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Great Political Thinkers: Plato To The Present

This book is a collection of writings by major political thinkers from Plato to the present. It is organized into three parts covering Ancient and Medieval thinkers, thinkers from the 16th to 18th centuries, and thinkers from the 19th century to the present. For each thinker, a brief biographical introduction is provided along with 1-3 of their key works or excerpts with the aim of presenting their major ideas and influence on political thought over time.

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Hans Tubalinal Mingala
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681 views

Great Political Thinkers: Plato To The Present

This book is a collection of writings by major political thinkers from Plato to the present. It is organized into three parts covering Ancient and Medieval thinkers, thinkers from the 16th to 18th centuries, and thinkers from the 19th century to the present. For each thinker, a brief biographical introduction is provided along with 1-3 of their key works or excerpts with the aim of presenting their major ideas and influence on political thought over time.

Uploaded by

Hans Tubalinal Mingala
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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GREAT

POLITICAL
THINKERS
PLATO TO THE PRESENT
SIXTH EDITION

A 358686

William Ebenstein
(1910^1976)
University of Wisconsin at Madison, Princeton University,
and University of California at Santa Barbara

Alan Ebenstein

THOMSON

WADSWORTH

Australia • Canada • Mexico • Singapore • Spain • United Kingdom • United States


CONTENTS

PREFACE vii
PART I
A N C I E N T AND M E D I E V A L 1

1 ROOTS OF THE WEST 3

2 THE GREEK DISCOVERY OF REASON IN NATURE 7

3 PLATO (ca. 427-347 B.C.) 19


The Republic 30

4 ARISTOTLE (384-322 B.C.) 75


Politics 85

5 POLYBIUS (ca. 204-122 B.C.) 116


The Histories 119

6 CICERO (106-43 B.C.) 127


The Republic and The Laws 131

7 STOICISM AND EPICUREANISM:


TWO HELLENISTIC PHILOSOPHIES 141
/ Epictetus (ca. A.D. 50-120). The Discourses and The Manual 151
// Marcus Aurelius (A.D. 121-180), Meditations • 157
/// Epicurus (ca. 341-270 B.C.), Letter to Menoeceus and Principal
Doctrines 168

8 THE JEWISH BELIEF IN ONE GOD, AND CHRISTIAN LOVE 173

9 ST. AUGUSTINE (354-430) 181


The City of God 186

10 JOHN OF SALISBURY (ca. 1120-1180) 199


The Statesman's Book 206

XI
xii Contents

11 ST. THOMAS AQUINAS (ca. 1225-1274) 218


On Kingship 230
Summa Theologica 237

12 DANTE (1265-1321) 245


De Monarchia 252

13 MARSILIO OF PADUA (1270-1342) 262


The Defender of Peace 272

PART II
SIXTEENTH THROUGH EIGHTEENTH CENTURIES 281

14 MACHIAVELLI (1467-1527) 283


The Prince 291

15 THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION 302


/ Luther (1483-1546), Secular Authority: To What Extent It Should
Be Obeyed 308
// Calvin (1509-1564), Institutes of the Christian Religion 319
/// Stephen Junius Brutus (pseud.), A Defense of Liberty against Tyrants 328

16 BODIN (1530-1596) 344


Six Books on the State 348

17 HOBBES (1588-1679) 355


Leviathan 364

18 LOCKE (1632-1704) 380


Two Treatises of Government 389

19 MONTESQUIEU (1689-1755) 408


The Spirit of the Laws 413

20 HUME (1711-1776) 422


Essays Moral, Political, and Literary and An Enquiry Concerning the Principles
of Morals 428

21 ROUSSEAU (1712-1778) 442


The Social Contract 452

22 KANT (1724-1804) 473


Foundations of the Metaphysics of Morals 477
Idea for a Universal History with a Cosmopolitan Purpose 479
Perpetual Peace: A Philosophical Sketch 483
Contents xiii

23 SMITH (1723-1790) 492


The Wealth of Nations 498

24 BURKE (1729-1797) 504


Reflections on the Revolution in France 513

PART I I I
NINETEENTH AND TWENTIETH CENTURIES 533

25 BENTHAM (1748-1832) 535


Principles of Morals and Legislation 543

26 TOCQUEVILLE (1805-1859) 557


Democracy in America 564

27 MILL (1806-1873) 578


On Liberty 586
Utilitarianism 615
The Subjection of Women 618

28 HEGEL (1770-1831) 624


Philosophy of Law 629
Philosophy of History 637

29 REVOLUTIONARY COMMUNISM 639


/ Marx (1818-1883), Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts 656
II Marx and Engels (1820-1895), The Communist Manifesto 663
/// Lenin (1870-1924), Selected Works 680

30 NIETZSCHE (1844-1900) 688


Thus Spake Zarathustra 694
The Antichrist 699
Geneology of Morals 705

31 FASCISM 708
Mussolini (1883-1945), The Doctrine of Fascism 112

32 FREUD (1856-1939) 721


Civilization and Its Discontents 725

33 GANDHI (1869-1948) 736


Selected Writings 742

34 FROM CLASSICAL LIBERALISM TO DEMOCRATIC SOCIALISM 754


/ Spencer (1820-1903), Social Statics and The Man Versus The State 768
II Green (1836-1882), Prolegomena to Ethics 780
/// Laski (1893-1950), A Grammar of Politics 783
xiv Contents

35 THE WELFARE STATE 785


/ Keynes (1883-1946), The End o/Laissez-Faire 794
// Beveridge (1879-1963), Report on Social Insurance and
Allied Services 806
/// Myrdal (1898-1987), Beyond the Welfare State 807

36 LIBERTARIANISM 814
/ Hayek (1899-1992), The Road to Serfdom 825
The Constitution of Liberty 831
Law, Legislation and Liberty 835
The Fatal Conceit 838
// Friedman (1912- ), Capitalism and Freedom 840

37 BERLIN (1909-1997) 848


Two Concepts of Liberty 851

38 RAWLS(1921- ) 859
A Theory of Justice 863

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTES 877

NAME INDEX 991

SUBJECT INDEX 997

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