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    IEEE STD 1818-2017 Guide For The Design of Low Voltage AC and DC Auxiliary Systems For Substations

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    Gustavo Aguayo
    The document provides guidelines for designing low voltage AC and DC auxiliary systems for substations. It discusses the organization, scope, AC and DC system design criteria including sources, load analysis, equipment, protection, and specifications. The DC system section focuses on batteries, chargers, panels, and sizing batteries according to duty cycle and load requirements.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    IEEE STD 1818-2017 Guide For The Design of Low Voltage AC and DC Auxiliary Systems For Substations

    Uploaded by

    Gustavo Aguayo
    524 views69 pages
    The document provides guidelines for designing low voltage AC and DC auxiliary systems for substations. It discusses the organization, scope, AC and DC system design criteria including sources, load analysis, equipment, protection, and specifications. The DC system section focuses on batteries, chargers, panels, and sizing batteries according to duty cycle and load requirements.

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    IEEE Std 1818-2017 Guide for the Design of Low Voltage AC and DC Auxiliary Systems for Substations

    Original Title

    IEEE Std 1818-2017 Guide for the Design of Low Voltage AC and DC Auxiliary Systems for Substations

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    The document provides guidelines for designing low voltage AC and DC auxiliary systems for substations. It discusses the organization, scope, AC and DC system design criteria including sources, load analysis, equipment, protection, and specifications. The DC system section focuses on batteries, chargers, panels, and sizing batteries according to duty cycle and load requirements.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    524 views69 pages

    IEEE STD 1818-2017 Guide For The Design of Low Voltage AC and DC Auxiliary Systems For Substations

    Uploaded by

    Gustavo Aguayo
    The document provides guidelines for designing low voltage AC and DC auxiliary systems for substations. It discusses the organization, scope, AC and DC system design criteria including sources, load analysis, equipment, protection, and specifications. The DC system section focuses on batteries, chargers, panels, and sizing batteries according to duty cycle and load requirements.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 69
    At a glance
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    The document discusses guidelines for designing low voltage AC and DC auxiliary systems for substations. It covers topics such as AC and DC system design, load analysis, equipment specifications, and maintenance considerations.

    The document discusses AC source requirements, load analysis, transformer selection, transfer switches, bus layout, panels, protection, and equipment specifications as the main components of an AC system design.

    When selecting conductors, the document states that the conductor type, insulation, temperature rating, size based on ampacity, and voltage drop should be considered.

    1

    IEEE1818 - 2017
    Guide for the Design of Low
    Voltage AC and DC Auxiliary
    Systems for Substations
    Sponsored by the IEEE Substations Committee
    Presented By Joe Gravelle
    2

    Organization of the Guide


    1. Scope / Purpose
    2. Normative References
    3. Definitions
    4. AC System Design
    5. DC System Design
    Annex A – Bibliography
    Annex B - Conductor Sizing examples
    Annex C – Battery Sizing Examples
    3

    Organization of the Guide


    1. Scope / Purpose
    2. Normative References
    3. Definitions
    4. AC System Design
    5. DC System Design
    Annex A – Bibliography
    Annex B - Conductor Sizing examples
    Annex C – Battery Sizing Examples
    4

    1.1 Scope
    • This guide provides guidelines for the design of
    the ac and dc systems.
    • This guide covers the low voltage auxiliary
    systems from the source(s) to the distribution
    point(s).
    • Reliability requirements and load characteristics
    5

    1.2 Purpose
    • The low-voltage ac and dc auxiliary systems comprise
    very important parts of the substation equipment.
    • Design of the ac and dc auxiliary systems
    • reliability,
    • load requirements,
    • system configuration,
    • personnel safety,
    • safe and reliable operation
    • protection
    6

    2.0 Normative References


    • IEEE 485, IEEE 525

    3.0 Definitions
    • Definitions are provided for technical terms used
    in the guide.
    7

    Organization of the Guide


    1. Scope / Purpose
    2. Normative References
    3. Definitions
    4. AC System Design
    5. DC System Design
    Annex A – Bibliography
    Annex B - AC examples
    Annex C – DC Examples
    8

    4.0 AC System Design


    • Design Criteria
    • Source Requirements
    • Load Analysis
    • Conductor Selection
    • Transformer(s)
    • Transfer Switch
    • Bus Layout
    • Panels
    • Protection
    • Equipment Specifications
    • Operations and Maintenance
    9

    4.1 Introduction
    • Design Criteria
    • Source Requirements
    • Number of sources
    • 1 phase or 3 phase
    • Load Requirements

    These sections define the AC


    system for the substation
    Application.
    10

    4.2 Design Criteria


    • AC system loads
    • 1 or 3 phase
    • System stability
    • Protection
    • Voltage

    This section defines the AC


    system design.
    11

    4.3 AC sources
    • Transformer tertiary
    • Substation bus
    • Distribution line
    • Generators
    12

    4.4 AC Load Analysis


    • Identification
    • Amps/Volts/kW
    • Equipment rating
    • Demand factors
    • Load calculations
    13

    4.5 Conductor Selection


    • Conductor Type
    • Insulation
    • Temperature Rating
    • Size – Ampacity
    • Voltage Drop
    14

    4.6 Station Auxiliary Transformer


    • Transformer Type
    15

    4.6 Station Auxiliary Transformer


    • Number of transformers
    • Single/Three phase
    • Transformer Ratings
    • Transformer Connections
    16

    4.6 Station Auxiliary Transformer


    • Transformer Ratings
    • KVA
    • Voltage
    • Short Circuit
    • Impedance
    • BIL
    17

    4.6 AC System Design


    • Transformer Connections Single Phase
    18

    4.6 AC System Design


    • Transformer Connections Three Phase
    19

    4.7 Transfer Switch


    • Manual / Automatic
    • Considerations:
    • Break before Make
    • Switching Neutrals
    20

    4.8 Bus Layout - Distribution Configuration


    • Essential / Non-Essential Loads
    • Simple Radial System
    • Expanded Radial System
    • Primary / Secondary Selective systems
    21

    4.8 Bus Layout


    and Distribution
    Circuit
    Configuration
    22

    4.9 AC Distribution
    Panelboards
    • Application
    • Ratings
    • Short Circuit ratings
    • Standards
    23

    4.10 AC Auxiliary System Protection


    • Panelboard or Switchboard
    • Circuit Breaker Selection
    • Fuse Selection
    24

    4.11 Equipment Specifications


    • General considerations
    • Standards
    25

    4.12 Operation - Maintenance Consideration


    • Accessible Disconnects
    • Indoor/Outdoor Design
    • Adequate Working Space
    • Standby or Backup AC System
    26
    27

    Organization of the Guide


    1. Scope / Purpose
    2. Normative References
    3. Definitions
    4. AC System Design
    5. DC System Design
    Annex A – Bibliography
    Annex B - AC examples
    Annex C – DC Examples
    28

    DC System Design
    • Design Criteria
    • DC Equipment
    • One Line Diagram
    • Batteries
    • Chargers
    • Panels
    • Design Considerations
    • Maintenance Provisions
    29

    Battery System
    30

    Battery System
    Single cell battery with acid
    containment on a two step rack
    31

    5.1 DC System Design Criteria


    • Reliability
    • Redundancy
    • Environment
    32

    5.2 Equipment Served by the DC System


    • System Protection Equipment
    • Motor Operators
    • Breakers
    • SCADA
    • Fire Protection
    • Security
    33

    5.3 One Line Diagram


    • Power System One Line
    • System protection
    • DC System One Line
    • DC Load Calculations
    • DC Connections
    • Number of Batteries
    • Load Transfer
    34

    Operating sequence:
    Substation One Line 12D3 is normally closed,
    no generation on feeder circuits
    Operating time for MOS 10 seconds

    Transformer T1 differential:
    Trip 69CB1, 69CB3, 12CB1
    Open 69DT1

    Breaker Failure on 12CB1:


    Open 12CB2, Open 12D3, Reclose 12CB2
    35

    DC System

    Battery To DC Cab.

    Panel

    Maint Charger & Battery

    Battery
    Charger
    36

    DC System
    distribution
    cabinet(s)
    37

    5.4 DC Batteries
    ➢ Battery System
    ➢ Battery Charger(s)
    ➢ Battery Disconnect(s)
    ➢ DC Panel(s)
    ➢ Maintenance Connections
    ➢ DC Loads
    38

    5.4 DC Batteries
    39

    5.4 DC Battery Types


    ➢ Vented Lead Acid (VLA)
    ➢ Valve Regulated Lead Acid (VRLA)
    ➢ Nickel Cadmium (NiCad)

    • For substation use, vented lead-acid cells are the most


    common
    40

    5.4 DC Battery
    41

    5.4 DC Battery
    42

    5.4 DC Battery
    43

    Battery Sizing
    ➢Sizing the battery using IEEE 485 (Vented Lead Acid Batteries)

    ➢Defining the Duty Cycle (loading on battery based on time duration)

    ▪ Continuous Load
    ▪ Momentary Load
    ▪ Worst Case Tripping
    44

    Continuous Loads
    ➢ Indicating lamps,
    ➢ Microprocessor Relays,
    ➢ Electronic Meters,
    ➢ SCADA Systems,
    ➢ Annunciators,
    ➢ Communication Equipment

    o For loads that are non-linear such as power supplies, the current
    increases as voltage declines.
    o The watt rating is typically used to determine current at end of
    battery cycle discharge voltage
    45

    Momentary Loads
    ➢Lock Out Relay (LOR)
    ➢Breaker tripping
    ➢Motor Operators
    ➢ Breaker Fail operation
    ❑ Considerations:

    o Worst Case Tripping Scenarios


    o MOD use Locked Rotor rating
    o Breaker Fail use SOE not sum of all currents select highest
    46

    Operating sequence:
    Worst Case Tripping 12D3 is normally closed,
    no generation on feeder circuits
    Operating time for MOS 10 seconds

    Transformer T1 differential:
    Trip 69CB1, 69CB3, 12CB1
    Open 69DT1

    Breaker Failure on 12CB1:


    Open 12CB2, Open 12D3, Reclose 12CB2

    Timing:
    T=0cy (0 sec)
    Trip 69CB1, 69CB3, 12CB1, open 69DT1
    Current=12+12+8+60=92A

    T=12cy (0.2sec) (12CB1 breaker failure timer)


    Trip 12CB2, Re-Trip 12CB1 open 12D3
    Current=20+8+8+60=96A

    T=600cy (10sec)
    Reclose 12CB2
    Current=6A

    From the above, the worst case tripping load is 96A for the 12CB1
    breaker failure.
    47

    Duty Cycle Duration


    1. Charger fails – Initiates Alarm to SCADA
    2. Dispatcher notices Alarm
    3. Dispatch contacts Substation Personal
    4. Substation Personal Drive to Substation
    5. Investigate Alarm
    6. Determines Charger Failed – contacts dispatch requesting maintenance
    7. Dispatch contacts Maintenance
    8. Maintenance Technician Drives to Substation
    9. Maintenance attempts to repair charger (unsuccessful)
    10. Maintenance Supervisor locates spare charger
    11. Maintenance Supervisor contacts additional resources
    12. Resources drive to service center PU spare charger and drive to substation
    13. Replace failed Charger
    48

    Duty Cycle Example


    49

    Battery Chargers
    ➢Sizing battery Chargers
    ➢Charger Connections
    ➢Charger Circuit Protection
    50

    Battery Chargers
    51

    Battery Charger size


    52

    DC Panels
    ❑ Considerations
    ➢Critical Loads vs non-Critical Loads
    ➢Circuit size
    ➢Number of circuits
    53

    DC Panels
    54

    DC Panels
    55

    Design Considerations
    • Battery location
    • Maintenance considerations
    • Working clearances
    • Method for removing
    battery cells
    • An eyewash station
    • Spill containment
    systems
    • Terminal Covers
    56

    Battery Terminal
    Covers
    57

    Design Considerations

    • Battery area temperature


    • Specifications published for sizing
    • Heat and Cold impact battery performance
    • Reference IEEE485 for effect on Battery Size
    58

    Design Considerations
    • Acid spill containment
    • Spill Pans
    • Acid-resistant paint on the floor
    59

    Design Considerations
    • Battery racks
    • Three types—step, tier, or
    stepped tier
    • Height variations between cells
    can cause cell temperature
    differences within the same
    battery system
    • acid-resistant coating applied to
    the structural frame
    • seismic zone
    60

    Design Considerations
    • Battery rack
    61

    Design Considerations
    Circuit considerations
    • Grounded and ungrounded systems
    • Ungrounded –Substation Control - SCADA
    • Grounded ((+) grounded) – Communications
    62

    Design Considerations -
    Circuit considerations
    • Isolation of Main DC cables
    • Recommendations - IEEE 1375
    • Battery fuse
    • Battery circuit breaker
    • Battery disconnect switch
    • Mid-point battery fuse
    63

    Circuit considerations
    • Isolation of main dc cables - Separate the pos and neg cables
    64

    Design Considerations
    Circuit considerations
    • Coordination of overcurrent protection
    • Short-circuit levels
    • Fuses
    • Breakers
    • Equipment voltage ratings
    65

    Maintenance Provisions
    • Isolation switches
    • Equipment accessibility
    • Back-up supplies
    66

    Maintenance Provisions
    • Testing Provisions
    67

    DC System

    Battery To DC Cab.

    Panel

    Maint Charger
    & Battery

    Battery
    Charger
    68

    Annex
    Annex A – Bibliography
    Annex B - Conductor Sizing Example
    Annex C – Battery Sizing Example
    69

    Questions?

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