such as
ICON Ssimarrier Seceder Mt ter SCXX pagers, cellular, taxis etc Size 70mm 100mm 9V operation .£50 95
.

Connects to receiver earphone socket and provides decoded audio output to STX11111 Crystal Canned Seem Transmitter
headphones Size 32mm x 70mm 9-12V operation £22.95 Narrow band FM transmitter for the ultimate in privacy Operates on 180 MHz and
requires the use of a scanner receiver or our ORX180 kit (see catlogue). Size 20mm x
ATM Micre Sin Tinning ilecerdisa Menace
67mm. 9V operation. 1000m range £40.95
Connects between telephone line (anywhere) and cassette recorder. Switches tape
automatically as phone is used. All conversations recorded. Size 16mm x 32mm. 013111111 Crystal Controlled Tonnes* Transmitter
Powered from line £13.45 As per OTX180 but connects to telephone line to monitor both sides of conversations.
20mm x 67mm. 9V operation 1000m range £40.95

*** Specials *** CMOS Use Powered Crystal Castrelled Mese Damns'
As per OLX180 but draws power requirements from line. No batteries required. Size
32mm x 37mm Range 500m
05111111 Crystal Cannoned FM Receiver
£35.95

111.ThOUL1 Rolle Castel SWIM

Remote control anything around your home or garden, outside lights, alarms, paging For monitoring any of the '0' range transmitters. High sensitivity unit. All RF section
system etc System consists of a small VHF transmitter with digital encoder and receiver supplied as a pre -built and aligned module ready to connect on board so no difficulty
unit with decoder and relay output, momentary or alternate, 8 -way dil switches on both setting up Outpt to headphones. 60mm x 75mm. 9V operation /60.95
boards set your own unique security code. TX size 45mm x 45mm. RX size 35mm a
90mm. Both 9V operation Range up to 200m
A build-up service Is available on all our kits It
Complete System (2 kits) £50.95 UK customers please send cheques, POs or registered cash. Please add
Individual Transmitter DLTX £19.95 £1.50 per order for P&P. Goods despatched ASAP allowing for cheque
Individual Receiver DLRX £37 95 clearance. Overseas customers send sterling bank draft and add £5.00 per
MIX -1 111 -Fl Micro lireatigaiter order for shipment. Credit card orders welcomed on 0827 714476.
Not technically a surveillance device but a great ideal Connects to the headphone output
of your Hi-Fi, tape or CD and transmits Hi-Fi quality to a nearby radio. Listen to your OUR LATEST CATALOGUE CONTAINING MANY MORE NEW
favourite music anywhere around the house, garden, in the bath or in the garage and
you don't have to put up with the DJ's choice and boring waffle. Size 27mm x 60mm SURVEILLANCE KITS NOW AVAILABLE. SEND TWO FIRST
9V operation 250m range £20.95 CLASS STAMPS OR OVERSEAS SEND TWO IRCS.

DEPT. EE
SUMA THE WORKSHOPS, 95 MAIN ROAD,
BAXTERLEY. NEAR ATHERSTONE,
DESIGNS WARWICKSHIRE CV9 2LE 0827 714476
VISITORS STRICTLY BY APPOINTMENT ONLY

6 Everyday Electronics, January 1992

 1992 CATALOGUE + 48 PAGE BARGAIN LIST - OUT NOW!
TIMER SWITCH 132 Pages of SURFACE MOUNT
25174 Superb geared mains motor 1 rev Electronic, Hobby K5101 Presets cermets In wide range
and Craft materials from 10R to 1M Peck of 50 £3.00
per 12 hrs with cam operated switches 0 2 Transistors dozen
- Tools, Audio, Video K51
a -
2 c/o rated 16A 250V Size
-

60 - 54 - 43mm. OnlyE3.00 100 1.50 different types Including BCF29/30

and Test Equipment!! BCW 29/71/72/81 etc. Peck of 100 £3.00
LOW COST SOUND CHIPS + 48 pages of Surplus CABLE TV UNIT
um3481 1A Melody generator. Bargains!
Price 11.20 100 0.75 Only £2.00 Inc post.
uM35112 3 gun sound generator.
Price 75p 100+ 0.38 Why not subscribe to
Um66 3 chrlstmas carols 75p 100 + 0.38 the next 6 bargain
All supplied with a typical circuit lists at approx
BRIDGE RECT CLEARANCE monthly intervals?
22547 4A 200V in line Only £2 Inc post.
Prices 6 El 100 0 09 1 k 0 06
23939 Two tone brown case contains
PC KEYBOARDS
28948 Standard 102 key keyboard made
ZONEPHONE TERMINAL PCB 192 - 195mm with easily removed
UHF modulator made by Labgear (Sound
by Cherry with Spin Din connector to Tx/Rx In plastic case with logic control all inside steel case with and Vision). video pre -amp; stabilised
plug straight Into your PC! (switchable I/P and 0/P sockets, 8V 3.8Ah sealed lead acid battery. All this power supply and all the decoding
between MF/AT/X11 Oh yes, nearly Inside another steel case 480 x 300 x 150 with 2 whip aerials oncircuitry 19 transistors and TBA673 chip).
forgot - the keys have a Russian On the front of the case is a cable/off air
character set un addition to English) so top. switch and 5 push buttons (5 channels
you can practice a bit of perlstrolkal Price £29.95 and on/off mains switch). There are 4
cables coming from the rear The case
Peke
181154 AT/XT switchable,
Character set.
23955 AT/XT swItchable,
Only £25.00
French
£20.00
German
OPTO BARGAINS
22171 24 character 2 lines LCD by 181/11 Communications LCD. This large
can easily be utilised for other purposes -
the dark brown Inserts on the front
are both easily removable, If required.
character set. £20.00 Optrex. High quality display with 192 1140 40mm) display (made for Marconi) Please note the low price we are asking
character ROM, easily interfaced with has 110 pins and shows a variety Of In no way reflects their true worth -

NICAD BATTERIES either 4 or 8 bit uP s Supplied symbols and power levels used in radio
a bargraph
they're taking up a lot of space, so we
22349 Mead Battery Pack. Brand with data Characters are 5 7 dot communication, includes need to shift them quickly!' Supplied
new, intended for use In Zonephones, arrays with separate cursor. Module size display. NO further info and only limited with circuit diagram
comprising 4 ' ,A size cells each rated 118 35mm. DP around £30.00. appeal, hence the very low price. Price £6.95 100 3.50 1k 2 50
£10.00 Price Just £2.00
1 2V 0 45Ah size 16 1mm dia 28mm Our price COMPUTER INTERFACE
DP E9 92 22172 40 character 1 line LCD by 24115 8 digit 12.7mm high LCD and
E2.00 100 - 1 00 1k - 0 70 Optrex (Japan). Double height display holder. These are 14 segment
Our price
with 192 character ROM; other devices allowing alphanumeric display.
characters can be displayed by Normally costing over (15.00 we are
generation In RAM, easily interfaced offering these for just £4.50
with either 4 or 8 bit uP s Supplied with 71637 LCD Display direct orate 3Y, digit
data Characters are 5 .12 dot arrays with Lo -Batt. 12.7mm high digits. Op
measuring 3 2 - 10mm. Module size voltage 4.12 RMS 32Hz type. Consumes
220 40mm. DP over (50.00. only 25,,A with all segments on. Trade
£15.00 price E7.97 each Supplied with data.
24150 Ex mobile radio battery Our price but no edge connector 28957 Versatile mains powered
56 . 63 33mm case (sometimes 23096 16 character .1 line. very
Prices £1.00 25 0.65 100 0.50 switching unit and power supply Ideal
damaged) contains 8 AA size similar to our 21814 but slightly larger Type 22163 4 Digit multiplexed LCD, for controlling up to 5 separate circuits
rechargeable Nicads These can be character 6 3 . 3.15 (8 5 dots) 50 30mm probably for an electronic via BBC user port. Supplied with 6
removed by breaking the case open. LCDM16166 by Refac. Supplied with
£3.00 data Uses Hitachi HD44780A00 chip balance -symbols include balance pens, 5 program listings and full Instructions
Each cell rated 1 25V 600mA stage bar graph, lb s and kg s etc. Digit Can also be used with PC details -
7.4149 As above but 84 - 66 . 33mm (supplied) £8.00
height 12mm Self adhesive pad on included Relay contacts are SPCO rated
There are again 8 cells but they are 7.4148 LCD as 24115 but 6 digit, 50 pins. baCk. 13 pin PCB connector. 10A. There's also 2 auxiliary DC outputs,
longer than AA size, being 73mm long. Trade price £10.86. CIAO 12V .1.5A aid 5V , 1A. £14.95
Each cell rated 1 25V 900mA £4.50 Prke MOO Pelee
HIGH QUALITY NICAD
HIGH VALUE CAPACITORS
code value Volts Mze Price
SWITCH MODE POWER
Conversion Kle
SUPPLIES CHARGER
24343 2200 40 45.26 60p K725 rnis kit converts the AA12531
Z4419 3300 25 50. 26 40p PSU into a much more versatile
Z5147 4700 100 105 51 E3.00 supply, giving 5V , 2 5A: 12V , 2A,
7.4345 10,000 40 56 - 41 E2.50 12v,, 1A -5v , 0 55A
Z5146 10,000 100 105 64 E4.00 Complete kit of parts and full
24346 15.000 25 56 - 41 £2.50 Instructions.
Price £3.50
MODEMS
213936 Buzzbox DSL 21 CCITT V21 modem 26921 Apricot PSU - beautiful unit
(300 baud) made by DaCom Systems 160 . 110 55mm with IEC switched
Complete, new and boxed External PSU, mode Inlet. Made by Astec. Model 25136 Wad switched mode battery
charger for charging 6 x AA, C or D cells.
5 pin DIN plug, and instructions BM43024 120/240V Input. Outputs:
70mA 16 hour rate, 700mA 1 5 hour
very simple to use, only 4 wires - 5V 2.5A; +12V 2A.
employed Originate and answer mode
£12.95
N)40 rate 25mA float charge automatically
selectable. E24.95 switched In when battery reaches
28937 One to One 21/23 IAD CCITT BM41012 Astec, totally enclosed steel correct charge level. Outputs for fast
V21/23 auto answer modem 300, cased unit 175. 136 65mm, with and slow charging simultaneously if
1200/75, 75/1200 baud full duplex 1200 switched and fused IEC mains Inlet PCB necessary both on timers to prevent
baud half duplex Tx, or Rx Made by 160 80mm with output pins and over charging £12.95
Complete, new connector.
Master Systems Ltd
and boxed modem suitable for use Input 115/230V, 50/60Hz STEPPER
with micro computers wtth RS232C
Comprehensive 76 page
OutputS + 5V 3.75A. + 12V 1.5A, 12V 0.4A
AA12351 Partially cased. Overall size Total Wattage 65W MOTOR 48,
Interfaces
manual external power supply and 25 160.104 45mm Input and outputs Price nem 25+ 11.70 100+ 9.75
pin D standard DCE connector £75.00 are on flying leads, all colour coded. 2I1923 Intelligence 514080 80 watt unit Z5054 Superb little 12V motor by Airpax.
Z5123 Modem. Fully functional brand There is also an additional IEC socket to 180 110 x 57mm. 120/240V Input, and
new and boxed. Standard 160 100mm extend mains to another unit. unusually 4 outputs: Max rating per 35mm dia 21mm deep with a 16 tooth
Eurocard with DIN41612 connector. Input 115/230V. 50/60M7 output quoted total load must not 9.5mm dia gear wheel mounted on the
Only 300 baud, but at the price we re Outputs +5y 5A, +12V 0.15A exceed 80W). + 5V 6A; - 12V 2A; 2mm dia spindle Fixing centres 42mm
50W + 25V(a 5A; -12Vo. 500MA. 48 step. 100 - price is £9.04
asking represents superb value for Total Wattage
£22.95 Supplied with data sheet
money!! Supplied complete with wiring Price £6.95 25 - 5.43 100+ 4.53
Prices CS each 100 2.00
details needs 12V Only E14.95
All off prices Include VAT, quantity prices do not PIP
VARIABLE PSU KIT £2.50 per Order min Credit Card E12 Official orders EASIWIRE
from Education welcome. min invoice charge (15.00. The easy to use no -soldering wiring tool
K642 Simple kit utiiiising our Z660 power Payment is accepted by cheque. postal order, cash which makes construction of small
supply to give a 10 watt variable outpt
from 4.20V, fully stabilised. Only needs 2 GREENWELD IinClJding foreign currency bank notes) book electronic projects so simple!
tokens. Access. Visa. Connect Included In the kit are.
All
Wiring pen;
components added! input must be at ELECTRONIC Our stores have enormous stocks of Utility tool, Punched wiring board, Self
least 3V above max required output. COMPONENTS components and our trade counter Is open adhesive sheet. Spring loaded terminals
Circuit features overload/Short circuit from 9-5.30 Mon -Sat Come and see us! and jacks; Spare spool of wire; Excellent
protection and thermal cut-out. Input Catalogue price
725V DC, 1.5A; Output 420V DC variable Tel: (07031236363 Fax: (0703)236307 Instruction book
(15.00.
10 watts Max; Size 50 x 50 x 21mm.
`'lice 13.95 27D PARK ROAD, SOUTHAMPTON, SOI 3TB Price

Everyday Electronics, January 1992 7

 MAIL ORDER AND SHOP
EE116
135 Hunter St
Burton -on -Trent
Staffs, DE14 2ST

ELECTRONICS LTD SWITC.1

Tel: 0283 65435
Fax: 0283 46932

All prices include VAT at 17'6%

Shop open 9-5 Mon -Fri, Add £2 HAMEG HM 203- 7 OSCILLOSCOPE
9-2 Saturday p&p to Supplying Electronics New model lust arrived High quality reliable instrument
made in W Germany Outstanding performance
Official orders welcome all orders
for Education,
Full two year parts and labour warranty
20MHz 2 channels lmV sensitivity £338
Easy to operate and high performance f59 15 VAT
Next Day Delivery E10.00
!STEPPING MOTOR DRIVER/INTERFACE
Robotics, Music, cheques must be cleared)

EE Jan '92
A single board. stand alone, stepping motor driver with
built- in oscillator for variable low speed. high speed. and
Computing and much,
EDUCATIONAL BOOKS &
acceleration control Suitable for all Magenta's four -phase
unipolar motors and most others up to 35V and 1 5A be, much more! BOOK PROJECTS
phase Half step, Full step and Wave -drive modes - switc-
selectable L E D mimic display. and connector for
computer port
CATALOGUE ADVENTURES WITH ELECTRONICS
The classic Easy to Follow book suitable for all ages. Ideal
Kit includes MD35 motor
KIT REF 843 £29.95
AVAILABLE PRICE for beginners. No soldering, uses an S -DEC breadboard
Gives clear instructions with lots of pictures 16 projects -
OR BUILT £44.95 £1.00 INC. P&P including three radios, siren, metronome, organ, intercom,
timer, etc. Helps you learn about electronic components
and how circuits work. Component pack includes an S -DEC
D.C. MOTOR GEARBOXES breadboard and all the components for the series.
STEPPING MOTORS ADVENTURES WITH ELECTRONICS E5.75
COMPONENT PACK (less book) E22 83
A range of top quality stepping motors suitable
for driving a wide range of mechanisms under FUN WITH ELECTRONICS
computer control using simple interfacing From the USBORNE Pocket Scientist series -An enjoyable
introduction to electronics. Full of very clear full colour
Ideal for Robots and Buggies. A miniature plastic techniques.
pictures accompanied by easy to follow text. Ideal for all
reduction gearbox coupled with a 1.5-4.5 Volt ID36 PERMANENT MAGNET MOTORT
£1 6.86 beginners -children and adults. Only basic tools are
mini motor. Variable gearbox reduction ratios 48 steps Per rev
needed. 64 full colour pages cover all aspects - soldering
are obtained by fitting from 1 to 6 gearwheels MD200 HYBRID MOTOR - - fault finding - components (identification & how they
(supplied) Two types available: 200 steps per rev £17.10 work) Also full details of how to build 6 projects - burglar
SMALL UNIT TYPE MGS £4.08 MD35 1/. PERMANENT MAGNET MOTOR - alarm, radio, game, etc. Requires soldering -4 pages
Speed range 3-2200 rpm Size 37 x43x25mm 48 steps per rei. £1 2.98 clearly show you how.
The components supplied in our pack allows all the projects
LARGE UNIT TYPE MGL f4.65 MD38 PERMANENT MAGNET MOTOR
Speed range 2-1150 rpm Size 57 x43 x29mm 48 steps Per rev - to be built and kept. The book is available separately.
FUN WITH ELECTRONICS Book (2 95
COMPONENT PACK (less book) E17 93

30 SOLDERLESS BREADBOARD PROJECTS

EVERYDAY ELECTRONICS KIT PROJECTS A book of projects by R. A. Penfold covering a wide range of
ALL KITS HERE HAVE BEEN FEATURED IN EE AND ARE SUPPLIED WITH MAGAZINE ARTICLE REPRINTS interests. All projects are built on a Verobloc breadboard.
SEPARATE REPRINTS ALSO AVAILABLE PRICE 80p EACH INCLUSIVE P&P KITS INCLUDE CASES. PCB's Full layout drawings and component identification
HARDWARE AND ALL COMPONENTS (UNLESS STATED OTHERWISE) CASES ARE NOT DRILLED OR LABELS
diagrams enable the projects to be built by beginners. Each
SUPPLIED UNLESS STATED
circuit can be dismantled and rebuilt several times using the
Ref Price Ref Price
same components. The component pack allows all projects
U3 STEPPING MOTOR DRIVER/INTERFACE 584 SPECTRUM SPEECH SYNTH (no case)
Jan 92 (29.96 Feb 87 £23 90 in the book to be built one at a time.
or built f44.95 581 VIDEO GUARD Feb 87 £9 59 Projects covered include amplifiers, light actuated switches,
842 PORTABLE ULTRASONIC PEsT SCARER 569 CAR ALARM Dec 86 £1424 timers, metronome, touch switch, sound activated switch,
Aug '91 £22 56 moisture detector, M.W. Radio, Fuu unit, etc.
561 LIGHT RIDER LAPEL BADGE Oct 86 (11 65
841 DIGITAL LCD THERMOSTAT May 91
with punched and printed case f29 95 560 LIGHT RIDER DISCO VERSION Oct 86 f 22 41
30 SOLDERLESS BREADBOARD
840 DIGITAL COMBINATION LOCK Mar 91 559 LIGHT RIDER 16 LED VERSION Oct 86 £15 se PROJECTS Book 1 E2 95
with drilled case £19 86 556 INFRARED BEAM ALARM Sep 86 £32 39 COMPONENT PACK £27 74
839 ANALOGIC TEST PROBE Jan 91 £13.23 544 TILT ALARM July 86 £8.94
838 MICROCONTROLLER LIGHT SEQUENCER 542 PERSONAL RADIO June 86 (13.17
Dec 90 With drilled and labelled case E57 17 528 PA AMPLIFIER May 86 f30.80 ENJOYING ELECTRONICS
835 SUPERHET BROADCAST RECEIVER Mar 90 523 STEREO REVERB Apr 86 f30.21 A more advanced book which introduces some arithmetic
With drilled panels and dial E17.16
513 BBC MIDI INTERFACE Mar 86 f31.93 and calculations to electronic circuits. 48 chapters covering
834 QUICK CAP TESTER Feb 90 £10 39 elements of electronics such as current, transistor switches,
512 MAINS TESTER & FUSE FINDER Mar 86 f10.07
833 EE 4 CHANNEL LIGHT CHASER Jan 90 £32 13 flip-flops, oscillators, charge, pulses, etc An excellent
497 MUSICAL DOOR BELL Jan 86 £21 41
815 EE TREASURE HUNTER Aug 89 Full Kit £45 95 follow-up to Teach -in or any other of our series Extremely
493 DIGITAL CAPACITANCE METER Dec 85 f49.96
814 BAT DETECTOR June 89 f21 44 481 SOLDERING IRON CONTROLLER Oct 85 £6.25 well explained by Owen Bishop who has written many
812 ULTRASONIC PET SCARER May 89 £14.81 464 STEPPER MOTOR INTERFACE FOR THE BBC excellent beginners' articles in numerous electronics
800 SPECTRUM EPROM PROGRAMMER Dec 88 £30 60 COMPUTER less case Aug 85 £960 magazines.
SEASHELL SYNTHESISER Nov 88 £28 55 1035 STEPPER MOTOR EXTRA E9.15
796
OPTIONAL POWER SUPPLY PARTS C5.138 ENJOYING ELECTRONICS Book
790 EPROM ERASER Oct 88 £28 51 COMPONENT PACK L14
461 CONTINUITY TESTER July 85 £708 £143 6602
769 VARIABLE 25V -2A BENCH POWER SUPPLY
Feb 88 f56 82 455 ELECTRONIC DOORBELL June 85 £863
Note -A simple multimeter is needed to fully follow this
744 VIDEO CONTROLLER Oct 87 E33 29 444 INSULATION TESTER Apr 85 f22.37
book. The M102 82 is ideal E13 98
740 ACOUSTIC PROBE Nov 87 £20.01 392 BBC MICRO AUDIO STORAGE SCOPE
INTERFACE Nov B4 (40.82
739 ACCENTED BEAT METRONOME Nov 87 £23 94 A FIRST ELECTRONICS COURSE
387 MAINS CABLE DETECTOR Oct 84 £6.31
734 AUTOMATIC PORCH LIGHT Oct 87 £19 62
386 DRILL SPEED CONTROLLER Oct 84 £991 A copiously illustrated book that explains the principles of
730 BURST -FIRE MAINS CONTROLLER Sep 87 £15.50
362 VARICAP AM RADIO May 84 E15 02 electronics by relating them to everyday objects. At the end
728 PERSONAL STEREO AMP Sep 87 £16 34
337 BIOLOGICAL AMPLIFIER Jan 84 f27 69 of each chapter a set of questions and word puzzles allow
724 SUPER SOUND ADAPTOR Aug 87 £43.86 progress to be checked in an entertaining way. An S -DEC
263 BUZZ OFF Mar 83 £6.49
722 FERMOSTAT July 87 (13.88 breadboard is used for this series - soldering is not required.
242 INTERCOM no case July 82 £6.50
719 BUCCANEER I B METAL DETECTOR July 87 £30 22
240 EGG TIMER June 82 f 7 85
718 3 -BAND 1 6-30MHz RADIO Aug 87 £30.30 A FIRST ELECTRONIC COURSE BOOK (4 99
108 IN SITU TRANSISTOR TESTER June 78 (10 76 PACK (22 83
715 MINI DISCO LIGHTS June 87 C14.39
106 WIERD SOUND EFFECTS GEN Mar 78 £8.94
707 EQUALIZER (IONISER) May 87 E17 75
101 ELECTRONIC DICE Mar 77 £715
700 ACTIVE I .R BURGLAR ALARM Solar 87 £40.74

8 Everyday Electronics, January 1992

 DIGITAL LCD
INSULATION THERMOSTAT
PET
TESTER EE MAY '91
SCARER A versatile thermostat with LCD read out MIN MAX
EE MAY 89 temperature recording clock and individually settable
EE APRIL 85
Produces high power ultrasound pulses. L.E.D. upper and lower switching points Covers 10 to 110
degrees Celsius. accurate to within 0 1 degrees
flashes to indicate power output and level. Submersible probe on 3 meter lead Kit includes
A reliable electronic tester which checks Battery powered (9V -12V or via Mains Adaptor). punched and printed case Save on energy bills by
insulation resistance of wiring appliances etc., at improved control of your hot water system Also ideal for
500 volts. The unit is battery powered simple and KIT REF 812 greenhouse soil temperature and aquarium control
safe to operate. Leakage resistance of up to 100
Mains Adaptor f2 02 £14.81 Complete kit includes thermostat and probe mains
power supply and relay output. PCB s and punched and
Megohms can be read easily. One of our own printed case
designs and extremely popular KIT REF 841
£29 95
KIT REF 444

4:5 4miok. -

INialVeh..-`41R DIGITAL COMBINATION

MUMS% //1 1111M
1111r11IM1
1111
WMI IIISIN/. VI I
%MP
111n11t

LOCK MOSFET
VARIABLE
.I' I'
tit EE MAR '91
3 BAND Digital combination lock with a 12 key keypad 4 digit BENCH 25V 2.5A:;.
code operates 250V -16A SPCO relay A special
SHORT WAVE RADIO anti -tamper Circuit allows the relay to be mounted POWER SUPPLY
EE AUG 87 remotely from the keypad without any loss of security EE FEB 88
Can be operated in many modes (latching 'unlatching.
Covers 1.6-30 MHz in 3 bands using modern manual/automatic setting. continuous momentary A superb design giving 0.25V and 0-2.5A. Twin
miniature coils. Audio output is via a built-in output etc ) Article describes operation as Vehicle panel meters indicate Voltage and Current.
loudspeaker. Advanced design gives excellent Immobilising security system Low current drain Voltage is variable from zero to 25V. A Toroidal
IN includes do/led case
stability, sensitivity and selectivity. Simple to transformer MOSFET power output device, and
build. KIT REF 840 £19.86 Quad op -amp IC design give excellent
KIT REF 718 performance.
£56.82
KIT REF 769
AM,

ACOUSTIC ( 4 CHANNEL
PORTABLE ULTRASONIC PROBE LIGHT
PEsT SCARER EE NOV '87
A very popular project
rfdi
CHASER
which picks up vibrations by
EE AUG '91 means of a contact probe EE Jan '90
A powerful 23k Hz Ultrasonic generator in and passes them on to a pair A 1000W per channel chaser with zero volt
a compact hand-held case A MOSFET of headphones or an switching, hard drive, inductive load capability,
output drives a weatherproof transducer amplifier. Sounds from engines, watches and mic sound sensor and sophisticated 'beat'
at up to 300V peak to peak via a special speech travelling through walls can be amplified detector Chase steps to music or auto when
tuned transformer Sweeping frequency and heard clearly. Useful for mechanics, quiet Variable speed and Inc sens LED mimic
output requires no setting up or instrument engineers and nosey parkersi on front panel Switchable for 3 or 4 channels
alignment. Kit includes all components, P552 output Ideal for rope lights pin spots, disco
KIT REF 740 and display lighting
PCB. transducer and case. £20.01
KIT REF 842 f 22 56 KIT REF 833 £32 13

MICROCONTROLLER
L/GHTSEQUENCER
EE DEC '90
EE A superb kit with pre drilled painted and silk screen
printed case for a really professional finish This kit
EQUALISER uses a microcontroller I C to generate 8 -channel
EE MAY '87
A mains powered Ioniser with an output of
light sequences Sequences are selected by keypad
from over 100 stored in memory Space for 10 user
ERASER
negative ions that give a refreshing feeling to the programmed sequences up to 16 steps long also EE OCT '88
available 1000 watts per channel, zero volt
surrounding atmosphere. Negligible current switching, inductive load capability Opto isolated Safe low-cost unit capable of erasing up to four
consumption and all -insulated construction for total safety Many other features EPROM's simultaneously in less than twenty
ensure that the unit is safe and economical in Complete kit includes case PCBs. minutes. Operates from a 12V supply. Safety
use. Easy to build on a simple PCB. all components and hardware interlock Convenient and simple to build and
KIT REF 838 use
KIT REF 707
KIT REF 790

EE TREASURE
HUNTER SUPERHET BROADCAST
LIGHT RIDERS EE AUG '89 RECEIVER
EE OCT '86 A sensitive pulse induction
Three projects under one title -all simulations of Metal Detector. Picks up EE MAR '90
coins and rings etc., up to xr.i At last. an easy to build SUPERH ET A M radio
the Knight Rider lights from the TV series. The
20cms deep. Low 'ground' kit Covers Long and medium Wave bands built
three are a lapel badge using six LEDs, a larger in loudspeaker with 1 watt output Excellent
LED unit with 16 LEDs and a mains version effect". Can be used with t-^
sensitivity and selectivity provided by ceramic I.F
capable of driving six main lamps totalling over search -head underwater. <,(1' filter Simple alignment and tuning without
500 watts. Easy to use and build, kit
special equipment Kit available less case. or with
includes search -head, handle, case, PCB and all pre-cut and drilled transparent plastic panels and
KIT REF 559 CHASER LIGHT £15.58 parts as shown. dial for a striking see-through effect
KIT REF 560 DISCO LIGHTS £22.41 KIT REF 815 £17.16
Including headphones £45 95 KIT REF 835
KIT REF 561 LAPEL BADGE (11.66

Everyday Electronics, January 1992 9

 6.04 Finally...an exceptional PCB and Schematic CAD
P oP'1c.-
system for every electronics engineer!
BoardMaker is a powerful software tool which
1

provides a convenient and professional method

of drawing your schematics and designing your 1,511-c r ,Cc la,
printed circuit boards, in one remarkably easy to :101
use package. Engineers worldwide have 11
discovered that it provides an unparalleled price 16
CO
CO
performance advantage over other PC- based )07
.1.1 13
systems. AI 11
1
RSO
RS 1 J3 1'1 +
RaC

BoardMaker 1 is exceptionally easy to use - its

ERMI 3 C0
cc,
sensible user interface allows you to use the VS5

cursor keys, mouse or direct keyboard

commands to start designing a PCB or 171;177
----I 10K
schematic within about half an hour of opening -4:10K1
t
the box.
Produce clear, professional schematics for
HIGHLIGHTS inclusion in your technical documentation.
Hardware:
II IBM PC, )0", AT or 100% compatible.
MSDOS 3.x.
640K bytes system memory.
HGA, CGA, MCGA, EGA or VGA display.
Microsoft or compatible mouse recommended.
Capabilities
Integrated PCB and schematic editor.
8 tracking layers, 2 silk screen layers.
11 Maximum board or schematic size - 17 x 17
Inches.
2000 components per layout. Symbols can be
moved, rotated, repeated and mirrored.
II User definable symbol and macro library facilities
including a symbol library editor.
Graphical library browse facility. Imm.mmmomimismO
II Design rule checking (DRC)- checks the
clearances between Items on the board. la 0
MI Real-time DRC display - when placing tracks you
can see a continuous graphical display of the PCB layout editor provides full analogue, digital and surface
design rules set. mount support - ground and power planes (hatched or
Placement grid - Separate visible and snap grid - solid)- 45 degree, arced and any angle tracks.
7 placement grids In the range 2 thou to 0.1 inch.
Auto via - vios are automatically placed when
you switch layers - layer pairs can be assigned by
the user.
Blocks - groups of tracks, pads, symbols and text Despite its quality and performance,
can be block manipulated using repeat, move, BoardMaker 1 only costs £95.00. Combine
rotate and mirroring commands. Connectivity
can be maintained if required.
IN SMD - full surface mount components and
facilities are catered for, including the use of the
£95 this with the 100% buy back discount if you
upgrade to BoardMaker 2 or BoardRouter
and your investment in Tsien products is
same SMD library symbols on both sides of the assured. Price excludes carriage and VAT.
board.
II Circles - Arcs and circles up to the maximum
board size can be drawn. These can be used to Don't take our word for it. Call us today for a
generate rounded track corners.
Ground plane support - areas of copper can be FREE demonstration disk and judge for yourself.
filled to provide a ground plane or large copper
area. This will automatically flow around any
existing tracks and pads respecting design rules.
Tsien (UK) Limited
Output drivers : Cambridge Research Laboratories
NI Dot matrix printer -
181A Huntingdon Road
IN Compensated HP laser printer Cambridge CB3 ODJ
111PostScript output. Tel 0223 277777
Penplotter driver (HPGL or DMPL). tsien Fax 0223 277747
Photoplot (Gerber) output.
NC (ASCII Excellon) drill output.

All trade marks acknowledged

l0 Everyday Electronics, January 1992

 Editorial Offices:
EVERYDAY ELECTRONICS EDITORIAL.
EVERYDAY 6 CHURCH STREET, WIMBORNE.
DORSET BH21 1JH
Phone: Wimborne (0202) 881749
Fax: (0202) 841692. DX. Wimborne 45314.
See notes on Readers' Enquiries below - we regret
that lengthy technical enquiries cannot be answered over
I INCORPORATING ELECTRONICS MONTHLY the telephone.

Advertisement Offices
The No.1 Magazine for Electronic & Computer Projects EVERYDAY ELECTRONICS ADVERTISEMENTS,
HOLLAND WOOD HOUSE, CHURCH LANE,
GREAT HOLLAND, ESSEX C0130JS
VOL. 21 No. 1 JANUARY '92 Phone (0255) 850596

COMMITMENT Editor: MIKE KENWARD

A recent visit to Philips at Southampton (see our news pages) made me realise Secretary: PAMELA BROWN
just what level of financial commitment is now necessary for the development Deputy Editor: DAVID BARRINGTON
of "consumer electronics" chips. What is perhaps even more interesting is the
level of development that takes place in the UK, and the importance of Philips Business Manager: DAVID J. LEAVER
in the world market for i.c.s and consumer electronics in general. Editorial: WIMBORNE (0202) 881749
We all know the brand name but what is perhaps less obvious is the vast Advertisement Manager:
number of Philips chips that appear in equipment made by a wide range of PETER J. MEW, Frinton (0255) 850596
other manufacturers from all over the world. Worldwide semiconductor sales Classified Advertisements:
are dominated by American and Japanese companies with Intel and Philips Wimborne (0202) 881749
keeping the European flag flying. If you just look at dedicated consumer i.c.s
Philips are the third largest supplier behind Toshiba and Sanyo and during READERS' ENQUIRIES
1990 (1991 figures are not yet available) they gained ground on both of them. We are unable to offer any advice on
the use, purchase, repair or modification
MADE IN JAPAN of commercial equipment or the incor-
poration or modification of designs pub-
We tend to think of consumer electronics products as coming mainly from lished in the magazine. We regret that we
the Far East, it is good to know that much of that product contains chips that cannot provide data or answer queries
were designed, developed and made (but often not packaged) in Europe. on articles or projects that are more than
With the gradual overlapping of consumer, electronic data processing and five years old. Letters requiring a per-
communications markets the development of "consumer" electronics has a sonal reply must be accompanied by a
stamped seirTiddressed envelope or a
greater impact on the overall electronic product market. Home computers are self addressed envelope and interna-
now virtually the same machines as those used in industry and communications tional reply coupons.
systems are no longer obviously for just home or office use. So while IBM (the All reasonable precautions are taken to
largest electronics company in the world - based on sales in financial terms) ensure that the advice and data given to
are very much an electronic data processing market manufacturer many of readers is reliable. We cannot however
the smaller companies are finding their consumer electronics base is spreading guarantee it and we cannot accept legal
responsibility for it.
more and more into traditional "business" equipment areas.
COMPONENT SUPPLIES
DEVELOPED IN THE UK We do not supply electronic com-
Many of the innovative products that we will be buying in the future marked ponents or kits for building the projects
"Made in Taiwan" will be based on the technology and chips that were "in- featured, these can be supplied by adver-
vented", designed and developed - in association with their manufacturers - tisers
We advise readers to check that all parts
UK engineers working in Southampton. This is thanks to an investment of £6.8 are still available before commencing any
million and one of the largest single concentrations of electronic engineering project in a back -dated issue
expertise in the UK. We regret that we cannot provide data
or answer queries on projects that are
more than five years old.

Sit
available issue. We accept Access (Master-
ADVERTISEMENTS
Although the proprietors
of EVERYDAY
and staff
ELECTRONICS take
reasonable precautions to protect the
SUBSCRIPTIONS interests of readers by ensuring as far as
Annual subscriptions for delivery direct to any Card) or Visa payments, minimum credit card practicable that advertisements are bona
address in the UK: £18.50. Overseas: £23 order £5. fide, the magazine and its Publishers cannot
(£40.50 airmail). Cheques or bank drafts (in BACK ISSUES give any undertakings in respect of
sterling only) payable to Everyday Electronics Certain back issues of EVERYDAY statements or claims made by advertisers,
and sent to EE Subscriptions Dept., 6 Church ELECTRONICS are available price £1 80 (E2 30 whether these advertisements are printed as
Street, Wimborne, Dorset BH21 1JH Tel: 0202 overseas surface mail) inclusive of postage and part of the magazine, or are in the form of
881749 Subscriptions start with the next packing per copy - sterling only please. Visa inserts
and Access (MasterCard) accepted. minimum The Publishers regret that under no
U credit card order f5 Enquiries with remittance. circumstances will the magazine accept
made payable to Everyday Electronics, should be liability for non -receipt of goods ordered, or
MliirVORY11.111== sent to Post Sales Department, Everyday for late delivery, or for faults in manufac-
Electronics, 6 Church Street, Wimborne, Dorset
ELECTIZONN:15 BH21 1JH Tel 0202 881749. In the event of ture. Legal remedies are available in respect
non -availability one article can be photostatted of some of these circumstances, and readers
for the same price Normally sent within seven
who have complaints should first address
MIND MACHINE
AUD10.11111UAL ENTRAINMIPIT UNIT days but please al/ow 28 days for delivery We them to the advertiser
have sold out of Jan. Feb, Mar, Apr, June,
SIGNAL GENERATOR
o IN/ IO 1004oir. Oct, & Dec. 88, Mar & May 89 & Mar 90. TRANSMITTERS/BUGS/TELEPHONE
SOIL TOWNE
TN/NMI
EQUIPMENT
BINDERS We would like to advise readers that cer-
Binders to hold one volume (12 issues) are tain items of radio transmitting and tele-
available from the above address for £5 95 phone equipment which may be advertised
(£6.95 to European countries and £9.00 to in our pages cannot be legally used in the
other countries, surface mail) inclusive of post U K Readers should check the law before
4s PAG! and packing. Normally sent within seven days using any transmitting or telephone equip-
but please allow 28 days for delivery ment as a fine, confiscation of equipment
Payment in £ sterling only please. Visa and and/or imprisonment can result from illegal
Access (MasterCard) accepted, minimum use. The laws vary from country to country;
credit card order £5. Tel: 0202881749 overseas readers should check local laws.

11
Everyday Electronics. January 1992
 Constructional Project

TRANSISTOR
CHECKER
STEVE KNIGHT
Check out your, collection of "suspect" and supplies but has its emitter (e) left open -
circuited.
unmarked transistors, including f.e.t.s, A meter included in the collector circuit
might be expected to record zero collec-
with this tester. tor current, but actually a small leakage
current will flow across the collector -base
TRANSISTORS. both of the bipolar
and field-effect varieties, particularly
BASIC junction even though it is reverse biased.
when they have been used over and PRINCIPLES This leakage is composed of minority car-
riers (holes in this case) which move across
over again in experimental set-ups, (and The bipolar transistor can usually be
summed up for acceptance or rejection by the junction in the direction collector -to -
schools and colleges are in the forefront of
the basic measurements of its leakage base. But such a movement of holes from
such situations) are apt to find themselves
in circuit systems where the operating (saturation) current and its current gain. In collector to base inside the device is equiv-
the case of the f.e.t. the parameters of alent to a movement of electrons (as re-
conditions are not always to their liking.
importance are the pinch-off .voltage (Vp). corded. outside the device) in the direction
Reversed and excessive applied voltages base -to -collector.
are old established favourites on the road the value of the drain current (IDss) with the
to ruin, and eventually there arrives the gate voltage (Vg) set to zero, and the mutual This current therefore shows itself in the
external circuit as an addition to the collector
day when a box or a drawer full of transconductance (gm). Diodes, of course.
current I which will flow normally when the
assorted devices of dubious antecedence can be checked simply by noting the
effectual forward and reverse resistance. emitter is reconnected. This unwanted part
are left for the pupil or the student to take
his or her pick, and (when the experiment of k is designated Icy, and is temperature
dependent. In a silicon transistor it amounts
doesn't do what it should) ruminate on
whether the trouble is due to their
COMMON EMITTER to only a few nanoamps under normal con-
Starting with bipolar transistors, the effect ditions, but can be considerably higher in a
incompetence, the circuit design or the of leakage becomes most important when germanium device.
bits they are using. the transistor is used in the common -emitter If a transistor is now connected as shown
Some transistors pack up completely and configuration. Suppose in Fig. I that an npn in Fig. 2. this time with the base (b) left
it doesn't take too long to spot the cause of transistor is connected to collector and base
the trouble. However the main problem open, the leakage current 4 -Bo which still
usually arises from those transistors that
give the appearance of working but have in
fact poor gain or excessive leakage, so that HOLE
MOVEMENT
things half function and the circuit designer -Ieso
(if he is being followed) gets a lot of unwar-
ranted stick.
But dubious devices apart. it is fre-
quently necessary to select transistors from
perfectly good collections for, perhaps,
high gain, or to pick out pairs having close
gain and current figures for matching pur- IELECTRON
poses, and so on. A transistor checker is FLOW
I CB0
then a useful piece of test equipment.

REQUIREMENTS (eisaisel

What is needed is not a complicated box

of tricks which will provide us with every Fig. 2 How leakage is amplified by
Fig. 1. The effect of leakage current. transistor action.
parameter a transistor possesses, most of
which the amateur experimenter would
have no use for, anyway, but a simple
checker that will provide, in a few seconds
flat, those reassuring functional checks on
diodes and transistors before they are
incorporated into equipment.
There have been a number of simple
testers published in magazines over the
years since the transistor put in an appear-
ance, but I have not seen any which cater
for field-effect devices (f.e.t.$) as well as the
"ordinary" bipolar types. The circuit to be
described will cater for all diodes and both I et usiv I
sorts of small -signal transistors as well as.
of course, differentiating between npn and Fig. 3 Method of measuring static cur- Fig. 4. Method of measuring transcon-
pnp bipolars and n- and p -channel f.e.t.s. rent gain. ductance.

12 Everyday Electronics, January 1992

flows, will he treated as a base input signal
and will be amplified by the transistor to
give a collector current expressed as kEo.
This current may well be several hundred
times the value of kw) and hence may
be significant in determining the thermal
stability of an amplifier when it becomes an
unwanted part of the main collector current.
The checker will measure ki30 and the ef-
fect of its amplification in the common -emit-
ter configuration, that is. the value of kE0
The kE0 is simply measured by using the
basic circuit of Fig. 2.
The transistor under test has its base con-
nection left "open circuit" and the amplified
leakage is shown on a microammeter MEI
(protected to full scale deflection (f.s.d.) by
resistor RI)wired into the collector circuit.
In a good silicon device the current, even
though amplified, will normally be negligible
but in a poor example it may run to several
microamps. contains all the forms of the basic systems coloured terminals and knobs. Most of the
Germanium transistors have relatively discussed earlier under Fig.2, Fig.3 and Fig.4. resistors go on to a simple circuit board for
high kBo's even when perfectly good, and The amount of switching might seem off- convenience and this is fitted directly to the
kEo's up to 100µA are not uncommon, putting at first sight, but provided the work terminals of the meter.
particularly in some of the older types. is approached in a logical way, things are The whole assembly is consequently built
Anything over this figure should certainly be not so fraught as they might appear. There on to a single aluminium panel which fits
rejected. are two main switch assemblies involved; into a small "console" type ABS plastic case
SI having three wafers each of 2 -pole. S- measuring I 59mm by 9Imm by 6Imm. Any
CURRENT GAIN way, and S2 made up of two wafers, each alternative style of case may of course be
used proided it has adequate space.
Turning now to the measurement of cur- also 2 -pole, 5 -way.
rent gain, the d.c. gain of a transistor (or its
static common -emitter amplification factor
One of the poles on S2 is not used. For
both these switches, 2 -pole, 6 -way wafers
POLARITY
hFE) is a figure indicating how many times are used but the mechanism is stopped off SWITCHING
the base current is effectually contained in at the 5 -way position. The first wafer of switch SI, that is, S I a
the collector current. In other words, how The only other components are seven and SI b, are simply reversing switches for
well is it amplifying? resistors,a preset potentiometer, a the meter MEI. The meter terminals are
This is determined by measuring the change capacitor. a 500µA moving coil meter MEI. changed over to suit the polarity when
in collector current resulting from a known diode DI. a biassed toggle switch and a either npn or pnp (or n- or p -channel f.e.t.$)
change in base current. Fig. 3 shows a com- push -to -make push button switch S3. plus are being tested.
mon method (there are others); here resis-
tor RI is selected so that when switch SI is Fig. 5 Complete circuit diagram for the Transistor Checker Switch S1 is shown in
operated, the current flowing through RI into the N-FET position and S2 in the ICE° -- Diode position. Components enclosed in
the base is some precise figure. say. 10p.A.
dotted lines are mounted on the p.c.b. Circled letters refer to connections on the
By suitable scaling, the collector current as circuit board
measured on the meter MEI will indicate a
direct value for the current gain. This gain
figure is for purely d.c. conditions: the a.c. r
gain or dynamic gain figure (hEE) when a 1
load resistor is used in the collector circuit, is RI R2
667k 3(1.9
Stn
always less than the static gain, in general ISEE TEXT I
about 10 per cent smaller. L_
Ir
CHECKING FE. T.13 MEI
For the f.e.t., the diagram of Fig. 4 53
500pA
shows the basic circuit arrangement for the
measurement of /Dss and gm. With switch SI Sib L
2
in the position shown, the gate (g) of the gibto
f.e.t. is "earthed" and the milliammeter
MEI gives a direct reading of /Dss. When
VRI
the switch is changed over, the gate (g) is 22k
biased by - I V and the drain current falls.
Sic
The mutual transconducante gm is a
measure of the change in drain current
divided by the change in gate voltage. Since __
the gate change is one volt, the change in the
meter current gives a direct indication of gm,
that is, so many milliamps-per-volt or, as it is
usually expressed, so many milli-siemen.
A close approximation to the pinch -off Sic
voltage is obtained from a simple relation-
ship between /Dss and gm which will be given
later. °. 51e
The above descriptions have been made
assuming npn transistors and n -channel
f.e.t.s. For pnp transistors and p -channel R6
3k3
f.e.t.s. all supply voltage polarities are
simply reversed. We are now ready to
combine these basic systems into the R7
CI 6k8 o SI f
complete checker.
__J
CIRCUIT DETAILS T
lEtusao I O
The complete circuit diagram of the Tran-
sistor Checker is shown in Fig. 5, and this

)3
Everyday Electronics. January 1992
 Similarly, the second wafer. Slc and Sid. All the front panel lettering should be
N - FET reverses the polarity of the 9V supply (bat- added after drilling but before any of the
tery B I) for the same reason. Wafer S I e and components are mounted. The switch posi-
NPN SI f also reverses the polarity of the f.e.t. tions are indexed out at 30 degrees intervals
gate supply battery B2 when f.e.t.s are being on a radius from the fixing hole which suits
BIPOLAR
checked. the knobs you are going to use. Collet.
OFF
The relevant functions of the switch posi- 19mm (' 4in.). type knobs were found to be
tions are indicated in Fig. 6(a). Use this as best as there is then no problem with the
PNP your lettering guide on the front panel. alignment of the pointer -mark when they are
fitted and no precise orientation of the
P-FET FUNCTION SWITCH switches on the panel is necessary.
Switch S2 selects the various measuring
modes after SI has been set to suit the type of
device being tested. Looking at the circuit SWITCH WIRING
ttuoc
diagram, in the position shown (/CEO Diode), It is best to wire up the wafers of switches
the meter is connected in series with preset SI and S2 before fixing them to the front
potentiometer VR I (wired as variable resis- panel. If each wafer is wired up systemati-
tor) and the transistor (or diode) under test. cally and interconnections made where
For a transistor, the base connection is an necessary between the wafers, there is no
ICED- DIODE open -circuit and hence the meter will read real problem about the job; all that is needed
the leakage current 1cBo. For a diode, the is a logical progression from each wafer to
0-500 forward conduction will be indicated. the next.
The second and third positions of S2 give If you look again at the main circuit dia-
hFE an indication of current gain, hFE, after the gram Fig. 5, there are connections from the
manner shown earlier in Fig. 3. On the wipers (w) of each of the three wafers of SI
second position resistor R2 shunts the meter which go to: (i) the meter, (ii) the 9V battery,
toss and converts it to read 5000pA (5mA) f.s.d.; (iii) the 1.5V cell. Solder distinctive coloured
gm
in the third position the meter is left un- wires on the switch wipers for easy iden-
shunted. tification.
When the pushbutton switch S3 is pressed, Again looking at the diagram, notice that
(6) 10µA flows through resistor RI into the base there are only four leads which actually
(b) of the test transistor, hence the meter in- come from these wafers to connect with the
dicates either a maximum hFE of 500 (posi- remainder of the circuit; these are indi-
tion 2) or 50 (position 3). This last sensitive cated by the letters W, X. Y, Z. Once the
Fig. 6. Front panel legends (full size) position should only be used for cases of hFE interconnections between wafers have been
required at 30 degrees indexing for which fall below 50 on the 500 range. made, the switch can be mounted on the
Polarity switch (top) and Function The fourth and fifth positions of the front panel.
switch (above). switch are reserved for f.e.t. testing; on the The same procedure applies to switch S2;
fourth position less is shown on the meter most of the outgoing wires (in this case
(now shunted by resistor R3 to read 50mA shown as circled letters on the circuit dia-
f.s.d.).If the reading is very small, an gram) go off to a small printed circuit board
COMPONENTS auxiliary switch S4 converts the f.s.d. to
5mA; this switch is normally biassed to the
(p.c.b.) which will be described
Again, the use of coloured leads will avoid
least sensitive position. confusion.
Resistors The fifth switch position (as per Fig. 4. The pushbutton switch S3 and the
R1 867k (820k + 47k, earlier) puts a IV potential of appropriate biassed changeover switch S4 are
(see text) polarity, derived from the 1.5V cell B2 via
R2, R4 3129 (2 off) See mounted immediately below the meter,
the resistor divider chain R6, R7. on to the while the input test sockets are fitted on
R3 39 SHOP gate of the f.e.t. and hence, by the change the right of the panel as the photographs
R5
R6
100
3k3
Page
TALK noted in loss. provides an indication of gm.
The legends required on the front panel for
show. The group of three sockets are for
bipolar and field-effect transistors and are
R7 6k8 this switch are given in Fig. 6(b) marked D -C. G -B and S -E, representing
All 0.25W 5% carbon or better either drain, gate, source or collector,
Potentiometer
CONSTRUCTION base, emitter inputs respectively. The two
The front panel drilling measurements are lower sockets are for diode testing and are
VR1 22k min skeleton preset given in Fig. 7. These measurements suit the marked + and - (plus and minus)
original panel which is I 55mm by 90mm. The respectively.
Capacitors hole size for the meter also suits the specified The terminals used are I mm type coloured
Cl 0µ1 ceramic disc meter; the holes for this can be marked out sockets which are bought together with
using the packing piece as a guide. matching I mm plugs. You can use spring
Miscellaneous
M E1 500µA Altai type T23
S1 6 -pole 5 -way, three wafers Fig. 7 Front panel drilling details. The meter hole drilling depends on unit used
each 2 -pole 5 -way
S2 3 -pole 5 -way, two wafers
each 2 -pole 5 -way
S3 Push -to -make pushbutton
switch
S4 Min. changeover toggle,
biased one side
Plastic ABS console type case,
161 mm x 96mm x 61mm/39mm; 1mm
wander plug and socket, 1 green, 2 red
and 2 black; miniature crocodile clips ALL DIMENSION IN mm 20

(3 off); 9V battery, type PP3; 1.5V 1 HOLE AT A 36mmI1i IDIAM.

LHOLES AT B SEE TEXT
45
cell; 19mm (34in.) collet knobs, 2 off; 2HOLES AT C 6mm1 IcIAM
various colours of connecting wire; 2HOLES AT D 9 5mmIlIDIAM
LHOLES AT E DIAM
solder pins (12 off); solder etc.
Printed circuit board available from EE C

PCB Service, code EE781. 10

T1_30_1_25_1
£35
OVERALL PANEL SIZE 1SS 9Orn
Approx cost
guidance onlybans. (Emu() I

14
Everyday Electronics, January 1992
 OA OB ®C EE 781

I V

R6

ry

/R1\ 13 1

0=-4

L,
a2
4
R3
0-t 1-* CD
RG
C) 1-* ' +0
S1 w.
-
Sib A.
L
Fig. 8. Printed circuit component layout and full size copper foil master pattern. Resistor R5 and capacitor Cl are wired
directly between switch wafer and output sockets.

type terminals as an alternative but watch and the connections to switches S3 and S4 With the simple p.c.b. used here, it is no
relatively easy. problem to use either etch -resistant transfers
the available space.
The method of connecting transistors Preset potentiometer VRI should at this or a Dalo pen to map out the tracks. The
point be set to its maximum resistance posi- only critical spacing is that for the meter
adopted by the author utilises three mini-
tion. fully anticlockwise. It is important to fixing holes which must be exactly 25.4mm
ature crocodile clips connected by short
note in passing that the values of the shunt (I in.) apart. Use solder pins as the connect-
flexible leads to the Imm plugs which then
resistors R2, R3 and R4 apply only to the ing points for the incoming wires.
go into the appropriate sockets. Some of the
older transistors had leads sufficiently long specified meter and will have to be modified
to plug directly into the sockets but these are if you use an alternative meter. SETTING UP
now few and far between; using croc' clips Resistor RI is actually made up from an With the project assembled and with the
will accommodate practically every style of 820k in series with a 47k; we need 100 to batteries in place, a quick preliminary check
transistor output configuration. flow into a transistor base when switch S3 is can be made. This is quite simple as only
pressed but the base -emitter voltage drop is preset VRI needs adjustment to give the
CIRCUIT BOARD different for silicon and germanium devices.
Assuming the battery p.d. is 9V. then about
meter a full-scale reading on the available
battery voltage.
Apart from the switches and sockets. 8.4V is available for a silicon device and With SI set to OFF and S2 set to icE0
most of the remaining discrete components
about 8.75V for a germanium one. Diode, short out the input sockets C and E.
are mounted on a small printed circuit Then switch SI to either the npn or pnp posi-
board; the exception being resistor R5 and Hence, to get 100 to flow a compromise
is necessary in the value of resistor RI. So tion and adjust VRI to provide a full-scale
capacitor Cl. This board is available from
867 kilohms seems reasonable, though there reading on the meter.
the EE PCB Service, code EE78 I .

is not much point in being pedantic about This completes all that is strictly necessary
The p.c.b. is screwed directly on to the
this, bearing in mind the tolerance of the for the operation of the tester but you can if
meter's rear terminals and carries all the
resistors, and the variation in the potential you wish check on the accuracy of the meter
resistors except R5 which, along with
barrier voltage of different transistors. shunting for the hFF ranges. To do this, con-
capacitor Cl. is hard wired directly between
switch wafer S2c wiper or pole contact and The two battenes are located beneath and nect a 47 kilohms (or thereabouts) variable
to either side of the circuit board. They potentiometer. resistance fully in, across the
the appropriate sockets. The full size copper
are fixed to the front panel with double - C -E terminals.
track layout and component dispositions are
sided sticky pads. The 9V supply battery is Switch SI to either npn or pnp and switch
given in Fig. 8 where the lettering refers to
that shown on the circuit diagram; this positioned nearest the wafer switches, see S2 to the hFE 0-50 range. Adjust the pot
photographs. carefully to give f.s.d.. then turn switch S2 to
makes the interwiring from the switch leads
Components mounted on the rear of the front
panel The switch wafers are pre- wired before
mounting on the switch mechanism.

15
Everyday Electronics, January 1992
 or pnp use can be made of the diode
_RANSISTOR _TESTIS terminals. Put the collector lead into the +
471)
socket (plus) and the combined emitter and
base leads, shorted together, into the -
DC socket (minus). Switch the function switch
Bupolor GB alternately to PNP and NPN; then the
position which produces the full-scale read-
E ing (or very close to it) is that which suits the
type of transistor under test.

Field Effect
Transistors
he( A a Led.. Assuming an n- channel
f.e.t. connect the drain (d), gate (g) and
sources (s) leads to the appropriate ter-
lass re"ye Test
minals. Set the Function switch to IDss and
the polarity switch to N-FET.
A.- 0050mA The meter will now indicate (on a 50mA
f.s.d. range) the drain current for zero gate
volts. If the reading is below 5mA, operate
the biassed switch S4 to give a 5mA f.s.d.
range. Note this reading.
Front panel layout and lettering. Switch now to gm; the previous /Dss read-
ing will decrease, a bias of 1 V now being ap-
the 0-500 range. Check that the meter now
reads 50 on this 0-500 range. For any serious
Transistors
To check a bipolar transistor: Assuming an
plied to the gate. The change in the current
will give an indication of gm either in mA/V
error, say, a reading outside 45-55, resistor or millisiemen.
npn device, connect the collector (c). base
R2 will need adjusting. To evaluate Vp (the pinch -off point) use the
(b) and emitter (e) leads to the appropriate
terminals. Set the function switch to 'CEO - simple relationship:
OPERATION Diode and the polarity switch to NPN. Vp = 2Ims
Here is a brief summary of the procedures The meter will now indicate the open -base gm
for testing diodes, bipolar and field-effect leakage current /CEO on a 500p.A full-scale Thus, for example, if /Dss = 4mA and gm =
transistors. Always start with the instrument deflection. For a good silicon transistor this I .5mA /V (or 1.5 millisiemen) then:
switched OFF and with the Function switch reading should be negligible but for a ger- Vp = - 2 x 4 = -5.3V
set to icEo-Diode. manium transistor a current of 100p.A might 1.5
not be unusual, particularly for some of the PRECAUTIONS
Diodes older types.
To check the gain, switch to the hFE 0-500
At all times, when carrying out tests, make
sure that the clips to the "transistor under
To check a Diode: Connect the marked end
of the diode (the cathode (k I) to the negative position and press the Test button S3. The test" do not short together before switching
terminal and the anode (a) to the positive meter will indicate the static current gain di- the unit on; failure to do this could lead to
terminal. With S2 on IcED-Diode, switch rectly; if the reading is less than 50, switch to the meter "cracking" over and the result
SI to the PNP position; the meter should the 0-50 position. could be a bent pointer. Always return
then indicate the forward conduction of the In cases where the leakage is appreciable, switch SI to OFF before connecting or
diode, generally close to a full scale reading. make a note of the meter reading before removing a transistor.
pressing Test switch S3: deduct this reading Most small -signal type transistors and
Switch now to the NPN position on from that obtained when S3 is pressed to get
SI. The meter will now indicate the diode f.e.t.s can be checked on this instrument, as
a true value for hFE. It is the change in the can most small power silicon types: high
reverse leakage which for a good diode current which matters.
should be undetectable. power types cannot be tested accurately
To determine whether a transistor is npn because of the low collector currents used.

The completed tester showing the two batteries secured (with double -sided sticky pads) beneath the circuit board The resistor
R5 and capacitor Cl can just be seen on the left

16 Everyday Electronics, January 1992

 POWER AMPLIFIER MODULES-TURNTABLES-DIMMERS-
LOUDS E KE
- e V

SERVICE LARGE (A4) S.A.E., 50p STAMPED FOR CATALOGUE

- '
19 INCH STEREO R CK
OMP MOS-FET POWER AMPLIFIERS THOUSANDS PURCHASED SUPPLIED READY BUILT AND TESTED.
HIGH POWER, TWO CHANNEL 19 INCH RACK BY PROFESSIONAL USERS These modules now enjoy a worldwide reputation for quality reliability and porlornmnc I a realistic price Four
modals are available to suit the needs of the professional and hobby marks', Industry Leisure Instrumental and 141Fi
etc When comparing prices NOTE met all models include toroidal power supply integral heal sink glass fibre P C B and
drive circuits to power a cornplible Vu meter All rnodeis are open and V,011circull proof
THOUSANDS OF MODULES PURCHASED BY PROFESSIONAL USERS
OMP/MF 100 Mos-Fet Output power 110 watts
R.M.S. into 4 ohms. frequency response 1Hz - 100KHz
-3dB. Damping Factor 300. Slew Rate 45VIuS,
T.H.D. typical 0.002°,. Input Sensitivity 500mV, S.N.R.
-110 dB. Size 300 123 x 60mm.
PRICE C40.85 03.50 P&P

OMP/MF 200 Mos-Fet Output power 200 watts

R.M.S. into 4 ohms. frequency response 1Hz - 100KHz
THE RENOWNED MXF SERIES OF POWER AMPLIFIERS -3dB. Damping Factor 300. Slew Rate 5OVluS.
FOUR MODELS:- MXF200 (100W - 100W) MXF400 (200W - 200W) T.H.D. typical 0 0010.. Input Sensitivity 500mV, S.N.R.
MXF600 (300W - 300W) M X F900 (450W - 450W) -110 dB. Size 300 x 155 x 100mm.
ALL POWER RATINGS R.M.S. INTO 4 OHMS, BOTH CHANNELS DRIVEN PRICE C84.35 C4.00 P&P
FEATURES: *Independent power supplies with two toroidal transformers Twin L E D Vu meters
Level controls Illuminated on off switch XLR connectors Standard 77SmV inputs Open and short circuit OMP/MF 300 Mos-Fet Output power 300 watts
proof Latest Mgt-Fets for stress free power delivery into virtually any load High slew rile Vary low R.M.S. into 4 ohms. frequency response 1Hz - 100KHz
distortion * Aluminium cases MXF600 8 MXF900 fan cooled with D C loudspeaker and thermal protection. -3dB. Damping Factor 300. Slew Rate 60V/uS.
USED THE WORLD OVER IN CLUBS, PUBS, CINEMAS, DISCOS ETC. T.H.D. typical 0 001' c. Input Sensitivity 500mV. S.N.R.
SIZES:- MXF200 WI9 sH3' (2U)xD11 ' -110 dB. Size 330 x 175 x 100mm.
MXF400 W19 )015' (3U)a1312* PRICE C81.75 C5.00 P&P
MXF600 W1 (3U)aD1 3
(3U)sD14'
MXF900 W1 g MS' OMP/MF 450 Mos-Fet Output power 450 watts
PRICES:- MXF200 C175.00 MXF400 C2 3 3.85 R.M.S. into 4 ohms. frequency response 1Hz - 100KHz
MXF600 C329.00 MXF900 C449.15 -3dB. Damping Factor 300. Slew Rate 75V/uS.
SPECIALIST CARRIER DEL E12 50 EACH T.H.D. typical 0001°°, Input Sensitivity 500mV. S.N.R.
-110 dB. Fan Cooled. D.C. Loudspeaker Protection. 2
Second Anti -Thump Delay. Size 385 x 210 x 105mm.
* Manual arm * Steel chassis * Electronic speed PRICE C132.85 C5.00 P&P
-

control 33 8 45 R.P.M. Van pitch control * High NOTE. MOS-FET MODULES ARE AVAILABLE IN TWO VERSIONS:
STANDARD - INPUT SENS 500mV, SAND WIDTH 100PIIM.
torque servo driven DC motor * Transit screws * PEC (PROFESSIONAL EOUI COMPATIBLE) INPUT SENS
12 die cast platter * Neon strobe a Calibrated 775n1V, BAND WIDTH SOKIle. ORDER STANDARD OR PEC.
balance weight * Removable head shell *
cartridge fixings * Cue lever* 220/240V 50/60Hz Vu METER Compatible with our four amplifiers detailed above A very accurate
* 390x305mm Supplied with mounting cut-out visual display employing 11 L E.D.s (7 green. 4 red) plus an additional onioff
template indicator. Sophisticated logic control for very fast rise and decay times Tough
PRICE C61.30 03.70 P&P moulded plastic case. with acrylic tinted front. Size 84 a 27 a 45mm.
PRICE C8.70 50p P&P
12111.1j-IIIM-UVAIIITODTTIFTrirel-*4 STANTON AL500uk11 GOLDRING G950
PRICE C16.95 50P P&P PRICE C7.16 50P P&P
LOUDSPEAKER LARGE SELECTION OF SPECIALIST LOUDSPEAKERS
:11 -I *I .114.1*11..l).41 :11.111I414..., * WITH ECHO * AVAILABLE, INCLUDING CABINET FITTINGS, SPEAKER
STEREO DISCO MIXER with 2 a 7 band
GRILLES, CROSS-OVERS AND HIGH POWER, HIGH
L 8 R graphic equalisers with bar graph FREQUENCY BULLETS AND HORNS, LARGE (A4) S.A.E.
LED Vu meters MANY OUTSTANDING (50p STAMPED) FOR COMPLETE LIST.
FEATURES, including Echo with repeat & P From McKenzie Professional Series
speed control, DJ Mic with tone control S . From McKenzie Studio Series
talk -over switch, 7 Channels with
individual faders plus cross fade, Cue .',11:14:f.41d121:411:111!.I4Z11.111:1111111]6Y1011411*
Headphone Monitor. Useful combination of ALL McKENZIE UNITS 8 OHMS IMPEDANCE
the following inputs, 3 turntables (mag), 3 8 100 WATT P C8 -1000P GEN. PURPOSE LEAD GUITAR. EXCELLENT MID. DISCO
mics, 5 Line for CD, Tape, Video etc. RES FREO 80Hz FRED RESP TO 7KHz. SENS %dB PRICE 031.45 C2.00 P&P
Price £134.99 10 100WATTS C1 0-100GP GUITAR. VOICE. KEYBOARD. DISCO. EXCELLENT MID
£5.00 P&P SIZE: 482 240 a 1 2 Omm RES FRED '2Hz. FRED RESP TO 6KHz. SENS97dB PRICE C38.89 C2.50 PAP
IL 4 . - 0 10 200WATTS C10-200GP GUITAR. KEYB D. DISCO, EXCELLENT HIGH POWER MID
RES FREO 69Hz FREO RESP TO SKHz. SENS 97dB PRICE C53.21 C2.50 PAP
Join the Piezo revolution! The low dynamic mass Inc voice coil) of a Piezo tweeter produces an improved 12 100WATT P CI 2-100GP HIGH POWER GEN PURPOSE. LEAD GUITAR. DISCO
transient response with a lower distortion level than ordinary dynamic tweeters As a crossover is not required RES FRED 49Hz FREO RESP TO 7KHz. SENS 98dB. PRICE C40.35 C3.50 P&P
these units can be added to existing speaker systems or up to 100 wads (more it two are put in series FREE 12 1 00WATT P C12- t 00TC (TWIN CONE) HIGH POWER. WIDE RESPONSE. P.A.. VOICE. DISCO
EXPLANATORY LEAFLETS ARE SUPPLIED WITH EACH TWEETER. RES FREO 45Hz. FREO RESP TO 12KHz. SENS 97dB. PRICE C41.39 C3.50 P&P
TYPE 'A' (KS141036A) 3 round with protective wire mesh Ideal for 12 200WATTS CI 2-200B HIGH POWER BASS. KEYBOARDS. DISCO. P A
bookshelf and medium sized Hi-Fi apeakers Price C4.90 50p P&P. RES FREO 45Hz. FREO RESP TO 5101z. SENS 99dB PRICE C71.91 03.50 PAP
TYPE '8' (KSNI005A) 3' super horn for general purpose speakers. 12 300WATTS CI 2-300GP HIGH POWER BASS LEAD GUITAR. KEYBOARDS. DISCO ETC
RES FREO 49Hz. FREO RESP TO 7KHz. SENS 100dB PRICE C95.66 C3.50 P&P
disco and P A systems etc Price C5.99 SOp P&P. -
15 1 OOWATT P CI 5-1 GOBS BASS GUITAR. LOW FREQUENCY. P A. DISCO
TYPE 'C' (KSN 1016A) 2 x5 wide dispersion horn for quality Hi-Fi sys RES FREO 40Hz. FREO RESP TO SKHz. SENS 98dB PRICE C 59.05 [4.00 PIP -

tems and quality discos etc. Price C6.99 50p P&P. 15 200WATT P CI 5-200BS VERY HIGH POWER BASS
TYPE '0' (KSN1025A) 2 x6 wide dispersion horn. Upper frequency RES FREO 40Hz. FREO RESP TO 3kHz, SENS 98013 PRICE 080.57 - C4.00 P&P
response retained extending down to mid -range I2KHz) Suitable for high 15 2SOWATT S CI 5-250BS VERY HIGH POWER BASS.
RES FREO 39Hz. FREO RESP TO OKHz. SENS 99dB PRICE C90.23 C4.50 PAP
quality HiFi systems and quality discos Price C9.99 SOp P&P.
-

15 400WATT S CI 5-400BS VERY HIGH POWER. LOW FREQUENCY BASS

TYPE 'E' (K5N1038A) 3°. horn tweeter with attractive silver finish trim. RES FREO 40Hz FREO RESP TOO KHz. SENS 100dB PRICE 01 05.46 - C4.50 P&P
Suitable for Hi-Fi monitor systems etc Price C5.99 50p PAP. 18 500WATT S C18-50065 EXTREMELY HIGH POWER. LOW FREQUENCY BASS
LEVEL CONTROL Combines on a recessed mounting plate. level control RES FRED 27Hc FREO RESP TO 2KHz. SENS 98dB PRICE C174.97 C5.00 PAP
and cabinet input jack socket 85x85mm Price C4.10 50p P&P. 1:1-14A.14;i4ELIE1111.1iiIIDII1111.11*E1:11*I*
ALL EARBENDER UNITS 8 OHMS lEscept E13[150 a E13,0,50 which are dual inmedano tapped 4 A a ohm)
BASS, SINGLE CONE, HIGH COMPLIANCE, ROLLED SURROUND
8 SOwatt EB8-50 DUAL IMPEDENCE, TAPPED 4.8 OHM BASS. HI-FI. IN -CAR
RES FREO 40Hz. FREO RESP TO 7KHz SENS 97dB PRICE C8.90 C2.00 P&P
THE VERY BEST IN QUALITY AND VALUE 10 50WATT EBI 0 -SO DUAL IMPEDENCE. TAPPED 4/8 OHM BASS. HI -Fl. INCAR
RES FREO 40Hz. FREO RESP TO 5KHz. SENS 9946 PRICE C13.65 02.50 PAP
Made eSpec,a !ca
y ! today s ,eed to, compactness .1^ " 4" output 10 1 00WATT EB1 0-1 00 BASS. HI-FI. STUDIO.
sound levels. finished in hard wearing black vynicle with protective RES FREO 35Hz FREO RESP TO 3KHz. SENS %dB
Corners gene and carrying handle Each unit ncorporates a PRICE C30.39 03.50 PAP
driver 12 1 00WATT EB1 2-100 BASS. STUDIO. HI -Fl. EXCELLENT DISCO
plus high frequency horn for a lull frequency range of 45112-20K14z. RES FRED 26Hz. FREO RESP TO 3 KHz. SENS 93413.
Both models are 8 Ohm impedance. Size. H2O s W15 D12 PRICE 042.12 £3.50 PAP
FULL RANGE TWIN CONE, HIGH COMPLIANCE, ROLLED SURROUND
CHOICE OF TWO MODELS 5'. 60WATT EB5-60TC (TWIN CONE) HI -Fl. MULTI -ARRAY DISCO ETC
RES FREO 63Hz. FREO RESP. TO 20KHz. SENS 92013 PRICE C9.99 C1.50 P&P
POWER RATINGS QUOTED IN WATTS RMS FOR EACH CABINET 6' 60WATT EB6-6 OTC (TWIN CONE) HI-FI, MULTI -ARRAY DISCO ETC
RES FREO 38Hz. FREO. RESP. TO 20KHz. SENS 94dB PRICE C10.99 1.50 PIP
OMP 12-1 00WATTS (100dB) PRICE C1 6 3.50 PER PAIR 8 60WATT EB8-60TC (TWIN CONE) HI -Fl. MILTI-ARRAY DISCO ETC
OMP 12-2 00WATTS (20 Od13) PRICE C214.55 PER PAIR RES FREO 40Hz. FRED RESP TO 18KHz. SENS 89dB PRICE £12.99 £1.50 PAP
10 60WATT EB10-60TC (TWIN CONE) HI-FI. MULTI ARRAY DISCO ETC
SPECIALIST CARRIER DEL 012 50 PER PAIR
RES FREO 35Hz. FREO RESP TO 12KHz. SENS 98dB. PRICE C16.49 C2.00 P&P
THREE SUPERB HIGH POWER
CAR STEREO BOOSTER AMPLIFIERS
150 WATTS 175 75) Stereo. 150W PROVEN TRANSMITTER DESIGNS INCLUDING GLASS FIBRE
Bridged Mono PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD AND HIGH QUALITY COMPONENTS
250 WATTS (125 125) Stereo. 250W COMPLETE WITH CIRCUIT AND INSTRUCTIONS
Bridged Mono 3W TRANSMITTER 110-1011Mhz VARICAP CONTROLLED PROFESSIONAL
400 WATTS (200 200) Stereo. 400W PERFORMANCE RANGE UP TO 3 MILES SIZE 30 s 123rnrn SUPPLY 125 . 0 SAMP
Bridged Mono PRICE [14.85 C1.00 PAP
ALL POWERS INTO 4 OHMS FM MICRO TRANS./MTV 100.1010AH2 VARICAP TUNED COMPLETE WITH
Features: VERY SENS FET MIC RANGE 100-300m SIZE 56 a 46mrn SUPPLY 9V BATTERY
* Stereo. bridgable mono Choice of PHOTO: 3W Fla TRANSMITTER
PRICES: 1 SOW 049.99 250W C99.99
400W 0I09.95 P&P C2.00 EACH
POSTAL CHARGES PEP ORDER C1.00 MINIMUM. OFFICIAL
high 8 low level inputs L 8 R level
controls Remote on -off Speaker
thermal protection

ORDERS FROM SCHOOLS, COLLEGES, GOVT. BODIES, PLC. ETC.

B.K. ELECTRONICS
UNITS 1 & 5 COMET WAY, SOUTHEND-ON-SEA,
PRICES INCLUSIVE OF V A T SALES COUNTER. VISA AND
ACCESS ACCEPTED BY POST, PHONE OR FAX
ESSEX. SS2 BTR.
Tel.: 0702 - 527572 Fax.: 0702 - 420243
 Constructional Project

MICRO SENSE
ALARM
JASON SHARPE
A comprehensive a/arm that can protect useful in the case of false alarms to detect
what caused the error, also when the
any object, particularly electronic alarm is first switched on it will show if
the loop is open or short circuited. Fea-
equipment, uses piezo sensors combined tures of the alarm are:
* Uses sensitive piezo transducers
with tilt switches, if required, stuck onto * Three state security loop
* Trigger source indicators
the equipment. * Status indicator
* Auto turn off sounder
THANKS to modern technology
electronic goods keep becoming
smaller and more portable, unfor-
tunately this also makes life easier for the
thief. This alarm was designed to protect
computers and their peripherals from oT
BUFFERS
AND
being removed while unattended. ENE20 NOKATORS
Items are protected by fixing piezo =3T SOUNDER

transducers to them, with self adhesive

foam pads. When an attempt is made to
remove the sensor a voltage is produced POmER
by the piezo crystal as it is distorted, 03 CN
which will set off the alarm. If the security FES,T

loop is cut or short circuited the alarm

will also be set off, tilt switches (and other
types of switches) may be connected in SENSING MONOS TABLE
BUFFER
AND
series and parallel with the loop and fixed LOOP SWITCHES COMPARATOR SOUNDER
to the back of the sensors for even more
security.
The source of the last trigger pulse is
shown by three I.e.d.'s, this feature is Fig. 1. Block diagram of the Micro Sense Alarm.

A block diagram of the Micro Sense

Alarm is shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 shows
the full circuit diagram without the power
supply unit.
The output from the piezo transducers
isfed into an inverter arranged as an
amplifier, the input sensitivity is set by
VR I and RI, the higher their combined
resistance the higher the input sensitivity.
The output of the amplifier is fed into
another inverter which translates the
analogue signal into a digital high or low.
Components R3, TR I, R4, CI and a
further inverter form a monostable which
has the affect of "stretching" the short
pulse received from the piezo transducer.
If the input becomes high (i.e. a trigger
pulse has been sensed) CI is discharged
via TR I , when the input goes low again
CI starts to charge via R4, the inverter
squares the output to produce a high
pulse which is longer than the input pulse.
Most security loops are just wire loops,
which means they can be shorted out and
disabled, the security loop on this alarm
has an 18k resistor from the loop input to
ground, which is fixed to the last sensor in
the chain. Inside the alarm the input has
an 18k resistor connected to positive, this

Everyday Electronics. January 1992

 VERO EASI WIRE PROTOTYPING SYSTEMIdeal for design- input plug disc dove and mother board fly leads Our pricers C5 00
ing projects on etc Complete with tools, wire and reusable board (less than the fan alone would cost') ref 5P208R
AMSTRAD PORTABLE PC'S FROM 1149 (PPC1512SD). Our once E6 00 ref 6P33R HIGH VOLTAGE CAPACITORS
£179 (PPC1512DD). £179 (PPC1640SD). 1209 MICROWAVE TURNTABLE MOTORS. Ideal for window dm- A pack or 20 500P F 10K V capacitors ideal for ionizers TV reps rs and
(PPC1640DD). MODEMS £30 EXTRA.NO MANUALS OR PAys etc £5 00 ref 61,166R high voltage experiments etc Pnce is C2 00 ref 2P378R
PSU. STC SWITCHED MODE POWER SUPPLY220y or 110v input DATA RECORDERS
giving Sy at 2A, .24v at 0 25A.+12y at 0 15A and .90yatO 4A £6 00 Customer returned mans battery units built in mac ideal for Computer
HIGH POWER CAR SPEAKERS. Stereo pair output 100w each ref 6P 59R or general purpose audio use Pnce is C4 00 ref 4P1OOR
4ohrn impedance and consist rig of 6 12 woofer 2' mid range and HIGH RESOLUTION 12" AMBER MONITOR 2v 1.5A Hercu SPECTRUM JOYSTICK INTERFACE
1* tweeter deal to work withthe amplifier descnbed above Pnce per les compatible ( TT L input) new and cased £22.00 ref 22P2R Plugs into 48K Spectrum to provide a standard Atari type joystick
pair C30 00 Order ref 30P7R VGA PAPER WHITE MONO monitors new and cased 240N porn Our price 24 00 ref 4P1OIR
2KV 500 WATT TRANSFORMERS Suitable for high voltage AC. £59.00 ref 59P4R ATARI JOYSTICKS
expenments or as a spare for a microwave oven etc 250v AC input 25 WATT STEREO AMPLIFIERc STK043 WM the addition of Ok for use with the above interface our once £4 00 ref 4P102R
£1000 ref 10P93R a handful of components you can build a 25 watt amplifier £400 ref BENCH POWER SUPPUES
MICROWAVE CONTROL PANEL Mains operated with touch 4p6919 (Circuit dia included) Superbly made fully cased (metal) giving 12v at 2A plus a 6V supply
switches Complete with 4 digit display, digital cock. and 2 relay UNEAR POWER SUPPLY Brand new 220v input .5 at 3A. .12 Fused and short circuit protected Forsale at Nssthan the cost of the
outputs one for power and one for pulsed power (programmable) at IA -12 at 1 A Short circuit protected C12 00 ref 12P21R case, Our once is £400 ref 4P103f1
Ideal for ali Sorts of precision Amer applications etc £6 00 ref 6P18R MINI RADIO MODULE Only 2" square with fernte aerial and tuner SPEAKER WIRE
FIBRE OPTIC CABLE.Stranded optical fibres sheathed in black SupeMet Reg s PP3 battery CI 00 ref BD716R Brown twin core insulated cable 100 feet for C2 00 REF 2P79R
PVC Fire metre length £700 ref 7P29R BARGAIN NICADS AAA SIZE 200MAH 1.2V PACK OF 10 MAINS FANS
12V SOLAR CELL 200mA output ideal for trickle air £4.00 REF 4P92R. PACK OF 100 £30.00 REF 30P16R Brand new 5' x 3" complete with mounting plate quite powerful' and
charging etc 300 mm square Our price £15 00 ref quite Our price Cl 00 ref CD41R
-
FRESNEL MAGNIFYING LENS 83 x 52mm £1 00 ref BD827R
15P42R DISC DRIVES
ALARM TRANSMITTERS. No data available but nicely made
PASSIVE INFRA -RED MOTION SENSOR. Customer retu mod units mined capecit es (up tot 44M) We have not
complex transmitters 9v operation 24 00 each ref 41.81R
Complete with daylight sensor, adjustable lights sorted these so you just get the next one on the shelf Pnce is only
UNIVERSAL BATTERY CHARGER.Tekes AA's. C's, DA and £700 ref 7P1 R (worth it even as a stnpper)
on tuner (8 Secs -15 mins) 50 range with a 90 PP3 nicads Holds up to 5 banenes at once New and cased, mans
deg coverage Manual ovende facikty Com. HEX KEYBOARDS
operated £600 ref 6P36R
plete with wall brackets bulb holders etc Brand Brand new units approx 5" a r only £1 00 each ref CD42R
ASTEC SWITCHED MODE POWER SUPPLY8Omm a 165mm
new and guaranteed £25 00 ref 25P24R PROJECT BOX
(PCB size) gives .5 at 3 75A .12 at 1 5A 12 at 0 4A Brand new
Pack of two PAR38 bulbs for above unit £1200 512" r 317 . 1" black ABS with screw on lid £1 00 ref C043R
ref 12P43R £12 00 ref 12P39R
SCART TO SCART LEADS
VIDEO SENDER UNIT Transmit both audio and video signals VENTILATED CASE FOR ABOVE PSUNith IEC filtered socket Bargain pnce leads at 2 for E3 00 ref 3P147R
from either a video camera video recorder or computer to any and power switch C5 00 ref 5P19OR SCART TO D TYPE LEADS
standard TV set within a 100' ranger (tune TV to a spare channel) IN CAR POWER SUPPLY. Plugs into agar socket and gives Standard Scart on one end Hi density D type on the other Pack of
12v DC op £1500 ref 15P39R Suitable mains adaptor £500 ref 3 4.5 6.7 5 9 and 12v outputs at 800rnA Complete with universe ten leads only 0700 ref 7P2R
5P191Ft seder plug £5 00 ref 5P167R
OZONE FRIENDLY LATEX
FM TRANSMITTER housed in a standard working 13A adapter RESISTOR PACK.10 x 50 values (500 resistors) all 1,4 watt 2% 250ml bottle of 'quid lubber sets in 2 hours 'dealt°, mounang PCBs
(bug is mains driven) £26 00 ref 26P2R metal tom £5 00 ref 5P170R
fixing wires etc £2 00 each ref 2P379R
MINATURE RADIO TRANSCEIVERS A parr of CAPACITOR PACK 1.100 assorted non electrolytic capacitors QUICK SHOTS
walkie talkies with a range of up to 2 kilometres Units BIZ a C2 00 ref 2P286R Standard Alan compatible hand controller (same as joysticks) our
measure 22x52a155rnm Complete with cases £3000 ,
CAPACITOR PACK 2. 40 assorted electrolytic capacitors C2 00 once is 2 for E2 00 ref 2P38OR
ref 30P 12R VIEWDATA SYSTEMS
FM CORDLESS MICROPHONE.Small hand held unit QUICK
2ICPK28C7RUPPA? t2v immersion heater with lead and cigar lighter
Brand new units made by TANDATA complete with 1200'75 built in
with a 500' ranger 2 transmit power levels regs PP3 battery Tun. plug £3 00 ref 3P92R modem infra red remote controlled qwerty keyboard BT appproved
cable to any FM receiver Our price £15 ref 15P42AR LED PACK .50 red Ws. 50 green *is and 50 yellow lads all 5mm Prestel compatible. CentrcnicSpnnter port RGB COlOu r a nd compos-
12 BAND COMMUNICATIONS RECEIVER.9 short £8 00 ref 8P52R ite output (works with ordinary television) complete with power
bands FM AM and LW DX local switch tuning eye mains tt.ff. FERRARI TESTAROSSA. A true 2 channel radio controlled car Supply and fully cased Our pnce is only E20 00 ref 20PIR
or battery Complete with v Icier strap and mans lead wits forward reverse 2 gears plus turbo Working headlights 3 INCH DISCS
NOW ONLY £19.00!' ' 19P14R. £22 00 ref 22P6R Ideal for Amstrad PCW and Spectrum .3 machines pack of 10 disci
WHISPER 2000 LISTENING AID.Enables you to near sounds WASHING MACHINE PUMP.Mains operated new pump Noise', is £12 00 ref 12P1R
that would otherwise be inaudible, Complete with headphones pc rryng 25 00 ref 5P18R AC STEPDOWN CONVERTOR
Cased £5 00 ref 5P179R IBM PRINTER LEAD.(D25 to centroracs plug) 2 metre parallel Cased units that convert 240v to 110v 3" a 2" with mains input lead
CAR STEREO AND FM RADIOLow cost stereo system giving 5 00 ref 5P186R and 2 pn Amencan output socket (suitable for resistive loads only)
5 watts per channel Signal to nose ratio better than 45db wow and COPPER CLAD STRIP BOARDI7" x 4" of 1- ptch "vivo' board our price f2 00 ref 2P381R
flutter less than 35°. Neg earth £25 00 ref 25P21R £4 00 a sheet ref 4°625 or 2 sheets for £7 00 ref 7P22R SPECTRUM +3 UGHT GUN PACK
LOW COST WALIKIE TALKIESPair of battery °per- 1
STRIP BOARD CUTTING TOOLC2 00 ref 2P352R complete with software and instructons E8 DO ref 8P58R
ated units with a range of about 200 Our price £8 00 a 50 METRES OF MAINS CABLE £3.00 2 core black precut -n CURLY CABLE
pair ref 8P5OR RIO convenient 2 rn lengths Ideal for repairs and projects ref 3P91R Extendsfrom 8' to6 feet, D connector on one end, spade connectors
7 CHANNEL GRAPHIC EOUAUZEFklus a 60 watt 4 CORE SCREENED AUDIO CABLE 24 METRES C2.00 on the other deal for joysticks etc (6 core) Cl 00 each ref CD44R
power amp, 20-21KHZ 4-8R 12.14v DC negatve earth Cased C25 Precut into convenient 1 2 rn lengths Ref 2P365R COMPUTER JOYSTICK BARGAIN
ref 25P14R TWEETERS 21:4" DIA 8 ohm mounted one smart metal platefOr Pack of 2 joysticks only C2 00 ref 2P382R
NICAD BATTERIES. Brand new top quality 4 x AA's 24 00 ref easy lining £200 ref 2P366R MINI MONO AMPUFIER PACK
4P44R 2 a C s £4 00 ref 4P73R 4 a DA 0900 ref 9P12R 1 xPP3 COMPUTER MICE Originally made for Future PCs but can be 4 amplifiers for f 2 OCV 3 watt units 9-12v operation ideal for *spin-
C6 00 ref 6P35R adapted for other machines Swiss made £800 ref 8P57R Atari ST monis etc £2 00 ref 2P383R
TOWERS INTERNATIONAL TRANSISTOR SELECTOR conversion kit £2 00 ref 2P362R BUGGING TAPE RECORDER
GUIDE. The ultimate equivalents book Latest edition £20 00 ref 6 1/2- 20 WATT SPEAKER Bon in tweeter 4 ohm £500 ref Small hand held cassette recorders that only operate when there is
20P32R 5P205R sound then turnoff 6 seconds after so you could leave it in a room at
CABLE TIES. I42mm . 3 2mrn white nylon pack of 100 E3 00 ref ADJUSTABLE SPEAKER BRACKETS Ideal for mounting day and just record any thingthat wassaid Pncroisf20 00 ref 20P3R
3P104R Bumper pack of 1 000 ties Etas 00 ref 14P6AI speakers on internal or external corners. uneven surfaces etc 2 for IEC MAINS LEADS
£500 ref 5P207R Complete with '3A plug our price is only £3 00 for TWO, ref 3P148R
1992 CATALOGUE AVAILABLE NOW PIR UGHT SWITCH Replaces a standard light switch in seconds COMPUTER SOFTWARE BARGAIN
IF YOU DO NOT HAVE A COPY PLEASE REQUEST ONE light operates when anybody comes within detection range (4m) and 10 cassettes with games for commodore 64. Spectrum etc Our
WHEN ORDERING OR SEND US A 6TX9T SAE FOR A FREE stays on for en adjustable time (15 secs to 15 mins) Complete with bargain pnce one pound, ref CD44R
COPY. daylight sensor Unit also functions as a dimmer switch' 200 watt NEW SOLAR ENERGY KIT
max Not suitable for flourescents £1400 ref 14P1OR Contains 8 solar cells, motor, tools fan etc plus educational booklet
GEIGER COUNTER KIT.Complete with tube PCB and all compo- CUSTOMER RETURNED 2 channel full functon radio controlled Ideal for the budding enthusiast, Pnce is £12 00 ref 12P2R
cars only C8 00 ref 8P200R FUSE PACK NO 1
nents to build a battery operated ginger counter £39 00 ref 39P1 R
WINDUP SOLAR POWERED RADIO! FM AM radio takes re- Fifty fuses 1 1A" long (glass) quick blow 10 popular values E2 00 ref
FM BUG KIT.New design with PCB embedded cal Transmits to
chargeable batteries complete with hand charger and solar panel 2P384R
any FM redo 9v battery req'd £500 ref 5P158R 14P2OOR FUSE PACK NO 2
FM BUG Built and tested supenor 9v operation £1400 ref 14P3R
240 WATT RMS AMP KIT Stereo 30-0-30 psu required £40 00 ref Fifty fuses 20mm long (glass) quick blow 10 popular values £2 00 ref
COMPOSITE VIDEO KITS.These convert composite video into 40P200R 2P385R
separate H sync V sync and video 12v DC re 00 ref 8P39R
SINCLAIR C5 MOTORS 12v 29A (full load) 3300 rpm 6".4" 1 4"
300 WATT RMS MONO AMP KIT 055.00 Psu required ref POTENTIOMETER PACK NO 1
55P200 30 pots for C3 00' ideal for projects etc Ref CD45R
OP shaft New 20 00 ref 20P22R
As above but with fitted 4 to inlme reduction boa (80Orpm) and
1
ALARM PIR SENSORS Standard 12v alarm typo sensor will inter-
toothed nylon ben dnve cog C40 00 ref 40P8R
lace to most alarm panels £1600 ref 16P200 286 AT PC
ALARM PANELS2 zone cased keypad entry, entry salt time delay 286 MOTHER BOARD WITH 640K RAM FULL SIZE METAL
SINCLAIR C5 WHEELSIT or 16" dia including treaded tyre and
etc £1800 ref t8P200 CASE, TECHNICAL MANUAL, KEYBOARD AND POWER SUP-
inner tube Wheels are black spoked one piece poly carbonate 13"
MODEMS FOR THREE POUNDS!! LY C139 REF 139P1 (no o cards or drives included)
wheel C6 00 ref 6P20R 16" wheel £600 ref 6P21R
ELECTRONIC SPEED CONTROL KITIor c5 motor PCB and all Fully cased UK modems designed for dial up system (PSTN) no data
or info but only £3 CO ref 3P1 45R 35MM CAMERAS Customer returned units with bull in flash and
components to build a speed controller (0-95% of speed) Uses
TELEPHONE HANDSETS 28mm lens 2 for C8.00 ref 8P200
pulse width modulation £1700 ref I 7P3R
Bargain pack of 10 brand new handsets with mac and speaker only STEAM ENGINE Standard Mamod 1332
SOLAR POWERED NICAD CHARGER.Charges 4
£300 ref 31.146R engine complete with boiler piston etc 130
AA nicads in 8 hours Brand new and cased £600 ref
BARGAIN STRIPPERS ref 30P200
6P3R
Computer keyboards Loads of switches and components excellent TALKING CLOCK
value at £1 00 ref CD4OR LCD display. alarm, battery operated
12 VOLT BRUSHLESS FANS 12- square brand new ideal for Clock will announce the sme at the
boat car caravan etc rs co ref 5P206 PC POWER SUPPUES
These units are new but need attention complete with case, fan IEC push C4 a button and when the
ACORN DATA RECORDER ALF503 Made for BBC computer alarm is due The alarm is switchable
but suitable for others Includes mains adapter leads and book from voice to a cock crow nigIC14 00 ref 14P200 R
C15 00 ref 15P43R
HANDHELD TONE DIALLERS
VIDEO TAPES. Three hour supenor quality tapes made under
licence from the famous JVC company Pack of 10 tapes £20 00 ref
20P20R
BULL ELECTRICAL
250 PORTLAND ROAD HOVE SUSSEX
Small units that are designed to hold over the mouth piece of a
telephone to send MF dialling tones Ideal for the remote control of
answer machines C5 00 ref 5P209R
PHIUPS LASER. 2MW HEUUM NEON LASER TUBE. COMMODORE 64 LICRODRIVE SYSTEM
BRAND NEW FULL SPEC £40.00 REF 401310R. MAINS BN3 SOT TELEPHONE 0273 203500
Complete cased brand new doves with disc and software 10 times
POWER SUPPLY KIT £20.00 REF 20P33R READY BUILT MAIL ORDER TERMS: CASH PO OR CHEQUE faster than tape machines works with any Commodore 64 setup
AND TESTED LASER IN ONE CASE C75.00 REF 75P4R. WITH ORDER PLUS £2.50 POST PLUS VAT. The orgi na I once for these was E49 00 but we can offer them to you
6V 10AH LEAD ACIDsealed battery by yuasha ea equipment but PLEASE ALLOW 7 - 10 DAYS FOR DELIVERY at only £25 COI Ref 25P1R
in excellent con6tion now only 2 for f10 00 ref 10P95R USED SCART PLUGS
12 TO 220V INVERTER KITAs supplied it will handle up to about NEXT DAY DELIVERY £9.00 Packof 10 plugs suitable for making up leads only C5 00 ref 5P209R
15w at 220v but with a larger tra nsformier it will handle 80 watts Basic C CELL SOLAR CHARGER
lot E12 00 ref 12P17R Larger transformer £12 00 ref 12P41R FAX 0273 23077 Same sty le as our 4. AA charger but holds 2C cells Fully cased with
flip top lid Our puce £6 00 Ref 6P79R
SOME OF OUR PRODUCTS MAY BE UNLICENSABLE IN THE UK
 COPPER COLOURED DISC
SILVERED DISC
NC MECUR Y
TI LT SWITCH COMPONENTS
AT ION
TS Resistors See
R1
R2
100k
1M
SHOP
R3 6k8 TALK
R4 27k pees
R5. R6, R8 18k (3 off)
WIRES JOINED
R7, R13 2k2 (2 off)
!COVERED BY
011110al R9. R10 4k7 (2 off)

Jts
'I 111 INSULATION BOOT
R11 47k
NEFN
INSULAT4 R12, R15 to R19 10k (6 off)
BOOT
R14 2M2
R20 to R22 390 (3 off)
R23 100
R24 680
SENSOR WIRING
SENSOR FIT TED LAST SENSOR R25 220
WITH TILT SWITCH IN THE CHAIN
(NORMALLY CLOSEDI All '4VV ± 10% carbon film.
rairr. ail
Potentiometers
VR1 2M2 skeleton preset
Fig. 4. Construction and wiring of the sensors. VR2 500 multiturn preset
Fig. 5 Wiring of the p.s. u. stripboard. cable of required length, and a chain of Capacitors
piezo transducers to the other, solder the C1 2p2 tantalum 35V
copper outside part of the transducer to C2, C3 3n3 poly. layer (2 off)
the cable screen and connect other wires C4, C8 1n poly. layer (2 off)
as shown in Fig. 4. Be careful not to get C5 47µ radial elect. 1 6V
To OTT the sensor to hot, especially the silvered C6, C9,
To on disc as this will begin to desilver if it gets C11, C12,
to hot. C14 Opt ceramic (5 off)
The last sensor in the chain should have C7 47p tantalum 10V
an 18k resistor soldered between the Cl 0 100p radial elect. 16V
105 security loop wire and ground (outer C13 2,200p radial elect. 16V
disc). When the unit has been tested (see C1 5 1p tantalum 35V
IC IS '7
Testing section) the sensors can be given Cl 6 22p radial elect. 1 6V
3000 LAMB extra protection by applying silicon rub-
t Wilt 'ff-XIiI11. ZEM:1 rIZIII111M1 ber on the solder side of the sensors. Semicondutors
0 0000000000oo
CZ
.
oo o
o
. ..000 000 X -I MI
o CONSTRUCTION IC1
IC2
4069UBE Hex inverter
LM393 voltage
0 The Veroboard layout for the power
supply is shown in Fig. 5. construction is comparator
Eiwir iir lumm ratmx.xixim quite simple, but check the polarities IC3 555 timer
A
of the capacitors and diodes. In IC4 4042 quad clocked
the
D -latch
prototype IC5 (7805) was used to fix the IC5 7805 + 5V 1 A voltage
board into the box, and was mounted on a regulator
heatsink insulator. TR1 to
When the case has been drilled the TR5 BC548 npnsilicon
transformer can be fixed in place. and the (5 off)
mains lead connected (the Earth of the D1 to D4,
mains cable should be connected to the D12 1N4148 (5 off)
case), the output leads can then be con- D5 to D7 high brightness red
nected to the power supply board which is I e d (3 off)
fixed in place by means of a screw through D8 to
the regulator tag. D10 1N4001 1A 50V rec.
(3 off)
D11 tn-colour I.e.d.

Miscellaneous
S1 s.p.s t. microswitch
S2 s.p.s t. key operated switch
X1 to Xn piezo transducers number
as required
T1 9V -0-9V 20VA mains
transformer
B1 6V 1AH sealed lead acid
battery
Stereo jack plug and socket as
required to connect sensors; I.e.d.
mounting clips: 14 pin d.i I., 16 pin
chi. and 8 pin d.i.l. (2 off) i.c. sockets;
metal case approx 102mm x 102m x
180mm; p c.b. available from the EE
PCB Service. order code EE783; strip -
board, 9 strips by 17 holes; sticky pads
as required for sensors; tilt switches as
required - see text.

Approx cost
guidance only £28
Excluding batten y

Everyday Electronics, January 1992

 EXPANSION
INPUT

TR3
9
-BHA 2 IRII
ril=41rC 03 TR 4
07
0

PIEZO
SENSORS
0
vRI
N3 R22

(I) TR1
c 0D6
-521

Cry *
RI e.

5
P
RI R20 R5
R9 (110-.-e.ov
ob2j TR2
LOOP R14
INPUT CIO
RIS
Cl?
C
1C3m C6
7
O. +
R16
C6
RS CPC5
C7

Fig. 6. PC. B. layout and wiring for the Micro Sense Alarm.

P.S.U. WARD
0 ON P.C.II Fte
E17
PSU {/476".
BOARD "7
R25
RED

000 ALARM BOARD

GREEN
EARTH
TAO
S2
011 05 06 07
O Assembly of the p.c.b. is quite
MOUNTED ON PC B MAINS
24 v
straightforward (Fig. 6), insert the i.c.
VIA IA
FUSED
sockets and link first, then the diodes and
PLUG PS U resistors, and then the transistors,
BOARD
WD1 F115 capacitors and Veropins. Before inserting
OV
the I.e.d.'s place insulation boots (or
insulation stripped from some wire)
Cm IC NI W T C It
:4:2.5cm long onto their leads and insert
them into the p.c.b., also solder the large
tag (screen) of the stereo socket firmly to
the OV pin (between the loop and sense
inputs), connect the other leads and the
P.S.U. B1 buzzer.
BOARD
ON PCB 017 After testing the board may be fixed
JACK SOCKET FOR into the case (see Fig. 7 for wiring infor-
\4,...ONNECT ION OF SENSORS
mation). The case used for the prototype
was made of steel and is not recom-
FRONT PANEL mended as it is quite hard to work with,
cases of similar style made of aluminium
are generally available.

Fig. 7 Interwiring of the off -board components in the alarm. POWER SUPPLY
Internal layout of the prototype alarm. The lead acid battery Si has been removed
TESTING
When the power supply has been as-
to show the p.s.u. board and transformer
sembled in the box, you should check that
the case is connected to earth, using an
ohmmeter. When the mains is connected
to the unit the output from the board
should be set to 6.8 volts, by adjusting
VR2.
Connect the sensors to the alarm board,
and also a power supply (:4 5V). Try con-
necting the security loop input to ground,
and also disconnecting the wire from the
input, both of these actions should cause
the alarm to sound and the appropriate
I.e.d.s to light, to reset the alarm remove
and reconnect the power (NOTE: when
testing the alarm it might be a good idea
to cover the hole in the sounder with tape
to lower the sound level slightly).
Tapping the piezo sensors with a small
metal object should also set the alarm off.
Adjust the sensors to the required sen-
sitivity using VRI. When the unit has
been tested it can then be installed in the
drilled case as shown.
Switch SI is a microswitch arranged so
that it is held closed when the case is fixed
together. Thus anyone opening the case
will trigger the alarm. The unit is now
ready for use.

Everyday Electronics, January 1992 21

Special Series

INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGY
AND THE NATIONAL CURRICULUM
R. de 1411/X BALBIRNIE ' PART 3
is the third article in a 12 -part series they are today, to give access to massive in 1622 the first commercial newspaper -
I concerning Communication, Informa- amounts of information. One of the sad- The Weekly News - was printed using a flat
tion Storage and related matters in the der stories concerns the burning of all the bed printing press.
Science National Curriculum. Readers who books in the Great Library of Alexandria In the early 19th century, an automatic
have not been following the series are by the Muslims in 642 AD. The loss to the press using steam power was invented and
advised to read the first article (in Novem- world caused by this single act cannot be this greatly speeded up the printing of
ber's issue) - this gives some background calculated. sheets of newsprint - The Times was
information which will be found useful. produced in this way. However, it was
This month we will look at the topic of PRINTING still slow by today's standards because
Information Storage. The invention of the printing press the paper had to be manipulated in the
Children should know that information allowed many copies of books to be made machine sheet by sheet.
relatively cheaply and this put large-scale In the mid -19th century, the rotary print-
in the form of number, text, pic-
tures (graphics) and sound may be access to information into the hands of ing press was invented and this, in modified
stored electronically using various every- more people. There had been some early form, is still used today - here the type is
day devices such as tape recorders and attempts at printing - the ancient Chinese not set out on a flat bed as in the Guten-
made wood -cuts of characters, inked them, berg press but formed on the surface of a
computers.
and pressed them on to paper. It was then cylinder instead. The paper is in the form of
STORAGE OF possible to make several copies of the a large roll. As the cylinder rotates, the
INFORMATION same small piece of information relatively paper rolls over it producing one copy
It often happens that information is only quickly and easily. However, for something after another very rapidly. The paper is
useful for a short while. For example, an as large as a book this would have been then cut into sheets and folded. This is
very difficult. basically how newspapers (and magazines
invitation to a party the following day is
unlikely to be of much value in a month's The first printed books were, in fact, like EE) are printed today but modern tech-
time. However, there are times when in- scrolls dating from 896 AD and the first nology has revolutionised the actual as-
folded page books, from 949 AD. No one sembly of information before presenting it
formation needs to be preserved so that it
may be retrieved at a later date. If you have knows exactly who invented "real" print- for printing.
money in the bank, the amount you have ing - and there certainly were some very
early printed books. However, Johannes

,11 1
needs to be stored and the information up-
dated whenever some is taken out or more Gutenberg in the 15th century is accredited
is put in. with producing the first practical print- w Si6 N

In ancient times, people stored informa- ing press using moveable type. He made ...1._
=Mks
tion in the only way they knew how - by moulds for each letter of the alphabet and,
tr1= .111 map..
P.P.
'bloom
making drawings on the cave walls where from these, pieces of type were cast in Yam vp: mom
ims
ammOg WM. =.
go= 0....,.
..,..Y.=ma....=
they lived. Animals and everyday objects metal. The type was placed in rows on a dkilm..1.1 01
1111
of the time were depicted painstakingly flat bed to make words and sentences. 1111Wm. 8.
1114 111. r- =
By careful design, all the pieces of type
ei==
moon. ft...M.0W

=
and in great detail. Man always seems to ...1.116. i

have had an urge to preserve the things in were made the same height so they could dania....1110÷.... ON= el:
his daily life for others to see. Perhaps he be inked, gently pressed on to paper and a
Waft 01
high -quality copy of a whole page made
saw this as a type of diary. 101.,
.71=
When man learnt to read and write, a far
more versatile means of storing (by writ-
ing) and retrieving (by reading) informa-
in one operation. His greatest task was
to print the Bible in Latin - the "Guten-
berg Bible" - this consisted of over 1200
two -column pages of 42 lines each (see
so
0
tollo,
on 4.1

4.0.1coomMI
teem

-e gos maw mmilloai

mpim admam ee,
tion became possible. Some of the earliest
writing has been found on clay tablets and photograph). Two hundred copies of the t s.
=171
..=11 Waft
me mop w.p.m.:a
at
dates from around 4000 BC. Later, large Gutenberg Bible were printed in 1456.
Gutenberg's basic printing method
C
amounts of information were stored in the
form of books. remained more or less unchanged for 400 'tort ite
The earliest books had to be written by years. Although of great importance, it was
hand using quill pens, usually by monks or still relatively slow and not well suited to
scribes, and were only seen and used by printing newspapers and other material
the educated few. The work in producing which needed to be produced quickly. Even
them was so slow that only a few copies of so, single news sheets - the forerunner of
a book could ever be made. Books could the newspaper - were produced in the The Gutenberg Bible
be collected together in libraries, much as early 16th century using this method and (Photo courtesy of The British Museum)

22 Everyday Electronics, January 1992

BOOKS
Books, of course, remain a vital form
of information storage and modem tech-
nology has not reduced the importance
of the printed word. The advantage of a
book is that it is convenient, does not
need a power supply and the information
may be retrieved (by reading it) more or
less anywhere. Moreover, once a person
has learned to read, the whole world of
books is available. No further specialized
knowledge is needed.
This may be compared with information
stored on a computer. A person must first
learn to be computer literate but, unlike read-
ing, this literacy needs to be constantly
updated as new equipment becomes avail-
able. On the other hand, books are large
compared with the amount of information
stored. A complete set of telephone di-
rectories - about 100 books - for the
United Kingdom is extremely bulky. This
same information may be stored using a
computer database in a very much smaller
space. Moreover, the use of a database
would enable you to find the telephone
number you wanted far more quickly.
With books, it may be difficult carry-
ing a large amount of information from
one place to another. Also, the weight of
a book may mean that the information
would be costly and time-consuming to
send long distances - by post.
Books are versatile in that they can store
text, images (pictures and diagrams), num-
bers and music (in the form of a score).
Until fairly recently banking was carried
out manually by writing down all the
details of deposits and credits in the
various accounts in a ledger. This job is
now done electronically using computers.
Computers do the job faster, far more
accurately and with the support of fewer
people.
Most important of all, the information
can be turned into electrical signals and
sent along telephone wires from one com-
puter to another. Money (in the form of
electrical signals) may then be deposited or
withdrawn automatically. Since a complete Making a shadow photograph (top) and the finished result (bottom).
telephone network already exists, the sig-
nals may be sent from one bank to another a simple form of photograph called a pen in a few seconds in bright sunlight but
"shadow photograph". Note that this experi- may take several hours in weak daylight. If
- even in another country - conveniently
and in practically no time at all. ment should not be performed by young the objects are removed in a dim part of
children and should be demonstrated. Since the room, their outlines will be clearly seen
silver nitrate is poisonous and causes staining (see photograph). Unfortunately, the paper
STORING PICTURES of the skin, rubber gloves should be worn will darken all over and the images will
Photography enables man to store ac- throughout. fade in time.
curate visual information -a scene, person, You will need a small amount (about
etc. Previously, these had to be drawn or 10ml) of freshly made 2 per cent silver MOVING PICTURES
painted by hand. Painting was not always nitrate solution, a small artist's paintbrush To make moving pictures was an early
accurate - the painter often flattered the and some writing paper. You will also need dream of man. Some simple inventions
client because he or she was paying the fee! some scrap paper to work on. Keeping appeared to show birds flying and other
Like printing, no one actually invented away from bright light, "paint" the silver similar things by flashing drawings rapidly
photography - there had been several nitrate solution on to the writing paper to before the eye. The Zoetrope (see
early experiments using chemicals which make a 10cm square. Place the paper in a photograph) had a paper cylinder with a
darken when light shines on them. warm, dark place to dry. When it is dry, series of pictures painted on the inner
Joseph Niepce produced a successful arrange some flat objects such as paper surface. When the cylinder was rotated,
photograph in 1826 but Henry Fox Talbot clips, scissors and a plastic rule on it. and the pictures viewed through slits in the
(1800-77), a British botanist and physicist, Carefully carry the paper with the ob- body of the device, the subject seemed to
invented a photographic process using a jects on it to a place where bright light - be moving naturally. However, this was
negative which would be recognized by preferably sunlight - can shine on it. Do nothing more than a toy.
photographers today. not allow the objects to move during the Movie film (cinematography) remained a
This experiment shows that chemicals exposure. The paper will darken to a deep problem. Again, there was no one
containing silver darken when light shines brown colour but the paper beneath the inventor but the French Lumiere
on them and this can be used to produce objects will remain white. This will hap- developed a camera and projector

Everyday Electronics, January 1992

 Thomas Alva Edison and his phonogram (1888) some
The Zoetrope a simple form of "moving pictures". cylinder recordings are shown.
(Reproduced by permission of the Trustees of the Science Museum) (Reproduced by permission of the Trustees of the Science Museum)

celluloid film which worked in the style the undulations in the groove and hence the wax master from which they were
of mcidem equipment. They demonstrated the diaphragm would vibrate in sympathy. made.
their process in 1895. Here, information The original sound would then be With the triode valve having been in-
is stored as a succession of still pictures reproduced. vented by Lee de Forest (see last month's
on transparent film. By projecting these in Edison successfully tested his article), it became possible in the 1920's to
quick succession on to a screen, the impres- phonograph in 1877 by speaking the use electronic techniques to make record-
sion of smooth movement is obtained. words, "Mary had a little lamb". The oldest ings. For this, a microphone turned the
surviving cylinder recording in the BBC sounds into electrical signals which held all
STORING SOUND record library dates from' 1884. the information. These signals were mag-
Another of man's dreams was to Although this method worked after a nified using a valve amplifier and the result-
preserve sounds - the spoken word and fashion, tin foil was found to be a poor ing output made to vibrate the needle of an
music. It was through Thomas Alva material for the job and Edison made an electric cutter. Non -electric methods, how-
Edison's work with the electric telegraph improved version of the phonograph in ever, were still used for playing the records
(see last month's article) - recording the 1888 using wax instead. Very soon, Emile back. The sound was made loud enough for
dots and dashes of the Morse code - which Berliner replaced the cylinder with a flat household listening by playing the vibra-
convinced him that speech itself could be disc rather like a present day record. tions of the diaphragm into a large horn.
recorded and subsequently replayed using Wax -covered cardboard was used and dif- Early records had a very short playing
similar apparatus. ferent needles were used for cutting and time because they rotated at high speed -
His idea - which he called the playing. The device was now known as a 78 r.p.m. (revolutions per minute). The
phonograph - was to speak near a gramophone -a name which survives to this playing time was increased by the in-
diaphragm which would vibrate. The today. vention of the long-playing record in
diaphragm would be attached to a needle The original records were "one -offs" and the 1940's. This rotated at a far slower
which would also vibrate. The needle made for curiosity. To make more than one speed - 33 r.p.m. or 45 r.p.m. - and
would rest in a piece of tin foil wrapped copy, it was necessary for the performer to the grooves - microgrooves - were much
around a revolving cylinder. The vibrating speak or sing into a funnel from which closer together. In the meanwhile, inexpen-
needle would produce a spiral groove in several rubber tubes would radiate to a sive valve -operated record players became
the tin foil and the modulations of this number of phonographs, each making its common in the home. These gave a better
groove would carry all the information of own record! To be an effective storage quality of reproduction as well as much
the sound. To reproduce the sound, the medium, records needed to be copied in louder sound compared with an acoustic
needle would be placed at the beginning of bulk and pressing techniques for this were gramophone. It is interesting to look at the
the groove and the cylinder turned again. soon developed using a plastic material. groove of an old record using a low -power
The needle would be made to vibrate by These copies did not wear out as quickly as microscope.

MICROPHONE
LOUDSPEAKER

AMPL IFIFR AMPLIFIER

RE C ORO /PL AY BACK

RECORD/ PLAYBACK
HEAD 4r., HEAD

TAPE OR WIRE TAPE OR WIRE

Berliner disc gramophone (1890) Fig. 1. Basic method of magnetic recording and replay.
(Reproduced by permission of the Trustees of the Science Museum)

Everyday Electronics, January 1992

24
RECORD EXPERIMENT SOUND MOVIES nals. The result was fed into the input
This experiment needs an old "useless" It is interesting to see how the two of a valve amplifier and hence to a
record and a sewing needle or pin. The techniques - film making and sound loudspeaker. In this way, the original sound
needle is threaded through a small piece of recording came together to make sound was reproduced. Using this method The
paper to act as a diaphragm and held movies. In some early films, the sound was Jazz Singer was shown in 1928 and was an
gently between the fingers of one child. recorded on a large diameter disc. instant success.
Using a pencil or pen in the centre hole, However, it was difficult to keep accurate Today, sound is stored using magnetic
another child turns the record steadily. The synchronization between the sound and stripes on the film itself (see under
needle is now rested in the groove. The picture (the lip movement and words fell Magnetic Recording).This has several
sound will be heard and the paper felt to be out of step). Also, if the needle jumped or advantages. Firstly, the quality is much
vibrating. This non -electric method clearly was knocked, synchronization was lost. better. Also, by using more than one track,
shows how the record groove produces This often happened and caused great stereophonic sound can be recorded and
vibrations which reproduce the original amusement in the audience. Sometimes the played back through more than one
sound. only way to proceed was to start the reel loudspeaker. With modem wide-screen
of film again from the beginning! films the sound will then appear to come
Warner Brothers kept to this system from the actors themselves as they move
MAGNETIC RECORDING across the screen. Loudspeakers all around
A more recent advance is making sound
even after optical sound recording had
been perfected. Good quality optical sound the auditorium add even greater realism.
recordings on tape. This method is widely With the development of television,
used today - almost every home has a recording was the invention of Lee de
Forest (the inventor of the triode valve) film-makers found themselves in competi-
cassette recorder often combined with a tion with it and many improvements -
radio. This method developed from early some of them merely gimmicks - were
experimental recorders using steel wire used in an attempt to lure the audiences
which were tried at the turn of the century. back to the cinema. Colour films succeeded
In these, sound was picked up by a because these could be shown in the
microphone and the electrical signals passed cinema before colour television was avail-
through a coil of wire wound on an iron able at home. Also the quality and breadth
core with a narrow gap (see Fig. 1). of the sound coupled with the large screen
The iron core was magnetized and the made the experience more realistic.
strength of its magnetization followed the There were even attempts at 3D (three-
pattern of the original sound. Steel wire was dimensional)films. These involved the
passed across the iron core and this picked audience wearing special pairs of glasses
up the magnetization. Steel - unlike iron, without which the picture was simply a
retains it magnetism so along the length jumble; these were not popular.
of the wire was a magnetic imprint whose
strength followed the sound pattern. VIDEO RECORDING
To replay the recording, the wire was In the late 1950's special tape recorders
rewound to the beginning and passed over succeeded in recording not only sound in-
the iron core again. Now the coil produced formation but television pictures too. For
an electrical signal which reproduced the technical reasons this is a difficult job and
original sound in an earphone. This inven- was waiting for more advanced technology
tion was ahead of its time and was waiting to be developed. Before then, television
for Lee de Forest to invent the triode valve. programmes had to be made "live" and any
This enabled the weak electrical signals to recording made on film.
be amplified and fed to a loudspeaker. With video recording the programme
Steel wire was found to be a poor could be recorded several times as neces-
material for the job and specially made tape sary to produce a perfect result. Also, the
was later used. Early magnetic tape used a tape could be edited like audio tape. This
paper base but this was easily damaged and made programme production much simpler
later tape used a plastic material. In an because all the scenes at one particular
improved form this is still used today. The location could be made in one recording
base material is coated with a very thin session, videotape editors could then as-
layer of iron oxide (or similar magnetic semble the whole programme in the right
material) which behaves like the steel wire order and this is the technique used today.
described earlier. Now, videocassette recorders are familiar
Tape recorders began to appear in the pieces of equipment.
1940's in the home, for entertainment, and A recent storage medium is the Compact
in offices as dictation machines. The Disc. This is usually thought of as being a
original machines used spools of tape (open Fig. 2. An optical sound track running sound storage medium. However, it may be
reel recorders) and similar open reel down the side of a film. used to store text and pictures too. In the
machines are still used by professional and he demonstrated his system in 1923 future it will be used for much bulk storage
operators. Cassette recorders are more although there had been some unsuccessful of information - for example, maps and
convenient and have largely replaced open attempts using similar methods previously. telephone directories. Unfortunately, the
reel recorders for household and semi- In his system, the sound track ran along information stored on it cannot be updated
professional use but theprinciple of the edge of the film itself. This meant that - it is a read only medium at the moment.
operation and type of recording tape used there were no synchronization problems The Compact Disc is an important advance
is the same. and the quality of the sound was much because it uses digital technology. The mean-
One advantage of tape recording is the better. Fig. 2 shows the appearance of an ing of this will be explained in a future
ease with which the recording may be optical sound track. article.
erased and the tape used again (unlike disc When the film was projected, light from
recordings). Also, with open reel equip- a separate small lamp - the exciter lamp - CLOCKS AND WATCHES
ment, editing may be carried out - the tape shone through the sound track. The light A further modem device using digital
cut in places, parts spliced in or removed, passing through would then flicker in technology is the electronic watch or clock.
re -arranged, etc. Thus, a radio interview sympathy with the original sound. This This is set with the correct information -
can have all the hesitations and mistakes light was picked up using a light-sensitive the day, date, time and so on and this
removed before broadcasting it. cell which produced varying electrical sig- is updated automatically. The information

Everyday Electronics, January 1992 25

may be retrieved by looking at the display also punctuation marks and so on, are
(for the time) and by pressing various but- turned into a code of numbers and it is
tons (to recall the day, date, etc). really these which the computer is stor-
It would be useful for children to use ing. When we recall the words we are
a digital stop clock or watch for simple recalling the numbers and the computer
timing operations. You will probably find turns them back into letters of the al-
that they are better at setting these devices phabet. When storing a picture, it breaks
than you are!

STORING INSTRUCTIONS
Sometimes the information we wish to
store is a set of instructions for a machine to
follow. The most powerful way of doing 0
g
111
g o
the image into thousands of small squares
(pixels) and stores these as numbers.

COMPUTERS
The first designs for machines which
could be called true computers were
this is by using a computer as we shall o E made by the English mathematician
see later. However, it is worth mentioning Charles Babbage (1791-1871). In 1833 he
"punched card" systems which are still in designed his "Difference Engine No. l-
use today. Anyone who has looked around and in 1847 his "Difference Engine No.
the back of an old fairground "steam- or- A Chinese abacus - these are still used 2". He went on to design other machines
gan will have noticed that the music is
in China. - notably the "Analytical Engine".
stored in the form of holes punched in card. divide them into columns of two beads Unfortunately, none of his machines were
This rolls through the machine. above and five below (see Fig. 3). In the ever completed because of the limitations
Today, we would call the information on right-hand column, the lower five beads of machine tool technology at that time.
the card a program since it tells the playing represent units and those above the divi- Although the machines would today be
mechanism what to do and when to do sion fives. The next column represents tens classed as computers, they were designed
it. Some Victorian table -top organs stored and fifties and so on. By sliding the beads long before the electronics age and were
similar information on discs where raised on the rods, a skilled operator can add and to be purely mechanical devices. The
protrusions on the surface pressed keys subtract numbers more quickly than by Second Difference Engine has recently
and allowed air to blow the pipes inside. using an electronic calculator. being constructed using the original plans
Punched cards were used by Joseph Jac- In 1642, Pascal invented a calculatbng at the Science Museum in London.
quard in the early 1800's to control the machine where numbers could be added This uses 4,000 (excluding the printing
pattern of weave in his loom. together by entering them on dials at the mechanism which has not been built)
Today, car -wash machines often use a front of the machine. In 1617 Leibnitz parts and weighs approximately 3 tonnes.
form of punched card which is fed into the produced a calculator which could per- The total cost of building the machine and
machine and provides the instructions for form multiplication using toothed wheels. mounting a six month exhibition is
exactly what kind of wash has been paid This type of technology was used until £500,000. This exhibit demonstrates that
for. Early cash dispensers outside banks relatively recently. William Oughtred in- these machines would have worked had it
used punched cards. Today, these have vented the slide rule which is still some- been possible to build them in Babbage's
been replaced by cards with magnetic times used today. This has a cursor which day.
striping. Here, information about the ac- can move along the various scales on the Similar but simpler mechanical devices
count is read from the card using a device ruler to perform multiplication and divi- were used until fairly recently for such
similar to a tape recorder. sion. Someone is certain to have one of calculations as insurance premiums and
Today, a computer (the hardware) needs these at home. betting odds for dog races. By today's
instructions (the software) to tell it what to These devices have the advantage of standards, mechanical computers are
do. We often store these instructions as a needing no power supply. However, there complicated, relatively slow, expensive,
program on a magnetic disc. We shall be are many types of calculation which are heavy and bulky. Also, because they were
looking at some simple examples of this not well suited to them, especially where mechanical, parts would wear out so
next month. very large or very small numbers are constant maintenance was required.
involved and the inexpensive electronic
CALCULATOR calculator is much faster and a great deal Next month we shall complete this topic
As well as text (writing), pictures and more versatile. by looking in more detail at the computer
sound, we often need to store and work Calculators can only deal with numbers as a storage medium and also explore the
with numbers. We can enter a number in an but computers can deal with text, images range of microelectronic devices which
electronic calculator and that number will (graphics) and sound. In reality, a com- are now found in everyday life.
remain in the calculator's memory. How- puter can only store numbers. Even when
ever, to use a calculator simply to store a you think it is storing text or pictures it Babbages Second Difference Engine
number is a waste of a calculator's power. is really storing numbers. Every letter being demonstrated at the Science
The same job could be done by writing it of the alphabet, upper and lower case, Museum.
down on a piece of paper.
The advantage of a calculator is that
as well as storing numbers, it can per-
form calculations on them too. Calculations
which would be too time consuming for a
human to do can now be done easily by an
electronic calculator and with much less
likelihood of error.
The first calculator was an abacus and
although this has been around for some
5000 years it is still commonly used in
China, the Middle East and Japan. It is
likely that the abacus developed from the
idea of making marks in a tray of sand
with the finger. In use, beads are slid up
and down rods.
In the most common type of abacus,
the Chinese suan pan, there are several
columns of beads with a cross piece to

26
 ESR ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS
Station Road, Cullercoats,
Tyne & Wear NE30 4PQ
Tel 091 251 4363 Fax. 091 252 2296
PCB FOUIPMFNT HARDWARE TEST & MEASUREMENT 4000 Series TRANSISTORS
UV EXPOSURE UNIT - 229 x 159rnm PCB Nylon Stand- offs clip into board 4000 £0.20 BC107 £0.14
working area, built in timer. 2 x 8w screw from base HM103S ANALOGUE METER £0.17
4001 BC108A £0 12
tubes £62.57 5mm spacing (0.24/10 .88/100 19 ranges (Inc 10Adc). fuse & diode 4002 £0 .19 BC109C £015
PHOTO RESIST BOARD - single sided 10mm spacing (0.26/10 (1.82/100 protection, battery test, shock resistant 4006 CO 32 BC177 E0 16
pre -sensitised FR4 glass fibre board 13mm spacing 0.30/10 f2.10/100 tilted case, mirrored scale, supplied with 4007 £0.20 BC178 CO 16
3 x 4 in. f0.864 a 6 in [1 .62 battery, leads & instructions 4008 f 0 31 8C179 C016
6 x 6 in £2.41 SELF TAPPING SCREWS Pan head
No x 6 4mm £13.14/10 £0.88/100 Dim 154 x 77 it 43mm £11.47 4010 £019 BC182LB £009
PLASTIC DEVELOPING TRAY £1.35 4011 £0.16 BC183LB 00.09
FERRIC CHLORIDE (0.5Kg) £2.45 No 6 x 9 5mm C0.12/10 (0.78/100 4013 £0.17 EIC1841 C0.11
No 6 a 13mm C0.13/10 (0.85/100 HC20205 ANALOGUE METER
TIN PLATING POWDER (90g) E8.33 20 Ranges (inc 10Adc). fuse & diode 4014 £0 .30 BC212L £0.09
STRIPBOARD 0.1 pitch 64 x 127mm No 6 x 19mm 00.16/10 C1.04/100 4015 £0.31 BC212LB £0.09
Cl .3064 x 431mm E4.03 95 x T2 Box 75 x 56 x 25mm £0.76 protection, transistor & diode tester, polarity 4016 £0.18 BC213LC CO 09
127mm [1 .52 95 x 95mm £1 .33 T3 Box 75 x 51 x 25mm C0.72 reverse switch, high impact shock resistant 4017 £025 8C214 CO 11
95 x 431mm C5.27 T4 Box 111 a 57 x 22rnm 00 92 case Supplied with battery, leads. stand 4018 £0.27 BC327 CO 12
BREADBOARD 81 x 60mIn 390TP M81 Box 79 x 61 x 40mm f1 38 instructions 4022 £0.32 BC328 (0.10
£2.98175 x 42mm 640TP E3.40 M82 Box 100 x 76 x 41mrn £1 48 Dim 150 a 102 a 45mm £18.45 4024 £0.21 BC337 £0.12
175 a 67mm 840TP £6.34.203 x 4025 £0.15 BC338 E008
75mm 840TP E7.00 M83 Box 118 x 98 x 45mm £1 72
HYTO7 LOGIC PROBE 4026 £0.40 BC527 CO 24
inc plate & 4mm posts M85 Box 150 x 100 x 60mrn f 2 36 4027
TTL & CMOS, displayed in light & sound. COI 8 BC528 £0 24
pulse enlargement. pulse detection down to 4029 £0.27 8C537 10 24
KITS REGULATORS 4030 £0.17 BC538 f0.24
25nsec. max freq 20MHz Supplied with 4033
Complete with screen printed & solder 78105. 78L12. 78L15 £0.24 £0.56 BC547C C009
79105, 79L12, 79L15 lull instructions £7.72 4035 £0.31 BC548C £008
mask board, components and full £0.28
instructions 7805, 7812, 7815 £0.28 4040 £0.29 BC549C £0.10
MX190 DIGITAL METER 4042 £0.22
CAR ALARM voltage drop £12.99 7905, 7912, 7915 £0.38 BC557C £0.09
LM317T I 5A 1 2-37V £0.44 19 ranges, 3 5 digit 1 2mm LCD, signal 4046 £0.31 BC558C E0.09
200W CAR BOOSTER 12/24V iniector, diode test, fuse protection, auto
CD/line/speaker input. 1M723 150mA 2-375 £0.29 4047 £0.25 BC559C £009
inc housing. £91.88 polarity & zero, supplied with battery. leads 4049 £0.20 BDX33C £0 46
ELECTRONIC DICE (dual) f9.15 DIODES & instruction manual 4051 £0.26 BDX34C £054
SOUND GENERATOR 10 tunes. Zener Diodes 2V7 -33V Dim 126 a 70 x 24mm (14.73 4052 £0.25 8 FY50 £0.24
line & speaker output £19 11 BZY88 400rnW £008 4053 £0.24 BFY51 (0 24
2.5W UNIVERSAL AMPLIFIER £6.86 BZX851 3W £0.14 M231511 DIGITAL METER 4055 £0.30 BEY52 (0 24
AF SIGNAL INJECTOR/TRACER 1N4001 -1N4005 £0.07 17 Ranges (inc 10Adc), 3 5 digit 12mm 4060 £0.31 TIP29C C0 33
adjustable o/p & i/p £8.39 1N4006 -1N4007 £0.08 LCD diode test, buzzer, auto polarity & 4063 £0.29 TIP30C £0 33
DIGITAL CODE LOCK 4 digit 1N5400 -1N5402 £0.09 4066 £0.18 TIP31 C £033
zero over range Ili low bat indication, 4069 £0.20 TIP32C £0.34
code flip/flop or latch o/p £19.11 1 N5404 - I N5406 £0.11
1N5407 -1N5408 0.15 supplied with battery. leads & instructions 4072 £0.17 TIP33C C1.02
AC MOTOR/DRILL CONTROLLER
carbon brush 24 240Vac 5A £15.28 1 N4148 Signal E0.05 Dim 130 z 72 A 33mm .£23.40 4075 £0.17 TIP41A £0.36
0/1.90 Signal £0.07 4076 £0.30 TIP42C CO28
0A91 Signal £0.10 4077 £0.15 2N2222 f0 16
D CONNECTORS 4082 £0.17 2N29054 £0 28
Plug Socket THYRISTORS & TRIACS 4089 £0.55 2N3704 £009
9 pin £0.29 £0.30
RE CONNECTORS SWITCHES 4093 £0.15 2N3705 C0.09
15 Pin £0.39 £0.39 P0102AA 0 8A 100V BNC Solder Plug CO 85 SPST Toggle f 0 58 4094 £0.31 2N3706 (009
15 Pm H D £0.81 £0.90 SCR £0.22 SPDT Toggle £0.54 4095 £0.56 2N3771 Cl 22
TIC106D 5A 400V SCR £0.40 8NC Crimp Plug £0.68 SPDT CO Tog £0.62
25 Pin £0.48 £0.50 BNC Solder Skt £1.08 4510 £0.26 2N3772 Cl 28
9 Way plastic cover £0.30 TIC2060 4A 400V Triac E0.116 DPDT Toggle £068 4511 C0.29 2N3773 11 88
15 Way plastic cover £0 33 BTA08-400BW 8A iso E1,74 BNC Chassis Skt00 78 DPDT CO Toggle £0.74 4515 C0.78 2N3904 £0.10
25 Way plastic cover £0 36 PL259 5.2mm £0.58 DPDT mini slide (0.16 4520 £0.26 2N3905 £010
PL259 llmm £0.58 Rotary Water 1P -12W. (0.09
VELLEMAN KITS 2P -6W. 3P -4W,
4521 £0.84 2N3906
Sill DE RING IRONS RND UHF socket £0.48 4534 £2.48
Stockists of the bud range of SOR UHF socket C0.40 4P -3W £0.78 4538 £0 37
Antex Soldering irons
Velleman kits Catalogue Key Switch SPOT £2.40 4541 £0 31 74LS Serif,
M 12 Watt £7 11 F Plug RG58 £0.27 Push to make £0.25 74LS00
available upon request 4572 CO25 £0.14
C 15Wan £7.11 F Plug RG6 £0.27 Push to break E0.24 741501 £0.17
G 18Watt E730 4584 CO 24
N Plug RG8 £1.64 Latching Push Sqr 4585 £0.48 741502 E0.1111
CS 17Watt £7.21 RESISTORS PCB Tact 6 x 6mm £0.25 741503
XS 25Watt £7 30 40106 £024 £0.17
£2.75 0 25W 5% CF El 2 Series 40174 £034 741504 £0.14
ST4 STAND
(0.60/100 INE AR ICs ADAPTORS 741506 C0.17
New PORTASOL HOBBY 0 5W 5% CF El 2 Series 741508 £0.17
35 Wan gas iron f11 17 TL071 CP £032 BNC Plug - PHONO Skt £0.78 CONNECTORS
DESOLDER PUMP £300 (0.95/100 TL072CP £034 BNC Plug - BNC Plug El .96
741S09 E0.17
0 25W 1% MF E24 Series CROC CLIPS 33mm 741510 £0.17
ANTISTATIC PUMP £4.30 TL074CN £0.48 BNC Skt BNC Skt £1.00 741511
22SWG 0 5Kg Solder f 7 40 11.72/100 Red or Black £0.12 £0.17
POTS Log or Lie 470R -IMO TL081 £0.29 BNC Plug - UHF Skt £1.38 CROC CLIPS 45mm 741512 E0.18
18SWG 0.5Kg Solder £6.60 BNC Pita) -2 x BNC Skt E1.89
1mm 3 yds Solder £0.50 25mm die 0 25in shaft £0.40 TL082CP £0.34 Red or Black £0.20 741S20 E0.16
PRESETS Enclosed Horz TL084CN £0.46 BNC Skt -2 x BNC Skt C1.89 PP3 Battery 741_521 OA 6
or Vert 100R - 1 MO TBA1205 £0.60 UHF Plug - BNC Skt £1.59 Snap EO 10 741S26 E0.10
AUDIO CONNECTORS 015W £0.16 LM301A £0.25 F Socket -F Socket £0.33 PP9 Battery 741530 £0.17
PHONO PLUG inc strain relief PRESETS Skeleton Horz 3 5mrn Plug -2 a Skt [1.20 Snap £0.14 741532 £0.17
£017 or Ven 100R -IMO CA311E £028 4mm BANANA 741537
Red or Black
CA324 £0.23 3 5mm Plug - 25in Skt £0.157 £0.18
PHONO PLUG right angle. 01W £0.11 0 25in Plug - 3 5rnm £0.67 PLUG Red or 741542 C0.26
Red or Black £0 23 LM348N £0.31 Black £0.09 741551 £0.19
PHONO Chassis Socket £0.16 CAPACITORS LF351N £0.36 .11.IDIA1311 4mm BUNCH PIN 741586 E0.20
6 35mm Plastic Mono Plug Ceramic Disc 100V 10pF to LM358N £0.27 PLUG Red 741592 £0.40
with strain relief £0 25 100nF £0.07 LM377 £2.57 or Black £0.30 741593 £0.26
As above but Stereo £0.45 LM380N £1.12 4mm BINDING 7415107 £0.30
Ceramic Plate 100 & 83V 400Hz 75dB 9.20V (0.72
6 35mm Chews Socket, switched 1 OpF to 12nF LM381 £2.70 450Hz 80d8 9-12V £1.14
POST Red or 7415109 0.27
Mono £0.36. switched Stereo E0.49 1 pF-1nF £0.06. 1n2 -2n7 Black C0.54 7415123 E0.40
3 5mm Mono Plug COI 7 LM386 £0.48 4KHz 90d8 3-15V £0.92 7415125
£0.09, 3n3 -4n7 £0.12. SCART PLUG £0.80 E0.21
3.5mm Stereo Plug £0.29 LM387 £1.60 2 8KHz 100dB pulsed £1.90 SCART PCB Skt £0.78 7415133 E0.22
lOn & 12n C0.06 3 5KHz 75dB 240Vac £1.22
3.5mm Mono line skt £0.24 Polystyrene 160V 5% 47pF
LM392N £079 SCART LINE 7415138 £0.24
3.5mm Stereo line skt 0.29 to 10nF LM393N £0.28 4KHz 80r1B 30V pk pk f 0 58 Skt 0.35 7415153 £0.29
PLASTIC DIN PLUGS CA555 £0.22 IEC LINE 741_5154 £0.90
47p. 2n2 £0.09. 2n7 -10n
2 pin MI5, 5/380 E0.27, 3 pin £0.12 NE556N C0.36 SOCKET E0.78 7415157 £0.21
£0.24.6 pin EOM. 4 pin £0.29 IEC CHASSIS 741S164 £0.26
7 pin (0.33. 5 /180E0.26. 8 Din NE587N 0.36 7415165 £0.63
PLUG C0.72
E0.45, 5 /240 £0.30 HEI AYS UA733 £0.64 1/10005SA Sp. E0 19 IEC CHASSIS Slit £0.54 741_5175 £0.24
XLR Chassis Socket E1.66 6V SPDT 6A CO.70 CA7410E £018 W02 1 5A 200V £0.20 CAR AERIAL 741.5191 E0.24
XLR Chassis Plug El 32 12V SPDT 6A £0.70 LM748CN £0.31 8R32 3A 200V £0.38 PLUG £0.19 7415193 (0.24
XLR Line Socket (1.45 6V DTDP 6A E1.96 TBA810S £0.68 BR62 6A 200V EV.64 CIGAR LIGHTER 7415367 10.21
XLR Line Plug £1 .36 1004 10A 400V C1.39 PLUG (0.30 7415374 L-0.32
TBA820M [0.39
ELECTROLYTIC RADIAL CAPACITORS DIE LA11458 [0.26
ULN2004 £0.48
uF 16v 25V 63V 100V
SOC. KF TS
TDA2030 £1.35 ORDERING INFORMATION
0 47 £005 £007 8 Pin E0.07 CA3046 £0.37
10 £0.05 £008 14 Pin £0.11 CA3080 £0.72 All prices exclude VAT
16 Pin £0.16
22 CO 05 f0 06
18 Pin
CA3130 £0.98 Please add 85p carriage to all orders and VAT (17 5%)
47 £005 £008 £0.15 CA3140 £0.44
10 £006 £006 £0.06 C0.08 20 Pin (0.18 CA3240 [1.22 No minimum order charge
22 C006 £005 £009 24 Pin £0.19 LM3900 E0.72
47 £006 £006 f 0 11 28 Pin £0.22 LM3914 E2.70
Please send payment with your order
100 CO 06 £009 £0 11 40 Pin £0.26 LM3915 £2.70 PO/Cheques made payable to
220 £0 09 £012 £031 MC4558 (0.36 ESR Electronic Components
470 £015 £0.19 £0.57 NE5532 £0.80
1000 £0 22 £029 ICL7621 f 1 70 Access & Visa cards accepted
2200 £0 37 £0 57 Office' orders from schools & colleges welcome
4700 El 11

CALL IN OPEN. MON 8 30 5 00 SAT 10 00-5 00

Everyday Electronics, January 1992

 'ANAT CDNIAL
AU 1-0 and
Barry Fox reports from Berlin
on the latest trends in home
entertainment on show at the
Funkausstellung '91 exhibition.
EVERY two years since 1924, with only the war years satellite broadcasters, like Rupert Murdoch's BSkyB, are scorn-
missing, the city of Berlin has staged a radio show or ing MAC and using the terrestrial PAL system.
Funkausstellung. The radio show has now become an In Berlin Peter Bogels, President of the EU-95 HDTV di-
international "world of consumer electronics" exhibition taking rectorate, blamed the European Commission for leaving PAL
in TV, video, satellite, telecommunications, computers, games, loopholes in its 1986 MAC Directive.
hi fi and electronic gadgetry. "There was a flaw, a hole in the law, that let people start PAL
Manufacturers from all round the world now see the In- transmissions", said Bogels. Despite the magnitude of the EC's
ternationale Funkausstellung, or IFA, as the prime pad for mistake no one in the HDTV directorate can say who in the EC
launching new products into Europe. This year IFA was bigger was responsible.
than ever, with 571 exhibitors from 29 countries spread through EC Telecommunications Commissioner, Filippo Maria Pan-
25 enormous exhibition halls. Despite an entry fee to the public dolfi recently met Rupert Murdoch in Brussels and joined Ger-
of 15 German marks (around £5 pounds) the organisers man Telecommunications Minister, Christian Schwarz -Schilling
expected nearly a million visitors during the ten day show. in Berlin to announce the EC's latest plan. This doubles, to 1 Bn
For the first time since 1961, visitors came over from the East. ECUs, the European tax payers' money available for simul-
Where the Berlin wall once stood, there is now just a strip of taneously broadcasting PAL programmes in MAC until January
land with not a trace of the concrete obscenity which for thirty 1994. Any new broadcaster now starting in PAL must switch to
years split the city in two. In fact the only trace of the wall MAC in 1994 and will not be paid the sweetener to simulcast.
are the pieces of rubble which street merchants now sell off as Pandolfi has now asked a Working Group to report by 15
souvenirs September on whether there will be enough satellite transmit-
Significantly, satellite aerials are now sprouting over the drab ters in orbit to cope with simulcasting.
concrete appartment blocks and old housing (some still bomb - Eight German broadcasters (ARD, ZDF, RTL Plus, Sat I, Pro
damaged and shell -pocked) in the Eastern sector. 7, Tele 5, Premiere and VPRT) issued a statement saying "No"
IFA saw the usual crop of electronic novelties, and the emer- to the proposal because "it is not fair for the EC to make this law
gence of several distinct trends in the consumer electronics in- and not friendly for the consumer or for owners of satellites or
dustry. receivers in Europe".
Although demonstrations of the 1250 line HD MAC system
Whats Up Mac at Berlin were impressive, parallel demonstrations intended to
In the run-up to opening -day all eyes had been on Philips show how HDTV signals can also be received on 625 line MAC
and Sony who were due to try and build confidence in their sets were disappointing.
new home digital recording systems, Digital Compact Cassette Although this was due to technical defects in the cable relay
and Mini Disc. There was also clearly a row brewing between system used on the enormous exhibtion site, no one told the
the satellite broadcasters, such as BSkyB, who want to con- million visitors expected. Whereas the ditigal circuits in a full-
tinue transmitting in PAL, and European electronics companies blown HDTV set can compensate for spurious echo signals,
who have invested heavily in the development of MAC and high other sets cannot.
definition MAC technology. As the show opened a temporary The first demonstration of a wide screen PAL system, PAL
truce between Philips and Sony collapsed and the simmering Plus, which Grundig, Nokia, Philips, Thomson and European
bitterness between the PAL and MAC factions flared into open broadcasters have been developing in parallel with HDTV, gave
warfare. better pictures than the MAC demonstrations. To avoid
By 1992 the Eureka 95 team of 1000 engineers will have undermining MAC's credibility, the PAL Plus designers stress
spent over £500 million pounds on an HDTV system to broad- that their system is
cast the Olympics to 1000 HDTV sets across Europe. The HDTV intended only for
system is a 1250 line version of the 625 line MAC system terrestrial use. But
developed for satellite. If MAC fails, so does HD -MAC. Most they admit it could
equally well be
Widescreen TV set from Nokia' ITT used by satellites.
To transmit PAL
Plus, the broad-
caster feeds a 625
or 1250 line wide
screen picture sig-
nal through a digi-

The HK33 LD
multi -media laser -
disc .system from
Sharp brings all the
fun of "Koraoke"
into the home. The
system is claimed
to allow anyone
to "sing -along"
with the video
clips of their
favourite stars.

Everyday Electronics, January 1992

tal filter. This reduces the number of picture scanning lines by a Philips has much stronger software support than Mini Disc,
quarter. The remaining three quarters appear on a conventional but missed the trick of bringing this out at the press conference;
4:3 aspect ratio PAL TV set as a letterbox picture, with black there was no Question and Answer session.
borders at the top and bottom. Whole strings of Japanese electronics companies, including
The filtered information is converted into a digital "helper" Sony, Pioneer, JVC, Denon, Mitsubishi, Akai, Trio- Kenwood
signal like teletext. This helper is buried in the black borders of and Toshiba have not yet signed to support DCC. Neither have
the letterbox picture as a signal which conventional TV sets treat tape companies TDK or Maxell.
as pure black. So the helper code is invisible on conventional The rest of the industry may very well back DCC in the future,
sets. A PAL Plus receiver decodes the helper to rebuild a 625 but at present for Philips to say that "everybody is supporting
line picture which fills the full area of a 16:9 wide aspect screen. DCC"is as inaccurate and foolhardy as the origial slogan
Demonstrations given at Berlin prove that the "helped" signal is Philips coined for CD, -perfect sound for ever". As proved by
clearer than the orginal. the poor quality of early CD players and the scare over discs
which failed because the air got to the aluminium reflective
Behind Closed Doors layer, nothing is perfect and nothing lasts for ever.
Pre -show leaks had Philips and Sony doing a cross-licencing
deal on their new, rival, home digital recording systems, Digital Mobile Library
Compact Cassette (Philips) and Mini Disc (Sony). There were Although Philips looks likely to win the battle for a new de -
no such deals. And both companies badly fumbled their pitch. It facto home digital audio standard with DCC, Sony is surely
is a measure of the strength of DCC that the format still looks onto a winner with Data Discman, launched last July in Japan.
likely to prevail over MD. Tagged "Tomorrow's Mobile Library-, this is a portable CD
The show opened with no sign of MD or DCC on Sony's player with an LCD screen and small Qwerty keyboard. It plays
public stand. Upstairs, in a closed room behind a wall of 8cm CD-ROM discs which contain reference works, text books,
bureaucratic security the trade and press could see MD, with foreign language dictionaries and encyclopaedias. The 8cm disc
descriptive plackards and literature round the room. A DCC has a storage capacity of 200 megabytes. Although this is only
player (one of the many hand -built models made by Philips) sat one-third the storage capacity of a full size, 12cm CD-ROM, it is
on a shelf, without any descriptive material, like an unwelcome more than enough to hold several volumes of an encyclopaedia.
corpse. Data Discman has been a success in Japan with over
The was no sign of DCC or Mini Disc on the Philips stand 130,000 units sold and 35 disc titles now available. The
either. This in itself was a surprise bearing in mind the Discman ROM discs are incompatible with existing CD-ROM
considerable amount of advance publicity which DCC has computer systems and with the CD -Interactive system to be
generated. Upstairs, and behind similarly bureaucratic security, launched next year. Also, although the portable unit can be
Philips demonstrated DCC in a studio room and had four units connected by video lead to a TV screen for clearer display there
in a glass case. The top end DCC-900 will be launched in the is no socket for connection to a computer. This is deliberate
spring, the mid -range DCC-300 in the late summer along with policy It prevents users downloading text or data from an
the DCC-180 "portable personal", and a car player due towards electronic book. This restriction has encouraged publishers to
the end of 1992. support the format.
At Sony's press conference Kozo Ohsone, Senior Managing Data Discman will go on sale in Germany this November,
Director of Sony and Jack Schmuckli, Chairman of Sony's for around 1000 DM (around £350) with 14 electronic books
European operations, claimed that Mini Disc was being "en- including Langenscheidt's English/German dictionary and the
dorsed by major players in the software industry such as EMI, Bertelsmann Universal Lexicon. Sony plans a launch in the UK
Warner and Sony's own CBS group". Sony also distributed a early next year with English language titles.
document which clearly promised that Sony, EMI, Warner, Vir- Data Discman could finally make electronic publishing a
gin and BMG "will support Mini Disc". A question and answer reality. Although many electronic books and databases are al-
session proved this to be pure wishful fantasy. ready available on 12cm CD-ROM, a mish-mash of standards
Said Christian Jorg, BMG's Manager of New Technologies requires that the set-up for a Personal Computer with CD-ROM
(representing RCA, Ariola and Arista), "We are interested in drive must be fine-tuned to run each CD-ROM in turn, with the
Mini Disc. We would like to evaluate it. But we are quite a way set-up for one disc not working for another. By creating a new
from introducing it. It does not have our full support at this standard for Data Discman Sony guarantees the user buy -and -
point. No decision has yet been made about it and when we will play simplicity, while protecting the publisher from piracy.
release material on Mini Disc".
BMG's Chairman Michael Dornemann had already written to Travelling Light
Michael Schulhof, President of Sony Software, CBS. "Clearly Every year it seems that manufacturers cannot possibly make
BMG needs more information on Mini Disc before we can begin video camcorders any lighter or any smaller. Virtually all now
to consider marketing and manufacturing preparations". use a tiny solid state image sensor (CCD chip, less than 1cm in
A spokesman for EMI was equally vague. "We have an open size) behind the lens instead of the bulky tube sensors used
mind to every carrier Geoff Holmes, Senior Vice President in early video cameras. But every year the rival manufacturers
of Time Warner, (Warner, Elektra and Atlantic) was equally manage to shave off a few more grams and centimetres. This
reserved. "It is too early to talk. We are evaluating MD". The brings its own penalties. Panasonic now builds an electronic
man from Virgin never showed up. image stabilizer into its Palmcorder, a VHS -C camcorder with
Back in London Virgin confirmed there had been no deal with 12:1 zoom lens weighing 700 grams. The image stabilizer com-
with either Philips or Sony. pensates for the unsteadiness in pictures shot with a light cam-
"If the public wants it we will sell it" said Virgin. corder that fits in the palm of a hand.
Sony now claims the record for the smallest
No Endorsement and lightest camcorder in the world. The
Prior to the show there had been agreement between Philips new Traveller TR-705 weighs just 590
and Sony that each would exhibit each other's format. "I don't grams and will sell for under £1000.
know what they've done with ours", admitted Schmuckli. In The remarkable feature of the
fact Philips had sent it straight to Eindhoven for technical Traveller is that it
evaluation. is a Hi -8 recorder,
Around 500 people attended the Philips' press conference the 8mm video
and many left bitterly disappointed. Completely misreading the equivalent of
predominantly technical environment at Berlin, Philips sailed in Super VHS.
with a patronizing presentation that centred round a clumsy -
audio -visual show anchored by Peter McCann, described by
Philips Audio MD Wim Wielans as from the BBC's Tomorrow's
World. As a matter of record, McCann left TW in June.
Both McCann and Wielans repeatedly used the slogan
"everybody is supporting DCC". Even with the qualification
which McCann later added, "by which we mean everyone in The VHS -C
the whole chain of the music industry who is of importance", NV -35
this claim is patently and blatantly untrue. Palmcorder
BASF are committed to tape production. For hardware, from Panasonic
Grundig, B&O, Thomson, Sanyo, Sharp and Yamaha are on weighs in at
board with Matsushita (Panasonic/Technics) and Tandy. only 700grams.

Everyday Electronics, January 1992

Pictures are better than broadcast quality. The Traveller also ventional TV picture) so photographers can use their Photo CDs
records sound in stereo. as a storage and quick display medium. They will then pay the
Hitachi is now introducing new technology which will let Photo CD centre to make high quality paper prints of selected
camcorders get even smaller and lighter in the future. Its new images.
8mm models VM -23 and VM -25 convert the analogue signal Philips will make Photo CD players for Kodak to sell under
which comes from the image sensor into digital code. All the the Kodak brand name. Other manufacturers will be able to buy
processing work which must be done on the picture signal a circuit board which performs all the vital functions. Kodak
before it is recorded can now be in the digital domain. This hopes that this will encourage other firms to start selling their
reduces the amount of circuitry needed because it much easier own -brand Photo CD players.
to integrate digital systems into a single chip than analogue Unlike all other new formats Photo CD has the advantage
systems. Witness the way watches and claculators have got that it is not dependent on pre-recorded software. Photog-
smaller and cheaper, with more and more facilities. raphers are in effect creating their own Photo CD software.
The big question mark is over price. Kodak may well be able
W Mouse to meet the promised price tag of around £300 for a player
Nokia/ITT is already selling table -top VCRs with a system (which also plays audio discs) but the predicted prices for
called ASO (Active Sideband Optimum) which gives clearer transferring snapshots to Photo CD look very over -optimistic.
pictures from poor recordings, e.g. old tapes. ASO works by At Berlin Kodak reiterated its pledge that the Photo CD Centre
cleaning up the f.m. video signal which comes off the tape will charge less than £10 to transfer 24 pictures from film to
before it is demodulated and processed by all the conventional disc. Having in mind the heavy capital investment in transfer
circuitry in a VHS recorder. Now Nokia has developed ASO equipment (up to £100,000) the cost of blank record -capable
Plus, which goes one stage further. CDs (currently around £30 each) and the cost of labour to
ASO Plus continually monitors the condition of the f.m. sig- control the transfer process, it is hard to swallow the El 0 price
nal coming off tape and applies only the amount of clean-up promise.
processing that the signal needs. So the recorder gets the best Kodak says that volume production of discs will drastically
possible picture from any tape, whether old and worn or brand reduce their price. But I now have a bet (one pint of beer) with
new. Kodak's head of public relations and legal affairs in Europe, Dr.
Japanese company Sanyo uses ASO, but probably only be- Karl Steinorth. At Berlin I bet him that the cost of transferring 24
cause Sanyo makes Nokia's VCRs under subcontract in Japan. pictures will be higher than the 25-30 DM (well under £10) he
So far no other Japanese company has taken up Nokia's system. pledged at Berlin.
Nokia's new slogan is, "The sharpest image VHS video ever had In Japan both Sony and Canon sell electronic still picture
to offer". But JVC, inventor of the VHS video system is not cameras which record 50 images on a 5cm (2in.) magnetic
impressed and has no plans to use ASO. floppy computer disc. Both companies launched in the USA but
Nokia may have more success with a clever new remote sales were slow. Sony never launched its Mavica system in
control for a TV set or VCR. It works like a computer mouse. The Europe but Canon went ahead with the Ion. Sales of the Ion
viewer just presses a couple of buttons to display a cursor on have been slow too, for one very simple reason. People like to
screen and then tilts the control from left to right or up and carry snapshot prints around in their wallets to show to friends.
down to move the cursor and select options from a menu. The An electronic still camera must be connected to a TV set to
control has a tiny roller ball, like a ball bearing, hidden inside. display images.
The ball rolls between infra -red diode light sources and light
sensors to generate an electrical signal which indicates the New Trends
physical position of the controller. This signal is then translated At Berlin Panasonic announced a video printer which can
into a control signal which moves the cursor on screen. connect to a video recorder, or electronic still camera, and make
a paper print from the video image. But the Panasonic Movie
CD Photos Printer, which goes on sale this winter, will cost at least £1000,
Over the last ten years portable video recorders and camcor- with blank paper as costly as photographic paper.
ders have completely killed the small gauge, home movie film To solve the cost problem Canon unveiled its "Ion print serv-
industry. Kodak no longer even makes Standard 8 movie film ice" at Berlin. Canon says that by the end of 1992 over 1000 hi
and Super 8 cartridges are increasingly hard to find in the shops. fi, video and camera shops throughout Europe will have in-
Now there is a trend towards electronic still imaging. Kodak stalled a video printer. Photographers will take electronic snap-
argues that electronic still cameras can never match the resolu- shots on an Ion camera and then take the floppy disc to their
tion of 35mm camera slide film and is committed to the hybrid nearest Ion service centre. There they will tell a sales assistant
system called Photo CD. At Berlin Kodak confirmed plans to which of the 50 images on the disc they want printed. Each
launch this new system in the UK next June. colour print will take around two minutes to make, and cost
Photographers will shoot pictures with conventional cameras around 75p. The printer is controlled by a Commodore Amiga
and conventional film and have it processed in the usual way. computer, which allows some manipulation of the image before
Then they will pay a Photo CD centre to convert the pictures printing. Although the system works well print quality is frankly
into digital code and transfer up to 100 onto a 12cm CD. This poor - generally inferior to a Polaroid instant picture print.
Photo CD will play on a Photo CD player, looking like a CD BASF has a neat idea for a new range of VHS cassettes. It is
player, which displays the pictures on the screen of any TV set. borrowed from the 8mm video format. On audio cassettes users
The images stored on the disc are of a far higher quality than prevent accidental erasure or over -recording by breaking off a
any TV screen can display (four times the resolution of a high safety tag on the rear edge of the cassette. The same system is
definition TV picture and fifteen times the resolution of a con - used for VHS. The only way then to record on a protected cas-
sette is to stick Sellotape over the gap left by the broken tag,
The new VHS cassette which is inelegant.
from BASF has a sliding Video 8 cassettes have a sliding tag, similar to the sliding tag
record' save tab.
on 3.5in. computer floppy discs. Now BASF has made a VHS
cassette with a sliding tab instead of the usual breakable tag.
First prototypes use a red tag but BASF will change it to green,
reasoning that it makes more sense to have a "green for go"
signal.
Now that wide screen 16:9 aspect ratio TV sets are coming on
the market (from Thomson/Ferguson, Nokia/ITT and Philips),
manufacturers are looking at ways of using home video as a
source of wide screen material. JVC in Japan already sells
an anamorphic lens adaptor for its camcorders. This optically
squeezes a wide screen image into the conventional 4:3 picture
area, just like a Cinemascope cinema film camera. The tape
is played back on a conventional VCR, and for viewing is
projected onto a screen with an anamorphic lens over it.
The more elegant approach is to squeeze and unsqueeze
Breakdown of the Nokia the image electronically, without the use of extra lenses. This
TV Mouse controller is done by altering the speed at which the picture lines are
showing the roller ball scanned. A standard already exists for doing this.
between the Led. sensors. At Berlin JVC announced that it will soon start selling a
Everyday Electronics, Januart 1992
30
Super VHS recorder which will electronically compress a wide
screen image for replay on wide screen TV sets. The HR -S
4700 also has circuitry which automatically detects whether the
image recorded on tape is of conventional 4:3 size or com-
pressed 16:9 wide screen format. It then decodes the picture
depending on aspect ratio.
Initially the HR -S4700 will be of most use for playing back
pre-recorded tapes of wide screen films made in compressed
format. Thomson/Feguson already has plans to subsidise the
duplications of widescreen movie tapes. But the logical next
step is a camcorder with the ability to record electronically
compressed wide screen images. Although there is so far no
VHS camcorder which plays this trick, Hitachi showed the
pre -production prototype of an 8mm camcorder which can
shoot in either wide screen or conventional 4:3 format.
This Hitachi camcorder has a CCD image sensor which has
wide screen, 16:9 aspect ratio. For wide screen filming, the full
area of the CCD is used, with the picture electronically com-
pressed into 4:3 format for recording onto tape. For 4:3 shoot-
ing, the camera uses only part of the CCD image sensor area.
Electronic compression is made easier because the camcorder
uses Hitachi's digital signal processing circuitry.
The widescreen pictures shown at Berlin on a wide format
back projection screen were very impressive. This must surely be
the way amateur video movie making goes in the future. The new Photo CD discs and player from Kodak. The latest
Philips widescreen T1" can he seen in the background.
Cinevision
Berlin was seen by the European TV manufacturers as the North American NTSC TV which has a picture rate of 60Hz, find
launch pad for widescreen TV sets, with an aspect ratio of 16:9. wide area flicker very noticeable on European 50Hz TV sets. At
The manufacturers have now coined the neat name tag "Cinevi- 100Hz flicker disappears completely.
sion". The Ferguson Space System 16:9 wide screen set, and also
There is mounting confusion over just what the various new Nokia's, doubles the line structure from 625 to 1250 but retains
widescreen sets offer, and what compromises they adopt. To try an interlaced structure and retains the 50Hz field rate. So there
and clear the air I put together a short summary in the simplest are 50 images a second, each made up from 625 lines staggered
words I could find and then got all three manufacturers, Philips, to interlace on screen as a 50Hz, 1250 line picture.
Nokia/ITT and Thomson/Ferguson to check it for accuracy. The Philips widescreen set retains the 625 line interlaced
Conventional 625 line TV in Europe displays 50 images a structure, but doubles the field rate from 50Hz to 100Hz. So
second, each made up from 312.5 lines, vertically staggered so there are 100 images a second, each made up from 312.5 lines,
that they interlace to create the illusion of twenty five 625 line staggered to create the illusion of fifty, 625 line pictures.
pictures a second. Philips will move next to 625 line "progressive" scan at 100
Philips and Grundig are already building 100Hz circuitry into Hz, with 100 images a second each made up from a full 625
their large screen 4:3 TV sets. Some people, especially if used to lines.

WINTER 1991/1992 CATALOGUE

OUT NOW!
100's of price reductions
throughout the catalogue
200 pages
Latest new products
LEE's worth of discount
vouchers
On sale from 14th November
at most large newsagents
or directly from cid&
£1.70
plus 30p postage

Cirkit CIRKIT DISTRIBUTION LTD

Park Lane Broxbourne Hertfordshire EN10 7NQ
Telephone (0992) 444111 Fax (0992) 464457
; I

Everyday Electronics, January 1992

Across
2

9
Some call a servant, a shining light,
It's straight and narrow, all right?
Very tiny, but just the same,
A thousand micro's this contains.
A useful amp, that 741,
So Pam Perkins now has one.
Electric pressures rule the game,
. 1 2

9
4

..
,,
E
E
1 x R equals the same. 10

C
1 1

10 The initial start I want to see,

Of a rival to EE. 14
12 1

Likewise of 10 across.
R
11
This time the BEST - the Boss!
12 Current is limited. there's no chance. 1-
But Oh Mum! She has resistance.
14 Transistor's are all the same, some moan,
But this one's in a field of its own. 18
15 Some words reversed have a value of none,
This little gem is worth a million. S
18 Such a variable device, my dear.
To measure one's potency. we hear.
19 Let there be light, and resistance low.
What is it, initially, I want to know.
19 11 21,, S
20 Although not manual, this feedback is able,
It's in my bag contents and keeps me stable.
21 A large source of energy, it can't be seen,
23 24
W
The MP holds it, if you see what I mean. 26 27
23 Not NOT, nor NOR, this gate can be,
But any high input, a high output you'll see.
30
25 No connection, but there should be,
It is a fault? It could be.
27 "Hear this!" he said "The answer's within."
111 R
31
It will provide a thorough grounding.
29 On the end of a 'scope lead, to prod so willing,
But first stop Robert, he holds it within.
D
30 Electric, water or gas, it could be, 13 Swinging needle or LCD,
Most likely 240 volts a.c. It'll measure the same with accuracy.
31 Is this a golf course, we hear? 15 It's a good yardstick for some,
Just short connections from there to here. And sounds just like 13 down. L)ttfiort,
16 All inputs up switch and output too,
Down
1 Digital electronics isdhe order of the day,
This clever gate hides in sand for you.
17 This is motivation initially.
Applied to electronic circuitry.
grrrting,9 fn
Initially, it's an uncommitted logical array.
2 Far from dead, this brown wire be,
Potentially dangerous, go carefully!
19 Freed from darkness but still in clamps,
This shining example might draw amps. all our
A burning riled that won't melt your heart, 22 Some good contacts must be found,
3

4
A bit too hot to handle this part.
One by any other name, but so appealing,
They'll be a snip, the other way round.
24 For wire or solder this can be,
rrahrrii
This holds wires in the ceiling. It sounds genuine enough to me.
5 A memory so lecherous, we hear, 25 As 12 Across, but plural you see. These puzzles are for fun
It's random and without Visa. Oh dear! A James Bond Movie, initially.
A sound where left and right compare. 26 It's not paper, you can't write to this,
only. See page 51
6
Fine if you only have one ear. But you can read, only memory it is. for solution.
8 A male connection and that's a fact, 28 Noah led his animals with this direction,
Just gulp backwards to make contact. This i.c. socket will make the connection.
All the words in this Word Search are to do with electronics.
EE WORD SEARCH When all the words are found, the remaining letters, starting
from the top left hand corner, will spell out a familiar title and a
name associated with it. Every letter is used.
E L B T S A E M P The words to find are:
G I N F R A R E D E R ADC POTENTIOMETER
AGC POWER SUPPLY
A U Y N D A G C Y S E
AMPERE RADAR
T L L E D E E D E F C ASTABLE REEL
L T I P R R I M E N CHOKE RESISTOR
DIODE RIPPLE
I R C S S T E T S EMF SCALE
V M M I E I U C K R D P INFRA RED SOFTWARE
LAMP SOLDER
S N I P E P H S E A M E LED SPEAKER
L K E P P N L E D C A LINEAR SWITCH
MOSFET TEST
H M L K R E E L L T K
OHM TRACK
0 R Y E R T F S D E OP AMP TIMER
PHASE TOOLS
T I M E R 0 T S I S E R
PINS VOLTAGE
R E T E M 0 I T N E T P PLUG WIRE

32 Everyday Electronics, January 1992

 JANUARY SPECIAL OFFERGKIT
MARCO rit w oON LY NEW
TRADING
INCORPORATING EAST CORNWALL COMPONENTS
ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS
& EQUIPMENT TO81 B VIDEO LIGHT KIT NEW
ownVISA
MAIL ORDERS WHOLESALE
VISIT
A semi professional video light kit com-
prising 100W halogen lamp remote 12V
VIDEO
RETAIL
SEND ORDERS TO - DEPT 1 dc 7Ah sealed lead acid battery in carry-
ing case with shoulder strap 220/240V
LIGHT
MARCO TRADING SUPERTBONICS
Tel 02.666 6504
ac operated battery charger and cam- 30W
THE MALTINGS. HIGH STREET. WEM 65 HURST STREET corder power supply adaptor 30W video camera
light with not shoe
SHROPSHIRE SY4 5EN BIRMINGHAM 135
tilling and power
Tel: (0939) 32763 Telex: 35565 4TE T08011 CAMCORDER BATTERY on oh switch Ac-
Fax: (0939) 33800 CHARGER cepts 6V 1700mAh
WALTONS
ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC battery pack (Sony
COMPONENT SUPPLIERS
Ter 0902 22039
56A WORCESTER 5' KIT NPSS and NP77
A universal tY0,callyt
£15.99
WOLVERHAMPTON
rA2 G.
24HR ANSAPHONE camcorder

charger power MAXELL

LATEST 1992 rxrrt. POST & PACKING
IS NOW
supply kit
consisting of
TAPES
CATALOGUE rmr the charger . HS JVC
* Velleman Kit Catalogue
* Free pre -paid envelope
£2.25 cigar lighter
socket
3 HOUR
UDI-90
90 MINS
F-' ALL PRICES connecting £1.99 each £7.50
* Many new lines lead cam-
* Pages of special offers INCLUDE corder power lead 4 adaptor plugs and a pouch 10 for
* Free gifts Compatible with the majority of 6 7 2 and 9V camcorde £1.75 each 10
1 7 Y2% VAT batteries £22

TWIN FLUORESCENT LAMP -12V COMPUTER GRADE CAPACITORS

47000 1000 Max Ripp 6 4 at tooth: 83-C
CAMCORDER BAG BSR TURNTABLES ...
We have lust taken delivery of another large quantity of
DIMS 115 x 50rnrn List price is over C '4 eaCm
Reis. Not from us I 10 BSR Turntables which this time are mounted on a plinth
finished in black They really lOOk good Plinth is ' chip-
ORDER COOS SO/COMG £3.50 £3.00 board for easy drilling etc Supplied complete with car
QUARTZ -HALOGEN SPOTLIGHT !ridge and stylus and drive belt
A very attractive twin tube iampholder with THIS UNIT SUBJECT TO DESIGN Motor rating 12V 0 06A Complete with arm lift lever
two 12V OW fluorescent tubes While pies- CHANGE Hand neld or nang-
lic Casa wilt, clear plastic ribbed diffuser ing HeM resistant poly., Plastic arm speed selector 33145rpm 1 10 -
and ON/OFF switch Supplied with Nuns
01 twin lie. tor connect.," to 1/0 battery borate housing highiy polished ORDER CODE SO BSR P t1 2.50 £11.00
IRed shit. to positive) Ideal for caravans
reflector Protective lens cover 't rJ
boats vans etc doubles as base stand With
On/Off switch and 12ft curly
Overall dimensions 370 x65 x 41mm cable terminating in cigar lighter
ORDER CODE Opto TFL 12
plug Produces 250 000 candle
1 10 SO
Power - 5 times the intensity or
Price £6.50 5.00 £5.25 average car headlamps
1089A
Power 125 Pc 4 5A 55W
SINGLE FLUORESCENT LAMP -12V Dims 160. 88 I lOrnm Price £5.75 CAMCORDER BAG £16.99
identica to .Dove u, but single tube 120 snouiaer sttac
dc 8 Watts Dims 360 62 x 37mm AUTOMATIC LIGHT SWITCH Sok dallied carncorcier cog
ORDER CODE Opto SL £5.50 Plug- r sw One sterna pocket and tour z-pped externs pock- COMPONENT SPEAKER SYSTEM
tan e amps et BlaCh --- '.c. a PRICE £25.75
SPARE TUBES
turns
radios etc two to 500W
r

8020 (TC8500)
Replacement tube for above Timm and rn.I when H.e ambient CD PLAYER G060 (CDP 10) 2 s 3 way component speaker system Comprising two e 5 woofers two
4 -midrange .0 2 25 tweeters anew! leads l.. pOrng screw.
Single Hourescent lamps Fits most 12V light level falls belt. a
fluorescent lamps Philips etc Tube pre -sat level switching Off Finished In black with black mean grills FULL RANGE OF
tenon appro. 300mm linc Pine) again when the light ievei EMINENCE CAR
rise, Mal ,mum power 8088/side

e99
ORDER CODE Opto Tube
£1.50 ea, 10 for £12 Power 2202405 ac 5004: Frequency response 60-20000aq SPEAKERS AND
145.65.42mm Speaker sizes 6 5 woofer
Dims
4 midrange 2 5 !ratter LOUD SPEAKERS IN
PORTABLE FLUORESCENT LAMP -126 trn ance 411 o
FULL RANGE OF ICS AND *3 r semi-cOndu,
SEMI CONDUCTORS IN Er 1, a, . programmable , e SOLDER 18 & 22 SWG 500rir1 REEL
1 10-r
OUR LATEST 1992 Track search arid index 18swg C4 95 fa 70
Free-standing or nenging wan 1511 cable CATALOGUE 22 swig C4 99 C4 75
terminating in cigar lighter plug For use in System
(*Huai 0.0,P
Compact diN digital audio system
3 -beam urn -conductor amp
Remember Our antes INCLUDE VATI
Car boat van or home emergency I2v dc
CHIC
EVEN FLOATS IN WATER,
BT APPROVED
Error COrreCtiOn
',Quer*, 41 11./ CLOSED CIRCUIT TELEVISION SYSTEM
Overall dimensions 430 11 30rnm
ORDER CODE 1. IC. Master Sof e. El 30 D A conversion Skit linear '.CAMERA I X CASIERA BRACKET
Fate, Digits line, active law
Price £6.50 6.00 £5.25 Master SOckeI ,Sufface
Secondary Socket diushl
£325
£225 F requencT '"PC"'" 2040000Sb £120 £7.75
Secondary Socket (surface) E2 15
t5p
14arrnoriK distortion
SN ratio
0 Or.
`.80,713
W. i NEW
FULL RANGE OF B T Cable Ipor moln. I
15 199M 4 Core E1200 Channel 901Nra"n 70013
BABANI BOOKS IN OUR 15 199M 6 Core £1700 Mae output cottage 2vrms
Line Jack Core with Plug £220 Power 240V Etc IOW Complete price
1992 CATALOGUE Lead 5 metros Orns 35C ti 90 . 290mm
E E2 75
£185
ADDITIONAL KITS Plus C10 carr,
RESISTOR KITS
- each value Disc ceramic 50v 125 pieces C3 99
Zener Diodes Sea 55 pieces C3 99
Individually packed Electrolytic, cape
%Ws.. 10 each value Ell- 106 to 11.1 610 pieces E5 to radial 100 pieces C8 50 FM TRANSMITTER FM KIT
%W pm* S each value E 12 - 1018 to 11.1 305 pieces El 75 Fuses 0 blow 20mm SO pieces C4 75 Made in U K For n.ose of you who
%W gods Popular - tOR to 10M 1000 pieces £6 99 Fuses T delay 20mm 80 pieces C8 50 enjoy building kits -
%Maack 10 each value El2 - 262 to 2M2 730 pieces 08 75 we now Offer tn. above
0540 Pre-set pots Hor 120 pieces C7 75 Very non dual ty Mini Bug - ideal for
'AW peck 5 each value El? - 262 to 2M2 365 pieces Charges AA. AAA. transmitter in kit form
'/.W peck Popular - 2R2 to 'OM 1030 pieces
11N pack S each E 2 - 2R2 to 1M 365 pieces
Maack Sewn value Ell - IOR is 2542 317 pieces
CIO 75
C1525
En 00
Pre-set pots Vert 120 pieces E7 75
Polyester 100V
Nuts 8 Bolts
110 pieces C5 00
800 pieces C5 99
NI Cads
240V AC
4.99 baby alarm etc.' A very good range is
obtainable - we have Obtained Over '
mile but it does depend on conditions
Ideal la PM spin.r
supplied compiele
with full easy to follow
Simply remove Cover - infer battery -

NI CAD RECHARGEABLE and you r ready to go Reception can rstrucbmws 14o. NOT
YUASA SEALED LEAD ACID BATTERY BATTERIES be obtained on any FM radio
FrequenCy 105-109MH: FM
INCLUDED - See our
BOXES Section for
suitable housing
1 - SUPER PRICE! PRICE EACH
ORDER CODE SEC. FMB!ORDER CODE
SEC flaw
f10.50 10 -
VUASA Two for C19.00
AAA
AA
1 -

£1 50
95p
f 1 30
85p
PRICE: £9.99 ems £7.50
1111
08144-411 Its
0195C C1 80
C1 85
11:3MX121210222/32131.=
C35.00 IIMIERMOSOORIEW.
C200D
I n, I.de5 BACK-UP LEAD
PP3 £310 75
Two for C60.00PM * Optima Alarm Control Pane ACID BATTERY
E eternal Red Bell Bo.
CHARGE VOLTAGE Number * 2 .1 Internal Passive! R 12V 1 SAN
DIMENSIONS Max Initial Cyclic Standby Of Medlin * 2 e Door Contacts
YUASA CODE H W D Charge Current 2 5VICell 2.3V/C011 Celle Price
C17.95
* Siren for ball bo. £15.27
HP10-8 101 X 151 X SOrnm 2.5A 7.5 6.11 3 * 100 mtrs cable and clips LEAD ACID
NP24-1213 125 X 186 X 17Smm 6.0A 15 13.1 6 (59.95 Full lining instructions CHARGER
Weights NP10-6 2 2Kg NP24-126 22 7Kg NP24-12B NIS bolt style terminals NP10-6 is spade styie ONLY £1 30 £19.99
Everyday Electronics, January 1992 33
 Constructional Project

STEPPING MOTOR
DRIVER/INTERFACE
MARK STUART
An explanation of stepping motor +VE
operation plus a stand-alone MAGNETISED
ROTOR

demonstration/driver board which also

allows computer drive.
SUPPING motors have always regulator provides a 5 volt supply from the
provided one of the simplest ways of main motor supply for the low power sec-
producing controlled movement in a tion of the circuit.
wide range of hobby, commercial, and The main driver i.c.'s inputs are all ac-
industrial applications. Although mechani- cessible via a single -in -line eight way plug
cally very simple, their electrical drive on the board which allows direct computer
requirements are more complicated, control without having to change any links
requiring special driver i.c.s which are in or switches. f tE3432.1
turn driven from a computer.
For many applications the computer STEPPING MOTOR Fig. 1. Principle of operation of a step-
programming is simple, providing no more
than a measured pulse train to the driver
PRINCIPLES ping motor.
The operation of stepping motors is best that they can align in 48 or 200 different
i.c. In these circumstances an excessive
explained by means of Fig. I which shows positions.
amount of computer time can be wasted a diagram of an elementary motor with a
just running the motor to evaluate its If the rotor of the simple motor were
single permanent magnet for a rotor and rotated by hand, it would tend to "notch"
mechanical performance. Where computer two pairs of electromagnetic poles for the
access is limited, as in a teaching environ-
into one of four preferred positions with
stator. This motor would have only four the magnet aligned either way round with
ment, any means of saving computer time steps per revolution, but operates on ex-
is valuable.
each pair of poles. This effect is shown
actly the same principle as one with 48 or by ordinary stepping motors which have a
This project allows stepping motors to 200 steps. The main difference is that both very "notchy" feel when rotated. Counting
be operated and demonstrated without the rotor and stator have several pairs of the notches gives the number of steps per
tying up a computer, but also includes a magnetic poles instead of the few shown so revolution in Full Step mode.
computer interface which allows full com-
puter control when required. It is an ideal
means of testing and evaluating stepping
motor applications and projects, and al-
lows excellent classroom demonstrations.
The design is the result of many requests
from teachers, and others, over the past
few years and it is hoped that it meets
most of their requirements.

FEATURES
The circuit can drive almost any stan-
dard four phase unipolar stepping motor
in Full Step, Half Step, or One Phase
mode, with variable speed and accelera-
tion, and with continuous I.e.d. monitoring
of the winding energisation sequences. Two
preset speed controls allow instantaneous
Start/Stop operation for low speeds and
low inertia loads, and Ramp Up/Ramp
Down operation for high speeds and high
inertia loads.
A third control allows the ramp time to
be adjusted to match the load. The low and
high speed controls can be used together to
give instant starting to low speed followed
by ramped acceleration and deceleration to
and from a higher speed.
A separate power supply is required; I2V
at IA is sufficient for most small motors
but up to 35 volts and I.5A can be handled
by the output driver i.c. which has built in
thermal protection. An on -board voltage

34 Everyday Electronics, January 1992

 To energise the simple motor, terminals
A, C. D. and B are connected individually
or in combinations to the negative terminal
U of the motor power supply. If terminal A is
connected, then current flowing from the
13:12 E S
C (s pal E WAVE DRIVE
(ONE PHASE) motor supply through the winding mag-
netises the associated iron core in one di-
r1 rection. Connecting terminal C instead of
A magnetises the core in the opposite direc-
2 4 tion.
If terminals A and C are connected to
Fig. 2 Wave Drive magnetising sequence. negative together, then the two currents'
magnetising effects oppose one another
and the core is not magnetised at all. The
Table 1: Wave -Drive Sequence same effects apply when connecting points
B and/or D to negative, the magnetisation
Half Step = L, One Phase = H of the associated core follows a similar
Step A pattern. Note that the two cores, with their
windings. operate entirely separately from
PRO ON OFF OFF OFF
one another.
1 ON OFF OFF OFF
2 OFF ON OFF
ON
OFF
OFF
WAVE DRIVE
3 OFF OFF The simplest way to drive the motor is
4 OFF OFF OFF ON called Wave Drive. Fig. 2 shows the stator
magnetising sequence and the correspond-
ing rotor positions, and Table I shows
which terminals are connected to negative
for each step. Ignore for now the other
information in the tables which refer to
6J4 bi Ld Ll. other connections of the driver i.c. The
FULL STEP
relevant information is in the columns
(TWO PHASE) marked A to D and rows I to 4.
In Wave Drive. as each winding is
11 N1 rl 19 energised. the magnetic rotor moves to
2 3
align with the electromagnetised poles. By
switching in the correct sequence the
Fig. 3. Full Step or Two Phase drive sequence. magnetic rotor moves to each position in
turn, rotating fully after four steps. By
energising the windings in the reverse
Table 2: Two -Phase Drive Sequence sequence, the rotor can be made to revolve
Half Step = L, One Phase = L in the opposite direction.
Wave Drive is the simplest method to
Step A describe but is not a very efficient way to
PRO ON OFF OFF ON run a stepping motor. This is because only
1 ON OFF OFF ON one winding is used at a time and so only
2 ON ON OFF OFF half of the winding wire and space, and the
OFF ON ON OFF stator core material is utilised. To improve
3
ON
upon this Two Phase or Full Step drive is
4 OFF OFF ON
used.

FULL STEP
Full Step (or Two Phase) drive involves
a similar four step sequence to Wave Drive
but two windings are energised at each step.
Fig. 3 and Table 2 show the rotor positions
and the winding energisation patterns.
Note that the rotor aligns with the
stronger magnetic field between the two
2
3 rN1 HALF STEP setsof poles. The torque is increased
substantially over Wave Drive as two
1§-1 windings now provide the magnetic field
NI E- 11 E instead of one.

P1 P1 r
HALF STEP
5 6 6 A third method of operation is Half Step
Fig. 4. Half Step mode magnetising sequence. mode. This is a combination of the two
previous ones and takes advantage of the
rotor's ability to align alternately with the
stator poles and between them, to double
Table 3: Half Step Drive Sequence the number of steps available from the
motor. Fig. 4 and Table 3 show the rotor
Half Step = H, One Phase = L positions and winding energisation pat-
terns.
Step A
In this mode the torque varies up and
PRO ON OFF OFF OFF down with each half step as the motor
1 ON OFF OFF OFF moves alternately between Wave Drive and
2 ON ON OFF OFF Full Step modes. This would seem to be a
3 OFF ON OFF OFF disadvantage, but it is not a serious one. As
4 OFF ON ON OFF the motor does not have to move so far
OFF OFF ON OFF with each step the varying torque does not
5
ON ON
reduce performance significantly, and the
6 OFF QFF
increased smoothness of running due to
7 OFF OFF OFF ON
twice the number of steps being used gives
8 ON OFF OFF ON big reductions in noise and vibration levels.

Everyday Electronics, January. 1992 35

 In most practical stepping motor applications Full
Step or Half Step operation are used. Wave Drive is
a 0
Co
0-
inefficient and often a smaller (and cheaper) motor can
be used driven in Full Step mode than would be possible
0 with Wave Drive. Other more sophisticated methods of
cc".
drive are used in industry.
In 2
One such method is Microstepping, where the current
in each winding is not just switched on and off, but in-
creased and decreased in a series of steps so that the
rotor can take up many intermediate positions between
the poles. With the necessarily complicated circuits this
method gives very high accuracy smooth movement.

SPEED
There is no lower speed limit to stepping motor opera-
tion. One step every week is quite acceptable. At the
opposite end of the spectrum however the maximum
speed is limited by many things.
The main limit is determined by the inductance of the
windings which reduces the rate at which the winding
current can rise. Above a certain speed the winding cur-
rent reduces until the torque becomes too small to be any
use. This limit can be pushed up effectively by increasing
the motor drive voltage at high speeds, but there is still a
limit, and stepping motors can only be considered as low
0 speed drives.
a Switching of the windings is normally carried out
ce
ai electronically by power transistors. To use mechanical
switches such as relays is impractical because of the
U.1

4 operating speed required. In this design a special i.c. is

used which contains four Darlington power transistors
.0 and all of the logic to switch them in the correct sequence
-
to give all three modes of operation described.
The i.c. is driven by various logic inputs which select
the stepping mode, direction etc. In addition a variable
frequency pulse train is provided to drive the "Step" in-
put of the i.c. For each pulse received the i.c. outputs
advance one step in the selected sequence. The faster the
pulse rate, the faster the motor rotates.
0
uo CIRCUIT
The full circuit diagram of the controller is shown in
r - - - -1 Fig. 5. The motor driver and interface i.c. (ICI) is the
M5804. The inputs to ICI are pins 9, 10, I I, 14, and 15.
These are driven with logic levels provided by SI to S4
and the output of IC3a which provides a pulse train for
the Step input.
The four i.c. outputs are Darlington transistors con-
nected to pins I, 3, 6, and 8. The internal block
schematic of ICI is shown in Fig. 6 and the output
Darlington transistors are shown individually in more
detail in Fig. 7. Each output device is fitted with a
parallel reverse protection (ground clamping) diode and
a flyback (supply clamping) diode. These prevent any
high voltages from appearing across the transistors as
to 0-0 the inductive motor windings are switched on and off.
Though the transistors are each rated at 35 volts and
1.5 amps, the total output that can be provided by the
i.c. is limited in practice by the package temperature rise.
To allow, the maximum dissipation the i.c. has a thick
copper lead frame which allows heat to pass down the
pins to the circuit board tracks. The printed circuit
board layout has been designed to allow plenty of track
area around the ground pins (4, 5, 12, and 13) to act as a
o heatsink.
J u W um
0 an
0
Cr
The flyback diodes are connected to pins 2 and 7 of the
i.c. These are normally connected to the highest (posi-
tive) voltage point in the circuit. In this application these
connections have been made via wire links to the motor
supply positive rail. Alternative connections are possible
(for example via Zener diodes) but for most applications
direct links to the motor positive supply are preferred.
Plenty of space has been allowed on the board for
current limiting resistors. These (marked RM) are used
when the application demands especially quick response
time and improved torque at high speeds. How this
0 0 works is explained later. For most applications these
resistors can be omitted and replaced with short circuit-
ing links.
On the input side the i.c. is almost a standard CMOS
0000. device. The only difference being that the logic supply
must not exceed 7 volts. There are five input pins which
I function as follows:

36 Everyday Electronics, January 1992

 The rest of the circuit is concerned with slider immediately appears on the output
OUTPL' e ESUPPLY providing ICI with input pulses and logic of IC4c. C5 then charges via VR2 so that
levels to determine the mode of operation. the voltage at the input to IC4b slowly
E OUTPUT
and indicators to monitor the output. Four changes to match that at the output of
KBD

OUT PuT E I input control pins to ICI (pins 2. 3. 7. and

8 on PL2) are normally held at OV by
IC4c. In this way the voltage controlling
the pulse frequency ramps slowly up (and
EDIRECTION
means of 100k resistors RIO to RI4. To set down) to the required level. The setting of
Lc, c
EGROUND these pins to 5V (logic I) they are pulled up VR2 and the value of C5 set the ramp rate
GROUND
through resistors R5 to R8 via the four- which can be adjusted so that the final
GROUND C
t-E GROUND way s.p.s.t. switch SI to S4. As the direc- speed is reached in a time between a few
milliseconds and several seconds.
tion control switch is likely to get a great
tt STEP INPUT deal more use than the others an additional The Slow speed setting control does not
OUTPUTc
switch (S5) is also fitted. this is a more have a ramp facility and the pulse fre-
EHALF STEP robust p.c.b. mounted switch that will save quency changes immediately to the re-
K AC
wear and tear on S3. quired setting. This is achieved by applying
OUT PUT A EONE -PHASE The main input to ICI is the STEP input the voltage from VR4 to the lower end of
which is at pin 6. This is driven with
C5 via IC4d and to the upper end via
positive pulses from a voltage controlled IC4c. This means that C5 does not have
Itli.324 I

oscillator made up from IC3a, and b, and to charge or discharge as the voltage
Fig 6 Internal schematic of IC1 IC4a. The frequency of this oscillator is ACROSS it does not change, and so the
controlled by d.c. voltages supplied via pulse frequency changes instantly.
IC4b from IC4c and d. These in turn are This method is known as bootstrapping,
fed from the two speed control potentio- and is used in many other types of circuit,
meters VR3 and VR4 via push to make especially to reduce the effect of undesired
switches S6 and S7. capacitances. Its application here is less
common but it does an admirable job as
OSCILLATOR
The oscillator is best explained if it is first
it allows both fast and slow controls to
work independently and together without
assumed that C4 is fully discharged and any unwanted interaction.
therefore has no voltage across it. If a slow The power supply for the logic section
speed has been set by VR4, and S7 is being of ICI and the pulse generating circuits is
pressed, a d.c. voltage will be present at the derived from the motor supply via D9 and
output of IC4. C4 begins to charge from IC2 with decoupling capacitors CI and C2.
this voltage via R18 and VRI. IC4 com-
pares the voltage across C4 with a reference
voltage (approximately 0.5V) which is gen-
INDICATORS
Four I.e.d.s (1)5 to D8) are provided to
erated by a potential divider consisting of monitor the states of the output drivers.
IC1 PINS 9 & 10 TRUTH TABLE VR3 and VR4 in parallel in its upper sec- these are protected from reverse voltages
PIN 9 PIN 10 tion, and R22 in its lower section. by DI to D4 and have their supply cur-
At first the voltage on C4 is small and rent limited by RI to R4. These are useful
TWO-PHASE L L well below the 0.5 volts across R22 and for demonstrating the various operating
ONE -PHASE H L so the output of IC4a stays close to OV. modes, and light with or without a motor
HALF-STEP L H As soon as the voltage on C4 rises above
STEP-INHIBIT H H the reference voltage, the output of IC4 Spaces are allowed on the board for
rises swiftly to nearly 5V, and triggers the series limiting resistors "RM" which are
Pin 9 - One Phase monostable formed by IC3a, and b. The used with lower voltage motors or higher
This pin sets the i.c. in One Phase step- output from IC3a is a positive pulse which supply voltages. For most applications
ping mode when it is set to logic I. drives the STEP input of ICI via R15 and these should be replaced with wire links
Pin 10 - Half Step turns on TRI via R17. As TRI turns on it and the motor supply voltage should match
This pin sets the i.c. in Half Step mode immediately discharges C4 which begins to the motor rating.
when it is set to logic 1. charge again via RI8 and VRI at the end It is advantageous to use series resistors
Note that when pins 9 and 10 are both of the monostable pulse, and so the cycle and to increase the supply voltage above
at logic 0 the i.c. is in Full Step mode, continues. the motor rating when very high perfor-
and when they are both set to logic 1 the The higher the voltage on the output of mance is required . The resistor values are
i.c. ignores incoming Step pulses ( Step IC4b, the higher the charge current and so chosen to limit the motor current to the
Inhibit mode). This latter function can the quicker the voltage across C4 rises. In maximum allowed for the motor. This has
be useful under computer control as it this way the frequency of the output pulses the effect of increasing the rate of rise
allows the motor to be stopped with- is proportional to the applied voltage. of motor current and allows faster step-
out interfering with the Step pulse input. The use of a voltage controlled oscillator ping rates and higher acceleration to be
Table I shows this more clearly. is necessary because stepping motors can- achieved without overheating.
Pin 11 - Step Input not be driven at full speed from a standing
start. The two push switches allow this to
When this pin changes from logic
to 0 (negative transition) the motor ex-
1

be demonstrated because the SLOW speed CONSTRUCTION

Construction is relatively simple as the
ecutes one step. The actual winding ener- switch (S7) applies the control voltage
instantaneously whilst the FAST speed entire circuit is built on a single printed
gisation sequence depends on which step circuit board (available from the EE PCB
mode is selected. switch (S6) allows the control voltage to
ramp gently up to the set speed at a rate Service code EE782), and there isn't any
Pin 14 - Direction Input wiring to off -board components. Fig. 8
This sets the direction of rotation determined by C5 and VR2.
shows the component layout and the cop-
of the motor by reversing the step-
ping sequence. The selected sequence FAST SETTING per track pattern.
Before fitting any components check that
progresses down the table when the pin The Fast speed setting voltage is buffered
by IC4c which has a voltage gain of I. the three potentiometers fit correctly into
is set to logic 0, and up the table when set the large holes in the board and that all of
to logic 1. To ensure correct sequences It has a very high input resistance and
so does not load VR3 which provides it the other holes are clear of solder.
are followed, this pin, and pins 9 and 10,
with a d.c. voltage input corresponding to Fit the resistors and diodes first and
should only be switched when Pin I 1

solder them in. Resistors RIO to R14 are in

(Step Input) is at logic 0. the required speed. The voltage from IC4c
is applied to the input of another buffer a single -in -line network which has its com-
Pin 15 - Output Enable mon pin at one end marked with a dot. The
All outputs are turned off when this pin amplifier (IC4b) via the ramp control VR2
and shunt capacitor C5. The other end of board has been drilled to accept 8 or 9 pin
is held at logic I. This is useful for power networks. Some of the pins are unused but
saving in advanced applications by allow- C5 is held at constant voltage by IC4d
which is set to the reference voltage via R20 do not need to be cut off as they only
ing the outputs to be pulsed on and off connect harmlessly to the negative supply.
(Chopped). For most applications it is when S7 is open, or to the Slow speed select
voltage from VR4 when S7 is closed. Preset VR1 should be fitted with care as it
tied to logic 0. This pin does not affect the
As S6 is closed the voltage from VR3 is an open type and prone to damage.
stepping sequences in any way.

37
Everyday Electronics, January 1992
 51 -54
CO S5 1rr111,-
COMPONENTS 0000

Resistors DS(:) Cy.) D7(:) De©

R9
R1 to R4 330 (4 off) -11
R5 to R8 10k (4 off) I PL
RS R6 R7 R8
R9 22 R4 R1O-R14 N,
1
R10 to R14 100k 8 or 9 pin SOO 1 rt. U I Jr
R1 R7 R3 rTiA-2--
r
single in -line II 11 11 II
network sHor .61 6 WW '4;
ICI
R15 10k TALK T T
R16 to R18 10k (3 off) Pogo
R19 100k
R20 150k R15 SEE TEXT
VR1
R21 1M5 R2 2
-1 {:1
R22 1k r
RM To suit motor and supply R21
R16 CS
(see text)
All 0.25W 5% carbon film except R10 to R14 I SEE RM
t, T
TEXT r
Potentiometers
aO R18

VR1 470k preset, lin L- 1c3 C7

VR2 470k rotary carbon, lin. V/
COM
VR3,VR4 22k rotary carbon, lin. (2 off) ppp
R" T1319
D9 I
1/P4cjil/P+
Capacitors Q60"
C1 68p radial elect., 35V () IC2 0 TR1
C2 100µ radial elect., 10V
C3 10n ceramic, 50V (5mm)
C4 100n polyester, 100V (5mm)
C5 lu multilayer ceramic, 50V
(5mm)
C6, C7 1n ceramic plate 50V (2 off)
Semiconductors
D1 to D4 1N4148 signal diode (4 off) 0..Cheolo
D5 to D8 Red 3mm I.e.d. (4 off) omminimm..0 0
D9 1N4001 1A 50V rec diode commo
O °mom* toiernsmaggrrmalts
ICI M5804 stepping motor driver
IC2 78L05 + 5V 100mA voltage reg
IC3 4001 quad CMOS NOR gate
IC4 LM324 quad op.amp.
TR1 BC183B npn transistor

Miscellaneous
Or
SI to S4 4 -way s.p.s.t d.i.l. switch fe
S5 p.c.b. slide switch
(optional) ..-.0,_0_,-.0
S6, S7 p.c.b. mounting s.p.s.t.
push -to -make switch
(2 off) cnIt..--
Printed circuit board available from EE PCB
Service, code EE782; PL1 6 -pin 0.1 in matrix z MILO=
p.c.b. header; PL2 8 -pin 0.1 in matrix p.c.b.
0
,
header; motor to suit, see text; 2 -way p.c.b. 3,
terminal block; connecting wire; solder, etc. w Th1
0 I I m
ICO
Approx cost 1333 A° d141:18 1S1:13 MO1S
guidance only £30 0 / i / 4,3ri !al)
 check that the I.e.d.s stop. Repeat the will change the direction of rotation, but
Next fit ICI directly into the board. As will not have any other effect.
explained earlier this i.c. uses its pins to process this time using S6 and VR3 and
note the effect of VR2 on the speeding up Whichever motor is used it is essential
conduct heat away to the printed circuit to have a power supply that can deliver
board tracks, a socket is not recommended and slowing down of the pattern. If all is
well so far adjust VRI and check that this enough current to supply two windings to-
as it seriously reduces the flow of heat to gether without dropping below 8V. If the
the board and would reduce the i.c. current has an overall effect on the speed range of
both controls. Note also that the speed supply falls further the voltage regulator
rating. The M5804 has proved to be very IC2 will run out of headroom and its out-
reliable and so it is unlikely ever to need range is the same for VR3 and VR4. the
only difference being that the ramp affects put will drop. causing no damage, but with
unsoldering. 1C3 and IC4 can be fitted in unpredictable results to the rest of the cir-
sockets as this will help with fault-finding only S6 and VR3.
If any of the I.e.d.s will not light check cuit.
should any be required. IC2 should be sol-
the polarity and the associated resistor and It is possible to operate lower voltage
dered directly into the board. motors by having a separate 5 volt supply
Apart from Cl and C2 the capacitors can diode.
If the oscillator section is not operating for the logic circuits and removing link
be fitted either way round. Two spaces LK I. Motors can then be driven from as
have been provided for C5 so that its properly check that the voltage from IC2 is
5V and that the voltage across R22 is ap- low as 3 volts, but the I.e.d. indicators
value can be doubled by adding another will not function properly. PL2 allows a
capacitor in parallell to give a prolonged proximately 0.5V. Measure the voltage on
the sliders of VR3 and VR4 and check that separate 5V supply to be connected for this
ramp time. purpose, and it can be conveniently derived
Switches SI to S4 are in an 8 -pin d.i.l. it can be adjusted from 0.5V to 5V. IC3c,
and d are buffer amplifiers and so their out- from a computer supply as only 30mA or
package and could be fitted into a socket if
puts should follow their inputs over most so is required. Resistor R9 protects the
preferred. If heavy use is expected it is computer in case of short circuits.
better not to use a socket, as the constant of the range between 0.5V to 4V. Similarly
movement could cause intermittent con- the output of IC4b should also follow its
tact. S5 must be soldered straight into the input. COMPUTER
board. In order to keep the switch upright
it is helpful first to solder just one pin. The
The output of IC4a should be low most
of the time, pulsing positive only very
OPERATION
All inputs to ICI are available at PL2 for
switch position can then be adjusted by briefly. Without an oscilloscope this will be
impossible to see and so a multimeter will
connection to a computer output port. For
melting the solder, and the other pins can many applications it will only be required
be soldered when the correct position has simply read OV. It should be possible to get
to connect the Negative, Step, and Direc-
been obtained. This process is also useful this section of the circuit working by simple tion pins. The rest can be pre-set by the
when fitting PL I and PL2 and the I.e.d.s all checks and careful inspection as there are
switches. Most computer ports will easily
of which need to be fitted upright on the not many components involved. override the switch settings which are fed to
The correct operation of switches SI to
board. ICI via Resistors R5 to R8. These resis-
A number of wire links are required. S5 can be checked by a multimeter on the tors should prevent any conflict and give
These can be made from insulated or bare pins of ICI or PL2. Setting a switch to ON
will raise the voltage from zero to 4.5V. the computer automatic priority.
tinned copper wire and should be bent Programming is simply a matter of set-
neatly before insertion into the board. Note that as S3 and S5 are in parallel
closing either of them will have the same ting the output port line connected to the
Fit two more wire links in the positions Step input High and Low alternately each
marked RM unless resistors are to be used. effect, and both must be open to get OV.
The various operating modes of ICI can time a step is required. More advanced
The two push -to -make switches have programming will allow the motor to be
small plastic pips on their undersides which be inspected by operating the switches and
accelerated and run at different speeds. Up
must be removed so that the switches fit flat setting the lowest possible speed with VR3
to four boards and motors can be operated
on the board. or VR4. With the correct setting it is from a single port if sufficient program-
When everything else has been done the possible to single-step the circuit so that the
ming skill is available, and only Step and
potentiometers should be fitted. Bend the motor drive sequences can be followed. Direction commands are required to be
tags forward so that they fit into the holes The truth table and motor drive sequence
tables should be referred to and each under program control.
from the track side of the board with their
combination checked.
spindles passing through to the component
side. Fit the nuts first and tighten them IN USE
As a demonstration tool this board is
before soldering the tags.
complete, carefully
MOTOR excellent. The three modes of motor drive
Once assembly is
check the soldering for dry joints and CONNECTIONS
is established that the circuit is
can be run and their characteristics ob-
served. The effect of inertial loads on the
bridges, and ensure that all components are Once it
correctly placed and the right way round working correctly, a motor can be con- acceleration and motor stability can also be
where necessary. Time spent at this stage nected to PL I. The Magenta MD35 has a investigated. For practical applications the
can save a great deal of time later finding connector attached already that matches motor can be run from the board and any
these connections and can be plugged in mechanical problems sorted out before em-
simple faults.
either way round. All Four phase unipolar barking on computer control. Two boards
motors have two separate centre -tapped and motors provide the basis of a computer
TESTING windings which are interchangeable. As controlled X - Y positioning system which
The entire circuit should be tested before long as the two centre taps are correctly could be operated from just four lines of a
connecting a motor. D5 to D8 indicate the identified, and the corresponding winding computer port. All in all the board is an
state of the outputs from ICI. ends are connected either side, the motor effective and inexpensive way to put step-
Apply a current limited supply of be- will run. Reversing either of the windings ping motors to work.
tween 8 and 15 volts to the Motor Supply
terminals. A convenient type of current
limit is a small bulb, such as a I2V 2.2
Watt type wired in series with the positive
supply. Alternatively a resistor of 10 ohms
or so could be used. A bulb is preferable,
as it lights to indicate excessive current
drain.
As S6 and S7 are open circuit there
should not be any drive pulses to ICI and a
static pattern of one or two I.e.d.s should
be present provided SI is set to the OFF
state. Set S2, S3, and S4 to OFF as well so
that ICI is set into the Full Step or Two
Phase mode.
Now set VRI to mid position, and VR2,
VR3, and VR4 fully anticlockwise. and
press S7. Whilst holding S7 rotate VR4
clockwise and check that the pattern of
I.e.d.s begins to change and speeds up as The prototype p.c.b., the final version has been modified slightly.
VR4 is rotated further. Release S7 and
39
Everyday Electronics, January 1992
 TALK
the resulting two end leads separated by a
coloured ceramic bead and are usually used
to establish test points on circuit boards
The eyelet terminals should be readily
available from advertisers and are normally
sold in packs of ten, each of different
colour, for about £1 per pack. The rest of
with David Barrington the components are standard items, but the
lighthouse "rocks- or base must be able to
accommodate the loudspeaker
TRANSISTOR CHECKER eluding p c b and their MD35- % motor, The speaker must be rated at 64 ohms
Running through the list of components is available from Magenta Electronics, but physical size will depend on the final
required to build the Transistor Checker we Dept EE, 135 Hunter Street, Burton - model The one used in our "cut out" light-
were not expecting any supply problems to on -Trent, Staffs, DE14 2ST (1116 0283 house is a miniature 38mm diameter type.
be encountered when ordering parts We 65435) Add £2 for post and packing The model and electronic circuit is built
were surprised to find that the two major The printed circuit board is available from on printed white card which can be
components, namely the rotary switch the EE PCB Service code E E782 obtained from the EE Editorial Offices for
mechanism/wafers and the meter. are not the sum of £1 50 (including postage) The
so widely stocked as first anticipated. MIND MACHINE PROGRAMMER wiring up of the circuit card is ac-
The 0-500µA moving coil meter used in Some of the semiconductor devices complished by the use of the Vero Easiwire
the model is an Altai T23 type and has called up for the Mind Machine Pro- "no soldering" wire -wrapping system
an internal resistance of 360 ohm This grammer, an add-on board for last month's To help with assembly special arrange-
meter is currently listed by Greenweld
project, will certainly cause local sourcing ments have been made with Green -
(code Y200, some with mirrored scale), problems and take some finding weld Electronic Components (lib 0703
Henry's Audio Electronics (code Y200) The only source we have been able to 236363) and Bull Electrical (ip 0273
and Electrovalue (code T23) locate for the LP2951 CN micropower volt 203500) to supply a complete kit, includ-
Other meters can be used of course age regulator is from Electromail ing cards, for the sum of £5 95 plus £1
provided they have identical electrical 0536 204555), code 648-578 postage They are also making a special
characteristics The size of case may need to Double checking current catalogues offer on Easiwire wirewrap kits - see
be changed to accommodate the meter and advertisement listings for the "Special Offer' page 54
DAC0832LCN D/A converter chip, the only
used One such meter is available from MICRO -SENSE ALARM
Greenweld (Code Y183) at about half the source of supply appears to be from
Viewcom Electronics (lip 081 471 We do not expect any component pur-
price chasing problems to be encountered when
The miniature rotary wafer switch
9338) They are also able to supply the
Analogue to Digital Lc ADC0804LCN and buying parts for the Micro Sense A/arm
assembly is usually listed in catalogues The piezoelectric sounders used in the
under such sub -headings, within switch the static RAM
The rest of the semiconductors seem to model are, in fact, the elements only.
sections, as "Maka- Switch" types and be generally available and should not cause Because of the dangers of possible dam-
consists of the mechanical mechanism and concern. Most of them are listed in the age during soldering it might be wise to
various combinations of wafers. The latest components catalogue from Crick- purchase elements which have leads already
spindle rotation limit stop of the mechanical attached to them These leads can be cut
assembly is adjusted to stop at position five lewood short and the specified two -core screened
A number of 2 -pole 5 -way (Electrovalue
However when placing your order for
parts, make sure your supplier understands cable soldered to the shortened leads.
-- RA series) more common
or the
that you want the BC184 transistor and If you are going to use tilt switches for
2 -pole 6 -way wafers (Maplin NOT one with the letter L (BC184L) Al- additional security, the miniature metal en-
FH46A-mech, FH48C-wafer), (Crickle- though it is the same transistor. it has differ- capsulated mercury types should be pur-
wood Electronics WSM1 -meth, ing leadout arrangements according to let- chased These are fairly widely stocked and
WS26 -wafer) are mounted on the should not be a problem
ter code If you are stuck with a BC184L,
mechanical assembly to form suitable the leads can be carefully bent to fit on the You could use the miniature, mercury
switches for this application loaded, metal cased vibration switch or the
The single -sided printed circuit board is circuit board
The printed circuit board for the Pro- miniature glass encapsulated tilt switch
available from the EE PCB Service, code grammer is available from the EE PCB Serv- The glass type are fairly fragile and would
E E781 (see page 66) ice, code EE780. Finally, it is very important certainly need to be well protected as
that ALL constructors and possible users of mercury is a poisonous substance.
STEPPING MOTOR the unit pay special attention to the warn- The 6V battery used in the unit should be
DRIVER/INTERFACE ing at the start of the article a rechargeable sealed lead -acid type These
The M5804 stepping motor driver c. i
appear to be available from the larger com-
specified in the 'comp list" for the Step- BISHOP ROCK LIGHTHOUSE - ponents stockist On special offer at the
ping Motor Driver, Interface is only avail- SIMPLE MODEL SERIES moment is a 6V 10AH version from Marco
able from Magenta Electronics. They The miniature solder terminals shown in Trading which, although slightly more ex-
also list a range of suitable stepping motors use on the "circuit boards- for the Bishop pensive, will give a much longer "standby
for use with this stand-alone or computer Rock Lighthouse, this month's Simple life" This will mean a larger case The printed
linked circuit. Model Series project, are the p.c.b. eyelet circuit board is obtainable from the EE PCB
A complete kit of parts (£29.95), in - type. These consist of a looped wire with Service, code EE783 (see page 66)

of a series or mini series but it will not

record films designated 18 without a

EVERYDAY
UK IC DESIGN
security code. In addition to this it puts a
title and time on the start of the recording
so your tape is easily identified. The
system is not "local time- dependent thus
The Integrated Circuit & Application Centre at Southampton, the first eliminating the problem associated with a
24 hour clock, summertime changes,
of its kind to be established within Philips Semiconductors, was formally different time zones (on satellite broad-
opened by Kevin Kennedy, Chairman and Managing Director, Philips casts) etc.
Electronics (UK), on Tuesday 22 October 1991. Channel 4 are already transmitting the
Employing some 360 staff, the majority Startext necessary Startext codes and others are
of whom are graduate engineers or At Southampton engineers are develop- likely to follow soon. Philips say that the
equivalent, it represents an investment by ing the chips for the products of the systems is so simple even an adult can
Philips of some £6.8m and is one of the future. Just reaching the retail shops are program the video.
largest single concentrations of electronic VCR's with Startext or PDC (Programme Other developments at Southampton in-
engineering expertise in the UK. Delivery Control), this is the best system of clude Teletext for Far Eastern countries
The centre combines on one site the programming a VCR we have so far seen. where ideographic systems of writing are used
design, marketing and logistics operations The user simply calls up the Teletext i.e. in Chinese; closed captioning for hearing
for microchips used in all types of con- programme schedule page, selects the impaired on US television, as required to be
sumer electronics equipment - television required programme with a cursor and the fitted to most TVs sold in the USA by 1993,
sets, VCRs, compact disc players etc. It rest is automatic. If the programme is Digital Compact Cassette chip sets, continu-
also looks at how new developments in delayed (or broken with a news bulletin) ing development of chips for NICAM stereo
chip technology will improve the perfor- the VCR will still record it and not the and compact disc, plus HDTV developments
mance of such equipment. interruptions. It will record every episode with D2 -MAC chips etc.

40 Everyday Electronics, January 1992

2 x 220 watt MOSFET AMPLIFIER MAIL ORDER IILOFAX.
A top -of -the -range
performer that £1 BARGAIN PACKS PERSONAL ORGANISER
RADIO/CALCULATOR
will satisfy the
most demanding BUY 20 GET 1 FREE Solar Powered
audio enthusiast If Please state pack(s) required Calculator
you're looking
for an amplifier
Eight Digit
No. Pry per pack Display
to power your BPOISB I 30W dome tweeter Size 90x66m11 JAPAN made
subwoofer. the H P017 1 33000yF 16V d c electrolytic high qualny can
Imperial, Battery
SPARKOMATIC is all you II need' Highly purer grade UK mode
Metric Powered
sophisticated MOS-FET technology dramatically RPO 19 211 20 ceramic trimmers
extends frequency response. separate input RP020 4 Tuning capacitors 2 gang dielectric a m type Conversion AM Radio
3 position. 8 tag slide switch 3 amp rated 125V
sensitivity controls. built-in protection circuitry for FIP021 10
a c made In USA
Tables High/Low
overheat and short circuit with I e d indication. BP022 5 Push button switches push on push off 2 pole Volume Control
output power: 2 x 220 watt maximum and 2 x 110 changeover PC mount JAPAN made
watt at 01°/s THD. Bridged 440 watt mono BP023 6 2 pole 2 way rotary switch Earphone provided
maximum and 220 watt mono at 0 5°, THD BP024 2 2 Right angle. PCB mounting rotary switch. 4 Punched with 6 holes to fit loin all personal organisers
pole. 3 way rotary switch UK made by LOR-
£164.50 plus E3.50 P&P LIN 1.110 price MIS OUR PRICE £8.95 plus 75p pap
13P025 4 3 pole 3 way miniature rotary switch with one
100 watt x 4 CLASS A AMPLIFIER extra position on lopen frame YAXLEY type/ 30 4- 30 WATT AMPLIFIER KIT
8P026 4 4 pole 2 way rotary switch UK made by LORLIN
FOR CARS B P027 30 Mixed control knobs
Stereo rotary potentiometers
Delivers 4 x 100 watt into 4 woofers or with the aid 10029 6
BP030 2 10k wire wound double precision poten
of its built in active cross over delivers 200 watt of tiometers UK made
Bass via sub -woofer output and 2 x 100 watt, B P032 4 UHF vancap tuner heads. unboxed and untested
full range into 2 speakers, thus giving you all UK mad* by PHILIPS An easy to build amplifier with a good specifica-
the power you require to make even traffic jams FM stereo decoder modules with diagram UK
BP03.3 2
made by PHILIPS
tion All the components are mounted on the
a positive pleasure SPECIFICATION 4 x 100W 6- zit,' High grade Ferrite rod UK made single PCBwhich is already punched and back -
(40). 2 X 200w Bridged. THD 08%. S/N RATIO 7 BP033A 4
81,034 3 AM IF modules with diagram PHILIPS UK
90db, RESPONSE 10Hz-50KHz, LOW PASS FILTER MADE 30W x 2 (DIN 4 ohm)
SWITCHED 75Hz 150Hz. INPUT 4 x PHONO 100-3 8P034A 2 AM FM tuner head modules UK made by Mui CD/Aux, tape I, tape II, tuner and phono in-
Volts. INPUT x 4 HIGH LEVEL 20K0. SIZE 240mm x lard puts
50mm x 400mm 1003413 I HiF, stereo pre -amp module inputs for CD Separate treble and bass
tuner tape magnetic cartridge with diagram
£118.50 postage £4.50 UK made by MUL LARD Headphone jack
BP035 6 All metal co axial serial plugs Size (H W D.) 74 x 400 x 195mm
Fuse holders panel mounting 20mm type Kit enclosed' case PCB, all components, scale
75 watt x 2 CLASS A AMPLIFIER BP036
8P038
6
20 5 pin din 180' chassis socket and knobs £40.00 -4- E3.50 pp
FOR CARS BP039 6 Double phono sockets. Paxolin mounted
2 8m lenghts of 3 core 5 amp mains lies
(Featured project in Everyday Electronics, April
BP041 3
Small but powerful, high efficiency amplifier, 10042 2 Large VU meters JAPAN made 1989 issue). Reprint Free with kit
suitable for a number of hidden mounting 8p043 30 4V miniature bulbs wire ended new untested
MULTIBAND RADIO
locations Easy connection through phono and BP1144 2 Sonotone stereo crystal cartridge with 78 and LP
high level input capability. SPECIFICATION 2 x 75 styli JAPAN made VHF 54-176MHz + AM CB BANDS 1-80
watts 4Q. x 150 watt Bridged. THD 0 190, S/N BP045A 2 Mono Cassette Record and play heads Listen to AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL.
1
606 Mains transformers PCB mounting Size AIRCAFT,
RATIO 7 85 dB. RESPONSE 20Hz-30KHz. INPUTS.
2 X PHONO 100mV-3 VOLT 2 X HIGH LEVEL 2 X
BP046A 2
42x33x35
25v DC 150mA mains adaptor in Mace plastic
£17.95 PUBLR IC UTILIRADAR,TIES,

20k0 SIZE 240mm X 50mm X 140mm

BP047A I

case with flying input and output leads new

POSTAGE RADIO AMATEURS AND
£2.85 MANY MANY MORE
£48.50 postage £3.50 units made for famous sound mixer manulac
tiger Size 80x55x47 SQUELCH CONTROL
0C44 transistors Remove Paint from top and it AERIAL
11 BAND COMPONENT GRAPHIC
BP049 III
becomes a photo electric cell (ORP 12) UK _sat'
mad by MUL LARD ROSS PUSH BUTTON RADIO
EQUALIZER FOR CARS 13P050 30 Low signal transistors n p n p n p types Mains and battery operated
81.051 6 14 watt output transistors 3 complimentary pairs High quality VHF/FM,
in 1066 case (Ideal replacement lo( AD161 Medium and Long Wave reception
and 162s) 6 push button selected
BP052A I Tape deck pre -amp IC with record replay preset stations
switching No LM1 81 8 with diagram Fully retractable telescopic
5P053 5 5 watt audio I Cs No TBA800 (ATE!) aerial
This neat unit connects between the line output of BP054 10 Motor speed control ICs as used with most cas- Headphones earphone
your car stereo and your power amplifiers so you sette and record player motors lack socket
are able to adjust the sound as in a studio com- BP055 i Digital DVM meter I C made by PLESSEY as Size 230H x 150W x 650
pensating for soft furnishing and sound reflec- used by THANDAR with diagram Ref RE -5500
tions from glass, also it has a sub -woofer out- BP056 4 7 segment 0 3 LED display (red) Brand new
8P057 x Bridge rectifiers I amp 24V Listed price over f 30 00
put to drive a separate amplifier for that extra 111058 200 Assorted carbon resistors OFFER £15.00
deep bass sound FEATURES 2 channel inputs BP059 Power supply PCB with 30V 4V/A transformer
4 channel outputs via phono sockets. CD input
I

MC781 8CT IC & bridge rectifier Size 4 + (2 80 pp

via 3 5mm jack 11 band graphic. SPECIFICATION
RANGE 20Hz-60KHz THD 0 05°.. S/N RATIO 85c113 10061 5 6 35mm Mono jack plugs VIDEO SENDER
BP063 6 35mm stereo switched lack sockets With this handy unit you can transmit the out
EQ FREQUENCIES 60HZ, 120Hz. 250Hz. 380 Hz, 5
Coax chassis mount sockets
13P064
500 Hz. 750 Hz. 1 KHz. 2KHz. 4KHz. BKHz, 16KHz 10065
I
I 3mtr Euro-mains lead with chassis socket put of your home video, video camera or satel-
(Boost cut of I 12 dB) SIZE 178mm x 25mm x Postage £3 per order lite equipment over -the -air to a receiving televi-
140mm sion within a range of 100f1 Simply connect the
ROADSTAR OF SWITZERLAND. QUALITY 13cm video and audio output of your equipment into
£32.70 postage £1.80. 40 watt CAR SPEAKERS. Fitted with dual this unit and a 10-1 3 8V dc power supply extra
polypropylene cone and foam rubber surround £3.75 size 122 x 70 x 21 mm
Large 70mm magnet for good bass and treble
EMINENCE 40 PROFESSIONAL response Supplied complete with grills, fixing
£11.60 +E2 pp
USA MADE IN CAR CHASSIS screws and cable
OFFER PRICE £11.70 pair VHF RADIO TRANSMITTERS
SPEAKERS 100mW mini bug Built on a neat little fibre glass
All units are fitted with big magnets "Names They weigh nearly 1 5kg Postage f3 15 each
pcb with condenser mic Fully tunable over the
Voice coils NOT ALUMINIUM. "Names" is very 2 pairs for £22 POST PAID UK ONLY FM band 9V DC £5.75 + E0 90 pp
light and can stand extremely high temperatures. UNDER Y. PRICE OFFER 2 Watt transmitter kit, supplied with fibre glass
this mixture makes for high efficiency and long pcb, all components, diagrams, ready for you to
lasting quality of sound. AUSTIN ROVER MINI MAYFAIR. 15 watt POD build 12-24V DC £7.50 + CO 70 pp
V6 6 '/," 200W Max Range 50Hz-3KHz £34.40 SPEAKERS Moulded in a black housing for vertical
V8 8" 300W Max Range 45Hz-3KHz £39.35 25 Watt Transmitter kit Fully tuneable over the
or horizontal use Fitted with a good mains 10cm FM band Kit comprises double sided pcb dia-
V10 10" 400W Max Range 33Hz-4KHz £44 45 speaker
Range 35Hz-3KHz £45.95 grams and all components, including heat sink
V12 12" 400W Max
BOSS 15" 800W Max Range 35Hz-4KHz f79.90 £4.95 pair plus £3 pp or Supply voltage 1 2-18V DC £67 +E1 pp
KING 18" 1200W Max Range 20Hz-1KHz P.O A 2 pairs for £10.50 post paid UK only Transmitters listed OR this page are nor licensable
Postage £3.55 per speaker. in the UK
BSR STEREO RECORD PLAYER DECK
AUDAX JBL 40-100 watt CAR Manual auto operation 3 speed 178 45 33',1. 240V SPECIAL OFFER
opertion unused but store soiled
TWEETERS £10.50 ea P&P £3.75 2 for £18.00 P&P £3.75 DTMF TONE DIALLER
These state of the art advanced technology. high Suitable for remote control . .
performance 10 mm dome tweeters are Ferrofluid RADIO AND TV COMPONENTS ACTON LTD
coded and are active horn -loaded for high disper- of telephone answering
sion of sound with very low distortions Ideal for 323 EDGWARE ROAD LONDON W2 1BN machines, videos. appliances
tuning up your dull sounding in -car system. etc requiring DTMF awieCeri
rail ORDER 'Ests1S POST+, OSII:0415 CKOUES - E8.95 signals over rearm lam oil.
SPECIFICATION IMP4S/ 40 watts at 5KHz. 100 watt
at 10KHz. MAGNET. SIZE 5mm x 30mm, VOICE telephone lines
COIL SIZE 10 5mm EIFFICIENCY 92 8 dB SIZE Neas add 75p p&p wnen ordo,ng
51mm x 51mm x 16 5mm RECOMMENDED 5k. Phone 071 723 8432 or 081 992 8430
1st ORDER CROSSOVER. VALUE 1 50-2 2u1 sup- Please add 2.2% to all our prices due to the
plied E7.50pair plus 90p post. increase of the VAT rate to 17 5°0

Everyday Electronics, January 1992 4

 Constructional Project

MIND
MACHINE
Part 21 PROGRAMMER BOARD
ANDY FUND
Learn to re/ax with this sophisticated
programmable Entrainment unit.
CONSTRUCTORS of last month's Mind a stream of 8 -bit digital words for storage in a The A .D and D/A converters, chosen for
Machine will probably have found RAM. These would then be read back at the their low operating current, are both in-
that the best way to use it is to start at slower rate and restored to the voltage. tended for use with microprocessors and
a fairly high frequency, reduce it gradually, The block diagram of Fig. 1. shows that have connections that must be tied high or
then, when the session is drawing to a close, the system consists of an analogue -to -digital low to achieve the desired operation. Like
slowly bring it back up. The snag with doing (A/D) converter, the RAM, and a digital -to- the RAM they must be told when to perform
this manually is that it requires concentra- analogue (D/A) converter for the output. A their functions, and their inputs must be
tion which, however small, prevents the user "clock" oscillator motivates it, an "address valid before this happens, leading to some
really "letting go" and enjoying the deep generator" tells the RAM where to store the fairly complex timing circuitry.
relaxation the instrument can induce. bits, some switching and timing controls it Finally, the analogue output from the
A fixed frequency could be used, but the all and a counter halts it when the sequence D/A chip is a current, not a voltage, which
brain appears to adapt to steady stimula- is complete. For anyone who hasn't actually should flow into negative supply potential.
tion, reducing the effect. A programmable designed this sort of circuit however, life is To convert this to the original voltage
controller for the Mind Machine is therefore full of exciting surprises! requires an op -amp able to operate below
a highly desirable addition to this project. negative supply, so an extra, lower voltage
PROGRAMMING STORAGE negative supply rail is needed.
The 6264 CMOS RAM was chosen for
When the programming part of the design storage. With a capacity of just over eight CIRCUIT
was first tackled it seemed simple, which just
proves how wrong one can be! The idea at
thousand 8 -bit words and a micropower
standby mode, it seemed ideal. The first
DESCRIPTION
least is uncomplicated. The existing "Fre- The full circuit of the Mind Machine
pitfall was that when "enabled" for data Programmer appears in Fig. 2. Starting with
quency" control is used to program the transfer, it proved quite thirsty.
desired frequency pattern over about thirty It must be given a valid
the "clock", this is constructed from in-
address,
seconds, then this is replayed over fifteen, ternal oscillator gates in IC4, a CMOS
"selected" briefly and written to or read 4060B. Switches Sla and SI b determine the
thirty or forty-five minutes. The circuit has from, then returned to the standby state to
only to store the control sequence and final output frequency by selecting the ap-
conserve power. The current eight bits of
reproduce it at the slower speed. propriate oscillator speed and division ratio.
data must therefore be copied into an This is further divided by four in the
It soon became clear that the best method eight -bit latch before conversion to
would be conversion of the control voltage to analogue.
4024B divider IC6, the final "clock" appear-
ing at pin II of this chip. The frequencies
here are approximately 270Hz for the 30 -
Fig. 1. Block diagram of the programming system for the Mind Machine. second programming sequence; 9.1 Hz for
a fifteen minute session; 4.6Hz for thirty
minutes, and 3Hz for forty-five minutes.
Moving to the address generator, the
RAM address bus has thirteen bits, the first
t DIRECT of these being taken from the next stage of
OUTPUT
IC6 at pin 9. This is also applied to the input
0/A of the twelve -stage divider IC7, a 40408,
tNPuTO ftt PROGRAMMED
DATA US CONVERSION
IDAC01532LCNI
which generates the remaining twelve ad-
dress hits.

WARNING NOTICE
RAM
STORAGE
Photic stimulation at Alpha frequencies can cause
(62641 seizures in persons suffering from Epilepsy. For
READ
Pu SE
this reason such people MUST NOT try this
WRITES GENERATION project.
ADDRESS
BUS
A user who is not a known epileptic, but when
using the "Mind Machine" begins to experience
an odd smell, sound or other unexplained effect,
ALDRE SS
E'+ERATON
should turn it off immediately and seek profes-
sional medical advice.
ST P Because of the above possibility the Mind
END OF SEQUENCE Machine should not be used while on your own.
EE14.31.01
INDICATION
YOU MUST TREAT THIS UNIT WITH DUE
RESPECT

42 Evervday Electronics, January 1992

 +120
!DIRECT

53
OUTPUT
P1' + 50
100k +5V
ILE
PROGRAMMEDI
INPUT C.-/\"-111.--. IC110 re C11 1111
TL 064C
*SS
Ur 2 IC14
RIB IC12 DAC 0832 R21
106 ADC01301. or lour 476
o
DI
CLS 1M
4omo
14
10

80 122
12
lour 2
C21 02
TAFF
50y
995

GN0
I. If 11 12 li

060 RAM +5V OS DI 07 DO DI 02 Oa 0 CET

C

IC13 27
PROO 6264 ri
15m0
Qt\._ MO 13 11 411 Al kJ AS 7 11
301d o 080 I
51 POSITIONS 11 10 7 24 Is
4580

+5V 018 IC9a

100p 40938
C17
C16 EL 52 1011
100n D6
R11
1144146 IC10a
RLSE 89 1206 40938
GND 14 16

RB IC9b
100k C19 40938 C21
470p 100p
IC10b
409313

IC6 , S11107,7I, 10
40248 2

Sib
010 O 1001.

R3
IC4 IC5a
2206 40608 4011 9 ICSc
on a 4011 8 IC8a
1C7 4'828
R4 40408 IC9d
a 11 40938
21k
10
n En. ICBb
40628 HD R16

00
614 END
12 0 k
R15
017 R10 106 INDICATION(981)
R5
10k TR1
22k
41111=1116 8C164
510

oY
GND
ONO

1 AM I

4.
2 Complete circuit diagram for the Mind Machine Programmer section. The power supply voltage regulation circuit is shown in Fig.
 COMPONENTS
PROGRAMMER
Resistors
R, R2. R7, R8, R17 100k (5 off)
R3 220k
R4, R5 22k (2 off)
R6, R10, R15, R18 10k (4 off)
R9, R16 1k (2 off)
R11, R12, R13, R14 120k (4 off)
R19, R20, R21 47k (3 off)
All 0.6W 1% metal film

Capacitors
C1, C4, C7, C9, C15, C16 100n ceramic disc, 50V (6 off)
C2 100p radial elect., 25V
C3 10n miniature polyester layer
C5, C11, C12, C17 10p radial elect. 50V (4 off) These thirteen bits are applied directly to
C6, C8, 100p radial elect., 10V (2 off) the RAM, IC13. The last seven also go to
C10 2p2 radial elect., 50V IC8, a 4082B dual 4 -input AND gate. When
C13
C14
470p polystyrene
1 n polystyrene
SHOP the output of this goes high, after 8128
C18, C21 100p ceramic plate (2 off) TALK
hes
cycles, it stops the clock by taking IC4's (pin
12) "reset" input high. When the output of
C19 470p ceramic plate
IC8 goes high it also turns on transistor TRI
C20 1 n ceramic plate
to indicate the end of the sequence to
C22, C24 100n miniature polyester layer (2 off)
the user. Resistor R16 is connected to the
C23 150p ceramic plate
top of the Brilliance control, VRI of the
"sound light board", so that when TRI is
Semiconductors biased on, it dims the glasses.
D1, D2, D3, D4, D5, D6 1N4148 signal diode (6 off)
BC184 npn silicon transistor Pressing the Reset switch S2 takes the
TR1
LP2951 CN 5V micropower voltage regulator "resets" of 1C4, IC6 and IC7 high, reset-
IC1
ICL7660 negative voltage converter ting the whole counter. When the circuit is
IC2
4093B, CMOS quad Schmitt NAND gate (3 off) switched on, capacitor C17 resets it as
IC3.1C9, IC10
though switch S2 had been operated.
IC4 4060B CMOS 14 -stage counter,
with internal oscillator The output from switch Slc is normally
4011 B CMOS quad NAND gate pulled low by resistor R6 except when
IC5
set to "Program", which connects it to
IC6 40248 CMOS 7 -stage counter
4040B CMOS 12 -stage counter + 5 volts. This enables the circuit to read
IC7
4082B CMOS dual 4 -input AND gate a sequence into the RAM and activate
IC8
TL064C low power quad op -amp the circuit around IC5, which generates
IC11
ADC0804LCN 8 -bit A/D converter one -second "bleeps" during programming.
IC12
6264 64K CMOS static RAM There are exactly thirty-one bleeps, counting
IC13
DAC0832LCN 8 -bit double buffered D/A converter them helps the user to time the program
IC14
pattern as it is entered.
Miscellaneous
S1 3 -pole 4 -way rotary switch PULSE CONTROL
S2 Miniature push -to -make, release -to -break, The timers and gating built with IC9
pushbutton switch and ICIO determine whether data is "writ-
S3 Miniature s.p.d.t. toggle switch ten" or "read" to IC 13, by providing the
WD1 PBN2720 piezoelectric transducer element, with leads appropriate sequence of control pulses to
Printed circuit board, available from EE PCB Service, code EE780; 8 -pin socket (2 IC12, IC13 and IC14. The address incre-
off); 14 -pin socket (7 off); 16 -pin d i socket (2 off); 20 -pin d.i.l. socket (2 off); ments each time IC6 pin I I goes low, whilst
28 -pin di I. socket, AAA alkaline cells (3 off); ribbon cable, connecting wire; solder etc. control pulses are produced as it goes high,
so there is always a valid address when
control pulses appear.
CHARGER Each time the clock goes high, the RAM is
Resistors activated by a 100µS pulse from IC9c to it's
R1 12 "chip enable" input, pin 20. If switch Slc is
R2 10k in the "Program" position, a 10µS pulse
Both 0 6W 1% metal film from IC9a causes A/D converter IC12 to
start a conversion. At the same time IC12's
Capacitors outputs are enabled by a 100µS pulse from
Cl 470p radial elect , 25V IC10c, so the data resulting from the conver-
sion appears at them.
Semiconductors Note that IC9a and ICI Oc are both
D1 D2. D3 1N4007 1A 1000V rect diode (3 off) enabled by the positive signal from switch
TR1 BC214L pnp silicon transistor Slc. In "replay" positions this signal is

TR2 BFX30 pnp silicon transistor "low" so input conversion does not take
place and IC I2's outputs are effectively open
circuit.
Miscellaneous The analogue input at resistor RI7 is buff-
T1 Mains transformer, 240V primary;
15V -0V -15V 100mA secondary ered by ICI la before going to IC12. Manual
Stripboard 0.1 in. matrix, size 10 strips x 20 holes, miniature 240V mains chassis mount-
or "Direct" operation is possible through
switch S3, which transfers this buffered in-
ing plug and "free" socket; plastic bracket for mounting stripboard; mains rated wire;
put directly to the output, bypassing the
connecting wire etc.
digital process.
A delay of about 45µS is produced by
IC9b, following which IC10b, also enabled
Approx cost
guidance only C44,50 by switch Slc, sends a lOpS pulse to the
"write enable" (pin 27) of RAM IC13. This

Everyday Electronics, January 1992

causes it to read the data from 1C12 into the
current address.
WRITE SEQUENCE READ SEQUENCE
A similar pulse from IC 10a is sent to the
WTT pin (2) of the D/A converter IC14, CLOCK

causing it to copy data at it's input to

internal latches, where it is converted to a
_J INITIATES SEQUENCE
ON POSITIVE EDGE CArCY:CRITE SEQUENCE

current at "lout", pin II. IC9d inverts the AID CS. 1C12 PIN 3 RAM
signal from S lc and so inhibits ICIOd, TRIGGERS A CONVERSION ASNYRITESEQUENCE
preventing an "output enable" signal going
to the RAM.
The D/A converter IC14 contains an in-
r7
100p.

10001
AID 051. IC12 PIN 2
CAUSES OUTPUT OF
RESULT OF A/C CONVERSION
RAM YU 1C13 PIN 22
CAUSES RAM TO OUTPUT DATA
FROM CURRENT ADDRESS It BUS

ternal chain of switchable resistors, fed from RAM Ci7.1C13 PIN 20 D/A WIS
a reference voltage, with a feedback resistor r -ENABLES. RAM,
READY FOR USE
AS SEQUENCE. BUT
DATA IS NOW FROM RAM
for use in an inverting op -amp circuit. The RAM v7E.IC13 PIN 27
CAUSES RAM TO READ ANC
10ms
designer has to supply the op -amp, in this STORE DATA ON BUS

case ICI Ic, and the output of this is inverted DA W151, 1C14 PIN 2 Fig. 3. Timing diagrams for
and restored to the original value by ICI Id. ...I0p CAUSES 0/A TO READ
DATA ON BUS INTO
INTERNAL LATCHES.
the write and read sequences.
The reference for the resistor chain is 2.5V FROM WHERE IT IS All control inputs are'active low"
in this design. Conveniently, this appears at CONVERTEDTO OUTPUT

pin 9 of IC12, derived from the 5volt sup- NOTE 24RLET MAECSTE fie NL TOZIL INPUTS

ply rail. Not so conveniently, the input to

IC14 has a low impedance, so it is buffered
high but goes low if the output falls by five Finally, as ICI Ic's output must be able to
by ICI lb.
per cent. It needs a pull-up resistor, in this swing below negative rail, an auxiliary - 5V
During "replay", the signal from Slc is case R I. supply for ICI I is generated by the
low, disabling IC9a and IC I Oc, so IC12 does
When the circuit is switched on and this converter IC2.
nothing. ICIOd is now enabled, however. As
output indicates a healthy supply, resistor
the clock goes positive and the RAM is ac-
tivated, ICIOd tells it to output data from
R2 and capacitor CIO introduce a brief CONSTRUCTION
the current address.
delay before the RAM can be activated. The Programmer and Supply Regulator
When it is switched off', the RAM is disabled circuits are both built up on the same
As before, a delayed 10µS pulse from immediately.
ICI0a initiates copying of data to the in- printed circuit board (p.c.b.). This board is
This arrangement prevents it being available from the EE PCB Service, code
ternal latches of IC14 for analogue conver-
enabled and connected to other parts of the EE780.
sion. When the RAM enabling pulses end
circuit whilst they are in "non -valid" states. The printed circuit board component lay-
and it's outputs go open -circuit, the data
remains in IC14's latches and the analogue
output remains valid. The timing for all this
is shown in the diagram of Fig. 3.

VOLTAGE
Voltage regulation for the circuit, shown
in Fig. 4, is on the same board. Raw battery
+ 12V is decoupled by capacitors CI and
C2, and supplied to IC11 and IC14. ICI
provides regulated + 5V through diode DI
for everything else except the RAM, which is
powered through diode D2.
Placing diode DI between the output pin
I and sense pin 2 of ICI causes automatic
compensation for the drop across this diode
and D2. When the power is off, the +4.5V
backup battery supplies the RAM through The mains trans-
diode D3 to retain the program, with diode former and charger
D2 isolating it from the rest of the circuit. board mounted
The error output, at ICI pin 5, is normally on the chassis plate. The "common
earth" point can be seen on the right

+12V CIRCUIT
0 0 +12V
SIN
SUN .t CIRCUIT
+51i
IC1 RI
LP2951C., 8 ; 4:4'2414 10011
F/1
'Or RAM IIC131
+5V
IC 3a IC 3b IC3c IC3d
4093B 4093B 4093B
SUPPLY
BATTERY 51111
0110
Elio
1N44
C1)361" it
11
D 10
It 40938

"13. RAM -CE2.

(PIN 26 TC31
MEN OPT
BAT ERY R2

T BACK- UP
4V 5
100k

CI
100n
c2
100p
C4 =I C5 dr CIO

O T'" ''T T'° CIRCUIT

cei .L '00n
1000
C9
C12
GROUND

T IC 2
ICL 660
T'" 0 CIRCUIT
_s

Fig. 4. Supply voltage regulation circuit diagram.

I EE I. lEG )
C11
100

Everyday Electronics, January 1992 45

 RI

03

0
C6

52

4817

521
C24

Fig. 5 Printed circuit board component layout and full size copper foil master pattern.
supply current should now be about 140µA, following removal of the 10k resistor from
out and full-size copper foil master pattern is
and the regulated + 5V should be present it's socket.
shown in Fig. 5. Construction of the board At the connections for SI b, points E and F
should follow the usual procedure of fitting across decoupling capacitors C8 and C6.
Next, the - 5V converter IC2 can be should now be linked to select a Thirty -
components in height order, the lowest first Second run time. On power -up, an auto-
for greatest ease. fitted, and when powered the presence of
-5V across capacitor C12 checked. The matic "reset" should be effected by capacitor
To reduce cost a single -sided p.c.b. is used,
drain current should now be around 200µA. C17, so the circuit should bleep thirty-one
a drawback to this being that thirteen links times and then stop.
are necessary. Additionally the six points If this is OK, the regulation is operational
and testing of the rest of the circuit can Momentarily shorting S2 connection
marked in pairs as WE C and CET must points / and J should cause the sequence to
be linked together with insulated wire. The proceed.
repeat. If so, the clock and address generator
route of these three wires can be seen from
the photographs. CLOCK
Starting with the clock IC4, this won't run
sections are working correctly.
The small ceramic capacitors tend to crack
easily so their leads should be handled with unless it's "reset" line is low so a 10k resistor
should be inserted across pin I and pin 7
PULSE
care. Sockets should be used for all the
i.c.s, none of which should be inserted
of IC8's socket to do this. Then IC4 can be GENERATORS
Control pulse generators IC9 and ICIO can
until testing is commenced. A 27mm piezo fitted and the circuit powered. There is no
transducer, WD1, is glued to the p.c.b. with need to make connections to any of switch now be fitted. With the circuit bleeping, check
SI points yet. If the oscillator is running, pin the apparent voltage at IC12 socket pin 2 and
a spot of Araldite adhesive and connected pin 3, IC13 socket pins 20, 22 and 27, and
by two short leads. 3 of IC4 will be clocking at about 1Hz, easily
Note that transistor TR1 is a BC184, not a checked with a meter. 1C14 socket pin 2. All of these should show
BC184"L" as used in the Light/Sound board Following this the bleep generator IC5 can + 5V. if an oscilloscope is available it may
be fitted. Switch Slc connection points "C' be pgssible to see negative pulses on all but
(last month). Same transistor, different lead
arrangement. If only a BC184L is available, and "D" on the p.c.b. (see Fig. 6.) should IC13 pin 22, although these are very short
the leads can be bent to allow it's use. be linked together to put the circuit into and may be difficult to resolve.
Program mode, which will produce bleep- If the link across S lc points C and D
TESTING ing from the transducer at about 1Hz when is now removed, the circuit will still run
power is applied. The supply drain ought for about thirty seconds, but will not bleep
Testing is commenced by powering up
without any i.c.s fitted. After a brief surge as now to be around ImA. as it is effectively executing a thirty-second
Switch Slb connection points E and G can "replay" sequence. A check should be made
the electrolytics charge, there should be no
now be linked, effectively selecting the 30 - whilst it is running that the above points are
further supply drain. The supply should be
Minute position. The circuit will continue to still positive. A 'scope may be used to look
switched off and the electrolytics should be
bleep, because C and D are still connected. for negative pulses on all except IC12 pins 2
discharged with a resistor across the supply
connections, a one kilohm (1k) will do If divider iC6 is now fitted, pin 6 should and 3, and IC13 pin 27.
clock at about I Hz, in time with the bleeps. The RAM power -up controller IC3
nicely. should be inserted and pin 26 of 1C13's
The +V regulator ICI should now be This proves correct operation so far, so ad-
dress generator IC7 can be fitted. Pin 9 of socket monitored whilst turning on the I2V
fitted and the circuit powered again. Note supply. There should be a small but visible
that most of the i.c.s on this board are this should clock at about I Hz, and pin 7 at
about 0.5Hz. If so, this too is working, so delay before this point goes high when the
CMOS types, so appropriate precautions
against static damage should be taken. The the "end of run" detector iC8 can be fitted, circuit is switched on.

Everyday Electronics, January 1992

46
A/0 -0/A
CONVERTERS
With power supplies, clock, address gener-
ator and control pulses all running, at last
the interesting part has been reached! The
A/D converter IC12 can be inserted. Pin 19
is an interne "clock" output and should
have an ave. .ge d.c. level of about 2.5V. It
may be checked with a 'scope, it runs at
about 350kHz.
Reference output pin 9 should be at 2.5V
d.c. The supply current should by now be
2.5mA to 3.0mA.
Next, ICII, the TL064 quad op. amp,
should be fitted. The circuit input, point Q,
should be connected to "ground" (negative
rail). This ought to result in OV at ICI 1 pin
14, the input buffer. Pin one should be at
2.5V, and the total supply current should be
about 4.1mA.
The D/A converter IC14 can be inserted
next, and S lc points C and D shorted again
to put the circuit into Program mode. Whilst
the circuit is running (and bleeping), the out-
put, from point R, should equal the input,
since data conversion and transfer between
the A/D and D/A chips should be taking
place. The programmer board "stalked" above the Lights/Sound p.c.b.
If a ten kilohm linear potentiometer is
connected across the 5V supply (across This should result in a replay of the on the four screws projecting from the chas-
capacitor C8) and the wiper (centre tag) voltage pattern just entered, this time ob- sis plate. It faces the opposite way to the
taken to the input, a meter will show the tained from the RAM. It will run for only Sound/Lights board, all the i.c.s pointing
output tracking the input during the pro- thirty seconds of course, since for testing this away from the front panel.
gramming period. When the sequence ends, period is still selected at SI b's connections. The board is longer than the first board,
the output should remain at it's final value. This completes the board checks, so it can one end projecting beyond the mounting.
now be fitted to the Mind Machine project The back-up battery "pack" fits beneath this

RAM CHECK for fully automated operation. The total

supply current taken by this board when
projection.
Connection into the Mind Machine
Finally, the RAM chip IC13 can be fitted. project is straightforward. The trickiest part
A programming sequence should be ex- running should be about 5.OmA.
is the bunch of wires connecting switch SI,
ecuted with a varying voltage applied to the
input, then the short across Slc connections ASSEMBLY
The Programmer board fits above the ex-
but with some ribbon cable to keep things
neat this shouldn't cause any real difficulties.
removed, and the sequence triggered again All connections are shown in Fig. 6.
by linking S2's connections briefly.
isting Mind Machine Lights/Sound board,
The lead from the wiper of Frequency
control VR4 is disconnected from the
original p.c.b. and taken instead to the
o
input, point Q, of the Programmer board. A

\
RROG/DIRECT SWITCH 12 ,4 s.p.d.t. S3 switch selects Programmed (point
53 -,,,,, AC 0
10 R) or Direct (point N) output from the
S1 2
9....
o programmer and feeds it to the original
j
SOUND AND LIOHT..._..... B
BOARD INPUT
BRILLIANCE)
board's input. S2 is a miniature press -to -
6
make switch for program restarting.
vR I The + I 2V supply is taken from the
existing on -off switch to point S on the
board, whilst negative, point T, is connected
oo All to the common "Earth" on the chassis. The
4.0
backup battery consists of three alkaline
AAA cells, taped and soldered together to
make a 4.5V pack and fastened to the
chassis with cable ties. This semipermanent
-IV R installation is fine since they should last
virtually for their shelf life, a couple of years

el
N. 3 LINKS
0 at least.
TO WIPER OF 4,e0
t The "end of run" output, point M, is sol-
FREQUENCY
CONTROL
dered to the existing lead on the top end
(VR4) of Brilliance control VR1. When transistor
TR I turns on it reduces the voltage across
K

PL)Sri ei,7TC...."---71H this potentiometer to about a tenth of it's

TO BACK UP ...----....... normal value, causing marked dimming of
BATTERY E the lights.
NEDAT I VE /GROUND
+12 VOLTS FROM
POWER SWITCH
COMMON POINT ,-,42
IOW
ge
RELAX
In normal use, switch SI is set to Program,
TO 'GROUND COMMON
BATTERY HOLDER S3 to Programmed, and the Reset button S2
POINT ON CHASSIS
OM pressed. Programming begins as soon as it is
4\
V.IP METAL CHASSIS PLATE
V. released, and the desired pattern is entered
with the frequency control, the bleeps being
counted so that the point in the program is
known. The author normally starts at about
(trUti I I4Hz, falling to 7Hz to 8Hz over the first
two or three bleeps, holding this briefly, then
dropping slowly to 4Hz, then back up to
Fig. 6. Interwiring from the circuit board to off -board components.
47
Everyday Electronics, January' /992
 about 7Hz, with some brief (one -bleep) excursions to 12Hz, then
over the last two or three bleeps returning smoothly to 14Hz-
I6Hz.
Following program entry, SI is set to 15, 30 or 45 minutes and
S2 pressed to repeat the sequence over this period. It is possible to
relax far more deeply with the automatic control sequence, in fact
it is all too easy to fall asleep as delta frequencies are approached!
This doesn't seem to detract from the beneficial effects, though.
Once a satisfactory program pattern has been found, it can be
used repeatedly. There is no need to reprogram as it will be
Rear view (above) of components mounted on the front panel retained in the RAM when the machine is switched off. On
and (below) front panel lettering on the completed unit. power -up a "reset" is performed automatically, so it is only
necessary to don glasses and phones and switch on to enjoy a
session.
Switch S3 permits manual frequency control, though if the se-
quence has ended the lights will be dimmed. This is easily over-
come by pressing Reset.

BUILT -111 CHARGER

The project can be powered by ordinary batteries. However, to
save case dismantling for battery changes, the prototype is fitted
with Ni-Cads and a built-in charger.
This is a simple transformer, rectifier and constant -current ar-
rangement connected permanent/v to the battery pack. A mini-
ature three -pin chassis plug mounted on the case rear panel ac-
cepts mains input to the charger.
The charger circuit diagram is shown in Fig. 7. The mains
transformer TI has a 15V -0V -15V secondary winding, with the
output rectified by diodes DI and D2 and smoothed by capacitor
CI. Transistors TR1 and TR2 form a simple constant -current
circuit, the output from this going to the battery pack through
diode D3 to prevent any "back -feeding" when it is not operating.
This little circuit was assembled on a scrap of 0.Iin. stripboard.
The breaks in the underside copper strips and the topside com-
ponent layout appear in Fig. 8.
Transistor TR2 may warm up a little in use so a clip -on heat -
sink should be fitted. Testing is simple, just check that a voltage
appears across capacitor CI when the transformer is powered
and that the output into the batteries is around 50mA-60mA.
There is just room inside the case for the transformer and board
behind the p.c.b.s, alongside the battery pack, as can be seen in
the photographs. The board is mounted vertically on a bracket
cut from a piece of plastic.
The mains Earth is connected to the chassis plate, and all
connections to the rear of the plug are sleeved for safety. The
wiring for this part of the project is shown in Fig. 9. The Mind
Machine can be used whilst on charge, although the batteries
General layout of components inside the Mind Machine must be connec ed.

Fig. 7 (left). Circuit diagram for the in-

T1 TR2 ternal charger
R1
15-0-15v 1N41007 12 BF% 30
10OrnA TO BATTERY
POSITIVE
Fig.8 (below). Charger stripboard
component layout and details of un-
derside breaks in copper strips.
21.0V

Fig. 9 (below left). Interwiring of the

charger components.

TO GROUND

(1114424 I

REAR OF MAINS
CHASSIS SOCKET
rrrirrrn
CONSTANT CURRENT
TRANSFORMER BOARD
10

TO BATTERY POSITIVE
1.12C1D
. . . 0 0 0 0.
0 C 0 0 0 LBEZ.Mi
O
0 0
TO CHASSIS COMMON POINT
00 00 0 0 000 000 0 0 0
00 00 00 000004100 0 0 0
PLASTIC 0 000 000 0 0 0 0 00 0 0
BRACKET
000 0 O 0 000 0 0 00 0
3 1.01DXIDIF
TO CHASSIS
COMMON POINT (E1341. 0
0

48 Everyday Electronics, January 1992

 HART AUDIO KITS -YOUR VALUE FOR
MONEY ROUTE TO ULTIMATE HI-FI
HART AUDIO KITS give you the opportund, tc sudd the LINSLEY HOOD SHUNT FEEDBACK R.I.A A HIGH QUALITY REPLACEMENT
very best engineered hifi equipment there designed by MOVING COIL & MOVING MAGNET PICKUP CASSETTE HEADS
the leaders in their field, using the best components that PREAMPLIFIER
are available
Every HART KIT is not lust a new equipment acquisition
but a valuable investment in knowledge. giving you guided
hands-on experience of modern electronic techniques
In short HART is your friend in the trade giving you, as a
knowledgeable constructor, access to better equipment at
lower prices than the man in the Street Do you tapes lack treble', A worn head could be the
You can buy the reprints and construction manual for any problem For top performance cassette recorder heads
kit to see how easy it is to build your own equipment the should be replaced every 1,500 hours Fitting one of our
HART way The FULL cost can be credited against your high quality replacement heads could restore performance
subsequent kit purchase Modern, ultimate sound systems are evolving towards a to better than new' Standard inductances and mountings
Our fist will give you fuller details of all our Audio Kits. built-in RIAA preamplifier within the turntable unit, keep- make fitting easy on nearly all machines (Sony are special.
components and special offers ing noise pickup to a minimum This new circuit by John see below) and our TC1 Test Cassette helps you set the
AUDIO DESIGN so WATT POWER AMPLIFIER. Linsley Hood uses latest generation integrated circuits in azimuth spot on As we are the actual importers you get
the sonically preferred shunt feedback configuration to give prime parts at lower prices compare our prices with other
an accurate and musical sound. with the ability to use both suppliers and see' All our heads are suitable for use with
moving magnet and moving coil cartridges Power comes any Dolby system and are normally available ex stock We
from two 9v PP3 size batteries or a mains power supply also stock wide range of special heads for home
This HART kit is exceptionally easy to build with detailed construction and industrial users
instructions and all the specially selected components fit- HM120 Standard Mono R/P Head C3 51
ting directly on to the roller tinned fibreglass printed circuit HC15 Standard Quality Stereo RIP Head C2 49
This fantastic John Linsley Hood designed amplifier is the board Even the gold plated phono sockets mount directly HC66 High Quality Stereo RIP Head Permalloy C7 98
flagship of our range. and the ideal powerhouse for your On the board HS16 Sendust Alloy Stereo Head C16 85
ultimate hifi system This kit is your way to get LK perfor- This Kit now comes with latest generation low -noise front HC80 NEW RANGE High Beta Permalloy Stereo head
mance for a few tenths of the cost, Featured on the front end IC and onboard power stabilisers for any DC input volt- Modern space saver design for easy fitting and lower
cover of Electronics Today International this complete age between 9v and 30v cost Suitable for chrome metal and ferric tapes.
stereo power amplifier offers World Class performance K 1500 Special Discount Price for complete Kit 167 99 truly a universal replacement head for everything
allied to the famous HART quality and ease of construc- from hi-li decks to car players and at an incredible
tion John Linsley Hood's comments on seeing a complete ALPS PRECISION LOW -NOISE STEREO POTS. price too. £6.30
flit were enthusiastic - The external view is that of a H0551 4 -Track RECORD &Play Permalloy Head for
..ioroughly professional piece of audio gear. neat elegant auto -reverse car players or quadraphonic recording £14.90
and functional This impression is greatly reinforced by H524 Standard Erase Heed £1.90
the internal appearance. which is redolent of quality, both H581 Hi Field Erase Head for METAL Tapas £3.49
in components and in layout Options include a stereo HRP373 Downstream Monitor Stereo
LED power meter and versatile passive front end giving Combination Head £47.90
switched inputs using ALPS precision. low -noise volume
and balance controls A new relay switched front end op-
tion also gives a tape input and output facility so that for use Many other SPECIAL cassette Heads in
with tuners. tape and CD players, or indeed any other 'flat To fulfil the need for higher quality controls we are now
inputs the power amplifier may be used on its own, without importing an exciting new range of precision audio pots in stock, see our LIST.
the need for any external signal handling stages 'Slave' values to cover most quality amplifier applications All
and monobloc versions without the passive input stage in 2 -gang stereo format, with 20mm long 6mm dia steel
and power meter are also available All versions fit within shafts Now you can throw out those noisy ill -matched REEL TO REEL HEADS
our standard 420 x 260 x 75mm case to match our 400 carbon pots and replace with the real hi-fi components 999R 214 Record/Play 110mH Suits Stuart Tape
Series Tuner range ALL six power supply rails are fully Only used selectively in the very top flight of World class Circuits E13.64
stabilised. and the complete power supply using a toroidal amplifiers. The improvement in track accuracy and match- 9986 214 Erase Heed Universal Mount.
transformer, is contained within a heavy gauge aluminium ing really is incredible giving better tonal balance between Suits Stuart £11.11
chassis/heatsink fined with IEC mains input and output channels and rock solid image stability Motorised versions
sockets All the circuitry is on professions grade printed have 5v DC Drive motor. TAPE RECORDER CARE PRODUCT*
circuit boards with roller tinned finish and green solder 2 -Gang 100K Lin CI3 86 HART TC1 TEST CASSETTE Our famous triple
resist on the component ident side. the power amplifiers 2 -Gang 10K. wit 100K Log C9 60 purpose test cassette Sets tape azimuth. VU
feature an advanced double sided layout for maximum 2 -Gang 10K Spacial Balance C10 71 level and tape speed 05.36
performance All wiring in this kit is pre- terminated. ready 2 -Gang 20K Log MOTORISED C19 20 DEMI Mains Powered Taps Head Demagnetizer,
for instant use. 2 -Gang 10K Special Balance. MOTORISED, zero prevents noise on playback due to residual
RLH11 Reprints of latest articles Cl 80 crosstalk and < 10% centre loss with near head magnetisation £4 48
K1100CM HART Construction Manual DI 50 Log/Antilog Tracks)... .. C1998 DEMI 15 Electronic, Cassette Type. demegnenzer C8 91

requirements, at NO extra cost, Simply select the options you

COMPUTER CORNER HART 40111111AT-316/1611X EL
require If replacing any item in the standard specification for
The following an selection of our new range of VERY compell- that model then deduct Miscast of the part not needed.
tlytoly priced. HIgh Duality computer systems. Din to our long SOFTWARE
xparianc of Importing we have thst necessary contacts in Si.. MS-DOS 5 Latest Release. Full version. 3.5" or 5.25' C59
Far East to buy at very advantageous prices and can pass Si. DR DOS 6 C77
sayings on to you. All hard disc machines ordered with DOS Sr. Microsoft Windows 3 3 5" or 5.25- Disks £65
fully formatted and ready to use. MONITORS
HART MODEL AT-211/16WP COMPUTER
Fully fledged AT286 machine SM1421 AM TU Hercules Mono with FST Tube and Stand.
cheap enough to use as the Amber DO
fastest wordprocessor in the SM1421 PW TU As Above but Paper White Screen 06
west, Only a few years ago SM1416A VGA Mono Moniezr chi UR and swivel stand.
the AT -286 machine was the Amber .1311.70
fastest standard office com- SM1416W As Above. Paper while no
puter known Now we can offer SM 1465-00 Super VGA Mulbsync Colour Monitor. 26" Oat
the superfast 16MHz version Entry level 386 machine for demanding applications at pitch. 50MHz Bandwidth. up to 1024 x 768. thy stand E236
teenier ones were only 10 or moderate cost Spec as our AT286/16WP with 1MB Dram KEYBOARD.
12MHz) at such an incredibly memory, Mini Tower case 45MB 25ms hard disk drive. VGA K261 102 Key Enhanced UK Layout. Tactile click AT/XT
low price that it can be used Colour Graphics Card with 256K RAM Switchable with dual slope feet (Standard Keyboard supplied
in any office or home Not 40M8 AT-386/16SX EL is ONLY C634 30 (Ex Vat) with systems) C31
only that but ours comes with HART 521N1 AT -316/206X UG K 108 Similar to above, single slope MIA Alps SVASChea- E38
ultrafast memory so that K86153A As above but with heavy mail base C44
the machine can run in w_
VO and GRAPHIC CAROB
zero wait state AT Super I/O Card 2 a MD. NIDE. 2 Aerial. 1 Parallel. 1 Game
Advanced features are - Ports C21 2(,
Full 1MB of memory (Ex- Hercules Mono Grapthe II Printer card C11 'I
pandable to 4ME11, 102 16 -Bit VGA Card. 2350. C46 5C
key UK keyboard, compact desktop case. 1 2MB 5'. High Trident 8900 VGA Card. 5121( C67 34

Density Disk Drive and interface card for extra drive. Trident 8900 VGA Card will 1Mb CM 9C
Graphics/Printer Card, built in Hard Disk Interface MK MMUS
HART AT -286/ 16WP 5.25. 1 2Mb Floppy Diak Drive
ONLY £277.25
14" FST Hercules monitor, Amber 133 3.S- 1 44Mb Floppy Disk Drive. C41

14' Paper White Hercules Monitor. (Both have T/S Adapter to fit 3.5'l drive In Ur WM. c./w power adarnar £`"
Base) C86
45MB 25ms Hard Disk Drive C165
Trust Writer W/P Software U1141111Nfordster commands C19 50 Luxury version of the above with higher processor speed and 52MB Quantum Hard Disk. Lightning Fan erns ACCess
NOG AT,O111/111U13 Hard Dint Computer amazing 9 millisecond access time hard disk 2MB SIMM time E28,
Specification as above but with 45MB 25ms hard disk. VGA RAM. Compact Tower Case, VGA 1024 s 768 card with 512K CAMS
Colour Graphics Card with 512K RAM. parallel printer port. 2 RAM. upgradeable to 1MB of Video memory WE 611P Desktop Cage. Pip Top. 203W Pal £56.40
serial ports. 1 game port 1.523 50
40MB AT-386/20SX UG ONLY C853 10 WE727P Mini TOMS, Caw 200W MU DM. 70
14' VGA Mono Monitor. Amber £86.70 Paper While UN OPTIONAL EXTRAS 108MP Mini Tower Can. COMpact Style C89
HART Computers can be 'custom made' to ht your personal CT107 Midi Tower Gee C10e,
111071111111BOARINI
Send or 'phone for your copy of our List (50p) of Mese and many other Kits & Components Enquiries from Overseas AT -286/160K RAM
customers are equally welcome, but PLEASE send 2IRCs if you want a list sent surface post or 5 for Airmail AT-386-16SX OK RAM C195
Ordering is easy Just write. telephone on tax your requirements to sample the friendly and en tc ent HART AT-386-20SX OK. RAM 0245
service Payment by cheque. cash or credit card. A telephoned or faxed order with your credit card number will
get your order on its way to you THAT DAY PLEASE NOTE THAT ALL fTEMS IN THIS
Please add part cost of carriage and insurance as follows -INLAND Orders up to U0 - [1.50
Orders over C20 - C3.50 Express Courtier, next working day. C10 (For safety all computer parts SECTION ARE PRICED EX VAT.
are eel sent b tour V RSEA Plea I Informal n with r
24 hr SALES LINE AUDIO KIT PRICES are VAT
MANUFACTURERS OF QUALITY
(0691) 652894 INCLUSIVE. COMPUTER
AUDIO KITS AND COMPUTERS Fax: 0691 662864 PRICES EXCLUDE VAT

Everyday Elecironies, January 1992 49

 INTER C
Robert Penfold
I N LAST month's Interface article a hon. Simply amplifying the output from put a dummy value to in/out address 768
simple eight bit Analogue to Digital the LM35 by a factor of two boosts in order to initiate a reading. After a delay
Converter was described, together with a the output voltage to 20 millivolts per of at least nine microseconds, the con-
simple temperature sensor. This month we degree, and gives 0.5 degree resolution. verter is read at input/output address 768.
continue on the same theme, with an With a maximum temperature of 100 or Simply divide the returned values by two
improved temperature sensor circuit. This 110 degrees Centigrade, this gives a max- in order to convert them into readings in
provides greater resolution and a wider imum output potential of 2.0 or 2.2 volts, degrees Centigrade.
temperature range. which is still within the 2.56 volt maxi- I have assumed here that the converter
mum of the converter. is at the base address of the thirty two
SIGNAL PROCESSING address "prototype card" block. If the unit
The main problem with the basic design CIRCUIT is placed elsewhere in the input/output
described last month is that it provides a Component IC2 is a simple non -invert- map, then obviously the appropriate ad-
resolution of only one degree Centigrade. ing amplifier which is d.c. coupled and has dress must be used instead of address 768.
Over a temperature range of 0 to 100 or a voltage gain of two times. Its gain must The accompanying Listing.1 is for a
110 degrees, it is actually possible to ob- be set very precisely at this figure in order program that takes readings at one second
tain a much more useful resolution of 0.5 to obtain accurate results. The gain has intervals. It displays the current tempera-
degrees using an 8 -bit converter. therefore been made adjustable, and VR2 ture on the screen, together with maxi-
A second problem with the original is used to trim it to precisely the correct mum and minimum readings.
design is that it lacks accuracy at low figure. This program is useful for testing and
temperatures. This is partially due to Potentiometer VR1 is an offset null calibration purposes, as well as for use
limitations of the temperature sensor, and control. Conventionally an offset null when utilizing the system for temperature
partially due to problems in removing the control is used to compensate for offset monitoring. It is suitable for the Quick
slight zero offset of the converter. voltages in the operational amplifier's BASIC compiler, or the QBASIC inter-
The circuit diagram for the Improved biasing. It will do so in this case, but it can preter supplied with MS/DOS 5.0. It
Temperature Sensor is shown in Fig. 1. also be used to compensate for any slight might work with other PC BASICs, but if
Like the original circuit, this is based on offsets in the analogue to digital con- not it should certainly be quite easy to
the LM35DZ temperature sensor (ICI), verter, or in the temperature sensor. convert it to work with other PC BASICs.
which is usable over a 0 to 100 degree Note that the output of this circuit must
Centigrade temperature range. If the more connect directly to the analogue input ter- CALIBRATION
expensive LM35CZ is used, the upper end minal of the ZN448E in the converter cir- The original temperature interface cir-
of the range is extended to 110 degrees cuit. The input attenuator and zero adjust- cuit does not require any calibration, but
Centigrade. ment circuits of the converter should be it does not exactly offer the ultimate in
The LM35 provides an output volt- omitted. accuracy. This version can provide much
age that is equal to 10 millivolts per better accuracy, but only if it is calibrated
degree Centigrade, with no d.c. offset. SOFTWARE accurately.
This matches the 10 millivolt resolution Taking readings from the interface is Calibration requires two accurate tem-
of the Analogue to Digital Converter (last achieved in much the same way as for the peratures, and one of these can be iced
month), giving the one degree resolu- original temperature interface. First out - water at 0 degrees Centigrade. The other

+5V
SCREEN 0
WIDTH 40, 25
101 = LM35DZ CLS 2
V+ 102 = CA3140E Listing One:
Tmax = 0
Out 3
Tmin = 127 Temperature
ft "fif.£1,"
IC 1
=
Reading
Out0
LOCATE 8, 6
PRINT "Temp."
Gnd 2 54 R2 LOCATE 8, 18
4k 7 PRINT "Max"
VR1 LOCATE 8, 31
10k PRINT "Min"
VR2 LOCATE 15, 1
C1
101 PRINT "Press SPACE BAR to exit"
WHILE INKEYS <> " "
R1 R3 OUT 768, 0
S1O0k 10' SLEEP 1
Tnow = INP(768) / 2
o OV IF Tnow > Tmax THEN Tmax = Tnow
IF Tnow < Tmin THEN Tmin = Tnow
IC2 LOCATE 10, 5
T 100n PRINT USING ft; Tnow
o 5V LOCATE 10, 17
PRINT USING fl; Tmax
LOCATE 10, 30
Fig 1. Circuit diagram for the Improved Temperature Sen- PRINT USING ft; Tmin
sor Interface. WEND

50 Everyday Electronics, January 1992

temperature must be much higher, and have to divide readings by two, and computer based on this motherboard, but
this could be water at about 50 degrees then deduct ten to compensate for the why did some cards refuse to work with it
Centigrade or so. A good quality ther- deliberate offset. This would give a usable while others were fine?
mometer should be used to accurately temperature range of - 10 to - 110 More recently I have had problems
monitor the precise temperature of the degrees Centigrade. with non -Intel maths co -processors which
water. Some initial experiments would suggest worked in some computers but not in
The calibration process is very that a 10 degree offset can be handled others, and a monitor which worked with
straightforward. Start with both VR1 and with no significant degradation in ac- some VGA cards in all modes, but refused
VR2 set at roughly the centres of their curacy. This might not be the case with to respond to others when used in the
adjustment ranges. Place ICI in the iced the full 40 degree offset needed to read 800 x 600 super VGA mode.
water and adjust VRI for a reading of down to the - 40 degree minimum of the In the case of the monitor the problem
zero. Next place ICI in the hot water, and LM35CZ. seemed to be due to differences in the
adjust VR2 for the correct reading. Repeat However, if you need to read down scan rates of VGA cards. The super VGA
this procedure a few times until no further to such low temperatures it might be modes are not properly standardised,
adjustment is necessary. The unit should worthwhile experimenting along these and this clearly leaves room for incom-
then work with good accuracy over the lines. VR1 certainly seems to be able to patibility problems. Many VGA cards
full temperature range. handle a 40 millivolt input offset. Of now have a configuration switch which
When calibrating and using the unit, course, if the unit is made to read right enables you to select between two sets of
bear in mind that ICI should not be di- down to - 40 degrees, you have to scanning frequencies. A lower set than
rectly immersed in liquids. It must be accept some loss of coverage at the other any super VGA monitor should be able to
mounted inside a container of some kind, end of the range. The maximum in- handle, and a higher one for "flicker -free -
such as a small test-tube, so that no liquid put voltage of the converter would be viewing on suitable monitors.
comes into contact with its leadout wires. reached at a temperature of 87.5 degrees. The expansion card problem and (pos-
It is a good idea to use some silicon There is plenty of scope for experimen- sibly) the co -processor one seems to be
grease to give a good thermal contact be- tation with a unit of this type. With something more fundamental. Modern
tween the container and IC1. Even so, suitable software you can do such things motherboards and expansion cards are
the response time will not be particularly as monitoring heating systems, the out- largely devoid of TTL chips, and instead
fast. It will take the sensor several seconds side temperature, etc. Most PCs have use a variety of LSI chip technologies.
to respond to large and rapid changes in good graphics capability these days, and This seems to result in occasional conflicts
temperature. Be careful to allow sufficient it should not be too difficult to produce where two sets of chips do not agree
adjustment time when calibrating the unit. software to log readings and then display about what constitutes valid logic 0 and
them as graphs. logic voltages. This usually results in
I

NEGATIVE TEMPERATURES the computer completely hanging up, or

The LM35CZ can handle negative PC INCOMPATIBILITIES crashing soon after switch -on.
- 40 degrees
temperatures down to There are hundreds of different PC There also seems to be problems with
Centigrade. Unfortunately, these negative expansion cards, monitors, etc. currently drive currents, with some chips simply
temperatures provide negative output available, and with a few provisos, they not having sufficiently powerful outputs.
voltages which the converter can not should all work perfectly well together. In This factor seems to be responsible for
handle. One way around this difficulty is reality there seems to be the occasional some computers being unable to drive
to use VR1 to provide an offset, so that problem, which I suppose is inevitable some printers via their parallel ports.
the output voltage from IC2 is always with so many products being produced by It would seem to be a good idea, where
positive. so many different companies around the possible, to check that PC hardware will
For example, suppose that the unit must world. This means that you need to be a work properly with your system before
measure temperatures down to - 10 de- little careful when buying PC hardware. handing over any money. Alternatively,
grees Centigrade. With ICI at this tem- Possibly I have been unlucky, but make sure that you can return the equip-
perature, VRI would be adjusted for a have encountered numerous PC com- ment for a refund if there are any incom-
reading of zero. With ICI then set at patibility problems over the last few patibility problems.
the higher calibration temperature, VR2 years. The worst case was a 12MHz AT
would be adjusted for a reading ten de- motherboard which only seemed to work Next month: We will continue
grees higher than the actual calibration with about one -in -two expansion cards! with PC interfacing, and the subject
temperature. With some swapping around of cards of digital to analogue converters
In order to obtain readings in de- between various computers did even- I
will be covered.
grees Centigrade, the software would first tually managed to produce a complete

Crossword Solution E ELBA T S A OP AMP *

E G I N F R A RED 0
A U N A G C W S S
W EDEWF
0 T W L E D 0
R L
IPA A R IME L
D 0 A R RS T E 0 T S

V
U
m I E U C R P D P
S SNIPPHASEAME T
E L
P P 0 L E D C A i

A OHMLK R EEL L T K 0
R 0 Y E R A W T F OS E N
C TIMEROTSISERR
H RETEMOITNETOP *
The familiar title is EVER% DA'. ELECTRONICS The usomated name is %Ina KENNARD

Everyday Electronics. January 1992 5I

Special Series
MAGNETIC
RECORDING
Part 4; HEAD DRIVE
CIRCUITS
VIVIAN CAPEL
Ir MAY may seem that all we need to do to One side of the head winding is per- as the frequency increases. It decreases
make a magnetic recording on tape is to manently connected to the recording proportionally, producing a falling treble
connect a recording head to an amplifier amplifier output circuit, while the other response.
and a biasing system, and pass the tape at
uniform speed across it. As may be ex-
side is permanently taken to the playback
amplifier input. Connections from both are PHASE ANGLES
pected, there is rather more to it than that. taken to a switch, while the switch common There is another ill effect. Phase angles
Our first consideration is that of head is connected to the chassis (Fig. I ). change as the relationship between reac-
impedance, it should be of the optimum In the play position, the switch "earths" tance and resistance alters. So, high fre-
for the required function. Just as with the the A side of the windings, but in the record quencies becorhe displaced in phase rela-
magnetic characteristics we discussed last position, the B side of the winding is tive to lower ones. As the stereo effect
month, the electrical requirements for the earthed. As the switch is connected to depends strongly on phase differences be-
recording and playback heads are quite chassis in both positions it cannot pick up tween channels it can be seen that phase
different. hum, and there is no switching of "live" errors can result in impaired stereo.
The strength of a magnetic field connections, The most common solution to these
produced by a coil is proportional to the There is no need to switch the erase head problems is to increase the value of R by
current flowing through it rather than the during playback with a.c. systems, as the including a high value resistor in series with
voltage across it. So we must be able to oscillator is switched off. With d.c. erasure, the head coil. This has a swamping effect
drive adequate signal and bias currents switching the head is necessary. by maintaining a more constant ratio be-
through the head in order to make a good tween reactance and resistance over the
recording. As high impedances limit the H.F. LOSS frequency range. It ensures that the circuit
is mainly resistive and so behaves in a more
amount of current that could pass. it Taking a further look at the impedance
linear manner in its frequency as well as its
follows that the head winding should be of of the head, this results from a combina-
/ow impedance. tion of inductance and the d.c. resistance of phase response.
In the case of the playback head, it is the coils. The formula is: A further improvement can be achieved by
necessary to generate as ,high a voltage as connecting a capacitor across the resistor.
Z= R2+ xL2 This increases the high frequencies applied to
possible from the flux on the tape, in or- the head and also improves the phase co -
der that a large signal voltage is presented where Z is the impedance; R is the resis-
to the first stage and a high signal/noise tance of the coils; and XL is the reactance relation between high and low frequencies.
ratio thus be obtained. This requires a large resulting from the coil inductance. The values of the resistor and capacitor
number of turns on the coil, which gives it When recording low frequencies, the depend on the resistance and inductance of
a high impedance. reactance XL is low compared to the resis- the head, all being chosen to give the flattest
So, a low impedance is best for the tance, but at high frequencies the opposite overall response with minimum phase dis-
recording head whereas a high impedance is is true, and the reactance becomes large in placement for the particular head.
desirable for playback. No problem here as proportion to the resistance. What this This gives rise to an important practical
long as separate heads are used, but with a means in practice is that the recording point. Replacing a worn head on a tape
single record/playback head, impedance current encounters a low impedance at bass recorder is quite a straightforward task. If
must be a compromise. frequencies, but a continually rising one the maker's replacement is used there is no
problem, but it may not be available, or it
SWITCHING may be decided to upgrade from a permal-
boy to an HPF (hot -pressed ferrite).
When a single head is used it must be
switched from the record to the playback Whatever the replacement, it should
amplifier and back again, which can be have approximately the same resistance
done with a single -pole two-way switch. An and inductance as the original, otherwise
obvious way of connecting it is having one the series components will not produce the
side of the winding connected to the chas- required compensation. Having said that,
sis, and the other switched either to the minor differences, particularly of coil
input of the playback amplifier or the out- resistance, have little effect and can be
put of the recording amplifier. ignored
Such an arrangement though, would be RECORDING
prone to trouble. Remember that very high
gain must follow the playback head to AMPLIFIER
translate the minute signals from the tape The output stage feeding the head cir-
into the high volume needed for realistic cuit must produce a high voltage to over-
sound reproduction. So, any trace of oxide come the high series resistance, and also a
on the switch contacts would produce Fig. I. Switching to a combined high current to drive the coils. So it must
record/playback head. One end of the head provide a high power compared to what
audible noise. Furthermore, the switch and
its terminals would be liable to pick up winding goes to the recording amplifier and actually is needed to generate the recording
hum and would need careful screening the other to the playback circuit. Alternate flux. The output stage must therefore be of
which could pose practical difficulties. ends of the winding are earthed for each a power output type, and many recorders
The alternative switching system com- function thereby avoiding signal switching use the loudspeaker output stage to drive
monly used, is both simple and ingenious. and possible hum problems. the head in the record mode.

52 Everyday Electronics, January 1992

 Another factor which comes into play is loop to encroach onto the curved portions
the slew rate of the output stage. All power and so generate distortion. Yet those that
amplifiers have a limit to the rate of change are too small degrade the signal noise ratio
that the output voltage can follow. It is ob- and require the playback amplifier to be
vious that the rate of change of a large sig- turned well up. further increasing noise. So
nal is greater than that of a smaller one. there is an optimum point beyond which
It is also evident that a high frequency peak recording levels should not rise, nor
cycle is completed much quicker than a should they fall too far below.
cycle of a low frequency, so the rate of This is the 0dB point on the recording
change is correspondingly greater. The rate level meter. However, due to the tolerances
of change is thus proportional to frequency of components in the recording amplifier
and signal magnitude. this has to be set for each particular instru-
In a recording amplifier where high out- ment during manufacture, and a pre-set
put voltages are required, the output stage control will be found inside the machine for
slew rate may be inadequate at high fre- the purpose.
quencies. This can be another cause of To reset it a millivoltmeter and an audio
falling h.f. response, and also generate the oscillator with variable output is required, Fig. 3. Adjusting recording bias, commons
intermodulation distortion which occurs also the service manual, or at least the ap- by preset resistor in series with the bias feed.
when the slew rate is exceeded. The effect propriate information from it. A 10 or 100 Reading is taken bt a millivoltmeter across
is reduced by selecting output transistors ohm resistor is included in the "earthy" end 100 ohms (10 ohms in some models) in the
having high slew ratings at the voltages and earthy end of the head.
of the record head by the makers and the
frequencies required. meter is connected across it, see Fig. 3. To same level. Playback once more and check
There is another type of output stage avoid false readings the bias oscillator must the comparative levels as before, then
which overcomes these problems by now be disabled, and then the fixed tone make further bias adjustment as required.
eliminating the need for the high -value from the external audio oscillator is injected The process is repeated until the 10kHz
series resistor. As we have seen, the into the Auxiliary or MIC socket. tone is just 1dB down if optimum distor-
recording flux is obtained as a result of The output level of the oscillator is next tion level is desired. It may be remem-
current through the head windings rather adjusted to obtain 0dB on the VU meter, bered from a previous article, that the two
than voltage. The output stage therefore then the pre-set drive control is set to give do no coincide, one must adjust for either
is designed as a constant -current source. the millivolt reading specified in the manual. one or the other, or a compromise can be
Readings vary from model to model, but a made.
typical one is 0.35mV over 10 ohm for Ferric
tape, and 0.7mV for Chrome tape.
It can be said that this adjustment rarely
AUTOMATIC
needs to be done unless major com- LEVEL CONTROL
ponents have been changed in the recording Automatic level control (ALC) is found
amplifier in most portable recorders. Part of the out-
put of the recording amplifier is rectified
BIAS LEVEL then used to control the gain of an earlier
ADJUSTMENT stage. This ensures that the recording level
is not too high or too low without the
RECORDING
AMP The bias level may need resetting if a necessity of manually adjusting the level. It
different type of tape from that recom- also takes care of increases and decreases
mended is used. In most cases the dif- of signal level during recording.
ferences are too small to make much dif- The time constants of the circuit are
ference for average domestic use. Profes- chosen to give a rapid attack, but slow
iii uc]
sionals set the bias for each tape recorded, decay. Thus sudden loud signals produce
as these are masters from which copies an almost immediate reduction in gain to
will be made and top performance is es- prevent overload, but afterwards the circuit
sential. Hi-fi enthusiasts may also wish to fades up the gain gradually to avoid too
Fig. 2. Transconductance recording output optimise the setting for a particular brand obvious gain changes.
stage supplies signal current that is not of tape. The system is useful for speech and
dependant on the impedance of the load Adjustment is usually by means of a
thereby eliminating the need for a high -value
"on location" recordings where it would
small variable capacitor in series with the be difficult to set and maintain levels
series resistor Tanhurg Actilincuri. bias oscillator feed to the record head, but manually, but it does have serious draw-
1

that is the current it supplies remains variable resistors or tunable coils are also backs for other work. Level changes are
constant irrespective of the impedance of used. The measurement is made in the same noticeable, as background noise drops then
the load. So. when the impedance rises at way as that for recording level, that is fades up as the signal varies.
higher frequencies, the current is not across the 10 or 100 ohm resistor in series For recording music it is hopeless, as
reduced. with the recording head. the dynamic range is telescoped, musical
An example of this type of circuit When the recorder is switched to record climaxes are emaciated, and quiet passages
is
the Actilinear circuit devised by Tanberg, with no signal input, a reading is obtained. that are reduced to almost inaudibility
(Fig. 2). It consists of a complementary If the maker's setting is being checked, the after loud fortissimos, gradually get un-
push-pull output circuit similar to that reading should be compared with that naturally louder.
used for many audio amplifiers, but with given in the manual and any necessary Early recorders had a manual/automatic
negative feedback from the transistor col- adjustment made. As with the recording switch, whereby the user could select the
lectors (c) to the base circuit. An LC filter drive, values vary between models, but mode according to the use, but al-
circuit couples'the output to the head. roughly, the reading should be about ten though gimmicks abound on modern
This type of circuit provides more than times that of the recording level at zero machines, this very useful facility has
sufficient current to drive the head and VU. Across 10 ohm it usually ranges disappeared. Some serious users have had
because high signal voltages are not re- from 3.0-7.5mV, while across 100 ohm. their machines converted to manual opera-
quired to overcome a high series resis- 30-75mV. tion. This involves removing the feed to the
tance there are no slew rate problems. A To set the level for a different make of controlled stage and either fitting a manual
bonus is that the stage serves as a buffer tape, an audio oscillator that can generate control or in some cases it is possible to
between the bias oscillator and the record- a 400Hz and a 10kHz tone is required. arrange for the playback volume control to
ing amplifier so that feedback of the oscil- These are recorded on the tape at - I 2dB on serve as a level control during recording.
lator voltage to earlier stages is greatly the VU meter. The tape is played back and Modification details differ considerably
reduced. the output levels of the two tones com- between models.
pared. If that of the lOkHz tone is lower, Having explored the heads and their
HEAD DRIVE there is too much bias and the amount drive circuits, we will return to the tape
ADJUSTMENT should be decreased, but if it is higher, bias
is insufficient and it should be increased.
itself in our next article and see how this
apparently simple commodity is far more
Recording signals that are too large Adjust accordingly. then erase the tape complex than it appears, and what is
cause the operating point on the hysteresis and record the two tones again at the involved in its manufacture.

Everyday Electronics. January 1992

53
 SIMPLE MODEL SERIES
SPECIAL EASIWIRE OFFER
FREE EASIWIRE IF YOU BUY
ANY FOUR MODEL KITS
OR EASIWIRE FOR £5 WHEN YOU
PURCHASE A PROJECT KIT.
The two companies mentioned below
have large stocks of Easiwire solder -
less wire wrapping systems, as used
to build all our Simple Model Series
projects. They have agreed to make
these available to EE readers who pur-
chase complete kits of components
for the projects, INCLUDING printed
cards to cut out and assemble for each
model. If you are prepared to buy any
four of the seven model kits then you
can get your Easiwire FREE.
If you buy any one model kit you can
purchase an Easiwire kit for just £5.
(These kits were previously advertised
by BICC-Vero at £15, including p&p). To
get your kit and Easiwire simply fill
in the appropriate coupon and send
it with your cheque (or credit card
details) to either of the companies.
The seven projects are: Police Car (July
91); Musical Roundabout (Aug 91); Micro
Micro -a dolls house microcomputer (Sept
91); Centurion Tank (Oct 91); Mini Microwave
Christmas Novelty Decoration (Dec 91);
Bishop Rock Lighthouse (Jan 92). These
models all play tunes or make noises or flash
lights etc. All prices include VAT
Please fill in the appropriate coupon below, tick the relevent boxes and send your cheque/PD/credit
card number with one of the coupons to:
GREENWELD ELECTRONIC BULL ELECTRICAL
COMPONENTS 250 PORTLAND ROAD,
27 PARK ROAD, OR HOVE, SUSSEX
SOUTHAMPTON S01 3TB BN3 5QT
Tel: 0703 236363 Tel: 0273 203500
Fax: 0703 236307 Fax: 0273 23077
BEND EITHER COUPON TO EITHER COMPANY - YOU CHOOSE YOUR SUPPLIER
Overseas readers please add £3 to cover the extra postage charge.
FREE EASIWIRE T£5 EASIWIRE
Please send me my FREE Easiwire kit. I understand that I Please supply the Lighthouse
I must buy four model kits at the price given by EE - I on its own at £5.95 plus £1 p&p []
I enclose a cheque/PU for £ for the kits ticked below [1] I Please supply an Easiwire at
Please debit my credit card ni I £5 with the above kit
I-1 I Overseas readers please add £3 to cover the
Card No. extra postage charge
I I enclose a cheque/PO for £
Ex. Date Signature (£6.95 or £11.95) E
The kits I require are Police Car (July '91)
Musical Roundabout (Aug '91)
£5.95 plus £1 p6p[11 I Please charge my credit card
E7.95 plus £1 p&p L j 1 Card No.
-E
Micro Micro (Sept '91) £2.50 plus £1 p&pE
Tick four or more
Centurion Tank (Oct '91)
I Ex Date
boxes £4.95 plus £1 p&p
Mini Microwave (Nov '91) £5.50 plus £1 p&p E Signature
Christmas Novelty (Dec '91) £4.95 plus £1 p&pE 1 Name
Bishop Rock Lighthouse (Jan '927E5.95 plus £1 p&p E I Address
Nar ne
Address

54 Everyday Electronics, January 1992

Simple Model Series

87,44,?....
044811
BISHOP ROCK iffire '41,

LIGHTHOUSE
OWEN BISHOP
The last model in a series which combines that we have simplified the logic circuit by
sounding the fog -horn every 60 seconds.
two hobbies in one - electronics and In the real lighthouse, the flash is
produced by a set of lenses rotating around
model -making. Simple electronic circuits the lamp; for simplicity we flash the lamp
on and off electronically. However, to
combined with easy -to -assemble models simulate the effect of the rotating lenses,
the lamp takes an appreciable time to
that cover a wide range of interests. acquire full brightness and to turn off.
The circuit can be adapted to produce
STANDING on a pinnacle of rock rising
other light characters should you prefer to
sheer out of the ocean floor in the base your model on a lighthouse near your
home. Similarly, the fog horn has variable
westernmost Scilly Isles, the Bishop
Rock lighthouse is said to be the most ex- pitch and a programmable sounding se-
quence.
posed
at spring tides and, given that there are an
average of 30 gales in this area each year, it
BLIILOING THE
is small wonder that this region is a poten- TOWER
tial danger to shipping. The rock is said to The lower part of the tower is a
be named after a sailor called Bishop who cylindrical base. Use a plastic or metal cap
was one of only two survivors cast up on taken from a domestic spray -can (furniture
it after the wrecking of a whole merchant polish, oven -cleaner etc). The cap should
fleet in the Scillies in the 17th Century. have an external diameter of about 54mm,
The present lighthouse is Bishop Rock and an internal diameter of at least 50mm.
Ill. The original Bishop Rock I was started The exact height does not matter except
in 1847 but was destroyed by a storm in that, to accommodate the circuit boards
1850 before it ever became ope-ational. and speaker, it needs to be at least 47mm
Bishop Rock II was a sturdier and taller high. Fig. I shows the details. Paint the cap
structure which was first lit in 1858, but a "rocky" granite colour and draw a
suffered greatly from the storms. Even- vertical ladder down from top to bottom,
tually it was encased in further granite about 2mm wide with rungs 2mm apart.
masonry and increased in height to its If you cannot find a suitable cap, cut the
present size. Its design was by James base from thin cardboard as shown. Form
Douglass, and it was built by his son this into a cylinder and secure the flap with
William Tregarthen Douglass. It first came glue. Bend the tags inward. Cut out the
into service on 25 October 1887. base top and glue this to the tags. We used
Even in these days of remote operation, buff -coloured card for the base and main
Bishop Rock III continues to be a watched
lighthouse, operated by Trinity House. The
addition of a "helideck", well above the
surges of the Atlantic breakers, makes
relief operations considerably easier than
they used to be, though still hazardous
enough.
Bishop Rock III was originally lit by oil
lamps, but now uses an electric lamp of
2,600,000 candle -power, with a range of 29
sea miles. It is white and its characteristic
signal is two flashes every 15 seconds. The
original fog warning was an explosive
charge set off every five minutes but
nowadays there is a fog -horn, giving two
blasts every 90 seconds.
The model is based on the dimensions of
the light -house at a scale of approximately
1/200. It reproduces the light character and
fog warning of Bishop Rock III, except Fig. 1. The base of the Lighthouse.

55
 0
LLI
U)

PLATFORM TOP& BOTTOM

CUT 2

fl TA TA r-mr-um TA 1-1
\Juuu vuuuu uy
PLATFORM SIDE

BASE
Everyday Electronics, January 1992
 J

LANTERN

Fig. 3 Formation of the lantern housing

H ELI DECK ring to hold it rolled, the ring being nearer

to what will eventually be the bottom of the
lantern. Apply glue to the inside of the
other ring and insert the eventual top of
Fig. 2 (left). Card rings for the rolled transparency into this. Press the
the lantern transparency firmly against the inside of
CUT 2 this ring to form it into a perfect cylinder.
While the glue is still wet, invert the
rolled transparency on the under -side of
tower, so no painting was needed. If you and bottom of the main tower to the the lantern top. Then apply glue to the
are using white card, paint the base and platform and base respectively. inner card disc and push this down inside
draw the ladder on it where shown. the lantern, gluing it to the underside
Readers with the equipment and skill THE LANTERN of the lantern top. This helps push the
transparency firmly against the inside of
could model the main tower by turning it Make a photocopy of the designs for
in wood on a lathe. It is I 62mm long and the lantern, helideck and helideck cage on the ring. When the glue has dried, remove
tapers from 42mm diameter at the bottom transparent film, in black. Cut out the lan- the first ring, apply glue to its inner surface
end to 27mm at the top. The tapering is tern design. Cut two strips of thin card and push in back on to what will eventually
more pronounced toward the bottom of 5mm wide and about 200mm long. Apply be the lower end of the lantern.
the tower, and it hardly tapers at all near glue to one side of one strip, for half its Cut out an annulus of medium -thick
the top. Bore a hole centrally up the tower length. Wind the strip around a cylindrical card and glue this to the top of the
to take the wires from the base to the object 20mm in diameter, to form a ring of platform. The lantern is a push -fit into this
lamp. about three turns (Fig. 2). The cylinder so that it can easily be removed for chang-
The tower is topped by a circular should preferably taper slightly to make it ing the bulb.
platform which can be cut from 9mm easier to remove the ring from it when Cut out the photocopied designs for the
plywood, with a hole bored centrally in it. the glue has dried. A small' cap from a helideck and the helideck cage. The con-
Paint the tower, and draw the door and domestic spray -can was found to be exactly struction of the helideck cage is similar to
windows. A ladder leads from the door the right size and shape for this. Use a that of the lantern, except that the rings are
down to the bottom of the main tower. large black spirit -marker pen to blacken made from strips 2.5mm and 9mm wide.
The main tower can also be made from the edges and outside surface of the ring. They are wound around a cylindrical ob-
thin cardboard, though this inevitably Prepare a second ring using the other strip ject 36mm in diameter. Paint the narrow
lacks the graceful lines of the real thing, and blacken this too. ring black inside and out. The wide ring is
and of the wood -turned model. Form the Cut out a card disc 27mm diameter, for to be the same colour as the tower. Form
cardboard into a narrow cone and secure the top of the lantern; blacken the upper the cage design into a cylinder and slip the
the flap with glue. Make the platform surface of this, its edge and the outer region narrow ring around it near the top. Ap-
from two card circles glued to two discs of the lower surface (Fig. 3). Cut another ply glue to the inside of the wide ring and
which form the top and bottom of the disc 20mm in diameter. Roll the lantern push the lower end of the cage into this so
platform. Finally glue the tags at the top transparency into a cylinder and use one that the lower edge of the cage pattern itself

Everyday Electronics, January 1992 57

 +6V0 0+6V
C
1

RI 6
270k 60m
136Hz TRI
17Hz
vNi0k14
R3 01
ICI 120k 1N414$
R2 CLOCK
s 6 5Hz
'
12s '555 273Hz c 4 3Hz 0 k

6 2Hz IC3a RL C7
,c 1Hz 4002 220k 1001 LSI
64
2s
Cl IC2
16 non. ls CD
4020 IC4c
7 5$ IC4a 4011 C.
ovrrurs
2
156 0 4011
le

IC4b
4011
IC3b
30$ 0 400 2
11

TR2
60s 0 I J.
85
2TX300
Als IC4d 470
4011
ovo 00V

(11141161

Fig. 4. Circuit diagram for the light and fog horn

(the triple railings) are just visible above the
ring. This ring is to be a push -fit over the
The table shows that the flash occurs if
and only if B, D and E are all low. The
CIRCUIT BOARD A
platform, so that the cage may be removed
Circuit board "A" (Fig. 5) holds the
state of C is immaterial. The state of B, D timer and counter i.c.s. Like (almost)
for changing the bulb. and E is detected by feeding the three out- everything to do with lighthouses, the
When the glue is dry, apply glue to the puts to a NOR gate. A four -input gate is circuit boards are circular and stack inside
inside and top edge of the narrow ring and used, so signal E is fed to two of the inputs.
the lighthouse base. Drill the holes in the
slide this into place at the top of the cage. The output of the NOR gate is normally board, then insert the two i.c. sockets and
At the same time invert the cage on to the low, but goes high when all three inputs are capacitor Cl; glue them to the board to
helideck transparency (also inverted), so low. A high output from the NOR gate make the wiring more secure. Insert C2 and
fixing the helideck to the top of the cage. raises the voltage of the gate of TRI, bend its leads and glue the body of the
turning the transistor on. The transistor
HOW IT WORKS conducts readily and the lamp lights. The
capacitor to the board. Next insert the
p.c.b. terminals.
The clock (ICI in Fig. 4) oscillates at switching action is modified by R4 and C2, There are more terminals than usual in
273Hz. This signal is repeatedly halved in which delays the time at which the lamp this project as this makes it easier to cus-
frequency by the 14 stages of the counter in reaches full brightness. When the NOR
tomise the circuit design to produce a range
IC2. The outputs from stages 2 and 3 are gate goes low, the diode prevents the of light and fog -horn characters. The beads
not available. The available outputs with capacitor from discharging. The charge on the recommended p.c.b pins are in a
their frequencies or periods are shown. Any leaks away through R4 and the lamp dims
of these outputs can be used to produce the out. Table 2:
desired character. The logic is explained The logic for sounding the fog -horn Truth table for the fog -horn
below in some detail so that readers will depends on the binary sequence of out- Count Output State of horn
understand how to adapt the circuit for puts from stages C to G (Table 2). Each GFEDC
producing other characters. count in this table represents about four 0 0 0 0 0 0
The logic for flashing the lamp depends seconds, and the sequence repeats with the 1 0 0 0 0 1
on the binary sequence of outputs from period of output G, which is approximately 2 0 0 0 1 0
stages B. D and E, where "0" = low 60 seconds. During this time the fog- 3 0 0 0 1 1
voltage and "1" = high voltage (Table I). horn sounds twice, each blast lasting two 4 0 0 1 0 0
Each count in the table represents slightly seconds. The table shows that the flash 5 0 0 1 0 1
less than one second, so the sequence occurs if and only if C and G are low and E 6 0 0 1 1 0
repeats with the period of output E, which and F are high. The fact that E has to be 7 0 0 1 1 1
is approximately 15 seconds, as required. high means that there is always an appreci- 8 0 1 0 0 0
During this time the lamp flashes twice, able gap between the horn sounding and 9 0 1 0 0 1
each flash lasting one second. the lamps flashing, giving a more realistic 10 0 1 0 1 0
Table 1: effect. The state of D is immaterial. 11 0 1 0 1 1
Truth table for lamp flashing The state of C, E, F and G is detected by 12 0 1 1 0 0 SOUND
feeding the four outputs to a NOR gate, 13 0 0 1
Count Output State of lamp as before. However, because we are look-
1 1

EDCB ing for high states of E and F, these sig-

14
15
0
0
1

1
1

1
1 0
1 1
SOUND
0 0 0 0 0 FLASH nals must be inverted. The signals first go 16 1 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 0 1 to NAND gates (IC4a/b) with their inputs 17 1 0 0 0 1
2 0 0 1 0 FLASH wired together so that they act as INVERT 18 1 0 0 1 0
3 0 0 1 1 gates, then to the NOR gate. 19 1 0 0 1 1
4 0 1 0 0 When C, E, F and G are in the correct 20 1 0 1 0 0
5 0 1 0 1 state the output of the NOR gates goes 21 1 0 1 0 1
6 0 1 1 0 high, and this output goes to a NAND gate 22 1 0 1 1 0
7 0 1 1 1 (IC4c). This gate also receives the I36Hz 23 1 0 1 1 1
8 1 0 0 0 audio signal A, but this passes through the 24 1 1 0 0 0
9 1 0 0 1 gate only when the NOR gate output is 25 1 1 0 0 1
10 1 0 1 0 high. When the NOR gate is low the output 26 1 1 0 1 0
11 1 0 1 1 from IC4c is continuously high. The signal 27 1 1 0 1 1
12 1 1 0 0 is inverted once again, by IC4d, so that it is 28 1 1 1 0 0
13 1 1 0 1 low between blasts, thus leaving TR2 and 29 1 1 1 0 1
14 1 1 1 0 the loudspeaker switched off during the in- 30 1 1 1 1 0
15 1 1 1 1 active state. 31 1 1 1 1 1

58 Everyday Electronics, January 1992

 COMPONENTS
Resistors See
R1
R2
270k
12k SHOP
R3 120k TALK
R4
R5
220k
470
PII
Carbon film 0.25W, 5%, or metal film
0.6W1%.

Capaci*ors
C1 18n polyester miniature
dipped case, or metallised
ceramic plate
C2 10µ tantalum, 15V
C3 220n polyester miniature BOARD I TIMER IL COUNTER COMPONENT SIDE BOARD 2 LOGIC I SWITCHING COMPONENT SIDE
layer

Semiconductors
D1 1N4148 silicon signal diode
TR1 VN10KM VMOS n -channel
power f.e.t.
TR2 ZTX300 npn transistor
IC1 7555 CMOS timer
IC2 4020 CMOS 14 -stage
counter/divider
IC3 4002 CMOS dual 4 -input
NOR gate
IC4 4011 CMOS quadruple
2 -input NAND gate

Miscellaneous
LP1 6V, 60mA MES filament
lamp (or similar)
INSULATING
LS1 640 speaker, 38mm diam. TAPE
16 -pin i.c. socket; 14 -pin d.i.l.
LOGIC I SWITCHING, WIRING SIDE
i.c. sockets (2 off); 8 -pin i.c. BOARD I TIMER I COUNTER, WIRING SIDE BOARD 2

socket; p.c.b. eyelet terminals (21 off);

battery connector; insulating tape;
p.c.b. lacquer; Easywire pen and tool; Fig. 5 The construction of the two circuit cards using the Easiwire wiring system.
insulated connecting wire.
Wiring up the board is straight-
forward. The board is tested after wiring
ASSEMBLY
Materials The tinal assembly is shown in Fig. 7,
Thin card, buff or printed white card - the inter -board connections (Fig. 6). with the circuit boards and loudspeaker
see Shop Talk and Special Offer page. Note that there are two E terminals on stacked inside the base with card
(or wood) for tower Block of expanded Board B. separators (discs 50cm diameter) to prevent
polystyrene, approx. 140 x 100 x 50. Use thin flexible insulated wires, each short circuits. The speaker rests face -down
Red and white enamel paint (e.g. about 10cm long, except for the lamp and on the table.
Humbrol); black acrylic paint (e.g. battery is connections. For the battery, you If the lamp is in a holder, glue this to the
Tamiya Color) can use a press -stud battery connector, but platform. If the wires are soldered to the
you may need to extend the wires if the lamp, wrap black insulating tape around
battery to be hidden from sight. The wires the threaded part of the bulb. Nip the tube
Approx cost
guidance only £6
(components only)
to the lamp need to be about 30cm long. If
a bulb holder is used, connect the wires to
the screw terminals. Otherwise, solder the
of tape below the bulb and wedge it firmly
into the hole in the top of the platform.
Place the lantern over the bulb; it is held in
wires directly to the bulb, or hold them in place by the annulus. Lower the cage over
range of different colours. it is advisable to place with insulating tape. When the bat- the lantern and push it gently down over
adopt a colour code for each of the lines A tery is connected, the lamp begins to flash the platform. All that is needed now is a
to G, and to use the same code on board and the loudspeaker sounds as described helicopter to bring supplies to the keeper.
B. For certain variations in the light and earlier.
sound characters, you may need to wire the
p.c.b. terminals to a different set of output
pins (see later).
Test the circuit by connecting the battery.
The output from ICI pin 3 is a signal of
273Hz. You can hear this if you connect
a crystal earphone to pin 3, by way of a
100n capacitor. Connect the other terminal
of the earphone to the OV rail.
On an oscilloscope, the signal can be
seen to have a very high mark -space ratio.
Monitor the signals from the terminals of
IC2; the important ones are those labelled
A to G in Fig. 4. Signal A can be heard
with an earphone; a voltmeter is used to
check signals B to G.

CIRCUIT BOARD 13
Circuit board "B" holds the logic circuits
and the transistor switches which control
the lamp and loudspeaker. It may be neces-
sary to revise the logic connections if other
Fig. 6. InterwirMg between the board, battery, lamp and loudspeaker.
light and sound characters are required.

Everyday Electronics, January 1992 59

 BOARD 2

SEPARATOR

BOARD I

SEPARATOR

ifFla 711. I

HELICOPTER
Ink
The supply helicopter used by Trinity
one of its helicopters G-BATC. Finally
mount the rotor.
Fig. 7 Fitting the electronics in the base.

If the longest sequence is t seconds, and

this is to be taken from ouput G. the fre-
quency of the clock must be]. = 16384/t.
House is the popular West German light
utility helicopter, the MBB 80105. We BISHOP ROCK The frequency is determined by the values
made a simple model of this, moulding the The rock itself can be carved from a of RI, R2 and CI:
main fuselage from Fimo, a modelling block of expanded polystyrene or timber. 1.44
material which is fairly soft when pur- It needs a flat bottom, sheer sides and (RI + 2.R2)CI
chased but which hardens when placed in a very rugged top. A circular opening If this frequency proves to be suitable
an oven at 130*C for about half an hour. 54mm in diameter runs from top to bot- for the fog -horn, it can be used direct
To save a certain amount of painting use tom so that the rock surrounds the base of from the clock; otherwise, use A which
either red or white Fimo. the light -house, making it less likely to runs at ft2. If a lower frequency is needed,
Make the rear fuselage from 3mm topple over. Cut a groove in the bottom of use output F for the longest sequence,
diameter white plastic rod. Before harden- the rock for the battery wires. length t. and calculate / = 8192/t.
ing the main fuselage make a socket in Paint the rock matt black, possibly ad- Next set out truth tables similar to
this to accept the rear fuselage. Also push ding a touch of dark brown here and Tables I and 2 and mark when the lamp is
a pin in at four places to make holes ready there. Before painting, test the paint on a to flash or the horn to sound. Try to mark
for the undercarriage struts. spare scrap of expanded polystrene; the these events so that they occur when there
Cut the tail and rudder from thin red solvents of some paints cause the polys- is a majority of '0's on the line. Then
card and glue into slots cut in the rear tyrene to shrink away almost to noth- decide the logic requirements. Table I
fuselage (Fig. 8). Cut a propeller from ing! A water-soluble acrylic model paint gives a double flash, as required for
thin white card and mount this on the (Tamiya Color, matt black XF- I ) gave a Bishop Rock, but a single flash can be
tail -plane as shown; fill the collar with very realistic effect on white polystyrene. obtained (at count 0) by NORing together
all four outputs. A single flash of double
glue before inserting the pin into it. Cut
the four -bladed rotor from the same white
OTHER the length (counts I and 2) is obtained by
card. CHARACTERS NORing outputs C. D and E only.
The circuit has two NAND gates
Carve the floats from plastic strip; bore Both the light and fog horn can be
two holes half -way into each to take the changed to different characteristics. The (IC4a/b) for inverting outputs that are to
struts. Make the struts from dressmaker's first thing to decide is the length of the be active when they are -1". If either of
pins; you may have to experiment here, as longest sequence, usually the fog -horn these gates are not used, their inputs must
some types of pins snap in two when you sequence. The length of the shorter se- be wired either to OV or + 6V.
try to bend them. The pins will not be a quence (usually the light) must be a binary This model concludes the series, we
really firm fit in the holes bu, when the submultiple (half, quarter, eighth .. ) of hope you have enjoyed making at least
model is painted, the paint secures them this. The actual length of the Bishop Rock one of the models.
well enough. fog -horn sequence is 90s but, since the
Paint the main fuselage white, with red light sequence lasts 15s, it was decided to
top and bottom. Also paint windows in make the horn sequence 60s, i.e. four
black and, if possible the logo "Trinity times the light sequence, instead of six
House" and the registration number of times, which is difficult o arrange.

STRUT COLLAR CUT FROM PIN

IPIN I PROPELLOR
PLASTIC TUBE

FLOAT PROPELLOR
TAIL
PIN CUT SNORT
FRONT
FUSEL AGE

CAR CARD ROTOR

MOULDED MAIN
CARD FUSELAGE
PIN
PLASTIC ROD
REAR FUSELAGE

PLASTIC REAR FUSELAGE

STRIP

Fig. 8 Construction of the helicopter

60
 REPORTING
Tony Smith G4FA
ALBANIA BACK services in certain defined circumstances. deregulation it will also be interesting to
The first Albanian amateur radio sta- In the UK there are lesser third party see if similar proposals eventually reach,
tion for 45 years came on -the -air on facilities plus long-established emer- and receive consideration, in the UK. (In-
16th September. At a grand opening gency services as mentioned in this formation from W5Y/ Report)
ceremony at Albania's PTT headquarters, column from time to time.
attended by high government officials, The essential basis of third party com- ANNUAL REPORT OF RA
and broadcast on Tirana TV, amateur munications is that no regular organiza- The Radiocommunications Agency
station ZA1 A made a special transmission tional or business communications should (previously the Radiocommunications
to ITU headquarters in Geneva where the be provided for which commercial services Division) of the DTI recently published
ITU Secretary -General was present. are available, and that no payment should its annual report for the year 1990-1991.
In the days that followed, the bands be received by amateur operators what- This covers the entire field of non -
went wild as Dxers, award hunters, and soever. It has often been suggested to the government activity in the radio
others just wanting to welcome the Al- FCC that the rules are too restrictive and spectrum, but I refer here only to that part
banians back, tried to contact ZA1A. that amateur radio could be used for non- of the report covering amateur radio.
Because of the numbers involved, each commercial activities without affecting its Apart from describing the introduction
contact could only be a brief exchange of amateur status. of the Amateur Radio Novice licence on
reception reports, but that was enough to 1st April 1991, previously covered at
get a QSL card confirming contact with a RELAXATION OF RULES length in this column, the report refers to
new country. More stations are appearing The FCC now proposes that non - the concern of the RA about abuse on
as time goes on and just a few days amateur communications handled by amateur radio, in particular associated
before writing this, in early October, I amateurs in the future, without the with repeater stations.
listened with awe as a "pileup" of what present limitations, could include com- Action, the report says, has been taken
must have been hundreds of stations munications for non-profit or charitable to deal with this by improving the
from many countries tried to make con- organizations, government agencies, and management and monitoring of the 300
tact with two more ZAs on 28MHz. public safety agencies; classroom in- or so repeaters in the UK. Each repeater is
No one new to amateur radio could struction in schools; selling or trading managed by a local group, while the
cope with such a situation unaided electronic apparatus amongst amateurs; Radio Society of Great Britain provides a
however, and teams of experienced providing information to the news media; number of central services and sup-
operators from several countries, under club business; personal business, includ- port through its Repeater Management
the auspices of the International Amateur ing placing orders on local suppliers via Group.
Radio Union and other amateur or- auto -patch into the public telephone Additionally, amateurs are encouraged
ganisations, have been in Albania train- system; and rebroadcasting transmissions to submit reports of abuse to the RSG B's
ing a number of enthusiastic students from other stations such as weather Amateur Radio Observation Service
ready to take the lead in reviving amateur stations, the Voice of America, or WWV (AROS). If AROS is unable to solve the
radio throughout their country. (time signals, etc.) problem a report may be sent to the
Trying to get through pileups is not my The order or precedence would be Radio Investigation Service for further
favourite type of operating, but I do have Priority - emergency communications; investigation, and this has resulted in a
a go sometimes and get the same satis- Primary - normal amateur communica- number of successful prosecutions.
faction as everyone else when I manage tions; and Secondary - non -amateur During the year, some changes have
to beat the pack. In this case though, I communications. Only when the first two been made to the amateur radio licence.
shall probably wait till there are a few traditional usages are insufficient to The most significant involved providing
more ZAs on the air and there's time to completely occupy the bands would the clubs with special event privileges, al-
actually have a chat with some of them! unused frequencies be available to carry locating extra frequencies for unattended
non -amateur traffic. operation and allowing vertical polarisa
USA BOMBSHELL To preserve the non -business status of tion and mobile operation at 50MHz.
A sensational proposal by the FCC amateur radio no operator would be As at 31st March 1991, the number of
(the USA licensing authority) could able to sell a communication service amateur licences class A, was 32,954
change the entire concept of "amateur" using amateur frequencies. An excep- and Class B, 27,930. There were also
radio; a change which in the long term tion to this would be permitted payment 257 voice repeaters, 236 packet radio
could well affect the status of the hobby to control operators transmitting Morse repeaters, and 55 beacons During the
in many countries, including the UK practice and information bulletins from year there were five convictions for
Continually bombarded with letters W1AW, AR R Us headquarters station (al- offences under the Wireless Telegraphy
and phone calls from amateurs who want ready permitted); and those providing Acts and two formal warnings were
changes in the "absolutely -no -business" classroom instruction over the air. issued for breaches of the Act.
rules; and subject from time to time to These proposals will inevitably
political lobbying and Congressional provoke a mixed reception. Those who SANGEAN SERVICING -2
inquiries along the same lines, the FCC believe the amateur spectrum should be I mentioned last month the problem a
has suggested to the American Radio opened up to non -amateur communica- reader was having in getting his Sangean
Relay League, America's national radio tions will be delighted, but many will feel ATS 803A world band receiver repaired
society, that it makes formal proposals for that the unique character of amateur by Comet. have now received a let-
I

change. It has even suggested what radio is under threat and that the bands ter from Charlie Avery, PR Executive of
those changes might be, so there seems are full enough already without Comet PLC, who says that his company
little doubt about the eventual outcome. congesting them further with non - decided to discontinue this model early
It all hinges around "third party" amateur traffic. in 1991, and that the manufacturer has
communications, that is, the passing of The communications industry, which since gone out of business.
messages on behalf of other persons. In stands to lose business if the proposals Prior to this, Comet were able to secure
the USA, and in many other countries, all are implemented, may have something a limited supply of spare parts so they
amateurs can already pass simple greet- to say also! It will be interesting to fol- can still repair some sets, depending on
ings messages on behalf of others and low this debate over the months ahead the problem. If they do not have the ap-
they can also provide communications and to see the final outcome. With the propriate spares, however, it is unlikely
on behalf of the emergency and other DTI's current policy of liberalisation and that they will be able to help.

Everyday Electronics, Januar). 1992 61

 bon forms a very basic introduction to electronics in general.
SPECIAL EVERYDAY ELECTRONICS BOOKS it therefore provides an excellent introductory text for begin-
ners and a course and reference book for GCSE students
Full details on registering for C&G assessment. details of
assessment centres, components required and information

CIECTIA somong
MOHR 72'
(Fs
on the course in general are given
The City & Guilds introduction to module 726; 301 reads

Tenth- -A candidate who satisfactorily completes this module will

have a competence to identify basic components and digital
Pronithe
er
'Pect clive integrated circuits and connect them together to form simple
working circuits and logic units This provides an excellent
introduction to the book
SUP
ursk,
112 pages (A4 size) 011=tal E2.95

WINd
$13474
ig
400
LFW444"11
IP ELECTRONICS TEACH -IN No.5 GUIDE
it a li,,,,, TO BUILDING ELECTRONIC PROJECTS
A Co behr69 Published by EVERYDAY ELECTRONICS
11,1141a I 18 Due to the demand from students teachers and hobbyists
A weeds
doestsaielr! War we have put together a range of articles from past issues of
-a care" am house 010 Certificate C /wets,"" Everyday Electronics that will assist those involved with the
construction of electronic projects
01-3 INTRODUCI Detecting
City and Guilds
certwate
Olgb4 as DI GITAL
The book contains the complete Project Development lot
GCSE slows
Contents: Features - First Steps in Project Building;
- ELECTRON! Building with Vero, Project Development for GCSE;
Getting your Projects Working, Guide to Printed Circuit
Boards, Choosing and Using Test Equipment - The
Multimeter, The Oscilloscope. P S U s. Logic Probes,
ELECTRONICS TEACH -IN 88/69 - Ioniser Bat Detector. Acoustic Probe, Mainstester and Fuse Digital Frequency Meters. Signal Generators. etc; Date
INTRODUCING MICROPROCESSORS Finder. Light Rider (Lapel Badge, Disco Lights. Chaser
-
- Circuit Symbols, Component Codes. Resistors; Iden-
Mike Toole', BA (published by Everyday Light). Musical Doorbell. Function Generator Tilt Alarm. tifying Components. Capacitors. Actually Doing It -
Electronics) 10W Audio Amplifier. EE Buccaneer Induction Balance Understanding the Circuit Diagram. Component Codes,
A complete course that can lead successful readers to the Metal Detector, BBC Midi Interface. Variable Bench Power Mounting circuit boards and controls. Understanding
award of a City and Guilds Certificate in Introductory Supply. Pet Scare., Audio Signal Generator Capacitors; Projects - Lie Detector. Personal Stereo
Microprocessors (726/303) The book contains every-
thing you need to know including lull details on register-
128 pages (A4 size) INE=121 02.46 Amplifier; Digital Experimentsr's Unit Quizmaster. Siren
Effects Unit; UV Exposure Unit Low-cost Capacitance
ing for assessment, etc Meter. Personal Radio
Sections cover Microcomputer Systems. Micro proces- ELECTRONICS TEACH -IN No 3 EXPLORING -
88 pages (A4 size) 111=111111EINI C2.96
sors. Memories. Input. Output, Interlacing and Program- ELECTRONICS (published by Everyday Electronics)
ming There are various practical assignments and eight Owen Bishop
Data Pages covering the most popular microprocessor Another EE value for money publication aimed at students of EVERDAY ELECTRONICS DATA BOOK
chips electronics The course is designed to explain the workings Mike Tooley BA
An excellent introduction to the subject even for those of electronic components and circuits by involving the reader (published by EE on association with PC
who do not wish to take the City and Guilds assessment in experimenting with them The book does not contain Publishing)
80 pages (A4 size) Len=ifigial C2.45 masses of theory or formulae but straightforward explana-
tions and circuits to build and experiment with
This book is an invaluable source of information of
everyday relevance in the world of electronics It con-
Exploring Electronics contains more than 25 useful tains not only sections which deal with the essential
ELECTRONIC PROJECTS BOOK 1 projects, assumes no previous knowledge of electronics and theory of electronic circuits, but it also deals with a wide
Published by Everyday Electronics in association with is split into 28 easily digestible sections range of practical electronic applications.
Magenta Electronics. 88 pages (A4 size) 1011111.111111M C2.45 It is ideal for the hobbyist, student. technician and
Contains twenty of the best protects from previous issues of engineer The information is presented in the form of a
EE each backed with a kit of components The projects are ELECTRONICS TEACH -IN No. 4 basic electronic recipe book with numerous examples
Seashell Sea Synthesiser EE Treasure Hunter. Mini Strobe INTRODUCING DIGITAL ELECTRONICS (published showing how theory can be put into practice using a
Digital Capacitance Meter, Three Channel Sound to Light. by Everyday Electronics) range of commonly available "industry standard" com-
BBC 16K sideways Ram. Simple Short Wave Radio, Insula- Michael J Cockcroft ponents and devices.
tion Tester. Stepper Motor interface. Eprom Eraser, 200MHz Although this book is primarily a City & Guilds Introductory A must for everyone involved in electronics'
Digital Frequency Meter. Infra Red Alarm EE Equaliser level course (726/301). approximately 80% of the informa- 256 pages Un=ffilura F8.96

r-A=5t-1,1-1 1.3(QX$OX sl_511\Y/LICI

The books listed have been selected by Everyday Electronics editorial staff as being of special interest to
everyone involved in electronics and computing. They are supplied by mail order direct to your door. Full
ordering details are given on the last book page. For another selection of hooks see next month's issue
TEST practical biastedious and higher
ow
EQUIPMENTLECTRONIC HAND- SI A mathematics have been avoided
BOOK where possible and many tables
Steve Money (plus a very few inexpensive components in some cases) have been included
The principles of operation of the various types of test Some useful quick check methods are also covered The book is divided into six basic sections Units and
instrument are explained in simple terms with a minimum While a multimeter is supremely versatile, it does have Constants. Direct current Circuits. Passive Components.
of mathematical analysis The book covers analogue and its limitations The simple add ons described in chapter 2 Alternating -current Circuits. Networks and Theorems.
digital meters. bridges. oscilloscopes signal generators, extended the capabilities of a multimeter to make it even Measurements
counters, timers and frequency measurement The practi- more useful The add -ons described include an active r f 256 pages 1111111111=11111 E3.96
cal uses of the instruments are also examined probe. a high resistance probe. an a c sensitivity booster.
Everything from Audio oscillators. through R. C & L and a current tracer unit
measurements (and a whole lot more) to Waveform Gen- 84 pages 02.96
erators and testing Zeners A truly comprehensive book for 11111111111Mgall PRACTICAL DIGITAL ELECTRONICS
the hobbyist. student technician and engineer HANDBOOK
206 pages E8.96 THE ILLUSTRATED DICTIONARY OF Mike Tooley (Published in association with
ELECTRONICS -4th EDITION Everyday Electronics)
Rufus P. Turner and Stan Gibilisco The vast majority of modern electronic systems rely
HOW TO TEST ALMOST EVERYTHING With more than 27.000 terms used in electronics today, heavily on the application of digital electronics, and the
ELECTRONIC - 2nd EDITION this collection is THE most comprehensive dictionary Practical Digital Electronics Handbook arms to provide
Jack Darr and Dolton T. Horn available Including all practical electronics and computer readers with a practically based introduction to this
Describes electronic tests and measurements - how to terms, it is as up -to date as the latest advances in the field subject The book will prove invaluable to anyone
make them with all kinds of test equipment, and how to itself' Tables and data on subjects most often consulted for involved with the design, manufacture or servicing of
interpret the results New sections in this edition include projects and experiments are included Other conversion digital circuitry as well as to those wishing to update
logic probes frequency counters. capacitance meters, and tables include English, metric and metric 'English con. their knowledge of modern digital devices and tech-
more (An American book I versions for units of energy. power and volume, and niques Contents Introduction to integrated circuits.
basic logic gates monostable and bistable devices.
190 pages liall=111161 C9.06 Fahrenheit Celsius temperature conversion charts
timers, microprocessors, memories input and output
Setting this edition apart from other electronic dic- devices, interfaces. microprocessor buses Appendix 1
tionaries is its emphasis on illustration Featuring more Data Appendix 2 Digital test gear projects, tools and
GETTING THE MOST FROM YOUR MULTIMETER than complete definitions this fourth edition includes over
R. A. Penfold test equipment. regulated bench power supply, logic
450 detailed drawings and diagrams probe. logic pulser, versatile pulse generator, digital
This book is primarily aimed at beginners and those of
limited experience of electronics. Chapter covers the
1
All entries are listed in alphabetical order Abbreviations IC tester, current tracer, audio logic tracer, RS -232C
and initials are listed in sequence with whole words All breakout box. versatile digital counter/frequency meter

tj3r==
basics of analogue and digital multimeters. discussing the
relative merits and the limitations of the two types In terms of more than one word are treated as one word (An Appendix 3 The oscilloscope" Appendix 4 Suggested
Chapter 2 various methods of component checking are American book I reading Appendix 5 Further study
described, including tests for transistors. thyristors. resis- 648 pages 208 pages Len=ladiag 06.95
tors. capacitors and diodes Circuit testing is covered in
Chapter 3. with subjects such as voltage current and
continuity checks being discussed ELECTRONICS - A -MADE SIMPLE" BOOK ELECTRONICS -BUILD AND LEARN
In the main little or no previous knowledge or experience G. H. Olsen R. A. Penfold
is assumed Using these simple component and circuit This book provides excellent background reading for our The first chapter gives full constructional details of a cir.
Introducing Digital Electronics series and will be of interest cuit demonstrator unit that is used in subsequent chapters
testing techniques the reader should be able to confidently
tackle servicing of most electronic projects to everyone studying electronics The subject is simply ex- to introduce common electronic components - resistors
E2.96 plained and well illustrated and the book assumes only a capacitors. transformers diodes, transistors, thyristors lets
96 pages
very basic knowledge of electricity and op amps Later chapters go on to describe how these
330 pages C4.96 components are built up into useful circuits, oscillators
MORE ADVANCED USES OF THE MULTIMETER multivibrators bistables and logic circuits
R. A. Penfold At every stage in the book there are practical tests and
This book is primarily intended as a follow-up to BP239. PRACTICAL ELECTRONICS CALCULATIONS AND experiments that you can carry out on the demonstrator
(see above), and should also be of value to anyone who FORMULAE unit to investigate the points described and to help you
already understands the basics of voltage testing and F. A. Wilson. C.G.I.A.. C.Eng.. F.I.E.E.. F.I.E.R.E., F.B.I.M. understand the principles involved. You will soon be able
simple component testing By using the techniques des- Bridges the gap between complicated technical theory. to go on to more complex circuits and tackle fault finding
cribed in chapter 1 you can test and analyse the perfor-
mance of a range of components with lust a multimeter
and -cut-and-tried- methods which may bring success in
design but leave the experimenter unfulfilled. A strong
=IMO
Imicpaallgyeisn other circuits you build
f5.95

62 Everyday Electronics, January 1992

 AUDIO AND MUSIC
LOUDSPEAKERS FOR MUSICIANS
Vivian Capel
MEM INTRODUCTION TO DIGITAL AUDIO
(Second Edition)
understand If you want to go beyond using the factory
presets or the random poking of buttons this is the book
This book contains all that a working musician needs to Ian Sinclair for you
know about loudspeakers, the different types. how they Digital recording methods hese existed for many years It covers the principles of modern synthesis linear
work, the most suitable for different instruments. for and have become familiar to the professional recording arithmetic as used by Roland phase distortion (Casio).
cabaret work and for vocals It gives tips on constructing engineer, but the compact disc (CD) was the first device Yamaha's frequency modulation. and sampling and
cabinets, wiring up. when and where to use wadding, and to bring digital audio methods into the home. The next then describes how the instruments are adjusted to
when not to what fittings are available finishing. how to step is the appearance of digital audio tape (DAT) equi- produce various types of sound - strings, brass percus-
ensure they travel well how to connect multi -speaker pment sion, etc. The theoretical side of synthesis is treated in an
arrays and much more All this development has involved methods and cir- easy to understand way - the technical information
Ten practical enclosure designs with plans and com- cuits that are totally alien to the technician or keen being restricted to what you need to know to use your
ments are given in the last chapter. but by the time you've amateur who has previously worked with audio circuits instrument effectively
read that far you should be able to design your own! The principles and practices of digital audio owe little or 768 papas 111.11=MINIE £6.96
164 pages C3.96 nothing to the traditional linear circuits of the past, and
111.11=1.1111111 are much more comprehensible to today's computer en.
gineer than the older generation of audio engineers AUDIO
MAKE MONEY FROM HOME RECORDING This book is intended to bridge the gap of understand- F. A. Wilson. C. G. I. A.. C.Eng.. F.I E.E.. FIER E.
Clive Brooks ing for the technician and enthusiast The principles F.B.I.M.
Now that you ve spent a fortune on all that recording gear, and methods are explained, but the mathematical back- Analysis of the sound wave and an explanation of acousto
MIDI and all. wouldn't it be nice to get some of it back? ground and theory is avoided. other than to state the end cal quantities prepare the way. These are followed by a
Well here the book to show you how product study of the mechanism of hearing and examination of the
It's packed with money making ideas any one of which 118 pages pirniviormigiski f 6 95 various sounds we hear A look at room acoustics with
a subsequent chapter on microphones and loudspeakers
will recoup the price of the book many times over Whether
you have a fully fledged recording studio at home. or just then sets the scene for the main chapter on audio systems
a couple of stereo cassette recorders and a microphone, SYNTHESIZERS FOR MUSICIANS amplifiers. oscillators. disc and magnetic recording and
you'll be able to put the ideas in this book into practice and R A Penfold electronic music
make money Modern synthesizers ere extremely complex but they 320 pages £3.96
105 pages 103111=garj C6.96 mostly work on principles that are not too difficult to

CIRCUITS AND DESIGN

REMOTE CONTROL HANDBOOK
Owen Bishop
Remote control systems lend themselves to a modular
approach This makes it possible for a wide range of
systems, from the simplest to the most complex, to be Loudspeakers
built up from a number of relatively simple modules. tor Iliregloto
The author has tried to ensure that. as far as possible, Musicians
the circuit modules in this book are compatible with #taeldboo*
one another. They can be linked together in many dif-
ferent configurations to produce remote control systems
tailored to switch a table lamp on and oft. or to operate
an industrial robot. this book should provide the circuit
you require
226 pages igniErRailitga £3.96

COIL DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION MANUAL

B B Babani
A complete book for the home constructor on "how to
make' RF. IF audio and power coils. chokes and trans
formers Practically every possible type is discussed and from simple signal conditioners and filters to com- OPTOELECTRONICS CIRCUITS MANUAL
calculations necessary are given and explained in detail plex graphic equalizers stereo amplifier systems, and R. M. Marston
Although this book is now rather old with the exception of echo/reverb delay line systems etc A useful single -volume guide to the optoelectronics
torroids and pulse transformers little has changed in coil
design since it was written
168 pages igEM=agal C12.95 device user specifically aimed at the practical design
engineer. technician, and the experimenter. as well as
96 pages LUZUMISERIM £2.60 the electronics student and amateur It deals with the
HOW TO DESIGN ELECTRONIC PROJECTS subject in an easy -to -read, down to earth. and non -
R. A. Penfold mathematical yet comprehensive manner, explaining the
30 SOLDERLESS BREADBOARD PROJECTS - The aim of this book is to help the reader to put together basic principles and characteristics of the best known
BOOK 1 projects from standard circuit blocks with a minimum of devices and presenting the reader with many practical
R. A. Penfold trial and error. but without resorting to any advanced applications and over 200 circuits Most of the i c s and
Each rxorect, which is designed to be built on a Vero- mathematics Hints on designing circuit blocks to meet other devices used are inexpensive and readily available
bloc- breadboard. is presented in a similar fashion with a your special requirements are also provided types. with universally recognised type numbers
brief circuit description circuit diagram component layout 128 pages f2.25 182 pages £12.96
diagram components list and notes on construction and
use where necessary Whenever possible. the components
used are common to several projects hence with only a 60 CIRCUITS USING GERMANIUM SILICON AND POPULAR ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS - BOOK 1
modest number of reasonably inexpensive components, it ZENER DIODES POPULAR ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS - BOOK 2
is possible to build in turn, every project shown Recom- R N Soar R. A. Penfold
mended by BICC -Vero Contains 50 interesting and useful circuits and applica- Each book provides a wide range of designs for
160 pages 11=11181WM 02.95 tions. covering many different branches of electronics. electronic enthusiasts who are capable of producing
using one of the most simple and inexpensive of com- working projects from just a circuit diagram without the
ponents the diode Includes the use of germanium and aid of detailed constiiii i,,ition Any special
BOOK 2 silicon signal diodes, silicon rectifier diodes and Zener setting -up procedures
All projects use CMOS i c s but the items on component er CO f 2 96
160 pages =MN f2 25
identification etc are not repeated from Book 1
diodes, etc
64 pages MMIIMagial C1 95
BOOK 1 60 pages
BOOK 2 160 pages order code BP98 E2 96

DESIGNING WITH LINEAR ICs CMOS CIRCUITS MANUAL

ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS HANDBOOK G. C. Loveday R. M Marston
Michael Tooley BA A book that deals with the design of the vital area of Written for the professional enyineer student or en-
This book aims to explode two popular misconceptions analog circuitry covering design with modern linear in- thusiast It describes the basic principles and charac-
concerning the design of electronic circuits that only tegrated circuit devices The first chapter introduces the teristics of these devices and includes over 200 circuits.
those with many years of experience should undertake reader to important design techniques, test strategies, All the circuits have been designed, built and fully
circuit design and that the process relies on an under- layout, and protection and also includes a section on the evaluated by the author all use inexpensive and interna-
standing of advanced mathematics Provided one is not use of a typical CAD tool There are separate chapters tionally available devices
too ambitious. neither of these popularly held beliefs is that cover in depth the use of op -amps comparators and 187 pages E12.96
true timers each with detailed design examples and reader
Specifically. this book aims to provide the reader with exercises A final chapter brings all the previous work
a unique collection of practical working circuits to- together in a number of complete design problems with
gether with supporting information so that circuits can fully worked solutions The text is essentially non -math-
be produced in the shortest possible time and without
recourse to theoretical texts
ematical and is sir
64 pages
ted by many diagrams
Special Price £6.96
Note - our postage charge
Furthermore. information has been included so that the
circuits can readily be modified and extended by readers to is the same for one book or
meet their own individual needs Related Circuits have TIMER/GENERATOR CIRCUITS MANUAL
been grouped together and cross referenced within the
text (and also in the index) so that readers are aware of
R. M. Marston
This manual is concerned mainly with waveform gener-
one hundred books!
which circuits can be readily connected together to form ator techniques and circuits Waveform generators are
more complex systems As far as possible. a common range used somewhere or other in most types of electronic
of supply voltages signal levels and impedances has been equipment, and thus form one of the most widely used
adopted classes of circuit They may be designed to produce
As a bonus, ten test gear projects have been included outputs with sine, square, triangle ramp pulse. stair-
These not only serve to illustrate the techniques described case or a variety of other forms The generators may
but also provide a range of test equipment which is useful produce modulated or unmodulated outputs, and the
in its own right outputs may be of single or multiple form
277 pages MERIMIEMII C16.95 Waveform generator circuits may be built using tran-
sistors. op -amps, standard digital ICs. or dedicated
waveform or -function" generator ICs
AUDIO IC CIRCUITS MANUAL The manual is divided into eleven chapters. and
R. M. Marston presents over 300 practical circuits diagrams and tables
A vast range of audio and audio -associated r c s are The subjects covered include Basic principles. Sine
readily available for use by amateur and professional wave generators. Square wave generators. Pulse gener-
design engineers and technicians This manual is a guide ator circuits, -Timer IC ' generator circuits, Triangle
to the most popular and useful of these devices, with and sawtooth generators. Multi -waveform generation,
over 240 diagrams It deals with i c s such as low Waveform synthesizer ICs. Special waveform generators.
frequency linear amplifiers, dual pre -amplifiers, audio Phaselocked loop circuits Miscellaneous -555 cir.
power amplifiers, charge coupled device delay lines, cults
bar -graph display drivers, and power supply regulators. 267 pages £12.96
and shows how to use these devices in circuits ranging

Everyday Electronics, January 1992

 PROJECT CONSTRUCTION
HOW TO DESIGN AND MAKE YOUR OWN P.C.B.s ELECTRONIC SCIENCE PROJECTS magazines and boos includes examples in the form
R A Penfold 0. Bishop of simple projects
Deals with the simple methods of copying printed circuit
board designs from magazines and books and covers
These projects range in complexity from a simple colour
temperature meter to an infra -red laser There are novelties
112 pages tall=ratia Et%
all aspects of simple p c b construction including such as an electronic clock regulated by a resonating
photographic methods and designing your own pc bs spring. and an oscilloscope with solid -state display There TEST EQUIPMENT CONSTRUCTION
80 pages Lent=agta £2.50 are scientific measuring instruments such as a pH meter
and an electrocardiometer All projects have a strong
R A Penfold
This book describes in detail how to construct some simple
scientific flavour The way they work and how to build and inexpensive but extremely useful pieces of test equip.
HOW TO GET YOUR ELECTRONIC PROJECTS and use them are fully explained ment Stripboard layouts are provided for all designs to-
WORKING 144 pages E2.95 gether with wiring diagrams where appropriate. plus notes
R. A Penfold on construction and use
We have all built projects only to find that they did not The following designs are included AF Generator.
work correctly or at all when first switched on The aim BEGINNER'S GUIDE TO BUILDING ELECTRONICS Capacitance Meter, Test Bench Amplifier. AF Frequency
of this book is to help the reader overcome just these PROJECTS Meter. Audio Millivoltmeter. Analogue Probe, High Resis-
problems by indicating how and where to start looking for R A Penfold tance Voltmeter. CMOS Probe. Transistor Tester. TTL
many of the common faults that can occur when building Shows the complete beginner how to tackle the practi- Probe The designs are suitable for both newcomers and
up protects cal side of electronics so that he or she can confidently more experienced hobbyists
96 pages 13111=Mffitilliti1 f 2 50 build the electronic projects that are regularly featured in 104 pages DMZESZBEffa E296

DATA AND COMPONENT IDENTIFICATION

CHART OF RADIO, ELECTRONIC. INTERNATIONAL TRANSISTOR EQUIVALENTS
SEMICONDUCTOR AND LOGIC SYMBOLS GUIDE
LOGIC SYMBOLS M. H Banani B.Sc.(Eng ) A Michaels
SEMICONDUCTOR h Illustrates the common. and many of the not -so -common. Helps the reader to find possible substitutes for a
LECTRONIC,

LA. ' - Li)

radio electronic semiconductor and logic symbols that
are used in books, magazines and instruction manuals,
etc in most countries throughout the world
Chart E0.95
popular selection of European American and Japanese
transistors Also shows material type, polarity manufac
turer and use
320 pages DIMMOMIndaja E3.95
-0- ,

RADIO, TV, SATELLITE

SETTING UPAN AMATEUR RADIO STATION AN INTRODUCTION TO RADIO DXING worked with simple tools, encouraging the trial -and -error
I D. Poole R. A. Penfold philosophy which leads to innovation and discovery
The aim of this book is to give guidance on the decisions Anyone can switch on a short wave receiver and play with Although primarily a practical book with text closely
which have to be made when setting up any amateur radio the controls until they pick up something but to find a supported by diagrams some formulae which can be used
or short wave listening station Often the experience which particular station, country or type of broadcast and to by straightforward substitution and some simple graphs
is needed is learned by ones mistakes, however, this can receive it as clearly as possible requires a little more skill have also been included
be expensive To help overcome this. guidance is given on and knowledge The object of this book is to help the 72 pages INEZIEZEritia (3.50
many aspects of setting up and running an efficient sta- reader to do just that. which in essence is the fascinating
tion It then proceeds to the steps that need to be taken in hobby of radio ()Xing NEWNES SHORTWAVE LISTENING
gaining a full transmitting licence 112 pages NEMIMMUMMILI E1.95 HANDBOOK
Topics covered include The equipment that is needed. Joe Pritchard Gl UOW
Setting up the shack. Which aerials to use, Methods of EXPERIMENTAL ANTENNA TOPICS Part One covers the science side of the subject. going from
construction. Preparing for the licence H. C. Wright a few simple electrical first principles through a brief treat-
An essential addition to the library of all those taking Although nearly a century has passed since Marconi s first ment or radio transmission methods to simple receivers The
their first steps in amateur radio demonstration of radio communication there is still re- emphasis is on practical receiver designs and how to build
86 pages idn=larag £3.95 search and experiment to be carried out in the field of
antenna design and behaviour
and modify them. with several circuits in the book
Part Two covers the use of sets. what can be heard.
BEGINNER'S GUIDE TO RADIO - 9th EDITION The aim of the experimenter will be to make a the various bands, propagation, identification of stations.
Gordon J King measurement or confirm a principle and this can be done sources of information OSLing of stations and listening
Radio signals, transmitters receiver& antennas corn with relatively fragile short -life apparatus Because of this to amateurs Some computer techniques. such as com-
ponents valves and semiconductors. CB and amateur devices described in this book make liberal use of puter morse decoding and radio teletype decoding are also
radio
266 pages 1111111111111R1,11 i0:1 £6.95
cardboard cooking foil. plastic bottles cat food tins etc
These materials are in general cheap to obtain and easily
covered
224 pages =MU £14.95

COMPUTING
SERVICING PERSONAL COMPUTERS - The subjects covered include PC overview, Memory machine code is assumed Topics covered are
2nd EDITION upgrades Adding a hard disk drive, Adding a floppy disk assembly language and assemblers, the register set
Mike Tooley BA drive. Display adaptors and monitors. Fitting a maths and memory binary and hexadecimal numbering
The revised and enlarged second edition contains a new co -processor. Keyboards. Ports, Mice and digitisers. systems addressing modes and the instruction set.
chapter on the IBM PC AT TX and compatibles It is es- Maintenance (including preventative maintenance) and and also mixing machine code with BASIC Some
sential for anyone concerned with the maintenance of per. Repairs. and the increasingly popular subject ofd i y PCs simple programming examples are given for
sonal computer equipment or peripherals whether profes 156 pages watinmisund E4.95 6502 -based
°RIC -1 'Atmos,
home computers like the VIC-20.
Electron. BBC and also the
sional service technician student or enthusiast
240 pages (Hard coverOMMEMBLUE E25 Commodore 64
AN INTRODUCTION TO PROGRAMMING THE BBC 112 pages Faimmaanuarii £2.96
MODEL B MICRO
HOW TO EXPAND. MODERNISE AND REPAIR PCs R A & J. W Penfold
AND COMPATIBLES Written for readers wanting to learn more about program- The PRE -BASIC BOOK
R A Penfold ming and how to make best use of the incredibly powerful F. A Wilson. C.G.I.A.. C.ENG.. F.I.E.E..
Not only are PC and compatible computers very expan- model B's versatile features Most aspects of the BBC F.I.E.R.E.. F.B.I.M.
dable but before long most users actually wish to take Micro are covered, the omissions being where little could Another book on BASIC but with a difference
This
advantage of that expandability and start upgrading their usefully be added to the information provided by the one does not skip through the whole of the
PC systems Some aspects of PC upgrading can be a bit manufacturers own manual subject and thereby leave many would-be pro-
confusing, but this book provides advice and guidance on 144 pages razialingagilM (1.96 grammers floundering but instead concentrates on
the popular forms of internal PC expansion, and should introducing the technique by looking in depth at the
help to make things reasonably straightforward and pain- most frequently used and more easily understood
less Little knowledge of computing is assumed The only AN INTRODUCTION TO 6502 MACHINE CODE computer instructions For all new and potential micro
assumption is that you can operate, a standard PC of some
kind (PC. PC XT. PC AT. or a 80386 based PC).
R. A &J W Penfold
No previous knowledge of microprocessors or
users
192 pages 11=ilarjj f2 95

DIRECT BOOK SERVICE

ORDERING DETAILS
Please state the title and order code clearly, RECT BOOK SERVICE, 33 GRAVEL HILL, WIM-
print your name and address and add the re- BORNE, DORSET BH21 1 RW (mail order only).
quired postage to the total order. Although books are normally sent within seven days
Add 75p to your total order for postage and packing of receipt of your order, please allow a maximum of 28
(overseas readers add £1.50 for countries in Europe, days for delivery. Overseas readers allow extra time for
or add £2.50 for all countries outside Europe, surface surface mail post.
mail postage) and send a PO, cheque, international Please check price and availability (see latest issue of
money order (£ sterling only) made payable to Direct Everyday Electronics) before ordering from old lists.
Book Service or credit card details (including card Note - our postage charge is the same for one
expiry date), Visa or Mastercard (Access) - minimum book or one hundred books!
credit card order is £5 - quoting your name and ad-
dress, the order code and quantities required to DI- MORE BOOKS NEXT MONTH
DIRECT BOOK SERVICE IS A DIVISION OF WIMBORNE PUBLISHING LTD.

64 Everyday Electronics, January 1992

 Oil Happy Memories
TRANSFORMERS FROM 4116 1.00
150ns pulls 256x9 SIMM 8Ons 11.50
4164 100ns 1.45 256x9 SIPP 8Ons 12.00
41256 120ns 1.40 6264 100ns LP 1.95
41256 100ns 1.55 62256 100ns LP 2.95
41256 8Ons 1.65 2764 250ns 1.85
41464 100ns 2.20 27128 250ns 2.25
3.95 27256 250ns 2.45
The UK Distributor for 414256 8Ons
411000 8Ons 3.95 27C256 250ns 2.45
Standard Toroidal Transformers 1Megx9 SIMM 8Ons 33.50 27512 250ns
27C512 250ns
3.45
3.75
1Megx9 SIPP 8Ons 35.50
106 types available from stock Diskdrives
Motherboards
Sizes from 15VA to 625VA 80286 Upto 4Mb RAM EMS on board 5'/4" 1 2Mb Floppy
3'/s" 1 44Mb Floppy
£47
£44
12MHz £66 16MHz £83 20MHz £99
ss-
50386SX 16MHz £155 20MHz £175 51/4" Frame for floppy £5
$0386DX 25MHz £295 40Mb 28Ms 31/2" IDE £149
STEEL DISHED 80386DX 33MHz Cache £399 90Mb 19Ms 31/2" IDE £259
WASHER £299
106Mb 19Ms 31/2" IDE
Odds 211Mb 15Ms 31/2" IDE £499
OUTER 120Mb Internal Tape Streamer £215
INSUL ATION
102 Key Tactile Keyboard £29.50 Cards
3 Button opto-mech mouse £16.95 16bit controller 2xFDD
NEOPRENE
WASH E RS Video and 2 x IDE HDD £18.00
£49.50 With Serial, Parallel &
SECONDARY
WINDING 16bit VGA 256K 800x600
16bit VGA 1Mb 1024x768x255 £79.50 Games port on board £29.00
£12.95 8bit Ser, Par & games £12.95
I N SU I AT ION
COR E Hercules I printer card
PRIMARY Paper White TTL 14" Monitor £79.50 Cases
WINDING £110 Fliptop 200W £75.00
END CAPS VGA Paper White
VGA Colour 1024x768 with 2yrs Smart Desktop 200W £87.50
Write or phone for free Data Pack on -site warranty £275 Tower Case 220W £169
Carriage on Motherboards, Floppy drives & Keyboards £5, Video
& Controller cards £3, Hard disks, Cases & Monitors £10, IC's
free if over £15 nett, otherwise add 50p. VAT to be added to total.
Jaytee Electronic Services Full list of IC's, computers and computer parts on request.
143 Reculver Road, Beltinge, Herne Bay, Kent CT6 6PL Happy Memories. FREEPOST,
Telephone: (0227) 375254 VISA Kington, Herefordshire HR5 3BR
Tel (054 422) 618 Fax (054 422) 628

HILLS COMPONENTS
established since 1973 ELECTRONIC KITS & MODULES
can offer the FOR HOBBYISTS ELECTRONICS ENTHUSIASTS
trade a selection of nearly EDUCATIONAL ESTABLISHMENTS ETC.
4,000 product lines covering
Build your own
the following ranges
Geiger-Meuller Indicator, Metal Detector,
Aerials & Accessories Stereo Amplifier, Digital Combination Lock, or
Batteries & Accessories any of the many otfier kits available for numerous applications
Cables & Accessories
Computer Accessories Each kit comes in component form with easy to follow instructions for assembly
Connectors (all types)
Electronic kits/Modules OVER 100 KITS TO CHOOSE FROM
Filters/Fuses
Hardware/Fixings Some of the popular kits include
Headphones/Intercoms
Connecting leads (all types) * Antenna Amplifiers * Lie Detectors * Alarm Systems & Monitors
Microphones
Multimeters
* Infra -Red Light Barriers * Sirens - Kojak-Warship-FBI-Ships-Space
Passive Componerts * Micro -Wave Indicators * Radios & Receivers * Electronic Barking Dog
PC Boards * Lighting Consoles * Amplifiers (up to 200w) Car Aerial Amplifiers
R
ers PLUS MANY MANY MORE
witches
Service Aids Call us now for details of your local Stockist
Soldering Equipment
Telephones & Accessories
Transformers HILLS COMPONENTS LTD
Units 5 &6
TRADE ENQUIRIES ONLY Melinite Industrial Estate
Please phone or write quoting your
company name & address for a
Brixton Road, Watford
copy of our 1991 catalogue Herts WD2 5SL
TRADE ONLY 0923 52000

h5
Everyday Electronics, January 1992
 PROJECT TITLE Order Code Cost
Intercom (Teach -In '91 Project 2) JAN 91 719 £441

PCB SERVICE MARChone-Injr3'91

Analogic Test Probe

Teach -In '91 Part 3 - TBA820M Amplifier723

720
1
£3.24

£4 05
Printed circuit boards for certain constructional projects are available from High Quality Power Amp 724 E4 93
the PCB Service, see list. These are fabricated in glass fibre, and are fully Bench Amplifier (Teach -In '91 Project 3) 725 £4 45
drilled and roller tinned. All prices include VAT and postage and packing, Gingernut 80m Receiver
Add £1 per board for airmail outside of Europe Remittances should be sent R.F section (726), Voltage Regulator (727) 726,7/8 E306
to The PCB Service. Everyday Electronics, 6 Church Street, Wim- Audio Amplifier (728) per board
borne, Dorset BH21 1JH. Cheques should be crossed and made payable all 3 together £8.16
to Everyday Electromcs (Payment in £ sterling only). ocket one Dialler MAR 91 .
NOTE: While 95% of our boards are now held in stock and are dispatched within Battery To Mains Inverter 730 E4.97
seven days of receipt of order, please allow a maximum of 28 clays for delivery - Simple Basic Alarm 731 £4.50
overseas readers allow extra if ordered by surface mail. Please check price in the Car Code Lock (pair) 732a/b E4 69
latest issue. Teach -In '91 Part 4 - Sinusoidal Oscillator 733 E4 39
Boards can only be supplied on a payment with order basis 8038 Oscillator 734 £4.15
We do have older boards in stock - please enquire. Waveform Generator (Teach -In '91 Project 4) 735 £4.72
PROJECT TITLE Order Code Cost Humidity Tester APR 91 716 £4.97
Spectrum EPROM Programmer JUN'89 . . £ :7 Model Train Controller (double -sided) 736 E9 75
Bat Detector 647 £4.95 Electronic Die (Teach -In '91 Project 5) 737 £4.93
Teach -In '91 Part 5 -Digital Counter Module 738 £4.35
Electronic pint Level AUG'89 .4* £ .:5
Distance Recorder 651 £5.23 v odular . isco Lighting ystem MAY'91
Switched Power Output Module 739 £5 91
Power Supplies- Fixed Voltage SE P'89 654 £4.08
Digital LCD Thermostat -Control Board} £5 for pair 740 £4.05
Variable Voltage 655 £4.48 -Power/Relay Board 741 £3 76
Music on Hold OCT'89 646 £3.85 Pulse Generator (Teach -In '91 Project 6) 742 £4 97
Power Supplies - 25V 700mA 656 E4.35 Teach -In '91 Part 6- Timer Module 743 £4 62
30V 1A 657 £4 55 Dialogue Car Tachometer JUN 91 744 £5.63
EE Seismograph - Control 658 £4.08 Modular Disco Lights - Simple Chaser 745 £500
Detector 659 f4 22 Sweeper Module 746 £5.17
Lego/Logo & Spectrum 660 £6 49 Automatic Light Control - PSU Board 747 £4,88
Wash Pro NOV'89 643 £3.83 Logic Board 748 E5.17
Biofeedback Monitor- Front End 661 £4.52 Radio Receiver (Teach -In '91 Project 7) 749 £4.57
Processor
Teach -In '91 Part 7 - R F. Amplifier Module 750 £4.23
662 £4.56
Logo/Lego & Spectrum Interface 664 £5.60 Modular Disco Lights - Masterlink JULY 91 752 £6.36
Ultrasonic Proximity Meter
EEG Electrode Impedance Meter DEC'89 665 E3.98 Display Unit (753) & Sensor Unit (754) 753/754 £7.06
Biofeedback Signal Generator JAN'90 666 £4 08 Disco Lights (Teach -In '91 Project 8)
Quick Cap Tester FEB'90 668 E3.92 PSU and Pre -amplifier 755 £4.54
Weather Station Low, Mid, High Filter/Triac (set of 3 boards) 756 £11 00
Anemometer - Freq /Volt Board 670 £3.94 Teach -In '91 Part 8 -Solid State Switch Module 757 £4.24
Optional Display 669 £3.73 Mod. Disco Lights - Pattern Gen AUG'91 760 £6.79
Wind Direction 673/674 £4.22 Teach -In '91 Part 8 -Light Sensitive Switch 761 £4.74
System Power Supply 675 £3.59 Opto- Link (Teach -In '91 Project 9) - Transmitter 762 £4.85
Receiver 763 £4.88
Prophet In -Car Ioniser 676 £3.18
Portable PEsT Scarer 764 £3.77
EE Weather Station MAR'90 Capacitance Meter SE P'91 751 £5.17
Display Driver 672 & 678 £4.22 Modular Disco Lights - Dimmer Interface 765 £8.17
Display and Sensor 671 £4 47
Mod Disco Lights OCT'91
Fermostat Mkt 677 £4 28 VU Sound Module (Double -sided) 767 £868
Superhet Broadcast Receiver UV Exposure Unit 768 £463
Tuner/Amp 679/680 £4.22 PC -Scope Interface - Main Board 769 £6.95
Stereo Noise Generator APR'90 681 £4.24 Expansion Plug (Double -sided) 770 £5.96
Digital Experimenter's Unit - Pulse Generator 682 £4.46 Mod Disco Lights NOV'91
Power Supply 683 £3.66 Superchaser (Double -sided) 771 £6.91
Enlarger Timer 684 £4.28 Supersweep (Double -sided) 772 £8 26
EE Weather Station Bicycle Alarm 773 £5 01
Rainfall/Sunlight Display 685 £4.27 Darts Scorer 774 £7.90
Rainfall Sen and Sunlight Sen 686/687 E4.16 Knockerbox DEC 91 7

Amstrad Speech Synthesiser MAY 90 689 £4.68 Signal Generator - Main Board 776 £7.46
PSU 777 £4,73
80 Metre Direct Conversion Radio JUN'90 691 £4.95 Mind Machine - Main Board 778 E7.00
Mains Appliance Remote Control Auto Nightlight 779 £5 03
Infra -Red Transmitter 692/693 £4.75 ind Machine- Programmer Board JAN 92 :I
Mains Appliance Remote Control JUL'90 Transistor Checker 781 £4.63
Encoder Board A 694 £6.61 Stepping Motor Driver/Interface 782 £10.39
Encoder Board B 695 £4.78 Micro -Sense Alarm 783 £5 42
The Tester 696 £4.15
Mains Appliance Remote Control
Mains ON/OFF Decoder
AUG'90
697 £4.55
r ................._._ a Mb A .N.
BOARD SERVICE
(5 or more 697's ordered together13 25 each) mu
Simple Metronome 698
Order Code Project Quantity Price 1-1
£3.94
01
Hand Tally SEP.90
Main Board (double -sided) and Display Board 699. 700 £10 95 0l
Alarm Bell Time -Out
Mains Appliance Remote Control
701 £4.10
Name oi
DI
Temperature Controller (p.c.b. only) 702 E5.20
Ghost Waker OCT 90 703 E4.32 1 Address -11
Frequency Meter 704 £5.25 1

Freq. Meter/Tachometer NOV'90 705 f3,98

I
EE Musketeer (TV/Video/Audio) 706 £5.78
Colour Changing Christmas Lights DEC 90 707 £4.39
Microcontroller Light Sequencer 708/709 £10.90
I enclose payment of f (c(chew/PO in E sterling only 1111
payable to Everyday
ry Electronics) Access (MasterCard) or Visa No
Versatile Bench Power Supply Unit 710 £4.24 Minimum order for credit cards £5 D1II
Teach -In '91, Part 1 -L200 Module 711 £3.93 Cl,'
Dual Output Module 712 E4.13 ml
1
LM723 Module 713 £4.21
I I
Spatial Power Display JAN 91
Amstrad PCW Sound Generator 715 £5.03 I I
Teach -In '91, Part 2 -G P Transistor Amp 717 £3.77 1
Signature Card Ex. Date
Dual Op Amp Module 718 0,83 Please silly name and addess of card -holder if different from the address shown

66 Everyday Electronics. January 1992

NEW FROM HIGH -0 NEW DISCO KITS
SWITCHABLE 3-4 CHANNEL
LIGHTING CONTROLLER.
30VELLEMAN KITS With beatchase and speed
controls.
Added To Our Range PCB - Components Kit £21.00
Hardware + punched
NOW "130" KITS AVAILABLE case kit with label etc £12.00

For all Electronic Enthusiasts MULTICHASE 4 CHANNEL

LIGHTING CONTROLLER
Sole UK Importers Trade Enquiries contact below
With chase select, beatchase
NEW KITS INCLUDE: CODELOCK
and speed controls.
PCB + Components kit £26.00

Mr=
CAR ACCESSORIES

SUPPLIES
DIMMERS
HOUSEHOLD APPLICATIONS
COUNTERS

SENSORS
Hardware + punched
case kit with label etc

COMPUTER CHASE 4
£13.00

POWER CHANNEL LIGHTING

AUDIO CONTROLLER.
DIGITAL CONTROLLED
PREAMPLIFIER With sound chase/sound to
TIMERS
COMMUNICATIONS light automatic audio level.
3 superb programs including
1 -CHANNEL INFRA -RED RECEIVER
ALARMS over 20 different chases.
PCB Components Kit £35.00
LIGHT -EFFECTS COMPUTER INTERFACE Hardware + punched
MEASURING DEVICES case kit with label etc £15.00
GADGETS All Hardware Kits include Bulgin 8 way socket, mains lead, mains
15 -CHANNEL INFRA -RED TRANSMITTER
switch, Y." audio jack socket, cable restraint, feet and all fixings.
All Pr ces Include VAT. P&P only £1 .50 per order
For 1991 Catalogue & Price List, please sent 75p (UK)
or £2.00 (Overseas) to: into! ir 111Al 11
.
lir
HIGH -Q -ELECTRONICS Mill ttiiiii tit !Him

98 School St eet, Wolverhampton, West Midlands WV3 ON R.

iiiit 1;;;;.:

VISA P.O. BOX 142, Hatfield, Herts AL9 7JH Tel: (0902) 23275
Tel: 0707 263562 Fax: 0707 276746

PCB & SCHEMATIC CAD DIGITAL SIMULATION ANALOGUE SIMULATION SMITH CHART CAD

EASY -PC £98 PULSAR £195 ANALYSER III £195 Z -MATCH II £195
.,,,, --.1).----.. r;:=,-_-_,_-_,---
I ...
r...
in.
-
--- --.....:-- --
-,l,,1-1.-".., --
-:_,..-...- -- = - - 4.:: ''' -
, ...... . ...... a.* iiim_..............,
.V1,%I.ro5=L....*
.....,..
a...a....
...... In, w....40,.. ioeol,A........-jr,
'A 3,94

. 16" .:, 4, ogi..

en "
CI3
IC3
.ori
I NM

3111
----__ ' \Thl
ghl:..41%. 4N114e1Pril,
1.11111Z1.7.- Z. l''''- .tid
111..."At:F.--c.4.ATT&7
.. "
. '''
...
M. r.,q- \I
1
OlaV)"fee
I 101114,WW., ', ."
...... ....",....._..
0 0. al 4 trl-
C.;;.. E.
on
331.0 .M. 4111141Wita".avf,f," , .......,

7-61 I* mon 4011-""..6.1. r IN =

Design Single sided, Double At last! A full featured Digital NEW powerful ANALYSER III 4 -MATCH II takes the
sided and Multilayer boards. Circuit Simulator for less has full graphical output. drudgery out of RF matching
than £1000! problems and Includes many
Provides Surface Mount Handles R's,L's,C's, BJT's, more ea
ftu es than the
support. Pulsar allows you to test your FET's, OP -amp's, Tapped and standard Smith Chart.
Standard output includes logic designs without the untapped Transformers, and Provides uick accurate
Dot Matrix / Laser / Inkjet need for expensive test Microstrip.and Co -axial solutions to many matching
printers, Pen Plotters equipment. Transmission Lines. problems using transmission
Photo -plotters and NC Drill. Catch glitches down to a pico Calculates Input and Output line transformers, stubs,
Award Winning EASY -PC is second per week! Impedances, Gain and Group discrete components etc.etc..
In use In over 9000 Includes 4000 Series CMOS Delay. Supplied with comprehensive
installations in 50 Countries and 74LS Libraries. Covers 0.001 Hz to >10GHz user instructions including
World -Wide. Runs on many worked examples.
*Runs on
Runs on PC/XT/AT/286/386 PC/XT/AT/286/386/486 with PC/XT/AT/286/386/486 with 5 Runs on PC/XT/AT/386/486,
with Herc, CGA, EGA, VGA. EGA or VGA. Hard disk EGA or VGA. CGA,EGA,VGA
Superbly Easy to use. recommended. Not Copy protected. Not Copy Protected
Not Copy Protected. Not Copy protected.
For full info' Phone, Fax or
Write to:
Number One Systems Ltd.
The Electronics CAD Specialists
1 Technical support free
for life!

REF: EVD, HARDING WAY, SOMERSHAM ROAD, ST.IVES, HUNTINGDON, CAMBS, PE17 4WR, ENGLAND.
Telephone: 0480 61778 (7 lines) Fax: 0480 494042 International: +44-480-61778 Fax: +44-480-494042
ACCESS. AMEX, MASTERCARD, VISA Welcome.

Everyday Electronics, January 1992 67

EVERYDAY CLASSIFIED N. R. BARDWELL LTD (EE)
200 Signal diodes 1N4148 Cl 00'
75 Rectifier Diodes 1N4001 El 00

ELE
The prepaid rate for semi -display space is f8 ( - VAT) per single column centimetre (minimum 2 5cm) The
75 Rectifier Diodes 1N4003
50
56
10
5
8
8
Rectifier Diodes 1N4007
Rectifier Diodes 1N6401
NE555 Timer i C s
7410p Amp i c
C10601 400V 6 amp thyristors
BFY51 Transistors
C100
El 00
C1 00
£1 .00
0100
El 00
C1 00
30 SC478 Transistors . £100
prepaid rate for classified adverts is 30p ( VAT1 rd (minimum 12 words) 30 MPSA92 Transistors El 00
25 Asstd high brightness I a d s Et 00
All cheques. postal orders, etc., to be made payauic to Everyday Electronics. VAT must be added. 50 Axial I e d s (Diode package) wide angle red C1 00
Advertisements, together with remittance, should be sent to the Classified Advertisement Dept., Everyday 50 Rectangular red I e d s C1.00
Electronics, 6 Church Street, Wimborne, Dorset BH21 1 JH. Tel (0202) 881749. 20 Miniature axial I e d s super bright red C1.00
24 Miniature red I ads 3mm dia 01.00
12 Asstd seven segment display. £1.00
4 43" Com anode seven segment displays £1.00
lop 22NF 100V radial film capacitor._ C1.00
100 33NF 50V radial him capacitors.. £1 00

SERVICE Cooke International

200 Aimed disc ceramic capacitors
80 4U7 16V Radial electrolytics
75 4U7 63V Radial electrolytic.
80 rOUF 18V Radial electrolytic.
0100
El 00
El 00
El 00

MANUALS
50 10UF 50V Radial electrolytic. El 00
80 22UF 25V Radial electrolytic. El 00
We stock used test equipment. scopes. sig. Bens.. 60 334F 16V Radial electrolytic. Cl 00
DVM s. oscillators, etc in large quantities 80 47UF 18V Radial electroiytics C1 00
We can now otter a copy service for workshop 50 47UF 50V Radial eisretroiyties El 00
Available for most equipment. TV, 80 1000F 10V Radial elefrolyncs Et 00
manuals for many instruments Please ask for 50 220UF 18V Radial electrolytics Ct 00
Video, Audio. Test, Amateur Radio, details Send SAE for lists 60 470UF 1011 Radial electrolytic. Cl 00
Military Surplus, Kitchen, etc. Any Contact. Cooke International, Unit 4,
40
30
1000UF 10V Radial electrolytic.
Asstd. IF transformers
C1 00
Ft 00
Video Recorder, Video Camera or Fordingbridge Site, Main Road, Barnham, 48 Asstd coil formers
100 Asstd RF chokes
El 00
El 00
Oscilloscope Manual 05.00 Bognor Regis. West Sussex P022 OEB 30 Asstd dii sockets up to 40 pin
Asorted sockOconnsredge-dil-si I -etc
C I 00
(subject to stock) Open Mon -Fri 9am-5pm or phone 30 El 00
20 1 inch Otass reed switches El 00
All other Manuals £10.00 0243 545111 - Fax 0243 542457 10 4P 3W MBB min rotary switches
20 Min SP/CO slide switches
El 00
CI 00
(subject to stock). 20 Magnetic ear pipe plus load & plug CI 00
State Make and Model required with order. Peltier effect heat pump.. ....... .. CI 95

ON-LINE VIDEO
1

1 10 wart Stereo amplifier, 4 controls plus data E2 95

Over 100,000 manuals available for 1 lOrrim Fleshing led red
tOmm Ultra bright I e d. red 300 MCD
CO 75
00 .60
equipment from 1930's to the present.
1

ELECTRONICS FOR THE HOBBYIST is a 90 Prices include VAT. postage Om Stamp for Lists
Circuit sections supplied on full size minute video -cassette using computer -graphic 288 Abbeydale Road, Sheffield S7 1FL
sheets up to Al size (33" x 24") if simulations to enable the hobbyist or student to Phone (0742) 552886. Fax (0742) 500689
understand the way in which common electronic
applicable. Originals or photostats components work and is available directly from
supplied as available. us at only £19 95 inc. P&P
FREE Repair and Data Guide Other titles available. S A.E.for list. Allow 14 days Miscellaneous
Catalogue with all orders or for delivery. Send Cheques/P.O. payable to' KITS, PLANS, ETC for surveillance. protection
send SAE for your copy today On -Line Video Marketing (Dept EV-2) (sonic. NV). "007' gear. Send 2 x 22p stamps for
The Cottage, Tredown Farm, Bradstone, list. ACE(EE), 53 Woodland Way. Burntwood,
Milton Abbot, Tavistock. Devon PI_19 OOT
MAURITRON (EE) Staffs.
G.C.S.E. ELECTRONICS KITS at pocket
8 Cherry Tree Road, Chinnor, money prices. S.A.E. for FREE catalogue.
Oxfordshire OX9 40Y RCS VARIABLE VOLTAGE D C BENCH POWER SUPPLY
SIR -KIT ELECTRONICS. 70 Oxford Road,
Tel: (0844) 51694 Clacton C015 3TE.
Fax: (0844) 52554 'ant ,era i-gs 0.eivael proles -hoe
PROTOTYPE PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARDS
liii 4 I £45
Foy Hoe,
OPlaatat kora VAT one offs and quantities, for details send s.a.e.
240V a c Post and
Ocia.paci Unit
insurance E4
to B.M.A. Circuits, 38 Poynings Drive, Sussex
Size41.5,. s 3.r
BTEC ELECTRONICS NEW MODEL. up to 38volts d c at 6 amps 10 Ohba peak Fulls ..eariie BN3 8G R. or phone Brighton 720203.
Tarn panel mows Sao 14% A 11 a 4'sin CSC nc VAT Cart C6 OSCILLOSCOPE SCII0 10MHz Sinclair bat-
TECHNICIAN RADIO COMPONENT SPECIALISTS teryor PSU, single trace, £60. Thandar
FULL-TIME TRAINING =337 WHITEHORSE ROAD. CROYDON PFM-200-A frequency counter £60. Phone 0267
SURREY, U.K Tel 081-6841665 290363.
THOSE ELIGIBLE CAN APPLY FORE T GRANT SUPPORT list large SAE Otslowes 7 dors Cailers welcome Closed Wednesday HUNDREDS of unusual items cheap! Send 90p
AN EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES PROGRAMME
(coins stamps) for interesting samples and list.
O.N.C., O.N.D. and H.N.C. Grimsby Electronics. Lambert Road, Grimsby.
RESISTORS & CAPACITORS UNUSUAL KITS, bat detectors, brain wave
Next course commences stimulators, microtransmitters, etc. For list send
Monday 6th January 1992 Top quality components at SAE to P. Cartwright. 10 Charlotte Rd, Edgbas-
FULL PROSPECTUS FROM VERY SPECIAL PRICES!!! ton, Birmingham I315 2NQ.
SAE for lists and Order Form WANTED. Circuit diagram for soundlab car
LONDON ELECTRONICS COLLEGE M. Colter, Grantham House amplifier model KB 907. Will pay good money as
(Dept EE) 20 PENYWERN ROAD Grantham Bank, Barcombe urgentl!, required. Tel 0933 665128.
EARLS COURT. LONDON SW5 9SU East Sussex BN8 5DJ RS232 Serial comms, professional software.
TEL: 071-373 8721 COM IO V1.1. for IBM PC com ports. Very easy
to use, C. 8086, source code functions for byte,
PCB CAD USERS string, block, buffered. interrupt driven 1,0.
Artwork transparencies produced from Manual. Demos, utilities. £25 per package.
NEW VHF MICROTRANSMITTER KIT your printouts or files Richard, Micro SciTech Ltd 0252 625439.
Tuneable 80.135MHz 500 metre range, sensitive OSCILLOSCOPE, Hameg HM1005. 100MHz,
electret microphone, high quality PCB Superb quality
SPECIAL OFFER complete kit ONLY £5.95 still with I year warranty, £700. RS UV exposure
Assembled and ready to use f9.95 post free. SAE for details and FREE sample box £45, Weller solder station £35. 0993 705877.
Access. Visa orders telephone 021 411 1821
Send 2.1st class stamps for Cataiogue Cheques P 0 s pavane to
SB Electronics Services TURN your hobby into a business using the
QUANTEK ELECTRONICS LTD 10 Peacock Crescent Home Enterprise Package. For details send SAE
Kits Dept. (EE). 45a Station Road Clifton Estate, Nottingham NG1 1 8EP to H.E.P.. 53 Greystoke Avenue, Sandyford,
Northfield. Birmingham B31 3TE Tel 0602 841831 Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE2 I PN.
TRANSMITTER circuit diagrams - FM.
Medium. Shortwave, CB -- Full instructions.
Quantity 1-99 100-499
Special offers for unusual sizes minimum seventeen circuits. Cheques 'PO's £4.25
AA (HP7) 500mAH CO 99 00 .77 VAT
AA 500mAH solder tags El 55 00 .95 VAT
only while stocks last. Please to: D. Davies, 33 Gwaelodygarth. Merthyr
AA 70OrnAH high capacity El 95 01.20+ VAT check availability before ordering. Tydfil, CF47 8YU, UK.
C (HP11). 1 2AH 02.20 El 69 + VAT Quantity 1-99 100-499 CHEMILUMINESCENT lightsticks - fascinat-
C 2AH with solder tags C3 60 02 25* VAT
F cell 7AH 32 x 87mrn with flat top E3 95 C2 80 a VAT ing chemical lightsource. Nine 4" sticks sent for
F call with solder tags C430 E3 00 VAT
D (HP2) 1 2AH C2 60 C1 96* VAT Cellular telephone battery
£9.99 (red. blue or green). Lilco Ltd. 23 Mid-
D 4AH with solder tags C4 95 03 59 + VAT 42mm long a 16mm dia Et 45 CO 95 VAT dlewood Park. Livingston, EH54 8AZ
Stick o14 171 a 16 dia with 150mm
PP3 8.4V 110mAH £4.95 £3.85 a VAT red 8 black leads £595 C4.00 + VAT
Sub C with solder tags 1 2AI-I £2.50 £1.70 + VAT THE BRITISH AMATEUR ELECTRONICS CLUB
4 cell battery 94 x 25mm 4 8V E3 50 £2.30 + VAT
1/2 AA with solder tags C1 55 C1 17+ VAT All 1 to 99 prices include VAT exists to help electronics enthusiasts by
01.15 VAT Please add 95p postage & packing per order personal contact and through a quarterly

J PG Electronics
AAA (HP16) 180mAH E1 75
Newsletter For details. write to the Chairman.
Mr H. F. Howard, 41 Thingwall Park
276-278 Chatsworth Road, Chesterfield S40 2BH Fishpond, Bristol BS16 2AJ
Access & Visa orders tel: (0246) 211202 Space donated Oy Everyday Electronics

68 Everyday Electronics, January 1992

 Technical Information Services MAKE YOUR INTERESTS PAY!
Over the past WO years more than 9 minion students tnroughout the wood nave found
76 CHURCH STREET, IARKIIALL, IANARKSHIRE, MLR IIIE it worth their while. An ICS name -study course can heir, you get a better lob make more
Tel. (0698) 884585 Mon -Fri 8.30am - 5.00pm money and have more fun out of life, ICS has over 90 years experience in home -study
Tel. (0698) 883334 Ortwith business hours courses and is Me largest corresoondence school in the world You learn at your own
VISA Dace. When and where you want under the guidance of expert personal tutors Find out
A%k FAX facility ayalloble MI day on both linos
Write now with an SAE for your
111111ME how we can help YOU Post or phone today for your PIM MPORMATiON PACK on the
COurse of your choice (Tick one box onNO
FREE QUOTE FREE VOUCHERS & FREE CATALOGUE NM Mt =I Mr IM MIMI In I= MN Ml MI NI MN
a Electronics TV video a
Rarnambat, not only do wa how EVERY sMc shswt oven produced, HrF ServiCing E1
but we also hey. Basic Electronic Refrigeration I
a Engineering (City S Guilds) Air Conditioning
THE WORLDS LARGEST COLLECTION OF Electrial Engineering Caf Mechanics

SERVICE MANUALS I
EleCtrical Contracting/
Installation
Computer
Programming
CCU CC, / ICI over 40 examination subjects TO choose from
A WE ARE SOLE SUPPLIERS OF VARIOUS PAULI FINDING, GUIDES
REPAIR MANUALS A TECHNICAL MANUALS
Addres
IN
cry, Video, CD, Cameorder, Satellites, Cowymtem, Donmstle .Me

lel for the serious elecbiclan' ICS,erseerni Cowen:era Smote DWI ECS12 swsu Snit Latcn %whale.
DATA REFERENCE MANUAL .._ aeprve lot 5439568 or 041 221 2626 (24 but)
FREE updating and 10% discotird voucher only (5.03
Inoorporetes Unique Model Identoicannn and Chaste Dela AM ENNIMM==== NM =I in MI Mi in MO I= ON Mb,

WE BUY MANUFACTURER'S SURPLUS STOCK HENCE

THESE LOW PRICES FOR PRIME COMPONENTS RRifE
PAPST FAN 12V DC IW BOrnm7 32non deep
ETRI FAN 240V 14W - 12Ornrn? 3/3inni doh/
fa 50
C850
11 00
MENDASCOPE LTD
RELAY - SIEMENS 12V 2 polo cio Low Profile Gold contact. high ratably
MAINS FILTER Button or smiler quality. make/1 E C /3A 250V 11 80
THERMAL PRINTER PAPER Rolls 80rnin wide 25m long
Bo. o140 rolls
11 00
123 00 REPAIR & RECALIBRATE
B ARGAIN PACKS - Appro 3 lbo of quafity NEW mixed components No wbbishi We dui mainly
in bulk to the trade All smaller city pots go .n the pecks regardless of value
HEAT SHRINK TUBING - Pack oppro 15. 16 inch lengths Different diameters Si colours
£7 00
13 00
OSCILLOSCOPES
HARDWARE PACKS - Sane &Jelin 11 quantity as the packs we do at all the main radio rallies
nun 6 boits.E360 small wit tapping screws. £3.50 ring I spade comp terminals insulated
3M STICKY PROTECTIVE FEET grey rubber - sheet of 56
(3 60
13 00 ALL MAKES AND MODELS
COPPER CLAD P.C. BOARD - double Wed 18" 105- sheet easy to cut on thin and
12 00
fle.,ble fibre glass
R ESETA LE COUNTERS 6 dot panel mount me catalogue data. 12V DC
TA -XI CMOS SAFE CONTINUITY PROSE - detects & locates short crown
E8.011 240V AC £6 00 NATIONWIDE COLLECTION
with wrable audio tone. easy to use S T C price 122 00
Needs PP3 battery (mate if (gouged)
Our Pots £1 00
CO BO & DELIVERY
EPROMS (Es Equprnenu 2764 [1.00 27128 11130 27256 11.10. 27512 £2.00
'13* TYPE CONNECTOR. 9 way PORS 110p. 25 way Me or mkt go. 37 row rag WIISS e1.30
S U LOIN PANEL MOUNT LAMPHOLDERS (6 6V or 12V bulb) to of 3. red wenn arse preen [3.00
FER F PACK Small cores etc appeox 200 meow -
IEC MAINS LEAD (Simla, to kettle lead but for computers etc)
only 63.00
[ZOO
FREE ESTIMATES
POSTAL CHARGES Orders CI to 110 - Mu. 120 - L4 03 LARGER ORDERS RING FOR CARRIAGE COST
PLEASE ADD 17%% VAT TO TOTAL COST INCLUSIVE OF POSTAL CHARGES
Llangollen. Clwyd. N. Wales LL20 7PB
PHON RICH ELECTRONICS FAX
0222 83 1547
Dept. E.E. The Warehouse. Windsor Place. Senghenydd.
Mid-Glam.S Wales CF8 2GD
0222 830022
PHONE: 069 172 597
MISCELLANEOUS P.S.U.'s,
ITEMS TRANSFORMERS,
IF AN COMPONENTS
Camera mums. 35mm Auto
Flash/ minor faults £6.00 ea PC PS U 50 watt 115-230V input
'ADVERT IS WRONG, or 2 for
D oclaphone cassette rivachirscord was
£10.00 4A + 12V 2.5A output with built in fan
IEC inlet on off £9.95 ea
playback heads. ISV solenoid. motor, hall STC P S U 240V input 5V 6A output
WII0 PUTS IT RIGHT? effect switch.
T V./Primo Minds
[2.00 ea'
£3.96 ea
(converts to 12V 3A details
available)
240V input 5V 10A output (converts to
f5 95 ea
Bicc-Vero Emissive 12V 5A no details) £6 95 et
We do. The Advertising Standards Authority ensures construction kit £4.86 ea 6000 line output transformers C1.26ea
advertisements meet with the strict Code of Advertising Pract I( (.
TTL/CMOS short circuit snooper C4.95 240V in 0-12V 0.75A out
So it you question an advertiser, they have to transformer £1.75.
ELM fa*
.

Dot matrix LCD 1042 lines. 240V in 0-28V 62VA out translormer. 02.75
answer to us. Dot matrix LCD 16 x 1 lines Transformer + PCB gives 247.5V 32VA
lb And out more about the ASA, please write to with Data £4.95' with slit for 5 or 12V regulator, will power
2 Mgr, 16 segment VF dig* floppy drive 1E3.75 ea
Advertising Standards Authority. with data £2.96 sa
Ultrasonic transducers (transmit +
Department X. Brook House. receive)) £1 .50 psi/
4 digit ,ntellvent &daunted** C11.00
3 to 16V Piezoelectric sounders 60p
lbrrington Place. London WCI F: 711N. 17 segment V F deploy with 9VDC electromechanical sounder 50p:
ASA driver board and data
8 drgit liquid crystal display
(2 99 ea'
11 75 es
24V DC electromechanical sounder
2A 250V keyswitch 3 position key
removable in two positions
50p
f1 50
Thls space Is donated In the Interests oT Mak standards IN adterthrewents. 4 digit LCD with 7211 driver chi. C3 50 ea DI L switches PCB MT 3/4/6 way 35p*
Digital clock display C2 50° 5V SPCO SI L reed relay 40p
11 key membrane keypad (1 50 ea 5V 2PCO DIL miniature relay 80p
12V 2PCO or 4PCO continental relay 80p*
Keyboard 392nvo .160mm/100
SHERWOOD ELECTRONICS keys on board + LCD +
12V 10A PCB MT (to make contact)
relay 95p
45 Rutland Street, Mansfield, Notts NG18 4AP 74HC05/80C49 easily removable 14 95 3 to 12V electro magnetic acoustic
transducer with data_ 75p
tl Seeds! Padre - Now even belie, value. Soled 1 pock FRET ler awry 10 purchased 19' 3U sub rack enclosures f8 95
12V stepper motor, 48 stops per ley
2 4576/8 8329/21.10 MHz crystals
SP1 15 5rnm Red Lads SP311 25 it 47u1/25V radial caps 150p ea
SP2 15 5mm Green Lode SP39 12 470 tit/16V radial cape 7 3° step en* 13 95 sa Bridges 25A 200V f 1 00.
SP3 12 5mm Yellow Lads SP42 200 x Weed 0 25W C Film roosters Stepper molar board with 2 UMW 24 100V 50p
3mm Red Lads 5P44 12 5mm Leds-4 ea Red. Orn Yel
SP6 15
SP46 20 x 400mW zener diodes opto 2 mercury bh switches. C3-1116 es. 3Ib Mixed components pack f4.95
SP10 100 a 1144148 Modes 50 Mixed terminal blocks 12.91
1144001 diode* SP48 15 it Axial Cape 1000 mixed IS watt 1% resistors. £4.111121
SPII 30
250otf 16/22/24/40 way IC Skts f4 95
SP12 30 1144002 diodes SP102 20 8 pin OIL sockets 250 electrolyic axial o mow caps.
15 14 pin OIL socks% £4.96 100 off Phono plugs
SP18 20 BC162 transistors SP103
SP19 20 EIC183 transistors SP104 15 a 16 pm D1L sockets 100 Mixed trimmer caps popular values.. r4.95 (red/black /grey) f3 50
SP20 20 BC1R4 transistors SP105 6 s 74LS00 50 on MC 78M12CT Volt Reps £2 95
20 BC549 transistors SP106 6 74LS02 QUANTITY DISCOUNTS AVAILABL E
SP23
SP24 6 Circa 4001 SP110 5 s 74LS13 20 off WO2M Volt Regs f 1 50 PLEASE RING
SP25 S 555 timers SP112 6 Crone 4093 Cable box UHF modulator/video
SP26 S 741 Op -amps SP113 12 1N5400 diodes prearnpitransformer/R's + Cs/leads f6 95
6 Cowie 4011 SP119 6 it Cmos 4072
SP28
SP29 4 Cmos 4013 SP121 6 s Elect Red Leda 5 it 2mm 1000 oh mixed Mulfilayer
SP31 5 Cmos 4071 SP122 9 Rem Oren Lads 5 it 2mrn Ceramic Caps 17 95
SP33 Crnos 4061 SP123 5 Rect Yellow Lads 5 a 2rnm
5
Assorted ceramic disc caps Solar cell modules 0 45V 700rnA 12 95 ea
SP36 25 10L4/25V radial caps SP124 20
SP37 20 1000/35V radial cape SP125 00 . 1000s4il6V radial caps 8 B C Micro to disc drive lead £1 50. Dept EE, COMPELEC,
All new and full spec. components Car Burglar alarm vibration auto 14 Constable Road
entry exit delay f 5 95 ea
1992 Catalogue now available C1 Contains vouchers redeemable against orders Single zone Wren panel step
St. Ives, Huntingdon,
Please add fl P&P to all orders ends/exit daisy housed in Canlbs PE17 6EQ
Chequers or P.O.to NO VAT
domestic light socket f9.95 ea Tel .Fax: 0480 300819
SHERWOOD ELECTRONICS
Everyday Electronics, January 1992 69
 CAMBRIDGE COMPUTER SCIENCE LIMITED
35 720K Diskette Drives E29 00 each
10MByte Winchesters used. 3 months Wry
5 25 Disk Drives. 80 Tk. DSDO
E35 00 each
E25.00 each
AF WAVEFORM GENERATOR
5 25 Disk Drives. 80 Tk. DSDO. used. No Wty , E15 DO drives sold on strictly as is basis 015.00 each
5 25 Disks. DSDO. Ong. boxes of 10 (free disk cleaner with 5 boxes, C3.00/box KIT ONLY
Lockable diskette boxes for 80' 35 or 100'5 25 (state which) £3.99 each
Small sued diskette boxes ilockablel
Printer stands (suit 80/132 cots)
Digital muttimeter. 14 ranges inc leads & manual
Apricot Disk drive PSU
40'35 C4.7S, 50' 5 25 04.99
Basic £2.99, or with paper catcher 010.99
t111.00 each
£10.00 each
£29.95
5v at 6A PSU £4.110 each
(L39.95 BUILT & TESTED)
5v at 10A PSU 1e.410 each The major drawback for the
Ni Cads AA C0.10, C £1.99, DC2.09, PPS £4.911 universal charger ES.99 each
Disk Drive Data lead BBC micro to Disk Drives) Mole £2.00 Dual 04.00 each electronics enthusiast IS the high cost
Disk Drive Power lead B8C Micro to Disk Drivels, MM. £2.00 Otol 14.00 each of test gear. This is the first in a series
74LS TTL pick and mix buy 10 or more for 10.12 inch of low cost instruments designed to
Types available 00 02'04 08 10'11 12 13 14 15 20 21 26 27 30 32 35'37 38 42 '74 83 85 make test gear more affordable to the
8696107100122125132136158159145151153157158180162163164165 enthusiast.
174 191 193 240 253 257 260 298 353 365 366 373 385 390 399 670 682
27128 EPROMS (Ex equipment) 01.20 sell Or ES 00 S * SINE SQUARE TRIANGLE
256K Byte DRAM Modules removed from equipment E11.00 each
6264-128K Byte SRAM E3.90 each * FREQUENCY RANGE 20Hz-ItikHz
62256 10 32K8yte SRAM LS.00 each * OUTPUT SIGNAL VOLTAGE 0-10V p -p
65256 32K Byte rams E4.00 each
8K Byte NV ram chips 13.00 each E10.00 four * POWERED BY TWO PP3 BATTERIES (Not supplied)
Range of Aluminium 8. plastic protect boxes (ask for list,
Prices Include postage Add SOp (pus VAT to orders below ES 00 All items new unless stated Just add 1:1.50 P&P and send cash. cheque or P.O. to: -
Add 175% VAT to an prices Send an SAE for our latest list or for more info
Dept EE, 374 Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 1 SU KM ELECTRONICS
Tel: 0223 424602, 0831 430496 or 0831 430552 unease note mall Order only) 54 Moorside Road. Kirkheaton. Huddersfield (1135 OLP. Tel: (3484) 545914

C_SIM Electronic Circuit Simulation & Analysis Software

C_SIM Is a circuit analysis & simulation environment for smell computers.
LOW COST UHF RADIO SWITCHING
You can check for loop stability, frequency response or distortions in cir- AS USED BY THE PROFESSIONAL SECURITY MARKET
cuits before actually building anything, leading to 'right first time. designs
and lower development costs It features Incorporating the latest Surface Acoustic Ways technology, the system con-
sists of a small "zero -power-. UHF transmitter with digital encoder and a
* Easy to use graphical user interface UHF receiver unit with digital decoder and 3 relay outputs. 2 alternate and 1
* Editor for creation arid viewing of circuit descriptions and simulation results momentary.
* Graph plotting program to plot simulation results up to 4 traces per graph. with full cursor
measurement system
8 -way DIL switches on both boards set the unique security code Many
* Analogue circuit simulator utilising a subset of the industry standard SPICE 2 simulator applications including lighting, alarms, the --automatic home". etc.
language. handling all passive components. BJTs. diodes. dependent and independent
sources and performing OC. AC and transient analysis Size Tx 45 x 30mm Rx 55 x 65mm
* A preprocessor which handles subcircuit hierarchies and library files of subcircuits Supply Tx 3-12V Rx 5-12V
Range Up to 200m
C_SIM is constantly undergoing development Forthcoming updates include an expression
evaluator for passing parameters IC subcircuits. and defining component values by formulae Complete System (2 kits) £29.99
C_SIM is available for the ATARI ST. COMMODORE AMIGA. and IBM PCs and compatibles and
comes complete with a ring bound manual The PC version requires 512Kb RAM minimum the Individual Transmitter £15.99
ATARI ST,AMIGA versions rectire 1Mb RAM and 1Mb disk minimum All versions run with hard
disk if present and are not copy protected The price is E59 95 incl pAp for all platforms The IBM Individual Receiver £19.99
version comes on bOth 3 5 and 5 25 inch floppies Please allow 28 days for delivery
Order now by post direct from Cheques/POs to'

Akula Systems, 49 'Jason Grove, Mutley, Plymouth PL4 7DL

using cheque or postal order Allow up to 28 days for delivery Inquiries welcome Alternatively
order your elerrienelreflon for only E14 95 inci part -redeemable when purchasing full system
BLB Electronics
This features a fully functional. but cut down system (limited number of nodes A parameters) with 341 Darwen Road, Bromley Cross, Bolton BL7 9BY
manual on disk and printed COrnrnang summary

Carbon Film resistors ZW 5% E24 series 0 51 R to 10M0

100 off per value - 75p even hundreds per value totalling 1000
Metal Film resistors 'AW 105 to 1 MO 5% El 2 series - 2p 1% E24 series
Mixed metal/carbon film resistors :41Ar E24 series 150 to 10M0 .
1 wan mixed metal/Carbon Film 5% E12 series 457 to 10 Megohms
Linear Carbon pre-sets 100mW and 14W 1005 to 4M7 E6 series
Miniature polyster capacitors 250V working for vertical mounting
015, 022 033, 047. 068 -4p 0 1 - 5p 0 12. 0 15. 0 22 - 6p 0 47 8p 0 68 - 8p 1 0 - 12p
Mylar (polyester) capacitors 100V working E12 series vertical mounting
1p
E6 00p
3p
1;Sp
5p
7p

NA T
0l ON A L
1000p to 8200p 3p 01 to 068 - 4p 0 1 - 5p 0 12. 0 15. 0 22 - 6p 0 47/50V - 8p
Submin ceramic plate capacitors 100V wkg vertical mountings. Ell series
2%1 8pf to 47pf - 3p 2% 56pf to 330p1 - 4p 10%390p -4700p 4p
COLLEGE 0F
T ECHNOLOG Y
Disc/plate ceramics 50V El 2 series 1 P0 to 1000P. E6 Series 1500P to 47000P 2p
Polystyrene capacitors 63V working El 2 series long axial wires
lOpf to 820pf - 4p 1000pf to 10.000pf - 5p. 12.000pf 6p
741 Op Amp - 20p 555 Timer
cmos 4001 20p 4011 22p. 4017
22p
40p
DISTANCE LEARNING COURSES
ALUMINIUM ELECTROLYTICS (Mfds/Volts)
1/50. 2 2/50.4 7/50. 10/25. 10/50
22/16. 22/25, 22/50. 47/16. 47/25, 47/50
5p
6p
The National College of Technology offer a range of
100/16. 100/25 7p, 100/5012p, 100/100 14p packaged learning short courses for study at home or in
220/16 8p. 220/25, 220/50 10p. 470/16.470/25 Ilp an industrial training environment which carry national
1000/25 25p. 1000/35. 2200/25 35p. 4700/25 70p
Submin. tantalum bead filectrolyics ( Mfds/Volte) BTEC awards. Study can commence at any time and at
0 1/35, 0 22/35, 047/35, 1 0/35, 3 3/16 4 7/18 14p any level enabling you to create a study routine to fit
2 2/35.4 7/25.4 7/35, 6.8/1615p, 10/16, 22/8 20p
33/10. 47/6. 22/16 30p. 47/10 35p, 47/16 60p; 47/35 80p around existing commitments. Courses on offer include:
VOLTAGE REGULATORS
1A -i- or - 5V. 8V. 12V, 1 5V. 18V & 24V - 55p. 100mA. 5.8, 12, 15, V + 30p Analogue Electronics
DIODES (piv/amps)
75/25mA 1N4148 2p 800/1A 1N4006 4141, 400/3A 1N5404 14p 115/15rnA 0A91 8p Digital Electronics
100/1A 1N4002 3%p 1000/14 1N4007 5p 60/1 5A SI M1 5p. 100/1A bridge
400 141N40044p 1250/1ABY12710p. 30/15A 0A47
25p
10p
Fibre/Optoelectronics
Zeller diodes E24 series 3V3 to 33V 400mW - Bp. 1 wan 12p Programmable Logic Controllers
Battery snaps for PP3 - 6p for PP9 12p
LED 's 3mm & 5mm Red, Green. Yellow - 109. Grommets 3nvn - 2p 5mm
Red flashing L E D's require 9-12V supply only
2p Tutor support and BTEC certification are available as
50p
Mains indicator neons with 220k resistor 10p options with no travelling or college attendance re-
20mm fuses 100mA to 5A 0 blow 5p A/surge 10p. Holden. chassis, mounting
High speed pc drill 0 8. 1 0, 1 3, 1 5, 2 Omm 30p. Machines 12V dc
6p
E7 00
quired. These very popular courses which are ideal for
HELPING HANDS 6 ball loints and 2 croc clips to hold awkward jobs E3 50p vocational training contain workbooks, audio cassette
AA/HP7 Nicad rechargeable cells 90p each. Universal charger unit CE. 50p lecturettes, PCB's, instruments, tools, components and
Glass reed switches with single pole make contacts - 8p. Magnets 12p
0 1" Stripboard 2W x 1' 9 rows 25 holes - 259. Ivi a 25fi" 24 rows 37 holes 70p leads as necessary to support the theoretical and
Jack plugs 2 5 & 3 5m 14p practical training. Whether you are a newcomer to
Sockets Panel Mtg 2 5 & 3 5m 10p
TRANSISTORS electronics or have some experience and simply need
BC107/8/9 12p BC547/8/9 8p BC557/8/9 - 8p. 8C182. 182L. BO 83, 183L.
BC184, 184L. 80212. 212L - 109
an update or certification, there is probably a distance
BC327, 337. 3371 - 12p BC727. 737 - 12p 80135/6/7/8/9 - 25p. BCY70 - 15p. learning course ready for you. Write or telephone for
BEY50/51/52 - 20p
BFX88 - 15p, 2N3055 50p. TIP31 32 - 30p. TIP41. 42 - 40p. BU2084 - £1.20, BF196. 197 - 12p
details to:
Ionisers with seven year guarantee, list price E16 95 01200 National College of Technology
All prices are inclusive of VAT. Postage 30p (free own (5). Lista Free. NCT Ltd., PO Box 11
THE CR SUPPLY CO Wendover, Bucks
Tel: (0296) 624270
127 Chesterfield Rd., Sheffield S8 ORN
Tel: 0742 557771 Return posting

70 Everyday Electronics, January 1992

WE HAVE THE WIDEST CHOICE OF USED COITAL magnums - 3'1 KR
OSCILLOSCOPES IN THE COUNTRY Me105 enrages DC tamps et IC 018
02355 52 won AC X 10 Arm DcCe I TransrgT
Testr ,reCuerCt Coro etc oett OM
TE060(9 2136 Da Trate 1 DOW Cesar Santo Cower
Tener DAV IVO
TRITONS 185 Coal Tram 3501/0 Dew 500 18O IMIELAKJIR
TEICTIOO 10 Dual Trace2COMIa Deter Seen ON
501.11118001115218 OW Trace MOW DM 'core ern Meter 2206 lac eV Caren) Cass MO
&teepee Tmer ens DO i licsrypeciitelli 0(54133prof
sr65EF Dual Trace OAK Nth SAWS OM P'e MP 2613 2615 4 7630
110170166 2215 Coal Trice 60447 OM Sweep IMO ONO I It SWIM MUM
11301010 2225 Coo Trace 50a9 peir, sweep ON
130190(9 465 Coal Trace 1001190na9 Seen IN 0I9111 224 Programmane Orem Sarce 0002
Son 0150
RIPS P1.13217 Otai Nix 501114 Delay SaTeeC ON FEINOCRAN 052 ReccOr Test Set
TELEOUFVENT C63 Coal Trace 501/9 Celay Seen TIMIS PSU RUM 51:74 24. Gad WO Orata 000
NO V4 6 52A, ON two 00CoSu Mk 0501 Metered 000
TELEOUPI/ENT 63 Deferential ONO* for abcse tie FARRELL P3U H30 100930V/1MA 1750
GOAD 053(0 Dual Trxe 20160 dimed rien 2 Erctes ON FOCI PSU le 25 0404625e SKS
0000 0330DIJual Trxe 20612 ON IREQUIMAT CM CUM Tram
I1TA01 r712 Dual Trace IOW ON %0681 7'2700 Urnersal LCE Br,* Bacon from 0129 Sent! £1.50
RIO CS1022 Coal Trace 20.447 gais 1515(06 72337A Atecmalx DistcrOcn Utter 107r: ir -.7
WE 605 Coll Trate 60/8 Deily Sven on 00% E1 75 (P 0 /cheque) for your
MEG 705 WA TraCe701/2 Cesay Seen me OWN KO meters 72300 TF23018 72303 Rom 0179 EV 1992 catalogue. Includes £1 50
RAM 9915 Freq Dann 1 0 521:699 :Ws Chen MO
108111/117 A IMO -118100/1101/1111111111111 MANNESIIM Nit Pro 5 Tf POrter RS232 00 voucher spendable on orders upwards of £10
RACAL.WA Vitetartliewel Meter 502.2 111116 ONOM111111115
RACAL 9.1.10 AU Ire Data:n*95n
FAME KERR ID Veer 1210
WARS GS/Automate Corntcrent SO, 8605
Me
ONO
OM
195E1W Era 9S3
Bias koi Carving Cate
8116.+81 Carle9 CA 070
re each
00 The CATALOGUE
SURF 0E19 urnersal la Sage 8602 050 Au KIPS Sulfite iitiii SATIRES MC LEADS 120 pages. A4 Expertly presented and illustrated
NONE KEN Garment Tester 8424 075
FARNEU Swthesaed Oscar= OKI 0 OM ott 99 9910c 075 11.13E41N186a Two 011Anneter SKr Mt 1m3 307/ 010 Easily referred to Packed with valuable information
FARWELL Automat( Ltd Meter AM COO 110.60041123 AC rultretr Dui 0110147 5000830M 100V 075
11AQGGN 72008 AM 54.110nit 510464 Sq Gee DO sakmck 7015 lattemeter 15 Dot 30 Iirqesaoto6Aan tla
UNION 72015 M01810520M19 Sp Gen 407217'
YAMPA TF2015 witroX %foliose Mt 71
IOACCEN 112016 AM Fla 1004 .120/9 Sig Gen .80
CEO
018
Larw Raw of EIENO4P0,661751.0RES meat*
. 41.07115 ranous motes
Inaitee
hem 03.000 The COMPONENTS
72173 MO NEW EQUIPMENT As wide a choice as you could wish semiconductors,
WAGON 72016 rem Swarm" 77113 0175 surface mounting, opto-electronics. Rs & Cs etc Top
WARMS TF2356 2357 Level Osc Veer 203U4 Pe car 010 nAMEGOSOLIOSCOPEHMIOC6 Tripe Trxe 100114
NP 86200 Sneer Ian Erred-130011Hr ON Delay cimitbaSe 092 quality: fairly priced
050
RACAL 901:0119:114,62 131/01504
DEIRITION 0120 entn VISAtria DOI Delay
')AEG OSOLLOSCOFE W801 Dal Trace 60165
NO
Irirerrlotatie PSU vmed run
TESTECee Viniefcrtrer %Otto, toe 5213
16104116TRNENTA7Cal %CMOS Store 10 and
OM
400
WAEG1050.105COPE ille05-7 Cori Trace 201119
Caveat Testis
iskIIK 050U0SCCPE 412053 Cul Trace 201118
ON The SUPPLIERS
Store 79 Sole OOP Cepa Stange OW Siemens. Boss. Cliff, Omeg. Lorlin, R S Uniross, etc
11141eindabadella -Menftetems...11 Spam to our top quality standards
vatted Wain Scoal Saircei Fran £300
60704 4001200/4 6056 2404: 0)005134 EOURANT illi.P A Lilts (5i
6055'60558 8S0- 21501117 6057 4 5-8 5 Gic 49011.010100/2 Carer Ten' Eano 0eno0Tme Atria
etc
Ammo 1 Oa lOttoir us 7008 tart more Vexes
OD
ON
The SERVICE
181141TS4scceurr Masse, Sntem AO 8555A a F METEOR 100 F*OUFICT GG0111-17100100 Oil Prompt, personal, with customer satisfaction
Men 10.0e ier,m enso 11E70600 FRECUEICr COUNTER 6001.60 ITU
4,40 Spectrum MAY*/ SWIM PO8554 8 f SETEOR 1 DX RECIENCi COUNTE17109 C178 guaranteed Access/Visa facilities
Rua -n 500610 .125010 elm UMW 500 FUICTION GEN 0 11-e 500138540 5810 CM
11, 140 SOKIT.Sh AruMer System .en 5553 6 F OPOICTLOult BM GENERATOR Pa iv yoto 1221
Rua-ri Int 110/4 04E0 AI oder Sao Star edaprent rotate
PScectrurn Mame, '92 ale 95588 ^ , 15001.4a
mai 0210 OSCILLOSCOPE 040BES Seale] 9' 110 FOR 0,

Used Equipment - VIM 30 days guarantee. Venue's supplied II wadable

This is VERY SMALL SAMPLE OF STOCK SAE or telephone for lists Nee. check availability Wore
ordering CARRIAGE all units C16 VAT to be adOed to total of goods and came.

OF READING
tit

Ei=0 Ake
28(A) St Jude's Road. Englefield Green, Egham, Surrey TVV20 OHB
IIIII110 WVKEHAM ROAD, READING, BERES RG6 7KSTEWART

7911: 0734 268041 Fax: 0734 361696 ...a,,e1 sse8 tele 9ans to a QpnIA014-nli (UNTIL ape Div* Phone - 0784 433603 Fax 0784 435216

T K FORPROGRAMMABLE
DISCO SEGVENCER
KITS COMPONENTS
For TV * Vol
WE CAN SUPPLY A VAST RANGE OF SPARES lot many
makes of TV. Video. Compute, 6 Audio Equipment WRITE
1Enc1 saeplease)°, PHONE
FOR A 'PRICE & AVAILABILITY'
on your requirements 0452 526883
-- ELECTRONIC LOCK VIDEO BELT KITS
AMSTRAD VC8841810070015,280 C3 19
COMPUTER SPARES
AMSTRAD/SINCLAIR EPSON
FISHER FVHP9136/036000 0293 IC 400070 Array £1966 C780104313031 CPU E30 24
NC MR3300/3330/3000 C2 79 IC 40010 G Arras £1686 HA13007 T Array C466
SANYO VTC5000/5150/5500 Cl 49 IC AY38912A CI3 32 SINCLAIR
p at ra SANYO VTC6500 C2 49
IC HA, uce C7 67 40054 ROM I 2) f 16 99
THORN 8900 to 0922 E2 79
pi iii ill IC H06845SP £15 16 4005611280/ 21 f 17 99
VIDEO PINCH ROLLERS El 70 800.4 (4801 f 7 IQ
AMSTRAD VCR450011600 Mod Kit C8 17 IC LA4140
HITACHI £5 17 IC PEGA IA £3085 78630210i1 £1046
VT11/VT13
,:.(--:: NC Above model. C5 17 IC UPC1378H £2 45 DOW (Spec I f 7 94
vC3811366/386,300 £567 IC Protector N75 Cl 55 710213 Transistor CO 28
SHARP
THORN 3V0006/ 16,22,21(24 £517 Transistor 2S01397 C4 99 710650 Transistor CO 49
Kenna truutuals Jack Set ICPC 1101 C2 07 U1.11233 Modulator £656
BINATONE 010771 £6 99 Joystick (CPC/ C6 71 Membrane IOLI C7 95
channels (up to !kW each)
11.1 '
PHILIPS 2200570070-00 £325 Service Manual Membrane (Spec *SKI C4 50
Four .,
CPC 484 (early) C8 49 Membrane ( 112610 C7 90
to drive Rope lights. Pin -spots etc '' PHILIPS KT4/040 Chassis 010 00
Service Manual Bubb,. Mat ( .112810 C1 16
(Resistive inductive loads) with 30 dif- -.../ OTNER SPARES
FERGUSON 3V23/29130132 PCW8256 8512 £1389 Speaker I 14811 C1 40
ferent eye-catching sequences Variable Reel Idler £3 56 User Manual CPC464 CIO 95 Power Skt (Spec 1 CO 86
speed and sequence change frequency This kit should make keys obsolete HITACHI VT11114/13/34/81/62/63 User Manual CPC6126 C14 25 26 way Edge Conn £340
ATARI COMMODORE
AND built in audio input Ideal for One 4 -digit code entered on the Video Head
ROF24114 Main belt
£26 10
It 40 ic co mos (XE/L) 01140 06510 CPU f 10 03
mobile or permanent displays Com- keyboard could open the door to your SHARP
TOSHIBA STU2 Mains transformer C CO29947 I XE/L E4 49 06526 CIA 01111
plete KIT (less boy) shed garage or home, or prevent CS 90 IC YM2149F (ST) C10 02 C 6589 VIC £25 63
unauthorised use of your computer. SWITCH 'Reset ISTI £1 25 06561 SID £1635
X K 141 26.95 burglar alarm or car, while more than a LEADS a CONNECToies THERIAISTOR (ST-PSIJ) CI 34 08501 CPU 01080
preset number of incorrect entries will Universal Video Lead Kit C7 40 TL4311ST-PSU1 C1 20 08520 CIA f 11 22
9 piece Scan Video Lead Kit 08 59 CNY65 IST-PSUI Ed 42 C 251641-02 PLA E3 98
sound an alarm and disable the lock for a
Don't forget our other value for few minutes. If discovered, you can AC Mains lead - 2Pin lig 6 CO 61 PC101 IST-PSUI
PC7I3V ISTE-PSUI
C4 73
C2 94
C 9015,14-01 PLA
C 901225-01 ROM
C924
C8 55
money DISCO KITS INTEGRATED CIRCUITS
change the number easily from the LM713CN £2 27 We can supply most ST-PSU C 901226-01 ROM C9 24
DLI000 8 -channel 80 programme keyboard Supply 5-15V d c Will drive TBA530 £1 14 Transistors C 901227-03 ROM 0I2 33
sequencer 46.95 TBA8IOP PHILIPS Modulator 251918-02 E18 76
D13000 3 -channel sound to light 21.95
our Latch Mechanism (701 ISO TDA103113
01 .40
ON Sere Manual 8647513 C2 99 User Manuel IC.841 f 4 25
X K124 High power strobe with 1 3.95 ) or relay directly AERIALS 11 EQUIPMENT Sery Manua, Cu8833 f 3 80 TV Lead (Also Spec I f 1 49
audio input 17.95 FM Omnidirectional Aerial C18 24
All above are manufacturers original spares We can also
X K 139 4 -channel sequencer 14.50 XKI31 22.50 UHF TV Aerial
I10 element - Band Al C6 89 supply range of manual, and parts tor some other make -
including Acorn Olivetti & Panasonic
Loll Mast/Bracket El 99
751 CO -a. Cable per in/ CO 23
Cable clips pert if) CO 21 OTHER COMPUTER CHIPS

SEND 50p & 9x6 SUPERSENSITIVE MICROBUG *(Brown or White)

TELEPHONE ACCESSORIES
6502 CPU ES OS AM26LS31PC C1 63
Only 45825815mm 6522 VIA E4 49 75154PC Mime driver C 185
SAE for our latest .---.
including built-in
T Plug-in Tone Ringer EIS 95 sale FIT Clock E7 24 640.1 DRAM 1120.1.1 01 90
Socket Doubler
CATALOGUE which inic. es.loomHt IDC Junction Boa
E3 66
C3 95
8255A DPI E.2 62 640.1 DRAM 1150n0 C1 SO

includes details on A.4'"4i yr, (standard Range

FM 5rn Extension Lead C4 20
8272A FDC E14 09 640.4 DRAM 1103na) 0 08
more exciting kits such --- -- radio) LJU2 Secondary Set & Bo.
LSJ3 Secondary Ski IFlusnl
02 30
£2 67 SPECIAL OFFERS
as Remote Control, approx. 300w 4 core Cable per/rn tO 15 SONY High Speed CPU 74LS00 TTL IC lap ea 1141
Touch Dimmers, Tem- depending on terrain Cable clips pe1110 CO 20 16741471 - Same as NEC V30 tapes 1541
perature Controller Powered by 9V PP3 (7 rnA) Ideal for surveil - TOOLS 9 EQUIPMENT Dfrecf rel(Mmenten1 for SOSO TEXAS DRAM tTLI54512-

....
and COMPONENTS. __.. lance. baby alarm etc X1(17.8 7.25
- UNIROSS Plug-in Fast Charger
tor AAA/AA NI -CAD s
UN1ROSS C Ni-Cad Battery
WELLER WM120 Micropoint
f5 40
02.81
CPU I Appro. 2505, faster/
t1.118 While SIOC/01 last
SED 9420CAC t14.113
1514141 For Spectrum 480
11 .72 ea (141
x112 ea 15+1
ORDERING INFORMATION Prices INCLUDE VAT but plesse add 11 25 PIP (UK i Overseas C... Soldering Iron 12V11,240VIIC 025
homers divide total order by I 175 then add P&P Europe 13 SO. ehewhere 110 Send PO cheque vise Universai Crimping Tool 02.45 MAIL ORDER ONLY. Please add 95p IUKI P&P but not VAT All
MASTERCARD No with order GIRO NO 529314002 Local Authority and education orders welcome Junior liaCksare items aulnect to availability - Prices can change mthout notice
Ofroce Hour, MonFri 930 am 5 pm Shop Hours Tun Thurs 10 am S pm Sat 10 am I pm Craft Knife' Spars Blade £0 56
ORDERS: 081- 567 8910 24 HOURS This is lust small sample 04 stock Our
tablet Price List is tree on request wit
MARAPET (LEA)
1 HORNBEAM MEWS
TK ELECTRONICS 13 BOSTON ROAD,
LONDON, W73SJ.
first order Alternatively please send
50p StampsrChed 13aIRC a Mwards P&P
or a copy by return
GLOUCESTER GL2 OUE

Everyday Electronics, January 1992

 ADVERTISERS INDEX
AKULA SYSTEMS 70
N R BARDWELL 88
BK ELECTRONICS Cover (iii)
BLB ELECTRONICS 70
AMPLIFIERS FROM BULL ELECTRICAL Cover (ii)
CAMBRIDGE COMP. SCIENCE 70
CIRKIT DISTRIBUTION 30
COMPELEC 69
CR SUPPLY COMPANY 70
ELECTRONIZE DESIGN 72
ESR ELECTRONIC COMP 27
ELECTROVALUE 71
GREENWELD ELECTRONICS 7

The UK Distributor HAPPY MEMORIES

HART ELECTRONIC KITS
HIGH -O -ELECTRONICS
66
49
67
for the complete HILLS COMPONENTS.
HOBBYKIT
85

69
2

ILP Audio Range

ICS
JAYTEE ELECTRONIC SERVICES 815/72
JPG ELECTRONICS 68
K M ELECTRONICS 70
* Bipolar Modules - 15 watts to 180 watts MAGENTA ELECTRONICS 8/9
MAPLIN ELECTRONICS Cover (iv)
* Mosfet Modules - 60 watts to 180 watts MARAPET
MARCO TRADING
71
33
* Power Supplies MAURITRON TECH. SERV'S
MENDASCOPE
68
69
Pre -amplifier Modules NATIONAL COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY
NORTECH ELECTRONIC
70
67
* 100 volt Line Transformers NUMBER ONE SYSTEMS 67
OMNI ELECTRONICS 72
Power Slave Amplifiers RADIO & TV COMPONENTS 41
RICH ELECTRONICS 69
Write or phone for free Data Pack SHERWOOD ELEC COMP 69
STEWART OF READING 71
SUMA DESIGNS 6
TANDY 17
Jaytee Electronic Services TECHNICAL INFO SERVICES 69
TK ELECTRONICS 71
143 Reculver Road, Beltinge, Herne Bay, Kent C16 6PL TSIEN 10
Telephone' (0227) 375254 VIEWCOM ELECTRONICS 4/5

OMNI ELECTRONICS efectronize

174 Dalkeith Road. Edinburgh EH16 5DX 031 667 2611
CAR ALARM KITS
MICRO -PRESSURE CAR ALARM
This new type of alarm ,s triggered by a unique pressure sensing system As
A COMPREHENSIVE RANGE WITH any vehicle door is opened air is drawn Out, causing a minute drop in air
pressure A sensor detects this sudden pressure change and sets off the
SERVICE SECOND TO NONE alarm. An electronic filter. tuned to only 3Hz . and adfuStable sensitivity avoid
false alarms whilst an arrangement of timers provide automatic Operation.
A Operates on all doors and tailgate - no switches needed.
OUR MUCH EXPANDED, BETTER Automatically armed 40 seconds after leaving vehicle.
er 10 second entry delay with audIble warning. ( 0.5 second available.)
ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE er Sounds horn or siren Intermittently for 30 seconds - then re -arms.
* Easy fitting - only 3 wires to connect - no holes to drill.
Controlled by Ignition swItch, hidden switch or coded remote control.
COSTS E1.50 - INCLUDES (The optional siren and coded remote control are supplied separately)
MICRO -PRESSURE ALARM Parts 1dt f15.95 Assembled £22.35
VOUCHERS TO USE
NEW CODED IR REMOTE CONTROL
AGAINST FUTURE Our latest addition allows control of our alarms from outside the vehicle Both
transmitter and receiver use a chip designed specially for car security systems
PURCHASES. TO RECEIVE with 59.046 code combinations You can even set our own code. with several
vehicles on the same code or several transmitters for one vehicle tt required
A COPY PLEASE SEND A High security, customer selected. 24 bit code.
Key -ring transmitter with long life minature alkaline battery.
YOUR REMITTANCE O High power infra -red emitter with range up to 5 metres.
A Low profile dash top receiver decoder.
WITH THE VOUCHER BELOW. Fleshing high intensity red L.E.D. warns off Intruders.
Green L.E.D. shows alarm Is oft.

r Please send me a copy of the 1990/91 OMNI catalogue

Payment of Cl 50 enclosed
1 Use the coded transmitter and receiver with our Micro -Pressure or Volt Drop
alarm to form a coded remote controlled system
CODE TRANSMITTER Parts kit £13.95 Assembled £17.95
CODE RECEIVER Parts kit £21.35 Assembled £26.55
, NAME .... Also available
VOLT DROP CAR ALARM Parts kit £14.90 Assembled £20.95
I ADDRESS 120d8 PIEZO SIREN Assembled £11.95
MICRO -PRESSURE TRIGGER Parts kit f10.95 Assembled £14.95
EXTENDED CDI IGNITION Parts kit £22.75 Assembled £28.45
All the above Include cable connectors and Clear easy to follow instructions
All kits include case PCB everything down to the last washer even solder
All prices now include post. packing and VAT on U.K.orders Same prices
TELEPHONE apply to all European countnes. For delivery outside Europe please add £3.
L Telephone orders accepted with VISA or ACCESS payment
Open: Mon.-Thurs. 9.15 - 6.00 Order direct (please quote ref. EEI) or send for more details from -
Friday 9.15- 5.00 VISA ELECTRON/ZE DES/GN Tel. 021 308 5877
Saturday 9.30 - 5.00 2 Hillside Road. Four Oaks. Sutton Coldlield. B74 4D0

Published on approximately the first Friday of each month by Wimborne Publishing Ltd.. 6 Church Street. Wimborne. Dorset BH21 11H Printed in England ti) Benham & Co. Limited.
Colchester. Essex. Distributed by Seymour. Windsor House. 1270 London Road. Norbury. London SW I6 4DH Sole Agents for Australia and New Zealand -Gordon & Gotch(Asia) Lid..
South Africa -Central News Agency Ltd. Subscriptions INLAND £18.50 and OVERSEAS £271f40 50 airmail) payable to "Everyday Electronics" Subscription Department. 6 Church Street.
Wimborne. Dorset BH21 11H EVERYDAY ELECTRONICS is sold subject to the follOwing conditions. namely that a shall not. without the written consent of the Publishersfirst having been
given. be lent, resold, hired out or otherwise disposed of by way of Trade at more than the recommended selling price shown on the cover, and that it shall not be lent, resold, hired out or
otherwise disposed of in a mutilated condition or in any unauthorised cover by way of Trade or affixed to or as part of any publication or advertising, literary or pictonal matter whatsoever.