Urban Design
Urban Design
Urban Design
PLANNING PRINCIPLES OF
SIR PATRICK GEDDES
SIR EBENEZER HOWARD
DOXIADIS
1. Strong community
2. Ordered development
3. Environmental quality
CONCEPTUAL LAYOUT
• Circular city growing in a radial manner or pattern.
• Divided into six equal wards, by six main Boulevards
that radiated from the central park/garden.
• Civic institutions (Town Hall, Library, Hospital, Theatre,
Museum etc. ) are placed around the central garden.
• The central park enclosed by a crystal palace acts as an
arcade
GARDEN CITY EXAMPLES
LETCHWORTH CITY
Letchworth is the world’s first Garden City, created as a solution to the slum and
poverty of urban life in Britain in the late 19th Century. Based on the ideas of
Ebenezer Howard as published in his book of 1898 “Tomorrow: A Peaceful Path to
Reform”. Letchworth Garden City inspired town planning across the globe.
Howard’s company- First Garden City Ltd began construction in 1903.
The company appointed architects Barry Parker and Raymond Unwin to design
the masterplan for the new community.
This Garden City is located in North Hertfordshire, 35 miles north of London
which is spread over an area of approx. 5000 acres.
Designed for a population of 35,000 people.
Having reserved green belt of 1,300 acres.
Garden City principles
• The dwellings for all classes of people should be distributed about a large central
court in which public buildings would be located.
The Shopping Centre to be located on the edge of the town.
The employment facilities for all the people to be provided by starting a variety of
industries.
The industries to be located on the outskirts of the town. • The city should have max.
population of 30 to 35 thousand people in an are of 1000 acres.
The city should have the advantage of both rural life such as fresh air, gardens,
playfields, cottages etc. and amenities of urban life such as schools, theaters,
hospitals, recreational centers etc.
•Distance between each ring vary
between 3- 5km .
•A 420 feet wide , 3 mile long, Grand
avenue which run in the center of
concentric rings , houses the schools
and churches and acts as a continuous
public park.
• The streets for houses are formed by
a series of concentric ringed tree lined
avenues.
•All the industries, factories and
warehouses were placed at the
peripheral ring of the city.
•The municipal railway was placed in
another ring closer to the industrial ring
, so that the pressure of excess
transport on the city streets are
reduced and the city is connected to
the rest of the nation.
FACTORY
SITE
RECREATIONAL
GROUND
WELWYN CITY
• It consists of
• Residential areas
• 149 acres of interior parks,
• Walkways.
• 2 swimming pools,
• 4 tennis courts,
• 2 playgrounds,
• Archery plaza and a school,
• 2 outdoor basketball courts
• A community center, which houses
administrative
offices, library, gymnasium, clubroom and
service
RADBURN, NEW JERSEY
Park as backbone of the neighborhood.
Specialized Highway system, Complete
separation of vehicular and pedestrian traffic with
21% of road areas.
Through the use of the superblock, houses in
Radburn were uniquely designed to have two
fronts.
The ‘back side’ of the house, what we would
normally consider the front side, faced the culs-de-
sac and parking.
The kitchen was normally placed in the back to
provide visitors a place to enter the house.
The ‘front side’ of the house faced towards the
green spaces or parks encouraging pedestrian
traffic.