THE VERB TO BE

THE VERB ‘TO BE’ AND PRONOUNS

Esta es la conjugación del verbo TO BE con los pronombres del inglés, es importante que
la comprendan para el desarrollo de este curso. con base en esta conjugación vamos a
comprender la siguiente lectura

To be (ser o estar)
Singular Plural
I (Yo) (primera persona am (soy o We (Nosotros): primera are (somos o
del singular) estoy) persona del plural estamos)
You (tú) (segunda persona You (ustedes): segunda
are (es o está) are (son o están)
del singular persona del plural)
He/she/it (él. ella. esto)
(tercera persona del is (es o está They (ellos) Are: (son o están)
singular)

To be = infinitive (verbo en bruto/ ser o estar)

Conjugaciones = am / is / are

I - am = I'm
he/she/it - is = he's, she's, it's
we/you/they - are = we're, you're they'e

This is the list and form of to be with the pronouns.

Max is a great student (is because Max is pronoun he) => He's a great student.
My father and brother are in Las Vegas (are because father and brother is pronoun they)

Question Form

To form questions we change the Subject and verb position.

Is he your father?
Is she your sister?
Is it your dog?
Are you students?
We can put question words (QW) before this order.
QW = who, where, what, when, how long ... etc.

Where is your girlfriend? What time is it? When is your birthday?

When are your brothers here?

Negative form

To form the negative (-) form just add not to the to be conjugation (am, is, are)

I'm not ------he, she, it + isn't (is+not) ------------we, you they + aren't (are+not)

or

I am not ------he's, she's, it's + not ----------we're, you're, they're + not

Examples:

Lima isn't in the Andes -- You aren't a nice person --- Shakira isn't Peruvian

Singular: I , You, He, She It

Plural: We you they

Verb to be (in the present form): am/is/are

Table # 1 (Positive form) Pronouns with the verb to be (am/is/are) and its
Contractions

“Subject” Verb Contraction

Pronouns
(To be)
1St I am I’m
2nd you are you’re
3rd He/She/It Is he’s / she’s / it’s

PLURAL
1st We are we’re
2nd You you’ re
3rd They they’re
Table 2 : (Negative form) Pronouns with the verb to be (am/is/are) and its
Contractions

“Subject” Verb Contraction

Pronouns
(To be)
1St I am + I’m not
not
2nd you are + you’re not / you aren’t
not
3rd He/She/It is + not he’s / she’s / it’s + not

or

he/she/it + isn’t
PLURAL
1st We Are we’re not / we aren’t
+not
2nd You you’ re not / you aren’t
3rd They they’re not / they aren’t

Table # 3 (Questions)

Verb (to Subject Complement

be) Pronoun
(optional)
1St Am I a good student?
2nd Are you married?
3rd Is he/she/it your friend?

PLURAL
1st Are we ready?
2nd you at home
3rd they tired?

Table 4: Short answers (Yes and no answers)

Positive Negative
 1St Yes, I am No. I’m not
2nd Yes, you are No, you aren’t
3rd Yes, he is No, he isn’t / No, he’s not

No, she isn’t / No, she’s not

No, it isn’t/ No, it’s not

PLURAL
1st Yes, we are No, we’re not / No, we aren’t
2nd Yes, you are No, you’re not / No, you aren’t
3rd Yes, they No, they’re not / No, they aren’t
are

Observaciones:

 Recuerden que en ingles siempre deben poner el Sujeto. En una oración positiva o
negativa deberán seguir la formula (SUBJECT + VERB + COMPLEMENT) en
donde el complement es opcional.

Puede visitar: http://www.inglestotal.com/lesson-2-pronouns-and-the-verb-to-be-in-the-

present-simple-tense/

QUESTIONS WITH HOW: HOW IS/HOW ARE..?

Las preguntas con: How is / How are...? Se utilizan cuando queremos saber cómo está
alguien. Mira los ejemplos:

- How is your brother?

- My brother is fine, thanks.

- How is your mother?

- My mother is fine, thanks.

- How are your parents? (tus padres)

- My parents are fine, thanks.

- How are you?
- I am fine, thanks
How is ? How are ?

� How are + you? I + am …

� How are + you? We + are …

� How are + they? They + are …

How are + your parents? My parents + are …
� How are + your sisters? My sisters + are …

A manera de ejemplo, lea el siguiente diálogo.

How are you, today?

MONICA: Hi, Jaime. Nice to see you again.

JAIME: Nice to see you, too, Mónica.

MONICA: Jaime, this is my friend, Sara, she's my room-mate.

JAIME: (shakes hands with Sara)* How do you do, Sara?

SARA: How do you do, Jaime?

JAIME: Are you from Argentina also, Sara?

SARA: No, I'm from Italy. Where are you from?

JAIME: Colombia, from Bogota to be exact.

MONICA: Well how are you, Jaime? Are you happy with the English
course?

JAIME: The English course is not too bad. I'm a little tired.

MONICA: Yes, so am I. The first day is always difficult.

How Are You? Beginning English with the Verb "To Be"
Read the conversations below:

Ken: Hello, My name's Ken. What's your name?

Jack: Jack. How are you?
Ken: I'm fine, and you?
Jack: Great. Where are you from?
Ken: I'm from Seattle.

Ken: Where is that girl from?

Jack: She's from Japan
Ken: How old is she?
Jack: She's twenty-six

THE VERB ‘TO BE’ + ADJECTIVE TO SAY: HOW WE ARE?

El verbo ‘to be’ también se utiliza con un adjetivo para decir cómo estamos. Mira los
ejemplos:

I am worried about my Math exam (examen de matemáticas)

You are sleepy, go to bed now! (vete a la cama)
He is happy / the boy is happy
She is sad / the girl is sad

- Ahora mira lo que pasa cuando tenemos varias personas:

We are worried about our Math exam (examen de matemáticas)

You are sleepy, go to bed now! (vayan a la cama)
They are happy / the boys are happy
She is sad / the girls are sad

DESCRIBING PEOPLE

READING:
Two International Friends - Beginning Level Reading
Comprehension
Claudio

Hello, my name's Claudio. I'm from Italy and I'm a student. I'm twenty-five years
old and I'm single. I live in an apartment with my parents. I go to university five
days a week. I like going to the disco on Saturdays. I don't like playing sports. I
have one sister and one brother, Maria and Antonio.

Chul

Hi, my name's Chul and I come from Korea. I'm a businessman and I work in
Seoul. I'm married and have two children, Min-Jee - a girl, and Dak-Ho a boy. I
like in a small house in the suburbs. I take the subway to work from Monday to
Friday. I like playing golf in my free time. I don't like singing karaoke!

AUXILIARY VERB: DO-DOES

THIS IS / THESE ARE TO INTRODUCE PEOPLE

Las expresiones

This is / These are

se utilizan para presentar a alguien. Mira el ejemplo del Diálogo 1 (Red Book)

MONICA: Jaime, this is my friend, Sara, she’s my room-mate.

JAIME: How do you do, Sara?

O:

MONICA: Jaime, this is Sara, she’s my room-mate.

JAIME: How do you do, Sara?

La expresión ‘This is’ se utiliza para presentarle una persona a otra. Veamos más
ejemplos:

Mary to Tom: (Mary presentando a su hijo (son) Paul)

Tom, this is my son, Paul.

Tom, this is Paul, my son.

Jerry to Louise: (Jerry presentando a su esposo (husband) Charles)

Louise, this is my husband, Charles.

Louise, this is Charles, my husband.

Jack to Max: (Jack presentando a su padre (father) Ryan)

Max, this is my father, Ryan.

Tom, this is Ryan, my father.

‘THESE ARE’

Cuando presentamos a alguien y pasamos de una persona (singular) a varias personas

(plural), hay 2 cambios:
 THIS ----- THESE

IS ------ ARE

Si presentamos a varias personas, usamos: ‘These are’

Veamos algunos ejemplos:

Mary to Tom: (Mary presentando a sus hijos (children) Paul and Camille)

12 Tom, these are my children, Paul and Camille.

13 Tom, these are Paul and Camille, my children.

Jerry to Louise: (Jerry presentando a sus hermanas (sisters) Cindy and Kathy)

14 Louise, these are my sisters, Cindy and Kathy.

15 Louise, these are Cindy and Kathy, my sisters.

Jack to Max: (Jack presentando a sus padres (parents) Ryan and Christie)

16 Max, these are my parents, Ryan and Christie.

17 Tom, these are Ryan and Christie, my parents.

To be pronunciation in questions

To be pronunciation in questions
(QW) + {to be + SUBJECT}+ (Complement)
Listen carefully and repeat the following questions.

Are you married?

Is she from Argentina?
Is he your friend
Are they sick?

Notice how the verb to be is linked with the subject and how it is pronounced. Look at the
other ways of pronouncing questions with the verb to be but this time with question
words (what, how, where, who etc)

Where are you from?

Where is she from?
Who is he?
You may also use contractions where possible:
Where are you from?
Where’s she from?
Who’s he?
*** Noten como de unen en sonido (word linking) el verbo to be con el pronombre o el
Question word con el verbo. Traten de practicarlo ya que muchas veces uno no entiende
preguntas debido a la union de palabras.

Pronunciation with other verbs

(QW) +{ Do/Does + SUBJECT+ Verb} + (Complement)
Listen carefully and repeat the following questions.

Do you smoke?
Does she study English?
Does he live in New York?
Do they like apples?

Notice how the auxiliaries (do/does) is linked with the subject and how it is pronounced.
Look at the other ways of pronouncing questions with the OTHER VERBS but this time with
question words.

Where do you live?

What music does she like?
How often does he travel?

*** con otros verbos (verbos que no son ser o estar “to be”) la union se da muchas veces
entre los auxiliares (do/does) y el sujeto (I, You, He etc)

VOCABULARY

Repase el siguiente vocabulario para mejorar el uso del inglés básico en el contenido en
línea.

1. ABC. Abecedario

2. NUMBERS:
http://campus.unadvirtual.org/campus/file.php/7/UNAD/CONTENTS/20071/EN00/da
ta/unit003_005.html

3. PRONOUNS-
4. POSSESIVE ADJECTIVES

5. DAYS OF THE WEEK

6. ADVERBS

7. VERBS

8. ADJECTIVES

9. ANTHONYMS:
http://campus.unadvirtual.org/campus/file.php/7/UNAD/CONTENTS/20071/EN00/data/un
it002_004.html

10. PROFESSIONS:
http://campus.unadvirtual.org/campus/file.php/7/UNAD/CONTENTS/20071/EN00/data/un
it001_006.html

11. CLOTHING: http://www.lingolex.com/clothes.htm

CLOTHES VOCABULARY
LA ROPA

 anorak - anorak  overall - mono

 belt - cinturón  underpants - calzoncillos
 beret - boina  pyjamas - pijama
 bikini - bikini  raincoat - impermeable
 blouse - blusa  sandals - sandalias
 boots - botas  scarf - bufanda
 bowtie - pajarita  shirt -camisa
 bra - sujetador  shoes - zapatos
 braces - tirantes  shorts - pantalones cortos
 button - botón  skirt - falda
 cap - gorra  slippers - zapatillas
 cardigan - rebeca  socks - calcetines
 coat - abrigo  stiletto - tacón de aguja
 dress - vestido  stockings - medias
 laces - cordones  suit - traje
 cufflinks - gemelos  suspender - liguero
 diner jacket - smoking  sweater - jersey
 dress - vestido  sweatshirt - sudadera
 dressing-gown - bata  swimming costume -
 gloves - guantes bañador
 hat - sombrero  "T" shirt - camiseta
 high heels- tacones  tie - corbata
altos  tights - panty
 jacket - chaqueta  tracksuit - chandal
 jeans - vaqueros  trousers - pantalones
 jersey - jersey  uniform - uniforme
 jumper - jersey  waistcoat - chaleco
 knickers - bragas  wellingtons - botas de
 nightdress - camisón goma
 mini-skirt - mini-falda  zip - cremallera

Associated Vocabulary
 changing room - probador  shoe size - numero de
 get dressed - vestirse zapatos
 it fits you - le sienta bien  take off - quitar

(tamaño)  too tight - demasiado

 it suits you - le sienta bien pequeño

 match - hacer juego con  try on - probar

 naked - desnudo  undress - desnudarse

 put on - poner  waist - cintura

 size - talla  wear - llevar puesto

http://campus.unadvirtual.org/campus/file.php/7/UNAD/CONTENTS/20071/EN00/data/un
it005_index.html

INFOGRAFÍA

ONLINE CONTENT - ENGLISH 0

http://campus.unadvirtual.org/campus/file.php/7/UNAD/CONTENTS/20071/EN00/data/un
it002_017.html

http://www.inglestotal.com/lesson-2-pronouns-and-the-verb-to-be-in-the-present-simple-
tense/

http://estudiaingles.blogspot.com/2011/01/lecciones-de-ingles-gratis-en-internet.html

http://127.0.0.1:51235/newPackage Commented [A1]: