Fire Safety Compliance Among Boarding Ho

FIRE SAFETY COMPLIANCE AMONG BOARDING HOUSES AND DORMITORIES IN
PSU VILLAGE
A Thesis
Presented to the Faculty of the
College of Criminal Justice Education
Panpacific University North Philippines
Urdaneta City, Pangasinan
In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Degree
Bachelor of Science in Criminology
By:
BAGUIO, DONETA ROSE G.
BANAYAT, JEMMAR I.
FRANCIA, SHARIFA M.
MABALOT, JOHN ALVIN M.
VIUDA, ANNIE F.
OCTOBER 2016
iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The researchers would like to thank first and
foremost the Lord Almighty for giving them the strength,
wisdom, knowledge, courage and resolve in withstanding all
the challenges in completing this study.
Mr. Jayson E. Necida our instructor in College of
Criminal Justice Education, for his inspiring criticism in
critiquing this study; as well our thesis adviser, for his
patience, good advice in the fulfilment our work;
Engr. Brian Quero, our statistician for his
countless assistance and unrelenting patience for the
completion of the statistical problems of this study;
To the Criminology instructors, and to the
colleagues for their wisdom, unending support and to their
encouragement in the completion of this manuscript.
Thank you so much everyone and God bless.
SMF
DRGB
JIB
JAMM
AFV
iv
DEDICATION
We would like to dedicate this research study to our

beloved parents, brothers and sisters for their support,
love and care, to our special someone who are always there
for us and give us their strength.
To our instructors and advisers who gave us wide

knowledge in furnishing this thesis.
Our Alma Matter, Panpacific University North

Philippines, And most of all our almighty God, who gave
enough patience, courage, strength and confidence to us in
accomplishing this research work. This is heartedly
dedicated to all of you.
SMF
DRGB
JIB
JAMM
AFV
v
ABSTRACT
This research is based on the idea of how Boarding
houses and dormitories along the vicinity of PSU Village of
Urdaneta City, Pangasinan comply with the fire safety
requirements of the Republic Act 9514 or the Fire Code of
the Philippines.
This research was guided with the objective of
assessing the fire safety compliance of selected boarding
houses and dormitories operating within the PSU Village,
Urdaneta City, Pangasinan. Specifically, it sought to
determine the level of awareness on compliance of fire
safety of boarding houses and dormitories as perceived by:
(a) Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP) Personnel (b) Owners of
residential occupancies (c) Occupants the boarding houses
and dormitories; the significant difference along the
perception of the (a) Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP)
Personnel, (b) Owners of residential occupancies and (c)
Occupants the boarding houses and dormitories; the degree
of seriousness of the problems being encountered in the
fire safety compliance among residential occupancies as
encountered by (a) Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP)
Personnel, (b) Owners of residential occupancies and (c)
Occupants the boarding houses and dormitories in PSU

vi
Village; and the resolution or action plan to answer the
problems encountered in fire safety compliance.
The findings of this study includes: The Bureau of
Fire Protection personnel and the owners of boarding houses
and dormitories in PSU Village are very much aware on the
compliance of fire safety of boarding houses and
dormitories while the occupants of boarding houses and
dormitories are only much aware of the fire safety
compliance; There is no significant difference along the
perception of Bureau of Fire Protection personnel and the
owners of boarding houses and dormitories and the occupants
of boarding houses and dormitories to the level of
awareness in fire safety compliance and to the degree of
seriousness of problems being encountered in fire safety
compliance; The Bureau of Fire Protection personnel and the
owners of boarding houses and dormitories and the occupants
of boarding houses and dormitories find the problems being
encountered in the fire safety compliance of boarding
houses and dormitories as “serious” with its degree of
seriousness; A proposed action plan has been conveyed to
improve the fire safety compliance of boarding houses and
dormitories in PSU Village.

vii
The recommendations are drawn based from the
conclusions of the study: The Bureau of Fire Protection
should make inspections parallel to the type of boarding
houses or dormitories and give a list of fire safety
requirements for compliance of the owner depending on the
type of the property owned in order to improve the
awareness of fire safety compliance; Owners of boarding
houses and dormitories should consider quarterly or annual
interval inspection on their compliance of fire safety
requirements to enhance the improvement of the fire safety
compliance and therefore lessen the degree of seriousness
of problems being encountered; The owners, upon inspection,
if found to be non-compliant must immediately make efforts
and or action to comply with the fire safety requirements;
The Local Government of Urdaneta City must adhere to the
provisions of the Code, that prior to the issuance of
Business permit, a Fire Safety Inspection Certificate
(FSIC) must be secured first; The owners should encourage
the occupants to participate is fire safety drill or
seminar conducted in the City; The Bureau of Fire
Protection should strengthen a participative community
through the activation of the Village Fire Fighting Action
Team; The owners should provide “Forcible entry tools”, use
to gain entry or exit into building when normal entry or

viii
exit are locked or blocked; That the Bureau of Fire
Protection, Local Government Unit, Owners of boarding
houses and dormitories together with the occupants be
opened in practicing some or all of the plans of actions
that this study has proposed; A parallel study should be
undertaken along this line to include the variable which
was not explored in this present investigation.

ix
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE i
APPROVAL SHEET ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iii
DEDICATION iv
ABSTRACT v
TABLE OF CONTENTS ix
LIST OF TABLES xi
LIST OF FIGURES xii
CHAPTER I THE PROBLEM 1
Background of the Study 1

Conceptual Framework 18
Statement of the Problem 24
Hypothesis 25
CHAPTER II DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY 26
Research Design 26
Population and Locale of the Study 27
Data Gathering Instrument 28
Data Gathering Procedure 28
Statistical Treatment of Data 29
CHAPTER III RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 32
Results and Discussion 32

Action Plan 47
CHAPTER IV CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 51
Findings 51
Conclusion 52
x
Recommendation 53
REFERENCES 55
APPENDICES 57
CURRICULUM VITAE 83
xi
LIST OF TABLES
Level of awareness in compliance of fire safety

among boarding houses and dormitories in
PSU Village, Urdaneta City, Pangasinan 33
Significant difference along the perception of the BFP

Personnel, owners of boarding houses and dormitories and
the occupants of the boarding houses and dormitories
to the level of awareness in compliance of fire
safety among boarding houses and dormitories in PSU
Village, Urdaneta City, Pangasinan 36
Degree of seriousness of problems encountered in

fire safety compliance among boarding houses and
dormitories in PSU Village,
Urdaneta City, Pangasinan 38

the occupants of the boarding houses and dormitories to
the degree of seriousness of problems encountered in
dormitories in PSU Village,
Urdaneta City, Pangasinan 45
Action plan to enhance the fire safety

compliance of the boarding houses and
dormitories in PSU Village 47
xii
LIST OF FIGURES
Paradigm of the Study 21

1
CHAPTER I
THE PROBLEM
Background of the Study
Fire is as old as the Earth itself. They had long
burned out of control over immense areas but when early
man first sniffed the air and smelled smoked, the opening
page in the history of fire was written. For thousand
years, people have been using fire to warm themselves,
cook their food, and soften metals so they could be
hammered or cast into new and useful shapes. Both the
problems and benefits of fire quickly became evident.
(Necida, 2015).
The degree of usefulness which fire possesses is
conditioned by the care which man applied in handling it.
As such, the task of fire prevention/control has become a
pressing concern of the government, alongside with the
responsibility of curbing lawlessness in the country.
This is so, in the face of the alarming figure of losses
yearly, resulting from reported conflagration. The threat
of conflagration is greater in cities and municipalities
where establishments tend to employ machines that require
a greater capacity of working power. Under this
circumstance, the need for a functional fire prevention

2
program is imperative to avoid the vast damages wrought
by fire. The people’s chances against the dangers of fire
depend on the extent to which fire prevention program is
implemented. A continuous inspection program is necessary
to ensure compliance with fire regulation. It can
eliminate conditions that contribute to fire hazards.
Thorough inspection must be made by qualified fire
department personnel to buildings, structures and
processes at regular intervals. (Bustria, 2013).
According to Bustria (2013), the long term
reliability of fire protection equipment and devices is
very important. Inherently, the tasks of fire prevention
always belong to the people by whose hands many fires are
caused. Thus, it is very important for everyone to comply
with the requirements of the local fire safety ordinances
and to be always fire-safety-conscious in disposition,
because there is the only way that disastrous fire can be
best averted.
The modern day fire brigade has evolved following
many years of development and improvements since pre-
history. From the time man discovered fire, he has also
battled to control the flames. The first organized
firefighting is believed to have originated in the United

3
Kingdom during the Roman invasion in AD43. Even then,
fighting fires was often limited to nothing better than
buckets of water or simple syringes that squirted water
at the fire. Once the Romans left, firefighting took a
backward step as communities fell into decline. During
the middle ages many towns and cities simply burned down
because of ineffective firefighting techniques and
because of the building materials used during that time,
were mainly wood. Following some spectacular losses some
parishes implemented basic firefighting methods with no
regulations or standards that were in force. The Great
Fire of London, in 1666, changed things and helped to
standardize urban firefighting.
Fire protection and fire prevention as stated by
Banatao (2013) were not taken seriously until London
suffered the worst fire in history in 1666. This incident
destroyed thirteen thousand (13,000) buildings and left
thousands of persons homeless.
Fire protection includes fire prevention and fire
suppression activities.
Priorities for the fire service always have been and
will continue to be fire suppression and rescue. (Norman,
2009).
4
Fire prevention is a function of many fire
departments. The goal of fire prevention is to educate
the public to take precautions to prevent potentially
harmful fires, and be educated about surviving them. It
is a proactive method of reducing emergencies and the
damage caused by them. Fire safety is the set of
practices intended to reduce the destruction caused
by fire. Fire safety measures include those that are
intended to prevent ignition of an uncontrolled fire, and
those that are used to limit the development and effects
of a fire after it started.
In modern fire service, preventing the outbreak of
fire is considered equally as essential to public safety
as proficiency in firefighting procedures. (Hudson ,2005)
Safety refers to the state of being "safe", the
condition of being protected from harm or other non-
desirable outcomes. Safety can also refer to the control
of recognized hazards in order to achieve an acceptable
level of risk. While fire safety refers to precautions
that are taken to prevent or reduce the likelihood of a
fire that may result in death, injury, or property
damage, alert those is a structure to the presence of an
uncontrolled fire is the event of one occurs, better

5
enable those threatened by a fire to survive, or to
reduce the damage caused by fire. Fire safety measures
include those that are planned during the construction of
a building or designed in structures that already exist
and those preventive measures that were that are taught
to occupants of the buildings. Fire safety and prevention
are important issues and shared responsibilities of all
community residents including government agencies, for
the safety of the family. Fire safety and prevention
efforts require community collaboration and partnership,
effective public awareness and educational programs to
adequately protect families. Ongoing research into the
etiology of home fires has identified a number of risk
factors that are associated with a higher rate of
incidence and fire related injuries and death. Many of
these factors such as lower socioeconomic levels,
substandard housing, overcrowded conditions, alcohol and
drug abuse and lack of supervision are similar to the
characteristics of the families involved. The municipal
fire departments are responsible for firefighting,
implementing local public fire safety and prevention
programs and conducting inspections to enforce the Fire
Code, in order to educate establishment and home owners

6
to be knowledgeable in preventing fire incidents.
(Comoda, 2014).
In international setting, in United States of
America, according to research conducted by the National
Fire Protection Association (NFPA), there were
approximately 370,000 residential fires in the U.S. in
2011, resulting in an estimated $6.9 billion in property
losses, and the deaths of more than 2,500 civilian
occupants and firefighters. While the annual number of
fire-related deaths has remained relatively stable in
recent years, some NFPA statistics indicate that
firefighter deaths inside the structures are occurring at
higher rates than those reported 30 or 40 years ago. This
data clearly indicates that residential fires and
firefighting efforts continue to pose a significant risk
to occupants and members of the fire service. (Kerber,
2012)
Meanwhile, Yatim, Yahya Mohamad on 2015, in his
research, investigated the effects of escape route design
and specification, and time taken on evacuation process
in high-rise residential buildings in Malaysia. The aim
is to produce a fire safety model on how fire safety
standards in high-rise residential buildings can be

7
achieved by investigating the relationship between human
behavior and structural design, particularly escape route
design and specification. In Malaysia, research on fire
safety is very new, particularly research on provision of
fire safety in high-rise residential buildings. The
number of fire cases involved residential buildings is
significantly high compared to other building types.
Thus, escape routes in high-rise residential buildings
should be designed and constructed to enable the
occupants to evacuate the building as soon as fire has
been detected.
According to Netherlands Institute for Safety
(2009), the most crucial aspect of a building's safety in
the face of fire is the possibility of a safe escape. An
important precondition is that its fire safety facilities
enable independent and adequate fire response
performances by the building's occupants. In practice, it
appears that the measures currently required by law do
not always provide the support that people in burning
buildings need. Consequently, understanding how
individuals behave in the case of fire and fire
evacuation is essential if we are to bring fire safety
measures into line with occupants’ needs during an
incident. This paper contains a review of the available

8
literature on human behaviour in a fire so far as
building safety is concerned. The findings are presented
as an overview of the critical factors which determine
occupants’ fire response performances, namely the
characteristics of fire, human beings and buildings. The
study highlights that some of the assumptions about the
existing paradigm of fire safety in buildings are not
consistent with the knowledge set out in the literature.
The key observation is that psychonomics appear to have
significant influence on occupants’ fire response
performances. Accordingly, the traditional approach to
fire safety will have to be supplemented by scientific
knowledge from this field. Hence, there is a need for a
new approach to fire safety design in buildings, which is
set out herein.
Republic Act No. 9514 is an act establishing a
Comprehensive Fire Code of the Philippines, repealing
Presidential Decree No. 1185 known as the “Revised Fire
Code of the Philippines of 2008”. It is the policy of the
state to ensure public safety and promote economic
development through the prevention and suppression of all
kinds of destructive fires and promote the
professionalization of the fire service as a profession.

9
Therefore, the state shall enforce all laws, rules
and regulations to ensure adherence to standard fire
prevention and safety measures, and promote
accountability for fire safety in the fire protection
service and prevention service. The provisions of the
Fire Code shall apply to all persons and all private and
public buildings, facilities or structures erected or
constructed before and after its affectivity. The Bureau
of Fire Protection is the primary agency mandated with
the enforcement of the Fire Code of the Philippines and
other pertinent laws pertaining to fire safety.
As a public safety agency, the Fire Bureau is also
mandated for the prevention and suppression of all
destructive fires on buildings, houses and other
structures, forest, land transportation vehicles and
equipment, ships or vessels docked at piers or wharves or
anchored in major seaports, petroleum industry
installations, plane crashes and other similar incidents.
The Fire Bureau shall have the power to investigate
all causes of fires and, if necessary, file the proper
complaints with the city or provincial prosecutor who has
jurisdiction over the case as stated in RA 6975, Section
54.
10
The Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP), the sole
authority in fire prevention and suppression of the
country adheres to the fire protection dichotomy that
amplifies the main focus of the Bureau, and this is
prevention plus suppression equals protection (BFP
Proposed Operational Manual).
Under division 12 of the Implementing Rules and
Regulation of RA 9514, there are five (5) types of
residential occupancies namely, hotels, dormitories,
apartment buildings, lodging and rooming houses, and
single-and-two family dwellings. Hotels includes
buildings or groups of building under the same management
in which there are more than fifteen (15) sleeping
accommodations for hire, primarily used by transients who
are lodged with or without meals, whether designated as a
hotel, inn, motel, or by any other name. So-called
appartelle, condotel or pension houses shall be
classified as hotels, because they are potentially
subject to transient occupancy like that of hotels.
Dormitories, includes buildings where group sleeping
accommodation are provided for persons, not members of
the same family group in one room or in series of closely
associated room under joint occupancy and single
management, as in college dormitories, convents,

11
fraternity houses, military barracks, and the like.
Apartment Buildings, includes buildings containing three
(3) or more living units independent cooking and bathroom
facilities, whether designated as condominium, row house,
apartment house, tenement, garden apartment, or by any
other name. Lodging or rooming houses, includes building
in which separate sleeping rooms are rented providing
sleeping accommodations for a total of fifteen (15) or
less persons, on either a transient or permanent basis,
with or without meals, but without separate cooking
facilities for individual occupants. Single-and-Two
Family Dwellings, includes detached dwellings in which
each living unit is occupied by members of a single
family.
In national setting, Manila, Philippines, fire broke
out in a residential area in Barangay Pinagbuhatan in
Pasig City on Saturday morning. According to the Pasig
Fire Department, more than 500 houses or 1,000 families
have been affected by the fire in Bolante 2 San Agustin
Street. The fire that broke out before 9 a.m. quickly
spread to nearby houses. Six people, including one fire
volunteer, were injured in the incident. Winds and
occasional Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) tank explosions
have made the fire harder to put out. The Bureau of Fire
12
Protection raised the general alarm to alert firemen in
neighboring areas to respond and help put out the fire.
Meanwhile, helicopters from the Philippine Air Force
conducted water drop on the affected area in a bid to
quell the fire. (GMANews, 2015)
Living in a boarding house or dormitory is necessary
for students who come from far places. In Davao City, an
observable statistics of university students from
neighboring provinces and the city’s outskirts live in
these temporary residences. However, reports revealed
that these housing facilities, most of the time, fail to
consider students’ safety and welfare. This study
determined the living conditions of university students
in boarding houses and dormitories. This is anchored on
the premise that the physical and environmental
components of these residential facilities could affect
students’ holistic well-being. Data elicited through
survey involving five hundred seventy-one (571)
respondents and focused group discussion among selected
groups of student-boarders/dormers, revealed that a
student’s stay in a boarding house and dormitory has
significant contributions to his/her personal, social,
academic and emotional growth. But, this has nothing to

13
do with the development of his/her spirituality. Results
demonstrated further, that respondents have recognized
their boarding houses and dormitories possessing good
basic housing facilities. However, they felt the
deficiency in the provisions of safety and security
facilities especially on fire escapes or exits and fire
extinguishers. This manifested that most operators have
violated some requirements set under the Building Code of
the Philippines (Brilliantes, 2013)
In Quezon City, Philippines, dubbed as the worst
hotel fire in Philippine history, the Manor Hotel fire
incident placed second on the list. Claiming 75 lives,
the Manor Hotel fire incident happened last August 18,
2001 were 172 people checked in as participants of an
evangelical convention sponsored by Don Clowers Ministry
from Texas, USA. According to reports, around 62 hotel
guests died on the scene with 13 more guests succumbed to
death on their hospital bed, 57 more people were taken at
nearby hospital for third degree burn treatment. Manor
Hotel fire survivors said that the hotel lacked fire
exits which clearly violated building safety standards
and regulations. A fireman also shared that majority of
the victims were trapped in their respective hotel rooms
with possible exit windows blocked by metal grills.

14
In local setting, in the year 2015, fire incidents
in the province of Pangasinan almost tripled with 286
already recorded in the first quarter. F/Chief Inspector
Arthur Sawate, provincial fire marshal, said there were
less than 100 fire incidents across the province over the
same period last year. He attributed the increase to the
rash of number of forest fires, grass fires and garbage
fires. Residential fire cases recorded 40 percent rise
from last year’s data. Among common causes of house fires
were faulty electrical wiring, overload and continuous
use of defective home appliances, and careless handling
of cooking stoves. However, Sawate pointed out that
despite the rash of fire cases, there were no casualties
reported. Meanwhile, Sawate said 11 towns in Pangasinan
still have no fire stations, namely Urbiztondo, San
Jacinto, Alcala, Bautista, Sto. Tomas, Aguilar, Labrador,
Burgos, Mabini, Basista and Infanta. Sawate said the
national government has not purchased the lot and
building for use as fire station so negotiations continue
for the donation of an area where the Bureau of Fire
Protection (BFP) can build the fire stations. He also
clarified that Aguilar, Labrador, Bautista, Urbiztondo
and Infanta towns, have fire trucks. To deal with the
problem, BFP has resorted to town clustering making towns

15
with existing fire stations to partner with those that do
not have fire stations.
Banatao (2013) found out in her research entitled,
“Fire Prevention Program of Calamba City”, that the three
problems of BFP personnel in Calamba City in the
implementation of the fire prevention program are: (1)
outmodeled firefighting equipment, (2) inadequate
manpower and (3) inadequate firefighting supplies. This
result is similar with the problems encountered by the
personnel of Urdaneta City Fire Station in implementing
the fire prevention program of the BFP.
Enesto F. Gandia (2008), in his thesis entitled Fire
Prevention Program of the Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP)
in Urdaneta City, he evaluated the Fire Prevention
Program particularly the enforcement phase of the BFP in
the City of Urdaneta during the period of 2006 to 2007,
as to whether it was fully implemented or not. It is also
determined the extent of compliance by the
business/building owners/occupants to the standards of
the Fire Code of the Philippines as assessed by the BFP
personnel of Urdaneta City and the level of effectiveness
in the implementation of the Fire Prevention Program as
perceived by the BFP personnel and residents of the city.

16
The problems encountered problems were also looked into.
Study shows that on the conduct of fire safety inspection
as a requirement to the grant of permits/licenses, for
the occupancy of the building and installation of fire
protection and fire safety equipment the personnel and
residents have the same descriptive rating of “high.”
Perception with regards to the level of effectiveness of
the Fire Prevention Program on fire safety requirements
to business, structures and their premises or facilities
BFP personnel rate it high compared to the residents with
moderate. Extent of Compliance to the Fire Code of the
Philippines, the BFP personnel assessed the compliance
standards as high.
The existence if reliable baseline data and research
on the fire safety compliance of selected boarding houses
and dormitories in the PSU Village is important in
developing and adapting relevant fire preventions
programs and strategies. Such data are equally important
for the monitoring and evaluation of activities
undertaken.
With the abovementioned scenarios, this aimed to
determine the degree/extent of fire safety compliance of
selected boarding houses and dormitories in the PSU

17
Village. In this research, the researcher have studied
about the advantages and disadvantages of living in a
usual dwelling or in a different kind of residential
occupancies as classified by the RA 9514. Researchers
focused much of their attention in studying the
importance of complying fire safety among boarding houses
and dormitories in the PSU Village for it was related on
the securities and safety of persons living in a
particular dwelling.
Compliance to the law implies safeguarding and
respecting it, thus, this research aims to determine the
compliance of the fire safety measures of different
boarding houses and dormitories to further determine the
safety of populace within the vicinity of PSU Village, in
which many students and workers live and go to. Safety of
the youth implies safety of the future hence, providing
safety to them is the same as ensuring the safety of the
young leaders of this country.

18
Conceptual Framework
This study was based on the Republic Act No.9514
also known as the “Revised Fire Code of the Philippines
of 2008”. It is the policy of the state to ensure public
safety and promote economic development through the
prevention and suppression of all kinds of destructive
fires and promote the professionalization of the fire
service as a profession. Towards this end, the state
shall enforce all laws, rules and regulations to ensure
adherence to standard fire prevention and safety
measures, and promote accountability for fire safety in
the fire protection service and prevention service. The
provisions of the Fire Code shall apply to all persons
and all private and public buildings, facilities or
structures erected or constructed before and after its
effectivity.
In relation to fire safety, Presidential Decree No.
1096, known as the National Building Code of the
Philippines was enacted to safeguard life, health,
property, and public welfare, consistent with the
principles of sound environmental management and control;
and to this end, make it the purpose of this Code to
provide for all buildings and structures, a framework of

19
minimum standards and requirements to regulate and
control their location, site, design quality of
materials, construction, use, occupancy, and maintenance.
In addition, fire safety also includes the Electrical
Code of the Philippines which provides rules and
regulations related with the fire prevention and fire
protection in the Philippine setting.
In the City of Sydney, they taken fire safety very
seriously and had a number of programs in place to help
prevent building fires and minimize their impact. Every
year the owner of a building or premises must provide the
City with Fire and Rescue statement certifying that all
fire-safety measures work properly. This statement must
be assessed by qualified personnel and be displayed
prominently within the building. The City charges an
administration fee for the handling and management of
submitted annual fire safety statements. The fee came
into effect on July 1, 2015. An invoice will be provided
in accordance with the City's fees and charges, which
will set out the payment conditions. They have that so
called “supplementary fire safety statement”, a
supplementary fire safety statement that applies to fire
control measures and it is important that they must be

20
certified more frequently than every 12 months. The
frequency will be stated on the premises’ fire-safety
schedule.
They also have “Essential Fire Safety Measures”,
these measures include installations, equipment or forms
of construction that will protect occupants of a building
in the event of fire or other emergencies. They included,
automatic fire detection and alarm systems, automatic
fire suppression systems, such as sprinkler systems,
emergency lighting and exit signs, fire hose reels, fire
hydrants and portable fire extinguishers, fire doors and
mechanical air-handling systems, lightweight fire-
resistant construction materials.

21
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
1. The level of Determination of:

awareness on
compliance of fire 1. The level of
safety of boarding
awareness on
houses and
dormitories among the compliance of fire
perception of the safety boarding
Bureau of Fire houses and
Protection (BFP) dormitories among
Personnel, Owners of the Bureau of Fire
boarding houses and Protection (BFP)
dormitory in PSU Personnel, Owners
Village, and the of boarding houses
occupants of the
and dormitory in
boarding houses and
dormitories. PSU Village, and
the occupants of
2. The significant the boarding
difference along the houses and
Proposed action
perception of the (a) dormitories; plan to enhance
Bureau of Fire the fire safety
Protection (BFP)
personnel, (b) owners
2. The significant compliance of the
of boarding houses difference along boarding houses
and dormitories and the perception of
the respondents;
and dormitories
(c) occupants of the
boarding houses and and in PSU Village
dormitories.
3. The degree of
3. The degree of seriousness of the
seriousness of the problems being
problems being
encountered in the
encountered in the
fire safety of the fire safety
boarding houses and compliance of
dormitories by the boarding houses and
(a) Bureau of Fire dormitories by the
Protection (BFP) respondents.
Personnel, (b) Owners
of boarding houses
and dormitories in
PSU Village and (c)
occupants of the
boarding houses and
dormitories.
Figure 1. Paradigm of the Study

22
The Input of the study consists of the level of
awareness on compliance of fire safety of boarding houses
and dormitories among the Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP)
personnel, owners of boarding houses and dormitories in
PSU Village and the occupants of the boarding houses and
dormitories. It also includes significant difference
along the perception of the (a) Bureau of Fire Protection
(BFP) personnel, (b) owners of boarding houses and
dormitories and (c) occupants of the boarding houses and
dormitories. Lastly, The degree of seriousness of the
problems being encountered in the fire safety of boarding
houses and dormitories by the (a) Bureau of Fire
Protection (BFP) Personnel, (b) owners of boarding houses
and dormitories in PSU Village and (c) occupants of the
boarding houses and dormitories.
The process frame includes the determination of the
level of awareness on compliance of fire safety boarding
houses and dormitories among the Bureau of Fire
Protection (BFP) Personnel, owners of boarding houses and
dormitory in PSU Village, and the occupants of the
boarding houses and dormitories. It also includes the
determination of the significant difference along the
perception of the respondents.

23
Lastly, it includes the degree of seriousness of the
problems being encountered in the fire safety compliance
of boarding houses and dormitories by the respondents.
The output will include the determination of the level
of awareness on compliance of fire safety of boarding
houses and dormitories among the Bureau of Fire
Protection (BFP) Personnel, the owners of boarding houses
and dormitories in PSU Village, and the occupants of the
boarding houses and dormitories. It will also include the
differentiated difference along the perception of the
respondents. It also includes the assessed the problems
being encountered in the fire safety compliance of
boarding houses and dormitories by the respondents.
Lastly, the outcome will include the proposed action
plan to enhance the fire safety compliance of the
boarding houses and dormitories in PSU Village

24
Statement of the Problem
This study aimed to discover the Fire Safety
compliance among the selected boarding houses and
Specifically it sought to answer the following
questions:
1. What is the level of awareness on compliance of fire
safety of boarding houses and dormitories as
perceived by:
a. Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP) Personnel
b. Owners of boarding houses and dormitories
c. Occupants of the boarding houses and dormitories
2. Is there a significant difference along the
perception of the (a) Bureau of Fire Protection
(BFP) Personnel, and (b) owners of boarding houses
and dormitories and (c) occupants of the boarding
houses and dormitories?
3. What is the degree of seriousness of the problems
being encountered in the fire safety compliance
among boarding houses and dormitories as encountered
by (a) Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP) Personnel,
(b) owners of boarding houses and dormitories in PSU

25
Village and (c) occupants of the boarding houses and
dormitories?
4. What action plan can be proposed to answer the
problems encountered in fire safety compliance?
Hypothesis
There is no significant difference along the
perception of the Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP)
Personnel, owners of boarding houses and dormitories in
PSU Village and occupants of the boarding houses and
dormitories.
26
CHAPTER II
DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY
This chapter presents the research design and
methodology, population and locale of the study, data
gathering tools, data gathering procedure and treatment
of data.
Research Design
The descriptive-correlational design was used in
this study since it seeks to gather data or information
about the present and existing conditions, describe the
nature of the situation as it exist at the time of the
study and explore the results of particular phenomena. A
survey questionnaire for the respondents was the main
instrument for gathering the data needed. The
questionnaire will be supplemented with observation
primarily for the purpose of sustaining or exploring
further the answer reflected by the respondent in the
questionnaire.
In this study, the reseacher determined the
difference along the perception of the BFP Personnel,
owners of boarding houses and dormitories and the
occupants of the boarding house or dormitory, in terms of

27
level of awareness in compliance with the fire safety as
perceived by the respondents and the problems being
encountered in the fire safety standards among boarding
houses and dormitories. Thus descriptive-correlational
design was deemed most appropriate because it describes
the relationships of two quantitative variables.
Population and Locale of the study
In this study, the PSU Village, Urdaneta City,
Pangasinan was taken as the research locale.
The study made use of three (3) groups of
respondents, the selected BFP Personnel, owners of
boarding houses and dormitories in PSU Village and the
occupants of boarding houses and dormitories. Out of the
total four-hundred twenty three (423) total population,
at least two hundred six (206) was taken as a sample,
hence, this research took two-hundred six (206)
population randomly which served as the sample of the
study. The respondents of the study were composed of
twelve (12) BFP Personnel, ten (10) owners of boarding
houses and dormitories and one hundred eighty four (184)
occupants of boarding houses and dormitories.

28
Data Gathering Instrument
The researcher used the questionnaire as a main tool
in data gathering for this study. The questionnaire was
submitted to competent professionals who are expert in
the field for validation purposes.
The questionnaire consisted of two parts. The first
part pertained to the level of awareness in compliance of
fire safety of boarding houses and dormitories in PSU
Village as provided by the Fire Code. The last part of
the questionnaire dealt with the common problems
encountered in the fire safety compliance among boarding
houses and dormitories in PSU Village.
The main part of the questionnaire taken from the
Fire Code of the Philippines, were validated by
criminological research experts and was deemed valid.
Data Gathering Procedure
Upon validation of the research instrument, the
researchers requested the approval to administer the
instrument to the boarding houses and dormitories in PSU
Village from the Head of the Bureau of Fire Protection.
After approval, the researchers floated the
questionnaire through random sampling. The researchers

29
themselves administered the questionnaire and of the two
hundred six (206) determined members of the sample, one-
hundred percent (100%) retrieval was obtained.
Statistical Treatment of Data
The results were tabulated and specific statistical
treatment of data were used for each problems indicated.
To determine the level of awareness in compliance
with fire safety standard of boarding houses and
dormitories in PSU Village as perceived by the Bureau of
Fire Protection (BFP) Personnel, owners of residential
occupancies and occupants of the boarding houses and
dormitories, the average weighted mean (AWM) was
employed.
Weighted means was interpreted using the following
pre-set criteria:
Pre-set criteria for the level of awareness on
compliance of fire safety as perceived by the BFP
the occupants of boarding houses and dormitories.

30
Limits Descriptive Equivalent
3.25 – 4.00 Very Much Aware
2.50 – 3.24 Much Aware
1.75 – 2.49 Slightly Aware
1.00 – 1.74 Not Aware
The significant difference along the perception of the
Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP) Personnel, owners
residential occupancies and occupants of the boarding
houses and dormitories the in PSU Village and occupants of
the boarding houses and dormitories Chi-square Test of
Goodness Fit was used.
The seriousness of the problems being encountered in
the fire safety compliance among residential occupancies as
encountered by Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP) Personnel,
owners of boarding houses and dormitories, was also
determined with the use of weighted means.
Average weighted mean is used to determine the
among boarding houses and dormitories.
Weighted means was interpreted using the following
pre-set criteria:
31
Pre-set criteria for the problems being encountered in
the fire safety compliance among boarding houses and
dormitories by the BFP Personnel, owners of boarding houses
and dormitories and occupants of boarding houses and
dormitories
Limits Descriptive Equivalent
3.25 – 4.00 Very Serious
2.50 – 3.24 Serious
1.75 – 2.49 Slightly Serious
1.00 – 1.74 Not Serious

32
CHAPTER III
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
This chapter presents the results obtained from the
data gathering procedure in response to the posited
research questions.
The data that were collected, summarized and organized
were further presented and analysed in this chapter of the
study in pursuit of finding answers to the presented
research problems.
The level of awareness on fire safety compliance of

boarding houses and dormitories in PSU Village,
Table 1 shows the results of the level of awareness on
fire safety compliance of boarding houses and dormitories
in PSU Village, Urdaneta City, Pangasinan as perceived by
BFP Personnel, owners of boarding houses and dormitories
and the occupants of the boarding houses and dormitories.
Indicators which determine the fire safety compliance
were all taken from the Fire Code of the Philippines
itself. This part of the study were composed of seventeen
(17) items which was used as a basis in fire safety
compliance.
Table 1
Level of awareness in compliance of fire safety among boarding houses and dormitories in PSU village, Urdaneta City,
Pangasinan
BFP
Indicators Personnel Owners Occupants
AWM DE AWM DE AWM DE
1. Conduct of fire safety inspection prior to the release 3.67 VMA 4.00 VMA 2.77 MA
of Building and Occupancy Permit
2. Availability of fire extinguisher 3.42 VMA 3.90 VMA 3.14 MA
3. Availability of fire alarm system 3.50 VMA 3.80 VMA 2.87 MA
4. Availability of Smoke/ heat detectors 3.50 VMA 3.60 VMA 2.56 MA
5. Presence of emergency exit route plan 3.50 VMA 3.40 VMA 2.57 MA
6. Minimum requirements of door width 3.08 MA 3.70 MA 2.63 MA
7. Presence of secondary exit/ door 3.58 VMA 3.60 VMA 2.45 SA
8. Availability of automatic emergency lights 3.25 VMA 3.60 VMA 2.64 MA
9. Availability of secondary stair/ fire escape ladder 3.50 VMA 3.80 VMA 2.71 MA
10. Availability of area of safe refuge 3.33 VMA 3.30 VMA 2.41 SA
11. Availability of exit sign 3.25 VMA 3.50 VMA 2.34 SA
12. Availability of fire or safety signage 3.33 VMA 3.00 MA 2.42 SA
13. Availability of protection of vertical openings 2.75 MA 3.30 VMA 2.16 SA
14. Availability of standpipe system 3.00 MA 3.20 MA 2.13 SA

15. Availability of automatic fire suppression system 3.17 MA 3.10 MA 2.15 SA
(sprinkler system)
16. Availability of fire wall 3.42 VMA 3.00 MA 2.24 SA
17. Availability of building service equipment 2.75 MA 3.40 VMA 2.57 MA
Over-all 3.29 VMA 3.48 VMA 2.52 MA
LEGEND: AWM = Average Weighted Mean; DE = Descriptive Equivalent; 3.25 – 4.00 =
Very Much Aware (VMA); 2.50 – 3.24 = Much Aware (MA); 1.75 – 2.49 = Slightly
Aware (SA); 1.00 – 1.74 = Not Aware (NA)
33
34
It can be seen in the table 1 that BFP Personnel, the
result showed that BFP Personnel are very much aware (VMA)
of the compliance requirements on fire safety of boarding
houses and dormitories in PSU Village, Urdaneta City with
an over-all weighted mean of 3.29.
Also, table shows that owners are very much aware
(VMA) of the compliance requirements on fire safety of
boarding houses and dormitories in PSU Village, Urdaneta
City with an over-all weighted mean of 3.48 respectively.
The results imply that the BFP Personnel and owners
are conscious of the occurrence of the requirements in the
fire safety.
However, the table shows that, the occupants of the
boarding houses and dormitories are only much aware (MA) of
the compliance requirements on fire safety of boarding
houses and dormitories in PSU Village, Urdaneta City with
an over-all weighted mean of 2.52. This implies that
occupants are open minded regarding the fire safety
compliance and have knowledge regarding fire safet.
However, their awareness can still be improved.
It is noticeable in the table that “Availability of
standpipe system” and “Availability of automatic fire

35
suppression system (sprinkler system)” garnered the lowest
average weighted means, which means that the occupants are
slightly aware of it, this result negated to what Budnick
said (2006), Fire protection experts generally agree that
automatic sprinklers system represent one of the single,
most significant aspects of a fire management program.
Properly designed, installed, and maintained, these systems
can overcome deficiencies in risk management, building
construction, and emergency response. They may also provide
enhanced flexibility of building design and increase the
overall level of fire safety.
A key aspect of fire protection is to identify a
developing fire emergency in a timely manner, and to alert
the building's occupants and fire emergency organizations.
This is the role of fire detection and alarm systems.
Depending on the anticipated fire scenario, building and
use type, number and type of occupants, and criticality of
contents and mission, these systems can provide several
main functions. (Jason Beringer,2012).

36
Table 2

the occupants of the boarding houses and dormitories
to the level of awareness in compliance of fire
safety among boarding houses and dormitories in
PSU village, Urdaneta City, Pangasinan
Chi- Computed
df at α square Chi- Significant
Indicator = 0.05 Tabular square Difference
Value Value
Level of awareness
in compliance of
fire safety among 32 46.194 1.53 NS
boarding houses and
dormitories
Table 2 shows the Significant difference along the
perception of the BFP Personnel, owners of boarding houses
and dormitories and the occupants of the boarding houses
and dormitories to the level of awareness in compliance of
fire safety among boarding houses and dormitories in PSU
village, Urdaneta City, Pangasinan
Since the computed chi-square value of 1.53 is lower
than the critical value of 46.194 at 0.05 level of
significance with 32 degrees of freedom, the null
hypothesis is accepted. This means that the awareness of
the respondents in fire safety compliance has no
significant difference in the compliance of the fire safety
among the boarding houses and dormitories in PSU Village,

37
Urdaneta City, Pangasinan. This implies that the
respondents all agreed on the compliance of fire safety as
provided by the RA 9514 and that they are all aware of the
fire safety compliance requirements.
The degree of seriousness of problems encountered in fire

safety compliance of boarding houses and dormitories
in PSU Village, Urdaneta City, Pangasinan
Table 3 illustrates the degree of seriousness of
problems encountered in fire safety compliance of boarding
houses and dormitories in PSU Village, Urdaneta City,
Pangasinan as perceived by the BFP Personnel, owners of
boarding houses and dormitories and the occupants of the
boarding houses and dormitories.
Indicators which determine the fire safety compliance
were also all taken from the Fire Code of the Philippines
itself. This part of the study were composed of eleven (11)
items which was used as a basis in measuring the degree of
seriousness of problem being encountered on the fire safety
compliance.
Table 3
Degree of seriousness of problems encountered in fire safety compliance among boarding houses and dormitories in PSU
village, Urdaneta City, Pangasinan
BFP
Indicators Personnel Owners Occupants
AWM DE AWM DE AWM DE
1. Business permit are already issued before the inspection 3.50 VS 2.60 S 3.00 S
due to local Gov’t Unit program.
2. Lacks of communication to public regarding the fire 2.75 S 2.40 LS 2.70 S
safety program
3. Occupants lack of information regarding fire safety 3.08 S 2.30 LS 2.61 S
program implementation
4. Inadequate manpower 3.00 S 2.30 LS 2.44 LS
5. Inappropriate fire-fighting equipment 3.08 S 2.70 S 2.52 S
6. Lack of support from Local Government Unit (LGU) 2.92 S 2.80 S 2.43 LS
7. Non-participation of the building owner 3.00 S 2.20 LS 2.51 S
8. Inadequate fire-fighting apparatus 3.00 S 2.30 LS 2.46 LS
9. Inadequate service vehicles 3.08 S 2.70 S 2.54 S
10.Poor information dissemination 3.00 S 2.40 LS 2.47 LS
11. Lack of firefighting equipment 3.00 S 2.70 S 2.60 S
Over-all 3.03 S 2.49 S 2.57 S
LEGEND: AWM = Average Weighted Mean; DE = Descriptive Equivalent; 3.25 – 4.00 =

Very Serious (VS); 2.50 – 3.24; Serious (S); 1.75 – 2.49 = Slightly
Serious (SS); 1.00 – 1.74 = Not Serious (NS)
38
39
The result shows that BFP Personnel found the problems
encountered in the fire safety compliance among boarding
houses and dormitories to be serious (S) with the average
weighted mean of 3.03. This result implies that there is a
dire need of better strategies and approaches in
implementing the fire safety compliance of boarding houses
and dormitories in PSU Village.
It can be noted that BFP Personnel found all
indicators presented to be serious except that “Business
permit are already issued before the inspection due to
local Gov’t Unit program” to be very serious (VS) with an
average weighted mean of 3.50. This implies there is a
fault on the part of the LGU for they had issued business
permits without the fire safety inspection, for it can be a
potential reason in having fire incidents. According to
Nicolas & De Vega Law Offices, an inspection by the BFP
will be conducted before the issuance of the clearance or
Fire Safety Inspection Certificate.
As what happened in the Kentex manufacturing corporation,
a footwear factory in Valenzuela City, they tolerated the
factory to operate even without a fire safety inspection
certificate (FSIC) from the BFP. As a result, seventy-two
(72) workers died in the conflagration because of the

40
inadequate fire safety compliance and that they have
committed several fire safety violations according to
Lunas, BFP Fire Marshall of Valenzuela City.
The result showed that owners of boarding houses and
dormitories found the problems being encountered in the
dormitories to be serious (S) with the average weighted
mean of 2.49. Therefore, this result implies that the
should be addressed.
Meanwhile, it can be noted from the table that the
owners found the, “Lack of communication to public
regarding the fire safety program”. According to an article
adapted from Bomi International’s course (2015), the goals
of fire prevention programs are to prevent loss of life,
property damage, and downtime in use of a building. Fires
often cause disruption of business activities, loss of
business documents, loss of employee work hours, and
liability claims resulting from the spread of fire to
adjacent properties. Depending on the construction type or
contents of the building and the occupancy type and number
of occupants, fire prevention features should provide life-
safety and property protection or a combination of both. A

41
fire prevention program can reduce or eliminate the
occurrence of fires by training occupants in fire safety,
as well as proper maintenance and care of fire protection
and life-safety systems, and by controlling potential
ignition sources and fuels. A successful fire prevention
program is part of the day-to-day operations of every
property. Fire prevention is the responsibility of the
owner, the manager, and all occupants of a property.
“Occupants lack of information regarding fire safety
program implementation”. According to James Carrigan
(2015), a supervising engineer for fire/life safety at
Syska Hennessey, the occupant training is conducted to
counteract one thing, the human nature. "Human nature is
the biggest factor having to do with fire". "The occupants
need to be trained on what to do because human nature does
not always compel people to do the correct thing."
“Inadequate manpower”. “The ideal number of
firefighters according to the ratio being practiced by the
BFP is 1 fireman for every 2,000 population, which means
that the BFP needs about 50,000 personnel, since as of this
date, the country has an estimated 100 million population.
However, at present, the BFP is composed of 18,769

42
firefighters only, which has a shortfall of 31,231
personnel.” (Philippine Official Gazette, 2015)
“Non-participation of the building owner”. According
to the Fire Code of Canada (2013), the owner
responsibilities were, holding of fire drills in accordance
with the fire code, incorporating emergency procedures
appropriate to the building. Maintain a record of and
participation in fire drills on site. Assuring that checks,
tests and inspections as required by the Fire Code are
completed on schedule and the records are maintained and
kept on site. Post emergency fire procedures. Maintain a
copy of the Fire Safety Plan on the premises in the
approved location. Notify the Chief Fire Official regarding
changes/updates in the fire safety plan. Distribute
information on smoke alarm maintenance to tenants.
And “Inadequate fire-fighting apparatus” to be less
serious (LS) which implies that that the owners believed
that these are less serious problems that are being
encountered. Fire-fighting equipment and other essential
safety measures must be provided and maintained in
accordance with any occupancy permit or determination
issued by a building surveyor (Consumer Affairs Victoria,
2004).
43
The result shows that occupants of boarding houses and
dormitories found the problems being encountered in the
dormitories to be serious with the average weighted mean of
2.57 respectively. This result implies that the boarding
houses and dormitories found the difficulty in fire safety
compliance and that the occupants took the problems being
encountered in the fire safety compliance seriously and
that there is a severe need for it to improve.
Meanwhile, it can be noted from the table that the
occupants found the “Lack of support from Local Government
Unit (LGU)” The Local government units (LGUs) are expected
to be at the frontline of emergency measures in the
aftermath of disasters to ensure the general welfare of its
constituents, according to the Local Government Code of
1991. As first responders, they should be proactive in
performing disaster-related activities, from preemptive
evacuation to the restoration of people's livelihood. Every
LGU should also create a Local Disaster Risk Reduction and
Management Plan (LDRRMP) covering 4 aspects of DRRM as
specified in NDRRMC’s framework, namely: disaster
preparedness, response, prevention and mitigation, and

44
rehabilitation and recovery, as provided by the Republic
Act 10121.
“Inadequate fire-fighting apparatus” and “Poor
information dissemination” to be less serious (LS) which
means that the occupants believed that these are less
serious problems that are being encountered. According to
Justia US Law (2013), every public and independent
institution of higher education within the State shall
disseminate fire safety information about their facilities
to students, or, if the student is a minor, to both the
student and parent or guardian, upon initial enrollment.
Public and independent institutions of higher education
shall also disseminate fire safety information about their
facilities to all employees upon initial employment. The
information shall include, but is not limited to,
information on sprinkler systems, evacuation plans and
other fire safety measures.
Safety against fire is a very important thing at work
places as well as at homes. Every year large numbers of
people die due to fire. Fire safety can easily be ensured
by having firefighting equipment and proper Fire
Protection. The statistics is a proof of how much important
Fire Protection is. The Importance of Firefighting

45
Equipment is an indispensable one to ensure maximum
protection against fire. The Fire Fighting Equipment also
ensures safety of the firefighters who risk their lives to
save others as cited by Singh (2015).
Table 4

the occupants of the boarding houses and dormitories to
the degree of seriousness of problems encountered in
fire safety compliance among boarding houses
and dormitories in PSU village,
Chi- Computed
df at α square Chi- Significant
Difference
Indicator = 0.05 Tabular square
Value Value
Degree of seriousness
of problems
encountered in fire 20 31.41043 3.527 NS
safety compliance
among boarding houses
and dormitories
Table 4 shows the significant difference along the
perception of the BFP Personnel, owners of boarding houses
and dormitories and the occupants of the boarding houses
and dormitories to the degree of seriousness of problems
encountered in fire safety compliance among boarding houses
and dormitories in PSU village, Urdaneta City, Pangasinan

46
Since the computed chi-square value of 3.527 is lower
than the critical value of 31.41043 at 0.05 level of
significance with 20 degrees of freedom, the null
hypothesis is accepted. This means that there is no
significant difference between the perceptions of the
respondents with regards to the degree of seriousness of
problems encountered in the fire safety compliance among
the boarding houses and dormitories in PSU Village,
Urdaneta City, Pangasinan. This implies that all
respondents have encountered the problems with the same
degree of seriousness and that there is a need of
improvement in solving the problems they had encountered.

47
ACTION PLAN TO ENHANCE THE FIRE SAFETY COMPLIANCE OF THE

BOARDING HOUSES AND DORMITORIES IN PSU VILLAGE
I. GENERAL DESCRIPTION
This action plan has been formulated to improve
and optimize the fire safety compliance of boarding
houses and dormitories in PSU Village, Urdaneta
City, Pangasinan.
In addition, this presents the actions that will
make the BFP as well as the owners, the occupants
and other members of the community may practice to
enhance fire safety compliance and be able to
realize how important are the “fire safety” to
everyone.
II. PLANS OF ACTION
Proposed Action Objectives Target

Plan Participants
1.Information To give knowledge  Community
dissemination to the public  Owner
through flyers about those things
 LGU
containing fire that are required
safety compliance in Fire Safety  BFP
among boarding Compliance among
houses Boarding Houses.
48
2.Regular fire To improve  BFP

drills to schools knowledge on  LGU
and Barangays safety precautions
 NGO
of the youth and
provide measures  Schools and
that the community Universities
may do in case of  Owner
fire  Occupants
3.Coordination of To ensure unity  Local
the LGU Fire- between the public Government
fighting Committee and private  Bureau of
to a possible NGO sectors in Fire
fire-fighting preventing fire- Protection
Committee related incidents
 Non-
Government
Organization
4.Conduct of To have a good  BFP

dialogue to the report with the  LGU
LGU on the LGU and with
issuance of issuance of
business permit business permit
without the
conduct of
inspection from
the Bureau
5.Request of fire- To have a complete  BFP
fighting apparatus and  LGU
apparatuses and immediately
 Community
equipment suppress fire to
avoid damage or
loss of property
and the protection
of life
6.Organize and To have a  BFP

train fire brigade responding team in  LGU
volunteers each barangay in  Community
case of fire
49
7. Conduct of To have an open  BFP

training/seminar line  LGU
regarding fire communications
 Community
safety program with the public
regarding fire
safety program
III. EFFECTIVITY CLAUSE
Upon the approval of the Bureau of Fire
Protection City Fire Marshall and Local Government
Unit, this action plan is suggested to be implemented.
IV. SOURCES OF FUND
The funds needed for such actions will be handled
by the Bureau of Fire Protection Urdaneta City to be
supported by Local Government Unit, if fund are
insufficient, owners of boarding houses and
dormitories or other private business owners shall
help in procurement of funds from possible sponsors
for the private sectors.
Furthermore, any volunteer who may want to make a
Fund-raising activity in earning the budget is very
much appreciated.
50
V. OTHER RECOMMENDATIONS
1. That the Bureau of Fire Protection shall suggest
this action plan to the Local Government Unit of
Urdaneta City and to the owners of boarding
houses and dormitories in order to emphasize and
improve the awareness of fire safety in the
Village and other residential occupancies.
2. That the Local Government Unit should strictly
impose rules and regulations and or ordinances
regarding the fire safety compliance for boarding
houses and dormitories to obey as a requirement
in permitting the owners to operate.
3. That the owners and the occupants of the boarding
houses and dormitories should be updated to the
rules and regulation and or ordinances provided
by the Local Government Unit to ensure fire
safety in the City.

51
CHAPTER IV
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
This chapter presents the summary of the findings of
the study that answer the research questions that it
posited.
Moreover, conclusions and recommendations of the study
are presented in a way that it responds to the presentation
of the research questions in the preceding chapters.
FINDINGS
Based on the results of this study which were
presented in the previous chapter, the researchers findings
are as follows:
1. The Bureau of Fire Protection personnel and the owners
of boarding houses and dormitories in PSU Village are
very much aware on the compliance of fire safety of
boarding houses and dormitories while the occupants of
boarding houses and dormitories are only much aware of
the fire safety compliance;
2. There is no significant difference along the
perception of Bureau of Fire Protection personnel and
the owners of boarding houses and dormitories and the
occupants of boarding houses and dormitories to the

52
level of awareness in fire safety compliance and to
the degree of seriousness of problems being
encountered in fire safety compliance;
3. The Bureau of Fire Protection personnel and the owners
of boarding houses and dormitories and the occupants
of boarding houses and dormitories found the problems
being encountered in the fire safety compliance of
boarding houses and dormitories were determined its
degree of seriousness as “serious”;
4. A proposed action plan has been conveyed to improve
the fire safety compliance of boarding houses and
CONCLUSIONS
1. The Bureau of Fire Protection personnel, the owners
and the occupants of boarding houses and dormitories
in PSU Village knowledge is very aware on the
compliance of fire safety of boarding houses and
dormitories.
2. The perception of the respondents to the level of
awareness in fire safety compliance and to the degree
of seriousness of problems being encountered in fire
safety compliance have no significant difference.

53
3. The respondents found the problems being encountered
in the fire safety compliance of boarding houses and
dormitories as serious and that there is in dire need
to address the problems.
RECOMMENDATIONS
Based on the conclusions drawn, the researchers deemed
that the following recommendations are appropriate:
1. The Bureau of Fire Protection should make inspections
parallel to the type of boarding houses or dormitories
and give a list of fire safety requirements to be
complied by the owner depending on the type of the
property owned in order to improve the awareness of
fire safety compliance;
2. Owners of boarding houses and dormitories should
consider quarterly or annual interval inspection on
their compliance of fire safety requirements to
enhance the improvement of the fire safety compliance
and therefore lessen the degree of seriousness of
problems being encountered;
3. The owners, upon inspection, if found to be non-
compliant must immediately make efforts and or action
to comply with the fire safety requirements;

54
4. The Local Government of Urdaneta City must adhere to
the provisions of the Code, that prior to the issuance
of Business permit, a Fire Safety Inspection
Certificate (FSIC) must be secured first;
5. The owners should encourage the occupants to
participate is fire safety drill or seminar conducted
in the City;
6. The Bureau of Fire Protection should strengthen a
participative community through the activation of the
Village Fire Fighting Action Team;
7. The owners should provide “Forcible entry tools”, use
to gain entry or exit into building when normal entry
or exit are locked or blocked;
8. That the Bureau of Fire Protection, Local Government
Unit, Owners of boarding houses and dormitories
together with the occupants be opened in practicing
some or all of the plans of actions that this study
has proposed;
9. A parallel study should be undertaken along this line
to include the variable which was not explored in this
present investigation.
55
REFERENCES
A. Books
Leo Bustria: Fire Behavior and Arson Investigation 2nd

Edition; Wisemans’s Books Trading ISBN: 978-971-0588-16-9
Marcelo Montanio: Fire Technology and Arson

Investigation; Mindshapers Co. Inc. ISBN: 978-972-0445-37-0
B. Special Laws
Republic Act No. 9514, Fire Code of the Philippines 2008,

Gloria M. Arroyo
C. Journals
Ruel A. Brilliantes; Nelia B. Aga; Cesar IV A. Adegue;

Mercelee P. Perez; Adorico M. Aya-Ay; Emma V. Sagarino;
2012, The Living Conditions of University Students in
Boarding Houses and Dormitories in Davao City, Philippines
D. Unpublished Books
Ernesto F. Gandia; “Fire Prevention Program of the Bureau

of Fire Protection (BFP) in Urdaneta City
Banatao; “Fire Prevention Program of Calamba City”
Jayson E. Necida; Fire Suppression Capability of Bureau

of Fire Protection in La Union
A. Websites
London Fire Brigade

Retrieved at:
http://www.london-fire.gov.uk/great-fire-of-london.asp
56
Fire statistics in USA, Stephen Kerber, 2012

Retrieved at:
http://www.nfpa.org/news-and-research/fire-statistics-
and-reports/fire-statistics/fires-in-the-us/overall-fire-
problem/fire-loss-in-the-united-states
RA 9514, 2008
Retrieved at:
http://www.lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra2008/ra_9514_2008
.html
Fire safety, 2014

Retrieved at:
https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=8O0Gc3oAAAAJ&hl
=en
Residential Fire break out, 2015

Retrieved at:
http://news.abs-cbn.com/nation/metro-
manila/02/28/15/fire-breaks-out-pasig-residential-area
Fire safety and prevention compliance, 2013

Retrieved at:
http://law.justia.com/codes/new-jersey/2013/title-
18a/section-18a-3b-14.1
Fire prevention checklist, 2014

Retrieved at:
http://fmlink.com/articles/fire-prevention-in-your-
building-what-facilities-managers-need-to-know-2/
Importance of firefighting equipment, 2015

Retrieved at:
https://storify.com/MrParamjitSingh/the-importance-of-
fire-fighting-equipment-and-fire
LGU responsibilities during disasters

Retrieved at:
http://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/44026-role-lgu-local-
councils-disasters
57
APPENDIX A
REQUEST LETTER TO BFP URDANETA OFFICE
August 2, 2016
CINSP. Arthur L. Sawate, Ph.D

Urdaneta City Fire Station
Sir!
Greetings!
The undersigned are undertaking a research entitled “FIRE

SAFETY COMPLIANCE AMONG BOARDING HOUSES AND DORMITORIES IN
PSU VILLAGE”, for their course, Criminological Research and
Statistics.
In connection with this, we are requesting for your

approval for the researchers to obtain a copy of the list
Boarding Houses and Dormitories in PSU Village, Urdaneta
City, Pangsinan. Thank you in anticipation of you favorable
action regarding this request and rest assured that the
data released will be treated at utmost confidentiality.
Yours truly,
BANAYAT, JEMMAR I.
FRANCIA, SHARIFA M.
VIUDA, ANNIE F.
Noted:
MR. JAYSON E. NECIDA, MSCrim

Adviser
58
APPENDIX B
REQUEST LETTER TO CIVIL REGISTRY OFFICE
August 24, 2016
City Civil Registry

Business Permit and Licensing Office
Sir/Ma’am:
The undersigned are undertaking a research entitled “Fire

Safety Compliance among Boarding houses and Dormitories in
PSU Village”, for their course, Criminological Research and
Statistics.
In connection with this, we are requesting for the copy or

lists of Boarding houses and Dormitories registered in PSU
Village, Urdaneta City, Pangasinan because we need it as a
basis for formulating the population locale of our study.
Thank you in anticipation of your favorable action

regarding this request and rest assured that the data
released will be treated at utmost confidentiality.
Yours truly,
BANAYAT, JEMMAR I.
FRANCIA, SHARIFA M.
VIUDA, ANNIE F.
Noted:

Adviser
59
APPENDIX C
LETTER TO THE RESPONDENTS
DEAREST RESPONDENTS
Greetings!
The undersigned are undertaking a research entitled “Fire

Safety Compliance among Boarding houses and Dormitories in
PSU Village”, for their course, Criminological Research and
Statistics.
In connection with this, we are requesting for your honest

cooperation in answering our questionnaires regarding the
level of awareness in compliance of fire safety among
City, Pangasinan and the degree of seriousness of problems
being encountered in the fire safety compliance among
City, Pangasinan.
Thank you in anticipation of your favorable action

regarding this request and rest assured that the data
released will be treated at utmost confidentiality.
Yours truly,
BANAYAT, JEMMAR I.
FRANCIA, SHARIFA M.
VIUDA, ANNIE F.
Noted:

60
APPENDIX D
VALIDATION LETTER
Sir/Ma’am:
Greetings!
Attached herewith the copy of proposed questionnaire for

the Criminological Research entitled “FIRE SAFETY
COMPLIANCE AMONG BOARDING HOUSES AND DORMITORIES IN PSU
VILLAGE”, for your review and recommendations for the
improvement of the study.
Thank you for considering our request.
Yours truly,
FRANCIA, SHARIFA M.
BAGUIO, DONETA ROSE G
BANAYAT, JEMMAR I.
VIUDA, ANNIE F.
Noted:

Adviser
61
QUESTIONNAIRE OF CONTENT VALIDITY OF THE INSTRUMENT

Direction: Please read all the items in the interview guide. Then
read each statement in the evaluation sheet and rate each item
using the rating scale below by marking a check (√) in the
appropriate column of the evaluation sheet.
Summary of the Questionnaire Evaluation/Content Validation

Rating Weighted DE
Item Mean
4 3 2 1
1 The directions given are clear in
all sections of the data gathering
instrument.
2 Each item is clearly stated.
3 Each item is readable i.e. the items
are easily read.
4 Each item is attractive to read and
good spacing is observed
5 The data gathering instrument is
comprehensive i.e. it covered all
areas that are important in the
study.
6 Each item is focused on a particular
thought or idea.
7 The items are objective i.e. the
responses to be elicited are neither
biased nor reactive.
8 The items are formulated in
accordance to the explicit/ implicit
objective of the study.
9 The items do not overlap with each
other, no duplication of items is
observed.
Signature of Validator
Date
LEGEND
Rate Scale Interpretations
4 3.25 – 4.00 Highly valid
3 2.50 – 3.24 Valid
2 1.75 – 2.49 Fairly valid
1 1.00 – 1.74 Not valid
62
APPENDIX E
SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE
QUESTIONNAIRE FOR BFP PERSONNEL
Name (Optional):
Position/Rank :
PART I: LEVEL OF AWARENESS IN COMPLIANCE OF FIRE SAFETY

AMONG BOARDING HOUSES AND DORMITORIES IN PSU
VILLAGE, URDANETA CITY, PANGASINAN
Direction: Kindly put a check (√) mark on the appropriate

column that best describe your perception on the level of
awareness in compliance of fire safety of boarding houses
and dormitories in PSU Village, Urdaneta City, Pangasinan.
Point Values Descriptive Equivalent

4 Very much aware (VMA)
3 Much aware (MA)
2 Slightly aware (SA)
1 Not Aware (NA)
Items 4 3 2 1
VMA MA SA NA
1. Conduct of fire safety inspection prior to
the release of Building and Occupancy Permit
2. Availability of fire extinguisher
3. Availability of fire alarm system
4. Availability of Smoke/ heat detectors
5. Presence of emergency exit route plan
6. Minimum requirements of door width
7. Presence of secondary exit/ door
8. Availability of automatic emergency lights
9. Availability of secondary stair/ fire escape
ladder
10. Availability of area of safe refuge
11. Availability of exit sign
12. Availability of fire or safety signage
13. Availability of protection of vertical
openings
14. Availability of standpipe system
63
15. Availability of automatic fire suppression

system (sprinkler system)
16. Availability of fire wall
17. Availability of building service equipment
PART II: DEGREE OF SERIOUSNESS OF PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED IN

THE FIRE SAFETY COMPLIANCE AMONG BOARDING HOUSES
AND DORMITORIES IN PSU VILLAGE, URDANETA CITY,
PANGASINAN
column that best describe degree of seriousness of problems
encountered in the fire safety compliance to residential
occupancies.
Point Values Descriptive

Equivalent
4 Very Serious (VS)

3 Serious (S)
2 Less serious (LS)
1 Not Serious (NS)
Items 4 3 2 1
VS S LS NS
1. Business permit are already issued

before the inspection due to local Gov’t
Unit program.
2. Lack of communication to public
regarding the fire safety program
3. Occupants lack of information regarding
fire safety program implementation
4. Inadequate manpower
5. Inappropriate fire-fighting equipment
6. Lack of support from Local Government
Unit (LGU)
7. Non-participation of the building owner
8. Inadequate fire-fighting apparatus
9. Inadequate service vehicles
10.Poor information dissemination
11.Lack of firefighting equipment
64
QUESTIONNAIRE FOR OWNERS OF BOARDING HOUSES AND DORMITORIES
Name (Optional):



3 Much aware (MA)
1 Not Aware (NA)
Items 4 3 2 1
VMA MA SA NA
ladder
openings
65

PANGASINAN
occupancies.

Equivalent
4 Very Serious (VS)
3 Serious (S)
2 Less serious (LS)
1 Not Serious (NS)
Items 4 3 2 1
VS S LS NS

Unit program.
Unit (LGU)
66
QUESTIONNAIRE FOR OCCUPANTS OF BOARDING HOUSES AND

DORMITORIES
Name (Optional):



3 Much aware (MA)
1 Not Aware (NA)
Items 4 3 2 1
VMA MA SA NA
ladder
openings
67

PANGASINAN
occupancies.

Equivalent
4 Very Serious (VS)
3 Serious (S)
2 Less serious (LS)
1 Not Serious (NS)
Items 4 3 2 1
VS S LS NS

Unit program.
Unit (LGU)
68
APPENDIX F
Republic of the Philippines

Congress of the Philippines
Metro Manila
Fourteenth Congress
Second Regular Session
Begun and held in Metro Manila, on Monday, the twenty-eight day of July, two thousand
eight.
Republic Act No. 9514 December 19, 2008

Repealed PD 1185
AN ACT ESTABLISHING A COMPREHENSIVE FIRE CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES,

REPEALING PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO. 1185 AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Philippines in

Congress assembled::
Section 1. This Act shall be known as the "Revised Fire Code of the Philippines of
2008".
Section 2. It is the policy of the State to ensure public safety and promote economic
development through the prevention and suppression of all kinds of destructive fires and
promote the professionalization of the fire service as a profession. Towards this end, the
State shall enforce all laws, rules and regulations to ensure adherence to standard fire
prevention and safety measures, and promote accountability for fire safety in the fire
protection service and prevention service.
Section 3. Definition of Terms. - As used in this Fire Code, the following words and
phrases shall mean and be construed as indicated:
Abatement - Any act that would remove or neutralize a fire hazard.
Administrator - Any person who acts as agent of the owner and manages the use
of a building for him.
Blasting Agent - Any material or mixture consisting of a fuel and oxidizer used to
set off explosives.
Cellulose Nitrate Or Nitro Cellulose - A highly combustible and explosive

compound produced by the reaction of nitric acid with a cellulose material.
Cellulose Nitrate Plastic (Pyroxylin) - Any plastic substance, materials or

compound having cellulose nitrate (nitro cellulose) as base.
69
Combustible, Flammable or Inflammable - Descriptive of materials that are easily

set on fire.
Combustible Fiber - Any readily ignitable and free burning fiber such as cotton,
oakum, rags, waste cloth, waste paper, kapok, hay, straw, Spanish moss,
excelsior and other similar materials commonly used in commerce.
Combustible Liquid - Any liquid having a flash point at or above 37.8_C (100_F).
Corrosive Liquid - Any liquid which causes fire when in contact with organic
matter or with certain chemicals.
Curtain Board - A vertical panel of non-combustible or fire resistive materials

attached to and extending below the bottom chord of the roof trusses, to divide
the underside of the roof into separate compartments so that heat and smoke will
be directed upwards to a roof vent.
Cryogenic - Descriptive of any material which by its nature or as a result of its

reaction with other elements produces a rapid drop in temperature of the
immediate surroundings.
Damper - A normally open device installed inside an air duct system which
automatically closes to restrict the passage of smoke or fire.
Distillation - The process of first raising the temperature in separate the more
volatile from the less volatile parts and then cooling and condensing the resulting
vapor so as to produce a nearly purified substance.
Duct System - A continuous passageway for the transmission of air.
Dust - A finely powdered substance which, when mixed with air in the proper
proportion and ignited will cause an explosion.
Electrical Arc - An extremely hot luminous bridge formed by passage of an

electric current across a space between two conductors or terminals due to the
incandescence of the conducting vapor.
Ember - A hot piece or lump that remains after a material has partially burned,
and is still oxidizing without the manifestation of flames.
Finishes - Materials used as final coating of a surface for ornamental or

protective purposes.
Fire - The active principle of burning, characterized by the heat and light of
combustion.
Fire Trap - A building unsafe in case of fire because it will burn easily or because
it lacks adequate exits or fire escapes.
70
Fire Alarm - Any visual or audible signal produced by a device or system to warm
the occupants of the building or fire fighting elements of the presence or danger
of fire to enable them to undertake immediate action to save life and property and
to suppress the fire.
Fire Door - A fire resistive door prescribed for openings in fire separation walls or
partitions.
Fire Hazard - Any condition or act which increases or may cause an increase in
the probability of the occurrence of fire, or which may obstruct, delay, hinder or
interfere with fire fighting operations and the safeguarding of life and property.
Fire Lane - The portion of a roadway or publicway that should be kept opened
and unobstructed at all times for the expedient operation of fire fighting units.
Fire Protective And Fire Safety Device - Any device intended for the protection of
buildings or persons to include but not limited to built-in protection system such
as sprinklers and other automatic extinguishing system, detectors for heat,
smoke and combustion products and other warning system components,
personal protective equipment such as fire blankets, helmets, fire suits, gloves
and other garments that may be put on or worn by persons to protect themselves
during fire.
Fire Safety Constructions - Refers to design and installation of walls, barriers,

doors, windows, vents, means of egress, etc. integral to and incorporated into a
building or structure in order to minimize danger to life from fire, smoke, fumes or
panic before the building is evacuated. These features are also designed to
achieve, among others, safe and rapid evacuation of people through means of
egress sealed from smoke or fire, the confinement of fire or smoke in the room or
floor of origin and delay their spread to other parts of the building by means of
smoke sealed and fire resistant doors, walls and floors. It shall also mean to
include the treatment of buildings components or contents with flame retardant
chemicals.
Flash Point - The minimum temperature at which any material gives off vapor in
sufficient concentration to form an ignitable mixture with air.
Forcing -A process where a piece of metal is heated prior to changing its shape
or dimensions.
Fulminate - A kind of stable explosive compound which explodes by percussion.
Hazardous Operation/Process - Any act of manufacturing, fabrication,

conversion, etc., that uses or produces materials which are likely to cause fires or
explosions.
Horizontal Exit - Passageway from one building to another or through or around a

wall in approximately the same floor level.
71
Hose Box - A box or cabinet where fire hoses, valves and other equipment are
stored and arranged for fire fighting.
Hose Reel - A cylindrical device turning on an axis around which a fire hose is
wound and connected.
Hypergolic Fuel - A rocket or liquid propellant which consist of combinations of

fuels and oxidizers which ignite spontaneously on contact with each other.
Industrial Baking And Drying - The industrial process of subjecting materials to

heat for the purpose of removing solvents or moisture from the same, and/or to
fuse certain chemical salts to form a uniform glazing the surface of materials
being treated.
Jumper - A piece of metal or an electrical conductor used to bypass a safety

device in an electrical system.
Occupancy - The purpose for which a building or portion thereof is used or

intended to be used.
Occupant - Any person actually occupying and using a building or portions

thereof by virtue of a lease contract with the owner or administrator or by
permission or sufferance of the latter.
Organic Peroxide - A strong oxidizing organic compound which releases oxygen

readily. It causes fire when in contact with combustible materials especially under
conditions of high temperature.
Overloading - The use of one or more electrical appliances or devices which

draw or consume electrical current beyond the designed capacity of the existing
electrical system.
Owner - The person who holds the legal right of possession or title to a building
or real property.
Oxidizing Material - A material that readily yields oxygen in quantities sufficient to

stimulate or support combustion.
Pressurized Or Forced Draft Burning Equipment - Type or burner where the fuel
is subjected to pressure prior to discharge into the combustion chamber and/or
which includes fans or other provisions for the introduction of air at above normal
atmosphere pressure into the same combustion chamber.
Public Assembly Building - Any building or structure where fifty (50) or more
people congregate, gather, or assemble for any purpose.
Public Way - Any street, alley or other strip of land unobstructed from the ground
to the sky, deeded, dedicated or otherwise permanently appropriated for public
use.
72
Pyrophoric - Descriptive of any substance that ignites spontaneously when

exposed to air.
Refining - A process where impurities and/or deleterious materials are removed

from a mixture in order to produce a pure element of compound. It shall also refer
to partial distillation and electrolysis.
Self-Closing Doors - Automatic closing doors that are designed to confine smoke
and heat and delay the spread of fire.
Smelting - Melting or fusing of metallic ores or compounds so as to separate

impurities from pure metals.
Sprinkler System - An integrated network of hydraulically designed piping

installed in a building, structure or area with outlets arranged in a systematic
pattern which automatically discharges water when activated by heat or
combustion products from a fire.
Standpipe System - A system of vertical pipes in a building to which fire hoses

can be attached on each floor, including a system by which water is made
available to the outlets as needed.
Vestibule - A passage hall or antechamber between the outer doors and the
interior parts of a house or building.
Vertical Shaft - An enclosed vertical space of passage that extends from floor to
floor, as well as from the base to the top of the building.
Section 4. Applicability of The Code. - The provisions of the Fire Code shall apply to
all persons and all private and public buildings, facilities or structures erected or
constructed before and after its effectivity.
Section 5. Responsibility for the Enforcement of this Code. - This Code shall be
administered and enforced by the Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP), under the direct
supervision and control of the Chief of the Bureau of Fire Protection, through the
hierarchy of organization as provided for in Chapter VI of Republic Act No. 6975. with
the approval of the Secretary of the Department of the Interior and Local Government
(DILG), the BFP, is hereby authorized to:
a. Issue implementing rules and regulations, and prescribe standards, schedules

of fees/fire service charges and administrative penalties therefore as provided in
the pertinent provisions of this Code;
b. Reorganize the BFP as may be necessary and appropriate;
c. Support and assist fire volunteers, practitioners and fire volunteer

organizations in the country who shall undergo mandatory fire suppression,
inspection, rescue, emergency medical services and related emergency
response trainings and competency evaluations to be conducted by the BFP. In
73
the case of the Fire practitiones, they shall undergo mandatory continuous
professional education and competency evaluation of their expertise, knowledge
and skills in the area of fire science, engineering and technology to be conducted
by the BFP;
The BFP may enter into external party agreements for the conduct of training,
education and evaluation of fire volunteers, practitioners and fire volunteer
organizations, which shall be under the full control and supervision of the
BFP: Provided, however, That during firefighting operations, fire volunteer
organizations shall be under the direct operational control of the fire ground
commanders of the BFP;
d. Enter into long term agreement, either through public biddings or negotiations
in accordance with the provisions of Republic Act No. 9184, otherwise known as
the Government Procurement Reform Act of 2003, for the acquisition of fire
prevention, fire protection and fire fighting investigation, rescue, paramedics,
hazardous material handling equipment, supplies, materials and related technical
services necessary for the fire services;
e. Enter into Memoranda of Agreement with other departments, bureaus,

agencies, offices and corporations of the government, as well as private
institutions, in order to define areas of cooperation and coordination and
delineate responsibility on fire prevention education, fire safety, fire prevention,
fire suppression and other matters of common concern;
f. Call on the police, other law enforcement agencies, and local government
assistance to render necessary assistance in the enforcement of this Code;
g. Designate a fire safety inspector through his/her duly authorized

representative, who shall conduct an inspection of every building or structure
within his area of responsibility at least once a year and every time the owner,
administrator or occupant shall renew his/her business permit or permit to
operate;
No occupancy permit, business or permit to operate shall be issued without

securing a Fire Safety Inspection Certification (FSIC) from the Chief, BFP, or
his/her duly authorized representative;
h. Inspect at reasonable time, any building, structure, installation or premises for

dangerous or hazardous conditions or materials as set forth in this Code,
provided that in case of single family dwelling, an inspection must be upon the
consent of the occupant or upon lawful order from the proper court. The Chief,
BFP or his/her duly authorized representative shall order the owner/occupant to
remove hazardous materials and/or stop hazardous operation/process in
accordance with the standards set by this Code or its implementing rules or
regulations or other pertinent laws;
i. Where conditions exist and are deemed hazardous to life and property, to order
the owner/occupant of any building or structure to summarily abate such
hazardous conditions;
74
j. Require the building owner/occupant to submit plans and specifications, and

other pertinent documents of said building to ensure compliance with applicable
codes and standards; and
k. Issue a written notice to the owner and/or contractor to stop work on portion of
any work due to absence, or in violation of approved plans and specifications,
permit and/or clearance or certification as approved by the Chief, BFP or his/her
duly authorized representative. The notice shall state the nature of the violation
and no work shall be continued on that portion until the violation has been
corrected.
Section 6. Technical Staff. - The Chief, BFP shall constitute a technical staff of highly
qualified persons who are knowledgeable on fire prevention, fire safety, and fire
suppression. They may be drawn not only from the organic members of the BFP and
other government offices and agencies, but also from other sources. In the latter case,
they will either be appointed into the service or hired as consultants in accordance with
law. The technical staff shall study, review and evaluate latest developments and
standards on fire technology; prepare plans/programs on fire safety, prevention and
suppression and evaluate implementation thereof; develop programs on the
professionalization of the fire service; coordinate with appropriate government and
private institutions for the offering of college courses on fire technology and fire
protection engineering; propose amendments to the Fire Code; advise the Chief, BFP on
any matter brought to his attention; and perform such other functions as directed on any
matter brought to his attention and perform such other functions as directed by higher
authorities.
Section 7. Inspections, Safety Measures, Fire Safety, Constructions, and

Protective and/or Warning Systems. - As may be defined and provided in the Rules
and Regulations, owners, administrators or occupants of buildings, structures and their
premises or facilities and other responsible persons shall be required to comply with the
following, as may be appropriate:
a. Inspection Requirement - A fire safety inspection shall be conducted by the

Chief, BFP or his duly authorized representative as prerequisite to the grants of
permits and/or licenses by local governments and other government agencies
concerned, for the:
(1) Use or occupancy of buildings, structures, facilities or their premises

including the installation or fire protection and fire safety equipment, and
electrical system in any building structure or facility; and
(2) Storage, handling and/or use of explosives or of combustible,

flammable, toxic and other hazardous materials;
b. Safety Measures for Hazardous Materials - Fire safety measures shall be

required for the manufacture, storage, handling and/or use of hazardous
materials involving:
(1) cellulose nitrate plastic of any kind;

75
(2) combustible fibers;
(3) cellular materials such as foam, rubber, sponge rubber and plastic
foam;
(4) flammable and combustible liquids or gases of any classification;
(5) flammable paints, varnishes, stains and organic coatings;
(6) high-piled or widely spread combustible stock;
(7) metallic magnesium in any form;
(8) corrosive liquids, oxidizing materials, organic peroxide, nitromethane,

ammonium nitrate, or any amount of highly toxic, pyrophoric, hypergolic,
or cryogenic materials or poisonous gases as well as material compounds
which when exposed to heat or flame become a fire conductor, or
generate excessive smoke or toxic gases;
(9) blasting agents, explosives and special industrial explosive materials,

blasting caps, black powder, liquid nitro-glycerine, dynamite, nitro
cellulose, fulminates of any kind, and plastic explosives containing
ammonium salt or chlorate;
(10) fireworks materials of any kind or form;
(11) matches in commercial quantities;
(12) hot ashes, live coals and embers;
(13) mineral, vegetable or animal oils and other derivatives/by products;
(14) combustible waste materials for recycling or resale;
(15) explosive dusts and vapors; and
(16) agriculture, forest, marine or mineral products which may undergo

spontaneous combustion.
(17) any other substance with potential to cause harm to persons,

property or the environment because of one or more of the following: a)
The chemical properties of the substance; b) The physical properties of
the substance; c) The biological properties of the substance. Without
limiting the definition of hazardous material, all dangerous goods,
combustible liquids and chemicals are hazardous materials.
c. Safety Measures for Hazardous Operation/Processes - Fire Safety measures

shall be required for the following hazardous operation/processes:
76
(1) welding or soldering;
(2) industrial baking and drying;
(3) waste disposal;
(4) pressurized/forced-draft burning equipment;
(5) smelting and forging;
(6) motion picture projection using electrical arc lamps;
(7) refining, distillation and solvent extraction; and
(8) such other operations or processes as may hereafter be prescribed in

the Rules and Regulations.
d. Provision on Fire Safety Construction, Protective and Warning System -

Owners, occupants or administrator or buildings, structures and their premises or
facilities, except such other buildings or structures as may be exempted in the
rules and regulations to be promulgated under Section 5 hereof, shall incorporate
and provide therein fire safety construction, protective and warning system, and
shall develop and implement fire safety programs, to wit:
(1) Fire protection features such as sprinkler systems, hose boxes, hose
reels or standpipe systems and other fire fighting equipment;
(2) Fire Alarm systems;
(3) Fire walls to separate adjoining buildings, or warehouses and storage

areas from other occupancies in the same building;
(4) Provisions for confining the fire at its source such as fire resistive
floors and walls extending up to the next floor slab or roof, curtain boards
and other fire containing or stopping components;
(5) Termination of all exits in an area affording safe passage to a public

way or safe dispersal area;
(6) Stairway, vertical shafts, horizontal exits and other means of egress
sealed from smoke and heat;
(7) A fire exit plan for each floor of the building showing the routes from
each other room to appropriate exits, displayed prominently on the door
of such room;
(8) Self-closing fire resistive doors leading to corridors;
(9) Fire dampers in centralized airconditioning ducts;

77
(10) Roof vents for use by fire fighters; and
(11) Properly marked and lighted exits with provision for emergency lights
to adequately illuminate exit ways in case of power failure.
Section 8. Prohibited Acts. - The following are declared as prohibited act and
omission.
(a) Obstructing or blocking the exit ways or across to buildings clearly marked for
fire safety purposes, such as but not limited to aisles in interior rooms, any part of
stairways, hallways, corridors, vestibules, balconies or bridges leading to a
stairway or exit of any kind, or tolerating or allowing said violations;
(b) Constructing gates, entrances and walkways to buildings components and

yards which obstruct the orderly and easy passage of fire fighting vehicles and
equipment;
(c) Prevention, interference or obstruction of any operation of the Fire Service, or

of duly organized and authorized fire brigades;
(d) Obstructing designated fire lanes or access to fire hydrants;
(e) Overcrowding or admission of persons beyond the authorized capacity in

movie houses, theaters, coliseums, auditoriums or other public assembly
buildings, except in other assembly areas on the ground floor with open sides or
open doors sufficient to provide safe exits;
(f) Locking fire exits during period when people are inside the building;
(g) Prevention or obstruction of the automatic closure of fire doors or smoke

partitions or dampers;
(h) Use of fire protective of fire fighting equipment of the fire service other than
for fire fighting except in other emergencies where their use are justified;
(i) Giving false or malicious fire alarms;
(j) Smoking in prohibited areas as may be determined by fire service, or throwing

of cigars, cigarettes, burning objects in places which may start or cause fire;
(k) Abandoning or leaving a building or structure by the occupant or owner

without appropriate safety measures;
(l) Removing. destroying, tampering or obliterating any authorized mark, seal,

sign or tag posted or required by the fire service for fire safety in any building,
structure or processing equipment; and
78
(m) Use of jumpers or tampering with electrical wiring or overloading the

electrical system beyond its designated capacity or such other practices that
would tend to undermine the fire safety features of the electrical system.
Section 9. Violation, Penalties and Abatement of Fire Hazard. - Fire hazards shall be
abated immediately. The Chief, BFP or his/her duly authorized representative, upon the
report that a violation of this Code or other pertinent laws, rules and regulations is being
committed, shall issue notice/order to comply to the owner, administrator, occupant or
other person responsible for the condition of the building or structure, indicating among
other things, the period within which compliance shall be effected, which shall be within
ten (10) to fifteen (15) days after the receipt of the notice/order, depending on the
reasonableness to adequately comply with the same.
If, after the lapse of the aforesaid period, the owner, administrator, occupant or other
responsible person failed to comply, the Chief, BFP or his/her authorized representative
shall put up a sign in front of the building or structure that it is fire hazard. Specifically,
the notice shall bear the words "WARNING: THIS BUILDING/STRUCTURE IS A FIRE
HAZARD", which shall remain posted until such time that the owner, administrator,
occupant or other person responsible for the condition of the building, structure and their
premises or facilities abate the same, but such period shall not exceed fifteen (15) days
from the lapse of the initial period given in the notice/order to comply.
Finally, with the failure of the owner, administrator, occupant or other person responsible
for the condition of the building, structure and their premises or facilities to comply within
the period specified above, the Chief, BFP may issue order for such abatement. If the
owner, administrator or occupant of buildings, structure and their premises or facilities
does not abate the same within the period fixed in said order, the building, structure,
premises or facilities shall be ordered closed by the Chief, BFP or his/her duly
authorized representative notwithstanding any permit clearance or certificate earlier
issued by the local authorities.
Any building or structure assessed and declared by the chief, BFP or his/her duly
authorized representative as a firetrap on account of the gravity or palpability of the
violation or is causing clear and present imminent fire danger to adjoining
establishments and habitations shall be declared a public nuisance, as defined in the
Civil Code of the Philippines in a notice to be issued to the owner, administrator,
occupant or other person responsible for the condition of the building, structure and their
premises or facilities. If the assessed value of the nuisance or the amount to be spent in
abating the same is not more than One hundred thousand pesos (P100,000.00), the
owner, administrator or occupant thereof shall abate the hazard within fifteen (15) days,
or if the assessed value is more than One hundred thousand pesos (P100,000.00),
within thirty (30) days from receipt of the order declaring said building or structure a
public nuisance; otherwise, the Chief, BFP or his/her duly authorized representative shall
forthwith cause its summary abatement. failure to comply within five (5) days from the
receipt of the notice shall cause the Chief, BFP or his/her duly authorized representative
to put up a sign in front of the building or structure, at or near the entrance of such
premises, notifying the public that such building or structure is a "FIRETRAP", which
shall remain until the owner, administrator, occupant or other person responsible for the
condition of the building, structure and their premises or facilities abate the same within
the specified period.
79
Summary abatement as used herein shall mean all corrective measures undertaken to
abate hazards which shall include, but not limited to remodeling, repairing,
strengthening, reconstructing, removal and demolition, either partial or total, of the
building or structure. The expenses incurred by the government for such summary
abatement shall be borne by the owner, administrator or occupant. These expenses
shall constitute a prior lien upon such property.
Section 10. Enforcement of The Lien. - If the owner, administrator or occupant fails to
reimburse the government of the expenses incurred in the summary abatement within
ninety (90) days from the completion of such abatement, the building or structure shall
be sold at public auction in accordance with existing laws and rules. No property subject
of lien under Section 9 hereof, may be sold at a price lower than the abatement
expenses incurred by the government. The property shall be forfeited in favor of the
government if the highest bid is not at least equal to the abatement expenses.
Section 11. Penalties. -
1. Against the private individual:
a) Administrative fine - Any person who violates any provision of the Fire
Code or any of the rules and regulations promulgated under this Act shall
be penalized by an administrative fine of not exceeding Fifty thousand
(P50,000.00) pesos or in the proper case, by stoppage of operations or
by closure of such buildings, structures and their premises or facilities
which do not comply with the requirements or by both such administrative
fine and closure/stoppage of operation to be imposed by the Chief,
BFP. Provided, That the payment of the fine, stoppage of operations
and/or closure of such buildings, structures, and their premises or
facilities shall not absolve the violator from correcting the deficiency or
abating the fire hazard. The decision of the Chief, BFP, under this
subsection, may be appealed to the Secretary of the Interior and Local
Government. Unless ordered by the Secretary of the Interior and Local
Government the appeal shall not stay the execution of the order of the
Chief, BFP. The decision of the Secretary of the Interior and Local
Government shall be final and executory.
(b) Punitive - In case of willful failure to correct the deficiency or abate the
fire hazard as provided in the preceding subsection, the violator shall,
upon conviction, be punished by imprisonment of not less than six (6)
months nor more than six (6) years, or by a fine of not more than One
hundred thousand (P100,000.00) pesos or both such fine and
imprisonment; Provided, however, that in case of a corporation, firm,
partnership or association, the fine and/or imprisonment shall be imposed
upon its officials responsible for such violation, and in case the guilty
party is an alien, in addition to the penalties herein prescribed, he shall
immediately be deported; Provided, finally, that were the violation is
attended by injury, loss of life and/or damage to property, the violator
shall be proceeded against under the applicable provisions of the Revised
Penal Code.
80
Any person who, without authority, maliciously removes the sign that a
building or structure is a fire hazard/firetrap placed by the authorized
person in this Code shall be liable for imprisonment for thirty (30) days or
a fine not exceeding One hundred thousand pesos (P100,000.00) or both
in the discretion of the court.
Any person, who disobeys the lawful order of the fire ground commander
during a firefighting operation shall be penalized with imprisonment of one
(1) day to thirty (30) days and a fine of five thousand pesos (P5,000.00).
2. Against the public officer/employee
a) Administrative - The following acts or omissions shall render the public

officer/employee in charge of the enforcement of this Code, its
implementing rules and regulation and other pertinent laws,
administratively liable, and shall be punished by reprimand, suspension or
removal in the discretion of the disciplining authority, depending on the
gravity of the offense and without prejudice to the provisions of other
applicable laws:
(1) Unjustified failure of the public officer/employee to conduct

inspection of buildings or structures at least once a year;
(2) Deliberate failure to put up a sign in front of the building or

structure within his/her area of responsibility found to be violating
this Code, its implementing rules and regulations and other
pertinent laws, that the same is a "FIRE HAZARD" or a
"FIRETRAP";
(3) Endorsing to the Chief, BFP or his/her duly authorized

representative for the certification, or submitting a report that the
building or structure complies with the standards set by this Code,
its implementing rules or regulations or other pertinent laws when
the same is contrary to fact;
(4) Issuance or renewal of occupancy or business permit without

the fire safety inspection certificate issued by the Chief, BFP or
his/her duly authorized representative;
(5) Failure to cancel the occupancy or business permit after the

owner, administrator, occupant or other person responsible for the
condition of the building, structure and other premises failed to
comply with the notice/order for compliance with the standards set
by this Code, its implementing rules and regulations and other
pertinent laws, within the specified period;
(6) Failure to abate a public nuisance within fifteen (15) days after
the owner, administrator, occupant or other responsible person
failed to abate the same within the period contained in the notice
to abate;
81
(7) Abusing his/her authority in the performance of his/her duty

through acts of corruption and other unethical practices; or
(8) Other willful impropriety or gross negligence in the

performance of his/her duty as provided in this act or its
implementing rules and regulations.
b) Punitive - In the case of willful violation involving the abovementioned

acts or omissions enumerated under Section 11 subparagraph 2(A) the
public officer/employees shall, upon conviction, be punished by
imprisonment of not less than six (6) months nor more than six (6) years
or by a fine of not more than One hundred thousand (P100,000.00) or
both such fine and imprisonment:Provided, That where the violation is
attended by injury, loss of life and/or property, the violator shall be
proceeded against under the applicable provisions of the Revised Penal
Code.
Section 12. Appropriation and Sources of Income. -
(a) To support the manpower, infrastructure and equipment needs of the fire
service of the BFP, such amount as may be necessary to attain the objectives of
the Fire Code shall be appropriated and included in the annual appropriation of
the BFP.
(b) To partially provide for the funding of the fire service the following taxes and
fees which shall accrue to the General Fund of the National Government, are
hereby imposed:
(1) Fees to be charged for the issuance of certificates, permits and

licenses as provided for in Section 7 (a) hereof;
(2) One-tenth of one per centum (0.1%) of the verified estimated value of
buildings or structures to be erected, from the owner thereof, but not to
exceed fifty thousand (P50,000.00) pesos, one half to be paid prior to the
issuance of the building permit, and the balance, after final inspection and
prior to the issuance of the use and occupancy permit;
(3) One-hundredth of one per centum (0.10%) of the assessed value of

buildings or structures annually payable upon payment of the real estate
tax, except on structures used as single family dwellings;
(4) Two per centum (2%) of all premiums, excluding re-insurance

premiums for the sale of fire, earthquake and explosion hazard insurance
collected by companies, persons or agents licensed to sell such
insurances in the Philippines;
(5) Two per centum (2%) of gross sales of companies, persons or agents
selling fire fighting equipment, appliances or devices, including hazard
detection and warning systems; and
82
(6) Two per centum (2%) of the service fees received from fire,
earthquake, and explosion hazard reinsurance surveys and post loss
service of insurance adjustment companies doing business in the
Philippines directly through agents.
Section 13. Collection of Taxes, Fees and Fines. - All taxes, fees and fines provided
in this Code, shall be collected by the BFP. Provided, That twenty percent (20%) of such
collection shall be set aside and retained for use by the city or municipal government
concerned, which shall appropriate the same exclusive for the use of the operation and
maintenance of its local fire station, including the construction and repair of fire
station: Provided,further, That the remaining eighty (80%) shall be remitted to the
National Treasury under a trust fund assigned for the modernization of the BFP.
"Sec. 13-A. Assessment of Fire Code Taxes, Fees and Fines. - The assessment of fire
code taxes, fees and fines is vested upon the BFP. The BFP shall, subject to the
approval of the DILG, prescribe the procedural rules for such purpose.
Sec. 13-B. Collection and Assessment of Local Taxes, Fees and Fines. - The collection
and assessment of taxes, fees and fines as prescribed in the Local Government Code,
except those contained in this Code, shall be function of the concerned local government
units.
Sec. 13-C. Use of Income Generated from the Enforcement of the Fire Code. - The
Chief, BFP is authorized, subject to the approval of the Secretary of the Interior and
Local Government, to use the income generated under the Fire Code for procurement of
fire protection and fire fighting investigation, rescue, paramedics, supplies and materials,
and related technical services necessary for the fire service and the improvement of
facilites of the Bureau of Fire Protection and abatement of fire hazards.
The BFP shall determine the optimal number of equipment, including, but not limited to,
fire trucks and fire hydrants, required by every local government unit for the proper
delivery of fire protection services in its jurisdiction.
In the procurement of fire fighting and investigation supplies and materials, the Bureau of
Product Standards of the Department of Trade and Industry shall evaluate, determine
and certify if the supply to procured conforms to the product standards fixed by the BFP.
For this purpose, the BFP shall submit to the Bureau of Product Standards a detailed set
of product standards that must be complied with in the procurement of fire fighting and
investigation supplies and materials within six (6) months from the effectivity of this act.
Sec. 13-D. Monitoring the Implementation of the Fire Code and the Amount of the Fees
Collected. - The Chief, BFP shall, within six (6) month from the effectivity of this Code,
submit to the Secretary of the Interior and Local Government for his/her approval, a
management tool or mechanism that would ensure effective monitoring of the
enforcement of the Fire Code to include the amount of Fire Code fees collected.
Section 14. Within sixty (60) days from the effectivity of this Act, the Secretary of the
Interior and Local Government shall issue the rules and regulations for its effective
implementation.
83
Section 15. Presidential Decree No 1185 is hereby repealed. All laws, presidential
decrees, letters of instructions, executive orders, rules and regulations insofar as they
are inconsistent with this Act, are hereby repealed or amended as the case may be.
Section 16. In case any provision of this Act or any portion thereof is declared
unconstitutional by a competent court, other provisions shall not be affected thereby.
Section 17. This Act shall take effect fifteen (15) days after its publication in the Official
Gazette or in two (2) national newspapers of general circulation.
Approved
(Sgd.) PROSPERO C. (Sgd.) MANNY VILLAR

NOGRALES President of the Senate
Speaker of the House of
Representative
This Act which is a consolidation of Senate Bill No. 2553 and House Bill No. 4115 was
finally passed by the Senate and the House of Representative on October 6, 2008 and
October 8, 2008, respectively.
(Sgd.) MARILYN B. BARUA-YAP (Sgd.) EMMA LIRIO-REYES

Secretary General Secretary of the Senate
House of Representative
Approved: DEC 19, 2008
(Sgd.) GLORIA MACAPAGAL-ARROYO

President of the Philippines
84
CURRICULUM VITAE
Personal Data
Name Doneta Rose G. Baguio

Address Cabilaoan, Laoac, Pangasinan
Age 23 years old
Gender Female
Date of Birth April 22, 1993
Place of Birth Cabilaoan, Laoac, Pangasinan
Mother’s Name Mrs. Perla G. Baguio
Occupation Housewife
Father’s Name Mr. Edwin D. Baguio
Occupation Farmer
Educational Background
Primary Cabilaoan Elementary School

Year 2005 - 2006
Secondary Cabilaoan Agro-Industrial High School
Year 2009 - 2010
Tertiary Panpacific University North Philippines
Year Undergraduate
Motto “Education is the most powerful
weapon.”
85
CURRICULUM VITAE
Personal Data
Name Jemmar I. Banayat
Address Flores, San Manuel, Pangasinan
Age 22 years old

Gender Male
Date of Birth June 15, 1994
Place of Birth Gualberto Clinic, Urdaneta City,
Pangasinan
Mother’s Name Mrs. Marlene I. Banayat
Father’s Name Mr. Jimmy M. Banayat
Occupation Farmer
Primary Flores Elementary School

Year 2005 - 2006
Secondary Flores Integrated School
Year 2009 - 2010
Year Undergraduate
Motto “How you see your future is much more
important than what happen in your past”
86
CURRICULUM VITAE
Personal Data
Name Sharifa M. Francia

Address Cacabugaoan Centro East,
San Nicolas, Pangasinan
Age 19 years old
Gender Female
Date of Birth January 9, 1997
Place of Birth Cacabugaoan, San Nicolas, Pangasinan
Mother’s Name Mrs. Melba M. Francia
Father’s Name Mr. Francisco S. Francia
Occupation Farmer
Primary Cacabugaoan Elementary School

Year 2008 - 2009
Secondary Red Arrow High School
Year 2012 - 2013
Year Undergraduate
Motto “Dream Big, Aim High, and Never Give
Up!”
87
CURRICULUM VITAE
Personal Data
Name John Alvin M. Mabalot
Address District III Artacio

St. Pozorrubio, Pangasinan
Age 19 years old

Gender Male
Date of Birth November 21, 1996
Place of Birth Balsigan, Baguio City
Mother’s Name Mrs. Alicia M. Mabalot
Father’s Name Mr. Joel D. Mabalot, Sr.
Occupation Family Driver
Primary Pozorrubio Central School

Year 2008 - 2009
Secondary Benigno V. Aldana National High School
Year 2012 - 2013

Year Undergraduate
Motto “It’s better to give than to receive.”
88
CURRICULUM VITAE
Personal Data
Name Annie F. Viuda

Address Poblacion Sur, San Clemente,
Tarlac
Age 20 years old
Gender Female
Date of Birth March 19, 1996
Place of Birth Poblacion Sur, San Clemente, Tarlac
Mother’s Name Mrs. Evelyn S. Viuda
Occupation Overseas Filipino Worker
Father’s Name Mr. Jesus J. Viuda
Occupation Tricycle Driver
Primary San Clemente Central Elementary School

Year 2007 - 2008
Secondary San Clemente High School
Year 2011 - 2012
Year Undergraduate
Motto “Self-trust is the key to success.”

Fire Safety Compliance Among Boarding Ho

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Fire Safety Compliance Among Boarding Ho

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What is the thesis about?

What is the thesis about?

What are the objectives of the study?

What are the objectives of the study?

FIRE SAFETY COMPLIANCE AMONG BOARDING HOUSES AND DORMITORIES IN

BAGUIO, DONETA ROSE G.

MABALOT, JOHN ALVIN M.

The researchers would like to thank first and

foremost the Lord Almighty for giving them the strength,

wisdom, knowledge, courage and resolve in withstanding all

the challenges in completing this study.

Mr. Jayson E. Necida our instructor in College of

Criminal Justice Education, for his inspiring criticism in

critiquing this study; as well our thesis adviser, for his

patience, good advice in the fulfilment our work;

Engr. Brian Quero, our statistician for his

countless assistance and unrelenting patience for the

completion of the statistical problems of this study;

To the Criminology instructors, and to the

colleagues for their wisdom, unending support and to their

encouragement in the completion of this manuscript.

Thank you so much everyone and God bless.

We would like to dedicate this research study to our

To our instructors and advisers who gave us wide

Our Alma Matter, Panpacific University North

This research is based on the idea of how Boarding

houses and dormitories along the vicinity of PSU Village of

Urdaneta City, Pangasinan comply with the fire safety

requirements of the Republic Act 9514 or the Fire Code of

This research was guided with the objective of

assessing the fire safety compliance of selected boarding

houses and dormitories operating within the PSU Village,

Urdaneta City, Pangasinan. Specifically, it sought to

determine the level of awareness on compliance of fire

safety of boarding houses and dormitories as perceived by:

(a) Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP) Personnel (b) Owners of

residential occupancies (c) Occupants the boarding houses

and dormitories; the significant difference along the

perception of the (a) Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP)

Personnel, (b) Owners of residential occupancies and (c)

Occupants the boarding houses and dormitories; the degree

of seriousness of the problems being encountered in the

fire safety compliance among residential occupancies as

encountered by (a) Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP)

Personnel, (b) Owners of residential occupancies and (c)

Occupants the boarding houses and dormitories in PSU

Village; and the resolution or action plan to answer the

problems encountered in fire safety compliance.

The findings of this study includes: The Bureau of

Fire Protection personnel and the owners of boarding houses

and dormitories in PSU Village are very much aware on the

compliance of fire safety of boarding houses and

dormitories while the occupants of boarding houses and

dormitories are only much aware of the fire safety

compliance; There is no significant difference along the

perception of Bureau of Fire Protection personnel and the

owners of boarding houses and dormitories and the occupants

of boarding houses and dormitories to the level of

awareness in fire safety compliance and to the degree of