Mechanical Requirements

Sheet 1 of 34
Mechanical Requirements for

Packaged Equipment
Hytech Project Nº:
Shell DIN: SHO18018
SOV-1008-MX-7770-0001
Client: Shell Upstream Americas Re By Ck'd App'd Date Description
Project: IC (Select Phase) Central Processing Facilities v.
A SME ESU/CF EMB 22/06/18 Issued for Review
(CPF) 0 SME SS
ESU/CF EMB 1
17/07/18 Issued for Tender
SB / CDL / CASO, Neuquén SS 1
Plant:
SHELL UPSTREAM AMERICAS
CPF-LLI Specs and Scopes of Work
Mechanical Requirements for Packaged Equipment

Sheet 2 of 34
Packaged Equipment
Hytech Project Nº:
Shell DIN: SHO18018
SOV-1008-MX-7770-0001
(CPF) 0 SME SS
ESU/CF EMB 1
Plant:
INDEX
1 INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................................................... 4
1.1 definitions......................................................................................................................................... 4
2 DESIGN .................................................................................................................................................. 4
2.1 Piping joints ..................................................................................................................................... 6
2.1.1 Piping systems in vibrating service ....................................................................................... 7
3 MATERIALS ............................................................................................................................................ 8
3.1 Positive material identification ......................................................................................................... 8
3.2 Brittle fracture .................................................................................................................................. 9
3.3 HDPE ............................................................................................................................................... 9
3.4 Rotating equipment ....................................................................................................................... 10
4 FABRICATION ...................................................................................................................................... 10
4.1 Piping ............................................................................................................................................. 10
4.1.1 Welding ............................................................................................................................... 10
4.1.2 NDE for piping ..................................................................................................................... 10
4.1.3 Vessels ................................................................................................................................ 11
4.1.4 Hydrostatic pressure testing ................................................................................................ 12
4.1.5 Pneumatic pressure testing ................................................................................................. 12
5 GENERAL REQUIREMENT FOR PIPING STRESS ANALYSIS ......................................................... 12
6 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR VALVES ....................................................................................... 13
7 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR RECIPROCATING COMPRESSORS. ........................................ 14
7.1 TORSIONAL ANALYSIS ....................................................................................................................... 15
7.2 PULSATION ANALYSIS ....................................................................................................................... 15
8 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR ROTARY-TYPE POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT COMPRESSORS15
9 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR RECIROCATING POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT PUMPS ............. 16
10 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS .............................................................. 16
11 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR PRESSURE VESSELS ................................................................ 17
12 PRESSURE VESSEL ALLOWABLE NOZZLE LOADS ........................................................................ 18
13 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR SHELL & TUBE HEAT EXCHANGERS....................................... 20
14 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR AIRCOOLED HEAT EXCHANGERS ........................................... 20
15 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR FIRED EQUIPMENT .................................................................... 21

Sheet 3 of 34
Packaged Equipment
Hytech Project Nº:
Shell DIN: SHO18018
SOV-1008-MX-7770-0001
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Plant:
16 MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS FOR THERMAL INSULATION .............................................................. 21

16.1 INSULATION TYPE AND THICKNESS ........................................................................................ 21
16.1.1 Insulation ............................................................................................................................. 21
16.1.2 Personnel Protection ........................................................................................................... 22
16.1.3 Insulation Supports.............................................................................................................. 23
16.2 INSULATION AND ACCESSORY MATERIALS......................................................................... 24

16.2.1 Insulation Materials ............................................................................................................. 24
16.3 CLIPS AND QUICK-RELEASE TOGGLES ................................................................................ 24

16.3.1 Support rings ....................................................................................................................... 24
16.3.2 Metallic jacketing ................................................................................................................. 25
16.3.3 Thickness of Sheets ............................................................................................................ 25
16.3.4 Profiles of Sheets for Vessels, Equipment and Piping ........................................................ 25
16.4 GENERAL APPLICATION REQUIREMENTS ............................................................................ 25

16.4.1 General ................................................................................................................................ 25
16.4.2 Uninsulated Surfaces .......................................................................................................... 26
16.4.3 Stainless Steel Surfaces ..................................................................................................... 26
16.4.4 Pressure Testing Considerations ........................................................................................ 27
16.4.5 Valves and Flanges ............................................................................................................. 27
16.5 INSULATION OF PIPING ........................................................................................................... 27

16.5.1 Insulation Application .......................................................................................................... 27
16.5.2 Weatherproofing Application ............................................................................................... 27
16.6 INSULATION OF VESSELS AND EQUIPMENT ........................................................................ 28

16.6.1 Insulation Application .......................................................................................................... 28
16.6.2 Weatherproofing Application ............................................................................................... 28
17 PAINTING ............................................................................................................................................. 29
18 LAY OUT GENERAL REQUIREMENTS .............................................................................................. 30

18.1 General .......................................................................................................................................... 30
18.2 Valve Criticality Requirements....................................................................................................... 30
19 ITP STRATEGY .................................................................................................................................... 34
20 PRE-COMMISSIONING ....................................................................................................................... 34
Sheet 4 of 34
Packaged Equipment
Hytech Project Nº:
Shell DIN: SHO18018
SOV-1008-MX-7770-0001
(CPF) 0 SME SS
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Plant:
1 INTRODUCTION
This specification defines the minimum requirements for the mechanical design of packaged equipment
for the Shell Central Processing Facility Project to be located at Sierras Blancas/Cruz de Lorena,
Neuquén Argentina.
1.1 DEFINITIONS
Module: Arrangement and Integration of all type of equipment and accessories such as Pumps,
compressors, electric motors, gas engines, piping, valves, junction boxes, control panel and instruments.
One or more modules can be part of the same package.
Package Equipment: arrangement and integration of one or more modules that can be part of the same
skid or not.
Vibrating service: the piping system will be considered a Vibrating service when a qualitative screening
identifies one or more mechanisms with high susceptibility to vibration. All piping systems SHALL [PS]
be screened for susceptibility to vibration induced fatigue failure using the criteria in Table 1.
2 DESIGN
Packages systems shall conform to the requirements of the Project Piping Class SOV-1008-MP-7737-
0001, IC (Select Phase) Central Processing Facilities (CPF).
Project basic design loads for steel structures and equipment shall be considered according to
specification SOV-1008-CX-7770-0001 - Structural Steel Requirements for Packaged Equipment.
The following types of packages are considered with high susceptibility to vibration. So they are defined
as vibrating service type:
 Compressor packages
 Reciprocating pump packages
 TEG Dehydration Units
The following remaining packages SHALL [PS] be screened by Vendor for susceptibility to vibration
induced fatigue failure using the criteria in Table 1 below:
 Centrifugal pump modules
 Electrostatic Desalter packages
 Heater Treater packages
 Inlet Separator packages
 Piping and instruments modules
Sheet 5 of 34
Packaged Equipment
Hytech Project Nº:
Shell DIN: SHO18018
SOV-1008-MX-7770-0001
(CPF) 0 SME SS
ESU/CF EMB 1
Plant:
Sheet 6 of 34
Packaged Equipment
Hytech Project Nº:
Shell DIN: SHO18018
SOV-1008-MX-7770-0001
(CPF) 0 SME SS
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Plant:
2.1 PIPING JOINTS
 Socket-welded construction shall not be used in the following services:

a. Piping components larger than DN 50.
b. Services operating under vibration, fatigue, or cyclic loading conditions,
c. Services in which crevice corrosion can occur, including produced water service.
d. Services that are susceptible to erosion or erosion-corrosion.
 Vessel flanges shall not be installed inside skirt areas.
 Threaded joints SHALL [PS] not be used in main process piping:
a. For pipe sizes > DN 50 (NPS 2),
b. In buried piping,
c. In main process piping in severe cyclic service or vibrating service (see Table 2 for
guidance on use of threaded connections for vents, drains, and instrument connections),
d. For main process piping in flashing fluid service, where the C4 or lighter liquid component
in the hydrocarbon stream is greater than 20% by volume,
e. Where the system design temperature is greater than 149 °C (300 °F), due to limitations
associated with grafoil or PTFE tape,
f. In services where crevice corrosion can occur,
g. For process piping where the pressure class is greater than class 600,
 Where a valve is installed immediately after a branch connection, the limitations outlined in the
previous paragraph SHALL [PS] apply to use of threaded joints located on the upstream side of the
valve.
 Threaded joints at branch connections for piping in process service SHALL [PS] not be used:
a. For pipe sizes > DN 50 (NPS 2);
b. In buried piping;
c. Where the system design temperature is greater than 149 °C (300 °F), due to limitations
associated with grafoil or PTFE tape;
d. In services where crevice corrosion can occur;
e. For process piping where the pressure class is greater than class 600;
f. Where they are not allowed in Table 2 below:
Sheet 7 of 34
Packaged Equipment
Hytech Project Nº:
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Table 2 Threaded Joint Application Limits (Branch Connections)

Fluid Category
Cat D Category N
Non-corrosive and non-vibrating

Vibrating service(NOTE A)
Corrosive to thread
material(NOTE B)
Confined space
All
Typical Application
Unvalved seal welded threaded plug Y Y Y N Y Vent or Drain
N.C. regular valve (welded or flanged)
Upstream & threaded plug or cap.
Vent or Drain
ASME B31.3 Process Piping
Branchconnection braced in case of vibrating

service. Y Y Y N N
Non-flowing branch
N.O. regular valve (welded or flanged) Instrument

upstream of the threaded connection, Connection(non-
onlytubing connected. Branch connection corrosive, vibratingor
braced incase of v brating service. Y Y Y N N non-vibrating)
Instruments connected directly to piping (e.g. Instrument

instruments with NPT connectionsinstalled Connection(non-
directly in a TOL). Y Y N N N corrosive, non-vibrating)
Unvalved NPT plug, cap, or thermowell Y Y Y N N Plug / Cap / Thermowell
 Threaded joints (where permitted) shall be NPT pipe threads in accordance with ASME
B1.20.1. Where permitted for process service, piping with threaded ends shall have a minimum
wall thickness of schedule 160.
 After assembly is complete, all threaded connections shall be subjected to a bubble type leak
test (direct pressure technique) per the requirements in Article 10 of ASME Section V.
 Spiral wound gaskets shall never be re-used, since not enough resilience is left in the gasket
material to ensure a leak-proof joint when compressed a second time.
2.1.1 PIPING SYSTEMS IN VIBRATING SERVICE
When a piping system is considered to be in vibrating service, the piping design shall consider the
following:
a) The number of small bore branches to main piping should be minimized.
b) The unsupported length of the branch assemblies should be as short as possible.
c) The weight of the branch assembly should be as low as possible. Avoid installation of heavy
components near the end of branch connections.
d) Designs with fillet welds should be minimized, especially for branch connections.
Sheet 8 of 34
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Plant:
e) The size of the branch pipes shall not be smaller than DN 20 (NPS ¾). For installations where the
length or mass of a branch connection assembly is a concern, increasing the branch pipe size
should be considered.
f) Bracing shall be installed for branch connections associated with installations that are particularly
prone to vibration induced fatigue failure (e.g. on reciprocating compressors). As an alternative,
studding pad type connections and/or slimline valves can be considered to minimize the
unsupported length of the branch connection.
g) Branch connections shall not be installed immediately upstream or downstream of high-capacity gas
pressure reducing stations such as compressor recycle systems, steam desuperheaters, high-rate
depressuring valves, and safety relief valves.
h) For situations where vibration of piping may be expected, like near compressors, connecting points
between branch piping and main piping should be located at positions where vibration amplitudes
are lower, such as near attachment points at pipe supports.
i) Branch connections on piping between compressor and pulsation bottles, and for all piping directly
connected to the compressor should be avoided. If such branch connections cannot be avoided,
their size should be maximized, with the branch braced to the main pipe.
j) Non-direct-mounted instrument-connections are preferred, and should be kept as simple as possible.
The length of the branch for instrument connections should be minimized (e.g. fitting-to-fitting
construction), with only tubing connected to the piping isolation valve. Bracing of the isolation valve
should be considered.
k) Main process piping should be installed with a larger nominal thickness, and pipe support span
distances should be reduced, to increase the natural frequency of the main process piping.
 Thermowells installed in pipes with a liquid velocity greater than 8 m/s (25 ft/s) or with a gas
velocity greater than 16 m/s (50 ft/s) shall be designed in accordance with ASME PTC 19.3 TW -
2010 to prevent fatigue failure due to vortex induced vibration.
3 MATERIALS
3.1 POSITIVE MATERIAL IDENTIFICATION
The Contractor shall have a positive material identification (PMI) program in place that includes definition
and management controls for the following work processes:
 Receipt of Materials - Controls for segregation and storage of materials, material test report
validation and PMI and component identification from the Suppliers (including levels of
examination and examination equipment/methods).
 Issuance of Materials - Controls for the issuance and tracking of materials, components, and
welding consumables during fabrication. This includes controls during fabrication such as the
segregation of materials; materials traceability and identification during the fabrication process,
and the timing and location of PMI in accordance with the Inspection and Test Plan (ITP),
including transfer of identification markings (e.g. heat numbers).
 Surplus Materials - Control and traceability of surplus materials, including the return and
accounting of all surplus or rejected materials.
 Material traceability records shall be included as part of the handover documentation packages.
 These records shall document the PMI verification results, including the locations of PMI tests
performed by the Contractor.
 All carbon steel components in low temperature service shall be verified by matching heat
numbers of components to certified material test certificates. Validation of this requirement shall
be included in the PMI report.
Sheet 9 of 34
Packaged Equipment
Hytech Project Nº:
Shell DIN: SHO18018
SOV-1008-MX-7770-0001
(CPF) 0 SME SS
ESU/CF EMB 1
Plant:
 The following material shall not be subjected to PMI testing:

a. All grades of carbon steel for use in normal service where impact testing is not required.
b. Standard internal valve components from the Manufacturer.
i. NOTE: High alloy valve trim upgrades that are performed in a valve modification
shop may not be exempt.
c. All standard cast 304 and 316 stainless steel valves, control valves and machinery
components.
d. Internal parts of machinery and pumps made of type 304 stainless steel, 316 stainless steel
or brass.
e. Instrumentation, such as orifice plates, Venturi internals, tubing, and similar components that
are made from 304, 304L, 316 and 316L stainless steel or copper.
f. All cast brass valves.
g. Standard (316 stainless steel) spiral wound gasket components.
h. All 304 or 316 stainless steel materials, where stainless steel has been selected for low-
temperature service and not corrosion resistance.
3.2 BRITTLE FRACTURE
3.2.1.1 Low temperature

 The MMT SHALL [PS] take into account the normal lowest operating temperature, the lowest
predicted temperatures during start-up or shutdown, and temperatures during exceptional cool
down events caused by high rate depressurizing (resulting in Joule-Thompson cooling of high-
pressure gas or cooling by evaporation or boiling of liquefied gas).
 The MMT SHALL [PS] also take into account the coldest ambient temperature of the climate at
the plant location.
 Any design with a LDT warmer than the MMT shall have a process whereby the pressure in the
system is physically limited such that the general membrane stress is below 50 N/mm2 (7250
psi) at all temperatures colder than LDT. Any such design shall have homogeneous process and
equipment temperatures. Any possibility for re-pressurization, or pressurization from connected
systems, whilst the equipment is colder than the LDT, SHALL [PS] be excluded.
3.2.1.2 Liquid metal embrittlement
 When 5000-series aluminum alloys are selected for fabrication of heat exchangers, the
manufacturer SHALL [PS] include a proven method of heat treatment to eliminate grain
boundary precipitation and prevent sensitization to mercury induced cracking.
3.3 HDPE
 HDPE pipe shall be joined to other PE pipe or fittings by either heat fusion or electrofusion
joining method, specialized fittings or flanges.
 Fusion welding shall be performed using fusion welding machines designed specifically for that
purpose and shall be in accordance with ISO 12176.
 Permanent repairs of polyethylene containing defects shall be made by cutting out the defective
portions as cylinders and replacing them with pipe, fittings or flanges that meet the design
requirements of the pipeline using joining techniques specified in this specification.
Sheet 10 of 34
Packaged Equipment
Hytech Project Nº:
Shell DIN: SHO18018
SOV-1008-MX-7770-0001
(CPF) 0 SME SS
ESU/CF EMB 1
Plant:
3.4 ROTATING EQUIPMENT
3.4.1.1 Cast iron for reciprocating compressors

 Grey cast iron shall not be used for compressor cylinders or any other pressure components
(except for packing cases), nor shall it be used for valve seats or valve guards.
3.4.1.2 Cast iron for rotary-type positive displacement compressors in flammable or sour
services
 Nodular cast iron (only in accordance with ASTM A 395 or ASTM A 571) is an acceptable
material for flammable or toxic service. Other materials require the written approval of the
Principal. Grey cast iron shall not be used.
4 FABRICATION
4.1 PIPING
4.1.1 WELDING
 For low temperature (impact tested) carbon steel piping systems, the Welding Procedure
Qualification SHALL [PS] be qualified at the same or colder LDT as specified in the selected
pipe class, including any local regulatory requirements.
4.1.2 NDE FOR PIPING
 The extent of examination for piping fabrication shall conform to the requirements of the
applicable code or ASME B31.3, as supplemented by the requirements specified in Table 3 and
Table 4 below. NDE procedures, NDE techniques, defect evaluation, and weld acceptance
criteria shall conform to the requirements of the applicable code or ASME B31.3, whichever is
more stringent.
Table 3 - Piping NDE Requirements (Butt Welds)
NDE Requirements – Butt Welds
Service RT MT/PT Hardness FN(2) Visual
Utility (Category D) 5% - - - 100%
Sweet 10% - - - 100%
Sour 100% - 10% - 100%
Cryogenic (1) 100% 20% - 10% 100%
Notes: (1) Cryogenic systems have a LDT colder than minus 45 °C (minus 50 °F).
(2) Ferrite Number (FN) testing. The FN of the deposited weld metal of all austenitic stainless
steel shop and field welds shall be in the range 3 FN to 8 FN.
Sheet 11 of 34
Packaged Equipment
Hytech Project Nº:
Shell DIN: SHO18018
SOV-1008-MX-7770-0001
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Plant:
Table 4 - Piping NDE Requirements (Socket Welds)

NDE Requirements – Socket Welds
Service RT MT/PT Hardness FN(2) Visual
Utility (Category D) Per Code 5% - - 100%
Sweet 5% 5% - - 100%
Sour 20% 5% 10% - 100%
Cryogenic (1) 20% 20% - 10% 100%
Notes: (1) Cryogenic systems have a LDT colder than minus 45 °C (minus 50 °F).
(2) Ferrite Number (FN) testing. The FN of the deposited weld metal of all austenitic stainless
steel shop and field welds shall be in the range 3 FN to 8 FN.
4.1.3 VESSELS
Only full penetration welds shall be used in the primary pressure boundary or for nozzle
attachments to the vessel shell.
 Carbon steel components that have been cold formed with fiber elongation greater than 5% shall
be subjected to a normalizing heat treatment.
 Austenitic stainless steel components that have been cold formed with fiber elongation greater than
5% shall be subjected to a solution annealing heat treatment.
 All cold formed heads constructed from austenitic stainless steel or nonferrous material shall have
the inside and outside surfaces of the knuckle region examined by PT after forming and any heat
treatment.
 All cold formed heads constructed from ferro-magnetic material shall have the inside and outside
surfaces of the knuckle region examined by MT after forming and any heat treatment.
4.1.3.1 NDE for vessels
 Examination and testing for pressure vessels shall comply with the code of construction, as
supplemented by the requirements in Table 5 below.
Table 5 - NDE Requirements for Unfired Pressure Vessels
Joint type NDEMethod Applicability
All Welds VT 100%

Longitudinal and RT or UT
circumferential butt MT or PT Per code of construction
joints Hardness
RT or UT Per code of construction20%
Nozzle attachment MT or PT Per code of construction
weld inspection Hardness
Lifting lugs and

MT or PT 100%
supports
Non-pressure
MT or PT Optional
attachments
Weld inspection prior
- Optional
to PWHT
Forging UT As per code of construction

inspection(5)
Sheet 12 of 34
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 Acceptance of examination and test results shall be in accordance with the code of construction to
which the vessel is constructed.
4.1.4 HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE TESTING
 For piping metal temperatures or test liquid temperatures below 8 °C (+46 °F), the minimum
allowable metal temperature for hydrostatic testing shall be determined per the requirements of the
applicable code.
4.1.5 PNEUMATIC PRESSURE TESTING
 Pneumatic pressure testing shall be limited to class 150 piping systems such as instrument air
headers or flare headers where design pressure is much less than the flange rating. In these
applications, pneumatic testing has the advantage of minimizing contamination and eliminating
constructability constraints associated with hydrostatic pressure testing. When pneumatic pressure
testing is performed, all personnel shall be cleared from the construction site for the duration of the
test.
 The test pressure during pneumatic pressure testing shall not exceed 275 psig (1900 kPag).
 A safety plan and test procedure shall be prepared and approved by the Principal, and shall include
the following:
a. safety considerations;
b. the non-flammable gas to be used as the test fluid;
c. minimum metal temperature during testing;
d. a list of special equipment in the system to be tested, e.g. bellows, valves,
e. required records and data;
f. safety distances and personnel controls;
g. pressure monitoring instrumentation and accuracy range;
h. overpressure protection devices that will be installed in the system to be tested;
i. permitted activities during test, and the conditions under which they are allowed;
 Gaskets required for service shall be used during the pneumatic pressure test.
5 GENERAL REQUIREMENT FOR PIPING STRESS ANALYSIS
 Piping stress analysis shall be carried out for the following pressure conditions:
a. Design Pressure
b. Maximum Operating Pressure
c. Normal Operating Pressure
d. Cyclic Pressure Conditions
 Piping stress analysis shall be carried out for the following temperature conditions:
a. Upper Design Temperature
b. Lower Design Temperature
c. Maximum Operating Temperature
d. Normal Operating Temperature
 Transient temperature conditions possibly caused by, amongst others, the following load cases:
a. Start-up and shut-down (including the worst case Joule-Thompson cooling temperature)
b. Electrical heating including winterizing
c. Compressor recycle
Sheet 13 of 34
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d. Temperature drop by pressure relief, or depressurization effect

e. Solar radiation
For support loads and displacements piping installation temperature of -20ºC to be used for outdoor
piping and 5ºC for indoor piping and -10ºC for underground piping.
 Piping systems that require computer stress analysis shall include, but are not limited to,
the following:
a. Piping NPS 20 and larger for all design temperatures.
b. Piping NPS 14 to NPS 18 with design temperatures above 120ºC.
c. Piping NPS 1O with design temperatures above 175ºC.
d. Piping NPS 6 and 8 with design temperatures above 200ºC.
e. Piping NPS 4 with design temperatures above 230ºC.
f. Piping NPS 3 with design temperatures above 260ºC.
g. Cryogenic piping systems (where the design temperature is below -46ºC).
h. Process piping connected to heater exchangers or heaters.
i. Process piping NPS 3 and larger connected to rotating equipment.
j. Piping subjected to significant displacements due to connected equipment or support
movement / settlement.
k. Piping subject to slug flow, water hammer, or other dynamic effects.
l. All pipe sizes in cyclic service resulting in a stress range factor f<0.7 per ASME B31.3 Fig.
302.3.5.
m. Piping where engineered items like spring supports, expansion joints, snubbers etc. are
required.
n. Stress shall be compared as applicable to the allowable stresses in the piping code under
consideration.
o. Relief valve thrust design loads shall take into account the most severe case, such as
flashing conditions and liquid entrainment in vapor flows.
p. Cold-spring shall not be used to reduce thrust and moments on flanged joints or equipment
nozzles.
q. Actual piping forces and moments shall be qualified without taking advantage of the friction
factor at pipe supports.
r. The following considerations shall also be included in the analysis:
1. Friction forces from piping supports, guides and restrictions.
2. Equipment (such as instruments) supported by the piping.
6 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR VALVES
 Conventional wafer type valves or instruments clamped between flanges with long bolts or tie
rods are insufficiently fire safe and SHALL [PS] not be used in hydrocarbon service, except
where noted below:
a. The valves are installed outside of a direct fire zone (pool fire) and
b. The flanges and long bolts/tie rods are protected with fire protection (e.g. wrapping the long
bolts with gage (sufficient to provide the protection) stainless steel shroud with a weep hole)
and
c. The valve is not providing emergency isolation or shutdown service; there is an ESD valve
upstream to shut-off the flow of hydrocarbon and
Sheet 14 of 34
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d. The valve is not placed in a location where external stress or vibration may be present.
 Body cavity pressure relief shall be provided for double seated valves (e.g. trunnion mounted
ball valves, gate valves and plug valves), in liquid service subject to fluctuating temperature
(thermal cycling), where:
a. Design temperature is < -50 °C (-58 °F) in all other ASME pressure classes, for all sizes.
 Where possible, body cavity relief shall be routed to the upstream side of the valve. There is no
need for external body cavity relief on:
a. Double seated valves (e.g. floating ball, gate and plug valves) used for light hydrocarbon
services, operating at ambient temperature (0ºC to -29ºC), that might see an operating
temperature down to -50ºC during emergency depressurization.
b. Trunnion mounted ball valves with single-piston effect seating, which shall internally relieve
the excessive cavity pressure to the downstream side of the valve.
c. Trunnion mounted ball valves with one single and one double-piston effect seat, which shall
have the single-piston effect seat on the upstream side and shall internally relieve the
excessive cavity pressure to the upstream side of the valve.
d. For valve trim designs which are not a one-piece closure member and stem type, the closure
member and stem construction shall be provided with a locking mechanism to prevent
accidental separation, which may result in stem blow-out. Locking mechanisms shall not be
fitted through hales in the valve body or bonnet.
7 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR RECIPROCATING COMPRESSORS.
 Main Compressors shall comply with ISO 13631.

 The gas loading on the compressor static frame components (e.g. cylinders, heads, distance
pieces, crosshead guides, crankcase and belting) shall not exceed 100% of the
Manufacturer/Supplier's maximum allowable gas load with discharge pressure equal to set point
pressure of the discharge relief valve (including the required overpressure) and the minimum
suction pressure at each stage corresponding to each load step.
 In addition, the gas loading on the compressor static frame components (e.g. cylinders, heads,
distance pieces, crosshead guides, crankcase and belting) shall not exceed 100% of the
Manufacturer/Supplier's maximum allowable gas load with blocked final stage discharge and
with minimum suction pressure at the first stage as defined by the package data sheets.
 The combined rod loading shall not exceed 100% of the Manufacturer/Supplier's maximum
allowable continuous rod loading with discharge pressure equal to set point pressure of the
discharge relief valve (including the required overpressure) and the minimum suction pressure at
each stage corresponding to each load step.
 As indicated in point 3.4.1.1 grey cast iron shall not be used for compressor cylinders or any
other pressure components (except for packing cases), valve seats or valve guards.
 Materials selected for compressors shall utilize the Contractor's standard material of
construction for casing, piston, cylinders and valves, except in the case of internal components
where cast iron cannot be used.
Sheet 15 of 34
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Plant:
 Ideally, suction piping components for compressors shall have the same pressure rating as the
discharge piping to prevent overpressure due to backflow or settle-out. Where this is not
possible the first stage design pressure shall be at least 1.3 times the maximum settle-out
pressure to prevent the first stage PSV from lifting.
 Compressors packages with inlet and inter-stage liquid knockout (KO) vessel designs, a high
liquid level in a KO separator/gas scrubber on the gas inlet and any inter-stage vessel(s) shall
trip the compressor to prevent damage from liquid carryover.
 Extra-long, single compartment (Type 2) distance pieces shall be furnished.
 Atmospheric vents shall be provided to prevent over pressurizing of both lube oil and seal-oil
reservoirs in the event of gross leakage of the compressor seals.
7.1 TORSIONAL ANALYSIS
 A torsional study is not required only when identical components with demonstrated acceptable
field performance from previous jobs are used, and the Purchaser agrees to waive the analysis.
The above particular requirement have to be agreed upon between Vendor and Shell during the
bid. If Torsional analysis is required, Vendor shall be responsible to coordinate with the compressor
and prime-mover manufacturers to produce such a report.
7.2 PULSATION ANALYSIS
 A pulsation analysis of each compressor package shall be performed to Design Approach 3 as

specified in ISO 13707. It shall include a finite element analysis of the skid structure, supporting
structure, compressor, and all vessels, coolers and piping in the Contractor's scope of supply.
 The mechanical natural frequencies of vessels, structures, piping and attachments within the
compressor building shall be above 2.4 times crankshaft speed or 30 Hz, whichever is higher.
 The pulsation analysis shall include each of the following cases to attenuate pulsation levels in
the piping system: Single operation of the main compressor, parallel operation of machines
during change over and parallel operation during normal operation, during normal operation.
 Pulsation suppression devices shall be sized and installed to operate the units independently or
in parallel operation.
 Mechanical natural frequencies and acoustic (organ-pipe) frequencies shall not be coincident
with pulsation frequencies generated by the compressor.
8 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR ROTARY-TYPE POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT

COMPRESSORS
 Nodular cast iron (only in accordance with ASTM A 395 or ASTM A 571) is an acceptable
material for flammable or toxic service. Other materials require the written approval of the
Purchaser. Grey cast iron shall not be used.
 Compressors shall be equipped with a single mechanical seal. Flush plan to be selected to
meet the operating conditions for contaminants or for cooling.
Sheet 16 of 34
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Plant:
 The maximum discharge pressure shall be limited to 25 bar (360 psi).

 The suction piping components of the compressors shall have the same pressure rating as the
discharge piping to prevent overpressure due to backflow or settle-out.
9 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR RECIROCATING POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
 Reciprocating pumps shall comply with API 674.

 Vendor shall include the pump PSV in the scope of supply
10 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS
1. Process pumps in essential (non-spared) service, handling flashing hydrocarbons in the seal
chamber of the pump shall comply with:
a. Centrifugal API Standard 610:"Centrifugal Pumps for Petroleum, Petrochemical and Natural
Gas Industries".
b. Such pumps are considered heavy-duty. Flashing hydrocarbons are typically products that
contain butane or lighter hydrocarbons and, consequently, will create a vapor cloud in a
"loss of containment" event.
c. Non-homogeneous fluids, such as crude oil, should be evaluated to determine the volume of
light hydrocarbon that would flash in the event of loss of containment and whether that
volume would result in a vapor cloud.
d. Heavy-duty (API) pumps may be single-stage or multistage centrifugal pumps. Impeller tip
speed shall not be greater than 62 m/s (203 ft /sec).
e. All centrifugal pumps require a 10% of net positive suction head (NPSH) available versus
NPSH required, or 1 meter above NPSH required, whichever is greater.
f. Overhung, in-line vertical pumps, where the driver is rigidly coupled to the pump (OH4 type
centrifugal pumps) are not permitted.
g. Pumps handling other liquids that are not classified as very toxic acute or very toxic chronic
or operate above the fluid auto ignition temperature need not comply with API 610.
2. Pumps in non-hazardous, non-essential service may be of the light-duty type provided that they
meet the following criteria:
a. Discharge pressure does not exceed 1900 kPa (275 psi)
b. Fluid temperature is between 0ºC (32ºF) and 150ºC (300ºF)
c. Pump does not exceed 3000 RPM
d. Rated differential head does not exceed 120 m (400 ft)
3. Process pumps handling stabilized condensate, non-flammable liquids (such as produced water)
and utility pumps, for services such as chemical transfer or lube oil distribution, shall comply with
ASME Standard B73.1: "Specification for Horizontal End Suction Centrifugal Pumps for Chemical
Process", ASME Standard B73.2: "Specification for Vertical In-Line Centrifugal Pumps for Chemical
Process" or ISO Standard 5199: "Technical Specifications for Centrifugal Pumps - Class 11".
4. Pump seal plan selection shall follow the criteria contained in Table 6. Seal types and plans are as
identified in API 682 - R2011 (ISO 21049): Pumps-Shaft Sealing Systems for Centrifugal and Rotary
Pumps.
Table 6: Pump Seal Plan Selection
Liquid Conditions API Seal and Flush Plan Type (John Crane or Flowserve)
Sheet 17 of 34
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Plant:
Flashing liquid Dual contact wet seals (2CW-CW), Flush Plan 52.
Contacting single seal with a floating throttle bushing

Not flashing liquid or liquid below
(1CW-FL).Flush Plan to be selected depending on
its auto ignition/flash point
process/operating conditions.
11 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR PRESSURE VESSELS
 Pressure vessels shall be in compliance with ASME Sec. VIII Div. 1. Stamp is not required.
 Only full penetration welds shall be used in the primary pressure boundary or for nozzle
attachments to the vessel shell.
 Flanges shall not be installed inside skirts.
 Vessel drain valves shall be located outside the vessel skirt.
 All connections for pressure vessels in hydrocarbon service shall be flanged. For small vessels
(OD less than 14 inches (356 mm)) fabricated primarily from piping components in lower risk
services like fuel gas, instrument gas, or other similar fluids, NPT connections on the vessel are
allowed up to 3/4 inch.
 Lifting lugs and trunnions should be designed for a total load as follows:
a. For vessels < 100 t (220,500 lbs), 1.5 times the lifted weight of the equipment. Examination and
testing for pressure vessels shall comply with the code of construction, as supplemented by
the requirements in Table 7.
Sheet 18 of 34
Packaged Equipment
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Shell DIN: SHO18018
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Plant:
Table 7. NDE Requirements for Unfired Pressure Vessels
NDE
Joint type Applicability
Method
All Welds VT 100%
Longitudinal and RT or UT
circumferential butt MT or PT Per code of construction
joints Hardness
RT or UT Per code of construction
Nozzle attachment MT or PT 20%
weld inspection Hardness
Lifting lugs and

MT or PT 100%
supports
Non-pressure
MT or PT Optional
attachments
Weld inspection prior

- Optional
to PWHT
Forging UT As per code of construction

inspection
 Carbon steel components that have been cold formed with fiber elongation greater than 5%
shall be subjected to a normalizing heat treatment.
 Pressure vessels with an ID greater than 36" shall be equipped with a manway at least 18" in
diameter or large enough to install the vessels internals, whichever is larger.
 Vessel nozzles shall be equal to or greater in size than the size of the connecting piping.
 All cold formed heads constructed from ferro-magnetic material shall have the inside and
outside surfaces of the knuckle region examined by MT after forming and any heat treatment.
12 PRESSURE VESSEL ALLOWABLE NOZZLE LOADS
 Loads are referenced to nozzle shell junction (not face of flange).

 Loads are suitable for carbon steel, stainless steel, and low alloy vessels up to 426ºC (800ºF).
 The Contractor shall confirm the loads are acceptable as specified in the table 8 only when the
nozzles are tie-in points.
 Single force and moment components of a calculated load may exceed the component allowable
by up to a factor of 1.5, provided that the resultant/combined force or moment allowable (FR or
MR) is not exceeded by the applied loads.
 Loads are based on operating condition (weight and thermal loads present) without friction.
When considering friction and/or occasional loads, a factor of 1.5 may be applied to the table
allowable loads, for both single component and resultant/combined values.
 Allowable loads are applicable to nozzles modelled both with and without nozzle flexibility.
Sheet 19 of 34
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 Nozzle load notation depicted in Figure 1.

o FA- Force, Axial
o Fc - Force, Circumferential
o FL - Force, Longitudinal
o FR - Force, Resultant
o MA- Moment, Axial (Torque)
o Mc - Moment, Circumferential
o ML - Moment, Longitudinal
o MR - Moment, Resultant
 Resultant loads are of all three components and are not shown in Figure 1.
 FA can act in either direction; into vessel or away from vessel
Figure 1: Nozzle Load Diagram

Sheet 20 of 34
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Table 8: Allowable Pressure Vessel Nozzle Loads
13 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR SHELL & TUBE HEAT EXCHANGERS
 The default type of exchanger for process-to-process heat exchange is shell and tube type,
conforming to API Standard 660: Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchangers, with TEMA C construction.
 The base case for tube bundles is carbon steel.
 Material selection of carbon steel shell and tube heat exchanger bundles is based on a
minimum service life of 10 years.
 Nozzle allowable loads shall follow Table 8.
 Heat exchangers with gas or two-phase flow on the shell side shall be analyzed during the
design phase to verify that acoustic or destructive flow-induced vibrations will not occur.
 If isolation of the cold side of the heat exchanger in liquid service with continuous heat input
from the process or utility heat medium (hot side) results in a vapor pressure greater than
design, then overpressure protection shall be provided.
14 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR AIRCOOLED HEAT EXCHANGERS
 For condensing services tube bundles shall slope to the outlet header box.
 Contractor shall provide both hail screens galvanized grating and bug screens #8 galvanized
grating mesh or equivalent. Removable bug screen panel(s) shall be provided for access into the
bay.
 If process conditions require, automatic louvers shall be considered. Automatic louvers shall fail
open and provide maximum cooling during a power failure unless the processed fluid is
susceptible to freezing or hydrate formation where ambient conditions would have this effect.
 Motors for fans shall be fixed speed type unless the process requires fine control of outlet
temperature, in which case VFD compatible motors shall be used. If variable speed control is
required, the vendor shall provide the VFD and the control will be connected to the plat DCS.
 For Gas Engine Compressors, Air cooler fin fan shall be compressor engine driven.
Sheet 21 of 34
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 Air cooler Fans shall be configured with a manually adjustable blade pitch.
 The motor should have some facility for rigging. A davit or other suitable steel above the motor
shall be provided by the Contractor.
 When 5000-series aluminum alloys are selected for fabrication of heat exchangers, the
manufacture shall include a proven method of heat treatment to eliminate grain boundary
precipitation and prevent sensitization to mercury induced cracking.
15 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR FIRED EQUIPMENT
 Mechanical design and construction shall be according to ASME BPVC Section VIII Div 1.
 Only full penetration welds shall be used in the primary pressure boundary or for nozzle
attachments to the fired equipment shell.
 Flanges shall not be installed inside skirts.
 All connections for fired pressure vessels in hydrocarbon service shall be flanged.
 Lifting lugs and trunnions should be designed for a total load as follows:
b. For vessels < 100 t (220,500 lbs), 1.5 times the lifted weight of the equipment. Examination and
testing for fired equipment shall comply with the code of construction.
16 MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS FOR THERMAL INSULATION
16.1 INSULATION TYPE AND THICKNESS
16.1.1 INSULATION
For heat conservation mineral or ceramic wool will be used, precast or in blanket, as indicated in Table
9. Thickness of the insulation is also determined from Table 9 as follow
Sheet 22 of 34
Packaged Equipment
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ESU/CF EMB 1
Plant:
Table 9: insulation thicknesses for heat conservation service (mm).

Operating temperature range (ºC)
Diameter. 66 120 200 260 310 370 420 530 590 650 760
120 200 260 310 370 420 530 590 650 760 816
½" - 3/4" 40 40 40 40 50 50 50 80 100 30A + 60B 30A + 60B
1" - 1½" 40 40 40 40 50 50 80 100 100 30A + 60B 30A + 60B
2" 40 40 50 50 60 60 80 100 100 30A + 80B 30A + 90B
3" 40 40 50 50 60 80 100 120 120 30A + 90B 40A + 90B
4" 40 40 60 60 80 80 120 140 140 30A + 100B 30A + 100B
6" 40 50 60 60 80 100 140 160 160 30A + 100B 30A + 100B
8" 50 50 80 80 100 100 140 160 160 40A + 100B 50A + 100B
10" 50 60 80 80 100 120 140 160 180 40A + 100B 50A + 100B
12" 50 60 80 80 100 120 140 180 180 40A + 100B 50A + 100B
14" 50 60 80 100 120 120 160 180 180 40A + 100B 50A + 100B
16" 50 60 100 100 120 120 180 180 200 40A + 100B 50A + 100B
18" and
60 80 100 100 120 140 180 200 220 40A + 100B 50A + 100B
higher
Preformed Mineral Preformed Mineral Wool A: Wrapped mat ceramic fiber
Wool ASTM C-547 ASTM C-547 Class 3 B: Mineral wool. C-547 Class 3
Class 2 192kg/m3 288 kg/m3 or C-592 Class 2
Insulation
Materials Wrapped mat
Wrapped mat ceramic fiber Mineral Wool.
ASTM C-592 Class 1 ASTM C-592
128kg/m3 Class 2
192kg/m3
Heat tracer and steam-out temperatures shall not be used to determine the appropriate insulation
thickness.
16.1.2 PERSONNEL PROTECTION
Personnel protection shall be installed only in accessible areas where the operating temperature of
piping will exceed 66°C but not requiring insulation, and will present a safety hazard because of location.
For personnel protection mineral wool will be used, precast or in blanket, as indicated in Table 10.
Thickness of the insulation is also determined from Table 10 as follow:
Sheet 23 of 34
Packaged Equipment
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Shell DIN: SHO18018
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ESU/CF EMB 1
Plant:
Table 10: insulation thicknesses for personnel protection. (mm)

Operating temperature range (ºC)
Diameter 66 200 310 420 480
200 310 420 480 650
1½"-2" 30 40 40 40 50
3"-6" 30 40 40 50 60
8"- and higher 40 40 40 50 60
Equipment 40 40 40 50 60
Preformed Mineral Wool Preformed Mineral Wool
ASTM C-547 Class 2 ASTM C-547 Class 3
Insulation 192kg/m3 288kg/m3
Materials Wrapped mat Mineral Wool. Wrapped mat Mineral Wool.
ASTM C-547 Class 1 ASTM C-592 Class 2
128kg/m3 192kg/m3
In general, vessels, exchangers, pumps, miscellaneous equipment, valves, flanges, and unions shall not
be insulated for personnel protection. If, however, a possible hazard is evident, insulation or other means
of protection shall be provided to prevent personnel from coming in direct contact with hot surfaces.
For pipes, equipment, etc. where personnel protection is required, insulation will be done according to
the following criteria.
 Personnel protection insulation shall extend up to 2 meters vertically and 1 meter horizontally
away from accessible areas and staff operating platforms.
 Pipes or equipment that are within 0.6 meters of the limits of the staff regular transit platforms
shall be insulated.
 For the cases where the application of the points above leave an exposed or uninsulated length
of pipe that is less than 3 meters long, the insulation shall not be interrupted.
 The insulation shall not be considered necessary when personnel are expected to only have
access to the heated element in non-routine maintenance work.
16.1.3 INSULATION SUPPORTS
Insulation supports for vertical piping shall be of a bolted or clamp-on type. The maximum width of the
support shall be equal to the thickness of the insulation. Insulation supports for vertical piping shall be
provided and installed by the SUBCONTRACTOR at the following locations:
 300 mm above the uppermost weld of an elbow or tee in a vertical run of piping
 Bolt length plus 25 mm above vertical oriented flanges
 Every 3 meters maximum of vertical steel pipe elevation.
All equipment insulation supports shall be installed by the equipment Manufacturer. The
CONTRACTOR OR SUBCONTRACTOR shall not weld supports to any item unless written
authorization to do so is obtained from the PURCHASER.
Sheet 24 of 34
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Plant:
16.2 INSULATION AND ACCESSORY MATERIALS
No flammable materials shall be attached to the insulation.

Insulation materials shall be free from asbestos.
All insulation materials shall be stored in moisture-proof containers. If the insulation becomes damp,
moist, or wet it shall not be applied until inspected and approved by the CONTRACTOR. Sheets of
metal jacket shall be kept dry to prevent staining. Mastics shall be stored in accordance with the
MANUFACTURER’S recommended temperature and conditions.
16.2.1 INSULATION MATERIALS
16.2.1.1 Fastening materials

Galvanized steel materials shall never be used for fastening insulation to stainless steel piping and
equipment.
16.2.1.2 Binding wire

Wire shall be of 1 mm dia. austenitic stainless steel (AISI 304).
16.2.1.3 Band
The band material for strapping bands and distance ring bands shall be a minimum of 0.5 mm thick and
be of 10 mm to 20 mm wide stainless steel (AISI 304).
16.2.1.4 Self-tapping screws

Self-tapping screws shall be 4.8 mm dia x 12 mm long Monel, stainless steel or hard aluminum with
slotted pan head or round head.
16.2.1.5 Clips and quick-release toggles

Clips and quick-release toggles shall be of stainless steel or aluminum. Quick-release toggle fasteners
for securement of removable boxes shall be of spring shackle lock type and shall be sized
commensurate with the weight of the box concerned. They shall be spot-welded to the stainless steel
bands which are to be incorporated in the box design.
16.2.1.6 Support rings

Support rings for metal sheeting shall be made of:
 1.5 x 25 mm carbon steel strip for an outside diameter of insulation up to 125 mm.
 3 x 25 mm carbon steel strip for an outside diameter of insulation above 125 mm up to 760 mm.
 5 x 30 mm carbon steel strip for an outside diameter of insulation above 760 mm.
Sheet 25 of 34
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16.2.1.7 Metallic jacketing

No flammable materials are allowed for the metal jacketing.
In areas with potential fire hazard, only aluminized steel or stainless steel sheeting shall be used.
Aluminum shall be used over insulation of piping and equipment with a surface (process) temperature
up to 650°C.
16.2.1.8 Thickness of Sheets
The thickness of the aluminum sheets shall be as follows:
 Until 12” the sheet thickness must be 0.6 mm

 Over 12” to 24” must be used 0.8 mm of thickness
 Over 24” 1.0 mm of thickness must be used
16.2.2 PROFILES OF SHEETS FOR VESSELS, EQUIPMENT AND PIPING
Vertical equipment/vessels over 1000 mm diameter shall use corrugated sheets with 16.0 mm. ± 3 mm.
deep corrugations with a pitch of 64 mm. ± 3 mm.
Vertical equipment/vessels over 1000 mm diameter with stiffener rings shall use sheets as above but
with lengths modified to minimize cutting, subject to the specified length not exceeding 3.0 m.
Vertical equipment/vessels up to 1000 mm diameter and all horizontal equipment/vessels shall use flat
sheets.
Dished top heads of vertical equipment/vessels, dished bottom heads of skirt supported vessels and
dished end heads of horizontal equipment/vessels shall use flat sheets.
For protective removable covers, where required for a specific application, flat sheets shall be used.
Flat sheets shall be used on piping.
16.3 GENERAL APPLICATION REQUIREMENTS
16.3.1 GENERAL
Insulation materials shall not be applied if the moisture content is more than the stated amount given in
the MANUFACTURER’S application data.
Surfaces to be insulated shall be clean, free of oil, grease, dirt, and moisture. All specified coatings shall
be applied and allowed to cure before proceeding with the application of insulation materials.
Prior to the insulating materials application, the surfaces to be insulated shall be cleaned carefully
removing oxides, greases and oils
Insulation materials shall not be applied to wet surfaces.
The insulation must be installed considering appropriate tolerances to absorb thermal expansion.
All relevant tests to be performed on welded joints shall be performed prior to the application of the
insulation.
The sections shall be fixed by wire or strips as indicated in points 16.2.1.2 and 16.2.1.3.
A composite waterproofing layer (asphalt emulsion or similar) will be applied over the insulating
material.
If the continuity of the insulation is interrupted, sealant shall be applied on the edge to ensure the
insulating.
Sheet 26 of 34
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The insulating material is weatherized with smooth aluminum cover, with the following thickness as
appropriate.
 Piping : 0,6 mm (until ø 4"); 0,8 mm (ø greater or equal than 6")
 Vessels : 1 mm
Aluminum covers with suitable forms will be placed, fixed with parker screws.
All fittings must be completely insulated, considering the easy removal for maintenance
For flanges, flanged valves, blinded nozzles and other irregular profiles, where insulation is required,
removal blankets insulation, or insulation jackets shall be used; in order to allow leaks detection. If
insulation is required for personnel protection, it could be uninsulated as long as there a wire-mesh cage
for personnel protection.
 Vessels
If necessary additional supports shall be provided and installed to properly support insulation.
Expansion joints for covers shall be provided, if it is necessary.
The outer side of vessels heads shall be insulated the same way as the cylindrical part, using aluminum
wedges sheets for the cover.
Nameplates of vessels shall not be covered by the insulation.
16.3.2 UNINSULATED SURFACES
The following items shall not be insulated unless otherwise noted on the drawings or herein
 Code inspection plates

 Drains
 Dummy supports
 Flanges and flanged valves in hydrogen service
 Internally insulated piping and vessel components
 Name plates
 Stampings
 Steam traps
 Unions (except instrument line unions)
 Weepholes
 Vents
 Strainers
 Gauges
 Low pressure condensate piping
16.3.3 STAINLESS STEEL SURFACES
Stainless Steel surfaces shall be prepared for insulation as follows:

Items that have been exposed to a salty atmosphere during transit, storage or after erection shall be
thoroughly washed with potable water containing less than 2 ppm chlorides.
The surfaces shall be thoroughly dried.
Insulation shall be stopped short of uninsulated flange connections. The distance shall be the length of
the flange bolt plus 25 mm to allow removal of the bolts without damaging the adjacent insulation.
Sheet 27 of 34
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16.3.4 PRESSURE TESTING CONSIDERATIONS
Vertical surfaces shall be insulated only after pressure testing.

Horizontal surfaces should be insulated after pressure testing. However, they may be insulated before
pressure testing upon CONTRACTOR’S approval provided the insulation is temporarily held back a
minimum distance of 150 mm on either side of welds, threaded, or bolted connections. After completion
of pressure testing, all missing insulation shall be installed and appropriately weatherproofed.
Insulation thickness shall be as specified in job specification.
16.3.5 VALVES AND FLANGES
Valves and flanges operating above 70°C, or in a service, at any temperature where the product may
solidify, shall be provided with removable insulation covers or boxes. Flange mating faces shall be
protected with a removable flange protection made of AISI 316 stainless steel. Up to 250°C, tightness
may be reinforced with a double Teflon band applied on the inner face of removable flange protection.
Drainage outlets shall be an integral part of the removable cover design so that leaks may be visually
detected. Flanges in services operating above 70°C that are not insulated in insulated piping shall also
be provided with a weather protection cover of stainless steel sheet metal.
16.4 INSULATION OF PIPING
16.4.1 INSULATION APPLICATION
Single layer pipe insulation shall be applied in a staggered circumferential joint arrangement. Multiple
layer pipe insulation shall be applied with all joints staggered.
The circumferential joints of multiple layer insulation systems shall be staggered 150 mm from the
circumferential joints of any adjacent preceding or succeeding layer.
Insulation shall be secured with wire or bands (15 mm wide) up to 8” NPS, and with bands (20 mm
wide) for sizes 10” NPS and above. Wire and bands shall be spaced on 300 mm maximum centers.
Securement of fittings shall be as required to hold the insulation segments together tightly, but as a
minimum each extreme shall be secured.
16.4.2 WEATHERPROOFING APPLICATION
Jacket section shall be overlapped a minimum of 50 mm width, arranged to shed water, and located
over the pipe side. Overlaps shall be staggered.
Pipe jacketing on mineral wool insulation shall be secured with screws or bands spaced on 150 mm
maximum centers.
The pipe fitting covers shall be tightly fastened with screws spaced on 75 mm maximum centers.
Overlaps shall be 50 mm wide and arranged to shed water. Where it is impractical to maintain the 50
mm overlap, the overlapped jackets shall be secured together with screws spaced on 75 mm centers.
A watertight metal termination cover shall be installed where pipe insulation terminates. Insulation at
each termination shall be “square cut.” Band clips shall be equally spaced with one clip at the overlap.
Termination covers shall be with a band at each circumferential overlap and sheet metal screws spaced
on 75 mm centers.
Flashing compound shall be applied at all possible sources of moisture penetration.
Irregularly shaped surfaces, which cannot be suitably weatherproofed with metal jacketing, shall be
finished with a 15 mm thick layer of finishing cement. A 4 mm thick coat of weatherproofing mastic with
reinforcing fabric shall be applied over the cured cement. This finish shall extend at least 50 mm under
the adjacent metal jacketing. No porosity shall exist in the weatherproofing mastic when dry.
Sheet 28 of 34
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Sheet metal screws for fastening the metal weatherproofing shall have a neoprene washer under its
head.
16.5 INSULATION OF VESSELS AND EQUIPMENT
16.5.1 INSULATION APPLICATION
Insulation on vessels and tubular equipment shall be applied in a staggered joint arrangement and to fit
the contour so that no gaps are evident. The insulation shall be secured in place with bands spaced on
450 mm centers.
Banding of insulation over the heads of horizontal equipment and top heads of vertical equipment shall
be as follows:
 A floating ring, large enough to clear the center nozzle flange, if one exists, shall be made from 6
mm diameter stainless steel rod.
 The ring shall be placed in the center of the head.
 A girth ring, made from two bands shall be installed on the shell at approximately 150 mm below
the tangent line of the head.
 Bands shall be run radially from the floating ring to the girth ring.
 The radial bands shall be spaced at 300 mm maximum centers on the girth ring.
Unexposed bottom heads and cones on vertical vessels and tubular equipment shall have the blanket
insulation shaped so that all sections are tight and secured with wire to slotted weld pins or blank nuts.
Vessel and tubular equipment transitions shall have the insulation applied with all edges securely laced
together with wire.
Vessels and tubular equipment stiffener rings shall be insulated. The insulation shall be applied with all
edges securely laced together with wire. The insulation shall also be secured in place with a band in the
center of each stiffener ring.
Insulation shall be applied behind the name plate mounting bracket, when possible.
16.5.2 WEATHERPROOFING APPLICATION
Vessel and tubular equipment shells shall be weatherproofed with metal jacketing.
Vertical overlaps of non-corrugated metal jacket sections shall be a minimum of 50 mm.
Circumferential overlaps at the top tangent lines, transitions, and stiffeners shall be a minimum of 150
mm. All other circumferential overlaps shall be a minimum of 50 mm.
Metal jacketing overlaps and seams shall be arranged to shed water. Seams shall be water and
weather tight.
Insulation on the heads and transitions shall be weatherproofed with metal jacketing fabricated from
gores shaped to fit and lapped a minimum of 75 mm to ensure a weather tight construction. The gores
shall be secured with screws spaced on 75 mm maximum centers. All overlaps on the top head shall
have sealant.
On vertical vessels and equipment, S-clips shall be used to keep the jacket sheets from sliding down. S-
clips shall be fabricated from 20 mm wide bands. The length of the S-clip shall equal the overlap. They
shall be spaced on 300 mm maximum centers but not less than three per each metal sheet.
Metal jacketing over shells less than 4.60 meters in diameter shall be secured with bands spaced on
300 mm maximum centers. Band spacing shall be calculated on an individual basis for shells greater
Sheet 29 of 34
Packaged Equipment
Hytech Project Nº:
Shell DIN: SHO18018
SOV-1008-MX-7770-0001
(CPF) 0 SME SS
ESU/CF EMB 1
Plant:
than 4.60 meters in diameter. Each circumferential overlap shall have a band installed. J-clips, fastened
to the jacket with screws, shall be used to prevent bands from sliding down. Each band shall have J-
clips on 1.80 meters maximum centers but not less than four J-clips per band. The band at the overlap
shall be installed over the S-clips.
Bands shall be secured or fastened with closed seals. Wing type seals are not allowed on tank,
pressure vessel, and, equipment shells.
Breather springs shall be installed on each band on tank, pressure vessel, and equipment shells.
Breather springs shall be evenly spaced and shall be stretched a maximum of 13 mm during installation.
Insulated surfaces such as equipment bottom heads, which are not exposed to weather may be
weatherproofed with mastic and scrim cloth in lieu of metal upon prior approval with the
CONTRACTOR.
Appropriate metal flashing shall be provided at all protrusions through insulation jacket. Heavy fillets of
flashing compound shall also be applied at all points where insulation has been cut, such as at nozzles
and protrusions through the insulation jacket.
Metal flashing (flat sheet metal) shall be installed at the bottom insulation support on pressure vessels,
tanks, and equipment. The flashing shall start at a location 100 mm under the vertical weatherproofing
and cover the bottom support ring width. Use of flashing compound or caulking between the insulation
jacket and the insulation support ring is not allowed as a substitute for the metal flashing.
Heads of vessels and tubular equipment shall be weatherproofed with metal jacketing. A minimum of
150 mm shall be turned down and overlap the shell jacketing. The jacketing shall be formed to fit the
contour of the insulation. All seams shall be made up by lock-seam construction and secured with
screws spaced on 125 mm maximum centers. The head jacketing overlap shall be fastened to the
jacketing on the shell with sheet metal screws spaced on 125 mm centers. The head jacketing shall also
be secured in place at the circumferential overlap with a band.
Transitions and stiffener rings shall be weatherproofed with jacketing having weatherproof seams. The
jacketing shall extend under the upper shell jacketing a minimum of 15 mm and down over the lower
shell jacketing a minimum of 150 mm. The overlap shall be fastened to the jacketing on the shell with
sheet metal screws spaced on 125 mm centers.
17 PAINTING
Packaged piping and vessels shall not be painted. Only Subcontractor standard painting for instruments
applies, valves and equipment such as pumps, electric motors and engines is accepted.
Skid, equipment and piping supports painting is defined in document SOV-1008-CX-7770-0001 SB-
1008-HYTECH - Structural Steel Requirements for Packaged Equipment
Sheet 30 of 34
Packaged Equipment
Hytech Project Nº:
Shell DIN: SHO18018
SOV-1008-MX-7770-0001
(CPF) 0 SME SS
ESU/CF EMB 1
Plant:
18 LAY OUT GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
18.1 GENERAL
 Clearance around a manway should be provided perpendicular to the door for 1219 mm and
parallel to the door for 760 mm from each side of the door or as required for removal or refit of
internals.
 Equipment or piping that, in normal operations, exposes personnel to surface temperatures for
momentary contact below 0ºC or above 65ºC, or prolonged contact below 0ºC or above 49ºC
shall be provided with personnel protection to a height of 2000 mm above the walking level.
 The maximum weight to be lifted/lowered by one person using two hands, with the load close to
the body, shall be 23 kg. The maximum weight to be lifted/lowered by a two-person lift shall be
46 kg. Lifts or manual activities involving more than two persons are prohibited.
 Adequate space shall be provided where significant maintenance or operations procedures will
be required such as calibration of instruments or machinery alignments. This space shall
measure 1000 mm wide, 1000 mm deep and 2300 mm high. The use of walkways as work
space is acceptable. Walkway shall have minimum clear space of 1000 mm wide and 2300 mm
high.
 Adequate space based on the minimum worker envelope for standing positions shall be
provided around pump and compressor seals, couplings, bearings and stuffing boxes for
removal and replacement activities as appropriate. The minimum clearance between pumps or
pumps and piping shall be at least 1220 mm for small pumps (< 18 kW) and 1525 to 2025 mm
for larger pumps (taking base plates, valve hand wheels, pipelines, etc. into account). The
spacing requirement does not apply to the following:
 Suction or discharge piping of the pump as long as access is provided on one side.
 Small lube oil pumps.
 A minimum of 75 mm space shall be provided for wrench room/access between pipe flanges
and an exchanger shell or its insulation, and the exchanger flanges and around isolation points
with spectacle blinds.
 A minimum of 75 mm clearance shall be provided between the outside rim of a valve hand wheel
or the end of a valve handle and any obstacle located within the field of travel of the hand wheel
or handle. For valves installed in cold weather environments, the minimum clearance provided
hall be increased to 125 mm.
 Horizontally stemmed valves used in normal or emergency operations shall be located between
230 mm and 1830 mm above grade and with a maximum reach of 455 mm.
 Vertically stemmed valves used in normal or emergency operations shall be located between
150 mm and 1300 mm above grade and with a maximum reach of 455 mm.
 Adequate space shall be provided for heat exchanger cleaning, removal, tube bundle pulling
activities, and at the far end to roll tube in. This shall include space for bundle pull space, lay
down area, personnel work space, tools, lifting equipment and transportation devices.
 Vertical access shall be provided whenever operators or maintainers must change elevation
abruptly by more than 300 mm.
18.2 VALVE CRITICALITY REQUIREMENTS
Valves shall be provided access as per the following requirements:

 Category 1 Valves
o Shall be located at ground level or accessible from grade.
Sheet 31 of 34
Packaged Equipment
Hytech Project Nº:
Shell DIN: SHO18018
SOV-1008-MX-7770-0001
(CPF) 0 SME SS
ESU/CF EMB 1
Plant:
o If such access at ground level is not practical, access by stairs to a permanent elevated
platform is acceptable.
o Access via a fixed ladder and standing platform may be considered provided that three
points of contact minimum will be maintained at all times during assent, work and
descent and frequency of the work to be done is not more often than once in thirty-one
days.
o Emergency shutdown (ESD) valves shall be accessible from grade or stairs and without
exception shall be located in a clear area.
o Shall be located such that they can be reached by a vertical fixed ladder plus a small
standing surface.
o The use of auxiliary equipment to gain access (e.g. mobile platforms, man lift, or
scaffolding) for maintenance purposes may be acceptable as long as it is indicated and
allowed for in the design by preserving the space required.
o Permanent accessibility is desirable but not essential for these valves and the use of
auxiliary equipment to gain access (e.g. mobile platforms) shall be indicated and allowed
for in the facility design.
o Portable ladders should not be used for access to these valves and any proposed
exception(s) to this shall be subject to specific review and approval by the Purchaser.
Table 11: Examples of valve categorizations for many common scenarios.
Essential High Serious Frequent
Criticality
No. Valve Type Safe- Likelihood Consequence Operation or Comments
Process Control Rating
guarding Maintenance
of failure
1 Valves associated with columns/vessels
Manual In/out isolation
1.1 - - - - 4 years C-2
valves
Open vent valve (high
1.2 - - - - Rare C-3
point vents)
Open drain/utility
1.3 connection valve (low - . - - - C-1
point)
Valve in closed HC
1.4 - - - - Frequent C-1
drain system
2 Valves associated with tanks/bullets
2.1 - . - - Annual C-2
valves
2.2 Bottom open drain valve . - - - Annual C-2
Pressure vacuum valves
2.3 - - - - Annual C-2
(PVRV)
Load out valves (conde,
2.4 - - - - 3 years C-1
water , C3+, bullets)
Diesel and glycol tank
2.5 - - . - Bi Annual C-1
fill and drain valves
3 Valves associated with exchangers
3.1 - - - - Annual C-2
valves
3.4 Open vent valve - - - - Rare C-3
Sheet 32 of 34
Packaged Equipment
Hytech Project Nº:
Shell DIN: SHO18018
SOV-1008-MX-7770-0001
(CPF) 0 SME SS
ESU/CF EMB 1
Plant:

Criticality
of failure
Open drain/utility
3.5 connection valve (only Annual C-2
liquid service)
Closed drain valve (only
3.6 - - - - Annual C-2
liquid service)
Valves associated with pumps 1c2+,PW, condensate shipping pumps, side draw pumps for demethanizer, diesel pump, TEG
4
pump, hot oil circ oumos utilitv heat medium clrc pumpsl
Suc/disch isolation
4.1 . - - - Quarterly C-1
valves
Suc/disch open drain
4.3 - - - - Quarterly C-1
valves
Disch open vent valve
4.4 . . - . Quarterly C-1
(high vent)
5 Valves associated with compressor
bypass around surge

5.1 - - - - Annual C-2
control valve (if it exists)
Bypass on isolation
5.2 valve (purge / - - - - Annual C-2
pressurization)
6 Valves associated with filters I strainers
6.1 Drains - - - - Monthly C-1
6.2 bypass - - - - Monthly C-1
6.3 In/out isolation valves - - - . Monthly C-1
7 Valves associated with control valves
7.1 Control valve Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes C-1
actuated switching
7.2 Yes - - - Yes C-1
valves (dehy)
7.3 In/out isolation valves - - - - Yes C-1
7.4 Drains - - - - Yes C-1
8 Valves associated (depressuring/blowdown) valves
depressuring/blowdown
8.1 - Yes - Yes Annual C-2
valves (actuated valves)
8.2 In/out isolation valves - - - Yes Annual C-2
Bypass on isolation
8.3 valve (purge / - Yes - - Annual C-2
pressurization)
9 Valves associated relief valves (actuated valves)
9.1 Relief Valves - Yes - - 4 year C-2
9.2 In/out isolation valves - - - - 4 year C-3
Upstream/downstream
9.3 - - - - 4 year C-3
vent valves
9.4 Bypass valves - - - - 4 year C-3
10 Valves associated with instruments (note1)
10.1 Level isololation valves - - - - - C-2
Level instrument open

10.2 - - - - - C-2
vent/drain valves
Sheet 33 of 34
Packaged Equipment
Hytech Project Nº:
Shell DIN: SHO18018
SOV-1008-MX-7770-0001
(CPF) 0 SME SS
ESU/CF EMB 1
Plant:

Criticality
of failure
pressure instrument
10.3 - - - - - C-2
isolation valve
bridle valves/isolation
10.4 - - - - - C-2
valves on instruments
11 Valves associated with sampling
isolation valves -
11.1 - - - - Yes C-1
general
isolation valves - with
11.2 - - - - Yes C-1
retractable probe
11.3 needle valve - - - - Yes C-1
Sample tap valves on
11.4 - - - - Yes C-1
side of vessel
12 Valves in Piping
Manifold switching valve
12.1 - - - - - C-3
(manual)
12.2 Check valve - - - - - C-3
Valves associated with
12.3 - - - - Yes C-1
pig traps
Valves associated with
12.4 - - - - Annual C-3
process headers
12.5 Valves in utility lines - - - - Annual C-3
High point open vent
12.6 - - - - - C-3
valve
Low Point open drain
12.7 - - - - - C-1
valve
13 Potable water system (Contractor provided)
13.1 Safety/relief valves - - - - - C-2
13.2 Tank valve Yes - - - - C-1
13.3 Pressure control valve Yes - - - Yes C-1
13.4 System isolation valve - - - - - C-2
13.5 System check valve - - - - - C-2
14 Sewage system
14.1 Tank valve - - - - 6 months C-1
14.2 System isolation valve - - - - - C-2
14.3 System check valve - - - - - C-2
14 Compressed air system
C-1
14.1 isolation valves to skids - - - - - (confirm
with Shell)
Sheet 34 of 34
Packaged Equipment
Hytech Project Nº:
Shell DIN: SHO18018
SOV-1008-MX-7770-0001
(CPF) 0 SME SS
ESU/CF EMB 1
Plant:
19 ITP STRATEGY
Vendor packager shall submit the standard ITP during the bid. This particular document shall be agreed
upon between Vendor and Procurement Contractor/Shell.
ITP shall include minimum requirements as follow:
Welding inspection procedures
NDE test on skid, piping and vessels procedures
Pneumatic test procedures
Hydraulic test procedures
Factory Acceptance Test procedure (FAT)
Pre-commissioning procedures
All punch list items shall be closed at packager workshop before package deliver.
20 PRE-COMMISSIONING
All pre-commissioning procedures shall be conducted by Vendor package at assembly shop to minimize
activities at site. Vendor package ITP shall include the pre-commissioning activities and procedures.

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Sheet 1 of 34

Mechanical Requirements for

SHELL UPSTREAM AMERICAS

CPF-LLI Specs and Scopes of Work

Mechanical Requirements for Packaged Equipment

5 GENERAL REQUIREMENT FOR PIPING STRESS ANALYSIS ......................................................... 12

6 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR VALVES ....................................................................................... 13

7 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR RECIPROCATING COMPRESSORS. ........................................ 14

7.1 TORSIONAL ANALYSIS ....................................................................................................................... 15

7.2 PULSATION ANALYSIS ....................................................................................................................... 15

8 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR ROTARY-TYPE POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT COMPRESSORS15

9 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR RECIROCATING POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT PUMPS ............. 16

10 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS .............................................................. 16

11 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR PRESSURE VESSELS ................................................................ 17

12 PRESSURE VESSEL ALLOWABLE NOZZLE LOADS ........................................................................ 18

13 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR SHELL & TUBE HEAT EXCHANGERS....................................... 20

14 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR AIRCOOLED HEAT EXCHANGERS ........................................... 20

15 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR FIRED EQUIPMENT .................................................................... 21

16 MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS FOR THERMAL INSULATION .............................................................. 21

16.2 INSULATION AND ACCESSORY MATERIALS......................................................................... 24

16.3 CLIPS AND QUICK-RELEASE TOGGLES ................................................................................ 24

16.4 GENERAL APPLICATION REQUIREMENTS ............................................................................ 25

16.5 INSULATION OF PIPING ........................................................................................................... 27

16.6 INSULATION OF VESSELS AND EQUIPMENT ........................................................................ 28

18 LAY OUT GENERAL REQUIREMENTS .............................................................................................. 30

19 ITP STRATEGY .................................................................................................................................... 34

2.1 PIPING JOINTS

 Socket-welded construction shall not be used in the following services:

Table 2 Threaded Joint Application Limits (Branch Connections)

Non-corrosive and non-vibrating

Branchconnection braced in case of vibrating

N.O. regular valve (welded or flanged) Instrument

Instruments connected directly to piping (e.g. Instrument

2.1.1 PIPING SYSTEMS IN VIBRATING SERVICE

3.1 POSITIVE MATERIAL IDENTIFICATION

 The following material shall not be subjected to PMI testing:

3.2 BRITTLE FRACTURE

3.2.1.1 Low temperature

3.4 ROTATING EQUIPMENT

3.4.1.1 Cast iron for reciprocating compressors

4.1.2 NDE FOR PIPING

Table 4 - Piping NDE Requirements (Socket Welds)

Table 5 - NDE Requirements for Unfired Pressure Vessels

Joint type NDEMethod Applicability

All Welds VT 100%

Lifting lugs and

Forging UT As per code of construction

4.1.4 HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE TESTING

4.1.5 PNEUMATIC PRESSURE TESTING

5 GENERAL REQUIREMENT FOR PIPING STRESS ANALYSIS

d. Temperature drop by pressure relief, or depressurization effect

6 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR VALVES

7 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR RECIPROCATING COMPRESSORS.

 Main Compressors shall comply with ISO 13631.

7.1 TORSIONAL ANALYSIS

7.2 PULSATION ANALYSIS

 A pulsation analysis of each compressor package shall be performed to Design Approach 3 as

8 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR ROTARY-TYPE POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT

 The maximum discharge pressure shall be limited to 25 bar (360 psi).