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    Cloud Computing Introduction

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    MerajAhmed
    This document provides an overview of cloud computing. It defines cloud computing as enabling on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources that can be rapidly provisioned with minimal management effort. It describes how cloud computing provides dynamic provisioning of resources on a pay-per-use basis from anywhere via a network. It discusses how virtualization improves resource utilization and provides the foundation for cloud computing by allowing multiple operating systems to run on the same server. It also outlines different types of cloud services and deployment models.

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    Cloud Computing Introduction

    Uploaded by

    MerajAhmed
    35 views25 pages
    This document provides an overview of cloud computing. It defines cloud computing as enabling on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources that can be rapidly provisioned with minimal management effort. It describes how cloud computing provides dynamic provisioning of resources on a pay-per-use basis from anywhere via a network. It discusses how virtualization improves resource utilization and provides the foundation for cloud computing by allowing multiple operating systems to run on the same server. It also outlines different types of cloud services and deployment models.

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    Introduction to cloud computing

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    Cloud computing introduction

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    This document provides an overview of cloud computing. It defines cloud computing as enabling on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources that can be rapidly provisioned with minimal management effort. It describes how cloud computing provides dynamic provisioning of resources on a pay-per-use basis from anywhere via a network. It discusses how virtualization improves resource utilization and provides the foundation for cloud computing by allowing multiple operating systems to run on the same server. It also outlines different types of cloud services and deployment models.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    35 views25 pages

    Cloud Computing Introduction

    Uploaded by

    MerajAhmed
    This document provides an overview of cloud computing. It defines cloud computing as enabling on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources that can be rapidly provisioned with minimal management effort. It describes how cloud computing provides dynamic provisioning of resources on a pay-per-use basis from anywhere via a network. It discusses how virtualization improves resource utilization and provides the foundation for cloud computing by allowing multiple operating systems to run on the same server. It also outlines different types of cloud services and deployment models.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 25

    Cloud Computing Overview

    Dr S C Gupta!
    !
    Visiting Faculty,
    Dept of Computer Science and Engineering, IIT Delhi
    !
    Former Deputy Director General, NIC
    Cloud Computing
    Def (NIST)
    !
    “Cloud Computing is a model for enabling ubiquitous,
    convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool
    of configurable computing resources (.e.g. networks,
    servers, storage, applications and services) that can be
    rapidly provisioned and released with minimal
    management efforts or service provider interaction”
    Cloud Computing
    !
    • Dynamic Provisioning of Resources
    • Compute
    • Storage
    • Networking
    • Services.. Platforms, Applications
    • Pay per use like other utilities
    • Accessible over network from anywhere
    • Using Desktop and other Devices
    • No Capital Investment
    • Virtualisation Improves Compute Resource Utilisation
    • Cloud Platforms provide inbuilt scalability and reliability
    Cloud Computing Foundation :
    Virtualisation
    !
    • Traditionally Servers in Data Centres under Utilised
    (10-20%)
    • Virtualisation : Hosting Multiple OS on the same server
    • Guest OS isolated from each other and have
    dedicated Cores, RAM and Storage
    • VMM / Hypervisor Manages Multiple Guest OSs
    • Each Server Can host large no of VMs
    • Each VM can load any OS (any version) and is
    administered independently.
    • User Feel more secure having dedicated VM than
    sharing a multi-programming OS
    Virtualisation
    Creating a virtual version of a resource from a real
    resource (Compute, Storage, Network, Application)
    !
    Examples :
    Virtual Paging : Create continuous large address space
    for each user process / OS .. bigger than
    the physical RAM of the system using
    page table and disk swap area.
    !
    Storage Consolidation : Using Software Middleware,
    several hard disks can be consolidated
    to provide big disk storage. Can then
    partition it to give storage to
    individual VMs
    Multiprogramming VS Virtualisation
    Similarities and Differences

    Multiprogramming! Virtualisation!
    ! !
    CPU is shared among Processes CPU is shared among Guest OSs
    !
    Memory is shared using page Memory is shared using two level
    table page tables
    ! !
    Process knows that it is being Guest OS may or may not know
    managed - uses system calls that it is being managed
    !
    !
    !
    Virtualisation Architecture
    • OS unaware of underlying VMM
    • OS gets the illusion of having complete control on all
    resources
    • VMM / Hypervisor is a software layer over the Hardware which
    • Allows multiple OS to run simultaneously on a server
    • Mutiplexes / shares all underlying hardware resources
    Virtualisation : Key Features
    !
    • Instant Provisioning!
    • VM is created using pre-defined images

    • Live Migration!
    • Pages are transferred to new server while VM is running, Initially
    Program pages which do not change.. then data pages..flagging pages
    changed after transfer. Need to hibernate for a short period to make the
    final transfer..
    !
    • Load Balancing!
    • Periodically find load of all servers and decide to migrate VMs from
    overloaded Servers.
    • Improves performance, utilises spare capacity of severs (as CPU,
    Memory resources are not dedicated, but are being shared)
    !
    • Server Consolidation!
    • When load is very less (off peak time) VMs can be shifted to fewer
    Servers, so that some servers can be shut down to save on power.
    VM Migration
    Live Migration
    Transparent to the user
    Load Balancing ! ! ! ! Consolidation!
    !
    Better Server Utilisation Reduces No of Servers
    Better Performance Saves Power
    Virtualisation

    • Binary Translation

    • Para Virtualisation
    !
    • Hardware Assisted Virtualisation
    Popek & Goldberg Analysis of Instructions (1974)

    8.2 Resource Virtualization ~ Processors 9 385

    re 8.6 Types of Instructions. (a) Sensitive and privileged instructions overlap (although not necessarily
    completely). (b) Sensitive instructions and innocuous instructions are complements of each other.

    the direct modification of system resources such as the PSW and the CPU
    interval timer. Consequently, all of the guest operating system software is
    Binary Translation
    • Runs OS Binary as it is
    • OS at Ring 1, VMM at Ring 0
    • On the fly Binary Translation
    • Translation to Trap Sensitive Instructions
    • Translated pages cached for reuse
    • Sensitive and Privileged instructions are emulated
    • Emulation by VMM to Achieve Virtualisation
    • e.g Disk Read Block 5 by Guest OS2.. Mapped to
    Block ..1005
    • Used initially when not supported by H/W
    Para-virtualisation
    !
    • Possible when OS Source Code available
    • Modify OS Source Code
    • Replace Sensitive instructions to trap for
    emulation
    • Example : KVM Hypervisor
    Hardware Assisted Virtualisation

    • Hardware CPU enhanced to facilitate


    Virtualisation
    • Root Mode below ring 0
    • OS at Level 0, VMM at Root Mode Level
    • Sensitive & Privileged instruction flagged to trap
    to Root Mode
    • Some Privileged instructions do not to trap to
    Root Mode (like System Calls)
    • Only when System call routines / Kernel Functions
    use any sensitive or privileged interaction, it
    would trap to Root Mode.
    Intel VT-x
    • VMM with VT-x :
    ▪ System Call
    • CPU will directly trap to
    interrupt handler vector
    of guest OS.
    ▪ Hardware Interrupt
    • Still, hardware events
    need to be handled by
    VMM first.
    ▪ Sensitive Instruction
    • Instead of trap all
    privilege instructions,
    running guest OS in Non-
    root mode will trap
    sensitive instruction
    only.
    Cloud Reference Architecture
    IaaS : Infrastructure as a Service
    !
    Virtualised Compute, Storage, Networking
    e.g. Amazon AWS, OpenStack, Baadal, Google Compute Engine
    !
    PaaS : Platform as a Service
    !
    Development and Processing Platform :Scalable and Reliable
    e.g. Windows Azure, Google App Engine
    !
    SaaS : Software as a Service
    !
    Generic Application Software for wide use like
    Office Products, CRM, Social Networking
    e.g Facebook, Flicker, Salesforce, Google Documents
    Cloud Deployment Models
    Public Cloud :
    Cloud Services from 3rd Party on Payment basis
    e.g Windows Azure, Amazon, Google
    !
    Private Cloud :
    In-house cloud services, largely used by Govt and
    private org for sensitive applications and data
    !
    Hybrid Cloud :
    Private cloud supplemented by Public Cloud
    !
    *Data Security and Legal issues
    Cloud Technology
    Proprietary
    !
    Windows Azure
    Amazon
    Google Apps Engine
    !
    Open Source Cloud!
    !
    Open Stack
    Cloud Stack
    Eucalyptus
    !
    References

    Mastering Cloud Computing :


    Rajkumar Buyya ,Christian Vecchiola, S Thamarai Selvi
    Tata McGraw Hill Education Private Limited

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