Measure, Integration& Real Analysis
preliminary edition
18 April 2019
Sheldon Axler
Measure, Integration & Real Analysis.
Preliminary edition. 18 April 2019. ©2019 Sheldon Axler
Dedicated toPaul Halmos, Don Sarason, and Allen Shields,the three mathematicians who most helped me become a mathematician.
About the Author
Sheldon Axler was valedictorian of his high school in Miami, Florida. He received hisAB from Princeton University with highest honors, followed by a PhD in Mathematics
from the University of California at Berkeley.
As a postdoctoral Moore Instructor at MIT, Axler received a university-wideteaching award. Axler was then an assistant professor, associate professor, andprofessor at Michigan State University, where he received the first J. Sutherland
Frame Teaching Award and the Distinguished Faculty Award.
Axler received the Lester R. Ford Award for expository writing from the Mathe-
matical Association of America in 1996. In addition to publishing numerous research
papers, Axler is the author of six mathematics textbooks, ranging from freshman to
graduate level. His book
Linear Algebra Done Right
has been adopted as a textbook
at over 300 universities and colleges.
Axler has served as Editor-in-Chief of the
Mathematical Intelligencer
and As-sociate Editor of the
American Mathematical Monthly
. He has been a member of the Council of the American Mathematical Society and a member of the Board of
Trustees of the Mathematical Sciences Research Institute. Axler has also served on
the editorial board of Springer’s series Undergraduate Texts in Mathematics, Graduate
Texts in Mathematics, Universitext, and Springer Monographs in Mathematics.
Axler has been honored by appointments as a Fellow of the American Mathe-matical Society and as a Senior Fellow of the California Council on Science and
Technology.
Axler joined San Francisco State University as Chair of the Mathematics Depart-
ment in 1997. In 2002, Axler became Dean of the College of Science & Engineering
at San Francisco State University. After serving as Dean for thirteen years, Axler re-
turned to a regular faculty appointment as a professor in the Mathematics
Department
.
Measure, Integration & Real Analysis.
Preliminary edition. 18 April 2019. ©2019 Sheldon Axler
iii
Contents
(
tentative beyond Chapter 10
)
iii
xi
xii1
1
2
7
9
12
2
13
14
14
15
18
21
23
25
26
28
29
31
38
41
41
42
45
Measure, Integration & Real Analysis.
Preliminary edition. 18 April 2019. ©2019 Sheldon Axler
iv