2. Contribution of scientist and philosophers during ancient middle and modern period.

Born in 384 BC in Stagira, a small town on the northern coast of Greece, Aristotle is arguably one of the most well-known figures in
the history of ancient Greece. He was a popular pupil of famous ancient Greek philosopher Plato. But unlike Plato and Socrates,
Aristotle displayed an instinct to use scientific and factual reasoning in his study of nature, a trait his predecessors routinely
discarded in favor of their philosophical thoughts. Perhaps it was because of his unyielding fascination for nature, logic, and reason
that he went on to make some pivotal contributions that are still reflected in modern-day mathematics, metaphysics, physics,
biology, botany, politics, medicine, and many more. He truly earns the honor of being called the First Teacher. To delve further into
the details of his achievements, here is a list of the top 10 contributions of Aristotle:

1. Invented the Logic of the Categorical Syllogism

Syllogism is a certain form of reasoning where a conclusion is made based on two premises. These premises always have a common
or middle term to associate them, but this binding term is absent in the conclusion. This process of logical deduction was invented
by Aristotle, and perhaps lies at the heart of all his famous achievements. He was the first person to come up with an authentic and
logical procedure to conclude a statement based on the propositions that were at hand. These propositions or premises were either
provided as facts or simply taken as assumptions. For instance: Socrates is a man. All men are mortal. These two premises can be
concluded as “Socrates is mortal.”

The logic behind finding a reasoning based on a proposition and an inference that has something common with the said proposition
is pretty straightforward. Its deductive simplicity and ease of use catapulted Aristotle’s theory of syllogism to have an unparalleled
influence on the history of Western logic and reasoning. However, in the post-Renaissance era leading up to the modern age we
came up with logical approaches that were based more on mathematical deductions (and were far more accurate) and less on the
uncertainty of non-plausible premises. That being said, Aristotle’s logical theory of categorical syllogism attained a status that makes
it far more than a mere historical curiosity.

See also:

 Top 10 Inventions and Discoveries of Ancient Greece

 Top 10 Amazing Facts about Alexander the Great
 ITop 10 Important Events of Ancient Greece
2. Classification of Living Beings

In his book, Historia Animalium or History of Animals, Aristotle was the first person in human history to venture into the
classification of different animals. He used traits that are common among certain animals to classify them into similar groups. For
example, based on the presence of blood, he created two different groups such as animals with blood and animals without blood.
Similarly, based on their habitat, he classified animals as ones that live in water and ones that live on land. In his perspective, life had
a hierarchical make-up and all living beings could be grouped in this hierarchy based on their position from lowest to highest. He
placed the human species highest in this hierarchy.

Aristotle is also known as the Father of Zoology. As evident from his classification of living beings, all his classification procedures
and several other treatises primarily involved different species of the animal kingdom only. However, he wrote a number of treatises
that revolved around different aspects of zoology as well. Some of his popular treatises such as History of Animals, Movement of
Animals, Progression of Animals and others were based on the study of different land, water, and aerial animals. Unlike his
predecessors who merely documented their routine observations of nature, Aristotle worked on outlining specific techniques that
he would use to make specific observations.

He used these empirical methods to carry out what we could call in the modern age “designation,” several proto-scientific tests and
experiments to study the flora and fauna around him. One of his early observational experiments included dissecting birds’ eggs
during the different stages of embryonic development inside the egg. Using his observations, he was able to study the detailed
growth of different organs as the embryo developed into a fully-hatched youngling.

4. Contributions in Physics
It is true that while Aristotle established new frontiers in the field of life sciences, his ventures into physics fall short by comparison.
His studies in physics seem to have been highly influenced by pre-established ideas of contemporary and earlier Greek thinkers. For
instance, in his treatises On Generation and Corruption and On the Heavens, the world set-up he described had many similarities
with propositions made by some pre-Socratic era theorists. He embraced Empedocles’ view on the make-up of the universe that
everything was created from different compositions of the four fundamental elements: earth, water, air, and fire.

Similarly, Aristotle believed that any kind of change meant something was in motion. In a rather self-contradicting way (at least the
initial interpreters found it to be so), he defined the motion of anything as the actuality of a potentiality. In its entirety, Aristotle
understood physics as a part of theoretical science that was in sync with natural philosophy. Perhaps a more synonymous term to
attach to Aristotle’s interpretation would be “physis” or simply the study of nature.

5. Influences in the History of Psychology

Aristotle was the first to write a book that dealt with the specifics of psychology: De Anima or On the Soul. In this book, he proposes
the idea of abstraction that reigns over the body and mind of a human being. The body and mind exist within the same being and
are intertwined in such a way that the mind is one of the many basic functions of the body.

In a more detailed psychological analysis, he divides the human intellect into two essential categories: the passive intellect and the
active intellect. According to Aristotle, it is in human nature to imitate something that, even if on a mere superficial level, provides
us with a sense of happiness and satisfaction. Perhaps the highlight of his psychological observations has been the delicate
connection that binds human psychology with human physiology. His contributions were a giant leap forward from the pre-scientific
era psychology that went before him and led us into an age of far more precise qualitative and quantitative analysis.

6. Advances in Meteorology

For his time and age, Aristotle was able to put forth a very detailed analysis of the world around him. At present, the term
“meteorology” specifically encompasses the interdisciplinary scientific study of atmosphere and weather. But Aristotle had a far
more generalized approach wherein he also covered the different aspects and phenomena of air, water, and earth within his treatise
Meteorologica.

In this treatise, in his own words, he lays out details of “different affections” that are common between air and water, as well as the
different parts of the earth, and the affections that bind those parts together. The highlights of his Meteorologica treatise are his
accounts of water evaporation, earthquakes, and other common weather phenomena. His analysis of these different meteorological
occurrences is one of the earliest representations of such phenomena, although that doesn’t say much about the accuracy of his
meteorological studies. Aristotle believed in the existence of “underground winds” and that the winds and earthquakes were caused
by them. Similarly, he categorized thunder, lightning, rainbows, meteors, and comets as different atmospheric phenomena.

https://www.ancienthistorylists.com/greek-history/top-10-contributions-of-aristotle/

Socrates
Socrates (ca. 469-399 BCE) is hailed as one of the founders of Western philosophy, however, very little is known about him as a
historical figure and philosopher. The best account of life and work of one of the most influential philosophers of all times is given by
the later classical writers, in the first place by his students Plato and Xenophon and the playwright Aristophanes who was his
contemporary. Despite that, the mentioned writers reveal that the ancient Greek philosopher made important contributions to
philosophy as well as epistemology and logic. He is the inventor of the so-called Socratic method or elenchus which remains one of
the most commonly used approaches not only to answer the fundamental questions of philosophy but it also serves as a tool for
scientific research. Ironically, the most famous Socrates’ saying is “I only know that I know nothing”.

Socratic Problem

As mentioned earlier, Socrates’ life and work are surrounded by mystery. He did not write any philosophical works or left any
writings. The knowledge we have about him both as a historical figure and philosopher is based exclusively on later classical writings.
Uncertainty regarding Socrates’ life and work which is known as the Socratic problem is related to the fact that the information we
have about him (besides the above mentioned authors, Socrates also appears in the works by Aristotle and the famous historian
Thucydides) are philosophical and dramatic rather than historical texts. This makes it very difficult to create a picture of his life, work
and philosophical thought.

Socrates’ student Plato is traditionally considered the best source about the philosopher’s life and work although many scholars
emphasise that it is very difficult to distinguish between Plato’s and Socrates’ philosophical views and even more difficult to create
an accurate account of Socrates’ life. As a result, some consider Xenophon to be more reliable source of information about Socrates
as a historical figure.

Personal Life

Plato and Xenophon are the main sources for Socrates’ personal life. From their writing, we find out that the renowned ancient
Greek philosopher was born to Sophroniscus, a stonemason (or perhaps a sculptor) and his wife Phaenarete who was a midwife. He
spent his life in Athens where he was born but details of his early life are scarce. He is said to participate in the Peloponnesian War
(431-04 BCE) and that he married relatively late with Xanthippe who was much younger from him. She bore him three sons –
Lamprocles, Sophroniscus and Menexenus.

It is not certain what Socrates did for a living. According to Xenophon, he was completely devoted to philosophy, while Aristophanes
says that he earned a living by teaching at a school he ran with Chaerephon. Plato, however, rejects the accounts of Socrates being
paid for teaching. Then there are also accounts of him working as a stonemason, like his father. In the antiquity, he was credited
with the creation of the Three Graces statues near Acropolis but this has been rejected by modern scholars.

The Gadfly of Athens

Plato portrays Socrates as the gadfly of Athens. He explains that Socrates loved to “test” the wisdom of those he considered to be
wiser than him. But since most of the people he “tested” were statesmen and other influential people of Athens, he soon came to
be known as the gadfly of Athens because his methods of testing wisdom made many influential people look everything but wise in
the public. He also came into conflict with the elites and the general public in Athens by praising the city’s rival of Sparta although he
claimed loyalty to Athens. It is speculated that his role of gadfly might had been one of the leading causes for his trial and execution.
However, he remained the “gadfly of Athens” until the very end. At the trial, he apparently proposed that he should be paid a wage
by the government and free dinners for lifetime when he had been asked to propose a punishment for his wrongdoing.

Trial and Execution

Those who persecuted and tried Socrates did not left any records. Again, Plato and Xenophon are the main sources for the events
leading to the philosopher’s trial and execution. They tell us that Meletus, Lycon and Anytus charged Socrates with impiety and
corrupting the minds of the youth of Athens. In his defence speech, he is said to defend his role as the “gadfly”, making it easy on his
persecutors to sentence him to death. Both Plato and Xenophon tell us that he had an opportunity to escape and that his friend
Crito even bribed the guards in the prison but he decided to stay. He was given to drink poison hemlock.

Socratic Method

Socrates main contribution to Western philosophy is his method of inquiry that was called after him Socratic method, sometimes
also known as elenchus. According to the latter, a statement can be considered true only if it cannot be proved wrong. The Socratic
method which is dialectic breaks down a problem into a series of questions which are then sought to be answered. This method
which is also used in scientific research by making a hypothesis and then either proving it correct or false, is by some suggested to be
first used by Zeno of Elea (ca. 490-430 BCE) but it was Socrates who refined it and used it to solve ethical questions.

The philosopher’s beliefs are difficult to distinguish from Plato’s. According to some, they may have been reinterpreted by Plato but
according to the others, the latter perhaps completely adopted Socrates’ philosophical thoughts and that his beliefs actually reflect
those from Socrates. Thus the famous philosopher’s saying “I only know that I know nothing” can be in a way also claimed for his life
and work.

http://www.philosophers.co.uk/socrates.html
 PHILOSOPHY
 Academic excellence and holistic development for competent and responsible citizenship.

Vision Statement
 The Philippines’ premier institution for professional leaders in maritime-business education and training.

Mission Statement
 Committed to develop holistic, competent and disciplined professionals towards the improvement of
quality of life.

Goals and Outcomes

 Develop leaders with advocacy who are socially responsible, protective of the environment, gender-
sensitive, and imbued with positive values.
 Deliver quality instructional programs through updated standards of competence in accordance with STCW
’78 as amended, ASEAN-MRA (Mutual Recognition Agreement) and international standards considering
emerging technologies and methodologies.
 Conduct relevant researches that address emerging trends and challenges in both maritime and business
industries.
 Contribute actively to the needs of the partner communities through extension service programs.
 Strengthen industry linkages both national and international.

CORE VALUES
 Competence
 Discipline
 Social development
 Honesty
 Loyalty
TEAMWORK to the land directly or indirectly. For example, a
vessel may moor at the side of a barge that is itself
Teamwork is the collaborative effort of a group to achieve a moored to a quay. Whether that vessel moored to
common goal or to complete a task in the most effective and that barge is moored at a berth depends upon local
efficient way. This concept is seen within the greater regulations and conventions for parking a vessel.
framework of a team, which is a group One sort of berth is the dock between piers. Thus, a
of interdependent individuals who work together towards a berth is not "at" a dock. Rather, a dock provides
common goal.[3] Basic requirements for effective teamwork berths and in these berths vessels would be moored
to a pier that bounds the dock. Thus we might say:
are an adequate team size. The context is important, and
"The boat is at berth in the dock, and the boat is
team sizes can vary depending upon the objective. A team moored to the pier." Belastro (talk) 02:42, 20
must include at least 2 or more members, and most teams February 2014 (UTC)
range in size from 2 to 100. Sports teams generally have fixed
ANCHORING
sizes based upon set rules, and work teams may change in
size depending upon the phase and complexity of the Anchoring or focalism is a cognitive bias where an individual
depends too heavily on an initial piece of information offered
objective. Teams need to be able to leverage resources to be
(considered to be the "anchor") when making decisions.
productive (i.e. playing fields or meeting spaces, scheduled
times for planning, guidance from coaches or supervisors, Anchoring occurs when, during decision making, an individual
depends on an initial piece of information to make
support from the organization, etc.), and clearly defined roles
subsequent judgments. Those objects near the anchor tend
within the team in order for everyone to have a clear to be assimilated toward it and those further away tend to be
purpose. Teamwork is present in any context where a group displaced in the other direction. Once the value of this anchor
of people are working together to achieve a common is set, all future negotiations, arguments, estimates, etc. are
goal.[1] These contexts include an industrial organization discussed in relation to the anchor. This bias occurs when
(formal work teams), athletics (sports teams), a school interpreting future information using this anchor. For
(classmates working on a project), and the healthcare system example, the initial price offered for a used car, set either
before or at the start of negotiations, sets an arbitrary focal
(operating room teams). In each of these settings, the level of
point for all following discussions. Prices discussed in
teamwork and interdependence can vary from low (e.g. golf, negotiations that are lower than the anchor may seem
track and field), to intermediate (e.g. baseball, football), to reasonable, perhaps even cheap to the buyer, even if said
high (e.g. basketball, soccer), depending on the amount of prices are still relatively higher than the actual market value
communication, interaction, and collaboration present of the car.[1]
between team members. The original description of the anchoring effect came
from psychophysics. When judging stimuli along a continuum,
Leadership is both a research area and a practical skill it was noticed that the first and last stimuli were used to
encompassing the ability of an individual or organization to compare the other stimuli (this is also referred to as "end
"lead" or guide other individuals, teams, or anchoring". This was applied to attitudes by Sherif et al. in
entire organizations. Specialist literature debates various 1958 in their article "Assimilation and contrast effects of
viewpoints, contrasting Eastern and Western approaches to anchoring stimuli on judgments.
leadership, and also (within the West) United States versus
European approaches. U.S. academic environments define Berth/Quay
leadership as "a process of social influence in which a person Each port or terminal will in turn have several berths/quay
can enlist the aid and support of others in the which usually has shore equipment for handling cargo,
accomplishment of a common task". covered sheds, open cargo storage areas etc where the cargo
is discharged, loaded and may be stored..
Studies of leadership have produced theories
involving traits,[3] situational interaction, function,
behavior, power, visionand values, charisma, and intelligence, A berth is basically an area where the ship is moored onto the
among others. bollards and where the cargo is loaded or discharged on and
off the ships.. The land area surrounding the berth is also
sometimes referred to as a quay depending on where you are
from..
A berth is a designated location in a port or harbour
used for mooring vessels when they are not at sea.
Berths provide a vertical front which allows safe and One container terminal can have several berths/quay where
secure mooring that can then facilitate the several ships can be handled at the same time..
unloading or loading of cargo or people from vessels.
A berth is the abstraction. It the place where a vessel As an example you can see below image of Brani Container
may safely lie. A berth may be at a pier, jetty, dock, Terminal in Singapore where you can see 6 container ships
etc. A dock or pier may offer many berths. under operation.. Each ship is moored at a different berth
A mooring is for the seaman usually a buoy to which and the area immediately behind the cranes on the land side
the vessel makes fast. Because a ship at moorings maybe termed as quay..
needs room to swing with the tide, and moorings do
not offer direct access to the shore, commercial
ships tend to make use of berths rather than
moorings. Everybody got to be somewhere! (talk)
22:39, 17 February 2014 (UTC)
Ummm... Have you read the article? The article
explains the distinction between berth and mooring.
When a vessel is in a regulated space, such as a
harbor with a harbormaster, it moors at a
designated berth, which is a specified place in a
space such as a harbor. A mooring is any place Brani
where a vessel can tie up: by anchor to the bottom, Container Terminal, Singapore
to a buoy, or to a pier, quay, or other structure fixed
 commercial activities or cargo loading/unloading happening
in a Pier or Jetty..

Pier/Jetty
Pier/Jetty are pretty similar in their purpose which is usually
to tie up small boats or yachts..
So in a way, when it comes to commercial operations, there
may be a hierarchy to this…….

 A coastal country may have many harbours

 Each harbour may have ports
 Each port may have terminals
 Each terminal may have berths and/or quay which is
where all the commercial action takes place
St. Pete Pier,
Russia
But having said all of the above, in many cases, these
A Pier or Jetty could also mean a walkway extending into the different terms are used interchangeably in different
sea/ocean where people can take a walk, do some fishing, eat countries and there are still more terms like Wharf, Dock etc
at the restaurants etc.. There are usually no heavy that are used to refer to a berth or harbour..

MOORING Operation for marker buoys and messenger lines) should be "non
floating" to reduce likelihood of a boat's prop being fouled by
A mooring is any permanent structure to which a vessel may one.
be secured. Examples include quays, wharfs, jetties, piers, Pile moorings[edit]
anchor buoys, and mooring buoys. A ship is secured to a
mooring to forestall free movement of the ship on the water. Pile moorings are poles driven into the bottom of the
waterway with their tops above the water. Vessels then tie
An anchor mooringfixes a vessel's position relative to a point
mooring lines to two or four piles to fix their position
on the bottom of a waterway without connecting the vessel
between those piles. Pile moorings are common in New
to shore. As a verb, mooringrefers to the act of attaching a Zealand but rare elsewhere.
vessel to a mooring.
While many mooring buoys are privately owned, some are
available for public use. For example, on the Great Barrier
Permanent anchor mooring[edit]
Reef off the Australian coast, a vast number of public
moorings are set out in popular areas where boats can moor.
This is to avoid the massive damage that would be caused by
many vessels anchoring.
There are four basic types of permanent anchors used in
moorings:[3]

Mooring line of Polish ship Fryderyk Chopin.

These moorings are used instead of temporary anchors

because they have considerably more holding power, cause
less damage to the marine environment, and are convenient. Dor-Mor pyramid-shaped anchors used in mooring
Where there is a row of moorings they are termed
a tier.[2] They are also occasionally used to hold floating docks  Dead weights are the simplest type of anchor. They are
in place. There are several kinds of moorings: generally made as a large concrete block with a rode
attached which resists movement with sheer weight;
Swing moorings[edit] and, to a small degree, by settling into the substrate. In
Swing moorings also known as simple or single-point New Zealand old railway wheels are sometimes used.
moorings, are the simplest and most common kind of The advantages are that they are simple and cheap. A
mooring. A swing mooring consists of a single anchor at the dead weight mooring that drags in a storm still holds
bottom of a waterway with a rode (a rope, cable, or chain) well in its new position. Such moorings are better suited
running to a float on the surface. The float allows a vessel to to rocky bottoms where other mooring systems do not
find the rode and connect to the anchor. These anchors are hold well. The disadvantages are that they are heavy,
known as swing moorings because a vessel attached to this bulky, and awkward.
kind of mooring swings in a circle when the direction of wind  Mushroom anchors are the most common anchors and
or tide changes. work best for softer seabeds such as mud, sand, or silt.
They are shaped like an upside-down mushroom which
For a small boat (e.g. 22' / 6.7 m sailing yacht), this might can be easily buried in mud or silt. The advantage is that
consist of a heavy weight on the seabed, a 12 mm or 14 mm it has up to ten times the holding-power-to-weight ratio
rising chain attached to the "anchor", and a bridle made from compared to a dead weight mooring; disadvantages
20 mm nylon rope, steel cable, or a 16 mm combination steel include high cost, limited success on rocky or pebbly
wire material. The heavy weight (anchor) should be a dense substrates, and the long time it takes to reach full
material. Old rail wagon wheels are used in some places (e.g. holding capacity.[4]
Clontarf, Dublin, Ireland) for this purpose. In some harbours
 Pyramid anchors are pyramid-shaped anchors, also
(e.g. Dun Laoghaire, Ireland), very heavy chain (e.g. old ship
known as Dor-Mor anchors. They work in the upside-
anchor chain) may be placed in a grid pattern on the sea bed
down position with the apex pointing down at the
to ensure orderly positioning of moorings. Ropes (particularly
 bottom such that when they are deployed, the weight of even sever limbs. Mooring lines made from materials such
wider base pushes the pyramid down digging into the as Dyneema and Kevlar have much less elasticity and are
floor. As the anchors are encountered with lateral pulls, therefore much safer to use. However, such lines do not float
the side edges or corners of the pyramids will dig deeper on water and they do tend to sink. In addition, they are
under the floor, making them more stable.[5][6] relatively more expensive than other sorts of line.
 Screw-in moorings are a modern method. The anchor in Some ships use wire rope for one or more of their mooring
a screw-in mooring is a shaft with wide blades spiraling lines. Wire rope is hard to handle and maintain. There is also
around it so that it can be screwed into the substrate. risk associated with using wire rope on a ship's stern in the
The advantages include high holding-power-to-weight vicinity of its propeller.
ratio and small size (and thus relative cheapness). The
disadvantage is that a diver is usually needed to install, Mooring lines and hawsers may also be made by combining
inspect, and maintain these moorings. wire rope and synthetic line. Such lines are more elastic and
 Multiple anchor mooring systems use two or more easier to handle than wire rope, but they are not as elastic as
(often three) light weight temporary-style anchors set in pure synthetic line. Special safety precautions must be
an equilateral arrangement and all chained to a common followed when constructing a combination mooring line.
center from which a conventional rode extends to a A typical mooring scheme
mooring buoy. The advantages are minimized mass, ease
of deployment, high holding-power-to-weight ratio, and
availability of temporary-style anchors.

Mooring to a shore fixture[edit]

Number Name Purpose

Keep forward part of the ship

1 Head line
against the dock
Crew of Hong Kong's Star Ferryusing a billhook to catch a
hemp mooring rope 2 Forward Breast Line Keep close to pier

A vessel can be made fast to any variety of shore fixtures

3 Aft Bow Spring Prevent from advancing
from trees and rocks to specially constructed areas such
as piers and quays. The word pier is used in the following
explanation in a generic sense. Forward Quarter
4 Prevent from moving back
Spring
Mooring is often accomplished using thick ropes
called mooring lines or hawsers. The lines are fixed to deck
fittings on the vessel at one end and to fittings such as 5 Aft Breast line Keep close to pier
bollards, rings, and cleats on the other end.
Mooring requires cooperation between people on a pier and 6 Stern line Prevent forwards movement
on a vessel. Heavy mooring lines are often passed from larger
vessels to people on a mooring by smaller, weighted heaving
The two-headed mooring bitts is a fitting often-used in
lines. Once a mooring line is attached to a bollard, it is pulled
mooring. The rope is hauled over the bitt, pulling the vessel
tight. Large ships generally tighten their mooring lines using
toward the bitt. In the second step, the rope is tied to the
heavy machinery called mooring winches or capstans.
bitt, as shown. This tie can be put and released very quickly.
In quiet conditions, such as on a lake, one person can moor a
260-tonne ship in just a few minutes.
Quick release mooring hooks provide an alternative method
of securing the rope to the quay: such a system "greatly
reduces the need for port staff to handle heavy mooring
ropes … means staff have to spend less time on exposed
areas of the dock, and [reduces] the risk of back injuries from
A sailor tosses a heaving line to pass a mooring line to a heavy lifting".[7] The Oil Companies International Marine
Forum recommend the use of such hooks in oil and gas
handler on shore terminals.[8]
The heaviest cargo ships may require more than a dozen The basic rode system is a line, cable, or chain several times
mooring lines. Small vessels can generally be moored by four longer than the depth of the water running from the anchor
to six mooring lines. to the mooring buoy, the longer the rode is the shallower the
angle of force on the anchor (it has more scope). A shallower
Mooring lines are usually made from manila rope or a
scope means more of the force is pulling horizontally so that
synthetic material such as nylon. Nylon is easy to work with
ploughing into the substrate adds holding power but also
and lasts for years, but it is highly elastic. This elasticity has
increases the swinging circle of each mooring, so lowering the
advantages and disadvantages. The main advantage is that
density of any given mooring field. By adding weight to the
during an event, such as a high wind or the close passing of
bottom of the rode, such as the use of a length of heavy
another ship, stress can be spread across several lines.
chain, the angle of force can be dropped further.
However, should a highly stressed nylon line break, it may
Unfortunately, this scrapes up the substrate in a circular area
part catastrophically, causing snapback, which can fatally
around the anchor. A buoy can be added along the lower
injure bystanders. The effect of snapback is analogous to
portion of rode to hold it off the bottom and avoid this issue.
stretching a rubber band to its breaking point between your
hands and then suffering a stinging blow from its suddenly
flexing broken ends. Such a blow from a heavy mooring line
carries much more force and can inflict severe injuries or
Other types[edit]

Non-line mooring ("hands-free") is used where pier time is

highly valuable, and includes suction
cups[9][10][11] or magnets.[12][13] It can also be used between
ships.[14]
Mediterranean mooring[edit]
USS Orion (AS-18) "Med moored" with the stern tied to the
pier and two anchors forward, in La Maddalena, Sardinia.

Mediterranean mooring, also known as "med mooring" or

"Tahitian mooring", is a technique for mooring a vessel to
pier. In a Mediterranean mooring the vessel sets a temporary
anchor off the pier and then approaches the pier at a
perpendicular angle. The vessel then runs two lines to the
pier. Alternatively, simple moorings may be placed off the
pier and vessels may tie to these instead of setting a
temporary anchor. The advantage of Mediterranean mooring
is that many more vessels can be connected to a fixed length
of pier as they occupy only their width of pier rather than
their length. The disadvantages of Mediterranean mooring
are that it is more likely to result in collisions and that it is not
practical in deep water or in regions with large tides.
Travelling mooring / Running mooring[edit]

A mooring used to secure a small boat (capable of being

beached) at sea so that it is accessible at all tides. Making a
Travelling Mooring involves (1) the sinking of a heavy weight
to which a block (pulley wheel) is attached at a place where
the sea is sufficiently deep at low tide, (2) fitting a block /
pulley wheel to a rock or secure point above the high tide
mark, and (3) running a heavy rope with marker buoy
between these blocks.
Mooring involves (a) beaching the boat, (b) drawing in the
mooring point on the line (where the marker buoy is located),
(c) attaching to the mooring line to the boat, and (d) then
pulling the boat out and away from the beach so that it can
be accessed at all tides.
Canal mooring[edit]

A wooden mooring bollard

A mooring used to secure a Narrowboat (capable of

traversing narrow UK canals and narrow locks) overnight,
during off boat excursions or prolonged queuing for canal
lock access. Water height with minimal exceptions, remain
constant (not-tidal); there is water height variance in close
proximity to locks.[15]
Types of canal moorings are
Mooring pin (boat operator supplied) driven into the ground
between the edge of the canal and the Towpath with a
mooring-line rope to the boat.[16]
Mooring hook (boat operator supplied) placed on the
(permanent) canal-side rail with either (boat operator
supplied) rope or chain-and-rope to the boat.[16]
Mooring ring (permanent) affixed between the edge of the
canal and the tow path, with (boat operator supplied) rope to
the boat.[16]
Mooring Bollard (permanent) affixed canal-side on lock-
approaches for the short-term mooring of advancing boats
and lock-side to assist in ascent and descent